ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืกืคืจื™ื”
  • ืคื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืœื›ื”
  • ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ื‘ ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืžื˜ื‘ื—
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
  • ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืžื“ื™ื ื”
  • ื›ืฉืจื•ืช
  • ื“ื™ื ื™ ื›ืฉืจื•ืช
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15 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ื - ื”ื™ื—ืก ืœื’ื•ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ื”ืชื‘ื•ืœืœื•ืช
ื›ืกื™ื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืชื‘ื•ืœืœื•ืช, ื’ื–ืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉืœื ื™ืื›ืœื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืคืช ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ื•ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœื™ ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ื•ื™ื™ื. ื•ืืžื ื ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœืื”ื•ื‘ ื›ืœ ืื“ื ื‘ืœื ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ ื’ื–ืข ื•ื“ืช, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ื”ื’ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืฉืคืชื— ืืช ืื•ื”ืœื• ืœื›ืœ ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื. ื•ื–ื” ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื• ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืจื›ื” ืœื›ืœ ื”ืขืžื™ื, ื›ืžื• ืฉื ืืžืจ ืœืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื™ื‘, ื‘-ื’): "ื•ึฐืึถืขึถืฉื‚ึฐืšึธ ืœึฐื’ื•ึนื™ ื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ ื•ึทืึฒื‘ึธืจึถื›ึฐืšึธ ื•ึทืึฒื’ึทื“ึผึฐืœึธื” ืฉืึฐืžึถืšึธ ื•ึถื”ึฐื™ึตื” ื‘ึผึฐืจึธื›ึธื”... ื•ึฐื ึดื‘ึฐืจึฐื›ื•ึผ ื‘ึฐืšึธ ื›ึผึนืœ ืžึดืฉืึฐืคึผึฐื—ึนืช ื”ึธืึฒื“ึธืžึธื”". ื•ื›ืŸ ื ืืžืจ ืœื™ืฆื—ืง ืื‘ื™ื ื• (ืฉื ื›ื•, ื“): "ื•ึฐื”ึดืชึฐื‘ึผึธืจึฒื›ื•ึผ ื‘ึฐื–ึทืจึฐืขึฒืšึธ ื›ึผึนืœ ื’ึผื•ึนื™ึตื™ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ". ื•ื›ืŸ ื ืืžืจ ืœื™ืขืงื‘ ืื‘ื™ื ื• (ืฉื ื›ื—, ื™ื“): "ื•ึฐื ึดื‘ึฐืจึฒื›ื•ึผ ื‘ึฐืšึธ ื›ึผึธืœ ืžึดืฉืึฐืคึผึฐื—ึนืช ื”ึธืึฒื“ึธืžึธื” ื•ึผื‘ึฐื–ึทืจึฐืขึถืšึธ". ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืžืจืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง, ืฉืื”ื‘ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช "ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ืชืคืฉื˜ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืื“ื ื›ื•ืœื•, ืœืžืจื•ืช ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื“ืขื•ืช, ื“ืชื•ืช ื•ืืžื•ื ื•ืช, ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื™ืœื•ืงื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื–ืขื™ื ื•ื”ืืงืœื™ืžื™ื". "ืื”ื‘ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื™ื” ื‘ืœื‘ ื•ื‘ื ืฉืžื” - ืื”ื‘ืช ื›ืœ ืื“ื ื‘ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“, ื•ืื”ื‘ืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขืžื™ื ื›ื•ืœื... ื›ื™ ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื—ื™ื™ื, ืื•ืจ ื•ืงื•ื“ืฉ, ืชืžื™ื“ ืœื ื–ื–ื” ืžื”ืฆืœื ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ ืฉื ื—ื ืŸ ื‘ื• ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื›ืœืœื•, ื•ื—ื•ื ื ื• ื‘ื• ื›ืœ ืขื ื•ืœืฉื•ืŸ, ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืœืคื™ ืขืจื›ื•". ื•ื”ืฉื ืื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืคื ื™ืช ืจืง ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ืจืฉืขื” ืฉืžืื’ื“ืช ืืช ื”ืขืžื™ื ื•ืกื•ื—ืคืช ืืช ื”ืจืฉืขื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื™ ืจืฉืข ื•ืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช (ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืื™ื”, ืื”ื‘ื”, ืกืขื™ืคื™ื ื”'; ื™').
ืื•ืœื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืจื›ื” ืœื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื, ืขืœื™ื• ืœื“ื‘ื•ืง ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ืœื”ืงื™ื ืžืžืœื›ืช ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื•ื’ื•ื™ ืงื“ื•ืฉ, ื•ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขืจืš ื”ืžืงื•ื“ืฉ ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืชื—ื•ื ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ืื•ืจ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ ื•ื‘ืจื›ืชื• ื™ืชืคืฉื˜ื• ืืœ ื›ืœ ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื, ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืชืชืคืฉื˜ ื”ืฉืจืื” ื•ื‘ืจื›ื” ืœื›ืœ ื”ืขืžื™ื. ืœืฉื ื›ืš ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื• ื•ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ ื’ื“ืจ ืฉืชืžื ืข ืืช ื‘ื ื™ื• ืžืœื”ืชื‘ื•ืœืœ ื‘ืขืžื™ื ื•ืœืฉื›ื•ื— ืืช ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื. ื•ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื”ืžืื›ืœื™ื ืžืงืจื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืœื‘ื‘ื•ืช, ืงื‘ืขื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื’ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœื”ื‘ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื, ืฉืœื ื™ืื›ืœื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืื›ืœื™ ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ื›ื™ื™ืŸ, ืคืช ื•ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœื™ื, ื’ื ื›ืฉื”ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืžืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื›ืฉืจื™ื.
ืขืœ ื›ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืจื ื• ื•ืจื‘ื ื• ื”ืจืฆื™"ื” ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื•ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ: "ื”ื‘ื“ืœื” ืื™ื ื” ื”ืคืจื“ื”", ื•ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื•ืืžืจ, ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืชืคืจืกื ืžืฉืคื˜ ื–ื”, ืชื‘ื•ื ื’ืื•ืœื” ืœืขื•ืœื. ื›ื™ ื”ื‘ื ื” ื–ื• ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื“ื ื•ืขื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื•ืกืจื™, ื‘ืœื ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื ืฉืœ ืขืžื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื.
ื•ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืกืชืคืง ื‘ื”ื‘ื“ืœื” ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืขืžื™ื, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืขืžื™ื ื•ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื ื’ืจืจื™ื ืื—ืจ ื”ืจืข ื•ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืจืฉืข, ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ื•ืงื™ืขื ื•ืœื”ืชืจื—ืง ื•ืœื”ื™ืคืจื“ ืžื”ื ื•ืžืจืฉืขื•ืชื. ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ื“ื•ืจ ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื”ืฉืคืขืชื ื’ื–ืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ื—ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื’ืข ื‘ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืืกื•ืจ ื’ื ื‘ื”ื ืื”. ื”ืจื™ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื”ืจื—ืงื•ืช ืžืžืื›ืœื™ ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœืฉืชื™ ื”ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•: ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื“ืœ ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืœื”ืจื—ื™ืง ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืชืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ืจืฉืข ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ื‘ื”ืŸ.
ื™ืกื•ื“ ื–ื” ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื›ืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ ื”ืžืื›ืœื™ื, ืฉื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœื”ื‘ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœืงื“ืฉื, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื›, ื›ื“-ื›ื•): "... ืึฒื ึดื™ ื”' ืึฑืœื•ึนื”ึตื™ื›ึถื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื”ึดื‘ึฐื“ึผึทืœึฐืชึผึดื™ ืึถืชึฐื›ึถื ืžึดืŸ ื”ึธืขึทืžึผึดื™ื. ื•ึฐื”ึดื‘ึฐื“ึผึทืœึฐืชึผึถื ื‘ึผึตื™ืŸ ื”ึทื‘ึผึฐื”ึตืžึธื” ื”ึทื˜ึผึฐื”ึนืจึธื” ืœึทื˜ึผึฐืžึตืึธื” ื•ึผื‘ึตื™ืŸ ื”ึธืขื•ึนืฃ ื”ึทื˜ึผึธืžึตื ืœึทื˜ึผึธื”ึนืจ, ื•ึฐืœึนื ืชึฐืฉืึทืงึผึฐืฆื•ึผ ืึถืช ื ึทืคึฐืฉืึนืชึตื™ื›ึถื ื‘ึผึทื‘ึผึฐื”ึตืžึธื” ื•ึผื‘ึธืขื•ึนืฃ ื•ึผื‘ึฐื›ึนืœ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืชึผึดืจึฐืžึนืฉื‚ ื”ึธืึฒื“ึธืžึธื” ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื”ึดื‘ึฐื“ึผึทืœึฐืชึผึดื™ ืœึธื›ึถื ืœึฐื˜ึทืžึผึตื. ื•ึดื”ึฐื™ึดื™ืชึถื ืœึดื™ ืงึฐื“ึนืฉืึดื™ื ื›ึผึดื™ ืงึธื“ื•ึนืฉื ืึฒื ึดื™ ื”', ื•ึธืึทื‘ึฐื“ึผึดืœ ืึถืชึฐื›ึถื ืžึดืŸ ื”ึธืขึทืžึผึดื™ื ืœึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึนืช ืœึดื™". ื•ื›ืŸ ืœืžื“ื ื• ืฉืื›ื™ืœืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืžืื›ืœื™ ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื•ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื”, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืฉืžื•ืช ืœื“, ื˜ื•-ื˜ื–): "ืคึผึถืŸ ืชึผึดื›ึฐืจึนืช ื‘ึผึฐืจึดื™ืช ืœึฐื™ื•ึนืฉืึตื‘ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื•ึฐื–ึธื ื•ึผ ืึทื—ึฒืจึตื™ ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ื”ึถื ื•ึฐื–ึธื‘ึฐื—ื•ึผ ืœึตืืœึนื”ึตื™ื”ึถื ื•ึฐืงึธืจึธื ืœึฐืšึธ ื•ึฐืึธื›ึทืœึฐืชึผึธ ืžึดื–ึผึดื‘ึฐื—ื•ึน. ื•ึฐืœึธืงึทื—ึฐืชึผึธ ืžึดื‘ึผึฐื ึนืชึธื™ื• ืœึฐื‘ึธื ึถื™ืšึธ ื•ึฐื–ึธื ื•ึผ ื‘ึฐื ึนืชึธื™ื• ืึทื—ึฒืจึตื™ ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ื”ึถืŸ ื•ึฐื”ึดื–ึฐื ื•ึผ ืึถืช ื‘ึผึธื ึถื™ืšึธ ืึทื—ึฒืจึตื™ ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ื”ึถืŸ". 1

ื‘ - ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ื•ื™ื™ื
ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื’ื–ืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืขืœ ืžืื›ืœื™ ื’ื•ื™ื™ื, ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืฉื’ื–ืจื• ืขืœ ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ืžื•ืจ ืฉื‘ื”ื. ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื (ืข"ื– ืœื•, ื‘) "ื’ื–ืจื• ืขืœ ืคื™ืชื ืžืฉื•ื ื™ื™ื ื, ื•ืขืœ ื™ื™ื ื ืžืฉื•ื ื‘ื ื•ืชื™ื”ื, ื•ืขืœ ื‘ื ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืžืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ (ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื”)". ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉืœื ื™ืฉืชื• ืืช ื™ื™ื ื ื•ื‘ื›ืš ื”ืขืžื™ื“ื• ืืช ื”ื’ื“ืจ ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืชื‘ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื•ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื”. ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื™ื“ื™ ืฉืชื™ื™ืช ื™ื™ื ื, ื’ื–ืจื• ื’ื ืฉืœื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืคืช ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœื™ ื’ื•ื™ื™ื. ื•ืืฃ ืฉื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืื™ืŸ ื’ื•ื–ืจื™ื ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืœื’ื–ื™ืจื”, ืžืฉื•ื ื—ื•ืžืจืช ื—ืฉืฉ ื”ืชื‘ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื’ื–ืจื• ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืœื’ื–ื™ืจื”. ื•ืขื•ื“, ื—ืฉืฉื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉืื ืœื ื™ื’ื–ืจื• ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืขืœ ืคืช ื•ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœื™ ื’ื•ื™ื™ื, ื’ื ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื™ืคืจืฅ, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ื ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื›ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืื—ืช (ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืœื•, ื‘).
ืขื•ื“ ื›ืฉื”ื™ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื’ื–ื•ืจ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืขืœ ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื’ื•ื™ื™ื. ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื (ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืงื•, ื), ืฉืœืื—ืจ ืฉื‘ืœืขื ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืขื•ืจ ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœืงืœืœ ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื”ืฆื™ืข ืœื‘ืœืง ืžืœืš ืžื•ืื‘ ืœื”ื—ื˜ื™ื ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื–ื ื•ืช, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื›ืขื™ืกื• ืืช ืืœื•ื”ื™ื”ื ื•ื™ื™ืขื ืฉื•. ืœืฉื ื›ืš ื”ืฆื™ืข ืœื”ืงื™ื ื‘ืกืžื•ืš ืœืžื—ื ื” ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื•ื”ืœื™ื ืœืžืžื›ืจ ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ืœื‘ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืคืฉืชืŸ ืฉื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืชืื•ื•ื™ื ืœืœื•ื‘ืฉื, ื•ืœื”ื•ืฉื™ื‘ ื‘ื”ื ืžื•ื›ืจื•ืช ื–ื•ื ื•ืช, ื–ืงื ื” ืžื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ื•ื ืขืจื” ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื. ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื›ืœื• ื•ืฉืชื• ื•ืฉืžื—ื•, ื™ืฆืื• ืœื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื•ืžืฆืื• ืœืคื ื™ื”ื ืฉื•ืง ืฉืœ ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ืคืฉืชืŸ, ื•ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ื–ืงื ื” ืžืฆื™ืขื” ืืช ื”ื‘ื’ื“ ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจื• ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ, ื•ื”ื ืขืจื” ืžืฆื™ืฆื” ืžื”ืื•ื”ืœ ื•ืžืฆื™ืขื” ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื—ืฆื™ ืžื—ื™ืจ. ื ื›ื ืก ื•ืงื ื” ืืฆืœ ื”ื ืขืจื”. ื›ืš ืขืฉื• ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ื•ืฉืœื•ืฉ, ืขื“ ืฉื ืขืฉื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื, ื•ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ื ืขืจื” ืื•ืžืจืช ืœื•: ื”ืจื™ ืืชื” ื›ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืืฆืœื™, ืฉื‘ ื•ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืœืขืฆืžืš ื‘ื’ื“ ื ืื”. ื•ื ื•ื“ื•ืช ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืืฆืœื”, ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืœื ื ืืกืจ, ื•ื”ืฆื™ืขื” ืœื• ืฉื™ืฉืชื”. ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืฉืชื” ื”ื—ืœ ื™ืฆืจื• ืœื‘ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื• ื•ื”ื™ื” ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืœื—ื˜ื•ื ืขืžื”. ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื” ืœื• ืคืกืœ ืžื—ื™ืงื” ื•ืืžืจื” ืœื•: "ืขื‘ื•ื“ ืœื–ื” ื•ืืฉืžืข ืœืš". ืืžืจ ืœื”: "ื”ืœื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืื ื™"?! ืืžืจื” ืœื•: "ืžื” ืื›ืคืช ืœืš, ื›ึฐึผืœื•ึผื ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืžืžืš ืืœื ืคื™ืขื•ืจ?" (ืœื”ืชืคื ื•ืช ืœื ืงื‘ื™ืš ืžื•ืœ ื”ืคืกืœ). ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื›ืš ื”ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœ ืคืขื•ืจ, ืฉืžืชืคื ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ื•. ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื™ื™ื ื• ื•ืชืื•ื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื” ืคื•ืขืจ ืขืฆืžื• ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืคืกืœ ื•ื—ื•ื˜ื ืขืžื” ื•ื›ื•ืคืจ ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื•. ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื”, ื-ื˜): "ื•ึทื™ึผึตืฉืึถื‘ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื‘ึผึทืฉึผืึดื˜ึผึดื™ื, ื•ึทื™ึผึธื—ึถืœ ื”ึธืขึธื ืœึดื–ึฐื ื•ึนืช ืึถืœ ื‘ึผึฐื ื•ึนืช ืžื•ึนืึธื‘. ื•ึทืชึผึดืงึฐืจึถืืŸึธ ืœึธืขึธื ืœึฐื–ึดื‘ึฐื—ึตื™ ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ื”ึถืŸ, ื•ึทื™ึผึนืื›ึทืœ ื”ึธืขึธื ื•ึทื™ึผึดืฉืึฐืชึผึทื—ึฒื•ื•ึผ ืœึตืืœึนื”ึตื™ื”ึถืŸ. ื•ึทื™ึผึดืฆึผึธืžึถื“ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืœึฐื‘ึทืขึทืœ ืคึผึฐืขื•ึนืจ, ื•ึทื™ึผึดื—ึทืจ ืึทืฃ ื”' ื‘ึผึฐื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ".
ื•ืืฃ ื–ืžืจื™ ื‘ืŸ ืกืœื•ื ืžืจืืฉื™ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ืœืฉื‘ื˜ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ, ืคืจืฅ ื’ื“ืจ ื•ื—ื˜ื ืขื ื›ื•ื–ื‘ื™ ื‘ืช ืฆื•ืจ ืžื ืกื™ื›ื™ ืžื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืขื™ื ื™ ืžืฉื” ื•ื”ืขื, ื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื ื’ืจืจื• ืื—ืจื™ื•. ื•ื”' ื”ื—ืœ ืœื ื’ื•ืฃ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืืจื‘ืขื” ืืœืฃ ืื™ืฉ, ืขื“ ืฉืงื ืคื™ื ื—ืก ื‘ืŸ ืืœืขื–ืจ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื•ื”ืจื’ ืืช ื–ืžืจื™ ื•ื›ื•ื–ื‘ื™, ื•ื ืจืชืขื• ื”ื—ื•ื˜ืื™ื ื•ื”ืžื’ืคื” ื ืขืฆืจื”. ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืืœืขื–ืจ ื”ืžื•ื“ืขื™ (ืคืจืงื™ ื“ืจื‘ื™ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžื•): "ืขืžื“ ืคื™ื ื—ืก ื•ื”ื—ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืกื•ื“ ืฉื ื”ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื•ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ื›ื—ืจื ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื›ื—ืจื ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ, ืฉืœื ื™ืฉืชื” ืื“ื ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื™ื™ื ื ืฉืœ ื’ื•ื™ื™ื... ืฉื›ืœ ื™ื™ื ื ืฉืœ ื’ื•ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ื•ืœื–ื ื•ืช". ื›ืคื™ ื”ื ืจืื” ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ื›ื ืกื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืืจืฅ ื•ื™ืฉื‘ื• ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื, ื ืฉืชื›ื— ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื–ื”.

ื’ - ื“ื ื™ืืœ ื•ื—ื‘ืจื™ื•
ื‘ืฉืœื”ื™ ื™ืžื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื›ื‘ืฉ ื ื‘ื•ื›ื“ื ืฆืจ ืžืœืš ื‘ื‘ืœ ืืช ืžืžืœื›ืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ื”ื’ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉื›ื‘ืฉ, ืœืงื— ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ ื ืขืจื™ื ืžืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื”ื ื›ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืืช ื“ื ื™ืืœ, ื—ื ื ื™ื”, ืžื™ืฉืืœ ื•ืขื–ืจื™ื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ื“ืœื ื‘ืืจืžื•ื ื• ืขืœ ื‘ืจื›ื™ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืœ, ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืฉื™ื–ื“ื”ื• ืขื ืขืžื• ื•ื“ืชื•, ื•ื›ืฉื™ื’ื“ืœื• ื™ืกื™ื™ืขื• ื‘ื™ื“ื• ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ ืขืžื. ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื, ื‘ืขื•ื“ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื, ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื—ื–ืงืชื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื ื›ื‘ื“ื™ ื”ืขืžื™ื, ืฉืื ื™ืžืจื“ื• ื ื’ื“ื•, ื™ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื”ื ืœื”ื•ืจื’. ืฉืœื ื›ื‘ื ื™ ืฉืืจ ื”ืขืžื™ื, ืฉืชื•ืš ื–ืžืŸ ืงืฆืจ ื‘ืงืฉื• ืœื”ืชื“ืžื•ืช ืœื‘ื‘ืœื™ื ื”ืžื ืฆื—ื™ื ื•ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื›ืžื•ืชื, ื“ื ื™ืืœ ืจืฆื” ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื–ื”ื•ืชื• ื•ืœื“ื‘ื•ืง ื‘ืืžื•ื ืช ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื•, ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื•ืฉืคืข ืžืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืœ, ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืœื”ืชื ื–ืจ ืžืื›ื™ืœืช ืคื™ืชื, ื™ื™ื ื ื•ืฉืžื ื. ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื“ื ื™ืืœ ื, ื—): "ื•ึทื™ึผึธืฉื‚ึถื ื“ึผึธื ึดื™ึผึตืืœ ืขึทืœ ืœึดื‘ึผื•ึน ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืœึนื ื™ึดืชึฐื’ึผึธืึทืœ ื‘ึผึฐืคึทืชึฐื‘ึผึทื’ ื”ึทืžึผึถืœึถืšึฐ ื•ึผื‘ึฐื™ึตื™ืŸ ืžึดืฉืึฐืชึผึธื™ื•", ื‘ึฐื™ึตื™ืŸ ืžึดืฉืึฐืชึผึธื™ื• ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืฉื ื™ ืžืฉืงื™ื: ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืฉืžืŸ. ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืืกืจ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืžืฉืžื ื, ืžืžื™ืœื ื’ื ื ืžื ืข ืžืœืื›ื•ืœ ืžืชื‘ืฉื™ืœื™ื”ื, ืฉื›ืŸ ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ื˜ืขื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืฉืžืŸ. ื•ื›ืŸ ื ื”ื’ื• ืขืžื• ื—ื‘ืจื™ื•, ื—ื ื ื™ื” ืžื™ืฉืืœ ื•ืขื–ืจื™ื”, ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžืกืชืคืงื™ื ื‘ื–ืจืขื™ื ื•ื‘ืงื˜ื ื™ื•ืช. ืœืžืจื•ืช ื–ืืช, ื‘ื—ืกื“ื™ ื”', ื“ื ื™ืืœ ื•ื—ื‘ืจื™ื• ื ืจืื• ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื ืžื›ืœ ื”ื ืขืจื™ื ืฉืื›ืœื• ืžืžืื›ืœื™ ื”ืžืœืš (ื“ื ื™ืืœ ืคืจืง ื; ืข"ื– ืœื•, ื).
ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืชื ื–ืจื•ืชื ืžืžืื›ืœื™ ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ, ื•ืฉืžืจื• ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื‘ืืจืžื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืžืœืš ื‘ื‘ืœ, ื•ืฉื™ืžืฉื• ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื•ืžื•ืคืช ืœืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื ืคืฉ ืขืœ ืฉืžื™ืจืช ื”ื–ื”ื•ืช ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ื‘ืชื ืื™ื ืงืฉื™ื.
ื›ืคื™ ื”ื ืจืื”, ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ืขืฉื” ื“ื ื™ืืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื“ื•ืจ, ื”ื“ืจื™ืš ืืช ื”ืขื ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืกื™ื™ื’ื™ื ืืœื• ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ืชื‘ื•ืœืœื• ื‘ื’ื•ื™ื™ื. ืื•ืœื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื‘ื ื™ ื“ื•ืจื• ืœื ื”ืœื›ื• ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื• ื•ื ื”ื ื• ืžืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช ื’ื•ื™ื™ื, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ืฉื’ื–ื™ืจืช ื”ื”ืฉืžื“ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืŸ ื•ืื—ืฉื•ื•ืจื•ืฉ ื ื’ื–ืจื” "ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื ื”ื ื• ืžืกืขื•ื“ืชื• ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื• ืจืฉืข" (ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื™ื‘, ื). ืื•ืœื "ืžึธืจึฐื“ึผึณื›ึทื™ ื™ึธื“ึทืข ืึถืช ื›ึผึธืœ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื ึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึธื” (ืืกืชืจ ื“, ื)... ื™ื“ืข ืžืื™ื–ื” ื—ื˜ื ืœืงื• - ืขืœ ืฉืื›ืœื• ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœื™ ื’ื•ื™ื™ื" (ื™ืœืงื•"ืฉ ืืกืชืจ ืชืชืจื ื•). 2
ื•ืืฃ ืฉื‘ืื•ืชื• ื“ื•ืจ ืขื•ื“ ืœื ื”ืชืงื‘ืœื” ื”ื“ืจื›ืชื• ืฉืœ ื“ื ื™ืืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืืžื•ื ืชื ื•ื’ื‘ื•ืจืชื ืฉืœ ื“ื ื™ืืœ ื•ื”ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื•, ื–ื›ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื”ื™ื’ืืœ ื•ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืืจืฅ ื•ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™. ืœืื—ืจ ื›ืืจื‘ืข ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื”, ื—ื–ืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื•ื’ื–ืจื• ืขืœ ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ื•ืžืื›ืœื™ ื’ื•ื™ื™ื, ื•ื ืชืงื‘ืœื” ื’ื–ื™ืจืชื ื•ื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื” ืœื“ื•ืจื™ ื“ื•ืจื•ืช.

ื“ - ื”ืฉืชืœืฉืœื•ืช ื’ื–ื™ืจืช ืคืช ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืฉืžืŸ
ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœืคื ื™ ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™, ื‘ืืกื™ืคื” ืžืชื•ื—ื” ื‘ืขืœื™ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ื—ื ื ื™ื” ื‘ืŸ ื—ื–ืงื™ื”, ื ื—ืœืงื• ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืžืื™ ืขื ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœืœ, ื•ื›ืฉืขืžื“ื• ืœืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืžืฆืื• ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืžืื™ ืžืจื•ื‘ื™ื, ื•ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืขืฉืจื” ื’ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ื’ื–ืจื• ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ื. ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืขืกืงื• ื‘ื”ื•ืกืคืช ื’ื“ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ื˜ื•ืžืื” ื•ื˜ื”ืจื”, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืคื•ืกืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื• ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ื‘ื˜ื”ืจื”, ื•ื’ื ืขืœ ื™ื™ืŸ, ืคืช ื•ืฉืžืŸ ืฉืœ ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ื’ื–ืจื• (ืฉื‘ืช ื™ื’, ื‘; ื™ื–, ื‘, ืข"ื– ืœื”, ื‘).
ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืžืื™ ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœืœ ื”ื™ืชื” ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ืช, ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืžืื™ ื ื˜ื• ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ื•ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ, ื•ืกื‘ืจื• ืฉื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ืฆืจ ืืช ืฉืžื™ืจืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื™ืฉ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื’ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืกื™ื™ื’ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื. ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœืœ ืกื‘ืจื• ืฉืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื”ืชืืžืฅ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื•ืœื”ืงืœ ื•ืœืžืขื˜ ื‘ื’ื–ื™ืจื•ืช, ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ื’ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ - ื’ื•ืจืข ื•ืžื›ืฉื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื’ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืชืงืฉื” ืœืงื™ื™ื. ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื ืคืกืงื” ื”ืœื›ื” ื›ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœืœ, ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ื”ืชืงื‘ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื•ืื“ื. ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื (ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื’, ื‘): "ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ื ื—ืœืงื• ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืžืื™ ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœืœ... ื™ืฆืื” ื‘ืช ืงื•ืœ ื•ืืžืจื”: ืืœื• ื•ืืœื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื, ื•ื”ืœื›ื” ื›ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœืœ... ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื ื•ื—ื™ื ื•ืขืœื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ื•, ื•ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืžืื™. ื•ืœื ืขื•ื“ ืืœื ืฉืžืงื“ื™ืžื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืžืื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื". ืื•ืœื ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืืกื™ืคื” ืจื‘ื• ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืžืื™ ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœืœ, ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ืงืฉื• ื—ื›ืžื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœืœ ืœืคื–ืจ ืืช ื”ืืกื™ืคื” ื•ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืืœื• ืœืื—ืจ ื–ืžืŸ, ื ืขืฆื• ื—ื›ืžื™ ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืžืื™ ื—ืจื‘ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ื•ืชื‘ืขื• ืœื”ื›ืจื™ืข ืืช ื”ื”ืœื›ื”, ื•ื ืคืกืงื” ื”ืœื›ื” ื›ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืžืื™.
ืขืœ ืื•ืชืŸ ื’ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืฉื ื˜ื” ืœื‘ื™ืช ืฉืžืื™: "ื‘ื• ื‘ื™ื•ื ื’ื“ืฉื• ืืช ื”ืกืื”", ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืงื‘ืขื• ืกื™ื™ื’ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื™ืคื” ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื”, ืœื’ื“ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืขื ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช. ื•ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœืœ ืืžืจ: "ื‘ื• ื‘ื™ื•ื ืžื—ืงื• ืื•ืชื”", ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื’ื–ืจื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ื’ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืงืฉื” ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ื”ืŸ, ื•ืžืชื•ืš ืฉืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื’ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื ื’ืจืจื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื’ื ืขืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื” (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืฉื‘ืช ื, ื“; ืจืฉ"ื™ ืฉื‘ืช ืงื ื’, ื‘). 3

ื” - ื’ื•ืจืœืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืจืช ื”ืฉืžืŸ
ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื›ื›ืœืœ ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœืœ ืžืจื•ื‘ื™ื, ื•ืจื•ื‘ ื–ื” ื”ืชืจื—ื‘ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช, ืœื ื‘ืงืฉื• ื—ื›ืžื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœืœ ืœืขืจืขืจ ืขืœ ืชื•ืงืคืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื•ืช, ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื”ืชืงื‘ืœื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื ื—ืจืฅ ืชื•ืš ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื ืคืฉ. ื–ื”ื• ืฉืืžืจื• (ืข"ื– ืœื•, ื): "ื‘ึผึทื›ึผึนืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ื™ืจื•, ื—ื•ืฅ ืžืฉืžื•ื ื” ืขืฉืจ ื“ื‘ืจ, ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื‘ื ืืœื™ื”ื• ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ื ื• ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืžืขื™ืŸ ืœื•".
ืืžื ื ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ื˜ื”ืจื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ - ืจื•ื‘ ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืขืฉืจื” ื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื˜ืœื• ืžืืœื™ื”ืŸ. ืœื ื–ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืืœื ืฉื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืงื•ื ืœื—ืฉืฉื ืฉืœ ื—ื›ืžื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœืœ, ื•ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืชืงืฉื• ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื’ื–ื™ืจืช ื”ืฉืžืŸ ืฉื ืฆืจืš ืžืื•ื“ ืœืžื–ื•ืŸ. ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื’ื‘ืจื• ื”ืฆืจื•ืช ื•ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ื•ืฉืœื• ืžืื“ืžืชื, ื”ืงื•ืฉื™ ื’ื‘ืจ. ืขื“ ืฉื›ืžืืชื™ื™ื ื•ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื” ืœืื—ืจ ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ, ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื™ืžื™ ื”ืืžื•ืจืื™ื, ื‘ื“ืงื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื•ืžืฆืื• ืฉืœื ืคืฉื˜ื” ื’ื–ื™ืจืช ื”ืฉืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืขืžื“ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื ืฉื™ืื”, ื ื›ื“ื• ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื™, ื•ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ื ื• ื‘ื™ื˜ืœ ืืช ื’ื–ื™ืจืช ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ืฉืžืŸ. ืฉื›ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืœืœ ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ื’ื–ื™ืจืช ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื›ืœืœ ื ื•ืกืฃ: "ืื™ืŸ ื’ื•ื–ืจื™ื ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืฆื‘ื•ืจ ืืœื ืื ื›ืŸ ืจื•ื‘ ืฆื‘ื•ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ื”". ื•ื–ื”ื• ืฉื”ืขื™ื“ ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืžืœืื™: "ืฉืžืŸ - ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” (ื ืฉื™ืื”) ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ื ื• ื ืžื ื• ืขืœื™ื• ื•ื”ืชื™ืจื•ื”ื•".
ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœื‘ื‘ืœ ื”ืฉืžื•ืขื” ืขืœ ื”ื™ืชืจ ื”ืฉืžืŸ, ื”ืืžื•ืจื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืจื‘ ืœื ืจืฆื” ืœืงื‘ืœื•, ื›ื™ ืขื•ื“ ื›ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืชื ื’ื“ ืœื™ื•ื–ืžื” ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ื’ื–ื™ืจืช ื”ืฉืžืŸ, ื•ืกื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืžื—ื•ืกืจ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืœืžืชืงื ื™ ื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื”. ืื•ืœื ื—ื‘ืจื• ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื”ื–ื”ื™ืจื•, ืฉืื ื™ืกืจื‘ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืฉืžืŸ ื’ื•ื™ื™ื, ื™ื›ืจื™ื– ืขืœื™ื• ืฉื”ื•ื 'ื–ืงืŸ ืžืžืจื' ืฉื—ื•ืœืง ืขืœ ืคืกื™ืงืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื•ื ืขืชืจ ืจื‘ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืฉืžืŸ ืฉืœ ื’ื•ื™ื™ื (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืฉื‘ืช ื, ื“). ื•ื›ืŸ ื ืคืกืง ื‘ืจืžื‘"ื (ืžืื›"ื ื™ื–, ื›ื‘): "ืฉืžืŸ ืฉืœ ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืžื•ืชืจ, ื•ืžื™ ืฉืื•ืกืจื• ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ื—ื˜ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืžืจื” ืขืœ ืคื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืชื™ืจื•ื”ื•". 4
ื’ื ืืช ื’ื–ื™ืจืช ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืคืช ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืชืงืฉื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืงื™ื™ื, ื•ืขืœ ืคื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื”ื ืฉื™ื, ื ื”ื’ื• ืœื”ืงืœ ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื“ื—ืง ื‘ืคืช ืคืœื˜ืจ, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืคืช ืฉืื•ืคื” ื’ื•ื™ ืืคื” ื‘ืžืืคื™ื™ืชื• ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืจื‘ื™ื (ืœื”ืœืŸ ื›ื—, ื‘). ืืžื ื ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื›ื ื• ื•ืืฃ ื—ื•ื–ืง (ืœื”ืœืŸ ื›ื˜, ื).

ื• - ื’ื–ื™ืจืช ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœื™ ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ื•ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื•ืช
ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ื’ื–ืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ื”ืชื‘ื•ืœืœื•ืช, ืฉืœื ื™ืื›ืœื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœื™ ื’ื•ื™ื™ื. ื”ืจื™ ืฉืฉื ื™ ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ื’ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ื›ืกื™ื™ื’ ืžื”ืชื‘ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื™ืฉื ืŸ: ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืขืœ ืคืช, ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืฉืžืŸ, ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœื™ ื’ื•ื™ื™ื.
ื”ืื—ืช ืฉื•ืจืฉื” ื‘ืžื ื”ื’ ื“ื ื™ืืœ ื•ื—ื‘ืจื™ื• ื•ื”ืžืฉื›ื” ื‘ื’ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืžืื™ ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœืœ, ืฉืœื ื™ืื›ืœื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืคืช, ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืฉืžืŸ ืฉืœ ื’ื•ื™ื™ื. ืžืื›ืœื™ื ืืœื• ื”ื ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืœืื“ื, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืืžืจ ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ืฉืžืจื• ืืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”' ื™ื–ื›ื• ืœืจื•ื‘ ื‘ืจื›ื” ื‘ื“ื’ืŸ, ื‘ืชื™ืจื•ืฉ ื•ื‘ื™ืฆื”ืจ. ืžื”ื“ื’ืŸ ืžืคื™ืงื™ื ืœื—ื ื•ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช, ืžื”ืชื™ืจื•ืฉ ื™ื™ืŸ, ื•ืžื”ื™ืฆื”ืจ ืฉืžืŸ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื–, ื™ื’; ื™ื, ื™ื“). ื›ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ื–ื”, ืขื™ืงืจ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ื•ืžืขืฉืจื•ืช ืžื“ื’ืŸ, ืชื™ืจื•ืฉ ื•ื™ืฆื”ืจ (ืœืขื™ืœ ื—, ื). ื ืžืฆื ืฉื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉืœื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืคืช, ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืฉืžืŸ ืฉืœ ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ืช, ืœืคื™ื” ืžืื›ืœื™ื”ื ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืฆืจืช ืขืฆืžื™ืช. ื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœื™ ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืžื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ืฉื™ืจ ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ืงึดืจื‘ื” ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืฉืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ื•ืฆืจ ืžืื›ื™ืœืช ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœื™ ื’ื•ื™ื™ื, ื’ื ืื ื”ื•ื›ื ื• ืžืžืื›ืœื™ื ืฉืฉื™ื™ื›ื™ื ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ, ืžื›ื•ื— ื’ื–ื™ืจืช ื”ืฉืžืŸ ื ืืกืจื• ื’ื ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœื™ ื’ื•ื™ื™ื, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื• ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ื˜ืขื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœื™ื ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฉืžืŸ. ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ืฆืจื›ื• ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ื’ื–ื™ืจืช ื”ืฉืžืŸ, ืขืžื“ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœื™ ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ื›ื’ื“ืจ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืงึดืจื‘ื” ื™ืชื™ืจื” ืฉืชื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ืœืœื•ืช.
ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื, ื’ื–ื™ืจืช ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืžืื™ ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœืœ ืขืœ ืคืช, ืฉืžืŸ ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ืขื‘ืจื” ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื. ื”ืฉืžืŸ ืฉืื™ืกื•ืจื• ืœื ืคืฉื˜ ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื”ื•ืชืจ ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื•ืชื—ืชื™ื• ื ื•ืชืจ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืขืœ ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœื™ ื’ื•ื™ื™ื. ื‘ืคืช, ื”ืงื™ืœื• ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื“ื—ืง ื‘'ืคืช ืคืœื˜ืจ' ืฉืœ ื’ื•ื™ (ืœื”ืœืŸ ื›ื—, ื‘). ื•ื‘ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืขืœื•ืœ ืœืงืจื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืช ื”ืœื‘ื‘ื•ืช, ื”ื—ืžื™ืจื• ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ืืกืจื• ื’ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื ื’ืข ื‘ื• ื’ื•ื™ (ืœื”ืœืŸ ื›ื˜, ื). ื•ืืฃ ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื• ื•ื’ื–ืจื• ืฉืœื ืœืฉืชื•ืช ืžืฉืงืื•ืช ื—ืจื™ืคื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ื’ื•ื™ ืื• ื‘ื—ื ื•ืชื• (ืœื”ืœืŸ ื›ื˜, ื™ื). ื”ืจื™ ืฉื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ื ืฉืืจื• ืฆืžื•ื“ื™ื ืœืžื’ืžืชื ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช, ืœืžื ื•ืข ืงึดืจื‘ื” ืฉืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ืœืœื•ืช, ื•ื‘ืžื” ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ื”ื›ืจื— ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ, ื›ืžื• ืฉืžืŸ - ื”ืงื™ืœื•, ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืงื™ืœื• ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื“ื—ืง ื‘'ืคืช ืคืœื˜ืจ'. ื•ื‘ืžื” ืฉืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ื›ืžื• ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืžืฉืงืื•ืช ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœื™ื™ื, ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื• ืกื™ื™ื’ื™ื. 5

ื– - ื”ื›ืœื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื’ื–ื™ืจื”
ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ื›ืœื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืคืช ื•ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœื™ ื’ื•ื™ื™ื, ื•ืืฃ ืฉื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ื ื•ืขื“ื” ืœืžื ื•ืข ืงืฉืจื™ ื—ื™ืชื•ืŸ, ื”ื™ื ื—ืœื” ื’ื ืขืœ ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉื™ืชื—ืชื ื• ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืงืฉื™ืฉื™ื ืื• ืกืจื™ืกื™ื ืื• ื›ืžืจื™ื ืฉื ื“ืจื• ืฉืœื ืœื”ืชื—ืชืŸ, ืฉืœื ื—ื™ืœืงื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื‘ื’ื–ื™ืจืชื (ืฉื•"ืช ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื, ืจืžื—; ืจืž"ื ืงื™ื‘, ื). ื•ื–ืืช ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉืžื ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ืื›ืœ ืžืื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ื’ื•ื™ ืžื™ื“ ื™ืงืคื•ืฅ ื•ื™ืชื—ืชืŸ ืขื ื”ืžื‘ืฉืœืช ืื• ืขื ื‘ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžื‘ืฉืœ, ืืœื ืฉืžื ืงื™ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื“ืขืช ื•ื˜ืฉื˜ื•ืฉ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื’ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื“ืจื’ืชื™ ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ืœืœื•ืช. ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ืชืงื ื• ืฉืœื ื™ืื›ืœื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ื™ืŸ, ืคืช ื•ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื’ื•ื™ื™ื, ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ื™ืชื—ื ื›ื• ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื, ื•ื™ื™ืžื ืขื• ืžื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ืื™ืฉื™ ืงืจื•ื‘ ืžื“ื™ ืขื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื, ื•ืœื ื™ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื™ื“ื™ ื”ืชื‘ื•ืœืœื•ืช. ืœื›ืŸ ืืžืจื• (ืข"ื– ืœื•, ื‘), ืฉื’ื–ืจื• ืขืœ ืคืชื ื•ืฉืžื ื ืžืฉื•ื ื™ื™ื ื, ื•ืขืœ ื™ื™ื ื ืžืฉื•ื ื‘ื ื•ืชื™ื”ื, ื•ืขืœ ื‘ื ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืžืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ืฉืžื‘ื˜ืืช ื”ืกืชืคื—ื•ืช ืœืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื–ืจื”. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืœื•ึผ ื”ื—ืฉืฉ ื”ื™ื” ืฉืžื ื™ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืื™ืกื•ืจ ื—ืชื•ื ื” ืขื ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืื• ืœืื™ืกื•ืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืชื•ืš ืฉื”ื ื ืฉืืจื™ื ื‘ื–ื”ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช, ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื’ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืžืื›ืœื™ ื’ื•ื™ื™ื. ืื‘ืœ ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉืžืชื•ืš ืงืฉืจื™ ื—ืชื ื•ืช ื™ื™ื’ืจืจื• ืื—ืจ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื–ืจื” ื•ื™ืชื‘ื•ืœืœื• ื‘ื’ื•ื™ื™ื, ื”ื•ืฆืจื›ื• ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืžืขืจื›ืช ืกื™ื™ื’ื™ื ืฉื ื•ืขื“ื” ืœืžื ื•ืข ื”ืชื‘ื•ืœืœื•ืช. ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืžืฉื•ื ื—ืฉืฉ ื”ืชื‘ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื•ืœื ืžืฉื•ื ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื—ื™ืชื•ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœ ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ, ื›ืžื• ืžืžื–ืจ ืื• ืืฉืช ืื™ืฉ, ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืš ื—ืฉืฉ ื”ืชื‘ื•ืœืœื•ืช. 6
ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืื™ืกื•ืจ ืคืช ื•ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœื™ ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ื—ืœ ื’ื ืขืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืžื•ืžืจื™ื, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืžืžืจื™ื ืืช ื“ืชื ื•ืื™ื ื ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ืืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉื”ืคืช ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ืื™ื ื ื›ืฉืจื™ื, ื•ืื—ื“ ืžื˜ืขืžื™ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœื™ ื’ื•ื™ื™ื, ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืกื™ื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืื›ื™ืœืช ืžืื›ืœื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื›ืฉืจื™ื. ืื•ืœื ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ื ื•ืขื“ื” ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ื”ืชื‘ื•ืœืœื•ืช, ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืืœื” ื—ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืฉื•ืžืจ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžืฆื•ื•ืช. ืืœื ืฉืžืฆื“ ืฉืžื™ืจืช ื”ื›ืฉืจื•ืช, ื™ืฉ ืื›ืŸ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ืžืืคื™ื ื•ื”ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœื™ื ืฉื”ื›ื™ืŸ ื›ืฉืจื™ื (ืขื™' ืœื”ืœืŸ ืœื—, ื˜). 7




^ 1.. ืืžื ื ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืžื–ื‘ื—ื™ ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื (ืฉืžื•ืช ืœื“, ื˜ื•) ื—ืœ ื‘ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ืขืœ ืื›ื™ืœื” ืžื–ื‘ื—ื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” (ื›"ื› ืจืžื‘"ืŸ, ืกืž"ื’ ื•ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืคืกื•ืง), ืื•ืœื ืœืžื“ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื—ืœ ื’ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื”, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืžืื›ืœื™ื ืฉื ื›ืฉืจื™ื (ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ื—, ื; ืจืžื‘"ื ืข"ื– ื˜, ื˜ื•; ืฉื•"ืข ืงื ื‘, ื). ื•ื›ืŸ ืœืžื“ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื (ืฉื—ื™ื˜ื” ื“, ื™ื-ื™ื‘) ืžืคืกื•ืง ื–ื” ืฉืฉื—ื™ื˜ืช ื’ื•ื™ ื’ื ื›ืฉื ืขืฉืชื” ื›ื”ืœื›ื” - ืคืกื•ืœื”. ื•ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื (ืชื•ื”"ื‘ ื”ืงืฆืจ ื’, ื–), ื•ืื•"ื” ื”ืืจื•ืš (ืžื’, ื) ืกืžื›ื• ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืคืช ื•ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœื™ ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืคืกื•ืง ื–ื”. ืจืื•ื™ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ, ืฉื‘ื’ื–ื™ืจืช ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœื™ ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื•ืฆื‘ ื’ื ืกื™ื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืื›ื™ืœืช ืžืื›ืœื™ื ืืกื•ืจื™ื ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ื ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช, ื—ื–ื™ืจ, ืฉืจืฆื™ื ื•ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื—ืœื‘ ืฉืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื˜ื‘ื—ื™ ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื (ืจืฉ"ื™ ืข"ื– ืœื—, ื).
^ 2.. ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ืฉืžืŸ ื‘ื’ืž' ืข"ื– ืœื•, ื, ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืฉืœื“ืขืช ืจื‘, ื“ื ื™ืืœ ื’ื–ืจ ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืœื ื™ืื›ืœื• ืฉืžืŸ ืฉืœ ื’ื•ื™ื™ื, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื“ื ื™ืืœ ื, ื—): "ื•ึทื™ึผึธืฉื‚ึถื ื“ึผึธื ึดื™ึผึตืืœ ืขึทืœ ืœึดื‘ึผื•ึน ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืœึนื ื™ึดืชึฐื’ึผึธืึทืœ ื‘ึผึฐืคึทืชึฐื‘ึผึทื’ ื”ึทืžึผึถืœึถืšึฐ ื•ึผื‘ึฐื™ึตื™ืŸ ืžึดืฉืึฐืชึผึธื™ื•". ื”ืจื™ ืฉื’ื–ื™ืจืชื• ื”ื™ืชื” ืขืœ ืคืช, ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืฉืžืŸ, ื•ื›"ื› ืจื™"ื“, ืจืื‘"ื“ ื•ืจื"ื” (ื•ื™ืฉ ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืจืง ืขืœ ื”ืฉืžืŸ ื’ื–ืจ, ืขื™' ืจืฉื‘"ื ื‘ืชื•ืก' ื•ืจื™ื˜ื‘"ื). ื•ืœื ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื“ื ื™ืืœ ื’ื–ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืš ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ื ืขืจ, ืืœื ืฉืœื“ืขืช ืจื‘, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืš ื ืืžืจ ื‘ืคืกื•ืง (ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื ืฉื™ ื›ื ืกืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื‘"ื‘ ื˜ื•, ื), ืžืฉืžืข ืฉืžืชื•ืš ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื•, ื›ืืฉืจ ื ืขืฉื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื“ื•ืจ, ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื™ื• ื’ื–ืจ ื›ืš ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื. ืžื ื’ื“, ืœื“ืขืช ืฉืžื•ืืœ, ื•ึทื™ึผึธืฉื‚ึถื ื“ึผึธื ึดื™ึผึตืืœ ืขึทืœ ืœึดื‘ึผื•ึน ืœื”ื™ื–ื”ืจ ื‘ื–ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื”ื•ืจื” ื›ืŸ ืœื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ื›ืืจื‘ืข ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ืฉืžืื™ ื•ื”ืœืœ ื’ื–ืจื• ืขืœ ื›ืš. ืจืื• ืœื”ืœืŸ ื‘ื”ืขืจื” 4.
^ 3.. ื—ื ื ื™ื” ื‘ืŸ ื—ื–ืงื™ื” ื”ื™ื” ืื—ื“ ืžื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื”ื“ื•ืจ, ื•ื”ื•ื ื•ืกื™ืขืชื• ื›ืชื‘ื• ืืช 'ืžื’ื™ืœืช ืชืขื ื™ืช', ืฉื‘ื” ื ืžื ื• ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืชืขื ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื, ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืžืกืžืš ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืื—ืจ ื—ืชื™ืžืช ื”ืชื "ืš. ืขืœื™ื• ืืžืจื•: "ื‘ืจื ื–ื›ื•ืจ ืื•ืชื• ื”ืื™ืฉ ืœื˜ื•ื‘, ื•ื—ื ื ื™ื” ื‘ืŸ ื—ื–ืงื™ื” ืฉืžื•, ืฉืืœืžืœื ื”ื•ื - ื ื’ื ื– ืกืคืจ ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ, ืฉื”ื™ื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืกื•ืชืจื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื”. ืžื” ืขืฉื”? ื”ืขืœื• ืœื• ืฉืœืฉ ืžืื•ืช ื’ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืžืŸ, ื•ื™ืฉื‘ ื‘ืขืœื™ื™ื”, ื•ื“ืจืฉืŸ". ืžืขืช ืœืขืช ื”ืชืืกืคื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืืฆืœื• ืœื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืœื›ืชื™ื™ื, ื•ืืฃ ืฉื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœืœ ื”ื™ื• ืžืจื•ื‘ื™ื, ืคืขื ืื—ืช ื›ืฉื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื• ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ื™ื, "ื ืžื ื• ื•ืจื‘ื• ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืžืื™ ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœืœ, ื•ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืขืฉืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื’ื–ืจื• ื‘ื• ื‘ื™ื•ื". ื•ื›ืš ื ื’ื–ืจื• ื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ื›ื“ืขืช ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืžืื™. (ืจืื• ืžืฉื ื” ื•ื’ืžืจื ืฉื‘ืช ื™ื’, ื‘).
ืืžืจื• ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ (ืฉื‘ืช ื, ื“): "ืื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืงืฉื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ื™ื•ื ืฉื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื• ื”ืขื’ืœ (ืžืคื ื™ ื”ืžืชื— ื”ื ื•ืจื ืฉื”ืชืขื•ืจืจ ื•ื›ืžืขื˜ ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืฉืคื™ื›ื•ืช ื“ืžื™ื)... ืชื ื ืจ' ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข... ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืžืื™ ืขืžื“ื• ืœื”ื ืžืœืžื˜ื” ื•ื”ื™ื• ื”ื•ืจื’ื™ื (ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื’ื•ื–ืžื) ื‘ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœืœ". ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื”ืœืœ ืจืฆื• ืœืฆืืช ื•ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ื”ืืกืคื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืขืžื™ื“ื” ืœืžื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ืชืชืงื‘ืœ ื”ื›ืจืขื” ื›ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืžืื™ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืจื•ื‘ ืžืงืจื™. ืื‘ืœ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ืฉืžืื™ "ื ืขืฆื• ื—ืจื‘ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ", ืœื‘ื˜ื ืืช ื—ื•ืžืจืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืฆื ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื, ื•ืžื•ื›ืจื—ื™ื ืœื”ื›ืจื™ืข. ื•ืจื‘ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืžืื™ ื•ื ื—ืชืžื• ื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื, ื•ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ื’ื–ืจื• ื’ื ืขืœ ื™ื™ืŸ, ืคืช ื•ืฉืžืŸ ืฉืœ ื’ื•ื™ื™ื (ืฉื‘ืช ื™ื–, ื-ื‘, ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ืคื”ืž"ืฉ, ืจืื‘"ืŸ, ื—ืช"ืก ืฉื. ื•ืขื™' ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืฉื‘ืช ื, ื“, ืฉื™ืฉ ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืžืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืคืช ื•ืฉืžืŸ ื ื’ื–ืจื• ื‘ื”ืกื›ืžื”). ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื’ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืืœื• ื ื—ืชืžื• ืžืชื•ืš ืžืชื— ืจื‘ ื•ื‘ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื ืคืฉ ื”ื•ืกื›ื ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœื‘ื˜ืœืŸ, ื•ืืฃ ื—ื›ืžื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœืœ ืœื ืขืจืขืจื• ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ. ืื•ืœื ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื•ืช, ืœืื—ืจ ื›ืžื” ื“ื•ืจื•ืช, ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ ื“ืจื›ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœืœ ื›ืจืกืžื• ื‘ื”ืŸ, ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื”ืœื›ื” ื”ื‘ืื”.
^ 4.. ื’ื–ื™ืจืช ื”ืฉืžืŸ ืœื ืคืฉื˜ื” ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื—ืžืช ื”ืงื•ืฉื™ ืœืงื™ื™ืžื”, ืฉื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื”ืฉืžืŸ ื ืฆืจืš ืžืื•ื“, ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื”ืฉื’ืชื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื›ืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื ืคืฉื•ืช, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืžืจื• ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ (ืฉื‘ืช ื, ื“): "ื”ื™ื• ืขื•ืœื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ืจ ื”ืžืœืš ื•ื ื”ืจื’ื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ื•". ืืžื ื ื”ื™ื• ืฉืงื™ื™ืžื• ืืช ื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ื‘ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช, ื•ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื‘ื‘ืœื™ (ืข"ื– ืœื•, ื), ืฉืจื‘ ืœื ืจืฆื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื’ื–ื™ืจืช ื”ืฉืžืŸ, ืฉื”ื™ืืš ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉื ื’ื–ืจื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื“ื ื™ืืœ (ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื”ืขืจื” 1), ื•ืกื‘ืจ ืฉืจ' ืฉืžืœืื™ ืœื ื›ื™ื‘ื“ ื›ืจืื•ื™ ืืช ื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ื•ื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืจ' ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื ืฉื™ืื” ืœื”ืชื™ืจื” (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืข"ื– ื‘, ื“; ืฉื‘ืช ื, ื“). ื•ืœื“ืขืช ืฉืžื•ืืœ, ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืฉืžืŸ ืœื ื ื’ื–ืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื“ื ื™ืืœ, ืืœื ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ืฉืžืื™ ื•ื”ืœืœ ืืกืจื•ื”ื• ืžื—ืฉืฉ ืฉื‘ืœืข ื˜ืขื ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืžืงื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื›ืจื™ื, ื•ืืฃ ืฉื”ื•ื ื˜ืขื ืคื’ื•ื, ืกื‘ืจื• ืฉื ื•ืชืŸ ื˜ืขื ืœืคื’ื ืืกื•ืจ. ืืžื ื ื‘ื™ืืจื• ื”ืชื•ืก' ('ื‘ืฉืœืžื'), ืฉื’ื ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืžืกื›ื™ื ืฉืจืื•ื™ ืœืคืจื•ืฉ ืžืฉืžืŸ ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืžืฉื•ื ื—ืชื ื•ืช (ื”ืชื‘ื•ืœืœื•ืช), ืื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืขืœ ื›ืš ื’ื–ืจื” ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืืœื ืจืง ืžื ื”ื’ ืฉืœ ื“ื ื™ืืœ. ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื—ืฉืฉ ื”ื—ืชื ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืžืŸ ื”ื•ื ื—ืฉืฉ ืจื—ื•ืง, ื—ื™ื–ืงื• ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืžืื™ ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœืœ ืืช ื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ื‘ื—ืฉืฉ ื˜ืขื ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืฉื ื‘ืœืข ื‘ืฉืžืŸ. ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื’ื ื—ืฉืฉ ื—ืชื ื•ืช ืขืžื“ ื‘ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื”, ื’ื–ื™ืจืช ืฉืžืŸ ื—ืœื” ื’ื ืขืœ ืฉืžืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืงื“ื™ืจื” ืฉืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื‘ื™ืฉืœื• ื‘ื” ืžืื›ืœ ืืกื•ืจ. ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื ืคืกืง ืœืžืขืฉื” ืฉื ื•ืชืŸ ื˜ืขื ืœืคื’ื ืžื•ืชืจ, ื‘ื˜ืœ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืฉื ื•ืขื“ ืœื‘ืกืก ืืช ื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื”. (ื•ืœืจืื‘"ื“ ื•ืœืจื™ื˜ื‘"ื ืฉื, ื›ืœ ื’ื–ื™ืจืช ืฉืžืŸ ืœืฉืžื•ืืœ ื”ื™ื ืจืง ืžืคื ื™ ืคืœื™ื˜ืช ื›ืœื™ื ื•ืœื ืžืฉื•ื ื—ืชื ื•ืช).
ื ื—ืœืงื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžืขืžื“ ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืขืฉืจื” ื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื•ืช. ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ืŸ ืžืขืžื“ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื”ืชืงื‘ืœื• ื‘ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื ืคืฉ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืจืง ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉืœื ืคืฉื˜ื” ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื ื ื”ื’ื• ื‘ื”, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ื˜ืœ. ืื‘ืœ ืฉืืจ ื’ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื’ื–ืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ื’ื ืื ืคืฉื˜ื• ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื—ื›ืžื” ื•ื‘ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ื˜ืœ (ืชื•ืก' 'ื•ื”ืชื ืŸ'). ื•ืœื“ืขืช ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ืžืขืžื“ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœืฉืžื•ื ื” ืขืฉืจื” ื’ื–ื™ืจื•ืช, ืืœื ื“ื™ื ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ืŸ ื’ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ื”ืŸ ื•ืคืฉื˜ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื’ื ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ื˜ืœืŸ. ื•ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืœื ืคืฉื˜ื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืจืง ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื—ื›ืžื” ื•ื‘ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ื˜ืœ, ืื‘ืœ ืื ืื™ื ื• ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ื˜ืœ. ื•ืื ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉื–ื• ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืื™ื ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœืงื™ื™ื, ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ืงื˜ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ื˜ืœ (ืจืื‘"ื“, ืจื"ื”, ืจื™ื˜ื‘"ื ื•ืจ"ืŸ). ื•ืœืจืžื‘"ื (ืžืžืจื™ื ื‘, ื‘-ื’), ืื ื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ื ืงื‘ืขื” ื›ืชืงื ืช ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื•ืคืฉื˜ื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ื˜ืœื”. ื•ืื ื ืงื‘ืขื” ื›ืกื™ื™ื’ ืœืื™ืกื•ืจ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืคืฉื˜ื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื›ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืขืฉืจื” ื’ื–ื™ืจื•ืช, ื’ื ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ื˜ืœืŸ. ื•ืื ืœื ืคืฉื˜ื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืืฃ ืื ื ื’ื–ืจื” ื›ืกื™ื™ื’ ืœืื™ืกื•ืจ ืชื•ืจื”, ื’ื ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ืงื˜ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ื˜ืœื”, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืฉืžืŸ.
^ 5.. ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ื”ื•ืขืœืชื” ืกื‘ืจื” ื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืข"ื– ืœื–, ื‘, ืฉืื™ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœื™ ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืžื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืžืกืงื ืช ื”ื’ืžืจื ืฉื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื. ื‘ื›ืœ ืื•ืคืŸ ืœืžื“ื ื• ืžื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืื™ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœื™ ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืชื•ืงืฃ ืจื‘ ื•ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” (ื›ืžื•ื‘ื ืœืขื™ืœ ื‘ื”ืขืจื” 1).
ืœื“ืขืช ืจืžื‘"ืŸ, ืจื"ื” ื•ืจ"ืŸ, ื’ื–ื™ืจืช ืคืช, ืฉืžืŸ ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ืงื“ืžื” ืœื’ื–ื™ืจืช ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœื™ ื’ื•ื™ื™ื, ืฉืชื—ื™ืœื” ื’ื–ืจื• ืขืœ ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืžืื›ืœื™ื ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉื ืื›ืœื™ื ืชื“ื™ืจ ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ ื ืคืฉ. ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ืชืงื ื” ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื• ื•ื’ื–ืจื• ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœื™ ื’ื•ื™ื™ื. ื•ืœืจ"ืช (ืชื•ืก' ืœื–, ื‘, 'ื•ื”ืฉืœืงื•ืช'), ืจื™"ื“ ื•ืชืจื•ืžื”, ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื’ื–ืจื• ืขืœ ื”ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœื™ื, ืฉื‘ื”ื ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืฉืฉ ืงึดืจื‘ื” ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื˜ืขืžืชื ื‘ื•ืœื˜ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื•ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ืฉืžืื™ ื•ื”ืœืœ ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื• ื•ื’ื–ืจื• ืขืœ ื”ืคืช ื”ืฉืžืŸ ื•ื”ื™ื™ืŸ, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ื” ืืช ื”ืžื—ื™ืฆื•ืช ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืชื‘ื•ืœืœื•ืช.
^ 6.. ื‘ื’ืžืจื ืข"ื– ืœื”, ื‘, ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืฉืื™ืกื•ืจ ืคืช ื’ื•ื™ื™ื "ืžืฉื•ื ื—ืชื ื•ืช". ื•ืฉื ืœื•, ื‘, ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื’ื–ื™ืจืช ืคืช ืฉืžืŸ ื•ื™ื™ืŸ: "ืจื‘ ืื—ื ื‘ืจ ืื“ื ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ืฆื—ืง: ื’ื–ืจื•... ืขืœ ืคื™ืชืŸ ื•ืฉืžื ืŸ ืžืฉื•ื ื™ื™ื ืŸ, ื•ืขืœ ื™ื™ื ืŸ ืžืฉื•ื ื‘ื ื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ, ื•ืขืœ ื‘ื ื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ ืžืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ" (ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื™ื–, ื‘). ื•ืื ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืจืง ืœืžื ื•ืข ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื”, ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื’ื–ืจื• ืขืœ ืคืช, ืฉืžืŸ, ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ืžืฉื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื”, ื•ืžื›ืš ืฉืงื‘ืขื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื”ื“ืจื’ื” ื‘ื’ื–ื™ืจื•ืช, ืฉื’ื–ืจื• ืขืœ ืคืช ื•ืฉืžืŸ ืžืฉื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื•ืขืœ ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื•ื ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ืขื ื‘ื ื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ, ื•ืขืœ ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ืžืฉื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื”, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืื™ื ื” ืœืžื ื•ืข ืงืฉืจ ืื™ืฉื•ืช ืืกื•ืจ ืื• ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ืฆืจ, ืืœื ืœืžื ื•ืข ื”ืชื‘ื•ืœืœื•ืช ืฉืชื’ืจื•ื ืœื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืขื–ื•ื‘ ืืช ืขืžื ื•ืืžื•ื ืชื. ื›ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ื–ื” ื›ืชื‘ื• ืจืžื‘"ื (ืžืื›"ื ื™ื–, ื˜; ืคื”ืž"ืฉ ืข"ื– ื‘, ื•), ืจืžื‘"ืŸ (ืข"ื– ืœื”, ื‘), ื—ืช"ืก (ืข"ื– ื ื”, ื), ื•ืขืœื™ ืชืžืจ (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืฉื‘ืช ื, ื“). ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœื™ื ื•ืคืช ืฉืœ ืžืžื–ืจ, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืืกื•ืจ ื‘ื—ื™ืชื•ืŸ, ื•ืžื ื’ื“ ืคืช ื•ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœื™ ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” - ืืกื•ืจื™ื, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืคืกืง ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžื•ืกืœืžื™ื (ืจื"ืฉ, ืคืจื™ ืชื•ืืจ ืงื™ื‘, ื’; ืคืž"ื’ ืงื™ื‘, ืฉืค"ื“ ื‘; ืื‘ื "ื– ื™ื•"ื“ ืฆื‘; ืจื‘ ืคืขืœื™ื ื™ื•"ื“ ื’, ื™; ื•ืฉืœื ื›ืชื•ืจื•ืช ืืžืช ืงื™ื‘, ื).
ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืคืช ื•ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœื™ ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ื—ืœ ื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ื—ืฉืฉ ืื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืœื’ื•ื™ (ื˜"ื– ื™ื•"ื“ ืงื ื‘, ื, ื›ื ื”"ื’, ืคืจ"ื— ืงื™ื‘, ื™ื, ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื“ ืœืจ"ื— ืคืœืื’'ื™. ื•ืžื”ืจื™ืง"ืฉ ื•ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืงื™ื‘, ื˜, ื”ืงื™ืœื• ื‘ืคืช ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ื—ืฉืฉ ืื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืฉืœ).
^ 7.. ืœื“ืขืช ื›ืœ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื•ื›"ื› ืจืฉ"ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื ื” ืœื”, ื‘, ื˜ืขื ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืคืช ื•ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœื™ ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืžืฉื•ื ื—ืชื ื•ืช. ืื•ืœื ืจืฉ"ื™ (ืข"ื– ืœื—, ื) ื•ืื•"ื–, ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื• ืขื•ื“ ื˜ืขื ืœืื™ืกื•ืจ, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืจื—ื™ืง ืžืื›ื™ืœืช ืžืื›ืœื™ื ืืกื•ืจื™ื ืฉืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ืืฆืœ ื’ื•ื™ื™ื. ืœืคื™ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืฉืจืฆื• ืœืืกื•ืจ ืคืช ื•ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืžื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืžื ื™ืื›ื™ืœื•ื ืื™ืกื•ืจ. ื•ื‘ื™ืกืกื• ืืช ืื™ืกื•ืจื ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืœืžื“ื• ืžื”ืจ"ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืžื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ ืœื”ืชื—ืชืŸ ืขื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืžื•ืžืจ, ืฉืžื ื™ืกื™ืจ ืื•ืชื• ืžื“ืจื›ื™ ื”', ื•ื›"ื› ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื™ืขืœื” ื™ื•"ื“ ืœื; ืจืฉ"ืง ื˜ื•ื˜ื•"ื“ ืชื™ืœืชืื” ื‘, ื˜ื–; ื•ืขื™' ื™ื‘ื™"ื ื—"ื” ื™ื•"ื“ ื™. ืื•ืœื ื“ืขืช ืจื•ื‘ ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื—ืชื ื•ืช ืขื ืžื•ืžืจื™ื, ื•ื›"ื› ื‘ื—ืช"ืก ื—"ื‘ ืงื›; ื—"ื• ืคื’; ืขืจืš ื”ืฉืœื—ืŸ ืงื™ื‘, ื‘; ืžื”ืจืฉ"ื’ ื‘, ืžื˜. ื•ื›"ื› ื‘ืชืคืืจืช ืœืžืฉื” ืงื™ื’, ื˜, ื•ืคืช"ืฉ ืงื™ื‘, ื, ืฉื”ืขื™ืงืจ ืœื”ืœื›ื” ืฉืื™ืกื•ืจ ืคืช ื•ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœื™ ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืžืฉื•ื ื—ืชื ื•ืช, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืคืช ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืžื•ืžืจ. ื•ื›"ื› ื‘ืฆื™"ื ื˜, ืžื.
ืจืื•ื™ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ, ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืื•ืกืจื™ื ื—ืชื•ื ื” ืขื ืžื•ืžืจ ื ืืžืจื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ืืฉื›ื ื– ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžืื” ื•ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื”, ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืฉืžื™ ืฉืขื–ื‘ ืืช ื”ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื—ื™ืงื” ื•ืœื ื™ื™ื˜ืžืข ื‘ืขืžื™ื ื”ื™ื” ื ืžื•ืš, ืขื“ ืฉื”ืกื‘ืจื” ืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืŸ ืขื ืžื•ืžืจ ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื—ื™ืชื•ืŸ ืขื ื’ื•ื™ ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื•ื‘ื ืช. ืื•ืœื ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ืืจืฅ, ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื—ื™ืœื•ื ื™ื™ื ืœื”ืชืงืจื‘ ืœืžืกื•ืจืช ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื”, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ื—ืฉืฉ ื”ื”ืชื‘ื•ืœืœื•ืช ืžื—ืžืช ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ืขื ื—ื™ืœื•ื ื™ ืคื•ื—ืช.
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ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
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