ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ืœื•ื— ืฉื ื” ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช

ื”ืงื“ืฉืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืืชืจ

ื”ืงื“ืฉ

ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
 ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืกืคืจื™ื”
  • ืชืคื™ืœืช ื ืฉื™ื
  • ืชืคื™ืœื” ืœืืฉื”
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
  • ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืžื“ื™ื ื”
  • ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™
  • ื”ืืฉื” ื‘ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช
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13 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”

ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืœืขื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืฉืžืช

ื™ืขืงื‘ ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื›ื•ืจื”

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ืืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขืกื“ืจื•ืชืกืคืจื™ื”ืคืกืงื™ ื“ื™ืŸื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš
ื - ื”ื”ืฉืœืžื” ื”ื”ื“ื“ื™ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ืœืืฉื”
ื›ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉื ื• ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ื, ื•ืฆืœื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ื‘ืื“ื, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื ืฉื™ื ื›ืื—ื“, ื•ื›ืŸ ืกื’ื•ืœืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื ืฉื™ื ื›ืื—ื“, ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื ื™ืชื ื” ืœื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื ืฉื™ื ื›ืื—ื“ (ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื–, ื). ื•ื›ืŸ ืœืžื“ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืžื”ืคืกื•ืง (ืฉืžื•ืช ื›ื, ื): "ื•ึฐืึตืœึผึถื” ื”ึทืžึผึดืฉืึฐืคึผึธื˜ึดื™ื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืชึผึธืฉื‚ึดื™ื ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ื”ึถื" - "ื”ืฉื•ื•ื” ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืืฉื” ืœืื™ืฉ ืœื›ืœ ื“ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื‘ืชื•ืจื”" (ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืœื”, ื).
ืืžื ื, ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉื ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ื, ื”ืŸ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื’ื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ื•ื ืคืฉื™ื™ื ืžืฆื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ืช, ื•ื”ืŸ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืœื›ืชื™ื™ื ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืขืฉื” ืฉื”ื–ืžืŸ ื’ืจืžืŸ. ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœืื™ืฉ ื•ืœืืฉื” ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ื–ื” ืืช ื–ื”.
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื“ืจืš ืฉื ื™ ืคื ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉืœื™ืžื• ื–ื” ืืช ื–ื”. ื›ืœ ื ื‘ืจื ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงืœื•ื˜ ืืช ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืžืชื’ืœื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ืžื›ืืŸ ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืจืง ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืœืชืงืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื” ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื•ื›ืคื™ ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืฉืžื•ืช, ื›ืš ื™ืฉื ื ื˜ืขืžื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืกื‘, ื™ื‘): "ืึทื—ึทืช ื“ึผึดื‘ึผึถืจ ืึฑืœื•ึนื”ึดื™ื ืฉืึฐืชึผึทื™ึดื ื–ื•ึผ ืฉืึธืžึธืขึฐืชึผึดื™". ื•ื›ืŸ ื ืืžืจ (ื™ืจืžื™ื”ื• ื›ื’, ื›ื˜): "ื”ึฒืœื•ึนื ื›ึนื” ื“ึฐื‘ึธืจึดื™ ื›ึผึธืึตืฉื ื ึฐืึปื ื”' ื•ึผื›ึฐืคึทื˜ึผึดื™ืฉื ื™ึฐืคึนืฆึตืฅ ืกึธืœึทืข". ื•ื“ืจืฉื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื: "ืžื” ืคื˜ื™ืฉ ื–ื” ื ื—ืœืง ืœื›ืžื” ื ื™ืฆื•ืฆื•ืช - ืืฃ ื›ืœ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื™ืฆื ืžืคื™ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ื ื—ืœืง ืœืฉื‘ืขื™ื ืœืฉื•ื ื•ืช" (ืฉื‘ืช ืคื—, ื‘). "ืžื” ืคื˜ื™ืฉ ื–ื” ืžืชื—ืœืง ืœื›ืžื” ื ื™ืฆื•ืฆื•ืช - ืืฃ ืžืงืจื ืื—ื“ ื™ื•ืฆื ืœื›ืžื” ื˜ืขืžื™ื" (ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืœื“, ื). ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืžืจื• ืขืœ ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœืœ ื•ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืžืื™, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ืฉื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื - "ืืœื• ื•ืืœื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืŸ" (ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื’, ื‘).
ื”ื”ืฉืœืžื” ื”ื”ื“ื“ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืื“ื, ื”ื™ื ื”ื”ืฉืœืžื” ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ื›ืจ ื•ื”ื ืงื‘ื”, ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ืื“ื ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืืช ืฆืœื ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ื ืฉื‘ื• ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืฉืœืžื•ืชื•. ื•ืœื ืจืง ื‘ืื“ื, ืืœื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื”, ืžื”ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ื•ืขื“ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”, ื™ืฉื ื” ื—ืœื•ืงื” ืœื–ื›ืจ ื•ืœื ืงื‘ื”, ื•ื›ืœ ืžื™ืŸ ืœื‘ื“ื• ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ื•ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืœื ื”ื”ืฉืœืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™. ื™ืกื•ื“ ื–ื” ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ื‘ื—ื›ืžืช ื”ืงื‘ืœื”. ื•ื–ื”ื• ืฉืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืืœืขื–ืจ (ื™ื‘ืžื•ืช ืกื’, ื): "ื›ืœ ืื“ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืืฉื” ืื™ื ื• ืื“ื", ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื”, ื‘): "ื–ึธื›ึธืจ ื•ึผื ึฐืงึตื‘ึธื” ื‘ึผึฐืจึธืึธื ื•ึทื™ึฐื‘ึธืจึถืšึฐ ืึนืชึธื ื•ึทื™ึผึดืงึฐืจึธื ืึถืช ืฉืึฐืžึธื ืึธื“ึธื". ื•ืขื•ื“ ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื (ื™ื‘ืžื•ืช ืกื‘, ื‘): "ื›ืœ ืื“ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืืฉื”, ืฉืจื•ื™ ื‘ืœื ืฉืžื—ื”, ื‘ืœื ื‘ืจื›ื”, ื‘ืœื ื˜ื•ื‘ื”... ื‘ืœื ืชื•ืจื”, ื‘ืœื ื—ื•ืžื”".
ื›ืฉื ืฉื”ืฉื•ื ื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ื›ืจ ื•ื”ื ืงื‘ื” ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื ืœื”ืชื—ืชืŸ ื•ืœื”ื•ืœื™ื“ ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ื›ืš ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื•ื”ื ืคืฉื™ ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื ืœื”ืชืื—ื“, ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ื•ืœื”ืคืจื•ืช ื–ื” ืืช ื–ื” ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช.
ืขืœ ืคื™ ื–ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืขื˜ ืืช ื”ื˜ืขื ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื”ื”ืœื›ืชื™ื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื ืฉื™ื.

ื‘ - ื˜ืขื ืฉื ืฉื™ื ืคื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ืžืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืขืฉื” ืฉื”ื–ืžืŸ ื’ืจืžืŸ
ื”ื˜ืขื ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื•ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ, ืœื›ืš ืฉื ืฉื™ื ืคื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ืžืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืขืฉื” ืฉื”ื–ืžืŸ ื’ืจืžืŸ, ื”ื•ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืžืœื ืืช ื™ืขื•ื“ืŸ - ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™. ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžื•ื˜ืœืช ืขืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื, ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื•ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”, ืฉืขืœื™ื” ืžื•ืฉืชืช ืขืชื™ื“ื ื• ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ื•ื”ืœืื•ืžื™. ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื–ื• ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืžื˜ื‘ืข ื‘ืจื™ืืชืŸ, ืฉื”ืŸ ื™ื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื•ืžื™ื ื™ืงื•ืช; ื•ื’ื ืžืื•ืคื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืฉื™ ื•ื”ืื™ืžื”ื™, ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืกื’ื•ืœื•ืช ืžืชืื™ืžื•ืช ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื•ื˜ื™ืคื•ื—ื”. ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื•ืœื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ื”ืชืžืกืจื•ืช ืฉื ืžืฉื›ืช ื›ืœ ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื ื•ื”ืœื™ืœื”, ื•ืื ืชื•ื˜ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืœืงื™ื•ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื”ื–ืžืŸ ื’ืจืžืŸ, ื”ืชื•ื‘ืขื•ืช ืžื”ืื“ื ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื• ื”ืฉื•ื˜ืคืช ื•ืœืงื™ื™ืžืŸ, ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื˜ืคืœ ื›ืจืื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ืชืŸ (ืขืค"ื™ ืื‘ื•ื“ืจื”ื ื•ืกืคืจ ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื ืชืชืจื™ื).
ืืคืฉืจ ืœืคืจืฉ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื–ื• ื’ื ืืช ื”ื˜ืขื ืœื›ืš ืฉื ืฉื™ื ืคื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ืžืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื”. ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื“ื•ืจืฉ ื”ืชืžืกืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื”, ื”ืŸ ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ื”ื ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืงื ื™ื™ืช ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“, ื•ื”ืŸ ืื—"ื› ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉืขื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื•ืื ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื”, ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืชืžืกืจ ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”. ืืžื ื ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื’ื ื ืฉื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื“ืจื›ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืื•ืœื ืื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ืงืจื ื™ ื•ื“ืงื“ืงื ื™ ืœืฉื ื”ืขืžืงื” ืชื™ืื•ืจื˜ื™ืช. ื‘ื›ืš ื”ื•ืกืจ ืžื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืžืชื— ื”ืชืžื™ื“ื™ ืฉืžืœื•ื•ื” ืืช ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื, ืฉืžืฆื•ึผื•ื™ื ืœื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืืช ืขืฆืžื ืœื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืžืชืžื“ืช ื‘ื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”.
ืžื›ืืŸ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืขืจื›ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”, ืฉืœืžืขืŸ ื˜ื™ืคื•ื—ื”, ืคื˜ืจื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืžืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืขืฉื” ืฉื”ื–ืžืŸ ื’ืจืžืŸ.
ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ, ืฉืžืขืฆื ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉื ืฉื™ื ืคื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ืžืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื”ื–ืžืŸ ื’ืจืžืŸ, ืžืฉืžืข ืฉืžื˜ื‘ืข ื‘ืจื™ืืชืŸ ื”ืŸ ืคื—ื•ืช ื ื–ืงืงื•ืช ืœื”ืŸ, ื•ื’ื ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ื”ืŸ ื”ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืฉืœืžื•ืชืŸ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช (ื›ืคื™ ืฉื™ืชื‘ืืจ ืœื”ืœืŸ ื”ืœื›ื” ื”', ื•ืขื™' ื™ืœืงื•ื˜ ืฉืžืขื•ื ื™ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืข"ื—). ืขืœ ืคื™ ื–ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ, ืฉื’ื ืืฉื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ื” ืขื•ืœ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ ืคื˜ื•ืจื” ืžืŸ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•.

ื’ - ืฉื›ืœ ื•ืจื’ืฉ
ืžื•ืจื ื• ื•ืจื‘ื ื• ื”ืจื‘ ืฆื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืงื•ืง ื–ืฆ"ืœ, ื”ื™ื” ืจื’ื™ืœ ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื›ืœืœ, ืฉื”ืื™ืฉ ื•ื”ืืฉื” ืฉื•ื•ื™ื. ืืœื ืฉืœืื—ืจ ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ื›ืœืœ ื”ืขืงืจื•ื ื™, ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ืžื“ ืขืœ ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื™ืฉ ืœืืฉื”, "ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ืจื’ืฉ ืืฆืœ ื”ืื™ืฉ. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืฆื“ ื”ืจื’ืฉ ืฉื‘ืื“ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ื‘ืœื˜ ืืฆืœ ื”ืืฉื”" (ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืจืฆื™"ื” ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืž' 413). ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื’ื ืœื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ืฉ ืจื’ืฉ ื•ื’ื ืœื ืฉื™ื ื™ืฉ ืฉื›ืœ, ืืœื ืฉื›ื›ืœืœ ื ื˜ื™ื™ืช ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืœ ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืœ ื”ืจื’ืฉ. ืขืžื“ื” ื–ื• ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืžืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ื— ื•ื”ื ืคืฉ, ืžื”ื ื™ื•ืฆื ืฉื™ืฉ ืฉื ื™ ืกื•ื’ื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืœื’ื ืฆื™ื”, ืฉื›ืœื™ืช (IQ), ื•ืจื’ืฉื™ืช (EQ).
ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื–ื”, ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™, ืคืขื™ืœ, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ืืฉื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืคืกื™ื‘ื™ืช, ื ืคืขืœืช. ืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืฉื›ืœ ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืžืกืงื ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืฆืจ ื•ื‘ื•ื ื”, ื•ืื™ืœื• ืชื›ื•ื ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื’ืฉ ืฉื”ื•ื ืงื•ืœื˜ ืจืฉืžื™ื ืžื”ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืฉืžืกื‘ื™ื‘, ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื–ื ืื•ืชื ืืœื ืžืชืจืฉื ืžื”ื. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืื ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ื‘ื”ื’ื“ืจื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื—ื›ืžื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื, ื›ื™ ื”ืื™ืฉ ื ื•ื˜ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ื•ื”ืืฉื” ื ื•ื˜ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืงื‘ืœ.
ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืชื™ ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•, ืฉืžืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช ื–ื• ืืช ื–ื•, ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจ ื‘ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™, ืœื”ืชื’ื“ืœ ื‘ืืžื•ื ื”, ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืœืชืงืŸ ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉื“-ื™.
ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืžื ืชื— ื•ื”ืžื’ื“ื™ืจ, ืื ื• ืงื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืืช ื”ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœืคื™ื”ื ืžื•ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื ื•. ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืจื’ืฉ ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™, ื”ื—ื™, ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงืœื•ื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืชื•ืจื”.
ื‘ืกืขื™ืคื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืื ืกื” ื‘ืขื–"ื” ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื‘ืืจ ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืขืœ ืคื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืžืจืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืฆ"ืœ ื•ื‘ื ื• ืžื•"ืจ ื”ืจื‘ ืฆื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื–ืฆ"ืœ. 1

ื“ - ืžืขืœืช ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืฉื›ืœ
ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื•ื ื”ืžื™ื™ื—ื“ ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืžื›ืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืื“ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื—ืงื•ืจ, ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืกืงื ื•ืช, ืœืชื›ื ืŸ ืืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื• ื•ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืฉืชืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื”, ืœื”ืชืืจื’ืŸ ื›ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื”ื™ืฉื’ื™ื ืขืฆื•ืžื™ื. ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื•ื ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืื“ื ื•ืืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”. ืขืœ ื™ื“ื• ื ืงื‘ืขื™ื ื”ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช, ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช, ืฉืขืœื™ื”ื ืžื•ืฉืชืชื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ื™ื. ืžืฆื“ ื–ื” ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื•ื ื›ืœืœื™. ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ืจื’ืฉ ื”ื•ื ืคืจื˜ื™, ื›ืคื™ ื”ื”ืชืจืฉืžื•ืช ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช, ื•ืœื ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื›ืœืœื™ื ื•ื”ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื. ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื›ืœ ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืงื‘ื•ืขื”, ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ืื•ืชื ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื ืงืœื˜ื™ื ื‘ืจื’ืฉ ื”ืจื™ ื”ื ืžืชืคืฆืœื™ื ืœืื™ืŸ ืกืคื•ืจ ื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื, ืœืคื™ ืชื›ื•ื ืชื• ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื“ื, ื•ืืฃ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืื“ื ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื ืงืœื˜ื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœืคื™ ืžืฆื‘ ืจื•ื—ื• ื”ืžืฉืชื ื”.
ืขืœ ืคื™ ื–ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืžืขืœืชื” ืฉืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฉื›ืœ. ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืžื“ื•ืงื“ืง ื•ื”ื—ืงืจื ื™, ืžืชื‘ืกืกืช ื”ืชืคื™ืฉื” ื”ืฉื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื ื™ืช, ืฉืขืœ ืคื™ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื ื”ื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืœืชืงื ื•. ื–ื” ื’ื ืขื ื™ื™ื ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืขืฉื” ืฉื”ื–ืžืŸ ื’ืจืžืŸ, ืฉื”ืŸ ืžืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื ืก ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืžื•ืงื“ ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื, ืฉืœืื•ืจื ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื™ืœืš. ืงืจื™ืืช ืฉืžืข, ืœืžืฉืœ, ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื” ืืช ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืืžื•ื ื”; ื”ืฆื™ืฆื™ืช ืฉืžืฆื•ื•ืชื” ื‘ื™ื•ื, ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื” ื“ืจืš ื”ื‘ื’ื“ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื•ืžืขื•ืจืจืช ืœื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืžื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข; ื•ื›ืš ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื”ื–ืžืŸ ื’ืจืžืŸ, ืžืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื ืก ืขืจื›ื™ื ืชื•ืจื ื™ื™ื, ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื•.
ืขืœ ืคื™ ื–ื” ืืคืฉืจ ื’ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ื ืชื•ื ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื - ืžืœื›ื™ื, ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ื, ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื, ืฉื•ื˜ืจื™ื ื•ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืฆื‘ื. ื•ื›ืŸ ืืžืจื• ื—ื–"ืœ: "ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ืืฉื” ื›ืฉืจื” ื‘ื ืฉื™ื ืืœื ืืฉื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืขื•ืฉื” ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืœื”" (ืืœื™ื”ื• ืจื‘ื” ื™; ื™ืœืงื•ื˜ ืฉืžืขื•ื ื™ ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ืžื‘).

ื” - ืžืขืœืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ืจื’ืฉ
ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ื”ืจื’ืฉ ื”ืžืงื‘ืœ ื•ื”ืžืชืจืฉื, ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœืงืœื•ื˜ ืืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื•ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช. ืžืฆื“ ื–ื” ื”ืืฉื” ืงืจื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™, ื•ืžืฆื“ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืœืœื™ืช. ืฉื›ืŸ ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื”ื•ืคืขื” ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช, ืฉืžื—ื™ื™ื” ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื ืžืฉื›ื•ืช ืื—"ื› ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ื”ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ืฉื›ืœ ืžื‘ืจืจ ื•ืžื’ื“ื™ืจ. ืžืขืœื” ื–ื• ืฉื‘ืืฉื” ื ืขื•ืฆื” ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจ ืฉืžืžื ื• ื ื•ืฆืจื”. ื”ืื“ื ื ื•ืฆืจ ืžื”ืขืคืจ, ื•ื”ืืฉื” ืžื—ื•ืžืจ ืžืขื•ื“ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ - ืžืฆืœืขื•. ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ืฉืžืžื ื• ื ื‘ืจืื” ื”ืืฉื” ืžืฉื•ื‘ื— ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืœืงืœื•ื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืช ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™. ื”ืื™ื ื˜ื•ืื™ืฆื™ื” ื”ื ืฉื™ืช ืงืจื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืืžื•ื ื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื’ื ื‘ืœื ื”ืชื™ื•ื•ืš ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจื™ื ืฉื›ืœื™ื™ื ืชื•ืจื ื™ื™ื, ื•ื‘ืœื ื”ืชื™ื•ื•ืš ืฉืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืžืžื•ืงื“ื•ืช ืฉื”ื–ืžืŸ ื’ืจืžืŸ, ื ืฉื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืžื•ืง ืœืชื•ืจื” ื•ืœืžื’ืžืชื”. ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื, ื ื–ืงืงื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืœืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื”ื–ืžืŸ ื’ืจืžืŸ, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ืกืก ื‘ืงืจื‘ื ืืช ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ืœืืžื•ื ื” ื•ืœืชื•ืจื”.
ื•ื›ืŸ ืื ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืื™ืจืขื• ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื ืชื’ืœืชื” ืžืขืœืชืŸ ื”ื™ืชื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื, ืฉื”ืŸ ืงื“ืžื• ืœื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจืชืŸ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืืžื•ื ื”. ื›ืคื™ ื”ื ืจืื”, ื”ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืฉื›ืœื™ ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ ืžืกืคื™ืง ืœืžืฆื‘ ืจื’ื™ืœ, ืื•ืœื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืืจ-ืจื•ื—, ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืžื•ื ื”, ื ืฆืจื›ื•ืช ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื•ืช. "ื“ืจืฉ ืจื‘ื™ ืขืงื™ื‘ื: ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื ืฉื™ื ืฆื“ืงื ื™ื•ืช ื™ืฆืื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืžืฆืจื™ื" (ื™ืœืงื•ื˜ ืฉืžืขื•ื ื™ ืชื”ืœื™ื ืชืฉืฆื”, ื•ืขื™' ืจืฉ"ื™ ืฉืžื•ืช ืœื—, ื—). ื‘ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืคื ื™ื™ื” ืืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืชื—ื™ืœื” (ืจืฉ"ื™ ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื˜, ื’, ืขืค"ื™ ื—ื–"ืœ). ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื—ืก ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” ื ืœืžื“ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืืฉื” (ืœื”ืœืŸ ื–, ื). ื•ืืฃ ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื›ืจืชืŸ ื”ืขืžื•ืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื (ืขื™' ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื™ื–, ื, ื•ืœื”ืœืŸ ื–, ื). ื•ื ืฉื™ื ืœื ื—ื˜ืื• ื‘ื—ื˜ื ื”ืขื’ืœ (ืคืจืงื™ ื“ืจื‘ื™ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžื”), ื•ื‘ื—ื˜ื ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื (ืชื ื—ื•ืžื ืคื ื—ืก ื–). ื•ืขืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ืืžืจื•: "ืื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื ื’ืืœื™ื ืืœื ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื ืฉื™ื ืฆื“ืงื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื“ื•ืจ" (ืžื“ืจืฉ ื–ื•ื˜ื ืจื•ืช ื“, ื™ื). 2
ืžืขืœืช ื”ืืฉื” ื‘ืื” ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื’ื ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ, ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื™ื ืžื‘ื•ื˜ืื™ื ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื ืงื‘ื”: ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช, ื ืคืœืื•ืช, ื ืฆื•ืจื•ืช, ื ืฉื’ื‘ื•ืช. ื’ื ื”ืืžื•ื ื”, ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”, ื”ืกื’ื•ืœื”, ื”ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช, ื”ื›ื”ื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืžืœื•ื›ื”, ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื ืงื‘ื”. ื•ื–ืืช ื›ืืžื•ืจ ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ื ืฉื™ ืงืจื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืืœื•ืงื™ื•ืช (ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืจืฆื™"ื” ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืขืž' 77). 3
ืื•ืชื” ืชื›ื•ื ื” ื”ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœืืฉื” ืœืงืœื•ื˜ ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™, ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื ืฉื™ื ืœืงืœื•ื˜ ืืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื™ื ื•ืœืžืžืฉ ืื•ืชื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื. ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืžืžืฉื• ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื. ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื”ื•ื•ืœื“ ืืฆืœ ื”ื’ื‘ืจ, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืืฉื” ืžืคืชื—ืช ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืจื—ืžื”, ืžื•ืœื™ื“ื” ื•ืžื ื™ืงื” ื•ืžื’ื“ืœืช ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ. ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืŸ ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืช, ื•ื”ืŸ ืืœื” ืฉื–ื•ื›ื•ืช ืœืขืกื•ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืื™ื“ื™ืืœ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”.

ื• - ืกื“ืจ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ืžืขืœื•ืช
ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ืจื” ื‘ืขืจื›ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืชืœืžื•ื“ื”, ื•ื‘ืขืจื›ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื”ื–ืžืŸ ื’ืจืžืŸ, ืฉื”ืŸ ืžืื™ืจื•ืช ืืช ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ื. ืชืคืงื™ื“ื ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจืื™ื ืขืœ ืฉืžื™ืจืช ื”ืขืจื›ื™ื ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•, ื•ืœื”ื›ืจื™ื– ืขืœื™ื”ื ื‘ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ ื‘ื–ืžื ื™ื ืงื‘ื•ืขื™ื, ื›ืคื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื”ื›ืจื” ื‘ืขืจืš ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืืช ื”ืื•ืจ ืฉื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืืœ ื›ืœ ืจื‘ื“ื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื.
ื‘ืžื‘ื˜ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื ืจืื” ืžืขืžื“ื ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืžืžืขืžื“ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื, ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ื•ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืžืงื‘ืœื•ืช ื•ืžื•ืฉืคืขื•ืช. ืื•ืœื ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืžืชื‘ื•ื ื ื™ื ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ืืจื•ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื›ืš ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื”ื ืฉื™ืช ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ื’ื•ื‘ืจืช. ื•ื›ืš ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื—ื–"ืœ (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืจื‘ื” ื™ื–, ื–): "ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ื—ืกื™ื“ ืื—ื“ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื ืฉื•ื™ ืœื—ืกื™ื“ื” ืื—ืช, ื•ืœื ื”ืขืžื™ื“ื• ื‘ื ื™ื ื–ื” ืžื–ื”. ืืžืจื•: ืื™ืŸ ืื ื• ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ืงื‘"ื” ื›ืœื•ื. ืขืžื“ื• ื•ื’ืจืฉื• ื–ื” ืืช ื–ื”. ื”ืœืš ื–ื” ื•ื ืฉื ืจืฉืขื” ืื—ืช ื•ืขืฉืชื” ืื•ืชื• ืจืฉืข, ื”ืœื›ื” ื–ืืช ื•ื ื™ืฉืืช ืœืจืฉืข ืื—ื“ ื•ืขืฉืชื” ืื•ืชื• ืฆื“ื™ืง, ื”ื•ื™ ืฉื”ื›ืœ ืžืŸ ื”ืืฉื”".
ื”ืื™ืฉ ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฆื“ื“ื™ื• ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ื™ื, ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช, ืื•ืœื ื”ืืฉื” ื‘ื•ืœื˜ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืงืœื™ื˜ืชื” ืืช ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™; ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืืข"ืค ืฉื”ื‘ืขืœ ืžืฆื•ึผื•ื” ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืืช ื”ืขืจื›ื™ื, ื”ื™ื—ืก ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ืืœื™ื”ื ืžื•ืฉืคืข ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืืฉื”, ื•ืฆื“ืงื ื•ืชื” ืื• ืœื”ื™ืคืš ืจืฉืขื•ืชื”, ืžืงืจื™ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื‘ืขืœื”. ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ืืจื•ืš, ื”ื™ื—ืก ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ืœืืžื•ื ื”, ืžืฉืคื™ืข ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื”ืืฉื” ืฆื“ืงืช, ื•ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื, ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื’ื ื‘ืขืœื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฆื“ื™ืง; ื•ืื ื”ื™ื ืžืจืฉืขืช, ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื’ื ื‘ืขืœื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืจืฉืข.
ื•ื›ืš ืจืžื•ื– ื‘ื—ื›ืžืช ื”ื ืกืชืจ, ืฉื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืžืชื’ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืขืœืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื‘ืจ, ืื•ืœื ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ืชืชื’ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืขืœืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืืฉื”, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืจืžื•ื– ื‘ืคืกื•ืง (ื™ืจืžื™ื”ื• ืœื, ื›ื): "ื›ึผึดื™ ื‘ึธืจึธื ื”' ื—ึฒื“ึธืฉืึธื” ื‘ึผึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื ึฐืงึตื‘ึธื” ืชึผึฐืกื•ึนื‘ึตื‘ ื’ึผึธื‘ึถืจ". ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”, ืžื‘ื˜ื ื• ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžืขืœืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ืœื•ืžื“ ื•ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืžืžืขืœืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืืฉื”. ืื•ืœื ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื, ื”ืžื‘ื˜ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืžื•ืง, ื•ืื– ืชืชื’ืœื” ืžืขืœืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืงืœื™ื˜ื” ื”ืื™ื ื˜ื•ืื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช, ืขื“ ืฉืžืขืžื“ ื”ืื™ืฉ ื•ื”ืืฉื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ื•ื”. ื•ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื, ืชืชื’ืœื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžืขืœืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืงืœื™ื˜ื” ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ืช, ืขื“ ืฉืžืขืžื“ ื”ืืฉื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืžืžืขืžื“ ื”ืื™ืฉ. ื•ืืžื ื ื’ื ืื– ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื•ื ื•ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื•ื‘ื”ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ืฉื›ืœื™ื•ืช, ืืœื ืฉื”ืงืœื™ื˜ื” ื”ืจื’ืฉื™ืช, ื”ื ืฉื™ืช, ืชื”ื™ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.
ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืœืื—ืจ ื—ื˜ื ืื“ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื•ื›ื ื™ืกืชื• ืฉืœ ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืื“ื, ืงืฉื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ื•ืื™ืฆื™ื” ื•ืขืœ ื”ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื, ื•ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ื”ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข ื ืขืฉื™ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื“ืจื›ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื›ืœ, ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืจื’ืฉ ื•ืœื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื•. ืื•ืœื ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื ื™ืชื•ืงืŸ, ื•ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืžื•ืกืจ ื™ื”ื™ื• ื ื—ืœืช ื”ื›ืœ, ื›ืš ื™ื”ื™ื” ืคื—ื•ืช ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉืžื ื”ืจื’ืฉ ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื™ืชืคืจืฅ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื•ื˜ืขื” ื•ื”ืจืกื ื™, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ื”ืžืขืฆื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื’ืฉ ื™ื•ืกืจื•, ื•ืžืขืœืชื• ืชืชื’ืœื”, ื•ืขื™ืžื• ืžืขืœืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืืฉื”.
ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื ืจื—ื•ืง ืžืืชื ื• ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžืฉืคื™ืข ื›ืœืœ ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ื•, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื’ื ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ื ื’ื ื•ื– ื‘ืขื•ืžืง ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืชื™ื ื•. ื”ื ืคืฉ ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”, ื”ืจื•ื— ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื•ื, ื•ื”ื ืฉืžื” ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื’ื ื”ื™ื•ื, ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืžืขืžื™ืงื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืจื•ืื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืช ื”ืฉืคืขืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืืฉื”. ืื•ืœื ื”ืกื“ืจ ื”ื•ื ืฉืžืชื•ืš ื”ืขื ื•ื•ืชื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืืฉื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืžืขืœืช ื”ืื™ืฉ ื•ื”ืฉืคืขืชื•, ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ื”ืื™ืฉื” ืœื’ืœื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืช ืžืขืœืชื”.
ืขื•ื“ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืืจื™ืš ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื”, ืืš ืœื ื›ืืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ื. ืจืง ื ืจืžื•ื– ื‘ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ, ืฉื’ื ื”ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ืžื” ื”ืžืฉืคื™ืขื” ืœืœื‘ื ื” ื”ืžืงื‘ืœืช, ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื™ื—ืก ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื–ื›ืจ ืœื ืงื‘ื”. ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื• ืฉื ื™ื”ื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื, ื•ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื’ืื•ื•ืชื ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืœื‘ื ื” ื ืชืžืขื˜ื”. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืืžืช ื‘ืขื•ืžืง ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืขืœืชื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”, ืฉื”ื™ื ืงื•ืœื˜ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืืจื” ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”. ื•ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื•ื”ืืจืฅ, ืฉื‘ืžื‘ื˜ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื ืขืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ื‘ืžื‘ื˜ ืฉื ื™ ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืืจืฅ, ื•ืกื•ืฃ ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืชื—ื™ืœื”. ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื—ืก ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ื˜ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ืฉื‘ื˜ ื™ื•ืกืฃ, ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืžื•ืœืš, ืื•ืœื ื”ื‘ืŸ ื”ื™ืงืจ ื•ื”ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืกืฃ, ืฉื”ื™ื” ื™ืคื” ื›ืืฉื”, ื•ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื• ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ื ื”ื ืฉื’ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”, ื‘ื™ื•ืคื™ ื•ื‘ืขื•ืฉืจ.

ื– - ื”ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื•ื”ืื”ื‘ื”
ื‘ื›ืœ ืชื›ื•ื ื” ืœื‘ื“ื” ื™ืฉื ื• ื—ืกืจื•ืŸ. ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืงืจ ื•ื”ืžื’ื“ื™ืจ ืขืœื•ืœ ืœืื‘ื“ ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ืืœ ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™. ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืจื•ื‘ ืขื™ืกื•ืง ื‘ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื›ืœืœื™ื ื”ื•ื ืขืœื•ืœ ืœืื‘ื“ ืืช ื”ืžื’ืข ืขื ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืžืฉื™ื™ื. ื•ืžื ื’ื“, ื”ืื™ื ื˜ื•ืื™ืฆื™ื” ื”ืจื’ืฉื™ืช, ื‘ื‘ื•ืื” ืœืืจื’ืŸ ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ืกื—ืฃ ื•ืœื˜ืขื•ืช, ืœืงืœืงืœ ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื•ืœืกื˜ื•ืช ืžื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื“ื•ื™ืง.
ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ื ืžืกืจื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื ื•ื”ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ืจื™ื, ืฉื ืฆื˜ื•ื• ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืขืฉื” ืฉื”ื–ืžืŸ ื’ืจืžืŸ, ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื™ื. ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืžื’ืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืœืืžื•ื ื” ื•ืœื—ื™ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืžืžืฉื™ื™ื, ื•ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื–ืืช ื’ื ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืชืงืฉืจื™ื ืืœ ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื•ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืช ื”ืขืจืš ืฉืœ ื”ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื™ื.
ื‘ื’ืœื•ื™ ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ืžืฆื“ ืžืขืœืชื ื–ื›ื• ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืขืฉื” ืฉื”ื–ืžืŸ ื’ืจืžืŸ, ื•ืžื›ื•ื— ื–ื” ื”ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ื•ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืžืกื•ืจื” ืœื’ื‘ืจื™ื. ืฉื›ืŸ ืžื™ ืฉืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื ื”ื™ื’ ื•ืœื”ื“ืจื™ืš. ืื•ืœื ื‘ืžื‘ื˜ ืขืžื•ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื ืจืื” ืฉืขืจื›ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืืžื ื ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื”ื ื”ื’ื”, ืื•ืœื ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”, ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื, ื ืชื•ื ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืืฉื”. ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื”ื™ื ืœืงืœื•ื˜ ืืช ื”ื”ืืจื” ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืžืฉื™ื™ื ื•ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืžืœื ื”ืขื•ืฆืžื”, ื•ืœื›ืš ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื–ื•ื›ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ.
ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืขื ื•ื•ื” ืฉื‘ืืฉื”, ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื” ืœืงืœื•ื˜ ืืช ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™, ื•ืœืงืœื•ื˜ ืืช ื”ื”ืืจื” ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืžืชืœืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืขืฉื” ืฉื”ื–ืžืŸ ื’ืจืžืŸ, ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืืช ืžืขืœื•ืชื™ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœื ืžืงืจื” ื”ื•ื, ืฉืžืขืœืช ื”ื’ื‘ืจ ื ื™ื›ืจืช ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ืื™ืœื• ืžืขืœืช ื”ืืฉื” ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ื•ื ืกืชืจืช. "ื›ืœ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืช ืžืœืš ืคื ื™ืžื”" (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืžื”, ื™ื“). ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ื” ื’ื ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื‘ืจื›ืช 'ืฉืขืฉื ื™ ื›ืจืฆื•ื ื•' (ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื•, ื‘).
ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื˜ืฉื˜ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืžื™ืŸ, ืื• ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžืื‘ืง ื•ืขื•ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ื”ืคืจื™ื” ื”ื“ื“ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื™ืฉ ืœืืฉื”, ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ืžืชืงืฉื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืช ืžืฉืคื—ืชื, ื•ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืžืชืคืจืงื•ืช ื•ื ื”ืจืกื•ืช.
ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขืจืš ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืžื™ืŸ, ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืื”ื‘ื” ื™ืชื™ืจื”, ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ืฉื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ (ืกื•ื˜ื” ื™ื–, ื), ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ืžืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื•ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืฉื›ืœื™ ื•ื”ืจื’ืฉื™ ืžืชืคืชื—ื™ื ื•ืžืชืื—ื“ื™ื. ื•ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ื ื‘ื ื”, ื•ืžืกืคืจ ืชื”ื™ืœืช ื”' ืื—ื“ ื‘ืขื•ืœื.

ื— - ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ืžื•ืœ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ืฉื‘ืชืคื™ืœื”
ืขืœ ืคื™ ืžื” ืฉืœืžื“ื ื• ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืชืคื™ืœืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื. ืฉื ื™ ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื”, ื”ืื—ื“ ืื™ืฉื™ ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ ื›ืœืœื™. ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ืคื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ืืœ ืžืงื•ืจ ื—ื™ื™ื•, ืืœ ื”' ืืœื•ื”ื™ื•, ื•ื‘ืงืฉืช ื”ืจื—ืžื™ื ืžืœืคื ื™ื•. ื•ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ื ื•ืขื“ ืœืชืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืœืงืฉืจ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืข ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืงื‘"ื”, ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืœืงื“ืฉ ืืช ืฉืžื• ืฉืœ ื”' ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื•ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื‘ืจื›ื” ืœื ื‘ืจืื™ื. ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืฉืš ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ื ืชืงื ื• ื›ื ื’ื“ ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ืชืžื™ื“ ืฉื”ื™ื• ืงืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื•ื‘ืขืจื‘ ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื—.
ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื™ืฉื ื• ืžืชื— ืžืกื•ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ืœื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืื™ืฉื™, ืžืฆื“ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ื”ื™ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืœืชืคื™ืœื” ืฉืชืฉืชืคืš ืžืŸ ื”ืœื‘ ื‘ืœื ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช, ื‘ืœื™ ื ื•ืกื— ื•ื‘ืœื™ ื–ืžื ื™ื ืงื‘ื•ืขื™ื, ืฉืื– ื”ื™ื ืชื‘ื˜ื ื‘ื—ื•ื ื•ื‘ืจื’ืฉ ืืช ื”ื›ื™ืกื•ืคื™ื ื•ื”ื›ืžื™ื”ื” ืœืงืจื‘ืช ืืœื•ื”ื™ื. ื•ื›ืš ื ื”ื’ื• ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ. ืื•ืœื ืื ืฉื™ ื›ื ืกืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉื• ื‘ืชืงื ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื›ืœืœื™, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ื• ืฉื‘ืœื ืกื“ืจ ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ืงื‘ื•ืข, ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืฉืงืขื• ื‘ืฉื’ืจืช ื™ื•ืžื ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืชืคื™ืœื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืœื ื™ืชืคืœืœื•. ื•ืœื ื–ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืืœื ืฉืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื™ืฉ ื‘ืจื’ืฉ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืคื’ืžื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉืื“ื ืžืชืคืœืœ ืขื ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ืžื›ื•ื— ื”ื›ืœืœ, ืžืชืžืœืื™ื ื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืชืคื™ืœืชื• ื ืขืฉื™ืช ืฉืœื™ืžื”. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืชืงื ื• ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ื–ืžื ื™ื ืงื‘ื•ืขื™ื ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ืงืจื‘ืช ื”ืชืžื™ื“ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ. ื•ืชืงื ื• ืœืชืคื™ืœื” ื ื•ืกื— ืžื“ื•ื™ืง, ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขืจื›ื™ื ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืœื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ืชืงื ื• ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ื, ื•ืชืงื ื• ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื•ื‘ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืฉื–ื”ื• ืขื™ืงืจ ืžืขืœืชื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืืช ืฉืžื• ืฉืœ ื”' ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื•ืœืชืงื ื•.
ืืœื ืฉื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ื“ื’ืฉืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืงื‘ื•ืขื™ื ืฉื‘ืชืคื™ืœื”, ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ืขื ื”ืจื’ืฉ ื”ื—ื ื•ื”ืขื– ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื“ื—ืง. ื•ืขืœ ื–ื” ื”ื–ื”ื™ืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ: "ืืœ ืชืขืฉ ืชืคื™ืœืชืš ืงื‘ืข ืืœื ืจื—ืžื™ื ื•ืชื—ื ื•ื ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื" (ืื‘ื•ืช ื‘, ื™ื’). ื•ื›ืŸ ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ: "ื”ืขื•ืฉื” ืชืคื™ืœืชื• ืงื‘ืข ืื™ืŸ ืชืคื™ืœืชื• ืชื—ื ื•ื ื™ื" (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื›ื—, ื‘).
ื•ืืข"ืค ื›ืŸ ืชืงื ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ื™ื“ื• ืืช ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื. ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื–ื• ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืฉืš ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ืื• ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• ืœื”', ื›ืš ื”ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ื ื•ืชื ื•ืช ืœื›ืš ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ืืฃ ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ื”ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืช, ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช ืœืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™. ื•ืืฃ ืฉื”ืจื’ืฉ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื“ื—ืง ืขืงื‘ ื›ืš, ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžืกื•ื“ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื•ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื”ื™ื ืขืฆื•ืžื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืขื“ื™ืคื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” (ื™ืขื•ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืขื™ืœ ื, ื—). 4

ื˜ - ืชืคื™ืœืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื
ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืื™ืฉื™. ืฉื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื”ืืฉื” ืคื˜ื•ืจื” ืžื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ, ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืื™ื ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื“ื–ืžืจื” ื•ืงืจื™ืืช ืฉืžืข ื•ื‘ืจื›ื•ืชื™ื”, ื•ื›ืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื”. ืืžื ื ื’ื ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ื ื•ืกื— ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืขืฉืจื”, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืชืงื ื• ืื ืฉื™ ื›ื ืกืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ืืœื ืฉื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ืกื“ืจ ืชืคื™ืœืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœื”ืŸ ืงืฆืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืžืžื™ืœื ื™ืฉ ืคื—ื•ืช ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉื”ืฉื’ืจื” ืชืฉืื—ืง ืืช ื›ื•ื•ื ืชืŸ. ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื’ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืชืคื™ืœืช ืขืžื™ื“ื”, ืจืฉืื™ืช ื›ืœ ืืฉื” ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืื ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืฉืชื™ ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ื›ื“ืขืช ื”ืžื—ืžื™ืจื™ื ืื• ืชืคื™ืœื” ืื—ืช ื›ื“ืขืช ื”ืžืงื™ืœื™ื (ืœืขื™ืœ ื‘, ื”).
ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืืฉื” ืื™ื ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื•ื‘ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืžืžื™ืœื ื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืืช ืชืคื™ืœืชื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืชืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ื›ืŸ ืงืฆื‘ ืชืคื™ืœืชื” ืื™ื ื• ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืงืฆื‘ ืชืคื™ืœืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ. ืžื›ืœ ื–ื” ื™ื•ืฆื ืฉื‘ืชืคื™ืœืช ื”ืืฉื” ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฆื“ ื”ืชื—ื ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืื™ืฉื™. ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ืœื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืชืงื ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืื• ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื•ื™ืฆืื• ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืชื ื‘ื—ื–ืจืช ื”ืฉ"ืฅ, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื ืฉื™ื ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ื™ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืื™ื ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืืช ื—ื–ืจืช ื”ืฉ"ืฅ. ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื›ืš, ืฉืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื˜ืจื™ื— ืืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื–ื”. ืื•ืœื ืืคืฉืจ ื’ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื‘ืชืคื™ืœืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื•ืœื˜ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืœื‘ ื•ืคื—ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื“ืงื“ืงื ื™ืช, ื•ืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ื” ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ื ื•ืกื— ื”ืžืกื•ื“ืจ, ืชืชืคืœืœ ื‘ืœืฉื•ื ื” ื›ืคื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื”. ื›ื™ ื”ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ื•ื ื‘ืงืฉืช ื”ืจื—ืžื™ื ืžืœืคื ื™ื•. 5



^ 1.. ืœื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ื™ืขื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืจืฆื™"ื” ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืขืž' 77-78; ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืž' 411-416; ืฉื™ื—ื” 9 - ืื™ืฉ ื•ืืฉื”; ืขื•ืœืช ืจืื™ื” ื—"ื ืขืž' ืขื-ืขื‘; ืขื™ืŸ ืื™ื” ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืค"ื– ืžื•. ื•ืข"ืข ืฉื‘ืช ืœื’, ื‘; ืชื ื—ื•ืžื ื•ื™ืจื ื›ื‘; ื‘"ืž ื ื˜, ื; ื ื“ื” ืžื”, ื‘.
^ 2.. ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืžืฆื“ ื”ืžืขืœื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ื”ืฉื›ืœื™ืช, ื”ืื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืœืœื™. ื•ืžืฆื“ ืงืœื™ื˜ืช ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ ื•ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื”ื‘ืื” ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ื•ืื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช, ื”ืืฉื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืœืœื™ืช. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืืฉื” ืงื•ืœื˜ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืช ื”ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื.
^ 3.. ืื•ืœื™ ืœื›ืŸ ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืœืœ ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ืžืกื•ืจืช ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ื ืืžืจ (ืžืฉืœื™ ื, ื—): "ืึทืœ ืชึผึดื˜ึผึนืฉื ืชึผื•ึนืจึทืช ืึดืžึผึถืšึธ", ืฉื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ื•ื ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ืขื ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื•ืชื•ืจืชื•, ืชื›ื•ื ื” ืฉื‘ื•ืœื˜ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืฆืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ื”ื“ืจื›ืช ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ืžืžื•ืงื“ืช ืœื”ื“ืจื›ื•ืช ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื•ืช ื•ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช, ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืฉื” ืœืื“ื ืœื”ื–ื“ื”ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช ืขื ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืžื’ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืฆืžืฆืžื•ืช, ื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ืฆื“ ืžื™ื™ืกืจ - "ืฉืึฐืžึทืข ื‘ึผึฐื ึดื™ ืžื•ึผืกึทืจ ืึธื‘ึดื™ืšึธ".
^ 4.. ื‘ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื”ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืชืืžืฆื• ืœืžืฆื•ื ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืœืชืคื™ืœื” ืืช ื”ืจื’ืฉ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ื•ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืฉื ื“ื—ืงื• ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ื”ื“ื’ืฉื” ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช, ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืืฃ ื•ื•ื™ืชืจื• ืœืฉื ื›ืš ืขืœ ื“ืงื“ื•ืงื™ ื”ืœื›ื”. ื™ืฉ ืฉื”ื•ืกื™ืคื• ื ื™ื’ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื”, ื•ื‘ื–ื” ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ืœื›ืชื™ืช. ื™ืฉ ืฉื”ื™ื• ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืขืœ ืžื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ืขื“ ืฉื”ืจื’ื™ืฉื• ืฉื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื• ืžืกืคื™ืง, ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื›ืš ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ืœื›ืชื™ืช. ื™ืฉ ืฉื”ื™ื• ืฆื•ืขืงื™ื ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื”, ื•ืืฃ ื–ื” ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื”ื“ืจื›ืช ื—ื›ืžื™ื. ื™ืฉ ืฉืื™ื—ืจื• ืืช ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืขื“ ืฉื”ืจื’ื™ืฉื• ืฉื”ื ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื›ืจืื•ื™, ืืš ืื ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื ืขื‘ืจ ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”, ื–ื” ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ื’ืžื•ืจ ืœื”ืœื›ื”. ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื•ืจืจ ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” (ืขื™' ืขืœ ืขืจืš ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื‘ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืคื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืœื›ื”, ืชืคื™ืœื”, ืค"ื‘ ืกืขื™ืคื™ื: ื, ื‘, ื”). ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื–ืืช ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื” ื›ื ื’ื“ื ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช. ืืš ื”ื ืกื‘ืจื• ืฉื›ืœ ื›ืš ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืขื•ืจืจ ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช, ืขื“ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ืœืฉื ื›ืš ืขืœ ื“ืงื“ื•ืงื™ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช. ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืžื” ื“ื•ืจื•ืช, ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื ื—ื–ืจื• ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ื›ืžืกื•ืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ.
^ 5.. ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืœืคื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื’ื ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืจื—ืžื™ื ืขืœ ืขืฆืžืŸ. ื•ื’ื ืœืคื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื, ื™ืฉ ื’ื•ืจืกื™ื ื‘ื’ืž' ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื’ื ื”ืŸ ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืจื—ืžื™ื. ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ืชืงื ื•ืช ืฉืชืงื ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืœื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืฆื“ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ื•ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™, ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ืชืžื™ื“, ื•ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ื•ืคืขืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื”ื•ื ืžืงื“ืฉ ืžืขื˜. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš, ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืง"ืฉ ื•ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื•ืชื™ื”. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืœื ืฉื™ื ื ืฉืืจ ื”ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืชืคื™ืœื”, ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ื—, ื”ื‘ืงืฉื” ื•ื”ื”ื•ื“ืื”. ื’ื ืœืžื“ื ื• ืกื‘ืจื” (ืœืขื™ืœ ื‘, 4) ืฉื ืฉื™ื ืฉื˜ืจื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืคื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ืžื”ืชืคื™ืœื”, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื›ืจืื•ื™, ื•ืื™ืœื• ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื“ื•ืžื” ืื™ืŸ ืžืงื™ืœื™ื. ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืฆื™ื ื•, ืฉืœื’ื‘ื™ ื ืฉื™ื ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื“ื’ืฉ ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื•ื‘ืงืฉืช ื”ืจื—ืžื™ื, ื•ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืฉืžื™ืจืช ื”ืžืกื’ืจืช ืฉืœ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื”.
ื•ื–ื” ืชื•ืื ืืช ื”ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื”ืขืจื” 2, ืฉืžืฆื“ ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืืฉื” ืคืจื˜ื™ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ืžืฆื“ ืงืœื™ื˜ืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื” - ื›ืœืœื™ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืกื“ืจื™ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื‘ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ืื” ืœืชืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืฆื“ ื”ืฉื›ืœื™, ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืืช ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื”, ื•ืœื–ื” ืฉื™ื™ื›ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืœื‘, ืฉื‘ืื” ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช, ื•ื–ื• ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืœื ืฉื™ื, ืฉื‘ื•ืœื˜ ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฆื“ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช. ื•ืื›ืŸ ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื ื ืœืžื“ื• ืžืชืคื™ืœืช ื—ื ื”. ืขื•ื“ ื™ืขื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืคื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืœื›ื” ืชืคื™ืœื” ื‘, ื‘; ื‘, ื”. ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื”ืœืŸ ื˜ื•, 1, ืฉื ืฉื™ื ืคื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ืžืืžื™ืจืช ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืชืžื™ื“, ื›ื™ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืžืฆื“ ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืจื—ืžื™ื ื•ืœื ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ืชืžื™ื“. ื•ื”ืžื‘ื™"ื˜ ื‘'ื‘ื™ืช ืืœืงื™ื' ืฉืขืจ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืคืœ"ื˜ ื‘ืืจ, ืฉืขื“ ื”ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื ื’ืœื™ืช ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, ื•ื’ื ืชืคื™ืœืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื”ื™ืชื” ื ืฉืžืขืช. ื•ืื—ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ืชืงื ื• ืื ืฉื™ ื›ื ื”"ื’ ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื‘ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชืฉืจื” ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื, ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืชืคื™ืœืชื ืชืชืงื‘ืœ.
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ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“

ืจืืฉ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื”ืจ ื‘ืจื›ื” ื•ืจื‘ ื”ื™ืฉื•ื‘. ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืกื“ืจืช ืกืคืจื™ "ืคื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืœื›ื”".
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    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ืžื ื”ื’ื™ ืชืฉืขืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื

    ืื‘ ืชืฉืค"ื’
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    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืื›ื™ืœืช ื“ื’ ื•ื‘ืฉืจ ื™ื—ื“

    ืฉื‘ื˜ ืชืฉืค"ื’
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    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ื—ื•ื’ื’ื™ื ื™ื•ื ืขืฆืžืื•ืช โ€“ ืžื”ืžื ื’ืœ ื•ืขื“ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

    ืื™ื™ืจ ืชืฉืข"ื“
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    58 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”

    ืชื•ืจื” ืœืฉืžื” - ืœื ืคื” ื•ืœื ืฉื

    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืคืจืง ื‘'

    ื˜"ื– ืื“ืจ ื‘' ืชืฉืข"ื
ืชืคื™ืœื” ืœืืฉื”
ืชืคื™ืœื” ืœืืฉื”
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื

ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืžื”ื™ืจ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืื•ืจื™ ืฉืจืงื™
     ื”ืจื‘ ืื•ืจื™ ืฉืจืงื™
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื—ื™ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื—ื™ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“
     ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืฉืžื—ื” ืงื•ืง ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืฉืžื—ื” ืงื•ืง ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืจ
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืจ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืื™ืจ ืœืื•
     ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืื™ืจ ืœืื•
  • ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื‘ืจืœื™ื ืจ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื‘ืจืœื™ื ืจ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื ื—ืžื™ื” ื’ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจื’ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื ื—ืžื™ื” ื’ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจื’ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
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    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš

    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš โ€“ ื—ืงืช

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 606

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 606

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืคืจืฉืช ืฉื‘ื•ืข

    ืœื›ืœ ืื™ืฉ ื™ืฉ ืฉื. ืขืœ ื“ืช, ืจื ื•ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื›ืจืžืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ื—ืžื“ืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช

    ืžื’ืข ืžืื›ืœื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ื ื›ืœื™ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื›ืœื™ ืฉื ื™, ื•ืขื™ืจื•ื™

    ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ืฆืœืืœ ื“ื ื™ืืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ื—ืงืช

    ืœืžื” ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื”ืคืš ืœื ื™ื™ืจ ื—ืกืจ ืขืจืš?

    ื”ืจื‘ ื ืชื ืืœ ื™ื•ืกื™ืคื•ืŸ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืœื ื˜ืจื’ื“ื™ื”, ืฆืžื™ื—ื”

    ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉืžื–ื”ื™ืจื™ื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืงื™ืขืชื• ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืฉืŸ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜, ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ืžืกืคืจืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืื—ืจ: ืขื•ืœื ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื ื™, ืืฉืจ ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืืชื’ืจื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื™ื, ื—ื•ื•ื” ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืคืจื™ื—ื” ื—ืกืจืช ืชืงื“ื™ื ื•ืžืขืžื™ื“ ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืœื›ืชื™ืช ืžืขืฉื™ืช ืœืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™

    ื”ืจื‘ ืื•ืจื™ ืกื“ืŸ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืฆื‘ื

    ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื ื”

    ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื”ืžื’ื“ืจื™ืช ื‘ืฆื‘ื ืื™ื ื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉืœ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื. ืชื ืื™ ื”ืœื—ื™ืžื”, ื”ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื•ื”ืงืจื‘ื” ื”ืžืžื•ืฉื›ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ืฉืืœืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื“ื™ื ื™ ืฆื ื™ืขื•ืช ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืื—ืจืช

    ื”ืจื‘ ืขื–ืจื™ืืœ ืืจื™ืืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” - ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื

    ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ืื‘ ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื‘ื ื• ืื•ืžื ื•ืช, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืžืงืฆื•ืข | ื’ื ืื ื”ื‘ืŸ ื™ื‘ื—ืจ ืœื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื• ืœืชื•ืจื”, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื˜ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืื‘ ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื‘ื ื• ืื•ืžื ื•ืช | ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉื”' ืžื‘ื™ื ืœืื“ื ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ืจื™ืฆื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• | ื”ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื›ืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ื”ืฉื | ื”ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืื—ื“ ืžืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื• ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื, ืฉื ื‘ืจื "ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื•ืœืฉื•ืžืจื”", ื•ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ืขื‘ื™ืจื”

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื-ืช ืค"ืฉ

    ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื-ืช-ืค"ืฉ ืคืจืฉืช ื—ืงืช

    ื•ึทื™ึตึผืฉึถืื‘ ื‘ึฐึผืึถืจึถืฅ ื˜ื•ึนื‘. ืžื”ื™ ืฉืžื” ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ืฉืžื” | ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื™ื, ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ ื•ืฉื™ืจืช ืžืฉื” ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืื–ื™ื ื• | ืžื” ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ื ื™ื— ืืช ื ื—ืฉ ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉืช ืขืœ ืขืžื“ื•, ื•ืจืง ื—ื–ืงื™ื”ื• ืžืœืš ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืขืžื“ ื•ืฉื‘ืจื• ืฉืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืื•ืชื• | ืจืื™ื” ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื” ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืจื•ืฆื— ื ืคืฉ ื‘ืฉื’ื’ื”. ื•ืขื•ื“!

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ - ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืœืžืŸ ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื

    ื™ืกื•ื“ ื•ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช

    ื“ืจืš ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื’' ืคืกืงื” ื”-ื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžื‘ืืจ ื›ื™ ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืžื•ืฉืชืช ืขืœ ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ืขืจืš ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ ื•ื”ืชืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืจืื•. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืจื‘ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืขืžื•ืงื” ื–ื• ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžืชืžื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ื•ื“ื‘ื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืจ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™, ืฉืฉื™ืื• ื•ื”ืฉืœืžืชื• ื‘ืื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ื”ืคื™ื›ืช ื”ืจืข ืœื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืฉืš ืœืื•ืจ.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    33 ื“ืง'
    ืžืืžืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™

    ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื•ืจื™ื

    ืžืืžืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื”ืžืฉืš ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืคืกืงื” ื–'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืงื™ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื ื“ืžื•ืช ืฉื›ืœืชื ื™ื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืื‘ ื•ืื ื•ื‘ืจื™ืช ืžื™ืœื”, ืชื•ืš ื”ื“ื’ืฉื” ืฉื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ ื›ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™. ื“ืจืš ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžื”ื’ืžืจื, ืคืกื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ ืกืคืจ ื”ื›ื•ื–ืจื™, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉืช ื”ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื”ืขืœ-ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืืœื•.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื‘ื™ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื•ืจืฅ | ื›"ื’ ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    33 ื“ืง'
    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉ"ืก

    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืงื“ืฉื•ืช

    ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ื”ืงื“ืฉื•ืช ืื™ื ื ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืจืง ืœืกื“ืจ ืงื“ืฉื™ื, ืืœื ื’ื ืœื ื“ืจื™ื ื•ืœื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช. ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ื‘ืื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื“ืžื™ื ืœืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืคื” ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื›ืœื™, ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื™ืจื•ืช, ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื ื™ืกื™ื ื–ืื’ื | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ

    ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื

    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืคืจืง ื”, ืคืกืงื” ื–-ื—

    ื™ืฉื ื” ื“ื•- ืกื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื—ืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ืื“ื ื•ืจืฆื•ื ื• ืœื”ื™ื˜ื™ื‘: ื”ืŸ ืžืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ื–ื• ืืช ื–ื• ื‘ื”ื“ื“ื™ื•ืช.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    30 ื“ืง'
    ื—ืงืช

    ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืกืœืข ืื• ื”ื›ืืชื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    10 ื“ืง'
    ื›ื”ื ื™ื

    ื‘ืจื›ืช ื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื - ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืœื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    1:00
    ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ืš - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•

    ืคืจืฉืช ื—ืงืช ืชืฉืค"ื• โ€“ ื”ื’ื™ืข ื–ืžืŸ ื’ืื•ืœืชื›ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื• | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    23 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื•

    ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ "ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘" ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื ื•ืชืง ืžื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืžืขืฉื™ืช, ื•ืžื‘ืงืจ ืืช ื”ื ืฆืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื—ืจื” ืœื”ื™ืฉืขืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืชื•ืš ื ื˜ื™ืฉืช ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืืœ ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื•ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœืกืœื•ืœ ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื•ืœื”ืืจืช ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœืŸ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื’' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    35 ื“ืง'
    ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช

    ื ืคื™ืœืช ืืคื™ื™ื - ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื•ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    7 ื“ืง'
    ื›ื”ื ื™ื

    ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื—ืก ืืœื™ื”ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    34 ื“ืง'
    ื—ืงืช

    ืกื•ื“ ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ื•ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ืžืกืžืœืช ืงื‘ืœืช ืขื•ืœ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ื™ื ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช, ื•ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ืžืื” ื•ื”ื˜ื”ืจื” ื”ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืงื“ื•ืฉืชื• ื•ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืจื‘ ืžืชืืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ืช ื–ื• ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืœื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืคื ื™ืžื™, ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื•ืฉืžื— ืืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืžืฉืชืงืฃ ื‘"ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ" ื•ืžื‘ื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืœื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ืฉืŸ | ื’' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    39 ื“ืง'
    ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ.ื™ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ

    ืžืœื—ืžืช ืขื•ืœื ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืœ ื•ืฉื ื”ื•ื•ื™ื”

    ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื” - ืžืืžืจ "ื ืื“ืจ ื‘ืงื•ื“ืฉ" ืกืขื™ืฃ ื“'

    ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืฆ"ืœ ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืืช ื”ืคื™ืกืงืื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช ื•ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืืช ืฉื ื”ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืฉื•ืจืฉ ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ. ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ | ืœ' ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื
ืื–ื•ืจ ืื™ืฉื™

ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœืš, ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื‘ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ื•ืœื”ืžืฉืš ืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื• ืขื–ื‘ืช ืื•ืชืŸ.

ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il