ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ืœื•ื— ืฉื ื” ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช

ื”ืงื“ืฉืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืืชืจ

ื”ืงื“ืฉ

ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
 ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืžื“ื•ืจื™ื
  • ื—ืžื“ืช ื™ืžื™ื
  • ืฉื•"ืช "ื‘ืžืจืื” ื”ื‘ื–ืง"
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
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784
37 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ืืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขืกื“ืจื•ืชืกืคืจื™ื”ืคืกืงื™ ื“ื™ืŸื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš
ืื™ืœื™ื ื•ื™, ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช Illinois, USA
ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืข"ื‘

ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื•ืช

ืฉืืœื”
ืฉื•"ืช "ื‘ืžืจืื” ื”ื‘ื–ืง" (597)
ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื
297 - ืงื‘ื•ืจื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืงื‘ืจื•ืช ืขืชื™ืง
298 - ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื•ืช
299 - ื›ืœืœื™-ื”ืœื›ื” ื˜ื›ื ื™ื™ื ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืจืžืงื•ืœ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื•ื‘ื™ื•"ื˜
ื˜ืขืŸ ืขื•ื“
ื–ื•ื’ ืฉื‘ืื• ืืœื™ื™ ื”ืฆื™ืขื• ืœืคื ื™ื™ ืฉืืœื” ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืจื™ื”, ื•ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืจืง ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ื, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ.
ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื™ืฉื” ืขื‘ืจื” ืขืงื™ืจืช ืจื—ื ืžืœืื”. ื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื• ืžื’ื•ืคื” ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื•ืช ืงื•ื“ื ืฉื›ืจืชื• ืืช ื”ืจื—ื ื•ื›ืœื™ ื”ื”ืคืจื™ื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืœื”ื•ืœื“ืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื. ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื–ื”, ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื ืฉืืจ ืœื”ื ืœื”ื•ืœื™ื“ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืœืงื—ืช ืžื–ืจืขื• ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืขืœ ื•ืžืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืฆื™ืื• ืžื”ืื™ืฉื” ื•ืœื”ืคืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช ื‘ื–ืจืขื• ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืขืœ ื‘ืžื‘ื—ื ื”, ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ืœืจื—ืžื” ืฉืœ ืื ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื™ืช.
ืขืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื›ื–ื” ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื• ื›ืžื” ืฉืืœื•ืช, ื•ืืœื• ื”ืŸ:
ื. ื”ืื ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืขืฆืžื• ืžื•ืชืจ?
ื‘. ืžื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื ื”ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื™ืช ื•ืžื™ ืืกื•ืจื”?
ื’. ืื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืŸ ื•ื”ืึตื ื”ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื™ืช ืชื”ื™ื” ื’ื•ื™ื”, ื”ืื ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ื”ื™ืœื“ ื”ื ื•ืœื“ ืœื”ืชื’ื™ื™ืจ?
ื“. ืื ื™ื™ื•ื•ืœื“ ื‘ืŸ ื–ื›ืจ, ื”ืื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืŸ?
ื”. ืึดื ื”ืึตื ื”ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื™ืช ืชื”ื™ื” ืื™ืฉื” ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื™ื” ื•ื ืฉื•ืื”, ื”ืื ืงื™ื™ื ื—ืฉืฉ ืžืžื–ืจื•ืช ื—"ื• ืœื™ืœื“?
ืื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื•ืœื™ื“ ื™ืœื“ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื–ื”, ื”ื–ื•ื’ ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื—ืฉืฉื•ืช ื•ืกืคืงื•ืช ื›ืœืœ ืœื™ื”ื“ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“, ืœื ืœืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ื ื•ืœื ืœืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืกืคืจื“ื™ื (ืื ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื), ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื‘ืขื–"ื” ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื• ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ืก, ืœื ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื•ืœื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”
ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื•ืช 1
ืœืขื™ื“ื•ื“ ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ืจืฆื•ื ื ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื–ื•ื’ ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืคืจื™ ื‘ื˜ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืœื›ืชื™ื™ื. ืœืขืงืจื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ืื™ืžื”ื•ืช ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืคื ื™ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื•ืชืคื™ืœื•ืชื™ื”ื, ืฉื”ืคื›ื• ืกืžืœ ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช. ื ื‘ื™ื ืœื›ืš ืฉืชื™ ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช: ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ืžื™ืฆื—ืง ื•ืจื‘ืงื”, ืฉื ื ืืžืจ (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื›ื”, ื›ื): "ื•ึทื™ึผึถืขึฐืชึผึทืจ ื™ึดืฆึฐื—ึธืง ืœึทื”' ืœึฐื ึนื›ึทื— ืึดืฉืึฐืชึผื•ึน ื›ึผึดื™ ืขึฒืงึธืจึธื” ื”ึดื•ื, ื•ึทื™ึผึตืขึธืชึถืจ ืœื•ึน ื”' ื•ึทืชึผึทื”ึทืจ ืจึดื‘ึฐืงึธื” ืึดืฉืึฐืชึผื•ึน". ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”, ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื—ืœ (ืฉื ืœ, ื): "ื•ึทืชึผึตืจึถื ืจึธื—ึตืœ ื›ึผึดื™ ืœึนื ื™ึธืœึฐื“ึธื” ืœึฐื™ึทืขึฒืงึนื‘, ื•ึทืชึผึฐืงึทื ึผึตื ืจึธื—ึตืœ ื‘ึผึทืึฒื—ึนืชึธื”ึผ, ื•ึทืชึผึนืืžึถืจ ืึถืœ ื™ึทืขึฒืงึนื‘, ื”ึธื‘ึธื” ืœึผึดื™ ื‘ึธื ึดื™ื ื•ึฐืึดื ืึทื™ึดืŸ ืžึตืชึธื” ืึธื ึนื›ึดื™". ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื–ื” ืžืขื•ื’ืŸ ื’ื ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื”ืœื›ืชื™ืช ื”ืžื•ื˜ืœืช ืขืœ ื”ืื™ืฉ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช "ืคืจื• ื•ืจื‘ื•" 2 ื•ืžืฆื•ื•ืช "ืฉืึถื‘ึถืช" 3 . ืœื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื‘ื™ื“ื• ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื–ื”. ืžื•ืœ ื›ืœ ื—ืฉืฉ ื”ืœื›ืชื™, ื›ืžื• ืฉื ืคืจื˜ ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš, ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ื“ื”ื“ ื‘ืื•ื–ื ื™ื ื• ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืชื ืฉืœ ื—ื–"ืœ ืขืœ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื• ืฉืœ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืœืจื—ืœ (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืฉื, ื‘): "ื•ึทื™ึผึดื—ึทืจ ืึทืฃ ื™ึทืขึฒืงึนื‘ ื‘ึผึฐืจึธื—ึตืœ ื•ึทื™ึผึนืืžึถืจ ื”ึฒืชึทื—ึทืช ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ืึธื ึนื›ึดื™ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืžึธื ึทืข ืžึดืžึผึตืšึฐ ืคึผึฐืจึดื™ ื‘ึธื˜ึถืŸ": "ืืžืจ ืœื• ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื: ื›ืš ืขื•ื ื™ืŸ ืœืžืขื™ืงื•ืช?!" (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืจื‘ื” ืคืจืฉื” ืขื).
ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืงื‘"ื” ืขืœ ื”ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจืคื•ืื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื–ื”, ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืœ ืžืืžืฅ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืขืœ ืืช ื”ื™ื“ืข ื”ืžื“ืขื™ ื•ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืœืืคื™ืงื™ื ืจืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื•ืžื•ืชืจื™ื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื”ืœื›ื”.
ืื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ื”ืกื›ืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื, ืฉื–ื•ื’ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื• ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœืขื•ืœื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช, ืคืชื•ื—ื” 4 ื‘ืคื ื™ื”ื ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืื ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื™ืช 5 . ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ื ืžืฆื ื–ื•ื’ ื–ื”, ื–ื• ื’ื ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ืžื•ืขื“ืคืช 6 .
ื ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื•ื ืืžืจ, ื›ื™ ื’ื ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื”ืกื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืงืฉืจ ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื ืœืฆืืฆื 7 ืื™ื ื ืžื›ื—ื™ืฉื™ื ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื ืชื ื• ืืช ื”ื–ืจืข ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช ื”ื ื”ื•ืจื™ ื”ื™ืœื“, ื•ืื™ื ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืฉื“ืจืš ื–ื• ืžืฆื™ืขื”, ื•ืžืŸ ื”ื—ืกื“ ื”ืขืฆื•ื ื•ืžื ื™ืขืช ื”ื—ืกืจ ื”ื ื•ืจื ืฉืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืจืคื•ืื™ ื–ื” ืžืฆื™ืข ืœื–ื•ื’ื•ืช ื”ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื•ืงื” ืงืฉื” ื›ื–ื•.
ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืงื ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื• ืขื ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืกืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืœื•ื•ืช ื”ืœื™ืš ื–ื”. ืื—ืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืืฉืจ ื‘ื’ื™ื ื ื ื“ืจืฉื• ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื—ืงื™ืงื” ื•ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ื”ืœื™ืš ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉืœ ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื™ื•ืช. ื ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื•ื ืงื‘ืข ื›ื™ ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ืœืžื ื•ืข ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ื›ื–ื” ื”ื™ื ื ื›ื•ื ื” ื”ืŸ ืžื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื”ื”ืœื›ืชื™ืช 8 ื•ื”ืŸ ืžื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื”ืžื•ืกืจื™ืช 9 , ื•ืฉืžื™ืจืช ื”ื—ื•ืง ื’ื ื”ื™ื ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื”ืœื›ืชื™ืช 10 .
ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืžื˜ืขืžื™ ื ื•ื—ื™ื•ืช ืื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” ืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืจื•ืช ื•ืœืœื“ืช ืฆืืฆื ื‘ืจื™ื 11 ืœืœื ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ื” 12 .
ืขื™ื“ื•ื“ ื•ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื‘ื—ืจื• ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื–ื•ื’ื•ืช ืฉืžืฆืื• ืขืฆืžื ืจ"ืœ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืงืฉื” ื›ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘, ื•ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื›ืš ืžืขืฉื” ื—ืกื“ ื›ืคื•ืœ ืœืฉื ื™ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื, ืœื–ื•ื’ ื•ืœืคื•ื ื“ืงืื™ืช.
ื ืคืจื˜ ืขืชื” ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ื”ืœื›ืชื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ืจื•ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื•ืช. ื ืงื“ื™ื ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจืš ืื—ืช ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ืช ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื–ื”, ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืจืš ืžื•ืฆืขืช ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ื–ืงื•ืงื•ืช ืœืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืœื›ืชื™ื™ื.
ืกื“ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื•ื ื’ื ื”ืžืœืฆืชื ื• ื”ื”ืœื›ืชื™ืช ืœืกื“ืจ ื”ืขื“ื™ืคื•ืช ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช.
ื. ื™ืฉ ื”ืกื›ืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื›ื™ ื‘ื ื˜ื™ืœืช ื–ืจืข ื”ืื‘ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืคืจื™ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช ื”ืื ืื™ืŸ 13 ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืฉื–"ืœ (ืฉื›ื‘ืช ื–ืจืข ืœื‘ื˜ืœื”) 14 .
ื‘. ื™ืฉ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื ืฆืจืš ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืžื ื™ืขืช ื˜ืขื•ื™ื•ืช ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืฉื”ื–ืจืข ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืžืขื‘ื“ื” ื•ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืคืจื™ืช ืœืจื—ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื™ืช 15 .
ื’. ื™ืฉ ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืœื›ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื™ืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื™ื” ืฉืื™ื ื” ื ืฉื•ืื” 16 . ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ืœืคื•ื ื“ืงืื™ืช ืจืง ืื™ืฉื” ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื™ืœื“ื”, ื•ื”ืจืืชื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœืช ืœืœื“ืช ื™ืœื“ ื‘ืจื™ื, ื ืžืฆื ืฉื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื™ืฉื” ืืœืžื ื” ืื• ื’ืจื•ืฉื”. ื‘ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ื—ื“-ืžืฉืžืขื™ืช ืฉืœื ื™ื™ื•ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ื—ืฉืฉ ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืขื ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ื‘ืขืœืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช ืื• ื”ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื™ืช 17 .
ื“. ื™ืฉ ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืœื›ืชื™ื™ื, ื•ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืืจืฅ ื’ื ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ืžืขืฉื™, ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื™ืช ืœื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื™ื” 18 . ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื–ื” ื™ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื’ื™ื•ืจ ืœื—ื•ืžืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื•ืœื“ 19 . ื•ื‘ืช ืฉืชื™ื•ื•ืœื“ ืžื”ืœื™ืš ื–ื” ืœื ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื™ื ืฉื ืœื›ื”ืŸ 20 .
ื”. ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื’ื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื™ื” ื ืฉื•ืื” ืœืคื•ื ื“ืงืื™ืช, ื•ื›ืš ื ืคืกืง ื”ืœื›ื” ืœืžืขืฉื” 21 . ืœื“ืขืช ืจื•ื‘ ืจื•ื‘ื ืฉืœ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ืœื•ื•ืœื“ ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื—ืกื™ืŸ 22 , ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื›ืฉืจ ืœื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื•ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ. ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืœื–ื•ื’ื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ื ืžื’ื“ื™ืจื™ื ืขืฆืžื ื›ืฉื•ืžืจื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืžื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืกืขื™ืฃ ื“ 23 .
ื•. ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืกืจ ืกืคืง, ื ื‘ื”ื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืœื™ืœื“ ื”ื ื•ืœื“ ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื•ืช ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืชื—ืชืŸ ืขื ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืจื™ื• ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื ื ื•ืชื ื™ ื”ื–ืจืข ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช. ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื™ืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื™ื” ืงื™ื™ื ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื—ื™ืชื•ืŸ ื’ื ืขื ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื”.

ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืŸ, ื”ืฉืืœื” ืžืชืขื•ืจืจืช ืจืง ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉื”ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื™ืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื™ื” 24 ืฉื˜ืจื ื™ืœื“ื”, ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืฆื•ื™, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ืœื›ืš ืจืง ืื™ืฉื” ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื™ืœื“ื” 25 .

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1 ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืกืจ ืกืคืง, ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื–ื• ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ื–ืจืข ื”ื‘ืขืœ ืžืคืจื” ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช ืฉืœ ืืฉืชื• ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ืฉื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืžืขื‘ื“ื” ืจืคื•ืื™ืช ืžื•ื›ืจืช ื•ื‘ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืจื‘ื ื™. ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืคืจื™ืช ืžื•ืฉืชืœืช ื‘ืจื—ืžื” ืฉืœ ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื™ืช ื”ืžืกื›ื™ืžื” ืœืฉืืช ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืœืœื“ืช ืืช ื”ื•ื•ืœื“ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื. ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ืื™ืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื–ื• ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ืœืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืชืจื•ืžืช ื–ืจืข ืื• ืชืจื•ืžืช ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช, ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื™ืฉ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืจื ื–ืจ ื‘ื”ืคืจื™ื” ืขืฆืžื”.
2 ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืžืฉืš ื—ื›ืžื” (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื˜, ื–), ืื™ืฉื” ืื™ื ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืคืจื• ื•ืจื‘ื• ืžื—ืžืช ื”ืกื›ื ื” ืฉื‘ืขื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื‘ืœื™ื“ื”. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืข ื‘ืื™ืฉื” ืชืฉื•ืงื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ืขื–ื” ืœื”ื•ืœื™ื“ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืงื™ื•ื ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื”ืขื“ืจ ื”ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ ืขืœ ื”ืื™ืฉื” ื‘ืคืจื™ื™ื” ื•ืจื‘ื™ื™ื” ืื™ื ื• ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ืชืืžื” ืœื˜ื‘ืขื”. ืื“ืจื‘ื”, ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ืื™ืฉื” ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ื’ื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืขืœ ื•ืžื™ื™ืชืจ ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ ืคื•ืจืžืืœื™.
3 ืฉืœืฆื•ืจืš ืงื™ื•ืžื” ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืกืคืจ ืชื•ืจื” (ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื›ื– ืข"ื), ื•ืœื“ืขืช ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ื’ื ื‘ื ืฉื™ื, ืจืื” ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ื’ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ (ืžื ืข"ื‘ ื“"ื” ืœื ืชื•ื”ื•); ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื ื‘ืชืจื (ื™ื’ ืข"ื ื“"ื” ืฉื ืืžืจ); ืžื’ืŸ ืื‘ืจื”ื (ืกื™' ืงื ื’ ืก"ืง ื˜); ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืžื•ืืœ (ืกื™' ื, ืก"ืง ื‘). ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ื™ื‘ื™ืข ืื•ืžืจ (ื—ืœืง ื’ ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื–ืจ ืกื™' ื› ืื•ืช ืœื’, ื—ืœืง ื—; ื™ื•"ื“ ืกื™' ื›ื‘).
4 ืืžื ื ื™ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืœื–ื•ื’ ื—ืฉื•ืš ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ ื”ืคืจื™ื” ื—ื•ืฅ ื’ื•ืคื™ืช, ื•ืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืœ ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื•ืช, ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืงื™ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืคืจื™ื™ื” ื•ืจื‘ื™ื™ื” (ื”ื’ืจืฉ"ื– ืื•ื™ืจื‘ืš, ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื”ื•ื‘ืื• ื‘ื ืฉืžืช ืื‘ืจื”ื ื—ืœืง ื”, ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื–ืจ ืกื™' ื ืก"ืง ื). ืืš ื’ื ืื ืื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืขืœ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื, ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ืžืกื™ืจ, ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ืจื•ื‘ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื, ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื•ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืฆืืฆืื™ื ืœืขื•ืœื ื•ืœื’ื“ืœื, ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”.
5 ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื”ืžืชื™ืจื™ื: ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื™ื™ื ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืœืžื” ื’ื•ืจืŸ (ืชื•ืจืช ื”ืจืคื•ืื” ืขืž' 173), ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื” ื™ื•ืกืฃ (ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื•ืจืื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืœืžื” ืžืฉื” ืขืžืืจ ื‘ืฉืžื•, ื‘ืžื›ืชื‘ ืฉืฉืœื— ื‘ืžื•ืฆืื™ ืฉื‘ืช ื›"ื– ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ืชืฉืก"ื•); ืžื•"ืจ ื”ื’ืจื–"ื  ื’ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจื’ (ืืกื™ื ืกื”-ืกื• ืขืž' 45).
ืืžื ื ื™ืฉ ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืฉื”ืกืชื™ื™ื’ื• ืžืœื”ืชื™ืจ ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื•ืช: ื”ื’ืจื™"ืฉ ืืœื™ืฉื™ื‘ ื•ื”ื’ืจืฉ"ื– ืื•ื™ืจื‘ืš ื—ืฉืฉื• ืฉื”ื™ืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ื’ืจื•ื ืœื‘ืœื‘ื•ืœ ื•ืขืจื‘ื•ื‘ื™ื” (ื ืฉืžืช ืื‘ืจื”ื ื—ืœืง ื“, ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื–ืจ ืกื™' ื‘ ืก"ืง ื‘).
ื™ืฉ ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืฉื”ืกืชื™ื™ื’ื• ืžืขืฆื ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืคืจื™ื” ื—ื•ืฅ ื’ื•ืคื™ืช (IVF), ื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉื•ืชืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ื‘ืจื—ื ื”ืื ื‘ืขืœืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช: ืฉื•"ืช ืฆื™ืฅ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ (ื—ืœืง ื˜ื• ืกื™' ืžื”); ืฉื•"ืช ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ื ื”ื’ื•ืช (ื—ืœืง ื‘ ืกื™' ืชืจืคื˜, ื•ื—ืœืง ื“ ืกื™' ืจืคื”), ื•ืžื‘ื™ื ืขื“ื•ืช ืฉื”ื’ืจื™"ื™ ืงื ื™ื™ื‘ืกืงื™ ืืกืจ ื”ืคืจื™ื” ื—ื•ืฅ ื’ื•ืคื™ืช, ื•ืขื•ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื”ื’ืจ"ืฉ ื•ื•ืื–ื ืจ "ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ื‘ื–ื” ื”ื•ืจืื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ืœื ืœืืกื•ืจ ื•ืœื ืœื”ื™ืชืจ, ื•ื”ืžืงื™ืœื™ืŸ ื–ื›ื• ื’ื ื›ืŸ ืœื‘ื ื™ื ื”ื’ื•ื ื™ื".
ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืจื™ื” ื—ื•ืฅ ื’ื•ืคื™ืช ื ืจื—ื™ื‘ ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš, ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื”ื–ืจืข.
ื™ืฉ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ื’ืจ"ืฉ ื•ื•ืื–ื ืจ (ืฉื‘ื˜ ื”ืœื•ื™ ื—ืœืง ื˜ ืกื™' ืจืกื“) ื—ื™ื“ืฉ ืฉื‘ืชืจื•ืžืช ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช ื™ืฉ ืžืฉื•ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืขืฉื” ืฉืœ "ื•ื“ื‘ืง ื‘ืืฉืชื• โ€“ ื•ืœื ื‘ืืฉืช ื—ื‘ื™ืจื•" (ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ื ื— ืข"ื), ืื•ืœื ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื”ืœื™ืš ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื•ืช ื”ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื›ืืŸ, ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื”ืคืจื™ื” ื ืขืฉื™ืช ืžื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช ื”ืื™ืฉื”.
6 ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืื™ืžื•ืฅ, ืฉืืžื ื ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืžืขืฉื” ื—ืกื“ ืขืฆื•ื ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืชืจ, ืื™ื ื• ืฉื•ื•ื” ืขืจืš ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืืžืฆื™ื ื›ืžื• ื”ื‘ืืช ื™ืœื“ ืœืขื•ืœื ืžื–ืจืข ื”ืื‘ ื•ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช ื”ืื, ื•ื”ื•ื ื’ื ืžืขื•ืจืจ ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ืœื›ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืืจื™ืš ื‘ื”ื.
7 ื ืกื›ื ืœื”ืœืŸ ื‘ืชืžืฆื™ืช ืืช ืกื•ื’ื™ืช ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืื™ืžื”ื•ืช ื‘ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื•ืช: ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืื™ืžื”ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื™ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื ืขืฉื™ืช ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื:
1. ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช.
2. ื”ืขื™ื‘ื•ืจ: ืžืงื•ื ื”ืคืจื™ื™ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื–ืจืข.
3. ื”ืœื™ื“ื”: ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื•ืœื™ื“ืชื•.
ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•, ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ืคืจื™ื” ื—ื•ืฅ ื’ื•ืคื™ืช ื•ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื•ืช, ื ืขืฉืชื” ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ืคืจื“ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืœืœื•, ื•ื ืžืฆื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ื–ื”ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื. ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœืคื ื™ื ื•, ืœืžืฉืœ, ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช โ€“ ืžืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืื™ืฉื” ืื—ืช, ื•ืื™ืœื• ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื”ืœื™ื“ื” ืžืชื‘ืฆืข ื‘ืจื—ืžื” ืฉืœ ืื™ืฉื” ืื—ืจืช.
ื‘ื ื“ื•ืŸ ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืื™ืžื”ื•ืช ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ื›ืจื™ืข ื‘ืฉืชื™ ืฉืืœื•ืช ื™ืกื•ื“:
1.ืื ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืื™ืžื”ื•ืช ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ืžื›ืœื•ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ื "ืœ ืื• ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื, ืื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื’ื•ืจื ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื•ืžื›ืจื™ืข ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืื—ืจื™ื.
2. ื‘ื”ื ื—ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื’ื•ืจื ืขื™ืงืจื™, ืžื™ื”ื• ื’ื•ืจื ื–ื” ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืœื•ืฉื”: ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช, ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจ (ื”ืคืจื™ื”) ืื• ื”ื•ืฆืืชื• ืืœ ื”ืคื•ืขืœ (ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืœื™ื“ื”).
ืžืกื™ื›ื•ื ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื“ืœืงืžืŸ (ื ืฆื™ื™ืŸ 'ื ืฆื™ื’' ืœื›ืœ ืฉื™ื˜ื”) ืขื•ืœื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื—ืžืฉ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืฆื™ื•ืŸ (ืฉืžืชืคืจื˜ื•ืช ืžื”ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื”ื "ืœ) ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื‘ืืช ื”ื•ื•ืœื“ ืœืขื•ืœื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ืจื ืœืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืื™ืžื”ื•ืช: ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช (ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืœืžื” ื’ื•ืจืŸ), ืžืงื•ื ื”ื”ืคืจื™ื” (ืฆื™ืฅ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืื—ืช), ืžืงื•ื ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจื” (ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืื—ืจ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•ื ืžื”ื”ืคืจื™ื”, ืžื•"ืจ ื”ื’ืจ"ืฉ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™), ืžืงื•ื ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ (ื”ืจื‘ ืขื–ืจื ื‘ื™ืง), ื”ืœื™ื“ื” (ืžื•"ืจ ื”ื’ืจื–"ื  ื’ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจื’).
ื‘ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื“ืŸ, ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช ื•ื”ืœื™ื“ื” ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืœืฉืชื™ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื‘ืืช ื”ื•ื•ืœื“ ืœืขื•ืœื, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ื”ืคืจื™ื” ืžืชื‘ืฆืขืช ื‘ืžื‘ื—ื ื”, ืžืงื•ื ืฉืœื ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœื’ื‘ื™ื• ื™ื™ื—ื•ืก. ืœื›ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืœืžืขืฉื” ืืจื‘ืข ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื™ื™ื—ื•ืก ื”ื•ื•ืœื“ ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื–ื”: 1. ื”ื•ื•ืœื“ ืžื™ื•ื—ืก ืœื‘ืขืœืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช. 2. ื”ื•ื•ืœื“ ืžื™ื•ื—ืก ืœื™ื•ืœื“ืช. 3. ื”ื•ื•ืœื“ ืžื™ื•ื—ืก ืœืฉืชื™ื”ืŸ. 4. ื”ื•ื•ืœื“ ืื™ื ื ื• ืžื™ื•ื—ืก ืœืืฃ ืื—ืช, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ื•ื ื—ืกืจ ืื, ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื”ืœื›ืชื™ืช.
ื‘ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืื™ืžื”ื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช ื‘ืฉ"ืก ื•ื‘ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื—ืคื™ืคื” ืžืœืื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื. ืคื•ืกืงื™ ื“ื•ืจื ื• ื ืœืื• ืœื“ืžื•ืช ืžื™ืœืชื ืœืžื™ืœืชื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืจืื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื›ื™ื—ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ืœืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืื™ืžื”ื•ืช. ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ื—ื“-ืžืฉืžืขื™ืช ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืจื”ืจ ืื—ืจื™ื”, ื•ืœื›ืœ ืจืื™ื” ื™ืฉื ื” ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ืคื™ืจื›ื. ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืกื™ืงื• ื›ืžื” ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืฉื”ื”ื›ืจืขื” ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ื–ื• ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืกื‘ืจื”, ื•ืžืกื™ื‘ื” ื–ื• ืงืฉื” ืœืคืกื•ืง ื”ืœื›ื” ื—ื•ืชื›ืช ื•ื‘ืจื•ืจื”, ื•ืœืžืขืฉื” ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ื•ืœื—ื•ืฉ ืœืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช. ืืžื ื ื™ืฉ ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืฉื”ื›ืจื™ืขื• ื”ื›ืจืขื” ื—ื“-ืžืฉืžืขื™ืช.
ื”ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ื”ื”ืœื›ืชื™ื•ืช ืœืฉืืœื” ื–ื•:
ื) ื”ืื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื‘ืฆืข ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื•ืช (ืฉืืœื” ื–ื• ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื’ื ื‘ืกื‘ืจื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืžืœื‘ื“ ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืื™ืžื”ื•ืช, ื•ื›ื“ืœืงืžืŸ), ื•ืžื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื™ืช (ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื™ื” ืคื ื•ื™ื”, ื ืฉื•ืื” ืื• ื’ื•ื™ื”)?
ื‘) ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื‘ื•ืฆืขื” ื”ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื•ืช, ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื›ืจื™ืข ื‘ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ื”ื”ืœื›ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ืก, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ: ืขืจื™ื•ืช, ื™ืจื•ืฉื”, ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช (ื’ื™ื•ืจ), ื™ื•ื—ืกื™ืŸ, ืคืกื•ืœื™ ืขื“ื•ืช, ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืŸ, ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื•ืขื•ื“?
ืœืงืžืŸ ื ืกืงื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืกื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ื”ืจืื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื“ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื ื™ืชื ื• ืœื”ืŸ (ืžืคืืช ืืจื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื ื ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืจืื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื“ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื ืืžืจื• ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ื–ื•):
ื) ืกื‘ืจื•ืช: ื‘ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืงื•ื‘ืขืช ืืช ื”ืื™ืžื”ื•ืช, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื›ื™ืœื” ืืช ื”ืžื˜ืขืŸ ื”ื’ื ื˜ื™ ื•ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ืœื•ื“, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื™ืช ืื—ืจืื™ืช ื›ืžืขื˜ ืืš ื•ืจืง ืขืœ ื”ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื” ืžื”ื›ื•ื— (ื”ื˜ืžื•ืŸ ืžื›ื‘ืจ) ืืœ ื”ืคื•ืขืœ. ื•ืขื•ื“, ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•, ืฉื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ืขืฉื•ืช ื—ืœืงื™ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ืื™ื ืงื•ื‘ืื˜ื•ืจ, ื ืจืื” ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืฉื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื™ืช ื”ื•ื ื˜ื›ื ื™ ื•ืœื ืžื”ื•ืชื™ (ื ืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื›ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ืœื›ื•ืช ื•ืžืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉืžืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช ืฉื”ื•ืฉืชืœ ื‘ื” ื—ื•ืžืจ ื’ื ื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ืื™ืฉื” ืื—ืจืช, ืžื” ืฉืขืœื•ืœ ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ืœืขื•ืจืจ ืฉืืœื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช). ืืš ื™ืฉ ืœื“ื—ื•ืช ืกื‘ืจื” ื–ื• (ืจืื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืจื–"ื  ื’ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจื’, ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืืžื”ื•ืช, ืชื—ื•ืžื™ืŸ ื”, ืขืž' 270), ืฉืืžื ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ื’ื ื˜ื™ ืžื”ื•ืชื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืื‘ืœ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื”ืœื›ืชื™ืช ืื™ืŸ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื“ืขืช ืขืœ ืคื™ ืžื” ื ืงื‘ืขืช ื”ืื™ืžื”ื•ืช, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื”ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืœืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืื™ืžื”ื•ืช ืื™ื ืŸ ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ืœื•ื“. ื‘ืคืจื˜ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืขืจื™ื•ืช, ืฉืขืœื™ื”ื ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืžื’ื™ื“ ืžืฉื ื” (ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืื™ืฉื•ืช ื, ื“) ืฉื”ื ื’ื–ืจืช ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ื•ืขื•ื“, ืฉื’ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื™ืฉ ื”ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ืช ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ ื™ืฉ ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื™ื™ืœื•ื“, ืืฃ ืื ืื™ืŸ ื”ืŸ ื’ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช, ื•ืžื”ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ืื™ื ื” ื ืงื‘ืขืช ืจืง ื‘ืžื˜ืขืŸ ื”ื’ื ื˜ื™, ืืœื ื”ื™ื ืžื•ืฉืคืขืช ืžื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื’ื“ืœ ื‘ื”.
ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืจืื™ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืฉื”ืื™ืžื”ื•ืช ื ืงื‘ืขืช ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช ืžื“ื™ืŸ ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืื‘ื”ื•ืช. ืœื“ืขืช ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืื‘ื”ื•ืช ื ืขืฉื™ืช ืขืœ ืคื™ ืžืงื•ืจ ื˜ื™ืคืช ื”ื–ืจืข, ื•ืœืื• ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ื™ืื” (ื—ืœืงืช ืžื—ื•ืงืง ืกื™' ื ืก"ืง ื—; ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืฉื ืก"ืง ื™; ืžืฉื ื” ืœืžืœืš ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืื™ืฉื•ืช ื˜ื•, ื“). ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืกื‘ืจื” ืœื“ืžื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื–ืจืข ื”ืื‘ ืœื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช ื”ืื, ื•ื›ืฉื ืฉื”ื–ืจืข ืงื•ื‘ืข ืื‘ื”ื•ืช โ€“ ื›ืš ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช ืชืงื‘ืข ืืช ื”ืื™ืžื”ื•ืช. ืืš ื™ืฉ ืœื“ื—ื•ืช ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื–ื”, ื•ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื“ื•ื•ืงื ื”ื–ืจืข ืงื•ื‘ืข ืื‘ื”ื•ืช, ืฉื›ืŸ ื‘ื ืชื™ื ืช ื”ื–ืจืข ืžืชืžืฆื” ื›ืœ ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื‘ ืœืขื•ื‘ืจ. ืื•ืœื ื”ืื ืžืœื•ื•ื” ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืชื• ืขื“ ื”ืœื™ื“ื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืจืง ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืื• ื‘ืกื™ื•ืžื• ื ืงื‘ืขืช ื”ืื™ืžื”ื•ืช. ืขื•ื“ ื™ืฉ ืœื•ืžืจ, ืฉืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื—ื–"ืœ ื™ืฉ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืœื–ืจืข, ืืš ืœื ืžืฆื™ื ื• ืฉื•ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืื ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื›ืš ื”ื™ื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืœื ื”ื›ื™ืจื• ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช ืื• ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช.
ืžื ื’ื“, ื™ืฉ ืกื‘ืจื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื”ืœื™ื“ื” ืงื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืืช ื”ืื™ืžื”ื•ืช, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช ืื™ื‘ื“ื” ืืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ืกื” ื›ืืฉืจ ื ื•ืชืงื” ืžืžืงื•ืจื”, ื•ื”ื™ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืืœื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจืช, "ืฉืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืฉื™ืžืฆืื• ืื‘ืจื™ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื ื•ื”ื ืื‘ืจื™ ืื“ื ื‘ืืžืช, ืจ"ืœ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ื›ื‘ื“ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื•, ืื• ื”ืœื‘ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื•, ืื• ื‘ืฉืจ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื•" (ืžื•ืจื” ื ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื ื, ืขื‘). ืืš ื™ืฉ ืœื“ื—ื•ืช ื˜ืขื ื” ื–ื•, ื•ืœื˜ืขื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืื‘ืจื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช ืื™ื ื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ืœืื‘ืจ ืคืจื˜ื™, ืืœื ืœื’ื•ืฃ ืื“ื ืฉืœื ื‘ื›ื•ื—, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืจืื•ืช ืื•ืชื” ื›ื ื•ืฉืืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ืก ืขืฆืžื™ ืžืฉืœื” ื‘ืœื™ ืชืœื•ืช ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ. ืืžื ื, ื›ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ, ื’ื ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ, ื‘ืคืจื˜ ื‘ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื”ืื“ื, ื™ืฉ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื”ืื“ื.
ื‘) ืจืื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืœื›ืชื™ื•ืช (ื“ื—ื™ื™ื” ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืœื›ืœ ื”ืจืื™ื•ืช: ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืžืชื—ื•ื ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืื—ื“ ืœืื—ืจ, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื”ื”ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื โ€“ ื”ื’ืจื–"ื  ื’ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจื’, ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืืžื”ื•ืช, ืชื—ื•ืžื™ืŸ ื”, ืขืž' 270):
1. ื™ื™ื—ื•ืก ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ ืœื’ืจ: ืื—ื™ื ืชืื•ืžื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืจืชื ืฉืœื ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื•ืœื™ื“ืชื ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืžืฉื•ื ืืฉืช ืื— (ื™ื‘ืžื•ืช ืฆื– ืข"ื‘). ื•ื›ืŸ ื’ืจ ืฉื”ื•ืจืชื• ืฉืœื ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืฉื ืฉื ืื—ื•ืชื• ืžื”ืื, ื™ื•ืฆื™ื (ืฉื ืฆื— ืข"ื). ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื“ืขืช ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช (ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื ืข"ื ื“"ื” ืžื˜ื‘ื™ืœื™ืŸ), ืžืขื•ื‘ืจืช ืฉื”ืชื’ื™ื™ืจื” ื‘ื ื” ื™ื•ืจืฉ ืžื”ืชื•ืจื” (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืจืฉ"ืฉ ืฉื). ืœื›ืื•ืจื”, ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ ื ื•ืชืง ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื’ื™ืจื•ืช, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื’ืจ ืฉื ืชื’ื™ื™ืจ ื”ื•ื ื›ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉื ื•ืœื“. ืขื•ืœื” ืžื”ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•, ืฉื‘ื”ื ืจืื™ื ื• ืฉื’ื™ื•ืจ ื”ืžืชื‘ืฆืข ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื”ื™ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ืžื ืชืง ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™, ืฉื”ืœื™ื“ื” ืงื•ื‘ืขืช ืืช ื”ืื™ืžื”ื•ืช (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื›ืจ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืกื™' ื“; ืืžืจื™ ืžืฉื” ืกื™' ื›ื–).
ืืš ื™ืฉ ืœื“ื—ื•ืช ืจืื™ื” ื–ื•, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื“ืขืช ืจืฉ"ื™ (ื™ื‘ืžื•ืช ืฆื— ืข"ื ื“"ื” ื”ื; ื•ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื“ื™ื™ืง ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื‘ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ืžื• ืข"ื ื“"ื” ื ืชื’ื™ื™ืจื” ืžืขื•ื‘ืจืช, ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ืžื• ืข"ื ื“"ื” ื ืชื’ื™ื™ืจื” ืžืขื•ื‘ืจืช) ืœื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืขื•ื‘ืจ ืฉื ืชื’ื™ื™ืจ ื”ื•ื ื›ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉื ื•ืœื“, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืฉื™ื˜ืชื• ืฉื”ืื™ืžื”ื•ืช ื ืงื‘ืขื” ื‘ืขื™ื‘ื•ืจ. ื•ืขื•ื“, ืฉืœื“ืขืช ื›ืžื” ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื (ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืขืงื‘ ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื ืข"ื; ืื‘ื ื™ ืžื™ืœื•ืื™ื ืกื™' ื“ ืก"ืง ื‘) ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื”ืŸ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืœืคื™ ื”ื“ืขื” ืฉืขื•ื‘ืจ ื™ืจืš ืืžื•, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ื”ื•ื ืžื™ื•ื—ืก ืœืืžื• ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ื—ืœืง ืžืžื ื”. ื•ืขื•ื“, ืฉื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื–ื• ืื•ืชื” ืื™ืฉื”, ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื™ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืืœื™ื”, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืžืฉื ืœืคื•ื ื“ืงืื•ืช, ืฉื‘ื” ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืชื™ ื ืฉื™ื.
2. ื˜ื‘ื™ืœืช ืžืขื•ื‘ืจืช ืฉื”ืชื’ื™ื™ืจื”: ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื›ื–ื• ืžื•ืขื™ืœื” ืœื•ื•ืœื“, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื’ื“ืœ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืื™ืฉื” โ€“ ื’ื•ืคื” ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืฆืฅ (ื™ื‘ืžื•ืช ืขื— ืข"ื). ืžืฉืžืข ืฉื”ื•ื•ืœื“ ืžืฆื“ ืขืฆืžื• ื˜ืขื•ืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืช , ื•ืœื™ื“ืชื• ืžืื ืฉื”ืชื’ื™ื™ืจื” โ€“ ืื™ื ื” ืžื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืื•ืชื• ืœื™ื”ื•ื“ื™. ืืš ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื•ืœื“ ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืžื›ื•ื— ื”ืœื™ื“ื”, ื•ืื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืชื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืืœื ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื’ื•ื™ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื˜ื‘ื•ืœ ืขืœ ืฉื ื›ื ืก ืžืจืฉื•ืช ื’ื•ื™ ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ (ื–ื›ืจ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื—ืœืง ื ืกื™' ื“).
3. ื”ื“ื‘ื™ืง ืฉื ื™ ืจื—ืžื™ื: ื‘ื’ืžืจื (ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืข ืข"ื) ื”ืกืชืคืงื• ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื• ื•ืœื“ ืžืจื—ื ืœืจื—ื, ืื ื”ื•ื•ืœื“ ื”ื™ื•ืฆื ืคื•ื˜ืจ ืืช ื‘ืขืœืช ื”ืจื—ื ื”ืฉื ื™ ื›ื“ื™ืŸ ืคื˜ืจ ืจื—ื, ืืฃ ืฉื”ื•ื•ืœื“ ืื™ื ื• ืžื™ื•ื—ืก ืœื”. ืžืฉืžืข ืฉื”ืœื™ื“ื” ืื™ื ื” ืงื•ื‘ืขืช ืื™ืžื”ื•ืช. ืืš ื™ืฉ ืœื“ื—ื•ืช ืจืื™ื” ื–ื•, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืฉื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื™ื“ื”, ืžื”ืจื—ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ.
4. ืขืจืœื”: "ื™ืœื“ื” ืฉืกื™ื‘ื›ื” ื‘ื–ืงื™ื ื” โ€“ ื‘ื˜ืœื” ื™ืœื“ื” ื‘ื–ืงื™ื ื” ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื” ื“ื™ืŸ ืขืจืœื”" (ืกื•ื˜ื” ืžื’ ืข"ื‘), ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืžืฉื ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช ื‘ื˜ืœื” ืœืคื•ื ื“ืงืื™ืช. ืืš ื™ืฉ ืœื“ื—ื•ืช ืจืื™ื” ื–ื•, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื“ืขืช ืจืฉ"ื™ (ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ืžื˜ ืข"ื ื“"ื” ื•ื”ื‘ืจื™ืš) ื˜ืขื ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื•ื 'ื–ื” ื•ื–ื” ื’ื•ืจื ืžื•ืชืจ' (ืืžื ื ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ืฉื ื“"ื” ืฉืื ื˜ืขื ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื•ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ, ื•ืจืื” ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ืขืจืœื” ืกื™' ื‘ ืก"ืง ื˜ื•). ื•ืขื•ื“, ืฉื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ืคืจืชื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื•, ืฉืื™ื ื• ื‘ื˜ืœ. ื•ืขื•ื“, ืฉื’ื ื”ื™ืœื“ื” ื•ื’ื ื”ื–ืงื ื” ื”ื ืคื•ืจื™ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœืคื ื™ื ื• ืจืง ืื—ืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืคื•ืจื™ื™ื”.
5. ื—ื“ืฉ: ื‘ื’ืžืจื (ืžื ื—ื•ืช ืกื˜ ืข"ื‘) ื”ืกืชืคืงื• ื‘ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืœืช ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืฉืœื™ืฉ ืงื•ื“ื ื”ืขื•ืžืจ, ื•ืขืงืจื” ื•ืฉืชืœื” ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืขื•ืžืจ, ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื”ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืœืช ื’ื“ืœื” ืžืขื˜, ืื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืื—ืจ ื”ืขื™ืงืจ ืื• ืื—ืจ ื”ืชื•ืกืคืช. ื•ื ืฉืืจื• ื‘ืชื™ืงื•. ื•ืœืคื™ ื–ื” ื’ื ื‘ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื•ืช ื™ืฉ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืกืคืง. ืืš ื™ืฉ ืœื“ื—ื•ืช ืจืื™ื” ื–ื•, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื—ื“ืฉ, ื”ื”ืฉืจืฉื” ืงื•ื‘ืขืช, ื•ื”ืกืคืง ื”ืื ืœืœื›ืช ืื—ืจ ื”ื”ืฉืจืฉื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืื• ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื•ืช ื™ืฉ ืจืง ื”ืฉืจืฉื” ืื—ืช.
6. ืงื•ื“ื ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•ื "ืžื™ื ื‘ืขืœืžื": ื‘ื’ืžืจื (ื™ื‘ืžื•ืช ืกื˜ ืข"ื‘) ืืžืจื• ืฉื‘ืช ื›ื”ืŸ ืฉื ื™ืฉืืช ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืžืช, ื˜ื•ื‘ืœืช ื•ืื•ื›ืœืช ื‘ืชืจื•ืžื” ืœืขืจื‘ ืขื“ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•ื, ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ื”ืชืขื‘ืจื” ืžืžื ื• โ€“ ืขื“ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•ื ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื ื›"ืžื™ื ื‘ืขืœืžื". ื•ืขืœ ืคื™ ื–ื” ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื”ืขืจื•ืช (ืกื™' ืขื’, ืกืขื™ืฃ ื™ื‘) ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžืขื•ื‘ืจืช ืฉื”ืชื’ื™ื™ืจื”, ืฉืื ื”ืชื’ื™ื™ืจื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•ื ืœืขื™ื‘ื•ืจ โ€“ ื”ื•ื•ืœื“ ืื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ื’ื™ื•ืจ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื•, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ืžื™ื ื‘ืขืœืžื. ื”ืฉืชืœืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื™ืช ื ืขืฉื” ืชื•ืš ื™ืžื™ื ืกืคื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ื”ืคืจื™ื”, ื•ืœืคื™ ื–ื” ื”ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื™ืช ืชื™ื—ืฉื‘ ืœืื. ืืš ื™ืฉ ืœื“ื—ื•ืช ืจืื™ื” ื–ื• ื•ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืžื™ื ื‘ืขืœืžื ืžืฆื“ ืžืžืฉื•ืชื•, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืžืฆื“ ื™ื™ื—ื•ืกื•, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื™ืชืคืชื— ื•ื™ื‘ืฉื™ืœ ืœื›ืœืœ ื•ื•ืœื“ โ€“ ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื™ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื‘ืขืœืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช.
7. ืžืงืฆืช ืื‘: ื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช (ืกื•ื˜ื” ืžื‘ ืข"ื‘ ื“"ื” ืžืื”) ื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉืื™ืฉื” ืฉื”ืชืขื‘ืจื” ืžื›ืžื” ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื (ืœื ื ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืฉืืœื” ืื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื™ืช), ื›ื•ืœื ื ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื•ืœื“. ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื•ืช, ืฉืฉืชื™ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช 'ืžืงืฆืช ืื'. ืืš ื™ืฉ ืœื“ื—ื•ืช ืจืื™ื” ื–ื•, ื•ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืื‘ื”ื•ืช, ืฉื›ื•ืœื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื‘ื ืชื™ื ืช ื”ื–ืจืข, ื”ืจื™ ืฉืืฆืœ ื”ืื™ืžื”ื•ืช ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžืžืœืืช ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ืฉื•ื ื”, ื•ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืื—ืช ืžื”ื ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ืžื—ื‘ืจืชื”.
ื’) ืจืื™ื•ืช ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ืื’ื“ื” (ื“ื—ื™ื™ื” ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืœื›ืœ ื”ืจืื™ื•ืช: ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืจืื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืœื›ื” ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ืื’ื“ื”, ืจืื” ื ื•ื“ืข ื‘ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืชื ื™ื ื ื™ื•"ื“ ืกื™' ืงืกื, ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื“ื™ ื—ืžื“ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืืœ"ืฃ, ืื•ืช ืฆื”, ืฉื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื ื—ืœืงื• ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืจืื™ื” ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ืื’ื“ื” ื›ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื›ืš ืกืชื™ืจื” ืžืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืœื›ืชื™):
1. ืฉื 'ืึตื': ื‘ื’ืžืจื (ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื™ื’ ืข"ื) ื“ืจืฉื• ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืืกืชืจ, "ืขื™ื‘ืจืชื” โ€“ ืžืช ืื‘ื™ื”, ื™ืœื“ืชื” โ€“ ืžืชื” ืืžื”". ืžืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืจืฉ"ื™ (ืฉื ื“"ื” ื•ื›ืฉื™ืœื“ืชื”), ื”ืžื”ืจ"ืœ (ืื•ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ, ืืกืชืจ ื‘, ื–), ื•ื”ืจ"ื™ ืขื ื’ื™ืœ (ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื—ืœืง ื ื›ืœืœ ื“, ืขืจืš 'ืื‘') ืขื•ืœื” ืฉืจืง ืžืฉืขืช ื”ืœื™ื“ื” ื—ืœ ืฉื 'ืื', ื•ืื ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื•ืœื“ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืื. ืืš ื™ืฉ ืœื“ื—ื•ืช ืจืื™ื” ื–ื•, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื”ืœื™ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ืชื ืื™ ืœื—ืœื•ืช ืฉื 'ืื', ื•ืื™ื ื” ื ืงืจืืช ืื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืœื™ื“ื”, ืืš ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืœืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืื ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื•ืœื“ืช.
2. ื—ื™ืœื•ืฃ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื“ื™ื ื”: ื‘ื’ืžืจื (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืก ืข"ื) ืžืฉืžืข ืฉื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืช ืœืื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื–ื›ืจ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื”ื™ืจื™ื•ืŸ, ื•ืœืื” ื”ืชืคืœืœื” ืฉื”ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื™ื”ืคื•ืš ืœื ืงื‘ื”, ื•ื›ืš ื”ื™ื”. ื”ืžื”ืจืฉ"ื (ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ ืื’ื“ื•ืช ื ื“ื” ืœื ืข"ื ื“"ื” ื•ืืช ื“ื™ื ื”) ืžืคืจืฉ ืฉื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ืจื—ืžื” ืฉืœ ืจื—ืœ ื•ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืจื—ืžื” ืฉืœ ืœืื”, ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืชืคื™ืœืช ืœืื” ื”ื ื”ื•ื—ืœืคื•, ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฉืžืข ื‘ืชืจื’ื•ื ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ ื‘ืŸ ืขื•ื–ื™ืืœ (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืœ, ื›ื). ื•ื–ื” ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืžืฆื‘ ื–ื”ื” ืœืคื•ื ื“ืงืื•ืช, ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืœืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช ืœื™ื•ืœื“ืช. ืื•ืœื ื‘ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืขืฆืžื• ื™ืฉ ืจืื™ื•ืช ืกื•ืชืจื•ืช ืœื›ืืŸ ื•ืœื›ืืŸ. ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“, ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืžื™ื•ื—ืก ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืœืจื—ืœ, ื•ื“ื™ื ื” ืœืœืื”, ื•ืžื›ืืŸ ืžื•ื›ื— ืฉื”ืœื™ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืงื•ื‘ืขืช ืืช ื”ืื™ืžื”ื•ืช. ื•ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™, ื”ื˜ื•ืจ (ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ื”ืืจื•ืš ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืžื•, ื™) ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช (ืžื•ืฉื‘ ื–ืงื ื™ื ืœื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืžื•, ื™) ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ืื’ื“ื” ื–ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืฉื‘ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ืฉื ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืืช ื“ื™ื ื” (ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืจื‘ื” ืคืจืฉื” ืค), ื•ื”ืจื™ ื”ื™ื ืื—ื•ืชื• ืžื”ืื, ื•ืชื™ืจืฆื• ืฉืื™ื ื” ืื—ื•ืชื•, ืืœื ื‘ืช ืจื—ืœ. ื•ืœืคื™ ื–ื” ืžื•ื›ื— ืฉื‘ืขืœืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืื™ืžื. ื•ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื™ืฉ ืœื“ื—ื•ืช ืจืื™ื” ื–ื•, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืžืžืขืฉื” ื ืกื™ื, ื•ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื”ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืชื—ืœืคื• ื’ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื’ื ื˜ื™ืช.
3. ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื”ื•ื•ืœื“: ื‘ื’ืžืจื (ื ื“ื” ืœื ืข"ื) ืืžืจื•: "ืืžื• ืžื–ืจืขืช ืื•ื“ื, ืฉืžืžื ื• ืขื•ืจ ื•ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ืฉืขืจื•ืช ื•ืฉื—ื•ืจ ืฉื‘ืขื™ืŸ", ืžื›ืืŸ ืžืฉืžืข ืฉื”ืื™ืžื”ื•ืช ื ืงื‘ืขืช ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช ื•ื”ืžื˜ืขืŸ ื”ื’ื ื˜ื™.
4. ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื•ืจื™ื: ืืžืจื• ื‘ื–ื•ื”ืจ (ืจืขื™ื ืžื”ื™ืžื ื, ื™ืชืจื• ืฆื’ ืข"ื): "ื›ื‘ืŸ ื“ืื™ื”ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ื™ืงืจื ื“ืื‘ื•ื™ ื•ืืžื™ื”, ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื“ืื™ื”ื• ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืžืชืจื™ืŸ ื˜ืคื™ืŸ ื“ืžื ื”ื•ืŸ ื ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืจ ื ืฉ, ืžื˜ืคื” ื“ืื‘ื•ื” ื—ื•ื•ืจื• ื“ืขื™ื™ื ื™ืŸ ื•ื’ืจืžื™ืŸ ื•ืื‘ืจื™ืŸ, ื•ืžื˜ืคื” ื“ืืžื™ื” ืฉื—ื•ืจ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขื™ื™ื ื™ืŸ ื•ืฉืขืจื ื•ืžืฉื›ื ื•ื‘ืฉืจื". ืžื›ืืŸ ืžืฉืžืข ืฉืื™ืžื”ื•ืช ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ืžื˜ืขืŸ ื”ื’ื ื˜ื™ ืฉื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช.
ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื
ืจ' ืขืงื™ื‘ื ืื™ื’ืจ: ื ืงืจืืช ืื ื‘ืขื™ื‘ื•ืจ (ื™ื•"ื“ ืกื™' ืคื– ืขืœ ืฉ"ืš ืก"ืง ื™ื“). ืืžื ื ื‘ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื•ืช, ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช ืœืขื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ืฆ"ืข ืžื” ื“ืขืชื•.
ืฆื™ืฅ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ: ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื”ื”ืคืจื™ื” ืงื•ื‘ืขืช, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ื”ืคืจื™ื™ืช ืžื‘ื—ื ื” ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ื—ื•ืก ื›ืœืœ (ื—ืœืง ื˜ื• ืกื™' ืžื”, ืžืกื‘ืจื”). ืืš ื ืจืื” ืฉืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื—ื–ืจ ื‘ื• ื•ื”ื›ืจื™ืข ืฉื”ื™ื•ืœื“ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืื (ื—ืœืง ื™ื˜ ืกื™' ืž; ื—ืœืง ื› ืกื™' ืžื˜; ื—ืœืง ื›ื‘ ืกื™' ื ื”, ืžืฉื•ื ื”ืจืื™ื” ืžื“ื™ืŸ ื™ืœื“ื” ืฉืกื™ื‘ื›ื” ื‘ื–ืงื™ื ื”).
ื”ื’ืจ"ืฉ ื’ื•ืจืŸ: ืื—ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช (ืชื•ืจืช ื”ืจืคื•ืื” ืขืž' 173โ€“183).
ื”ื’ืจืฉ"ื– ืื•ื™ืจื‘ืš: ื”ื ืฉืžืช ืื‘ืจื”ื (ื—ืœืง ื“, ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื–ืจ ืกื™' ื” ืก"ืง ื‘) ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืฉืžื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื›ืจื™ืข ื‘ืฉืืœื”, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ืฉืฉืชื™ื”ืŸ ื”ืื. ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืืจื™ืืœ ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืฉื ืคืจื•ืค' ื–ืื‘ ืœื‘ ืฉื”ื’ืจืฉ"ื– ืืžืจ ืœื• ืฉื‘ืขืœืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืื™ืžื, ื•ื›ืš ื”ืขื™ื“ ื’ื ื”ืจื‘ ืื‘ื™ื’ื“ื•ืจ ื ื‘ื ืฆืืœ ื‘ื›ืชื‘ (ื›ืŸ ื”ืจืื” ืœื ื• ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื’ืืœ ืฉืคืจืŸ). ืืžื ื ื”ืจื‘ ืคืจื•ืค' ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉื˜ื™ื ื‘ืจื’ ืžืกืจ ืœื ื• ื‘ืฉื ื”ื’ืจืฉ"ื– ืฉืื™ืŸ ื“ืจืš ืœื”ื›ืจื™ืข ื‘ืฉืืœื” ื–ื•, ื•ื“ื—ื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืจืื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืœื›ืืŸ ื•ืœื›ืืŸ, ื•ืคืกืง ืฉืฉืชื™ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืŸ ืื™ืžื”ื•ืช ืœื—ื•ืžืจื”.
ื”ื’ืจื™"ืฉ ืืœื™ืฉื™ื‘: ื”ื ืฉืžืช ืื‘ืจื”ื (ืฉื) ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืฉืžื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื›ืจื™ืข ื‘ืฉืืœื”, ืื‘ืœ ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื”ื™ื•ืœื“ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืื. ื”ืจื‘ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืจืžืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืฉืžื•, ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช ืงื•ื‘ืขืช ืืช ื”ืื™ืžื”ื•ืช (ื™ืฉื•ืจื•ืŸ ื›ื ืขืž' ืชืงืœื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืขื™ื“ ื”ืจื‘ ืื‘ื™ื’ื“ื•ืจ ื ื‘ื ืฆืืœ) ืืš ื”ืกื›ื™ื ืฉืงื‘ื™ืขื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืจืง ืžืกื‘ืจื”, ื•ืžื›ื•ื— ื–ื” ืื™ืŸ ืœื“ื—ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื•ืœื“ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื›ืจื™ืข ืืฃ ื”ื•ื ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ืœื—ื•ืžืจื” (ื™ืฉื•ืจื•ืŸ ืฉื ืขืž' ืชืงืžื“).
ืžื•"ืจ ื”ื’ืจ"ืฉ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™: ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืื—ืจ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•ื ืœืขื™ื‘ื•ืจ (ื—ื•ื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื—ืœืง ื‘ ืกื™' ืกื—, ืœืคื™ ื”ืกื‘ืจื” ืฉืงื•ื“ื ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•ื ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื ืžื™ื ื‘ืขืœืžื).
ื”ื’ืจ"ืข ื™ื•ืกืฃ: ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช (ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืจืืฉืœ"ืฆ ืฉ"ืž ืขืžืืจ). ื•ื›ืŸ ื“ืขืช ื”ืจืืฉืœ"ืฆ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ"ืž ืขืžืืจ ืœื”ืœื›ื”.
ื”ืจื‘ ืื‘ื™ื’ื“ื•ืจ ื ื‘ื ืฆืœ: ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช (ื™ืฉื•ืจื•ืŸ ื›ื ืขืž' ืชืงืคื”, ืžืกื‘ืจื”).
ืžื•"ืจ ื”ื’ืจื–"ื  ื’ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจื’: ื”ื™ื•ืœื“ืช (ืชื—ื•ืžื™ืŸ ื—ืœืง ื” ืขืž' 248โ€“259, ืžื“ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ืื—ื™ื ืชืื•ืžื™ื), ืืš ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื•ืจื” ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ืœืคื™ ืฉืชื™ ื”ื“ืขื•ืช (ืืกื™ื ืกื”-ืกื• ืขืž' 45).
ื”ืจื‘ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื™ืฆื—ืง ื›ืœืื‘: ืœืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช, ื•ืœืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืื™ืžื”ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืœื“ืช (ืชื—ื•ืžื™ืŸ ื”, ืžื™ื”ื™ ืืžื• ืฉืœ ื™ืœื•ื“ โ€“ ื”ื”ื•ืจื” ืื• ื”ื™ื•ืœื“ืช?, ืขืž' 260โ€“267. ื•ื›ืชื‘ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืคื•ืกืง ืœื”ืœื›ื”). ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืžื—ืœืงืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื, ื•ืœืฉืืจ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื.
ื”ืจื‘ ืขื–ืจื ื‘ื™ืง: ื”ืขื™ื‘ื•ืจ (ืชื—ื•ืžื™ืŸ ื—ืœืง ื– ืขืž' 266โ€“270, ืžื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ื™ืง ืฉื ื™ ืจื—ืžื™ื. ื•ื‘ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื•ืช, ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื—ื ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช ืœืขื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ื ืฉืืจ ื‘ืฆ"ืข).
ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืืจื™ืืœ: ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช (ื‘ืื”ืœื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื” ื—ืœืง ื, ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื–ืจ ืกื™' ืข, ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืกืจ ื‘ืฉื™ื—ื” ืขืžื•, ืžืกื‘ืจื”).
ืžื•"ืจ ื”ื’ืจื "ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ืฅ: ื”ื™ื•ืœื“ืช (ืฉื™ื— ื ื—ื•ื ืกื™' ืงื, ืžืกื‘ืจื”. ื•ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืฆืจืฃ ืœื›ืš ืฉืงื•ื“ื ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•ื ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื ืžื™ื ื‘ืขืœืžื).
ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื™ืฉ ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืฉื”ื›ืจื™ืขื• ืœืžืขืฉื” ื—ื“-ืžืฉืžืขื™ืช: ื”ื’ืจ"ืฉ ื’ื•ืจืŸ (ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช), ื”ืฆื™ืฅ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ (ื”ื™ื•ืœื“ืช), ื”ื’ืจ"ืฉ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ (ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจื”, ื•ื‘ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื™ืช), ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืืจื™ืืœ (ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช, ืืš ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื™ืช ื’ื•ื™ื”, ืืฃ ืฉืžืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืœื“ืขืชื• ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื’ื™ื•ืจ, ืœืžืขืฉื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื’ื™ื™ืจื•, ื•ื›ืกื‘ืจืช ื”ื’ืจื–"ื  ื’ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจื’ ืœืงืžืŸ, ืœื—ื•ืฉ ืœื“ืขืช ื”ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื), ื”ื’ืจ"ืข ื™ื•ืกืฃ (ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช), ื”ื’ืจื "ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ืฅ (ื”ื™ื•ืœื“ืช).
ืื•ืœื ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื” ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืฉืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื”ื›ืจื™ืขื• ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื”ืœื›ืชื™ืช ืžื™ื”ื™ ื”ืื, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ืกื›ื™ืžื• ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ื•ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืฉืชื™ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื›ืืœ ืึตื ื”ื•ื•ืœื“, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืคืกื•ืง ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื•ืช ืขืœ ืคื™ ืกื‘ืจื•ืช ื•ืจืื™ื•ืช ืœื ืžื•ื›ืจื—ื•ืช: ื”ื’ืจื–"ื  ื’ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจื’ ืกื•ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื•ืœื“ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืื, ื•ืœืžืขืฉื” ื›ืชื‘ ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ืฉืฉืชื™ื”ืŸ ื”ืื. ื•ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื ื™ืžื•ืง, ืฉื“ื™ ื‘ื“ืขืช ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ืฉืœ ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืฉื™ืขืจืขืจื• ืขืœ ื”ืงื‘ื™ืขื” ื”ื”ืœื›ืชื™ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคื’ื•ื ื‘ืžืขืžื“ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื•ืœื“, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœืฆืืช ื™ื“ื™ ื“ืขืช ื›ื•ืœื. ื”ื’ืจืฉ"ื– ืื•ื™ืจื‘ืš ืกื‘ืจ ืฉื‘ืขืœืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืื (ื”ืจื‘ ื ื‘ื ืฆืืœ ื•ืคืจื•ืค' ืœื‘ ื‘ืฉืžื•), ื•ืœืžืขืฉื” ืืžืจ ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ืฉืฉืชื™ื”ืŸ ื”ืื ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ื™ื•ืจ. ื’ื ื”ื’ืจื™"ืฉ ืืœื™ืฉื™ื‘ ืกื‘ืจ ืฉื‘ืขืœืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืื, ื•ืœืžืขืฉื” ืืžืจ ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ื™ื•ืจ ื‘ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื™ืช ื’ื•ื™ื”. ืื•ืœื ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื’ืืœ ืฉืคืจืŸ (ืจืืฉ ืžื—ืœืงืช ืจืคื•ืื” ื•ื”ืœื›ื” ื‘ืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื™ืช) ื”ืจืื” ืœื ื• (ื‘ื™ื•ื ื›"ื• ื‘ื›ืกืœื• ืชืฉืข"ื’) ืขื“ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ืžื”ืจื‘ ืื‘ื™ื’ื“ื•ืจ ื ื‘ื ืฆืืœ ืฉื”ื’ืจื™"ืฉ ืืœื™ืฉื™ื‘ ื”ื›ืจื™ืข ืœืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืžืกื•ื™ื, ืขืœ ืคื™ ืกื‘ืจื”, ืฉื‘ืขืœืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืื.
8 ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ืžื’ึดื ื” ืขืœ ื”ื—ืœืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืคื ื™ ื”ื—ื–ืง, ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืœื›ืœ ืื•ืจืš ื›ืœ ืืจื‘ืขืช ื—ืœืงื™ ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš (ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ื”ื”ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉื—ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžืœื•ื•ื” ื‘ื’ื‘ื™ื™ืช ืžืฉื›ื•ืŸ ืžื”ืœื•ื•ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ื•ื‘ื•, ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš ื—ื•"ืž ืกื™' ืฆื–).
9 ื—ืœืง ื ื™ื›ืจ ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ื”ื•ืงื“ืฉ ืœื›ืš (ืœืžืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ื”, ื—: "ื”ื•ึนื™ ืžึทื’ึผึดื™ืขึตื™ ื‘ึทื™ึดืช ื‘ึผึฐื‘ึทื™ึดืช ืฉื‚ึธื“ึถื” ื‘ึฐืฉื‚ึธื“ึถื” ื™ึทืงึฐืจึดื™ื‘ื•ึผ ืขึทื“ ืึถืคึถืก ืžึธืงื•ึนื").
10 ื›ืœืœ ื”ื•ื ืฉ"ื“ื™ื ื ื“ืžืœื›ื•ืชื ื“ื™ื ื" (ื ื“ืจื™ื ื›ื— ืข"ื; ื’ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ื™ ืข"ื‘; ื‘ื‘ื ืงืžื ืงื™ื’ ืข"ื-ืข"ื‘; ื‘ื‘ื ื‘ืชืจื ื ื“ ืข"ื‘), ื•ื›ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ื‘ืจืžื‘"ื (ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื’ื–ืœื” ืคืจืง ื”) ื•ื‘ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš (ื—ื•"ืž ืกื™' ืฉืกื˜).
11 ื”ืžื”ืจืฉ"ื (ื—ืœืง ื’ ืกื™' ืจืกื—) ื”ืชื™ืจ ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื–ืจืข ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ื–ืจืขื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช, ืืš ืกื™ื™ื’ ืืช ื”ื™ืชืจื• ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืื—ืจื™ ืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื•ืช ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื–ื•ื’ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ืจื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื˜ื‘ืข. ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ื ื“ื•ื•ืงื (ืžื ื—ืช ื™ืฆื—ืง ื—ืœืง ื ืกื™' ื ; ื—ืœืง ื’ ืกื™' ืงื—), ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืžื•ืชืจ ืืฃ ืื—ืจื™ ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื (ืื’ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื” ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื–ืจ ื—ืœืง ืข ื‘ ืกื™' ื˜ื–), ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉื”ืชื™ืจื• ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื (ืฆื™ืฅ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื—ืœืง ื˜ ืกื™' ื ื ืคืจืง ื ืื•ืช ื™ื“, ื‘ืฉื ืกืคืจ ื—ื™ื™ ื ืคืฉ ื—ืœืง ื ื“ืฃ ืคื“, ื‘ืฉื ื”ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืื™ืฉ). ื”ื™ื‘ื™ืข ืื•ืžืจ (ื—ืœืง ื— ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื–ืจ ืกื™' ื›ื) ืคืกืง ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ืื—ืจื™ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืžืžื•ืฉืš, ื•ืขืœ ืคื™ ื—ื•ื•ืช ื“ืขืช ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืื•ืคืŸ ืื—ืจ ืœื”ื™ืจื™ื•ืŸ. ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืฆื™ืฅ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ (ื—ืœืง ื˜ ืกื™' ื ื), ืฉืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื›ืœืœื™ื ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ื–ื•, ื•ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” ื ื“ื•ืŸ ืœื’ื•ืคื•, ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ืฉืขื‘ืจื” ื”ืื™ืฉื” ื•ื—ื•ื•ืช ื“ืขืช ืจืคื•ืื™ืช ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ื”ื”ื™ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื˜ื‘ืข. ืœื›ืœ ื”ื“ืขื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื–ืจืข ืืœื ืื ื–ื”ื• ื”ืžื•ืฆื ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช.
12 ืžืœื‘ื“ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ืœื™ื“ื”.
13 ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื’ืžืจื (ื™ื‘ืžื•ืช ืขื• ืข"ื) ืžืฆืื ื• ื”ื™ืชืจ ืœื”ื•ืฆืืช ื–ืจืข, ืื ื™ืฉ ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉืื“ื ื”ื•ื ื›ืจื•ืช ืฉืคื›ื” ื•ืืกื•ืจ ืœื• ืœื‘ื•ื ื‘ืงื”ืœ. ื•ื ื—ืœืงื• ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ื˜ืขื ื”ื”ื™ืชืจ:
ื) ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืœื›ืœ ืฆื•ืจืš ืžื•ืชืจ, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื˜ืœื” (ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืกื™' ื›ื” ืก"ืง ื‘; ืฉืื™ืœืช ื™ืขื‘"ืฅ ื—ืœืง ื ืกื™' ืžื’; ืื’ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื” ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื–ืจ ื—ืœืง ื ืกื™' ืข). ื•ืœืคื™ ื–ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืžื•ืชืจ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืคืจื™ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช.
ื‘) ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืžื•ืชืจ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืงื™ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืคืจื• ื•ืจื‘ื• (ืขืจื•ืš ืœื ืจ ื™ื‘ืžื•ืช ืขื• ืข"ื), ื•ืœืคื™ ื–ื” ื”ื”ื™ืชืจ ื‘ื”ืคืจื™ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืฉืืœื” ืื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ื” ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืคืจื• ื•ืจื‘ื•, ื•ื›ื“ืœืงืžืŸ. ื“ืขื” ื–ื• ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืขืœ ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช (ื™ื‘ืžื•ืช ื™ื‘ ืข"ื‘ ื“"ื” ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื‘ืฉื ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืชื; ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ื ื˜ ืข"ื‘ ื“"ื” ื•ื”ื), ืฉืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืฉื–"ืœ ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืคืจื• ื•ืจื‘ื•, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื ืฉื™ื ืœื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืฉื—ืชืช ื–ืจืข, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืคืจื• ื•ืจื‘ื• ืœื ืฉื™ื™ืš ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืฉื–"ืœ. ืืš ืœื“ืขืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื (ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ื ื“ื” ื™ื’ ืข"ื ื•ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืฉื) ืืฃ ื ืฉื™ื ื”ื•ื–ื”ืจื• ืขืœ ื”ืฉื—ืชืช ื–ืจืข, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ืœืฉื™ื˜ืชื ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืฉื–"ืœ ื”ื•ื ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืขืฆืžื™ ื•ืื™ื ื ื• ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืคืจื• ื•ืจื‘ื•. ืœืฉื™ื˜ืชื ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื›ืœ ืฉื™ืฉ ืชื•ืขืœืช ื‘ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื”ื–ืจืข, ื•ืœืื• ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืžืฉื•ื ืคืจื• ื•ืจื‘ื•, ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืš ืื™ืกื•ืจ (ื‘ืื”ืœื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื” ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื–ืจ ืกื™' ืกื˜ ืื•ืช ื•). ื•ืžืฆืื ื• ืฉื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื ื—ืœืงื• ื‘ื›ืš (ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื–ืจืขื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช): ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืขื•ื–ื™ืืœ (ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื–ืจ ืกื™' ื™ื˜) ื™ืฉ ืœืืกื•ืจ ืื ืื™ื ื• ืžืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ืš ืคืจื• ื•ืจื‘ื•. ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืžืชื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื”, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืžืงื™ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืึถื‘ึถืช (ืžื ื—ืช ืฉืœืžื” ื—ืœืง ื‘ ืกื™' ืงื›ื“). ื•ืขื•ื“, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื™ื•ื•ืœื“ื• ืžื›ืš ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ืืฃ ืื ืื™ื ื• ืžืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื”, ืื™ืŸ ื–ื• ื”ื•ืฆืื” ืœื‘ื˜ืœื” (ืฉืจื™ื“ื™ ืืฉ ื—ืœืง ื ืกื™' ืขื˜).
ื’) ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืžื•ืชืจ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื™ืื” ื‘ืงื”ืœ (ืฉื‘ื˜ ืกื•ืคืจ ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื–ืจ ืกื™' ื), ื•ืœืคื™ ื–ื” ืื™ืŸ ืžื›ืืŸ ืžืงื•ืจ ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ื‘ื”ืคืจื™ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช.
ื“) ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื‘ืกืคืง ื›ืจื•ืช ืฉืคื›ื” ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืฉื–"ืœ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื‘ืœื™ ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื•ืœื™ื“ (ืžื”ืจืฉ"ื ื—ืœืง ื’ ืกื™' ืจืกื—; ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืžืœื›ื™ืืœ ื—ืœืง ื” ืกื™' ืงื ื–), ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืžืฉื ืœืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื.
ื”ื™ืชืจ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืžืฆืื ื• ื‘ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช (ื™ื‘ืžื•ืช ืœื“ ืข"ื‘ ื“"ื” ื•ืœื, ืœืคื™ ืื—ื“ ื”ืชื™ืจื•ืฆื™ื), ืฉืžื•ืชืจ ืœืื“ื ืœื‘ื•ื ืขืœ ืืฉืชื• ืฉืœื ื›ื“ืจื›ื” ื‘ืืงืจืื™ ืื ืžืชืื•ื•ื” ืœื›ืš. ื”ืžืฉื™ื‘ ื“ื‘ืจ (ื—ืœืง ื‘ ืกื™' ืคื—) ื‘ื™ืืจ ืฉื›ืœ ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื‘ื™ืื” ื•ืื™ืŸ ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืœื”ืฉื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ื–ืจืข ืžื•ืชืจ. ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื›ื”ืŸ (ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื–ืจ ืกื™' ืœื”) ื‘ื™ืืจ ืฉื›ืœ ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ื›ืŸ ืœืชื•ืขืœืช, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืฉืงื™ื˜ ืืช ื™ืฆืจื•, ืื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื˜ืœื” ื•ืžื•ืชืจ, ื•ืœืคื™ ื–ื” ื›ืœ ืฉื›ืŸ ืฉืžื•ืชืจ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืžืฆื•ื•ื”. ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืื’ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื” (ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื–ืจ ื—ืœืง ื“ ืกื™' ืข), ืฉื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืชืื•ื•ื” โ€“ ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื•ืœื ืœื‘ื˜ืœื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฉืžืข ื‘ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ืจื™"ื“ (ื™ื‘ืžื•ืช ื™ื‘ ืข"ื‘). ืื•ืœื, ืœื“ืขื” ืื—ืจืช ื‘ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช (ืฉื, ื‘ืชื™ืจื•ืฆื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ) ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื›ื‘ืช ื–ืจืข ื‘ื‘ื™ืื” ืฉืœื ื›ื“ืจื›ื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฉืžืข ื‘ืจืžื‘"ื (ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ ื‘ื™ืื” ื›ื, ื˜), ื•ื›ืŸ ื ืงื˜ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ (ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื–ืจ ืกื™' ื›ื”). ืฉืชื™ ื”ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ื•ื‘ืื• ื‘ืจืž"ื (ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื–ืจ ื›ื”, ื‘). ืื•ืœื ื’ื ืœืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืื•ืกืจื™ื, ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ื‘ื™ืื” ืฉืœื ื›ื“ืจื›ื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืจืง ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ื ืื” ืืกื•ืจ, ืื‘ืœ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื™ื•ื“ื• ืฉืžื•ืชืจ (ืฉื‘ื˜ ืกื•ืคืจ ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื–ืจ ืกื™' ื).
ื”ืžื”ืจืฉ"ื (ื—ืœืง ื’ ืกื™' ืจืกื—) ื”ืขืœื” ืกื‘ืจื” ืฉืžื ืฉื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืจืง ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืฉื—ืชื”, ืืš ื›ืœ ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ืœืฉื ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ, ืืฃ ืื ื™ืฉ ืกืคืง ืื ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื™ืฆืœื™ื—, ืื™ื ื• ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื”ืฉื—ืชื” ื•ืื™ื ื• ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ. ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืœื›ืš ืžืฆืื ื• ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœืงืฆื•ืฅ ืขืฅ ืžืื›ืœ, ืฉื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืฉื—ืชื” (ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืžืœื›ื™ื ื•, ื—). ื•ื›ืŸ ื“ืขืช ื”ื”ืจ ืฆื‘ื™ (ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื–ืจ ืกื™' ื“), ืืš ื™ืฉ ืฉื—ืœืงื• ืขืœ ื›ืš (ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืžืœื›ื™ืืœ ื—ืœืง ื” ืกื™' ืงื ื–; ื™ืฉื›ื™ืœ ืขื‘ื“ื™ ื—ืœืง ื” ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื–ืจ ืกื™' ื™).
ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ืชื™ืจื• ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื–ืจืข ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืจืคื•ืื™ืช (ืฆื™ืฅ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื—ืœืง ื˜ ืกื™' ื ื ืคืจืง ื; ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืขื•ื–ื™ืืœ ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื–ืจ ืกื™' ืžื‘; ืื’ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื” ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื–ืจ ื—ืœืง ื ืกื™' ืข; ืื—ื™ืขื–ืจ ื—ืœืง ื’ ืกื™' ื›ื“), ื•ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืฉื”ืชื™ืจื• ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ื–ืจืขื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช, ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื–ืจืข ืขืฆืžื• ืžืฉืžืฉ ืœื”ืคืจื™ื” (ืžื”ืจืฉ"ื ื—ืœืง ื’ ืกื™' ืจืกื—; ืžื ื—ืช ื™ืฆื—ืง ื—ืœืง ื’ ืกื™' ืงื—). ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืชื™ืจื™ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื•ื”ื–ืจืขื” ื™ื•ื“ื• ืฉืžื•ืชืจ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืคืจื™ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช (ื™ื‘ื™ืข ืื•ืžืจ ื—ืœืง ื— ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื–ืจ ืกื™' ื›ื).
ื™ื•ืฆืืช ื“ื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื ื“ืขืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื™ืฅ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ (ื—ืœืง ื˜ื• ืกื™' ืžื”), ืฉืื•ืกืจ ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื–ืจืข ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืคืจื™ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช (ื’ื ืื ืžืฉืชื™ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื”ืื™ืฉื”), ืืฃ ืฉื”ืชื™ืจ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ื–ืจืขื”. ื•ืืกืจ ื–ืืช ืžื›ืžื” ื˜ืขืžื™ื:
ื) ืื ื”ื”ืคืจื™ื” ืœื ืชืฆืœื™ื—, ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ืœืžืคืจืข ืฉื”ื”ื•ืฆืื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื‘ื˜ืœื”, ืžื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืŸ ื‘ื”ื–ืจืขื”, ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื ื›ื ืก ืœืจื—ื ื›ื“ืจืš ื‘ื™ืื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช (ืืžื ื ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืขื™ืจ ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, ืฉืœืขื™ืœ ื”ื‘ืื ื• ื‘ืฉื ื”ืžื”ืจืฉ"ื ืฉืืฃ ืื ื™ืฉ ืกืคืง ืื ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื™ืฆืœื™ื— ืื™ืŸ ื–ื• ื“ืจืš ื”ืฉื—ืชื”).
ื‘) ื”ื”ืคืจื™ื” ื ืขืฉื™ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื–ืจืขื•ืŸ ื‘ื•ื“ื“, ื•ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื–ืจืข ืœื ืžืฉืžืฉ ืœื”ืคืจื™ื”, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ื”ื–ืจืขื” ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืจืข ื ืฉืืจ ื‘ืจื—ื (ืืžื ื ื‘ื™ื‘ื™ืข ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื ื”ืขื™ืจ ืฉืืฃ ื‘ืชืฉืžื™ืฉ ื›ื“ืจืš ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื–ืจืข ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืื™ื‘ื•ื“, ื•ืื ื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืš ื›ืœื•ื).
ื’) ื‘ื”ืคืจื™ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ืžื ื™ืขื” ื”ื™ื ืžืฆื“ ื”ืื™ืฉื”, ืืš ื”ืื™ืฉ ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื•ืœื™ื“, ื•ืื ื›ืŸ ืืกื•ืจ ืœื• ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื–"ืœ (ืจืื” ืœืขื™ืœ ืฉื™ืฉ ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืฉื“ื•ื•ืงื ืื ืื™ื ื• ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื•ืœื™ื“ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืฉื–"ืœ, ืืš ื“ืขืช ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ื ืฉืืฃ ื‘ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื•ืœื™ื“ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื–ืจืข ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืคืจื™ื”, ื•ืžื”ื˜ืขืžื™ื ืฉื”ืชื‘ืืจื•).
ื“) ื‘ืžื‘ื—ื ื” ืœื ืฉื™ื™ืš ื™ื™ื—ื•ืก, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ืžืงื™ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืคืจื• ื•ืจื‘ื• ื•ืฉื‘ืช (ืืžื ื ื™ืฉ ื”ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื’ื ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื›ื–ื” ืžืงื™ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื•ื”, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื•ืœื“ ืžื–ืจืขื•, ื•ื›ืœื”ืœืŸ. ื•ืขื•ื“ ืœืขื™ืœ ืจืื™ื ื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉืœื ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ื”ื•ืฆืื” ืœื‘ื˜ืœื” ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืกื•ืฃ ืกื•ืฃ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ืชื•ืขืœืช ืืฃ ื‘ืœื ืงื™ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื•ื”).
ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืื ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืคืจื• ื•ืจื‘ื• ื‘ื”ืคืจื™ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื” ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช:
ื) ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืื ื”ื•ื•ืœื“ ื ื•ืฆืจ ืžื–ืจืขื• โ€“ ืงื™ื™ื ืคืจื• ื•ืจื‘ื• (ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืžืœื›ื™ืืœ ื—ืœืง ื“ ืกื™' ืงื–; ืฉื•"ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืขืงื‘ ืœืจ' ื™ืขืงื‘ ืžืฆื•ื™ื–ืžื™ืจ ืกื™' ืงื›ื‘; ื™ื‘ื™ืข ืื•ืžืจ ื—ืœืง ื— ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื–ืจ ืกื™' ื›ื; ืžืฉื ื” ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื—ืœืง ื“ ืกื™' ืงื ื—). ืจืื™ื™ืชื ื”ื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื (ื—ืœืงืช ืžื—ื•ืงืง ืกื™' ื ืก"ืง ื—; ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืฉื ืก"ืง ื™) ืฉืื™ืฉื” ืฉื”ืชืขื‘ืจื” ื‘ืืžื‘ื˜ื™ โ€“ ื‘ื ื• ืžื™ื•ื—ืก ืื—ืจื™ื•, ื›ืžื• ื‘ืŸ ืกื™ืจื ืฉื ื•ืœื“ ืžื–ืจืข ืฉืœ ื™ืจืžื™ื” ื•ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ื ื•, ื•ืžื’ื–ืจืช ืจ' ืคืจืฅ ืฉืื™ืฉื” ืœื ืชืฉื›ื‘ ืขืœ ืกื“ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืฉื›ื‘ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืื™ืฉ ื–ืจ, ืฉืžื ืชืชืขื‘ืจ ืžื–ืจืขื• ื•ื™ื™ืฉื ืื—ื•ืชื• ืžืื‘ื™ื•. ืืš ื™ืฉ ืฉื“ื—ื• ื”ืจืื™ื•ืช, ื•ืกื‘ืจื• ืฉืืฃ ืฉืžื™ื•ื—ืก ืื—ืจื™ื• โ€“ ืœื ืงื™ื™ื ืคืจื• ื•ืจื‘ื• (ื—ืกื“ื™ ื“ื•ื“ ืœืชื•ืกืคืชื ื™ื‘ืžื•ืช ื—, ื‘), ื•ืขื•ื“, ืฉืžื ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ื ื• ืจืง ืœื—ื•ืžืจื” ื•ืœื ืœืงื•ืœื (ื ื™ืŸ ื”ื˜"ื–, ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื ื“ืคืกื• ื‘ื˜"ื– ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื–ืจ ืกื™' ื).
ื‘) ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืžืงื™ื™ื ืคืจื• ื•ืจื‘ื• ืจืง ืื ืขื•ืฉื” ืžืขืฉื” (ื ื™ืŸ ื”ื˜"ื– ืฉื; ื‘ืจื›ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื–ืจ ืกื™' ื ืก"ืง ื™ื“; ืžื”ืจ"ื ืฉื™ืง ืขืœ ืชืจื™"ื’ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ืžืฆื•ื” ื ืื•ืช ื’), ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ืืžื‘ื˜ื™ ืœื ืงื™ื™ื ืคืจื• ื•ืจื‘ื•. ืื‘ืœ ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื™ื•ื“ื• ืฉืžืงื™ื™ื ืคืจื• ื•ืจื‘ื• ื‘ื”ื–ืจืขื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ืžืขืฉื” ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœืคืจื•ืช ื•ืœืจื‘ื•ืช (ืื’ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื” ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื–ืจ ื—ืœืง ื‘ ืกื™' ื™ื—; ืžื ื—ืช ื™ืฆื—ืง ื—ืœืง ื ืกื™' ื ; ื”ืจ ืฆื‘ื™ ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื–ืจ ืกื™' ื“), ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืคืจื™ื™ืช ืžื‘ื—ื ื” ื™ื‘ื™ืข ืื•ืžืจ (ื—ืœืง ื— ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื–ืจ ืกื™' ื›ื), ืคืจื˜ ืœืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืฆื™ืฅ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ (ื—ืœืง ื˜ื• ืกื™' ืžื”) ืฉื”ื•ื‘ืื” ืœืขื™ืœ, ืฉื‘ืžื‘ื—ื ื” ืœื ืฉื™ื™ืš ื™ื™ื—ื•ืก, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœื“ืขืชื• ืœื ืงื™ื™ื ืคืจื• ื•ืจื‘ื•.
ื’) ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืžืงื™ื™ื ืคืจื• ื•ืจื‘ื• ืจืง ื‘ื‘ื™ืื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื˜ื‘ืข (ืฉืื™ืœืช ื™ืขื‘ืฅ ื—ืœืง ื‘ ืกื™' ืฆื–; ืฉื•"ืช ื‘ืจ ืœื™ื•ืื™ ื—ืœืง ื‘ ืกื™' ื [ื›ืš ืžืฉืžืข ืžืจืื™ื•ืชื™ื•, ืฉืจืง ื‘ื‘ื™ืื” ืžื™ื•ื—ืก ืื—ืจื™ื•]; ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืขื•ื–ื™ืืœ ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื–ืจ ืกื™' ื™ื˜; ื™ืฉื›ื™ืœ ืขื‘ื“ื™ ื—ืœืง ื” ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื–ืจ ืกื™' ื™), ื•ืœืฉื™ื˜ืชื ืœื ืงื™ื™ื ืคืจื• ื•ืจื‘ื• ืืฃ ื‘ื”ื–ืจืขื” ืื• ื”ืคืจื™ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช. ืœื“ืขืช ืžื•"ืจ ื”ื’ืจ"ืฉ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ (ื—ื•ื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื—ืœืง ื’ ืกื™' ืงื–) ื™ืฉ ืกืคืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืื ื”ื•ื•ืœื“ ืžื™ื•ื—ืก ืื—ืจื™ ืื‘ื™ื• ื‘ื”ื–ืจืขื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ืกืคืง ืื ืžืงื™ื™ื ืคืจื• ื•ืจื‘ื•. ืืžื ื ื”ืžื ื—ืช ืฉืœืžื” (ื—ืœืง ื‘ ืกื™' ืงื›ื“) ืคืกืง ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื‘ื ื• ืื™ื ื• ืžื™ื•ื—ืก ืื—ืจื™ื• ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžืงื™ื™ื ืคืจื• ื•ืจื‘ื• ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืžืงื™ื™ื ืžืฆื•ืช ืฉื‘ืช, ื•ืจืื™ื™ืชื• ื”ื™ื ืžืขื‘ื“ ืขื‘ืจื™, ืฉื”ืชื™ืจื• ืœื• ืœื™ืฉื ืฉืคื—ื” ื›ื ืขื ื™ืช, ืืฃ ืฉื”ื•ื•ืœื“ ื›ืžื•ืชื”. ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” ื‘ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœื›ืš ื ืคืงื ืžื™ื ื, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืœื–ื•ื’ ื–ื” ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจืš ืื—ืจืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœืขื•ืœื.
14 ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื” ืื•ืคื ื™ื ืœื”ื•ืฆืืช ื”ื–ืจืข ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ื”ืคืจื™ื”. ืœืงืžืŸ ื ืกืงื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื”ืขืœื• ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื, ืžื”ืงืœื” ื•ื”ืžื•ืขื“ืคืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื“ ื”ื—ืžื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื“ื—ื•ืงื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื™ืฅ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ (ื—ืœืง ื˜ ืกื™' ื ื):
1. ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืžืจื—ื ื”ืื™ืฉื”: ื–ื• ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ืžื•ื‘ื—ืจืช ืœื›ืœ ื”ื“ืขื•ืช, ื•ืืฃ ื”ืื•ืกืจื™ื ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื–ืจืข ื‘ืฉืืจ ื“ืจื›ื™ื โ€“ ื™ืชื™ืจื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ื–ื• (ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืกื™' ื›ื’ ืก"ืง ื ืื•ืช ื™ื’). ื‘ืื’ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื” (ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื–ืจ ื—ืœืง ื ืกื™' ืข) ื›ืชื‘ ืฉืœื ื›ื“ืื™ ืฉื™ืฉืžืฉื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืจื•ืคื, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื–ื• ืคืจื™ืฆื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื”. ืืš ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืœื ื—ืฉืฉื• ืœื–ื”, ื•ื”ืชื™ืจื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื—ืฉืฉ ืฉื–"ืœ (ืจืื” ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืฉื ื•ืฆื™ืฅ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืฉื).
2. ื“ืฉ ืžืคื ื™ื ื•ื–ื•ืจื” ืžื‘ื—ื•ืฅ: ื™ืฉ ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื”ืžืขื“ื™ืคื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ื”, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื—ืžื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื—ืชืช ื–ืจืข, ืฉื”ื•ื ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ืขืงื™ืจืช ื”ื–ืจืข ืžื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ื•ื›ืืŸ ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžื•ืชืจืช, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื™ืฆื™ืืช ื”ื–ืจืข ืžื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ื™ื ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืขืœืžื (ืื‘ื ื™ ื ื–ืจ ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื–ืจ ืกื™' ืคื’), ื•ื’ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื“ืจืš ืชืฉืžื™ืฉ, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืœื ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” (ื–ืงืŸ ืื”ืจืŸ ื—ืœืง ื ืกื™' ืกื•-ืกื–), ื•ื’ื ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื–ืจืข ื ื›ื ืก ืœื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืื™ืฉื” ื•ืจืื•ื™ ืœืขื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ืžื•ืชืจ ื”ื–ืจืข ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ืฉื—ืชื” (ื–ืงืŸ ืื”ืจืŸ ืฉื), ื•ื’ื ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืžืงืฉื” ืขืฆืžื• ืœื“ืขืช (ืฉื™ื™ืจื™ ื˜ื”ืจื” ืกื™' ืงืคื– ืก"ืง ื™).
3. ื›ื™ืก ืขืœ ื”ืื‘ืจ: ื™ืฉ ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื”ืžืขื“ื™ืคื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ื”, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื–ื• ื“ืจืš ืชืฉืžื™ืฉ ื’ืžื•ืจ ืฉื”ืื™ืฉื” ื ื”ื ื™ืช (ืื—ื™ืขื–ืจ ื’, ื›ื“; ืื’ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื” ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื–ืจ ื—ืœืง ื ืกื™' ืข; ืžื ื—ืช ื™ืฆื—ืง ื—ืœืง ื’ ืกื™' ืงื—). ืœื“ืขืช ื”ื’ืจื™"ืฉ ืืœื™ืฉื™ื‘, ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ืžื•ืžืœืฆืช ื”ื™ื ืงื™ื•ื ื™ื—ืกื™ ืื™ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืฆื ื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’, ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืื™ื ื• ืจื—ื•ืง ืžืŸ ื”ืžืขื‘ื“ื”, ืชื•ืš ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืฉืงื™ืง ืจืคื•ืื™ ืฉื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื• ื ืงื‘ ืงื˜ืŸ.
4. ื›ืœื™ ื‘ืจื—ื: ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืžื•ืชืจ (ืžื”ืจืฉ"ื’ ื”ื•ื‘ื ื‘ืฆื™ืฅ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืฉื), ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืืกื•ืจ, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืื™ื ื• ื“ืจืš ืชืฉืžื™ืฉ, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ืื™ืฉื” ืœื ื ื”ื ื™ืช, ื•ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื–ื” ื›ื ื™ืื•ืฃ ื‘ื™ื“ (ืื’ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื” ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื–ืจ ื—ืœืง ื‘ ืกื™' ื˜ื–).
5. ื‘ื’ืจืžื: ื”ืื’ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื” (ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื–ืจ ื—ืœืง ื ืกื™' ืข) ืกื•ื‘ืจ ืฉืื ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ื™ืก ืื• ื“ืฉ ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื โ€“ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื’ืจืžื (ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื”ื•ืฆืืช ื”ื–ืจืข ืœืœื ืžืฉืžื•ืฉ ื™ืฉื™ืจ ื‘ืื‘ืจ), ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ื” ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื ื™ืื•ืฃ (ื•ื–ื” ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื”ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื™ื‘ืžื•ืช ืขื• ืข"ื), ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืืกื•ืจ, ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉืื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื˜ืœื” (ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš), ืžื—ืžืช ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื ื™ืื•ืฃ. ื•ื˜ืขืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื’ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืฉื–"ืœ ืฉื ื™ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื: 1) ืœื‘ื˜ืœื”, ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืžื˜ืจืช ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื”. 2) ื ื™ืื•ืฃ, ื•ื”ื•ื ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืžืขืฉื” ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื” (ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื™ื), ืืฃ ืฉืžืฆื“ ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ืื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื˜ืœื”.
6. ื”ื•ืฆืื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื™ื: ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืื’ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื” (ืฉื) ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ื”, ืืš ืœื“ืขืช ื›ืžื” ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืžื•ืชืจ ืืฃ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืฆื•ืจืš (ืื—ื™ืขื–ืจ ื—ืœืง ื’ ืกื™' ื›ื“, ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืฉืื™ืœืช ื™ืขื‘ืฅ ื—ืœืง ื ืกื™' ืžื’). ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื—ื•ืžืจื” ื‘ื ื™ืื•ืฃ ื‘ื™ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืืจ ืฉื–"ืœ, ื•ื”ื’ืžืจื ื‘ื™ื‘ืžื•ืช, ืฉื ื ืงื˜ื• ื”ื™ืชืจ ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉืœ ื’ืจืžื, ื”ื•ื ืžื—ืžืช ืฆื•ืจืš ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื”, ื•ืœื ืžื˜ืขื ื”ืœื›ืชื™ (ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืขื•ื–ื™ืืœ ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื–ืจ ืกื™' ืžื‘; ืชื ื™ื ื ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื–ืจ ืกื™' ื ). ื•ืจืื” ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื (ืกื™' ื›ื’ ืก"ืง ื ืื•ืช ื™ื). ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืื ืื™ืŸ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื’ืจืžื, ื”ืฆื™ืฅ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ (ืฉื) ืžืชื™ืจ, ืืš ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืฉืขื“ื™ืฃ ืฉื”ืจื•ืคื ื™ืขืฉื” ื–ืืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื™ื–ื• ืชื—ื‘ื•ืœื” ืื ืืคืฉืจ.
15 ื”ืฆื™ืฅ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ (ื—ืœืง ื˜ื• ืกื™' ืžื”) ืืกืจ ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื–ืจืข ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืคืจื™ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช, ื•ืื—ื“ ื”ื ื™ืžื•ืงื™ื ืœืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืžื—ืฉืฉ ืฉื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื™ืขืจื‘ื• ื–ืจืข ื–ืจ, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื•ื›ื ืก ืœืžืขื‘ื“ื” ืœื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘, ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื—ื•ืฅ ืžื”ื—ืฉืฉ ืœื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื–ื“ื•ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ืœื—ืฉื•ืฉ ื’ื ืœื˜ืขื•ืช ืื ื•ืฉ. ื•ืื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ื™ื‘ื™ืข ืื•ืžืจ (ื—ืœืง ื— ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื–ืจ ืกื™' ื›ื) ืฉื’ื ื”ืžืชื™ืจื™ื ื™ื•ื“ื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื”ืฉื’ื—ื” ืžื“ื•ืงื“ืงืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืชืงืœื•ืช, ื•ืœื“ืขืชื• ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉืืช ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื™ื™ืขืฉื• ืฉื ื™ ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื™ืจืื™ ืฉืžื™ื ื‘ื”ืฉื’ื—ื” ืžืœืื” ืžืฉืขืช ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื”ื–ืจืข ื•ืขื“ ื”ื›ื ืกืชื• ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืจื—ื. ื’ื ื‘ืžื ื—ืช ืฉืœืžื” (ื—ืœืง ื‘ ืกื™' ืงื›ื“) ื›ืชื‘ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืฉืืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื™ืขืฉื” ืจื•ืคื ื ืืžืŸ ื•ื‘ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืจื•ืคื ื ื•ืกืฃ. ื’ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื•ื’ื ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืืจืฅ, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื•ื‘ืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™ื”, ื™ืฉ ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืจื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ื”ืฉื’ื—ื” ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืœื”ืคืจื™ื” ื—ื•ืฅ ื’ื•ืคื™ืช.
16 ื›ืš ืžืžืœื™ืฆื™ื ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืžื•"ืจ ื”ื’ืจื–"ื  ื’ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจื’ ื•ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืืจื™ืืœ (ืžืกืจื• ืœื ื• ื‘ืฉื™ื—ื” ื‘ืขืœ ืคื”). ืจืื” ืœื”ืœืŸ ื”ืขืจื” 22 ื ื™ืžื•ืงื™ื”ื.
17 ืื—ื“ ื”ื ื™ืžื•ืงื™ื ืฉื”ืขืœื• ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืœืืกื•ืจ ื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืœ ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื•ื ื’ื–ืจืช ื”ื‘ื—ื ื”, ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืขืœ ืื™ืฉื” ืฉื”ืชืืœืžื ื” ืื• ื”ืชื’ืจืฉื” ืœื”ื™ื ืฉื ืฉื•ื‘ ืขื“ ืฉื™ืขื‘ืจื• ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื“ืข ืื ื”ื™ื ื‘ื”ื™ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืžื”ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืงื•ื“ื. ื•ื›ืš ืฉื ื™ื ื• ื‘ืžืฉื ื” (ื™ื‘ืžื•ืช ื“, ื™): "ื›ืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ื ืฉื™ื, ืœื ื™ืชืืจืกื• ื•ืœื ื™ื ืฉืื•, ืขื“ ืฉื™ื”ื• ืœื”ืŸ ืฉืœืฉื” ื—ื“ืฉื™ื". ื•ื›ืŸ ืคืกืง ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš (ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื–ืจ ื™ื’, ื). ื‘ื’ืžืจื (ื™ื‘ืžื•ืช ืžื‘ ืข"ื) ื ืืžืจื• ืฉื ื™ ื˜ืขืžื™ื ืœื’ื–ื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ื—ื ื”:
ื) ื”ื‘ื—ื ืช ื”ื–ืจืข: "ืืžืจ ืจื‘ ื ื—ืžืŸ ืืžืจ ืฉืžื•ืืœ, ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืืžืจ ืงืจื: 'ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœืš ืœืืœื”ื™ื ื•ืœื–ืจืขืš ืื—ืจื™ืš', ืœื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื–ืจืขื• ืฉืœ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœื–ืจืขื• ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™".
ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ื ืชืŸ (ื—ืœืง ื™ื’ ืกื™' ืฆื”) ื‘ื™ืืจ ืฉื˜ืขื ื–ื” ืœื ืฉื™ื™ืš ื‘ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื™ืช ืžืฉื ื™ ื˜ืขืžื™ื:
1. ื˜ืขื ื”ื‘ื—ื ืช ื”ื–ืจืข ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืื ืœื ื™ื“ื•ืข ืžื™ ืื‘ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“, ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื’ืžืจื ื•ื‘ืจืฉ"ื™ ืฉื (ื“"ื” ื•ืœื–ืจืขืš). ืžื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืŸ ื‘ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื•ืช, ืฉื‘ื” ื™ื“ื•ืข ืฉื”ื•ื•ืœื“ ื’ื“ืœ ื•ื ื•ืœื“ ืžืจื—ืžื” ืฉืœ ืื™ืฉื” ืื—ืจืช. 2. ื˜ืขื ื”ื‘ื—ื ืช ื”ื–ืจืข ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืื ืœื ื™ื“ื•ืข ืžื™ ื”ืื‘, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืืŸ ื”ืกืคืง ื”ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื™ ื”ืื, ื•ืœื›ืš ืื™ืŸ ืœื—ื•ืฉ (ืžืฉืคื—ืช ืื‘ ืงืจื•ื™ื” ืžืฉืคื—ื”, ื•ืœื ืžืฉืคื—ืช ืื, ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื™ื‘ืžื•ืช ื ื“ ืข"ื‘).
ื‘) ืื— ื™ื™ืฉื ืื—ื•ืชื•: "ืจื‘ื ืืžืจ: ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉืžื ื™ืฉื ืืช ืื—ื•ืชื• ืžืื‘ื™ื•, ื•ื™ื™ื‘ื ืืฉืช ืื—ื™ื• ืžืืžื•, ื•ื™ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ืืžื• ืœืฉื•ืง, ื•ื™ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืืช ื™ื‘ืžืชื• ืœืฉื•ืง". ื—ืฉืฉ ื–ื” ื‘ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื‘ืฉ"ืก ื•ืคื•ืกืงื™ื: ืืกื•ืจ ืœื‘ื•ื ืขืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจืŸ (ื™ื‘ืžื•ืช ืœื– ืข"ื‘), ืืกื•ืจ ืœื™ืฉื ืฉืชื™ ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉืชื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช (ืฉื). ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื•ืช, ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืขืœ ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืื™ืžื”ื•ืช ืฉื”ืชื‘ืจืจื” ืœืขื™ืœ ื”ืขืจื” 8. ืœืคื™ ื”ื“ืขื” ืฉื‘ืขืœืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืื™ืžื, ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉืฉ, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื•ืœื“ ื’ื“ืœ ืืฆืœื”. ื”ื—ืฉืฉ ืงื™ื™ื ืจืง ืœืคื™ ื”ื“ืขื” ืฉื”ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืื™ืžื, ื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื•ืœื“ ื’ื“ืœ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืืฆืœ ื‘ืขืœืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช, ื™ืฉ ืœื—ืฉื•ืฉ ืฉื”ื•ื•ืœื“ ื™ื‘ื•ื ืœืฉืืช ืืช ืื—ื•ืชื• ืžื”ืื ื”ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื™ืช, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื”. ืืžื ื, ื™ืฉ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœืคื™ ื”ื“ืขื” ืฉื‘ืขืœืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืื™ืžื โ€“ ืฉืืœื” ื–ื• ืžืชืขื•ืจืจืช ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืคื•ืš, ืฉืื™ืฉื” ืชืจืžื” ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช, ื•ื”ื•ื•ืœื“ ื™ื’ื“ืœ ืืฆืœ ื”ืื ื”ื™ื•ืœื“ืช.
ื‘ืฉืืœื” ื–ื• ื ื—ืœืงื• ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื. ื”ื’ืจ"ืฉ ื’ื•ืจืŸ (ืชื•ืจืช ื”ืจืคื•ืื” ืขืž' 173โ€“183) ื›ืชื‘, ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื™ื˜ืชื• ืฉื‘ืขืœืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืื™ืžื, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ืชืจื•ืžืช ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช ืžื—ืฉืฉ ื–ื”, ืฉื”ื•ื•ืœื“ ืœื ื™ึตื“ืข ืžืืžื• ื‘ืขืœืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช, ื•ื™ื‘ื•ื ืœืฉืืช ืืช ืื—ื•ืชื• ืžื”ืื (ืืžื ื ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื›ืชื‘: "ื–ื”ื• ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืฉืชืœื” ื”ืžื•ื ื™ืช ืœื›ืœ ื“ื•ืจืฉ. ืื‘ืœ ืื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื, ืฉืžื˜ืจืชื ืœืคืชื•ืจ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขืงืจื•ืช ืงืฉื” ืฉืœ ื”ืืฉื”, ื•ื”ืฉืชืœื” ื›ื–ื• ื‘ืื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืžื–ื•ืจ ื•ืชืจื•ืคื” ืœื—ื™ื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื”ืงืฉื™ื ื”ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื”ืจืก, ืื•ืœื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืฆื•ื ื“ืจืš ืœื”ื™ืชืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ืฉืœื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืช, ื•ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ืฉืœื•ื"). ื•ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื—ืฉืฉ ื–ื” ื›ืœื•ืœ ื’ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืจื™"ืฉ ืืœื™ืฉื™ื‘ ื•ื”ื’ืจืฉ"ื– ืื•ื™ืจื‘ืš (ื ืฉืžืช ืื‘ืจื”ื ื—ืœืง ื“ ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื–ืจ ืกื™' ื‘ ืก"ืง ื‘), ืฉืคื•ื ื“ืงืื•ืช ืชื’ืจื•ื ืœ"ื‘ืœื‘ื•ืœ ื•ืขืจื‘ื•ื‘ื™ื”".
ืืš ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ื ืชืŸ (ื—ืœืง ื™ื’ ืกื™' ืฆื”) ื›ืชื‘ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื—ื•ืฉ ืœื–ื” ื›ืœืœ. ื•ื˜ืขืžื• ื”ื•ื, ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื—ื•ืฉ ืจืง ืื ืœื ื™ื“ื•ืข ื›ืœืœ ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ืก, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื•ืช, ื”ืจื™ ื”ื‘ืขืœ ื•ื”ืื™ืฉื” ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื”ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื™ืช ื™ืœื“ื” ืืช ื”ื•ื•ืœื“, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ื™ื•ื“ื™ืขื• ื–ืืช ืœื•ื•ืœื“ ื›ืฉื™ื’ื“ืœ, ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ืื™ืŸ ืœื—ืฉื•ืฉ ืฉื™ื˜ืขื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ. ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื’ื–ืจืช ื”ื‘ื—ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืžื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืœื ื›ืœื•ืœ ื‘ื’ื–ืจื” ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ืช. ื•ื›ืขื™ืŸ ืกื‘ืจื” ื–ื• ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืื’ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื” (ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื–ืจ ื—ืœืง ื‘ ืกื™' ื™ื) ื›ืฉื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืžื“ื•ืข ืœื ืืกืจื• ืœื’ื“ืœ ื™ืชื•ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื‘ื™ืชื• ื•ืœื ื—ืฉืฉื• ืฉื™ื˜ืขื• ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื ื•: "ื•ื”ื˜ืขื, ื“ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื“ื•ืข ืœื”ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื โ€“ ืœื ื™ื ื™ื—ื•ื ืฉื™ื•ื“ื™ืขื•ื ื›ืฉื™ืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœื”ื ืฉื, ื•ืœืฉืžื ื™ืžื•ืชื• ืคืชืื•ื ื•ืœื ื™ื•ื“ื™ืขื•ื ืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ืŸ". ืืžื ื, ื‘ืžื ื—ืช ื™ืฆื—ืง (ื—ืœืง ื“ ืกื™' ื”) ื—ืœืง ืขืœ ื”ืื’ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื”, ื•ืœื“ืขืชื• ื’ื ืื ื™ื“ื•ืข ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื โ€“ ื”ื’ื–ืจื” ืงื™ื™ืžืช, ืืœื ืื ื›ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืคื•ืจืกื.
ืืฃ ืžื•"ืจ ื”ื’ืจื–"ื  ื’ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจื’ (ืชื—ื•ืžื™ืŸ ื™, ืชืงืœื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื•ืช ืœืฆืžื•ื— ืžื”ืฉืชืœืช ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื, ืขืž' 281-273) ืกื•ื‘ืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื—ื•ืฉ ืœื–ื” ืžืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ, ื•ืžืฉื ื™ ื˜ืขืžื™ื. ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื™ืฉ ืกืคืง ืžื™ ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ื”ืื, ื”ื™ื•ืœื“ืช ืื• ื‘ืขืœืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช, ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื—ืฉืฉ ืฉืื— ื™ื™ืฉื ืื—ื•ืชื• ื”ื•ื ืžื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ, ื›ืืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืกืคืง ืื ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืงื™ื™ื, ื›ื™ ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื”ืื ืฉืžื’ื“ืœืช ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ (ื‘ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื•ืช โ€“ ื‘ืขืœืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช) ื”ื™ื ื”ืื ื”ื”ืœื›ืชื™ืช, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืงืœ. ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš, ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื–ื•, ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ื ื•ืœื“ื™ื ืžืชืจื•ืžืช ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช ื•ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื•ืช, ืื™ื ื” ืฉื›ื™ื—ื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœื—ืฉื•ืฉ ืœื›ืš (ืืžื ื ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื–ื• ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืœืฉื›ื™ื—ื” ืขื ื”ื–ืžืŸ).
ื•ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื, ืœืžืขืฉื” ื’ื ื”ื’ืจื–"ื  ื’ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจื’ (ืชื—ื•ืžื™ืŸ ืฉื) ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื”ื™ืชืจ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืจืง ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื“ื—ืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ืืš ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืจืจ ืืช ื–ื”ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช (ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืชืจื•ืžืช ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช) ืื• ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ืขืœื™ื”, ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืฉื™ื•ืขื™ืœื• ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขืชื™ื“. ื•ืขื•ื“ ื›ืชื‘ (ืืกื™ื ืกื”-ืกื•, ืขืž' 46), ืฉืื›ืŸ, ืœืคื™ ื”ื—ื•ืง ื•ื”ืชืงื ื•ืช ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช, ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื•ืช ืจืฉื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืคื ืงืก "ืฆื•ื•ื™ ื”ื”ื•ืจื•ืช" ืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžื–ืžื™ื ื™ื ื•ื’ื ืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื™ืช, ื•ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื–ื• ื”ื—ื•ืง ืขื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ื”ืœื›ื” (ื™ืฉ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื ื—ืงืง ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื—ื•ืง ื”ืžืกื“ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื’ื ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืชืจื•ืžืช ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช).
ืืžื ื ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“, ืœืื—ืจ ืžืขืฉื”, ื’ื ืื ืœื ื ืขืฉื” ืจื™ืฉื•ื, ืื™ืŸ ืœืืกื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื•ื•ืœื“ ืœื”ืชื—ืชืŸ ืžืกืคืง, ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืจืžื‘"ื (ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ ื‘ื™ืื” ื˜ื•, ื›ื˜): "ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืชื•ืงื™ ื•ื”ืืกื•ืคื™ ืืกื•ืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ืืฉื” ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืขืจื•ื” ืขืœื™ื•", ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ "ืฉืื™ืŸ ืื•ืกืจื™ืŸ ืขืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื™ืŸ ืื•ืชืŸ ื‘ืฉืืจ ื‘ืฉืจ ื‘ืกืคืง ืขื“ ืฉื™ื•ื“ืข ื‘ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉื–ื• ืขืจื•ื” ืขืœื™ื•". ืืš ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืœื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ืœื™ืœื“ ืืช ื–ื”ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื™ืช, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื.
18 ื™ืฉื ื ื›ืžื” ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ื ืžื“ื•ืข ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื™ืช ื’ื•ื™ื”:
ื) ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉืื— ื™ื™ืฉื ืืช ืื—ื•ืชื•: ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื•ืช ืฉื‘ืขืœืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื™ื” ื•ื”ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื™ืช ื’ื•ื™ื” โ€“ ืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉืื— ื™ื™ืฉื ืื—ื•ืชื•, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืœืคื™ ื”ื“ืขื” ืฉื‘ืขืœืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืื, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื”ื•ื•ืœื“ ื™ื’ื“ืœ ืืฆืœื”, ื•ืœืคื™ ื”ื“ืขื” ืฉื”ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืื, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื‘ืžืงืจื” ื–ื” ื”ืื ื”ื™ื ื’ื•ื™ื”, ื•ื”ื•ื•ืœื“ ื™ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื’ื™ื•ืจ, ื•ื“ื™ื ื• ื›ื’ืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื.
ื‘) ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื–ืจืข ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžืขื™ ื’ื•ื™ื”: ืžื•"ืจ ื”ื’ืจ"ืฉ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ (ื—ื•ื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื—ืœืง ื’ ืกื™' ืงื—), ืœืฉื™ื˜ืชื• ืฉื”ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื™ืช ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ื”ืื, ืกื•ื‘ืจ ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื’ื•ื™ื” ืœืคื•ื ื“ืงืื™ืช ื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื•ืœื“ ืžื™ื•ื—ืก ืœื”, ื•ื ืžืฆื ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื™ื•ื—ืก ืœืื‘ื™ื• ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื”ืคืจื™ื” ื›ื•ืœื• ืืกื•ืจ ืžืฉื•ื ื”ืฉื—ืชืช ื–ืจืข. ื•ื›ืชื‘ ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื–ืจืข ืœืžื˜ืจื” ื–ื•, ื•ื’ื ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื•ืฆื ื”ื–ืจืข ื™ืฉ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืกื• ืœืจื—ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ื™ื”. ืืžื ื ืœืขื™ืœ ื”ืขืจื” 14 ื›ืชื‘ื ื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื”ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืืฃ ืื ื”ื•ื•ืœื“ ืื™ื ื• ืžื™ื•ื—ืก ืื—ืจื™ื• ืื™ืŸ ื–ื• ื”ืฉื—ืชืช ื–ืจืข, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืžืงื™ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืช ืื• ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื ืขืฉื” ืœืชื•ืขืœืช, ื•ื›ืœ ืฉื›ืŸ ืœืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ืขืœืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืื, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื”ื•ื•ืœื“ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื•ืžื™ื•ื—ืก ืืœื™ื•, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืš ื”ืฉื—ืชืช ื–ืจืข.
ื’) ืคื’ื ืจื•ื—ื ื™: ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืจืžืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืฉื ื”ื’ืจื™"ืฉ ืืœื™ืฉื™ื‘ (ื™ืฉื•ืจื•ืŸ ื›ื ืขืž' ืชืงืœื”) ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืชืจื•ืžืช ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช ืžื’ื•ื™ื” ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื›ื•ืขืจ, ื•ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื›ืš ื™ืกื‘ื•ืจ ื’ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื™ืช ื’ื•ื™ื”. ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉื˜ืจื ื‘ื•ืš (ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื—ืœืง ื” ืกื™' ืฉื™ื—), ืฉืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื™ืช ื’ื•ื™ื” ืžื˜ืžื ืืช ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื—ื•ืฉ ืฉืžื ืฉืชื™ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื›ืื™ืžื”ื•ืช, ื•ื”ื•ื•ืœื“ ื”ื•ื ื—ืฆื™ื• ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื•ื—ืฆื™ื• ื’ื•ื™, ื•ื”ืฆื“ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื ื“ื—ื” ืžื›ื•ื— ื”ืฆื“ ื”ื’ื•ื™, ื•ืืฃ ืื ื™ืชื’ื™ื™ืจ โ€“ ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืขื™ืœ ืœืชืงืŸ ืจืง ืืช ื”ืฆื“ ื”ื’ื•ื™ ืฉื‘ื•, ืืš ื”ืฆื“ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื“ื—ื” ืžืขื™ืงืจื• โ€“ ืื™ื ื• ื‘ืจ-ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ. ื™ืฉ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืชืจื•ืžืช ื–ืจืข ืžื’ื•ื™. ื™ืฉ ืฉืืกืจื• ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ (ื—ืœืงืช ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื–ืจ ืกื™' ื™ื“, ืฆื™ืฅ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื—ืœืง ื˜ ืกื™' ื ื ืคืจืง ื“, ืžื ื—ืช ื™ืฆื—ืง ื—ืœืง ื“ ืกื™' ื”), ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ ืžื—ืžืช ื”ืคื’ื ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื•ื”ืคืจืฆื” ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืืš ื”ืื’ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื” (ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื–ืจ ื—ืœืง ื‘ ืกื™' ื™ื) ื”ืชื™ืจ, ื•ื”ืืจื™ืš ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉืฉ ืœื–ื” ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืืœื• ืกื‘ืจื•ืช ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช, ื•ื”ื•ื ืคื•ืกืง ืจืง ืขืœ ืคื™ ื™ื“ื™ืขืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉืœื“ืขืช ื”ืื’ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื”, ืฉืœื ื—ืฉืฉ ืœื˜ืขื ื–ื” ื‘ื–ืจืข ื’ื•ื™, ื›ืœ ืฉื›ืŸ ืฉืœื ื™ื—ืฉื•ืฉ ืœื• ื‘ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื™ืช ื’ื•ื™ื”. ื•ืืžื ื ื”ืื’ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื” (ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื–ืจ ื—ืœืง ื“ ืกื™' ืœื‘) ื›ืชื‘ ืฉืืฃ ืฉืžืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืชืจื•ืžืช ื–ืจืข ืžื’ื•ื™ โ€“ ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื–ื• ืื™ื ื” ืขืฆื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื‘ืขืœ ืœื ื™ืงื™ื™ื ื›ืš ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืคืจื• ื•ืจื‘ื•, ื•ื”ืื™ืฉื” ืื™ื ื” ืžืฆื•ื•ื”, ื•ื–ื” ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืงื ืื” ืžื‘ืขืœื”. ืื‘ืœ ื˜ืขื ื–ื” ืœื ืฉื™ื™ืš ื‘ื ื“ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื™ืช ืฉื”ื–ืจืข ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ืขืœื”.
ื“) ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉื™ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืืžื• ื‘ืœื ื—ืœื™ืฆื”: ืžื•"ืจ ื”ื’ืจื–"ื  ื’ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจื’ (ืชื—ื•ืžื™ืŸ ืฉื) ื›ืชื‘, ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืชืจื•ืžืช ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช ืžื’ื•ื™ื”, ืฉื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื“ืขื” ืฉื‘ืขืœืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืื, ืื ื”ื™ื ื’ื•ื™ื”, ื”ื•ื•ืœื“ ืื™ื ื• ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืื—ืจ ืื‘ื™ื•, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื—ื•ืฉ ืฉื™ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืืช ืืžื• ื‘ืœื ื—ืœื™ืฆื” (ืื—ื“ ื”ื˜ืขืžื™ื ืœื’ื–ืจืช ื”ื‘ื—ื ื” ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื‘ืžื•ืช ืžื‘ ืข"ื). ื•ืœืคื™ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื™ืช ื’ื•ื™ื” ืœืคื™ ื”ื“ืขื” ืฉื”ื™ื•ืœื“ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืื. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืกื™ืง ืฉื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉื›ื–ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืคืจืกื ืฉื”ืื™ืฉื” ื’ื•ื™ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ื—ืฉืฉ ื–ื”. ื‘ื”ืขืจื” 18 ื”ื•ื‘ืื” ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืื’ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื” (ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื–ืจ ื—ืœืง ื‘ ืกื™' ื™ื) ื•ื”ืžื ื—ืช ื™ืฆื—ืง (ื—ืœืง ื“ ืกื™' ื”) ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื—ื•ืฉ ืœืชืงืœื” ืžืขื™ืŸ ื–ื• ืื ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื•ืœื›ืœ ื”ื“ืขื•ืช, ื›ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืคื•ืจืกื ืื™ืŸ ืœื—ื•ืฉ. ื•ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื–ื• ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžื•"ืจ ื”ื’ืจื–"ื  ื’ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจื’ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืคืจืกื ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ, ื•ื›ื“ืขืช ื”ืžื ื—ืช ื™ืฆื—ืง.
ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ืกื›ื™ื ืžื•"ืจ ื”ื’ืจื–"ื  ื’ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจื’ (ื‘ืฉื™ื—ื” ื‘ืขืœ ืคื”) ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื™ืช ื’ื•ื™ื” ืจืง ืื ืœื ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื™ื” ืคื ื•ื™ื”, ื•ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืฉื™ื•ื“ื™ืขื• ืœืžืฉืคื—ื” ื•ืœื•ื•ืœื“ ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ื”ื”ืœื›ืชื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ืจื•ื›ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ื›ื–ื”, ื›ื "ืœ. ื’ื ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืืจื™ืืœ ื”ืชื™ืจ ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื›ื–ื”.
19 ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื’ื™ื•ืจ ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื™ืช ื’ื•ื™ื” ืชืœื•ื™ ืœืจื•ื‘ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืื™ืžื”ื•ืช. ืืžื ื ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจื‘ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื™ืฆื—ืง ื›ืœืื‘ (ืชื—ื•ืžื™ืŸ ื”, ืžื™ื”ื™ ืืžื• ืฉืœ ื™ืœื•ื“ โ€“ ื”ื”ื•ืจื” ืื• ื”ื™ื•ืœื“ืช?, ืขืž' 260โ€“267), ืืฃ ืฉืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืื™ืžื”ื•ืช ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื—ืก ื”ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ืœื™ื“ื”, ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ื‘ืขืœืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช, ื•ืœืคื™ ื–ื”, ื‘ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื™ืช ื’ื•ื™ื” ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื’ื™ื•ืจ (ืืš ื›ืชื‘ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืคื•ืกืง ื›ืŸ ืœืžืขืฉื”). ืืš ืœื“ืขืช ืฉืืจ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืœื—ืœืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ื“ื•ื ื™ื. ืœื›ืŸ, ืœืคื™ ื”ื“ืขื” ืฉื‘ืขืœืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืื, ื”ื•ื•ืœื“ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืœื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื•ืื™ื ื• ื–ืงื•ืง ืœื’ื™ื•ืจ, ื•ืื™ืœื• ืœืคื™ ื”ื“ืขื” ืฉื”ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืื, ื”ื•ื•ืœื“ ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื’ื•ื™ ื•ื–ืงื•ืง ืœื’ื™ื•ืจ. ื•ืœืžืขืฉื” ื™ืฉ ืœื’ื™ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื•ื•ืœื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืœื›ืœ ื”ื“ืขื•ืช.
ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื™ื•ืจ, ื™ืฉ ืœื“ื•ืŸ ืื ืชื•ืขื™ืœ ื˜ื‘ื™ืœืช ื”ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื™ืช ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ื”ื™ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื•ื•ืœื“. ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื’ืžืจื (ื™ื‘ืžื•ืช ืขื— ืข"ื) ืฉื’ื•ื™ื” ืžืขื•ื‘ืจืช ืฉื”ืชื’ื™ื™ืจื” โ€“ ื˜ื‘ื™ืœืชื” ืžื•ืขื™ืœื” ื’ื ืœื•ื•ืœื“. ื•ื˜ื‘ื™ืœืชื” ืžื•ืขื™ืœื” ืœื ืจืง ืœืžืืŸ ื“ืืžืจ ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื™ืจืš ืืžื•, ืืœื ื’ื ืœืžืืŸ ื“ืืžืจ ืฉืขื•ื‘ืจ ืื™ื ื• ื™ืจืš ืืžื•, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื–ื” ืžืงื•ื ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื• ("ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืจื‘ื™ืชื™ื”"), ื•ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืื™ืฉื” ืื™ื ื• ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœื—ืฆื™ืฆื”. ืื•ืœื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื™ืช ื™ืฉ ืกืคืง ืื ืชื•ืขื™ืœ ื˜ื‘ื™ืœืชื” ืœื•ื•ืœื“.
ื‘ื ืฉืžืช ืื‘ืจื”ื (ื—ืœืง ื“ ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื–ืจ ืกื™' ื” ืก"ืง ื‘) ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืฉื ื”ื’ืจืฉ"ื– ืื•ื™ืจื‘ืš: "ืื ื”ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื™ืช ื”ื’ื•ื™ื” ื˜ื‘ืœื” ืœืฉื ื’ื™ื•ืจ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ 'ืขื™ื‘ื•ืจื”', ื’ื ื–ื” ืœื ืžื•ืขื™ืœ ืœืขื•ื‘ืจ, ื›ื™ ืฉืžื ืื™ื ื” ืืžื• ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื” ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืขืœื™ื•, ื•ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืžื™ื ืงืช ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื” ื™ืœื“ ื‘ืคืงื“ื•ืŸ" (ื•ืฆ"ืข ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื•, ื›ื™ ืื ื”ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื™ืช ืื™ื ื” ื”ืื โ€“ ืื– ื‘ืขืœืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืื. ื•ืื ื”ื™ื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื™ื” โ€“ ื”ื•ื•ืœื“ ืื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ื’ื™ื•ืจ. ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืœืžืงืจื” ืฉื’ื ื‘ืขืœืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื’ื•ื™ื” ื•ื”ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื™ืช ื”ืชื’ื™ื™ืจื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืขื™ื‘ื•ืจื”). ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš, ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืกื‘ืจื•ืช ืืœื• ืฉืœ "ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื™ืจืš ืืžื•" ื•ื›ืŸ "ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืจื‘ื™ืชื™ื”" ืืžื•ืจื•ืช ืจืง ื‘ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื”ื’ื“ืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื‘ืจื—ืžื” ืฉืœ ืื™ืฉื” ืžื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช ืฉืœื”, ื•ืœื ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ืฉืชืœื” ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช ืžื•ืคืจื™ืช ื‘ื’ื•ืคื” (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืืžืจื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ืŸ ืžืื™ืจ, ืืกื™ื ืžื, ืขืž' 30). ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ ืื ื”ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื™ืช ืขืฆืžื” ืื™ื ื” ืžืชื’ื™ื™ืจืช, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืกืชืคืง ืื ืชื•ืขื™ืœ ื˜ื‘ื™ืœืชื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื•ื•ืœื“ (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืจ' ืขืงื™ื‘ื ืื™ื’ืจ ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื ืข"ื ื“"ื” ืืจ"ื”). ืœื›ืŸ, ืœืžืขืฉื” ื ืจืื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœ ื˜ื‘ื™ืœืช ื”ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื™ืช.
ืขื•ื“ ื™ืฉ ืœื“ื•ืŸ ืžื” ื™ื‘ืจื›ื• ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ืžื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ื–ื›ืจ ืฉื ื•ืœื“ ืžืคื•ื ื“ืงืื™ืช ื’ื•ื™ื” ืœืคื™ ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ื’ื™ื•ืจ ืœื—ื•ืžืจื”. ื”ืจื‘ ืคืจื•ืค' ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ื‘ืจื’ ืžืกืจ ืœื ื• ื‘ืฉื ื”ื’ืจื–"ื  ื’ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจื’ ื•ื”ื’ืจ"ื ื•ื™ื™ืก ืฉื™ื‘ืจื›ื• "ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื”", ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ืจื›ื” ื›ื•ืœืœืช, ื•ืžื•ืขื™ืœื” ื’ื ืœืžืชื’ื™ื™ืจ. ื•ืœื ื™ื‘ืจื›ื• "ืœืžื•ืœ ืืช ื”ื’ืจื™ื", ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ืจื›ื” ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ื•ืื™ื ื” ืžื•ืขื™ืœื” ืœื™ื”ื•ื“ื™, ื•ืœื ื™ื‘ืจื›ื• "ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืกื• ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื•", ื›ื“ื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช.
20 ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš (ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื–ืจ ื•, ื—) ืคืกืง ืฉื’ื™ื•ืจืช, ืืคื™ืœื• ืคื—ื•ืชื” ืžื‘ืช ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืืกื•ืจื” ืœื›ื”ืŸ. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื’ืจื–"ื  ื’ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจื’ (ืชื—ื•ืžื™ืŸ ื™, ืขืž' 280), ืฉื‘ืช ืžื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช ื’ื•ื™ื” (ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ื”ื•ื ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืžืคื•ื ื“ืงืื™ืช ื’ื•ื™ื”, ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื›ืจืขืชื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื—ื•ืฉ ืœืฉืชื™ ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช) ืฉืชืขื‘ื•ืจ ื’ื™ื•ืจ, ืชื”ื™ื” ืืกื•ืจื” ืœื›ื”ื•ื ื”. ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืืจื™ืืœ ืžืฆื™ืข ืฉื‘ื”ืคืจื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื‘ื—ื ื” ื™ื‘ื—ืจื• ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืŸ ื•ืœื ื‘ืช (ื‘ืื”ืœื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื”, ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื–ืจ ืกื™' ืข, ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืฉื™ื—ื” ืขืžื• ื‘ื™ื•ื ื›"ื• ื‘ื›ืกืœื• ืชืฉืข"ื’). ื•ืื ื”ื‘ืขืœ ื›ื”ืŸ, ื”ื‘ืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืกืคืง ื›ื”ืŸ (ืฉื›ืŸ ืื ื‘ืขืœืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืื โ€“ ื”ื‘ื• ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืื—ืจ ืื‘ื™ื•, ืืš ืื ื”ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืื, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ื’ื•ื™ื” ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืื—ืจ ืื‘ื™ื•), ื•ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉืืช ืืช ื›ืคื™ื•, ืืš ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ ื›ื”ื•ื ื”.
21 ื”ืจืืฉืœ"ืฆ ื•ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืจื‘ ืขืžืืจ ืคืกืง, ืขืœ ืคื™ ื“ืขืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจืืฉืœ"ืฆ ื”ื’ืจ"ืข ื™ื•ืกืฃ, ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื™ืช ื ืฉื•ืื”, ื›ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ื‘ื”ืขืจื” ื”ื‘ืื”.
22 ื‘ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื™ืช ื ืฉื•ืื” ื™ืฉ ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื›ืžื” ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื:
ื) ื—ืฉืฉ ืžืžื–ืจื•ืช: ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื—ืœื•ืงื™ื ื‘ืฉืืœื” ืื ืืฉืช ืื™ืฉ ืฉื”ืชืขื‘ืจื” ืžื”ื–ืจืขื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืžื–ืจืขื• ืฉืœ ื’ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ ื”ื•ื•ืœื“ ืžืžื–ืจ. ื”ื‘"ื— (ื™ื•"ื“ ืกื™' ืงืฆื” ืก"ืง ื”) ื›ืชื‘ ืฉืžืฆื ื‘ื”ื’ื”"ืช ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืคืจืฅ ืขืœ ื”ืกืž"ืง ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœืื™ืฉื” ืœืฉื›ื‘ ืขืœ ืกื“ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืฉื›ื‘ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืื™ืฉ ืื—ืจ, ืžื—ืฉืฉ ืฉืื— ื™ื™ืฉื ืื—ื•ืชื•, ืื‘ืœ ืœืžืžื–ืจื•ืช ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉืฉ (ืืฃ ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื™ืฉื” ื ืฉื•ืื”), "ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ื™ืืช ืื™ืกื•ืจ โ€“ ื”ื•ืœื“ ื›ืฉืจ ืœื’ืžืจื™, ืืคื™ืœื• ืชืชืขื‘ืจ ืžืฉื›ื‘ืช ื–ืจืข ืฉืœ ืื—ืจ" (ื•ืจืื” ืžืืžืจื• ืฉืœ ืคืจื•ืค' ืฉืžื—ื” ืขืžื ื•ืืœ, ื ื•ืกื—ืื•ืช ืžื›ืช"ื™ ืฉืœ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ืจื‘ื ื• ืคืจืฅ ืžืงื•ืจื‘ื™ื™ืœ, ื•ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ ืœื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ืจืขื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช, ื‘ืชื•ืš: ื”ืžืขื™ืŸ ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืข"ื, ืขืœ ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืกื—ืื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืคืจืฅ ื‘ื›ืชื‘ื™ ื™ื“ ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื). ื•ืขืœ ืคื™ ื–ื” ืคืกืง ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ืื’ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื” (ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื–ืจ ื—ืœืง ื ืกื™' ื™; ืฉื ืกื™' ืขื; ื—ืœืง ื‘ ืกื™' ื™ื) ืฉืืฉืช ืื™ืฉ ืฉื”ืชืขื‘ืจื” ืžื”ื–ืจืขื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืžื–ืจืขื• ืฉืœ ื’ื‘ืจ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื‘ืขืœื” โ€“ ืฉื”ื•ื•ืœื“ ื›ืฉืจ. ื•ื›ืŸ ืคืกืง ื‘ื™ื‘ื™ืข ืื•ืžืจ (ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื–ืจ ื—ืœืง ื‘ ืกื™' ื) ื•ื›ืŸ ื ืงื˜ื• ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื. ืืžื ื ื›ืžื” ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื—ืœืงื•, ื•ืกื‘ืจื• ืฉื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืžื–ืจ ืืฃ ื‘ืœื™ ื‘ื™ืืช ืื™ืกื•ืจ. ื”ืื“ืžื•"ืจ ืžืกืื˜ืžืจ (ื”ืžืื•ืจ, ืื‘ ืชืฉื›"ื“) ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื‘ื›ืœืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืืฉืช ืื™ืฉ ื”ื•ื ืœื ืจืง ื‘ื™ืื”, ืืœื ืขืฆื ื ืชื™ื ืช ื–ืจืข ืฉืœ ื’ื‘ืจ ื–ืจ ืืœ ื”ืื™ืฉื”. ื•ืœื›ืŸ, ื›ืฉื ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืžื–ืจื•ืช ืžื‘ื™ืืช ืื™ืกื•ืจ โ€“ ื›ืš ื™ืฉ ืžืžื–ืจื•ืช ืžื ืชื™ื ืช ื–ืจืข ืžื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืืœ ืืฉืช ืื™ืฉ. ื•ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื ื“ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืคืจืฅ, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืฉื ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื ืชื™ื ื” ืžื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื–ืจืข (ืืžื ื ื‘ืžืืžืจื• ืฉืœ ืคืจื•ืค' ืขืžื ื•ืืœ ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืฉืœืคื™ ืื—ื“ ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ ื”ื™ื“ ืฉืœ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืคืจืฅ ืœื ืžืฉืžืข ื›ืš, ืืœื ืืฃ ื‘ื ืชื™ื ืช ื–ืจืข ืžื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืื™ื ื• ืžืžื–ืจ ืื ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ื™ืืช ืื™ืกื•ืจ, ืืœื ืฉืœื“ืขืช ืคืจื•ืค' ืขืžื ื•ืืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื™ื ื ืžืœืฉื•ื ื• ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ืช ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืคืจืฅ ืืœื ืชื•ืกืคืช ืฉืœ ื—ื›ื ืื—ื“ ืฉื”ืขืชื™ืง ืืช ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื•). ื•ื›ืŸ ื“ืขืช ื”ื™ืฉื›ื™ืœ ืขื‘ื“ื™ (ื—ืœืง ื” ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื–ืจ ืกื™' ื™). ื•ืžื ื’ื“ ื™ืฉ ืฉื—ืœืงื• ืขืœ ื“ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืคืจืฅ (ื–ื›ืจ ืœื—ื’ื™ื’ื”, ื—ื’ื™ื’ื” ื˜ื• ืข"ื; ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ืžืื™ืจ ื‘ืœืืš, ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ืจืขื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช, ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืคืจื“ืก, ืกื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉื™"ื’) ื•ืกื‘ืจื• ืฉืžืžื–ืจื•ืช ืœื ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจ, ื•ืืฃ ืฉื”ืื™ืฉื” ื”ื•ืคืจืชื” ื‘ื”ื™ืชืจ, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ืคืจืชื” ืžืื“ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืขืจื•ื•ื” ืขืœื™ื” โ€“ ื”ื•ื•ืœื“ ืžืžื–ืจ. ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืžื ื—ืช ืฉืœืžื” (ืชื ื™ื ื ืกื™' ืงื›ื“) ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืจืื™ื” ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช (ื™ื‘ืžื•ืช ื˜ื– ืข"ื‘ ื“"ื” ืงืกื‘ืจ), ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉืœืคื™ ื”ื“ืขื” ืฉื’ื•ื™ ื”ื‘ื ืขืœ ื‘ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื•ืœื“ ืžืžื–ืจ, ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื‘ื ืขืœื™ื” ื‘ืฆื ืขื”, ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ืืช ื”ื™ืชืจ ืžื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื”ื•ื•ืœื“ ืžืžื–ืจ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืชื•ืคืกื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ื™ (ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืชื™ืจื•ืฆื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช, ื•ื›ืชื‘ื• ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืฉืชื™ืจื•ืฅ ื–ื” ืขื™ืงืจ). ื•ืื ื›ืŸ, ืžืฆืื ื• ืžืžื–ืจื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืืช ื”ื™ืชืจ ืœืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืกื™ืง ื‘ืžื ื—ืช ืฉืœืžื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœืกืžื•ืš ืœืงื•ืœื ืขืœ ืฉื™ื˜ืช ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืคืจืฅ.
ื‘ื—ืœืงืช ื™ืขืงื‘ (ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื–ืจ ืกื™' ื˜ื•) ื”ืงื“ื™ืžื• ื‘ืจืื™ื” ื–ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช, ืืœื ืฉืžืกืงื ืชื• ื”ื™ื ืฉืื ื‘ื ืœืคื ื™ื ื• ื•ืœื“ ืฉื ื•ืœื“ ืžื”ื–ืจืขื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืžืืฉืช ืื™ืฉ ืžืื™ืฉ ืื—ืจ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื‘ืขืœื”, ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืืกื•ืจ ืขืœื™ื• ืœื‘ื•ื ื‘ืงื”ืœ, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืคืจืฅ ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืžื–ืจ, ื•ืœื ืžืฆืื ื• ืžื™ ืฉื—ื•ืœืง ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ, ืื‘ืœ ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ืœื“ ืœืขื•ืœื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ื”, ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื—ื•ืฉ ืฉืžื ื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ืขืœ ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืคืจืฅ.
ืืžื ื ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ื ื”ื’ื•ืช (ื—ืœืง ื‘ ืกื™' ืชืจืฆ) ื“ื—ื” ืืช ื”ืจืื™ื” ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช, ื›ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืœื“ืขื” ืฉืœื ื ืคืกืงื” ืœื”ืœื›ื” (ืฉื”ืจื™ ืื ื• ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืฉื’ื•ื™ ื”ื‘ื ืขืœ ื‘ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื•ืœื“ ืื™ื ื• ืžืžื–ืจ), ื•ืขื•ื“, ืฉืืฃ ืื ืื™ืŸ ืœืื• ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืืช ื’ื•ื™ ื‘ืฆื ืขื”, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื”ื’ื‘ืจื ืคืกื•ืœ, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืชื•ืคืกื™ื ื‘ื•, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื’ื ื”ืื™ืฉื” ื ืขืฉื™ืช ื–ื•ื ื” ื•ื ืคืกืœืช ืœื›ื”ื•ื ื”, ื•ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืžื›ืืŸ ืจืื™ื” ืœื”ืคืจื™ื”, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื‘ื”ืคืจื™ื” ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืื”, ืœื ื‘ื™ืืช ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื•ืœื ื‘ื™ืื” ืขื ื’ื‘ืจื ืคืกื•ืœ.
ื•ืจืื” ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื ื™ ืื”ื•ื‘ื” (ืœื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืื™ืฉื•ืช ื˜ื•, ื•), ืžื ื—ืช ื™ืฆื—ืง (ื—ืœืง ื“ ืกื™' ื”), ืฆื™ืฅ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ (ื—ืœืง ื™ื’ ืกื™' ืฆื–) ื•ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื (ืกื™' ื ืื•ืช ืžื‘).
ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื, ืžืฆืื ื• ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช: ื™ืฉ ื”ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžืžื–ืจื•ืช ืืœื ื‘ื‘ื™ืืช ืื™ืกื•ืจ; ื™ืฉ ื”ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื’ื ื”ื–ืจืขื” ื”ื™ื ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื›ืžื• ื‘ื™ืื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืžืžื–ืจื•ืช ื’ื ืžื”ื–ืจืขื” ืžื›ื•ื•ื ืช; ื•ื™ืฉ ื”ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืžืžื–ืจื•ืช ืื™ื ื” ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจ, ืืœื ืžืขืฆื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ืื™ืฉื” ื”ื•ืคืจืชื” ืžื–ืจืข ืฉืœ ืื“ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืขืจื•ื•ื” ืขืœื™ื”.
ื‘ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื•ืช, ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืคืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ืฉื” ืžื–ืจืข ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื” ื‘ื”ืคืจื™ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืžืฉืชื™ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืคืจื™ืช ื‘ืจื—ืžื” ืฉืœ ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื™ืช, ืืฃ ืื ื”ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื™ืช ื ืฉื•ืื”, ื™ืฉ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉืฉ ืžืžื–ืจื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ื”ื“ืขื•ืช. ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžืžื–ืจื•ืช ืืœื ืžื‘ื™ืืช ืื™ืกื•ืจ, ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ื™ืืช ืื™ืกื•ืจ. ื’ื ืœื“ืขื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื”ื–ืจืขื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ืืฉืช ืื™ืฉ, ื›ืืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ื–ืจืข ื‘ืจื—ืžื” ืฉืœ ืืฉืช ืื™ืฉ, ืืœื ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช ืžื•ืคืจื™ืช, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžืงื•ืจ ืœืื™ืกื•ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืš. ื•ืœืฉื™ื˜ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืžื–ืจื•ืช ื’ื ื‘ืœื™ ื‘ื™ืืช ืื™ืกื•ืจ, ืืœื ื“ื™ ืื ื”ืื™ืฉื” ื”ื•ืคืจืชื” ืžื–ืจืข ืฉืœ ืื“ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืขืจื•ื•ื” ืขืœื™ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื•ืœื“ ื™ื™ืงืจื ืžืžื–ืจ, ื”ื ื” ืœืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ืขืœืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืื โ€“ ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ื—ืฉืฉ ืžืžื–ืจื•ืช, ื›ื™ ื‘ืขืœืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืืฉืชื• ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื–ืจืข, ื•ื”ื ื”ื•ืจื™ ื”ื™ืœื“ ื•ืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉืฉ ืžืžื–ืจื•ืช. ื•ืืฃ ืœืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืื, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื”ื™ื ืœื ื”ื•ืคืจืชื” ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืžื–ืจืขื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืขืจื•ื•ื” ืขืœื™ื”, ืืœื ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช ืฉื”ื•ืคืจืชื” ืžื–ืจืขื• ื ื›ื ืกื” ืœืจื—ืžื”, ื•ืื ื›ืŸ ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ืžืžื–ืจื•ืช ืืฃ ืœืฉื™ื˜ื” ื–ื•. ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืืฃ ื”ื ื•ืงื˜ื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื–ื• ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื“ืขืช ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืคืจืฅ ืื™ืŸ ืžืžื–ืจื•ืช ื‘ื”ืคืจื™ื” ืœืœื ืื™ืกื•ืจ, ื•ืื™ื ื ื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ื ืืœื ืœืกืคืง ืžืžื–ืจื•ืช, ื›ื™ ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื—ืœื•ืงื™ื ืขืœื™ื•, ื‘ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ื›ืžื” ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืืฃ ื”ื ื™ื•ื“ื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ื—ืฉืฉ ืžืžื–ืจื•ืช โ€“ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงืœ.
ื•ื›ืŸ ืคืกืง ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืืจื™ืืœ ื‘ืฉื™ื—ื” ืขืžื• (ื‘ื™ื•ื ื›"ื• ื‘ื›ืกืœื• ืชืฉืข"ื’), ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœืืกื•ืจ ืžืฉื•ื ื—ืฉืฉ ืžืžื–ืจื•ืช (ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืกืจ ืžื˜ืขื ืื—ืจ, ื•ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืœืงืžืŸ). ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืชื™ืจ ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ืจืืฉืœ"ืฆ ื”ืจื‘ ืขืžืืจ (ื‘ื”ืกื›ืžืช ื”ืจืืฉืœ"ืฆ ื”ื’ืจ"ืข ื™ื•ืกืฃ) ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื“ื—ืง ืฉืื™ืฉื” ื ืฉื•ืื” ืชื”ื™ื” ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื™ืช, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื—ื•ืฉ ืœืžืžื–ืจื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ื”ื“ืขื•ืช. ื•ื”ื•ืฆืจืš ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ื›ืŸ, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืงื™ื™ื ืงื•ืฉื™ ืจื‘, ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื™ืช ื•ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช, ืœืืชืจ ืคื ื•ื™ื” ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื™ื” ืฉืชืกื›ื™ื ืœืฉืžืฉ ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื™ืช. ื•ืกื™ื™ื’ ืืช ื”ื™ืชืจื•, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžืžื ื• ืœืžืงืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืกืชื. ืื•ืœื ืœื“ืขืช ืžื•"ืจ ื”ื’ืจื–"ื  ื’ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจื’ (ืืกื™ื ืกื”-ืกื• ืขืž' 47) ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชืจื—ืง ืžื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฉืื™ืฉื” ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื™ื” ื ืฉื•ืื” ืชืฉืžืฉ ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื™ืช, ืืฃ ืฉืœื“ืขืชื• ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ื—ืฉืฉ ืžืžื–ืจื•ืช, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื“ื™ ื‘ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืฉืœื“ืขืชื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืืกื•ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคื’ื•ื ื‘ืžืขืžื“ื• ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื•ืœื“, ืฉืžื ื™ื˜ื™ืœื• ื‘ื• ืคื’ื ื™ื•ื—ืกื™ืŸ, ื•ื›ืš ื’ื ื”ื•ืจื” ื‘ืฉื™ื—ื” ืขืžื• (ื‘ื™ื•ื ื›"ื• ื‘ื›ืกืœื• ืชืฉืข"ื’). ืื•ืœื ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืฉื™ื˜ื™ืœื• ื‘ื• ืคื’ื ื™ื•ื—ืกื™ืŸ ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืงืœ.
ื‘) ื’ื–ืจืช ืžืขื•ื‘ืจืช ื•ืžื™ื ืงืช ื—ื‘ื™ืจื•: ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืืจื™ืืœ ื”ื•ืจื” (ื‘ืฉื™ื—ื” ื‘ืขืœ ืคื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ื›"ื• ื‘ื›ืกืœื• ืชืฉืข"ื’) ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœืื™ืฉื” ื ืฉื•ืื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื™ืช ืžื—ืžืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœืฉืืช ืžืขื•ื‘ืจืช ื•ืžื™ื ืงืช ื—ื‘ืจื• (ื™ื‘ืžื•ืช ืžื‘ ืข"ื, ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ืก, ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื–ืจ ื™ื’, ื™ื), ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื™ืช ื ืฉื•ืื” ืชืฆื˜ืจืš ืœืคืจื•ืฉ ืžื‘ืขืœื”. ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืืจื™ืืœ, ื›ืฉื ืฉืืกืจื• ืœื”ื™ื ืฉื ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” โ€“ ื›ืš ื”ื ืืกื•ืจื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืขื•ื‘ืจืช ืžืื—ืจ. ื•ื›ืŸ ื“ืขืช ื”ืฆื™ืฅ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ (ื—ืœืง ื’ ืกื™' ื›ื– ืคืจืง ื“), ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื›ืŸ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื–ืจืขื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช, ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืื™ืฉื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœืคืจื•ืฉ ืžื‘ืขืœื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ืขื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื”ื”ื ืงื”.
ืื•ืœื ื›ืžื” ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉื’ื–ื™ืจืช ื—ื–"ืœ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืจืง ืœื”ื™ื ืฉื ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ืชืขื‘ืจื” ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืœื”ืคืจื™ืฉื” (ืื‘ื ื™ ืžื™ืœื•ืื™ื ืกื™' ื™ื’ ืก"ืง ื; ื™ืฉื•ืขื•ืช ืžืœื›ื• ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื–ืจ ืกื™' ืงื”; ืขื–ืจืช ื›ื”ืŸ ืกื™' ื—; ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืกื™' ื™ื’ ืก"ืง ืกื—). ื•ืžืฉืžืข ืžืœืฉื•ื ื (ื‘ืคืจื˜ ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื›ื”ืŸ) ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื˜ืขื ื”ื’ื–ืจื”, ืืœื ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ื”ื’ื–ืจื”, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืขืœื™ื”, ื•ืœื ืืกืจื• ืืœื ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ืขื ืžืขื•ื‘ืจืช ื—ื‘ืจื•, ื•ืœื ื›ืืฉืจ ื›ื‘ืจ ื ืฉื•ื™ ืœื”.
ื’) ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื•ืช ื›ื–ื• ื™ืฉ ื’ื ื—ืฉืฉ ืœืฉืœื•ื ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื™ืช ื•ื‘ืขืœื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื”ืกื›ืžื” ืžืœืื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื”.
23 ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš (ื™ื•"ื“ ืจืกื—, ื‘-ื’) ืžื ื” ืืช ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื›ืื—ื“ ื”ืชื ืื™ื ืฉืžืขื›ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื’ื™ื•ืจ ืืฃ ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“. ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ื–ื•ื’ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื’ื“ื™ืจ ืขืฆืžื• ืฉื•ืžืจ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื™ื‘ื—ืจ ื‘ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืกืขื™ืฃ ื“ (ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื™ืช ื’ื•ื™ื”), ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื ื•ืข ืžืœื’ื™ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื•ื•ืœื“. ืขื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื•"ืช ื‘ืžืจืื” ื”ื‘ื–ืง ื—ืœืง ื” ืกื™' ืคื”-ืคื•.
24 ืื™ืŸ ืžืงื•ื ืœื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื™ืช ื’ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœื ื™ืœื“ื” ืงื•ื“ื, ืืฃ ืื ื ืืžืจ ืฉื‘ืขืœืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืื. ืืžื ื ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš (ื™ื•"ื“ ืฉื”, ื): "ืžืฆื•ืช ืขืฉื” ืœืคื“ื•ืช ื›ืœ ืื™ืฉ ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ืœืืžื• ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช", ืืš ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืžืจื (ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ืžื– ืข"ื) ืžืฉืžืข ืฉื’ื“ืจ 'ืื' ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ืžืฆื“ ื™ื•ื—ืกื™ืŸ, ืืœื ืžืฆื“ ืคื˜ืจ ืจื—ื. ื”ื’ืžืจื ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉืœื•ื•ื™ื™ื” ืฉื™ืœื“ื”, ื‘ื ื” ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืŸ, ืืฃ ืฉืžืฉืคื—ืช ืื ืื™ื ื” ืงืจื•ื™ื” ืžืฉืคื—ื”: "ืฉืื ื™ ื”ืชื ื“ืืžืจ ืงืจื 'ืคื˜ืจ ืจื—ื' โ€“ ื‘ืคื˜ืจ ืจื—ื ืชืœื ืจื—ืžื ื". ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืคื˜ืจ ืจื—ื ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื›ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืคืกื•ืง, "ืคึผึถื˜ึถืจ ืจึถื—ึถื ืžึดื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ" (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื’, ื™ื‘), ืื™ืŸ ืžืงื•ื ืœื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืŸ.
25 ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืื ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื™ืช, ื™ืฉ ืœื“ื•ืŸ ืžื›ืžื” ืฆื“ื“ื™ื:
ืœืคื™ ื”ื“ืขื” ืฉื”ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืื™ืžื, ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉื”ื•ื•ืœื“ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืคื˜ืจ ืจื—ื ืœืืžื•. ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืฆื™ืฅ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ (ื—ืœืง ื›ื‘ ืกื™' ื ื”), ืฉืœืฉื™ื˜ืชื• ืฉื”ื™ื•ืœื“ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืื™ืžื โ€“ ื’ื ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจื™ื™ืช ืžื‘ื—ื ื” ื”ื•ื•ืœื“ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืŸ. ื•ืืžื ื ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื• ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืžืงืจื” ืฉืžื—ื–ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืœืจื—ืžื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืžืฉืžืข ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืœืคื•ื ื“ืงืื™ืช, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ื˜ืขื ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ื™ื ืืžื•. ื”ื’ืจื–"ื  ื’ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจื’ (ืชื—ื•ืžื™ืŸ ื”) ื”ื‘ื™ื ื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ืœืฉื™ื˜ื” ืฉื”ืœื™ื“ื” ืงื•ื‘ืขืช ืื™ืžื”ื•ืช ืžื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื‘ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืŸ ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืœื™ื“ื”, ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš (ื™ื•"ื“ ืฉื”, ื›): "ื”ืฉืคื—ื” ืฉื ืฉืชื—ืจืจื” ื•ื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืฉื ืชื’ื™ื™ืจื” ื›ืฉื”ืŸ ืžืขื•ื‘ืจื•ืช, ื•ื™ืœื“ื•, ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ืจืชื• ืฉืœื ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉื”, ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื ื•ืœื“ ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘, ืฉื ืืžืจ: 'ืคื˜ืจ ืจื—ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ' (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื’, ื™ื‘) ื•ื”ืจื™ ืคื˜ืจื• ืจื—ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ" (ื•ืžืงื•ืจื• ืžื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ืžื• ืข"ื). ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื ื›ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉื ื•ืœื“, ืžื—ืžืช ื”ื’ื™ืจื•ืช, ื•ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืŸ. ื•ืžื›ืืŸ ืžื•ื›ื— ืฉื”ืœื™ื“ื” ืงื•ื‘ืขืช ืืช ื”ืื™ืžื”ื•ืช ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืŸ. ื•ืจืื” ืžื” ืฉื”ืงืฉื” ืขืœ ืจืื™ื” ื–ื• ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืืจื™ืืœ (ื‘ืื”ืœื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื” ื—ืœืง ื“ ืกื™' ืข), ื•ืจืื” ืœืขื™ืœ ื”ืขืจื” 8 ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ืื—ื™ื ืชืื•ืžื™ื (ื™ื‘ืžื•ืช ืฆื– ืข"ื‘).
ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื”ืกื‘ืจื” ื‘ืขื™ื ื” ืขื•ืžื“ืช, ืฉืื ื”ืœื™ื“ื” ืงื•ื‘ืขืช ืืช ื”ืื™ืžื”ื•ืช, ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืŸ, ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื”ืฆื™ืฅ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ. ืื•ืœื ืœืคื™ ื”ื“ืขื” ืฉื‘ืขืœืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืื™ืžื, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืกืชืคืง ืื 'ืคื˜ืจ ืจื—ื' ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ืขืœืช ื”ืจื—ื ื”ื™ื ื’ื ืืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื•ืœื“.
ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ืœืกืคืง ื–ื• ื”ื•ื ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘"ื”ื“ื‘ื™ืง ืฉื ื™ ืจื—ืžื™ื": ื‘ื’ืžืจื (ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืข ืข"ื) ื”ืกืชืคืงื• ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืคื˜ืจ ืจื—ื ื‘ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ื‘ื”ืžื”: "ื”ื“ื‘ื™ืง ืฉื ื™ ืจื—ืžื™ื ื•ื™ืฆื ืžื–ื” ื•ื ื›ื ืก ืœื–ื” ืžื”ื•? ื“ื™ื“ื™ื” ืคื˜ืจ, ื“ืœืื• ื“ื™ื“ื™ื” ืœื ืคื˜ืจ, ืื• ื“ืœืžื ื“ืœืื• ื“ื™ื“ื™ื” ื ืžื™ ืคื˜ืจ? ืชื™ืงื•". ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื’ืžืจื, ืฉื”ื•ื•ืœื“ ื”ื•ื ื•ื“ืื™ ืœืื• ื“ื™ื“ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจื—ื ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืžืžื ื• ื™ืฆื, ื•ื”ืกืคืง ื”ื•ื ืฉืžื 'ืคื˜ืจ ืจื—ื' ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื’ื ื›ืฉื”ื•ื•ืœื“ ืื™ื ื• ืฉืœื•, ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื (ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“, ื™ื—). ื•ืื ื›ืŸ, ืขืœ ืคื ื™ื• ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื ื“ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื•ืช ืœืคื™ ื”ื“ืขื” ืฉื‘ืขืœืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืื, ืฉื™ืฉ ื•ืœื“ ืฉืคื•ื˜ืจ ืืช ื”ืจื—ื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ื‘ื ื”. ื•ืœืคื™ ื–ื”, ืœื”ืœื›ื” ื™ืฉ ืกืคืง ืื ื”ื•ื•ืœื“ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืŸ, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื›ืš ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ื‘ื”ื“ื‘ื™ืง ืฉื ื™ ืจื—ืžื™ื. ื•ื›ืŸ ื“ืขืช ื”ื’ืจ"ืฉ ื’ื•ืจืŸ (ืชื•ืจืช ื”ืจืคื•ืื” ืขืž' 182-181), ื•ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืืจื™ืืœ (ื‘ืฉื™ื—ื” ื‘ืขืœ ืคื”).
ืืžื ื ื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช (ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ื“ ืข"ื ื“"ื” ืขื“) ื›ืชื‘ื• ืขืœ ืกืคืง ื–ื” ืฉืœื ื™ื‘ื•ื ืœืขื•ืœื, ื•ื ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ื’ืžืจื ืจืง ืžืฉื•ื 'ื“ืจื•ืฉ ื•ืงื‘ืœ ืฉื›ืจ', ืืš ื‘ื“ื•ืจื ื• ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ื ืคืงื ืžื™ื ื” ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื™ืช. ื•ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ื“ื™ื‘ืจื• ืขืœ ื”ืžืงืจื” ื”ืžืกื•ื™ื ืฉืœ 'ื”ื“ื‘ื™ืง ืฉื ื™ ืจื—ืžื™ื' ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื“ืžื•ืชื• ืœืžืงืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื‘ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื•ืช.
ืื•ืœื ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ืžืขืฉื” ื—ื•ืฉื‘ (ืœืจื‘ ืœื•ื™ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื”ื™ื™ืœืคืจื™ืŸ, ื—ืœืง ื– ืกื™' ื˜ื–) ื“ื™ื™ืง ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื’ืžืจื ื•ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉื”ืกืคืง ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืึดื ื”ื•ื•ืœื“ ืคื•ื˜ืจ ืืช ื”ืจื—ื ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืžืžื ื• ื ื•ืœื“, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืื ื”ื•ื•ืœื“ ืฉื‘ื ืื—ืจื™ื• ื‘ืจื—ื ื”ืฉื ื™ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื‘ื›ื•ืจื”. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื’ืžืจื ืœื ื”ืกืชืคืงื• ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื•ืœื“ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ.
ื•ืœืคื™ ื–ื” ื™ื™ืชื›ื ื• ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื‘ื›ื•ืจ:
ื) ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื•ื”ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ื–ื” ื‘ื–ื”, ื•ืืฃ ืฉื‘ื’ืžืจื ื”ืกืชืคืงื• ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืคื˜ื•ืจ โ€“ ื”ื•ื ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื”, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ืœื”ืœื›ื” ื–ื” ืกืคืง.
ื‘) ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉื”ื•ื•ืœื“ ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ื‘ื›ื•ืจื”, ืžื”ืจื—ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืžืžื ื• ื ื•ืœื“ ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืื• ืžื”ืจื—ื ื”ืฉื ื™, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืคื˜ืจ ืจื—ื ืืฃ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื‘ื ื”, ื•ื”ืกืชืคืงื• ื‘ื’ืžืจื ืจืง ืื ื”ืจื—ื ื”ืฉื ื™ ืคื˜ื•ืจ, ืฉืžื ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื’ื ื‘ื ื”.
ื’) ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉื”ื•ื•ืœื“ ืื™ื ื• ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื‘ื›ื•ืจื” ืžื”ืจื—ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื™ืฆื ืœืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืืœื ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœืจื—ื ื”ืฉื ื™. ื•ืืฃ ืื™ื ื• ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืžื”ืจื—ื ื”ืฉื ื™, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื‘ื ื”. ื•ื”ืกืชืคืงื• ื‘ื’ืžืจื ืจืง ืื ืœืคื˜ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืจื—ื ื”ืฉื ื™, ืฉืžื ื™ื•ืขื™ืœ ืืฃ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื‘ื ื”.
ื•ืœืคื™ ื–ื” ื ืจืื” ืฉืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืžื›ืืŸ ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ื‘ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื™ืช. ื•ืขื•ื“, ืฉืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื’ืจืฉื (ืขืœ ื”ื’ืžืจื ืฉื) ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืกืคืง: "ืžื™ ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ื•ืœื“ ื“ื™ื“ื™ื” ืคื˜ืจ, ื•ื”ื ืœืื• ื•ืœื“ ื“ื™ื“ื™ื” ืžืŸ ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื•ืœื ืคื˜ืจ ืืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืžืŸ ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจื” ื“ืœืื• ื•ืœื“ ื“ื™ื“ื™ื” ื”ื•ื”, ืื• ื“ืœืžื ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืจื—ืžื ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ืคื˜ืจ". ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืฉืœื“ืขืช ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื’ืจืฉื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉื”ื•ื•ืœื“ ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื‘ื›ื•ืจื” ืžื”ืจื—ื ื”ืฉื ื™ ืืฃ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื”ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœื”. ื•ื”ืกืคืง ื”ื•ื ืจืง ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืคื˜ื•ืจ, ืื ื”ื•ื ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ืื• ืœื. ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืื™ื ื• ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืžื”ืจื—ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื™ืฆื ืœืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืืœื ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืจื—ื ื”ืฉื ื™, ื•ืจืง ืžืฉื ื™ืฆื ืœืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื•ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืœืคื™ ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื’ืจืฉื ืขื•ืœื” ืฉืคื˜ืจ ืจื—ื ืžืงื“ืฉ ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ื’ื ื•ืœื“ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืฉืœื”. ื•ืื ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื™ืช, ืฉืืฃ ืื ืื™ื ื• ื‘ื ื” โ€“ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืŸ.
ืืœื ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืกืชืคืง ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงื™ืฉ ืžื‘ื›ื•ืจ ื‘ื”ืžื” ืœื‘ื›ื•ืจ ืื“ื, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืงื‘ืขื” ืœืฉื ื™ื”ื ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื” ืืช ื”ื’ื“ืจ ืฉืœ 'ืคื˜ืจ ืจื—ื'. ื•ื›ืŸ ื“ืขืช ื”ื’ืจ"ืฉ ื’ื•ืจืŸ (ืชื•ืจืช ื”ืจืคื•ืื” ืฉื) ืฉื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ืžืจื ืฉื™ื™ืš ื’ื ื‘ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ืื“ื, ื•ื”ื’ืžืจื ืœื ื ืงื˜ื” ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื”ืžื” ืืœื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื‘ื’ื•ืคื” ื”ื”ืฉืชืœื” ืงืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื” ืคืจื•ื–ื“ื•ืจ (ืฉื‘ืช ืงื• ืข"ื‘). ื•ื’ื ืžื“ืขืช ืจืฉ"ื™ ื•ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืื™ืŸ ื”ื›ืจื— ืฉื™ื—ืœืงื• ืขืœ ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื’ืจืฉื, ื•ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื“ืขืชื• ืžื•ืกื›ืžืช. ื•ื–ื” ืžื—ืœื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ืžื“ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืœืคื•ื ื“ืงืื™ืช.
ื•ื”ื’ืจื™"ืฉ ืืœื™ืฉื™ื‘ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื”ื•ื‘ืื• ื‘ื ืฉืžืช ืื‘ืจื”ื, ืžื”ื“' ืฉื ื™ื™ื”, ื—ืœืง ื’ ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื–ืจ ืกื™' ื ืกืขื™ืฃ ื• ื”ืขืจื” 12) ืกื•ื‘ืจ ืฉื‘ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื™ืช ื”ื•ื•ืœื“ ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืฉืœื” ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืŸ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื™ืขืฉื• ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื”. ื•ืœื“ืขืชื• ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื™ืช ืื™ื ื• ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ื™ืง ืฉื ื™ ืจื—ืžื™ื, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื™ืช ื”ื•ื ื’ื“ืœ ื‘ืจื—ืžื” ืชืฉืขื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื, ืžื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืŸ ื‘ื”ื“ื‘ื™ืง ืฉื ื™ ืจื—ืžื™ื, ืฉื”ื•ื•ืœื“ ื ื•ืœื“ ืžื”ืจื—ื ื”ืฉื ื™ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืฉืœื ื•ื’ืžื•ืจ ืžื”ืจื—ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ. ื•ื™ื•ืฆื, ืฉืืฃ ืฉื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื“ืขืช ื”ื’ืจื™"ืฉ ืืœื™ืฉื™ื‘ ื”ื™ื ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ื•ืœื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ ืืช ืฉืชื™ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืœืื™ืžื”ื•ืช, ื•ืืฃ ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืœื“ืขืชื• ื‘ืขืœืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืื ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื, ืœื“ืขืชื•, ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ื—ื•ืก ืืœื ื‘ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืœื™ื“ื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืคืกืง ืฉื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ.
ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื, ืœืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืื, ื”ื•ื•ืœื“ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืŸ. ืœืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ืขืœืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืื, ื™ืฉ ื”ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืŸ ืกืคืง ืื ื”ื•ื•ืœื“ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ, ื•ื™ืฉ ื”ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ.
ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ืฉืืœื” ื–ื• ืื™ื ื” ืžืขืฉื™ืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ, ื›ื™ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืจื•ื‘ ืจืง ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื™ืœื“ื• ืžืฉืžืฉื•ืช ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื™ื•ืช.

ืฉื ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื™ื‘ื™ื ื•ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”,

ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ืืจื ืจื™ื™ืš ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื›ืจืžืœ
ืจืืฉื™ ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ
ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืžื™ื™ืขืฆืช:
ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื ื—ืžื™ื” ื’ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจื’
ื”ืจื‘ ื ื—ื•ื ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ืฅ
ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืจื•ื–ืŸ
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ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื

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    ืžื™ื“ื•ืช

    ืฉืžื™ืจืช ื”ืœืฉื•ืŸ - ื›ื•ื— ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ืขืจื›ื• - ื—ืœืง ื•'

    ื˜"ื• ื˜ื‘ืช ืชืฉืข"ื–

    ื˜"ื• ื˜ื‘ืช ืชืฉืข"ื–
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    ื”ืจื‘ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืคื™ืจื

    ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื™ื•ืžื™ ืœื–ื›ืจื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืคื™ืจื-ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”

    ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื’
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    ื’ืจื™ื

    ื”ื’ื™ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืงื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื”

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืื•ืจ ืงื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ืฉืฅ

    ืื‘ ืชืฉืค"ื‘
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    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš

    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš ื’ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืžืก 72

    ืื™ื™ืจ ื”ืชืฉืข"ื”
ืฉื•"ืช "ื‘ืžืจืื” ื”ื‘ื–ืง"
ืฉื•"ืช "ื‘ืžืจืื” ื”ื‘ื–ืง"
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื

ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืžื”ื™ืจ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืืจื™ืืœ
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืืจื™ืืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื“ืจื•ืงืžืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื“ืจื•ืงืžืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“
     ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“
  • ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื” ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื” ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืกื‘ืชื•
     ื”ืจื‘ ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืกื‘ืชื•
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืื™ืจ ืœืื•
     ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืื™ืจ ืœืื•
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื‘ืจื™ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื‘ืจื™ืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื—ื™ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื—ื™ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ืืœื™ื”
     ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ืืœื™ื”
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    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš

    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš โ€“ ื—ืงืช

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 606

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 606

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืคืจืฉืช ืฉื‘ื•ืข

    ืœื›ืœ ืื™ืฉ ื™ืฉ ืฉื. ืขืœ ื“ืช, ืจื ื•ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื›ืจืžืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ื—ืžื“ืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช

    ืžื’ืข ืžืื›ืœื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ื ื›ืœื™ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื›ืœื™ ืฉื ื™, ื•ืขื™ืจื•ื™

    ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ืฆืœืืœ ื“ื ื™ืืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ื—ืงืช

    ืœืžื” ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื”ืคืš ืœื ื™ื™ืจ ื—ืกืจ ืขืจืš?

    ื”ืจื‘ ื ืชื ืืœ ื™ื•ืกื™ืคื•ืŸ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืœื ื˜ืจื’ื“ื™ื”, ืฆืžื™ื—ื”

    ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉืžื–ื”ื™ืจื™ื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืงื™ืขืชื• ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืฉืŸ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜, ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ืžืกืคืจืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืื—ืจ: ืขื•ืœื ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื ื™, ืืฉืจ ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืืชื’ืจื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื™ื, ื—ื•ื•ื” ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืคืจื™ื—ื” ื—ืกืจืช ืชืงื“ื™ื ื•ืžืขืžื™ื“ ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืœื›ืชื™ืช ืžืขืฉื™ืช ืœืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™

    ื”ืจื‘ ืื•ืจื™ ืกื“ืŸ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืฆื‘ื

    ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื ื”

    ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื”ืžื’ื“ืจื™ืช ื‘ืฆื‘ื ืื™ื ื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉืœ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื. ืชื ืื™ ื”ืœื—ื™ืžื”, ื”ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื•ื”ืงืจื‘ื” ื”ืžืžื•ืฉื›ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ืฉืืœืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื“ื™ื ื™ ืฆื ื™ืขื•ืช ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืื—ืจืช

    ื”ืจื‘ ืขื–ืจื™ืืœ ืืจื™ืืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” - ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื

    ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ืื‘ ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื‘ื ื• ืื•ืžื ื•ืช, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืžืงืฆื•ืข | ื’ื ืื ื”ื‘ืŸ ื™ื‘ื—ืจ ืœื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื• ืœืชื•ืจื”, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื˜ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืื‘ ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื‘ื ื• ืื•ืžื ื•ืช | ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉื”' ืžื‘ื™ื ืœืื“ื ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ืจื™ืฆื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• | ื”ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื›ืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ื”ืฉื | ื”ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืื—ื“ ืžืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื• ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื, ืฉื ื‘ืจื "ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื•ืœืฉื•ืžืจื”", ื•ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ืขื‘ื™ืจื”

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื-ืช ืค"ืฉ

    ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื-ืช-ืค"ืฉ ืคืจืฉืช ื—ืงืช

    ื•ึทื™ึตึผืฉึถืื‘ ื‘ึฐึผืึถืจึถืฅ ื˜ื•ึนื‘. ืžื”ื™ ืฉืžื” ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ืฉืžื” | ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื™ื, ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ ื•ืฉื™ืจืช ืžืฉื” ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืื–ื™ื ื• | ืžื” ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ื ื™ื— ืืช ื ื—ืฉ ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉืช ืขืœ ืขืžื“ื•, ื•ืจืง ื—ื–ืงื™ื”ื• ืžืœืš ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืขืžื“ ื•ืฉื‘ืจื• ืฉืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืื•ืชื• | ืจืื™ื” ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื” ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืจื•ืฆื— ื ืคืฉ ื‘ืฉื’ื’ื”. ื•ืขื•ื“!

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ - ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืœืžืŸ ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื

    ื™ืกื•ื“ ื•ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช

    ื“ืจืš ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื’' ืคืกืงื” ื”-ื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžื‘ืืจ ื›ื™ ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืžื•ืฉืชืช ืขืœ ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ืขืจืš ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ ื•ื”ืชืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืจืื•. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืจื‘ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืขืžื•ืงื” ื–ื• ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžืชืžื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ื•ื“ื‘ื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืจ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™, ืฉืฉื™ืื• ื•ื”ืฉืœืžืชื• ื‘ืื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ื”ืคื™ื›ืช ื”ืจืข ืœื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืฉืš ืœืื•ืจ.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    33 ื“ืง'
    ืžืืžืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™

    ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื•ืจื™ื

    ืžืืžืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื”ืžืฉืš ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืคืกืงื” ื–'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืงื™ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื ื“ืžื•ืช ืฉื›ืœืชื ื™ื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืื‘ ื•ืื ื•ื‘ืจื™ืช ืžื™ืœื”, ืชื•ืš ื”ื“ื’ืฉื” ืฉื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ ื›ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™. ื“ืจืš ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžื”ื’ืžืจื, ืคืกื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ ืกืคืจ ื”ื›ื•ื–ืจื™, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉืช ื”ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื”ืขืœ-ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืืœื•.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื‘ื™ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื•ืจืฅ | ื›"ื’ ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    33 ื“ืง'
    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉ"ืก

    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืงื“ืฉื•ืช

    ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ื”ืงื“ืฉื•ืช ืื™ื ื ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืจืง ืœืกื“ืจ ืงื“ืฉื™ื, ืืœื ื’ื ืœื ื“ืจื™ื ื•ืœื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช. ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ื‘ืื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื“ืžื™ื ืœืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืคื” ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื›ืœื™, ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื™ืจื•ืช, ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื ื™ืกื™ื ื–ืื’ื | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ

    ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื

    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืคืจืง ื”, ืคืกืงื” ื–-ื—

    ื™ืฉื ื” ื“ื•- ืกื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื—ืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ืื“ื ื•ืจืฆื•ื ื• ืœื”ื™ื˜ื™ื‘: ื”ืŸ ืžืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ื–ื• ืืช ื–ื• ื‘ื”ื“ื“ื™ื•ืช.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    30 ื“ืง'
    ื—ืงืช

    ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืกืœืข ืื• ื”ื›ืืชื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    10 ื“ืง'
    ื›ื”ื ื™ื

    ื‘ืจื›ืช ื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื - ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืœื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    1:00
    ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ืš - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•

    ืคืจืฉืช ื—ืงืช ืชืฉืค"ื• โ€“ ื”ื’ื™ืข ื–ืžืŸ ื’ืื•ืœืชื›ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื• | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    23 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื•

    ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ "ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘" ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื ื•ืชืง ืžื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืžืขืฉื™ืช, ื•ืžื‘ืงืจ ืืช ื”ื ืฆืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื—ืจื” ืœื”ื™ืฉืขืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืชื•ืš ื ื˜ื™ืฉืช ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืืœ ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื•ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœืกืœื•ืœ ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื•ืœื”ืืจืช ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœืŸ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื’' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    35 ื“ืง'
    ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช

    ื ืคื™ืœืช ืืคื™ื™ื - ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื•ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    7 ื“ืง'
    ื›ื”ื ื™ื

    ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื—ืก ืืœื™ื”ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    34 ื“ืง'
    ื—ืงืช

    ืกื•ื“ ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ื•ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ืžืกืžืœืช ืงื‘ืœืช ืขื•ืœ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ื™ื ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช, ื•ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ืžืื” ื•ื”ื˜ื”ืจื” ื”ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืงื“ื•ืฉืชื• ื•ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืจื‘ ืžืชืืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ืช ื–ื• ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืœื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืคื ื™ืžื™, ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื•ืฉืžื— ืืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืžืฉืชืงืฃ ื‘"ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ" ื•ืžื‘ื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืœื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ืฉืŸ | ื’' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    39 ื“ืง'
    ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ.ื™ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ

    ืžืœื—ืžืช ืขื•ืœื ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืœ ื•ืฉื ื”ื•ื•ื™ื”

    ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื” - ืžืืžืจ "ื ืื“ืจ ื‘ืงื•ื“ืฉ" ืกืขื™ืฃ ื“'

    ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืฆ"ืœ ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืืช ื”ืคื™ืกืงืื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช ื•ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืืช ืฉื ื”ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืฉื•ืจืฉ ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ. ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ | ืœ' ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื
ืื–ื•ืจ ืื™ืฉื™

ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœืš, ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื‘ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ื•ืœื”ืžืฉืš ืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื• ืขื–ื‘ืช ืื•ืชืŸ.

ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il