ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ื”ืœื›ื” ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื•ืžื•ืกืจ
  • ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”
  • ืจืžื‘"ื ื™ื•ืžื™ โ€“ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” โ€“ ืžืคืขืœ ืžืฉื ื” ืชื•ืจื”
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
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4 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”





ืคึผึถืจึถืง ืฉืึดืฉึผืึดื™

ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื‘ืžืงืจื



ื”ืงืฉื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืงืจื


ื1 ืคึผึฐืกื•ึผืงึดื™ื ื”ึทืจึฐื‘ึผึตื” ื™ึตืฉื ื‘ึผึทืชึผื•ึนืจึธื” ื•ึผื‘ึฐื“ึดื‘ึฐืจึตื™ ื”ึทื ึผึฐื‘ึดื™ืึดื™ื ืฉืึถื”ึตืŸ ื ึดืจึฐืึดื™ืŸ ื›ึผึฐืกื•ึนืชึฐืจึดื™ืŸ ืขึดืงึผึธืจ ื–ึถื”, ื•ึฐื ึดื›ึฐืฉืึธืœึดื™ืŸ ื‘ึผึธื”ึถืŸ ืจึนื‘ ื”ึธืึธื“ึธื, ื•ึฐื™ึทืขึฒืœึถื” ืขึทืœ ื“ึผึทืขึฐืชึผึธืŸ ืžึตื”ึถืŸ ืฉืึถื”ึทืงึผึธื“ื•ึนืฉื ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ื”ื•ึผื ื’ึผื•ึนื–ึตืจ ืขึทืœ ื”ึธืึธื“ึธื ืœึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึนืช ื˜ื•ึนื‘ึธื” ืื•ึน ืจึธืขึธื”, ื•ึฐืฉืึถืึตื™ืŸ ืœึดื‘ึผื•ึน ืฉืึถืœึผึธืึธื“ึธื ืžึธืกื•ึผืจ ืœื•ึน ืœึฐื”ึทื˜ึผื•ึนืชื•ึน ืœึฐื›ึธืœ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื™ึดืจึฐืฆึถื”. ื•ึทื”ึฒืจึตื™ื ึดื™ ืžึฐื‘ึธืึตืจ ืขึดืงึผึธืจ ื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ, ืฉืึถืžึผึดืžึผึถื ึผื•ึผ ืชึผึตื“ึทืข ืคึผึตืจื•ึผืฉื ื›ึผึธืœ ืื•ึนืชึธืŸ ื”ึทืคึผึฐืกื•ึผืงึดื™ื.


ืขื•ื ืฉื• ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ื˜ื


ื2 ื‘ึผึดื–ึฐืžึทืŸ ืฉืึถืึธื“ึธื ืึถื—ึธื“ ื—ื•ึนื˜ึตื ืื•ึน ืึทื ึฐืฉืึตื™ ืžึฐื“ึดื™ื ึธื” ื—ื•ึนื˜ึฐืึดื™ืŸ, ื•ึฐืขื•ึนืฉื‚ึถื” ื”ึทื—ื•ึนื˜ึตื ื—ึตื˜ึฐื ืฉืึถืขึธืฉื‚ึธื” ืžึดื“ึผึทืขึฐืชึผื•ึน ื•ึผื‘ึดืจึฐืฆื•ึนื ื•ึน, ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ืฉืึถื”ื•ึนื“ึทืขึฐื ื•ึผ - ืจึธืื•ึผื™ ืœึฐื”ึดืคึผึธืจึทืข ืžึดืžึผึถื ึผื•ึผ, ื•ึฐื”ึทืงึผึธื“ื•ึนืฉื ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ื”ื•ึผื ื™ื•ึนื“ึตืขึท ื”ึตื™ืึทืšึฐ ื™ึดืคึผึธืจึทืข. ื™ึตืฉื ื—ึตื˜ึฐื ืฉืึถื”ึทื“ึผึดื™ืŸ ื ื•ึนืชึตืŸ ืฉืึถื ึผึดืคึฐืจึธืขึดื™ืŸ ืžึดืžึผึถื ึผื•ึผ ืขึทืœ ื—ึถื˜ึฐืื•ึน ื‘ึผึธืขื•ึนืœึธื ื”ึทื–ึผึถื”, ื‘ึผึฐื’ื•ึผืคื•ึน ืื•ึน ื‘ึผึฐืžึธืžื•ึนื ื•ึน ืื•ึน ื‘ึผึฐื‘ึธื ึธื™ื• ื”ึทืงึผึฐื˜ึทื ึผึดื™ื; ืฉืึถื‘ึผึธื ึธื™ื• ืฉืึถืœึผึธืึธื“ึธื ื”ึทืงึผึฐื˜ึทื ึผึดื™ื, ืฉืึถืึตื™ืŸ ื‘ึผึธื”ึถืŸ ื“ึผึทืขึทืช ื•ึฐืœึนื ื”ึดื’ึผึดื™ืขื•ึผ ืœึดื›ึฐืœึทืœ ืžึดืฆึฐื•ื•ึนืช, ื›ึผึฐืงึดื ึฐื™ึธื ื•ึน ื”ึตืŸ; ื›ึผึธืชื•ึผื‘: "ืึดื™ืฉื ื‘ึผึฐื—ึถื˜ึฐืื•ึน ื™ื•ึผืžึธืช" (ืžืœื›ื™ื ื‘ ื™ื“,ื•; ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ื“,ื˜ื–: ื™ื•ึผืžึธืชื•ึผ) - ืขึทื“ ืฉืึถื™ึผึตืขึธืฉื‚ึถื” 'ืึดื™ืฉื'.

ื2  ืœึฐื”ึดืคึผึธืจึทืข ืžึดืžึผึถื ึผื•ึผ - ืœืฉืœื ืœื• ืจืขื” ื›ื’ืžื•ืœื•. ื›ึผึฐืงึดื ึฐื™ึธื ื•ึน ื”ึตืŸ - ื›ืื™ืœื• ื‘ื‘ืขืœื•ืชื•, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ื ืื—ืจื™ื•ืชื•, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ื”ื ื”ื™ื ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ืคื™ืจืขื•ืŸ ืžื”ื•ืจื™ื”ื (ื•ืœื ื ื–ื›ืจ ื‘ืจืžื‘"ื ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” "ื‘ืจื•ืš ืฉืคื˜ืจื ื™". ืจืื” ืง').

ื3 ื•ึฐื™ึตืฉื ื—ึตื˜ึฐื ืฉืึถื”ึทื“ึผึดื™ืŸ ื ื•ึนืชึตืŸ ืฉืึถื ึผึดืคึฐืจึธืขึดื™ืŸ ืžึดืžึผึถื ึผื•ึผ ืœึธืขื•ึนืœึธื ื”ึทื‘ึผึธื, ื•ึฐืึตื™ืŸ ืขื•ึนื‘ึตืจ ืขึธืœึธื™ื• ืฉืื•ึผื ื ึถื–ึถืง ื‘ึผึธืขื•ึนืœึธื ื”ึทื–ึผึถื”; ื•ึฐื™ึตืฉื ื—ึตื˜ึฐื ืฉืึถื ึผึดืคึฐืจึธืขึดื™ืŸ ืžึดืžึผึถื ึผื•ึผ ืขึธืœึธื™ื• ื‘ึผึธืขื•ึนืœึธื ื”ึทื–ึผึถื” ื•ึฐืœึธืขื•ึนืœึธื ื”ึทื‘ึผึธื. ื‘ ื‘ึผึทืžึผึถื” ื“ึผึฐื‘ึธืจึดื™ื ืึฒืžื•ึผืจึดื™ื? ื‘ึผึดื–ึฐืžึทืŸ ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ืขึธืฉื‚ึธื” ืชึผึฐืฉืื•ึผื‘ึธื”. ืึฒื‘ึธืœ ืึดื ืขึธืฉื‚ึธื” ืชึผึฐืฉืื•ึผื‘ึธื” - ื”ึทืชึผึฐืฉืื•ึผื‘ึธื” ื›ึผึดืชึฐืจึดื™ืก ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ื”ึทืคึผึปืจึฐืขึธื ื•ึผืช. ื•ึผื›ึฐืฉืึตื ืฉืึถืึธื“ึธื ื—ื•ึนื˜ึตื ื‘ึผึดืจึฐืฆื•ึนื ื•ึน ื•ึผืžึดื“ึผึทืขึฐืชึผื•ึน, ื›ึผึธืšึฐ ื”ื•ึผื ืขื•ึนืฉื‚ึถื” ืชึผึฐืฉืื•ึผื‘ึธื” ื‘ึผึดืจึฐืฆื•ึนื ื•ึน ื•ึผืžึดื“ึผึทืขึฐืชึผื•ึน.

ื‘  ื›ึผึดืชึฐืจึดื™ืก ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ื”ึทืคึผึปืจึฐืขึธื ื•ึผืช - ื›ืžื’ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื ืข ืืช ื”ืคื•ืจืขื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืคื’ืขื™ื ืžืœื‘ื•ื ืขืœ ื”ืื“ื (ืคื”"ืž ืื‘ื•ืช ื“,ื™ื’).

ืขื•ื ืฉ ืฉืœื™ืœืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”


ื’1 ื•ึฐืึถืคึฐืฉืึธืจ ืฉืึถื™ึผึถื—ึฑื˜ึธื ื”ึธืึธื“ึธื ื—ึตื˜ึฐื ื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ ืื•ึน ื—ึฒื˜ึธืึดื™ื ื”ึทืจึฐื‘ึผึตื”, ืขึทื“ ืฉืึถื™ึผึดืชึผึตืŸ ื”ึทื“ึผึดื™ืŸ ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ื“ึผึทื™ึผึธืŸ ื”ึธืึฑืžึถืช, ืฉืึถื™ึผึฐื”ึตื ื”ึทืคึผึตืจึธืขื•ึนืŸ ืžึดื–ึผึถื” ื”ึทื—ื•ึนื˜ึตื ืขึทืœ ื—ึฒื˜ึธืึดื™ื ืึตืœึผื•ึผ ืฉืึถืขึธืฉื‚ึธื” ื‘ึผึดืจึฐืฆื•ึนื ื•ึน ื•ึผืžึดื“ึผึทืขึฐืชึผื•ึน, ืฉืึถืžึผื•ึนื ึฐืขึดื™ืŸ ืžึดืžึผึถื ึผื•ึผ ื”ึทืชึผึฐืฉืื•ึผื‘ึธื” ื•ึฐืึตื™ืŸ ืžึทื ึผึดื™ื—ึดื™ืŸ ืœื•ึน ืจึฐืฉืื•ึผืช ืœึธืฉืื•ึผื‘ ืžึตืจึดืฉืึฐืขื•ึน, ื›ึผึฐื“ึตื™ ืฉืึถื™ึผึธืžื•ึผืช ื•ึฐื™ึนืื‘ึทื“ ื‘ึผึทื—ึฒื˜ึธืึดื™ื ืึตืœึผื•ึผ ืฉืึถืขึธืฉื‚ึธื”. ื”ื•ึผื ืฉืึถื”ึทืงึผึธื“ื•ึนืฉื ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ื”ื•ึผื ืื•ึนืžึตืจ ืขึทืœ ื™ึฐื“ึตื™ ื™ึฐืฉืึทืขึฐื™ึธื”ื•ึผ: "ื”ึทืฉืึฐืžึตืŸ ืœึตื‘ ื”ึธืขึธื ื”ึทื–ึผึถื” ื•ึฐืึธื–ึฐื ึธื™ื• ื”ึทื›ึฐื‘ึผึตื“ ื•ึฐืขึตื™ื ึธื™ื• ื”ึธืฉืึทืข, ืคึผึถืŸ ื™ึดืจึฐืึถื” ื‘ึฐืขึตื™ื ึธื™ื• ื•ึผื‘ึฐืึธื–ึฐื ึธื™ื• ื™ึดืฉืึฐืžึธืข ื•ึผืœึฐื‘ึธื‘ื•ึน ื™ึธื‘ึดื™ืŸ ื•ึธืฉืึธื‘ ื•ึฐืจึธืคึธื ืœื•ึน" (ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ื•,ื™). ื•ึฐื›ึตืŸ ื”ื•ึผื ืื•ึนืžึตืจ: "ื•ึทื™ึผึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึผ ืžึทืœึฐืขึดื‘ึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐืžึทืœึฐืึฒื›ึตื™ ื”ึธืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื, ื•ึผื‘ื•ึนื–ึดื™ื ื“ึผึฐื‘ึธืจึธื™ื•, ื•ึผืžึดืชึผึทืขึฐืชึผึฐืขึดื™ื ื‘ึผึดื ึฐื‘ึดืึธื™ื•, ืขึทื“ ืขึฒืœื•ึนืช ื—ึฒืžึทืช ื™ื™ ื‘ึผึฐืขึทืžึผื•ึน ืขึทื“ ืœึฐืึตื™ืŸ ืžึทืจึฐืคึผึตื" (ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ ืœื•,ื˜ื–), ื›ึผึฐืœื•ึนืžึทืจ: ื—ึธื˜ึฐืื•ึผ ื‘ึผึดืจึฐืฆื•ึนื ึธื, ื•ึฐื”ึดืจึฐื‘ึผื•ึผ ืœึดืคึฐืฉืึนืขึท, ืขึทื“ ืฉืึถื ึผึดืชึฐื—ึทื™ึผึฐื‘ื•ึผ ืœึดืžึฐื ึนืขึท ืžึตื”ึถืŸ ื”ึทืชึผึฐืฉืื•ึผื‘ึธื”, ืฉืึถื”ึดื™ื ื”ึทืžึผึทืจึฐืคึผึตื.

ื’1  ื”ึทืคึผึตืจึธืขื•ึนืŸ - ื”ืขื•ื ืฉ. ื”ึทืฉืึฐืžึตืŸ ืœึตื‘ ื•ื›ื•' - ืื˜ื•ื ืืช ืœื‘ ื”ืขื, ื•ืืœ ืชืชืŸ ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื—ื–ืจื• ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ื™ื™ืจืคืื•. ื”ึธืฉืึทืข - ืกืชื•ื. ืžึทืœึฐืขึดื‘ึดื™ื - ืžืœืขื™ื’ื™ื, ื•ืžืœื’ืœื’ื™ื. ื‘ึผึฐืžึทืœึฐืึฒื›ึตื™ ื”ึธืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื - ื‘ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื (ืžื•"ื  ื‘,ื•). ืžึดืชึผึทืขึฐืชึผึฐืขึดื™ื ื‘ึผึดื ึฐื‘ึดืึธื™ื• - "ืœืชืช ื“ื•ืคื™ [ืœื”ื˜ื™ืœ ืกืคืง ื•ืคื’ื] ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื" (ื˜ื•ืžืืช ืฆืจืขืช ื˜ื–,ื™5; ื•ืจืื” ื’ื ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” ื•,ื™ื).

ื’2 ืœึฐืคึดื™ื›ึธืšึฐ ื›ึผึธืชื•ึผื‘ ื‘ึผึทืชึผื•ึนืจึธื”: "ื•ึทืึฒื ึดื™ ืึฒื—ึทื–ึผึตืง ืึถืช ืœึตื‘ ืคึผึทืจึฐืขึนื”" (ืฉืžื•ืช ื“,ื›ื; ื•ืฉื: ืึถืช ืœึดื‘ึผื•ึน) - ืœึฐืคึดื™ ืฉืึถื—ึธื˜ึธื ืžึตืขึทืฆึฐืžื•ึน ืชึผึฐื—ึดืœึผึธื”, ื•ึฐื”ึตืจึทืข ืœึฐื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื”ึทื’ึผึธืจึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐืึทืจึฐืฆื•ึน, ืฉืึถื ึผึถืึฑืžึทืจ: "ื”ึธื‘ึธื” ื ึดืชึฐื—ึทื›ึผึฐืžึธื” ืœื•ึน" (ืฉื ื,ื™), ื ึธืชึทืŸ ื”ึทื“ึผึดื™ืŸ ืœึดืžึฐื ึนืขึท ืžึดืžึผึถื ึผื•ึผ ื”ึทืชึผึฐืฉืื•ึผื‘ึธื” ืขึทื“ ืฉืึถื ึผึดืคึฐืจึธืขึดื™ืŸ ืžึดืžึผึถื ึผื•ึผ, ื•ึผืœึฐืคึดื™ื›ึธืšึฐ ื—ึดื–ึผึตืง ื”ึทืงึผึธื“ื•ึนืฉื ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ื”ื•ึผื ืึถืช ืœึดื‘ึผื•ึน.

ื’2  ืฉืึถื ึผึถืึฑืžึทืจ: "ื”ึธื‘ึธื” ื ึดืชึฐื—ึทื›ึผึฐืžึธื” ืœื•ึน" - ื”ื™ื–ืžื” ืœื’ื–ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฉืœ ืคืจืขื”.

ืกื™ื•ืข ื”'


ื“ ื•ึผื‘ึฐืขึดื ึฐื™ึธืŸ ื–ึถื” ืฉืื•ึนืึฒืœึดื™ืŸ ื”ึทื ึผึฐื‘ึดื™ืึดื™ื ื•ึฐื”ึทืฆึผึทื“ึผึดื™ืงึดื™ื ื‘ึผึดืชึฐืคึดืœึผื•ึนืชึตื™ื”ึถืŸ ืžึตื™ื™ ืœึฐืขึธื–ึฐืจึธื ืขึทืœ ื“ึผึถืจึถืšึฐ ื”ึธืึฑืžึถืช, ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ืฉืึถืึธืžึทืจ ื“ึผึธื•ึดื“: "ื”ื•ึนืจึตื ึดื™ ื™ื™ ื“ึผึทืจึฐื›ึผึถืšึธ" (ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ื›ื–,ื™ื; ืคื•,ื™ื), ื›ึผึฐืœื•ึนืžึทืจ: ืึทืœ ื™ึดืžึฐื ึฐืขื•ึผื ึดื™ ื—ึฒื˜ึธืึทื™ ื“ึผึถืจึถืšึฐ ื”ึธืึฑืžึถืช, ืฉืึถืžึผึดืžึผึถื ึผึธื” ืึตื“ึทืข ื“ึผึฐืจึธื›ึถื™ืšึธ ื•ึฐื™ึดื—ื•ึผื“ ืฉืึดืžึฐืšึธ. ื•ึฐื›ึตืŸ ื–ึถื” ืฉืึถืึธืžึทืจ: "ื•ึฐืจื•ึผื—ึท ื ึฐื“ึดื™ื‘ึธื” ืชึดืกึฐืžึฐื›ึตื ึดื™" (ืฉื ื ื,ื™ื“), ื›ึผึฐืœื•ึนืžึทืจ: ืชึผึทื ึผึดื™ื—ึท ืจื•ึผื—ึดื™ ืœึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึนืช ื—ึถืคึฐืฆึธื”ึผ*, ื•ึฐืึทืœ ื™ึดื’ึฐืจึฐืžื•ึผ ืœึดื™ ื—ึฒื˜ึธืึทื™ ืœึฐืžึธื ึฐืขึตื ึดื™ ื”ึทืชึผึฐืฉืื•ึผื‘ึธื”, ืึถืœึผึธื ืชึผึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ื”ึธืจึฐืฉืื•ึผืช ื‘ึผึฐื™ึธื“ึดื™ ืขึทื“ ืฉืึถืึถื—ึฑื–ึนืจ ื•ึฐืึธื‘ึดื™ืŸ, ื•ึฐืึตื“ึทืข ื“ึผึถืจึถืšึฐ ื”ึธืึฑืžึถืช. ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ื“ึผึถืจึถืšึฐ ื–ื•ึน ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทื“ึผื•ึนืžึถื” ืœึดืคึฐืกื•ึผืงึดื™ื ืึตืœึผื•ึผ.
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ื”1 ื•ึผืžึทื” ื”ื•ึผื ื–ึถื” ืฉืึถืึธืžึทืจ ื“ึผึธื•ึดื“: "ื˜ื•ึนื‘ ื•ึฐื™ึธืฉืึธืจ ื™ื™, ืขึทืœ ื›ึผึตืŸ ื™ื•ึนืจึถื” ื—ึทื˜ึผึธืึดื™ื ื‘ึผึทื“ึผึธืจึถืšึฐ, ื™ึทื“ึฐืจึตืšึฐ ืขึฒื ึธื•ึดื™ื ื‘ึผึทืžึผึดืฉืึฐืคึผึธื˜ ื•ึดื™ืœึทืžึผึตื“ ืขึฒื ึธื•ึดื™ื ื“ึผึทืจึฐื›ึผื•ึน" (ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ื›ื”,ื—-ื˜)? ื–ึถื” ืฉืึถืฉึผืึธืœึทื— ืœึธื”ึถืŸ ื ึฐื‘ึดื™ืึดื™ื, ืžื•ึนื“ึดื™ืขึดื™ื ืœึธื”ึถื ื“ึผึทืจึฐื›ึตื™ ื™ื™ ื•ึผืžึทื—ึฒื–ึดื™ืจึดื™ืŸ ืื•ึนืชึธืŸ ื‘ึผึดืชึฐืฉืื•ึผื‘ึธื”. ื•ึฐืขื•ึนื“, ืฉืึถื ึผึธืชึทืŸ ื‘ึผึธื”ึถื ื›ึผึนื—ึท ืœึดืœึฐืžึนื“ ื•ึผืœึฐื”ึธื‘ึดื™ืŸ; ืฉืึถืžึผึดื“ึผึธื” ื–ื•ึน ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ืึธื“ึธื: ืฉืึถื›ึผึธืœ ื–ึฐืžึทืŸ ืฉืึถื”ื•ึผื ื ึดืžึฐืฉืึธืšึฐ ื‘ึผึฐื“ึทืจึฐื›ึตื™ ื”ึทื—ึธื›ึฐืžึธื” ื•ึฐื”ึทืฆึผึถื“ึถืง - ืžึดืชึฐืึทื•ึผึถื” ืœึธื”ึถืŸ ื•ึฐืจื•ึนื“ึตืฃ ืื•ึนืชึธืŸ. ื•ึฐื”ื•ึผื ืฉืึถืึธืžึฐืจื•ึผ ื—ึฒื›ึธืžึดื™ื: ื‘ึผึธื ืœึดื˜ึผึทื”ึตืจ - ืžึฐืกึทื™ึผึฐืขึดื™ืŸ ืื•ึนืชื•ึน; ื›ึผึฐืœื•ึนืžึทืจ: ื™ึดืžึฐืฆึธื ืขึทืฆึฐืžื•ึน ื ึถืขึฑื–ึธืจ ืขึทืœ ื”ึทื“ึผึธื‘ึธืจ.

ื”1  ืžึฐืกึทื™ึผึฐืขึดื™ืŸ ืื•ึนืชื•ึน - ืœื ืฉื”' ืžื•ืœื™ืš ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื• ืืœื ืฉื”' (ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžืœืื›ื™ื•, ืฉื”ื ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช, ืฉื”ืจื™ "ืžืกื™ื™ืขื™ืŸ" ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ื) ืžืกื™ืจ ืžืคื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ืืช ื”ืžื›ืฉื•ืœื™ื (ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืžื—ืœื•ืช) ื”ืžื•ื ืขื™ื ืืช ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื• (ืœื”ืœืŸ ื˜,ื; ืคื”"ืž ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ื™,ื; ืžื•"ื  ื‘,ื•). ื•ื ืงื˜ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืžืกื™ื™ืข, ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืš ืฉืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื ืขืฉื™ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืื“ื. ื•ื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจ ืจื‘ื ื•: ื›ึผึฐืœื•ึนืžึทืจ ื™ึดืžึฐืฆึธื ืขึทืฆึฐืžื•ึน ื ึถืขึฑื–ึธืจ ืขึทืœ ื”ึทื“ึผึธื‘ึธืจ (ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืžืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื”ื•ืชื™: "ื•ืžืกื™ื™ืข ืื™ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื›ืœื•ื" - ืฉื‘ืช ื,ื˜ื–; "ืฉื”ืžืกื™ื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ืžืฉื’ื™ื—ื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ื•" - ื‘ื™ืืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”,ื™ื—; "ื•ืžืกื™ื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืžืžืฉ" - ืžืฉื›ื‘ ื•ืžื•ืฉื‘ ื–,ื•).

ื’ื–ืจืช ื”ื›ืœืœ ื•ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืคืจื˜


ื”2 ื•ึทื”ึฒืœึนื ื›ึผึธืชื•ึผื‘ ื‘ึผึทืชึผื•ึนืจึธื”: "ื•ึทืขึฒื‘ึธื“ื•ึผื ื•ึฐืขึดื ึผื•ึผ ืึนืชึธื" (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื˜ื•,ื™ื’), ื”ึฒืจึตื™ ื’ึผึธื–ึทืจ ืขึทืœ ื”ึทืžึผึดืฆึฐืจึดื™ึผึดื™ื ืœึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึนืช ืจึทืข, ื•ึฐื›ึธืชื•ึผื‘: "ื•ึฐืงึธื ื”ึธืขึธื ื”ึทื–ึผึถื” ื•ึฐื–ึธื ึธื” ืึทื—ึฒืจึตื™ ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ ื ึตื›ึทืจ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ" (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื,ื˜ื–), ื”ึฒืจึตื™ ื’ึผึธื–ึทืจ ืขึทืœ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืœึทืขึฒื‘ึนื“ ืขึฒื‘ื•ึนื“ึธื” ื–ึธืจึธื” - ื•ึฐืœึธืžึผึธื” ื ึดืคึฐืจึทืข ืžึตื”ึถืŸ? ืœึฐืคึดื™ ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ื’ึผึธื–ึทืจ ืขึทืœ ืึดื™ืฉื ืคึผึฐืœื•ึนื ึดื™ ื”ึทื™ึผึธื“ื•ึผืขึท ืฉืึถื™ึผึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ื”ื•ึผื ื”ึทื–ึผื•ึนื ึถื”, ืึถืœึผึธื ื›ึผึธืœ ืึถื—ึธื“ ื•ึฐืึถื—ึธื“ ืžึตืื•ึนืชึธืŸ ื”ึทื–ึผื•ึนื ึดื™ืŸ ืฉืึถืขึธื‘ึฐื“ื•ึผ ืขึฒื‘ื•ึนื“ึธื” ื–ึธืจึธื”, ืึดืœึผื•ึผ ืœึนื ืจึธืฆึธื” ืœึทืขึฒื‘ึนื“ ืœึนื ื”ึธื™ึธื” ืขื•ึนื‘ึตื“; ื•ึฐืœึนื ื”ื•ึนื“ึดื™ืขื•ึน ื”ึทื‘ึผื•ึนืจึตื ืึถืœึผึธื ืžึดื ึฐื”ึธื’ื•ึน ืฉืึถืœึผึธืขื•ึนืœึธื. ื”ึธื ืœึฐืžึธื” ื–ึถื” ื“ึผื•ึนืžึถื”? ืœึฐืื•ึนืžึตืจ 'ื”ึธืขึธื ื”ึทื–ึผึถื” ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ื‘ึผึธื”ึถืŸ ืฆึทื“ึผึดื™ืงึดื™ื ื•ึผืจึฐืฉืึธืขึดื™ื'. ืœึนื ืžึดืคึผึฐื ึตื™ ื–ึถื” ื™ึนืืžึทืจ ื”ึธืจึธืฉืึธืข: ื›ึผึฐื‘ึธืจ ื ึดื’ึฐื–ึทืจ ืขึธืœึธื™ื• ืฉืึถื™ึผึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืจึธืฉืึธืข, ืžึดืคึผึฐื ึตื™ ืฉืึถื”ื•ึนื“ึดื™ืขึท ื”ึทืงึผึธื“ื•ึนืฉื ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ื”ื•ึผื ืœึฐืžึนืฉืึถื” ืฉืึถื™ึผึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืจึฐืฉืึธืขึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ, ื›ึผึธืขึดื ึฐื™ึธืŸ ืฉืึถื ึผึถืึฑืžึทืจ: "ื›ึผึดื™ ืœึนื ื™ึถื—ึฐื“ึผึทืœ ืึถื‘ึฐื™ื•ึนืŸ ืžึดืงึผึถืจึถื‘ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ" (ืฉื ื˜ื•,ื™ื).

ื”2  ื›ึผึธืชื•ึผื‘ ื‘ึผึทืชึผื•ึนืจึธื” - ื‘ื ื‘ื•ืืช ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืฉืืžืจ ืœื• ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืขืœ ืขืชื™ื“ ืฆืืฆืื™ื•: "ื™ึธื“ึนืขึท ืชึผึตื“ึทืข ื›ึผึดื™ ื’ึตืจ ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ื–ึทืจึฐืขึฒืšึธ ื‘ึผึฐืึถืจึถืฅ ืœึนื ืœึธื”ึถื [ื‘ืžืฆืจึทื™ึดื], ื•ึทืขึฒื‘ึธื“ื•ึผื [ื”ืžืฆืจึดื™ื] ื•ึฐืขึดื ึผื•ึผ ืึนืชึธื ืึทืจึฐื‘ึผึทืข ืžึตืื•ึนืช ืฉืึธื ึธื”. ื•ึฐื’ึทื ืึถืช ื”ึทื’ึผื•ึนื™ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื™ึทืขึฒื‘ึนื“ื•ึผ ื“ึผึธืŸ ืึธื ึนื›ึดื™". ื•ึฐื›ึธืชื•ึผื‘ - ื‘ื ื‘ื•ืื” ืขืœ ืขืชื™ื“ ื”ืขื ืœืื—ืจ ืžื•ืช ืžืฉื”: "ื•ึฐืงึธื ื”ึธืขึธื ื”ึทื–ึผึถื” ื•ึฐื–ึธื ึธื” ืึทื—ึฒืจึตื™ ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ ื ึตื›ึทืจ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื”ื•ึผื ื‘ึธื ืฉืึธืžึผึธื” ื‘ึผึฐืงึดืจึฐื‘ึผื•ึน [ื‘ืืจืฅ ื›ื ืขืŸ]... ื•ึฐื—ึธืจึธื” ืึทืคึผึดื™ ื‘ื•ึน ื‘ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทื”ื•ึผื ื•ึทืขึฒื–ึทื‘ึฐืชึผึดื™ื ื•ึฐื”ึดืกึฐืชึผึทืจึฐืชึผึดื™ ืคึธื ึทื™ ืžึตื”ึถื ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ืœึถืึฑื›ึนืœ ื•ึผืžึฐืฆึธืึปื”ื•ึผ ืจึธืขื•ึนืช ืจึทื‘ึผื•ึนืช ื•ึฐืฆึธืจื•ึนืช". ืžึดื ึฐื”ึธื’ื•ึน ืฉืึถืœึผึธืขื•ึนืœึธื - ื˜ื‘ืขื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื. ื›ึผึดื™ ืœึนื ื™ึถื—ึฐื“ึผึทืœ ืึถื‘ึฐื™ื•ึนืŸ ืžึดืงึผึถืจึถื‘ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ - ืชืžื™ื“ ื™ื”ื™ื• ืื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืฉืจื, ืืš ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืฉื“ื•ื•ืงื ืื“ื ืžืกื•ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืขื ื™.

ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื” ื”ืžื‘ื•ืืจืช ืฉืœ ืžืคืขืœ ืžืฉื ื” ืชื•ืจื” - ืกืคืจ ื”ืžื“ืข.
ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืชืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื•ืžืคืขืœ ืžืฉื ื” ืชื•ืจื”

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ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ืžืฉื ื”: ื”ืœืœ ื’ืจืฉื•ื ื™, ื“"ืจ ื™ื—ื™ืืœ ืงืืจื”, ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื‘ื™ืจ ื˜ืœ, ื”ืจื‘ ืจื•ืขื™ ื“ื•ื‘ืงื™ืŸ
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