ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ื”ืœื›ื” ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื•ืžื•ืกืจ
  • ื“ืจื›ื™ ืœื™ืžื•ื“
  • ื”ื“ืจื›ื•ืช ื›ืœืœื™ื•ืช
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
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17 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”

ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืœืขื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืฉืžืช

ื—ื ื” ื‘ืช ื—ื™ื™ื





ืกื“ืจ ื™ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื‘ืŸ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
"ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจืืฉื™ืช ื”ืฉืชื“ืœื•ืชื• ืœื”ืงื™ืฃ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื. ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืจื™"ืฃ ื›ืคืฉื•ื˜ืŸ, ื‘ื‘ืงื™ืื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ื ื”. (ืชื•ืกืคืช ื”ืžืขืชื™ืง: ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืจ"ื, ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘"ืžืขืฉื” ืจื‘" ืคืกืงื ืก). ื•ื–ื” ื ืงืœ ืžืื“ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืข"ื™ ืงื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืžืชื•ื ื” ื•ื›ื•' ื•ื›ื•'. ื•ื›ืฉื™ืœืš ื‘ื“ืจืš ื–ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืชืžื™ื“, ื™ื—ื‘ืจ ืขื ื–ื” ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘. ืœื”ืงืคื” ื›ืœืœื™ืช ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื›ืชื‘ (ื›ืœ ื”ืžืงืจื ื›ื•ืœื•) ื•ื–ืžื ื™ื ื”ื’ื•ื ื™ื ืžื“ื™ ื™ื•ื ื‘ื™ื•ืžื• ืœืงื ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื’. ื”ืื’ื“ื•ืช (ืฉื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“), ื“. ื”ืžื“ืจืฉื™ื, ื”. ืกืคืจื™ ื”ืžื•ืกืจ, ื•. ื”ืžื—ืงืจ (ืชื•ืกืคืช ื”ืžืขืชื™ืง: ืžื•ืจื” ื ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื, ืืžื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ื•ืขื•ื“) ื–. ื•ื”ืงื‘ืœื”, ื‘ืฉืžื™ืจืช ื”ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื•ืจื™ื•ื•ื— ื–ืžืŸ ื—. ืœืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช, ืœื”ืจื—ื‘ืช (ื”)ื”ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืงื‘ื•ืข ื˜. ืœืชืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ื’ืจืกื, ืžื“ื™ ื™ื•ื ื‘ื™ื•ืžื• ื•ื–ืžื ื™ื ืžืคื•ื–ืจื™ื (ืžืฉืš ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข) ืœื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื™. ืขื•ืžืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ืœื›ื” ื‘ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ื™"ื. ื•ืคืœืคื•ืœ ื‘ืขื ื™ื ื™ื ืžืคื•ื–ืจื™ื (ืชื•ืกืคืช ื”ืžืขืชื™ืง: ืขืœ ื™ื—ืก ื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ื’ื™ืจืกื, ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืคืœืคื•ืœ, ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืืจื™ื–"ืœ, "ืฉืขืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช", ืคืจืฉืช ื•ืืชื—ื ืŸ, ืขืž' ืขื˜. ื•ื›ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืจ"ื ืขืœ ืžืฉืœื™ (ื•, ื—)) ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ื“ืขืช ื•ืœื”ืชืขืžืง ื‘ืขื™ื•ืŸ, ืฉื”ื•ื ื ืฆืจืš ืžืื“ ืœื›ืœ ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืชื•ืจื”. ื•ื›ื•' ื•ื›ื•' ืžืžื™ืœื ืชื•ื•ืœื“ ื‘ืงืจื‘ื• ื”ืชืฉื•ืงื” ืœื“ืขืช ื”ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืขืœ ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ืŸ, ื•ื™ืจื‘ื” ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ื‘ืœื™ ื™"ื‘. ื•ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™, ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืชื•ืช ื•ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–"ืœ, ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื›ืจื” ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ื‘ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ืช ื”ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ. ื•ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืขืกืง ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืชืžื™ื“ ืงื‘ื•ืข ื‘ื’ื™ืจืกื ืฉืœ ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื”ืœื›ื•ืช, ื•ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื›ื•'. ื•ื›ืฉื™ืœืš ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ื–ื”, ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืงื‘ื•ืข ืœื• ื–ืžื ื™ื ื’ื ื›ืŸ ืœืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื”ื—ื›ืžื•ืช (ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื•ืช) ื•ื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืœืื“ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื”ืžืจื—ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืืช ื—ื•ื’ ื“ืขืชื• ื•ื ื•ืชื ื•ืช ืœื• ืื•ืžืฅ ืœืฆืจื›ื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ื•ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช, ื•ืžื•ืฆื ื—ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื•ืื“ื". ("ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”", ืคืจืง ื˜, ืกื•ืฃ ืคืกืงื ื’)

ื‘ืงื™ืื•ืช
ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืงื™ ื‘ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืื—ื“ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืžืืฉืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช "ืžื›ื™ืจ" ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืงืฆื•ืขื•ืช.
"ื›ื™ ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืชื‘ื•ื ืžืจื‘ื•ื™ ื”ื‘ืงื™ืื™ื ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืžืขืœื”, ื•ืœื ืžืžื™ ืฉืกื•ืคื’ ื”ื›ืœ ืจืง ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉื˜ื—ื™". ("ืขื™ืŸ ืื™ื”", ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช, ืคืจืง ืฉืฉื™, ืคืกืงื ื›ื”)

ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ื• ื‘ืฉื ื”ื’ืจ"ื— ื•ืœื•ื–'ื™ืŸ:
"ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืงื™ ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ืื—ืช ื”ื™ื˜ื‘, ืžื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืœื ื›ื•ื•ื ื”" ("ื›ืชืจ ืจืืฉ" (ื‘ืกื™ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื’ืจ"ื) ืคืกืงื ื "ื”).

ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืื“ื ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืžื™ืฆืจ ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืจื•ืื” ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืงื™ืฃ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ืืขืค"ื› ืขืœื™ื• ืœืฉื ืŸ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื• ื‘ืžื ื•ื—ืช ื ืคืฉ ื•ืฉืœื•ื•ื”, ื›ื™ "ืœื ืขืœื™ืš ื”ืžืœืื›ื” ืœื’ืžื•ืจ" (ืื‘ื•ืช, ื‘). ื•ื›ืš ืœืฉื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจืื™"ื”:
"ืืžื ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืื“ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืชื• ื”ื›ืœืœ ื”ื ืฉื’ื‘ 'ืœื ืขืœื™ืš ื”ืžืœืื›ื” ืœื’ืžื•ืจ, ื•ืœื ืืชื” ื‘ืŸ ื—ื•ืจื™ืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ืœ ืžืžื ื”'. ื•ืื ื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืฆื•ืจืš ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฆื™ื•ืจ ื”ื”ืชื—ื–ืงื•ืช ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืงืคืช ื›ืœืœ ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืชื™ื”. ืื›ืŸ ื–ื” ืžืฉืžืฉ (ืœืชืŸ) (ืœืชืช) ืžื ื•ื—ื” ืœืœื‘ ืœืžืขืŸ ื™ืขืกื•ืง ื‘ื›ืœ ืขื ื™ืŸ ื•ืขื ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ื— ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื•ืฉื•ืงื˜, ืฉืœื ื™ื˜ืจื™ื“ื”ื• ืขื ื™ืŸ ืื—ืจ, ืื• ื“ืื’ื” ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื’ืžืจ ื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™ืช. ื•ื›ื•'. ืื‘ืœ ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืกืœื•ืœ ืœืขืฆืžื• ื“ืจืš ื–ื• ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ื”ื”ืงืคื” ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช (ื”ืขืจืช ื”ืžืขืชื™ืง: ืœื”ืงื™ืฃ ื™ื“ื™ืขืช ื›ืœ ืกืคืจื™ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ืฉืœื ื•) ืžื•ืฉืงืคืช ืœื•. ื•ื›ื•' ื•ื›ื•'. ืžื” ืฉืžื•ืจื’ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืงืฅ ืœืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืขื ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืžืขืฉื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”, ื”ื•ื ื ืืžืจ ืจืง ืข"ืค ืชื ืื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืืžืช ืืคืฉืจ ืœื• ืœืื“ื, ื›ืฉื™ืœืš ื‘ื“ืจืš ื™ืฉืจื”, ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ื”ืงืคื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ืžื›ืœ ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืžืขืฉื™ ืฉื‘ืชื•ืจื”". (ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืคืจืง ื˜, ืคืกืงื ื’')

ื•ื‘ืืžืช ื›ืš ื”ื“ืจื™ืš ื‘ืฉื•"ืข ื”ืจื‘ ืจืฉ"ื– ืžืœืื“ื™:
"ื›ื™ ื‘ืืžืช ื”ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื”ื ื’ืœื•ืช ืœื ื• ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืŸ ืงืฅ ื•ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื•ืžืกืคืจ. ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืžื“ืจืฉื™ื ืฉื ืชื’ืœื• ืœื ื•" (ื”ืœ' ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื”, ืค"ื ื”"ื”. ื•ืข"ืข ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื‘ืคืจืง ืฉื ื™, ื”"ื— ื•ื”"ื˜).

ื”ืจืื™"ื” ืฉื™ื‘ื— ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื›ืœ ื”ืจื™"ืฃ (ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืคืจืง ื˜ ืคืกืงืื•ืช ื’, ื™ื’)

ืขืœ ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื”ืงื“ื™ื ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ื‘ืงื™ืื•ืช, ืœืฉืžื•ืข ื”ืจื‘ื” ื•ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื™ื“ื™ืขื”, ื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืœื›ืš ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ื• ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืœื•ืžื“ ืขื“ ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื• ื™ืคื” ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ("ืืœ ื™ืฆื ืœืจื™ื‘ ืžื”ืจ"), ื•ืจืง ืื—"ื› ื™ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ ืขืฆืžื•, ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจื‘ ื‘"ืขื™ืŸ ืื™ื”",, ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืคืจืง ื˜ ืคืกืงื ืฉืžื’). ื›ื™ ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืœื—ืžืชื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื” "ื–ื” ื‘ื•ื ื” ื•ื–ื” ืกื•ืชืจ, ื”ื•ื ืจืง ืื ื”ื•ื ื›ื“ืื™ ื•ื”ื’ื•ืŸ ืœื›ืš" (ืฉื).

ื”ื‘ืงื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืื” ืœื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช. ืื‘ืœ ื”ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ืœืฉืœื•ืœ ืืช ื”ื˜ืขื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืชื™ื™ืœื“ื•ืช. ื•ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฉื ื™ ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช (ืฉื, ืคืกืงื ืฉื ื).

ื—ื–ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“
ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื”ืจื‘ ืืœ ืื—ื™ื•:
"ืืฃ ื›ื™ ืžืื“ ื ื‘ื”ืœืชื™ ืžืžื” ืฉืจืื™ืชื™ ืฉื”ื ืš ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืจืง ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื ืขืœ ืชืœืžื•ื“ืš. ื“ืข ืœืš ืื—ื™ ื™ืงื™ืจื™ ื›ื™ ื”ื ื ื™ ื”ื™ื•ื“ืข ื•ืขื“, ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ, ื›ื™ ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ื›ืœืœ ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืฉืœ ื’' ืคืขืžื™ื. ื•ืื‘ืงืฉืš ืžืื“ ืžืื“ ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืœ ืขืฆืžืš ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืคื—ื•ืช ืขืฉืจ ืคืขืžื™ื ื›ืœ ืคืจืง ืงื•ื“ื ืฉืชืชื—ื™ืœ ืคืจืง ืื—ืจ". ("ืื’ืจื•ืช" ื—"ื ื“ืฃ ื˜)

ื•ืขื•ื“ ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ:
"ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื™ืคื” ืขืœ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ืš, ื›ื™ ื–ื”ื• ืขื™ืงืจ ืคืจื™ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“" (ืฉื, ื“ืฃ ื™).
"ื•ื›ืœ ืขื™ืงืจ ื—ื•ืœื™ ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื–ื”, ืฉื”ื ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื ืชื™ื™ืฉื ื• ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื•ืœื”ืฉื›ื™ืœื ื™ืคื”, ื•ื”ื ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืืคืก ื™ืฉืŸ. ื•ืœื ื™ื™ืžืฆื ืœื”ื ื‘ืฉื•ื ืื•ืคืŸ, ื›ื™ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืœื ื™ื‘ื•ืกืก ื›ื™ ืื ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฆื ืžืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื™ืฉืŸ". ("ืื’ืจื•ืช", ื—"ื ืขืž' ื›ื—)

ื’ื™ืจืกื ืจื”ื•ื˜ื” ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“
ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ืฆื‘ื™ ื ืจื™ื” ืžื•ืกืจ:
"ื•ืœื ืคืขื ื”ื™ื” ื”ืจื‘ ืžื–ืจื– ืืช ืžืงื•ืจื‘ื™ื• ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืขืœ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื ื’ื ื›ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ืืคืฉืจื•ืชื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™. ื•ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืžืจ: 'ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื’ืžืจื', ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืฉื˜ืฃ" ("ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืจืื™"ื”", ืขืž' ืจืžื).

ื•ื›ืš ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจื‘ ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ:
"ืจื™ื”ื˜ื ื”ื™ื ืžื™ืŸ ื’ื™ืจืกื ื‘ืžืจื•ืฆื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ื‘ืจืคืจื•ืฃ ืขืœ ื”ืขื ื™ื ื™ื, ื›ืžื” ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืงืœื•ื˜" ("ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ", ื—"ื ืขืž' ืขื“). ื•ื "ืœ ืžืงื•ืจ ืœื–ื” ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ื ื“ื” (ื ื’ ืข"ื‘) "ืื’ื‘ ืฉื™ื˜ืคืš" ืคื™ืจืฉ ืจืฉ"ื™: "ืจื™ื”ื˜ื". ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื‘ืžืขื™ืœื” (ื› ืข"ื) "ืจื”ื™ื˜ ื•ืชื ื™".

ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ืจื‘ ื”ื™ื” ืจืืฉ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื‘"ืžืจื›ื–", ื”ื™ื” ืœื•ืžื“ ืขื ืื—ื“ ื”ืื‘ืจื›ื™ื ื•ื’ื•ืžืจ ื›ืœ ื”ืฉ"ืก ื‘ืฉื ื” ืื—ืช. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืžื“ื• ื™ื—ื“ ืฉื‘ืขื” ื“ืคื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ("ืฉื‘ื—ื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื”", ืขืž' ืจืขื”).

ื”ืชืžื“ื” ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“, ืœืœื ื”ืคืกืงื•ืช
ืจืฆื™"ื” ืžืกืคืจ ื›ื™ ืœื ื ื—ื” ื“ืขืช ืื‘ื™ื• ื”ืจืื™"ื” ืžืžื” ืฉืžืคืกื™ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื•ืžืจ ืคืจืงื™ ืชื”ืœื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื™ื–ื” ื—ื•ืœื” (ืืคื™ืœื• ื—ื•ืœื” ืฉื ืžืฆื ื‘ืกื›ื ื”). ื–ื• ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืจืฆื™"ื”:
"ื•ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืกื›ื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ื ืื•ืคืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ืชื”ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ืกื“ืจื™ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ืขื“ ื—ื•ืœื”, ื›ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžื–ื“ืžื ื™ื ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ื›ืืœื”. ื•ืกื™ืคืจ ื›ื™ ื‘(ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช) ื•ืœื•ื–'ื™ืŸ ืœื ื”ืกื›ื™ื ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ื ืฆื™"ื‘ ื–"ืœ ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืœื–ืžืŸ ืงืฆืจ ืืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืžืจ ืชื”ืœื™ื ื‘ืชืคืœื” ืœืจืคื•ืืช ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ืช (ืืฉืช ื”ื ืฆื™"ื‘) ื›ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืžืกื•ื›ื ืช ื•ืžื•ื˜ืœืช ืœืจืคื•ื™ ื‘ื ืชื•ื—. ื•ืืš ื ืขื ื” ืœื”ืคืฆืจืช ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืกื›ื™ื ืœื”ื ืœืžืฉืš ื—ืžืฉื” ืจื’ืขื™ื. ื•ื”ืฉื’ื™ื— ืฉื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคืกืงื” ื–ื• ืœื ื™ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื”ืจื’ืขื™ื ื”ืืœื”" (ื”ื•ืกืคืช ื”ืžืขืชื™ืง: ื›ื ืจืื” ืขืœ ืคื™ ืžืืžืจ ื—ื–"ืœ ื‘ื‘ื‘ื ืžืฆื™ืขื ืœื’ ืข"ื ื›ื™ ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื™ื ื‘ืคื—ื•ืช ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืžืืฉืจ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ ืคื”). (ืœืฉืœืฉื” ื‘ืืœื•ืœ, ื—"ื ืคืกืงื ืคื”)

ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืœื ื ื—ื” ื“ืขืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจืื™"ื” ืžืื•ืชื ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉื”ืคืกื™ืงื• ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืกื“ืจื™ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ื”ืคื’ื ื” ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช ื ื’ื“ ืฉืœื˜ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื ื“ื˜ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ (ื›ืš ื”ืขื™ื“ ืœื™ ื”ืจื‘ ื–. ืจื™ื’ืจ, ืžื‘ืื™ ื‘ื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจืื™"ื”). ื•ืฉืžื ื™ืฉ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืกืžืš ืœื–ื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจืื™"ื” ื”ื ืฆื™"ื‘, ื”ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื‘ืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืžืœื™ืžื•ื“ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืฆืจื›ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ ("ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ื ืฆื™"ื‘" ืขืœ ื”ืžื›ื™ืœืชื, ื™ืชืจื• ืคืกืงื ื‘' ื“ืฃ ืงืขื; ื•ื‘ืงืฆืจื” ื‘"ืจื ื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื”" ืขืœ ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื’, ื’).

ืžืขืฉื” ื•ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ื ืคืขื ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ื•ืžืฆื ืฉื›ืžืขื˜ ื ืชืจื•ืงืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ืœื›ื• ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืžื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื”ื ื•ืืžื™ื ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืขื™ืจ. ื”ืงืคื™ื“ ื”ืจื‘ ืขืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”"ืกื“ืจ" ื•ืืฃ ืจืฆื” ืœื”ื˜ื™ืœ ืขืœ ืื•ืชื ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืงื ืกื•ืช. ("ืฉื‘ื—ื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื”", ืขืž' ืงืขื—)

ืคืขื ืกืคืจื• ืœืจืื™"ื” ื›ื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ืฉื‘ื›ืคืจ ืื—ื“ (ื‘ื"ื™) ืงื‘ืขื• ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืฉืขื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ื’ืžืจื. ื”ื’ื™ื‘ ื”ืจื‘: "ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื•ืœื•ื–'ื™ืŸ, ืžื™ ืฉืœืžื“ (ืจืง) ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืฉืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ื’ืžืจื ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ ื—ืœืฉ". ื•ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ื‘ื›ื” (ืขืœ ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื“ื•ืจ). ("ืฉื‘ื—ื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื”", ืขืž' ืจืก-ืจืกื)

ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืืชื›ื:


>> ืื™ืš ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื’ืžืจื ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”? - ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘
>> ื”ืกื’ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื
>> ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื™ื•ืžื™ ืฉืœ ืืชืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” - ื’ืžืจื, ืจืžื‘"ื, ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ืขื•ื“.

ื”ืคืœืคื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชืœืžื•ื“
ื”ืขื™ื“ ืจืฆื™"ื” ืขืœ ืืจื—ื•ืช ืื‘ื™ื• ื”ืจืื™"ื”:
"ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื•ื›ื•' ื‘ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ื”ืฉืงื™ื“ื” ื•ื”ืขืžืงืช ื”ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื•ื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื‘ืฉ"ืก ื•ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืขื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ืœื ื”ืกื›ื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ื ืื•ืคืŸ ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ื•ื™ื›ื•ื—ื™ื ื•ืคืœืคื•ืœื™ื ืžืกืชืขืคื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ืกื“ืจ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”. ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ืฉืชื“ืœื• ืœืคื ื™ื•, ื”ืชื™ืจ ื‘ืงื•ืฉื™ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ื–ื” ืจื‘ืข ืฉืขื”". (ืœืฉืœืฉื” ื‘ืืœื•ืœ, ื—"ื ืคืกืงื ืคื”)

ื•ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืจืฆื™"ื” ืฉื”ืจืื™"ื” ืกื™ืคืจ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื• ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ืขื ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืจ' ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ ืžื“ื™ื ืื‘ื•ืจื’, ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื•ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ, ื•ืขื ื” ืœื• ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ (ืข"ืค ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื— ืข"ื) 'ืื™ ื“ื™ื™ืงื™ื ืŸ ื›ื•ืœื ื”ืื™, ืœื ื”ื•ื™ ืชื ื™ื ืŸ' (ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืื ืžื“ืงื“ืง ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื, ืœื ื ืกืคื™ืง ืœืœืžื•ื“). ื•ืืžืจ (ื”ืจืื™"ื”) ื›ื™ ืข"ืค ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื–ื• ื ืงื‘ืข ืœื• ืื– ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื ืขื•ืจื™ื• ืœืงื• ื•ืœืžืฉืงื•ืœืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื•ืžื“ื” ืœื’ื“ืจ ื”ืขืžืงืช ื”ื”ื‘ื ื”". (ืœืฉืœืฉื” ื‘ืืœื•ืœ, ื—"ื ืคืกืงื ืคื•)

ืขื•ื“ ื›ืชื‘: "ืฉืœื ืœื”ืชื’ื“ืจ ื‘ืคืœืคื•ืœื™ื, ื›ื™ ืื ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืขืจื›ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจืชื ืฉืœ ืกืคืจื™ ื”ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื" (ืื’ืจื•ืช ื—"ื ืขืž' ืฉืœื–) ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ืกืคืจ "ืฉื‘ ืฉืžืขืชืชื", ืกืคืจ ื”ื›ืจื™ืชื•ืช, ืžืœื•ื ื”ืจื•ืขื™ื ื•ืขื•ื“.

ืžืชื•ืš ืžื” ืฉื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื‘ื‘ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืกื“ืจื ื•ืช, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื”ืงื™ืฃ ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ื ื›ืชื‘ ืขืœ ื ื•ืฉื ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื ื•ืœืกื“ืจ ืื•ืชื• ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืœื›ืœ ื”ื‘ื ืœืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื•, ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจื‘ ืžืืžืจ ืขื™ื“ื•ื“ ื‘"ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื”" ื‘ืฉื "ืชื—ื™ื™ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ" (ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘"ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื”", ืขืž' 49-51. ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืงื•ืฆืจ ืžืžื” ืฉืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืฉื ื”ืจื‘ ื‘"ืื–ื›ืจื”", ื”ื•"ืœ ืจื™"ืœ ืžื™ื™ืžื•ืŸ, ืžื•ืกื“ ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง, ืขืž' ืงื ื’-ืงื ื–). ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื•ืžื“ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืœื” ืฉื”ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื›ื— ื”ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ, ื•ืžื•ืœื ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขืœื™ "ืžืœืื›ื”" ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืืกื•ืฃ, ืœืกื“ืจ ื•ืœืขืจื•ืš. ื”ืจื‘ ืฉื™ื‘ื— ืื•ืชื ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืขืกืงื• ื’ื "ื‘ืžืœืื›ื”" ื”ื "ืœ, ื”ื ื”ืจื™"ืฃ ืจืžื‘"ื ืกืž"ื’ ืจืฉื‘"ื ืจื"ืฉ ื•ื˜ื•ืจ ื•ืฉื•"ืข. ื•ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ืœื•ืžืจ:
"ื•ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ืœื›ื• ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื•ื ืชืจื—ืงื• ืžืžืงื•ืจ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื ืชืžืขื˜ ื™ืกื•ื“ "ื”ืžืœืื›ื”" ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื” ื”ืกืคืจื•ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื ืฉืืจื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจืชื ื• ืขืœ ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื—ื›ืžื” (ื›ื— ื”ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ) ืœื‘ื“ื”. ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื•ื”ื“ืœื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœื ื• ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ื•ืœื—ืฉื•ืฉ ื›ื™ 'ื›ืœ ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืขืžื” ืžืœืื›ื” ืกื•ืคื” ื‘ื˜ืœื” ื•ื’ื•ืจืจืช ืขื•ืŸ' (ืื‘ื•ืช, ื‘), ื’ื ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™". ("ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื”", ืขืž' 50)

ื“ื•ื’ืžื ืœืกื“ืจื ื•ืช ื™ืคื” ื–ื• ื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื”ืจื‘ ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื‘ืื’ืจื•ืชื™ื• (ื—"ื‘ ืขืž' ืงืค-ืงืคื‘, ืขื™ื™"ืฉ).

"ื•ื”ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืื™ื ื›ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื•ืœืคืœืคืœ, ื›ื™ ืื ืœื”ืื™ืจ ื•ืœื‘ืจืจ ืืช ื”ืคืฉื˜ ื•ื”ื›ืœืœื•ืช". ("ืื’ืจื•ืช", ื—"ื ืขืž' ืฉืœื–)

ืืžื ื ื”ืจื‘ ื”ื™ื” ืžืคืœืคืœ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืขื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืคืœืคื•ืœ ืฉื‘ืื• ืืœื™ื•. ืื‘ืœ ืื—"ื› ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœืฆืœืžื™ื“ื™ื• ืžืขืฉื”ื• ื–ื”:
"ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืœื• ื ื—ืช ืจื•ื—. ืืš ืœื ื–ื• ื”ื“ืจืš, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžืงืจื ื™ื•ืฆื ืžื™ื“ื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•". ("ืฉื‘ื—ื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื”", ืขืž' ืงืคื)

ืœื”ืชืจื—ืง ืžืœืกื‘ื•ืจ ืกื‘ืจื•ืช ืขืฆืžืื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื‘ื ืช ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืชืœืžื•ื“, ืืœื ืื ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืื—ื™ื–ื” ืœืกื‘ืจื•ืช ืืœื• ื‘ืœืฉื•ื ื ืฉืœ ื—ื–"ืœ
ื”ืจืื™"ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืฉืคืข ืžืื“ ืžื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ื ืฆื™"ื‘ (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืžืืžืจ ื”ืจื‘ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘"ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื”", ืขืž' 123). ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ืฆื‘ื™ ื ืจื™ื” ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ืœื•ืžื“ ืืฆืœ ื”ืจืื™"ื” ืฉืืœ ืื•ืชื• ืขืœ ื˜ื™ื‘ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื• ืืฆืœ ื”ื’ืจ"ื— ืกื•ืœื•ื‘ื™ื™ืฆื™ืง (ื‘ืจื™ืกืง), ืฉื”ืจื™ ื’ื ื”ื•ื ื ืชืŸ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื•ืœื•ื–'ื™ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉื”ืจื‘ ื”ื™ื” ืฉื. ืขื ื” ื”ืจืื™"ื”:
"ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื ื›ื ืก ืืœ ืจ' ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื ื•ืฉื ื•ื ื•ืชืŸ ืขืžื• ื‘ื”ืœื›ื”, ื’ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœื• ื•ื’ื ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ. ืื•ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื•ืฉืคืข ืžื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืจ' ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ (ืจื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื“ื•ื•ื™ื ืกืง, ืžื—ื‘ืจ "ืจืืฉ ืœืจืื•ื‘ื ื™") ืฉืืžืจ ืœื™: 'ื›ืœ ืกื‘ืจื ืฉื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื“ื”. ื”ื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช (ื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื•ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื) ืื• ื›ืžืขื˜ ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช". ("ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืจืื™"ื”", ืขืž' ืขื)

ื”ืจื‘ ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืฉื”ื‘ื ืœื™ื™ืฉื‘ ืกืชื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืžืงืจืื•ืช, ืื™ืŸ ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ืขืœ ืคื™ ืกื‘ืจื•ืช, ื‘ืœื™ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืกืžื›ืชืื•ืช ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื ืขืฆืžื ("ืขื•ืœืช ื”ืจืื™"ื”", ื—"ื ืขืž' ืงืคื“).

ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืกื•ื’ื™ื”?
ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืื™"ื” ืœื‘ื ื•:
"ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืชืฉื™ื ืืœ ืœื‘ืš ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื ืœืžื“ืช ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ืจืื•ื™. ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืขืœ ืคื™ ืจืฉ"ื™ ื•ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช. ื•ืื—"ื› ื‘ื”ืจื"ืฉ ื•ื”ืจื™"ืฃ ื•ืžืคืจืฉื™ื•. ืื—"ื› ืœืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื‘ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ืžืคืจืฉื™ื• ื•ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš ื•ืžืคืจืฉื™ื•. ื•ื‘ืขืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืขื ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื, ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืืช ื—ื™ืœื•ืงื™ ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื•ืขื ืคื™ื”ื ื”ืจืืฉื™ื™ื. ื•ืžื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ืื ืชืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ื‘ื™ืื•ืจื™ ื”ื’ืจ"ื (ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•"ืข) ื‘ืืœื” ื”ืขื ื™ื ื™ื. ื•ืžื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื”ื™ ืื ืชืชืจื’ืœ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื‘ ืืช ืชืžืฆื™ืช ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ื•ื—ื™ืœื•ืงื™ ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืชื™ื”, ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืœื ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ" (ืžืฆื“ืš). ("ืื’ืจื•ืช", ื—ืœืง ืจื‘ื™ืขื™, ื˜"ื• ื˜ื‘ืช, ืชืจ"ืค)

ืจืžื‘"ื, ืงื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืกืคืจื•
ื”ืจืื™"ื” ืจืื” ืขืจืš ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืงื‘ื•ืข ื™ื•ื ื‘ื™ื•ืžื• ื‘ืกืคืจ "ื™ื“ ื”ื—ื–ืงื”" ืœืจืžื‘"ื. ื›ืš ื”ื“ืจื™ืš:
"ื›ืžื“ื•ืžื” ืฉืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ืชืจื’ืœ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ื—ื–ืจืช ืจืžื‘"ื ื›ืกื“ืจ, ืคืจืง ืื• ืคืจืงื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื, ื›ืคื™ ื”ืืคืฉืจ, ืคืขื ื‘ืœื ื ื•ืฉืื™ ื›ืœื™ื ("ืžืคืจืฉื™ื") ื•ืคืขื ืขื ื ื•ืฉืื™ ื›ืœื™ื ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื. ืื‘ืœ ื”ืขื™ืงืจ (ื”ื•ื) ื”ื—ื–ืจื” ื”ื”ื™ืงืคื™ืช, ืฉื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ื›ืžื“ื•ืžื ื™ ืฉืขืชื™ื“ ืกืคืจ ื”"ื™ื“" ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืขื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ืขืœ ืคื™ ืกื“ืจื™ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืฉื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ื™ื—ื•ื“ืฉื•". ("ืื’ืจื•ืช", ื—"ื ืขืž' ืงื ื”, ื•ืข"ืข "ื’ื ื–ื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื”", ืชื•ืจื”, ื“ืฃ 25)

ืžื” ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ "ื”ืžืขื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™"? ื "ืœ ื›ื™ ื™ืœืžื“ื• ื‘ืกืคืจื• ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืงื‘ื•ืขื•ืช, ืคืจืง ืื—ืจ ืคืจืง, ื•ืจืง ืžืฉื ื™ื—ื–ืจื• ืœืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“. ื•ื–ื” ืžืขื™ืŸ ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื” ื”ื’ืจ"ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจื• ืœืžืขืŸ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš.

ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ื•ืœื‘ืจืจ ื‘ื” ืืช ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ืœืžืขืฉื”
ืžื•ืกืจ ื”ืจื‘ ืื•ืฉืคื™ื–ืื™, ืœื™ืžื™ื ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืœ ืจืžืช ื’ืŸ,
"ื“ืจืš ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ื”ื™ืชื” 'ืืกื•ืงื™ ืฉืžืขืชืชื ืืœื™ื‘ื ื“ื”ืœื›ืชื. ื•ื›ืš ื’ื ื“ืจืฉ ืžืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื• ืฉื™ื‘ืจืจื• ืืช ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ื”ืœื›ื”". ("ืฉื‘ื—ื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื”", ืขืž' ืงืขื)

ื”ืจืื™"ื” ืขืกืง ืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืืกื™ืคืช ืคืกืงื™ ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ืœื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื“ืฃ ื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ื‘ืœื™, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืข"ืค ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืข"ืค ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš. ื•ื–ื” ื”ื ืงืจื "ื”ืœื›ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื”", ื”ื ื“ืคืก ืขืœ ื”ื“ืฃ ื‘ืžื”ื“ื•ืจืช ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืจื‘. ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืชื‘ื˜ืœ ืžืœื™ืžื•ื“ื• ื–ืžืŸ ื›ื” ืžื•ืคืœื’ ืื ืœื ืฉืจืื” ื‘ื›ืš ื”ืฉื’ืช ื™ืขื“ ื‘ืžืขืœื” ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืœื ืจืง ืœืขืฆืžื• ืืœื ืœื›ืœ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœื•ืžื“ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจืฆื™"ื” ื‘"ืฉืœืฉื” ื‘ืืœื•ืœ" (ื—"ื ืคืกืงื ืฆื‘) ื•ื›ืŸ "ืฉื‘ื—ื™ ื”ืจืื™ื”" (ืขืž' ืงื ). ื‘ื”ืงื“ืžืช "ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื”" ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืขื“ ืจืื™ื” ื›ื™ ืจืื” ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจืื™"ื” ืฉืฉื™ื ืžื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื™ื“ ืžืœืื•ืช ืžื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืœืœื•.

ืขืœ ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื•ืจื ื• ืœืฆืจืฃ ื™ื—ื“ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ื’ืžืจื ืขื“ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืคื•ืกืงื™ื, ื•ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื•ืœื—ื‘ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ืขื ื”ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ื’ืžืจื, ื›ืชื” ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ืžืืžืจื• "ื”ืจืฆืืช ื”ืจื‘" (ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืกื•ืฃ "ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”", ืฉื ืช ืชืฉ"ื”. ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืžืืžืจ "ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ" ื‘ืกืคืจ "ืงื‘ืฆื™ื ืžื›ืชื‘ ื™ื“ ืงื“ืฉื•" (ืฉื ืช ืชืฉืก"ื•) ื‘ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ืขื– ืื•ืคืŸ, ืขืž' ืจื›ื–-ืจื›ื—; ื•ืข"ืข "ืื–ื›ืจื”" ืœืจื™"ืœ ืžื™ื™ืžื•ืŸ, ื—"ื ืขืž' ืงื  ื•ืื™ืœืš. ื•ืจืง ืžืงืฆืช ืžื”ืžืืžืจ ื”ื•ื‘ื ื‘"ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื”", ืขืž' 49-51).

ืžื—ืฉื‘ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ
ื”ืจื‘ ืงืจื ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื:
"ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืžืกื›ืช ื‘ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืข ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจืช ื”ืœื‘ ื•ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”, ืœื›ืœ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืฉื‘ืชื•ืจื”; ืžืชื—ืชื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจื™ื’ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืžื•ืกืจื™ ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ืžื•ืš ื•ืงืœ, ืขื“ ืœืจื•ื ืคืกื’ืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ื•ืจื•ืžืžื”, ืขื“ ืžืจื•ื ืฉื™ื— ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืจื–ื™ ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืกืชืจื™ ืชื•ืจื”. ืื‘ืœ ืžืื“ ืžืื“ ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฉืžื™ืจืช ื”ืกื“ืจ. ื•ื—ืœื™ืœื” ืœื“ืœื’ ืืฃ ืžื“ืจื™ื’ื” ืงื˜ื ื”. ืจืง ื”ื›ืœ ื›ืกื“ืจ, ื‘ื“ื™ืขื” ืฆืœื•ืœื” ื•ื’ื“ื•ืœืช ื”ื ืคืฉ, ื‘ื–ืจื™ื–ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืžืชื™ื ื•ืช ื•ื›ื•' ื•ื›ื•'. ื—ืœืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืจืฉื•ื ื•ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ืŸ (ื”ืขืจืช ื”ืžืขืชื™ืง: ื–ืžืŸ ืจื—ื‘ ื•ืžื•ืขื™ืœ) ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื•ื™ื•ื. ืืžื ื ืจืง ื—ืœืง (ืžื”ื™ื•ื), ื›ื™ ืืจื‘ืข ืืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืœื›ื” ื”ื ื”ื™ืกื•ื“, ืขื™ืงืจ ื›ื— ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื›ืœ ืขืœื™ื• ื ื‘ื ื”". ("ืื’ืจื•ืช", ื—"ื ืขืž' ื›ื•)

ื•ื›ืš ื’ื ื›ืŸ ื”ื–ื”ื™ืจ ืืช ื‘ื ื• ืจืฆื™"ื”, ื‘ืขืช ืฆืขื™ืจื•ืชื•:
"ื•ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืกืคืจื™ ืžื•ืกืจ ื•ืขื™ื•ืŸ (ื”ืขืจืช ื”ืžืขืชื™ืง: ื–ื” ื›ื™ื ื•ื™ ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ) ื›ืžื“ื•ืžื” ืฉืื™ื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืขื™ืจืš (ืœื”ืชืจื’ืœ ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื–ื”) ื•ื›ื•'. ืจืง ืฉืชืงื‘ืข ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื™ืคื”, ืฉืœื ืชื‘ื–ื‘ื– ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื”ืœื›ืชื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืžื“ื”". ("ืื’ืจื•ืช", ื—"ื ืขืž' ืœื–)

ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจืื™"ื” ื‘ื™ืคื•, ื•ื‘ื ื• ืจืฆื™"ื” ืœืžื“ ื‘ืฆืขื™ืจื•ืชื• ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื›ืชื‘ ืœื• ืื‘ื™ื• ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ืœืจื‘ื ื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื.
"ืžื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืชืœืžื“ ืœื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ืงื ื™ื ืš ื‘ื—ื›ืžื”, ืœืžื’ืžืจ ื•ืœืžืกื‘ืจ, ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืขืœ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ืš ื‘ื—ืฉืง ื•ืื”ื‘ื”, ืœืงื ื•ืช ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ืฉืœื™ืžื” ื‘ื’ืžืจื, ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืจืฉ"ื™ ื•ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ื›ืกื™ื“ืจืŸ, ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืงืจ ืขื™ืงืจ, ื•ื”ื˜ืคืœ ื˜ืคืœ (ื”ืขืจื”: ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืœื›ื” ื•ืžื—ืฉื‘ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ). ื›ื™ ืœื ืจืื™ืชื™ ื—ื›ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืืžืช ื›ื™ ืื ืื•ืชื ืฉืžืฉื™ืžื™ื ืขื™ืงืจ ืขื™ืกืงื ื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื•ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื•ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื›ืกื“ืจื ืžืžืฉ, ื‘ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืจื™ ื”ื™ืœื“ื•ืช". ("ืื’ืจื•ืช", ื—"ื ืขืž' ื›ื•)

ื•ื’ื ืื—ืจื™ ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ืจืฆื™"ื” ื‘ืคืชื— ืชืงื•ื” ื•ืžืชืคืจื ืก ืข"ื™ ืžืกื™ืจืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื•, ื”ื“ืจื™ืš ื”ืจืื™"ื”: "ื•ืชื™ื–ื”ืจ ืžืœื”ืžืฉืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ืื™, ื‘ืขืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“, ื‘ืขื ื™ื ื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืžื•ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช" (ืื’ืจื•ืช, ื—ืœืง ืจื‘ื™ืขื™, ื’' ืฉื‘ื˜ ืชืจ"ืค).

ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช, ืฆืจื™ืš ื›ืœ ื‘ืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืœืขืฆืžื• ื–ืžืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืข ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื, ืฉืขื” ืื• ืฉืขืชื™ื™ื, ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช (ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื–ื” ืžืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ืžื•ืกืจ ื”ื "ืœ ื•ืขื“ ืœื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืจื–ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืจืžื—"ืœ ื•ื”ื’ืจ"ื ื•ื›ื™ื•"ื‘). ื ื‘ื™ื ื›ืืŸ ืงื•ื“ื (ื) ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืขืœ ื”ืงืฆื‘ืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื "ืœ. ืื—"ื› ื ื‘ื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• (ื‘) ืขืœ ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“.

ื.
"ื’ื ื”ืขืกืง ื”ืคืฉื˜ื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ืกืคืจื™ ืื’ื“ื”, ืžื—ื›ืžืช ื”ืžื•ืกืจ ื•ื”ื™ืจืื” ื•ื›ืœ ืกืคืจื™ ืชื™ืงื•ื ื™ ื”ืžื“ื•ืช ื•ื”ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืœืจื‘ื ืŸ ืงื“ื™ืฉื™ ืงืžืื™ ื•ื‘ืชืจืื™, ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื•ืžืฆื•ื” ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ืขืกืง ื‘ื”ื ืฉื’ื•ืจ ื•ืงื‘ื•ืข, ื‘ื‘ืงื™ืื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ื ื” ื•ืฉื›ืœ ื˜ื•ื‘, ืœืžื’ืžืจ ื•ืžื’ืจืก ื•ืขื™ื•ื ื™ (ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื’ืจื•ืก ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคืขืžื™ื, ื•ื’ื ืœืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื) ื•ื›ื•' ื•ื›ื•'. ืืžื ื ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ืœื™ืžื™ื, ืื• ืืฉืจ ื™ืžืฆืื• ื‘ืขืฆืžื ื›ื‘ื“ื•ืช ื•ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ื—ืฉืง ืœืžืื•ืจ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™, ืขืœื™ื”ื ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืžื•ื˜ืœืช ืœ(ื›ืœ ื”)ืคื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื ืœื’ืจื•ืข ื—ืง ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื•ื ื‘ื™ื•ืžื• ืœืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืฉืขื” ื•ืฉืชื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืœื—ื›ืžืช ื”ืืžืช (ื”ื "ืœ) ื•ืื– ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืชื”ื™ื” ื“ืขืชื ืžืชืจื—ื‘ืช, ื•ืฉืคืข ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื™ื—ื•ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื ื’ื ื‘ื’ื•ืคื™ ืชื•ืจื”" (ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืžืขืชื™ืง ืข"ืค ืื‘ื•ืช, ืกื•ืฃ ืคืจืง ื’': ื’ืžืจื ื•ื”ืœื›ื•ืช). ("ืื’ืจื•ืช", ื—"ื, ืขืž' ืคื‘)

ื‘. ื•ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ื”ื ืœืžื“ื™ื, ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฆื™ืข:
"ื™ื“ืข ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ืฉื›ืœ ืขื™ืงืจ ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื™ ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ืจื•ืชื™, ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ื›ื•ืชื‘, ื”ื•ื ืจืง ืœืขื•ืจืจ ืœื‘ื‘ ืช"ื—, ื–ืงื ื™ื ื•ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื, ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื•ืกืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื”ื ืžืฆืื™ื ืขืžื ื• ืžืงื“ื•ืฉื™ ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื ื—ื™ืœื•ื ื• ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื”ื’ืื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžื—ืงืจ (ื”ืขืจืช ื”ืžืขืชื™ืง: ื›ืžื• "ืืžื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื“ื™ืขื•ืช", "ืžื•ืจื” ื”ื ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื", "ืกืคืจ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื") ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืงื‘ืœื” ืขืœ ืคื™ ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื”ื ืžื•ืจืฉื” ืœื ื• ืžืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื–ื™"ืข, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื“ืจืš (ืชื ื•ืขืช) ื”ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ื’ืจ"ื ื•ื”ืจืž"ื— ืœื•ืฆืื˜ื• ื–"ืœ. ื•ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ืขื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื–ื”ืจ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื•ืกืคืจื ื“ืฆื ื™ืขื•ืชื, ืกืคืจ ื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจ ื•ืกืคืจ ื™ืฆื™ืจื”; ื•ื›ืœ ืžื“ืจืฉื™ ื—ื–"ืœ, ื‘ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื‘ืงื™ืื•ืช, ืฆืจื™ืš ืขืœ ื–ื” ื”ืชืžื“ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ืžืžืฉ ื›ื”ืชืžื“ืช ื”ืฉ"ืก ื•ืคื•ืกืงื™ื". ("ืื’ืจื•ืช", ื—"ื ืขืž' ืžื)

ื•ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื–ืจ ืœืคืจื˜ ืฉืžื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืกืคืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืื’ืจื•ืช ื—"ื ืขืž' ืงืขื‘. ื•ื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘"ืื“ืจ ื”ื™ืงืจ" (ืขืž' ื˜ื–). ืื‘ืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ื”ืืœื• ืื™ืŸ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืื•ืชื ื‘ืจืคืจื•ืฃ, ื•ื›ืงืจื™ืืช ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ, ืืœื ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืžืชื•ืŸ ื•ืžืขืžื™ืง. ื•ื›ืš ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘:
"ื•ื›ืœ ืื•ืชื ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ืžืœืื™ ืขื ื™ืŸ, ืฉื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืชืขืžืงื• ื‘ื”ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื ื•ื”ืคืฆืชื, ื”ื ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ื‘ืงืจืŸ ื–ื•ื™ืช, ืื• ื ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœืกืคืจื™ ื˜ื™ื•ืœ, ืฉืžืขื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ืืจืขื™. ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื›ื–ื” ืื™ื ื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื›ืœืœ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืขืœืช ื”ืžื‘ื•ืงืฉ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ืœื”ืชื›ื ืกื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช, ืœืงื™ืฉื•ืจืŸ, ื”ืชื™ื™ืœื“ื•ืชืŸ ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ืŸ". (ืื“ืจ ื”ื™ืงืจ, ืขืž' ื™ื“)

ื”ืจื‘ ื”ื–ื”ื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฆืœื™ื— ื‘ื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ื "ืœ ืืœื ืื ื›ืŸ ื™ืงื“ื™ืžื• ืœื›ืš ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื“ืงื“ื•ืงื™ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช. ื•ื–"ืœ:
"ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื›ื ืก ื‘ืขื“ืŸ ื–ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ื’ื ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืจื™ื›ื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื”ืฆืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื“ื™ื•ืงื™ ื”ืžืขืฉื™ื, ืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช, ืฉืœ ื›ืคื™ื™ืช ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ, ื“ืงื“ื•ืงื™ ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื‘ืคืจื˜ื™ื. ื•ืžื”ื ื‘ืื™ื ืœืื•ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ืื•ืจ ืขื“ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื•ื". (ืื•ืจื•ืช, ืขืž' ืงืกื‘)

ืืžื ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืืช ื›ืœ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœ ืกื“ืจ ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ืœืชืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืคืฉื˜ ื•ื ื’ืœื”, ื•ืจืง ืžืงืฆืช ื–ืžืŸ ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช. ื•ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื™ืชืงื“ื ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“, ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืงืฆื™ื‘ ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื–ืžืŸ. ื•ื›ืš ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืคื–ื™ื–ื™ื: "ื•ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ืœื•ืžื“ ื‘ื”ื“ืจื’ื” ื•ื›ื•' ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœืžื™ื’ืจืก ื•ื”ื“ืจ ืœืžื™ืกื‘ืจ, ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืคืฉื˜ ื•ืื—"ื› ืจืžื– ื•ืกื•ื“ ื•ื›ื•' ื•ืœื•ืžื“ ืจืง ื‘ืืงืจืื™, ืงื•ืคืฅ ื•ื‘ื•ืœืข ื‘ืœื™ ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื“ืขืช ื•ื”ื“ืจื’ื”" ("ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื”", ืขืž' 428)

ื—ืกืจื•ืŸ ื™ืฉ ื‘ืื“ื ื”ืžื–ืœื–ืœ ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืคืฉื˜ ื•ืงื•ื‘ืข ืจื•ื‘ ืžืจืฆื• ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืจืžื–, ื“ืจื•ืฉ ื•ืกื•ื“. ื›ืš ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘:
"ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืื•ืชื” ืœืฉืžื”, ื•ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ืงื‘ื™ืขื•ืช, ืœื ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžืงืจื” ื•ื›ื•'. ื•ื”ืœื•ืžื“ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื”ืจ, ืขื™ืงืจ ืขืกืงื• ื”ื•ื ืจืง ืœืคืจืกื ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื—ืœืงื™ ื“ืจื•ืฉ, ืจืžื– ื•ืกื•ื“. ืื‘ืœ ืžื”ืคืฉื˜ ื”ื•ื ืžืกื™ื— ื“ืขืชื• ื•ื›ื•' (ื›ื™) ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ืกืง ื›ื™ ืื ื‘ืื•ืชื ื—ืœืงื™ื ืฉืžืฉืขืจ ืฉืขื™"ื– ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืชืคืืจืช ื•ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช". ("ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื”", ืขืž' 427)

ื”ืจื‘ ื›ืชื‘ ืขืœ ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืชื™ื• ืžื” ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืฉืงื™ื•ื” ืœื”ืงื™ื:
"ื‘ืขืฆื ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”, ื›ื‘ืจ ืืžืจืชื™ ื‘ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ ื”ืงื•ื“ื, ืฉื›ืœ ืžื’ืžืชื™ ื”ื™ื ืฉื‘ื” ื™ื”ื™' ืžืงื•ื ืจืง ืœืชื•ืจื”, ืื‘ืœ ืœืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ืจื—ื‘ ื•ื”ืžืงื™ืฃ ืฉืœื”, ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ืืช ื›ืœ ื—ืœืงื™ื”, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฆื“ื” ื”ืžืขืฉื™, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฆื“ื” ื”ืขื™ื•ื ื™ ื•ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™... ืื™ื ื ื™ ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœ ืฉื•ื ืฆื“, ืžื›ืœ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืฉื ืžืฆืื• ืืชื ื• ื‘ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืฉื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื•ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืข"ืค, ืžืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ืžืŸ ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืŸ ื”ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืŸ ื”ืžื—ืงืจื™ื, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœื™ื, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืื’ื“ื” ื•ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉ, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื•ืกืจ ื•ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ื›ื•ืœื ื™ื—ื“ ื”ื ืœื ื• ืžืงืฆืข ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉื—ื•ื‘ืช ืช"ื— ื‘ื–ืžื ื ื• ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื”ื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ืื•ืชื... ืจื‘ื•ื™ ื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ื•ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืžื—ื›ื™ื ืืช ื”ืœื•ืžื“ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื•, ืฉื™ืขืฉื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ืื“ื ืžืงื•ืจื™, ื”ื™ื•ื“ืข ืœื–ืจื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื‘ืจ, ืœื”ื›ืจื™ืข ื•ืœื—ื“ืฉ". (ืื’ืจื•ืช, ื—"ื ืขืž' ืงืฆื‘-ืงืฆื’)
"ื”ืžื’ืžื” ื”ืจืืฉื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” (ื”ื™ื) ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื’"ื› ื—ืœืง ืจืฉื•ื ืžื”ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืขื™ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื, ืœื™ืกื“ ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืืžืชืช ื—ื›ืžืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื›ืœ ืกืขื™ืคื™ื”, ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืจื—ื‘ืชื”, ืขื“ ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืขื•ื“ ื—ื›ืžืช ื”ื”ืกืชื•ืจื™ื” ื•ื”ื‘ืงื•ืจืช, ื”ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื“ืขื•ืช, ื”ืคื™ื•ื˜ ื•ื›ืœ ืขื ืคื™ื”ื, ืฉื™ื™ื›ื™ื ื“ื•ืงื ืœืื•ืชื ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื—ืคืฆื™ื ื“ื•ืงื ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืก ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืืžื•ื ืช ื”ืฉื™"ืช". ("ืื’ืจื•ืช", ื—"ื ืขืž' ืงืžื—)
"ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”, ืขื™ืงืจ ื›ื•ื ืชื™ ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ื”ื™' ืงื‘ื•ืข ื‘ื” ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืงื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ื—ืœืงื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื, ืžื”ืชื—ืœืช ื”ืžื•ืกืจ ื•ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืขื“ ืขืžืงื™ ื”ืงื‘ืœื” ื•ื”ืกื•ื“ ืœื›ืœ ืคืจื˜ื™ื”ื, ื›ื™ ืžื•ื‘ื˜ื—ื™ื ืื ื•, ืฉื–ื” ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื’ืื•ืœื” ืฉืœืžื”, ื•ื–ื” ื ืื” ืžืื“ ืœื”ืžืฆื ื‘ืื”"ืง. ืืžื ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื–ื” ื”ื›ื ื” ืžืจื•ื‘ื”, ื•ืœืขืช ืขืชื” ืขื•ื“ ื”ืกื›ืžืชื™ ืขืœ ืคืจื•ื’ืจืžื” (ืชื›ื ื™ืช) ืžืคื•ืจื˜ืช. ื•ื›ืฉืืชืงื ื” ื•ืื“ืคื™ืกื” ื‘ืข"ื” ืœื ืืžื ืข ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžื›ืช"ืจ ื‘ืœ"ื ". ("ืื’ืจื•ืช", ื—"ื ื“ืฃ ืงืžื”)

ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืขื™ืงืจ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื• ื‘ืžืงืฆื•ืข ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืœื‘ื• ื—ืคืฅ ื‘ื•
ืืžืจื• ื—ื–"ืœ "ืื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื•ืžื“ ืชื•ืจื” ืืœื ืžืžืงื•ื ืฉืœื‘ื• ื—ืคืฅ" (ืข"ื– ื“ืฃ ื™ื˜ ืข"ื). ืœื•ื™ ืขืฉื” ืžืขืฉื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืขื–ื‘ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ, ืืฉืจ ื‘ื—ืจ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ืกืคืจ ืชื”ืœื™ื. ื›ื™ ืœื•ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ (ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ) ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืกืคืจ ืžืฉืœื™. ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ืืจื™ื–"ืœ ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืœืคื™ ื—ืฉืง ืœื‘ ื”ืื“ื, ื™ื“ืข ืžื” ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ("ืกืคืจ ื”ื’ืœื’ื•ืœื™ื", ืคืจืง ื“; "ืžืฉื ืช ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื" ืœืจ' ืขืžื ื•ืืœ ืจื™ืงื™, ื”ืœ' ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื”, ืคืจืง ื’ ื”ืœื›ื” ื”).

ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจื‘:
"ื™ืฉื ื ืฉื™ืฆืื• ืœืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืจืขื” ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ื“ืจืš ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื ื•ื”ืฉืœืžืชื ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ื‘ื’ื“ื• ื‘ืชื›ื•ื ืชื ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช. ื”ืจื™ ืฉืื—ื“ ืžื•ื›ืฉืจ ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ืื’ื“ื”, ื•ืขื ื™ื ื™ ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ืื™ื ื ืœืคื™ ืชื›ื•ื ืชื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขืกื•ืง ื‘ื”ื ื‘ืงื‘ื™ืขื•ืช. ื•ืžืชื•ืš ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจ ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ืืช ื›ืฉืจื•ื ื• ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“, ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืชืงืข ื‘ืขื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืœื›ื” ื›ืคื™ ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ื”ืžื•ืจื’ืœ. ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ื ืคืฉื• ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืืœื” ื”ืขื ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื”ื, ืžืชื•ืš ืฉื”ื”ืฉืชืงืขื•ืช ื‘ื”ื ืื™ื ื” ืœืคื™ ื˜ื‘ืข ื›ืฉืจื•ื ื• ื”ืขืฆืžื™". ("ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”", ืคืจืง ื˜ ืคืกืงื ื’', ืขื™ื™"ืฉ ื”ืžืฉืš ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•)

ื•ื›ืš ืืžืจื• ื—ื–"ืœ ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉื‘ืชื•ืจื”:
"ืืคื™ืœื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื ื™ืชื ื” ืžืœืžืขืœื”, ืœื ื ื™ืชื ื• ืืœื ื‘ืžื“ื”. ื•ืืœื• ื”ืŸ ืžืงืจื, ืžืฉื ื”, ืชืœืžื•ื“, ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื•ืื’ื“ื•ืช. ื™ืฉ ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœืžืงืจื, ื•ื™ืฉ ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœืžืฉื ื” ื•ื™ืฉ ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœืชืœืžื•ื“ ื•ื™ืฉ ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœื”ื’ื“ื”. ื•ื™ืฉ ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœื›ื•ืœืŸ" (ืžื“ืจืฉ ื•ื™ืงืจื ืจื‘ื” ื˜ื•, ื‘).

ื•ืžืฆืื ื• ื’ื ืืฆืœ ื—ื–"ืœ ืฉื”ื™ื• "ืจื‘ื ืŸ ื“ืื’ื“ืชื" (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ื™ื‘ืžื•ืช ืค"ื“ ื”"ื‘), ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืžืฆืื• ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืชืขื ื™ื™ื ื•ืชื ื•ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ื”ื ื‘ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื ื–ื” ืฉื‘ืชื•ืจื”. (ืข"ืข ืœื”ืœืŸ ื‘ืคืจืง "ืจื–ื™ ืชื•ืจื”").

ืขืœ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืžืงืจื
"ื”ืจื‘ ื”ื™ื” ื ื•ืชืŸ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ื’ ืžืฆื•ืžืฆื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื‘ื—ื•ืžืฉ ื•ืจืฉ"ื™. ื•ื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืฉื”ื ืฆื™"ื‘ ื“ืจืฉ ืžืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื• ืฉื™ืœืžื“ื• ื—ื•ืžืฉ ื•ืจืฉ"ื™, ื•ืจืง ืื– ื™ื“ืขื• ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ ืคื”". ("ืฉื‘ื—ื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื”", ืฉืœ ื“ืจ. ืœื™ืคืฉื™ืฅ, ืขืž' ืงืขื“)

ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืจื–ื™ ืชื•ืจื”
ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจื‘:
"ื›ืฉื ืฉืžื ื•ื™ื” ื•ื’ืžื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืื ืจื•ืื” ืื“ื ืฉื”ืฆืœื—ืชื• ื”ื™ื ื‘ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื—ื›ืžืช ื”ืืžืช, ื•ืงืฉื” ืœื• ื”ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื”ืœื›ื•ืชื™, ืื– ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื• ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื”ื•ื ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืืช ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื™ืงืจื™ ืžื–ืžื ื• ืœืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืกืชื’ืœ ืœืจื•ื—ื•; ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืื ืจื•ืื” ืื“ื ืฉืœื™ืžื•ื“ื• ื‘ืกืชืจื™ ืชื•ืจื” ืžืงื“ืฉ ืื•ืชื•, ืžืขืœื” ืืช ืจื•ื—ื• ื•ืžืงืจื‘ื”ื• ืืœ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื‘ื”ืจื’ืฉืช ืœื‘ ื•ืฉื›ืœ ืคื ื™ืžื™; ื•ืžื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ื ื’ืœื” ืื™ื ื• ืจื•ืื” ืืช ืคืจื™ ื”ื ื—ืžื“ ื”ื–ื” ื•ื›ื•' ืื– ืžื•ืคืช ื’ืžื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืฉืชื™ืงื•ื ื• ื”ื•ื ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืื•ืจ ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืฉืœ ื—ื›ืžืช ื”ืืžืช". (ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืคืจืง ื™ ืคืกืงื ื’)

ื•ืื—"ื› ื›ื•ืชื‘:
"ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื ืžืฆื ืื ืฉื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ืจืื” ื•ื‘ื—ื›ืžื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืขื ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืกืชืจื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืœื”ื, (ื–ื”) ืžืคื ื™ ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืžืขืœืชื, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืจื›ื•ืฉ ืจื‘ ืœื”ืขืกื™ืง ื‘ื• ืืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืชื ื‘ืžื›ืžื ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ื”ื’ืœื•ื™ื™ื. ื•ื›ื•'. ื›ื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืฉืชืฉื•ืงื” ื–ื• (ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืจื–ื™ ืชื•ืจื”) ื‘ืื” ืœื• ืžืคื ื™ ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ื›ืฉืจื•ื ื• ืœืขื ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื’ืœื•ื™ื™ื, ืžื” ื‘ื›ืš? ืกื•ืฃ ืกื•ืฃ ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื ืžืชืช ื—ืœืงื• (ืžื” ืฉื ื’ื–ืจ ืขืœื™ื• ืœืคื™ ื”ื”ืฉื’ื—ื” ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื”) ื•ืจืื•ื™ ืœื• ืœืฉืžื•ื— ื‘ื—ืœืงื•" (ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืคืจืง ื™ ืคืกืงื ื“)

ืกื“ืจ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื” ืžืฉื ื” ื•ืชืœืžื•ื“. ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืœื“ ืœืžื‘ื•ื’ืจ
ืกื“ืจ ื”ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื‘ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื”ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืœืžื•ื“, ื”ื ืœืคื™ ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ. ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ ื™ืฉ ืœื˜ืคื— ืจื’ืฉื™ ื”ืœื‘, ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื ื•ื˜ื” ืืœ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘, ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื•ื™ืจืืช ื”'. ืื—"ื› ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงื ื•ืช ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ ื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ื”ืžืขืฉื™ืช, ืื™ืš ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืœ ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ืจื’ืฉื™ ื”ืœื‘ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ืžืขืฉื” (ื”ืจื™ ื”ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžืฉื ื”). ืื—"ื› ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืŸ, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžืขืฉื™ื™ื, ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ืคืฉื˜ื™ื, ื‘ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ื•ืืžื•ื ื•ืช. (ืขื™ืŸ ืื™ื”, ืฉื‘ืช ืค"ื ืคืกืงื ื ื”. ื•ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื• ื”ื•ืกื‘ืจื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืขืœ ืื‘ื•ืช, ืกื•ืฃ ืคืจืง ื—ืžืฉื™, "ืขื•ืœืช ืจืื™"ื”", ื—"ื‘ ืขืž' ืงืคื-ืงืคื‘. ื•ื”ื ืœืคื™ ื’ื™ืœืื™ ื—ืžืฉ, ืขืฉืจ ื•ื‘ืŸ ื—ืžืฉ ืขืฉืจื” ืฉื ื™ื). ืื‘ืœ ืื“ื ื”ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจ "ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืงื“ื™ื ื”ืกื™ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžืขืฉื™ (ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ื”ืœื›ื•ืช) ืงื•ื“ื ืฉื™ืฉืชื“ืœ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ืชืคืืจืช ืจื’ืฉื•ืชื™ื•".

ืžืžื™ ืจืื•ื™ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื›ืœ ืžืงืฆื•ืข ื•ืžืงืฆื•ืข ื‘ืชื•ืจื”
ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ื›ืœ ืชื—ื•ื ืžืžื•ืจื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื•ืžื—ื” ืœืื•ืชื• ื ื•ืฉื, ื•ืœื ืžืžื™ ืฉืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื”ื•ื ื‘ืืงืจืื™ ื•ืœื ื‘ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™. ื•ื›ืš ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘: "ืžืคื ื™ ื”ื—ืฆื™ืคื•ืช ื”ื ืฆืืช ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื•ืฉื›ื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ืกื•ืคืจ (ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืžืขืชื™ืง: ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ืงืœ ื‘ื›ืชื™ื‘ื”) ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ื“ืขืชื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืื™ื ื ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ืœื•, ื›ืžื• ืขื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืืžื•ื ื”, ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ื™ืจืื” ื•ื”ืžื•ืกืจ ื•ื›ื™ื•"ื‘, ื™ืฆื ืžืฉืคื˜ ืžืขื•ืงืœ. ื•ื›ื•' (ื›ื™) ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืืฆืœื• ื˜ืคืœ, ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžืŸ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื—ืจ. ื•ื”ืžื•ื‘ื—ืจ ื™ืฆื ืจืง ืžืืœื• ืฉืฉืžื™ื ืœื™ืœื•ืช ื›ื™ืžื™ื ืขืœ ืขืกืงื™ ืชื•ืจืชื ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืœื”ื" ("ืขื™ืŸ ืื™ื”", ืฉื‘ืช, ืค"ื‘ ืคืกืงื ื›ื).

ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” ืข"ื™ ื”ื”ื›ืจื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ืฆื“ืง
ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืชืคื•ืก ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืœื‘ื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืข"ืค ื“ืจืš ื”', ื“ืจืš ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ืฆื“ืง. "ืื ื”ืฆื™ื•ืจ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ื–ื” ื—ืกืจ ืœื•, ืื– ืœื ื™ื›ื™ืจ (ื”ืœื•ืžื“) ื›ืœืœ ืชืขื•ื“ืชื” (ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื”) ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื›ื•'. ื•ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ื™ืจืื” ืคืจื˜ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื”, ืชื—ืฉื‘ ืขืœื™ื• ื›ืžืฉื ื›ื‘ื“ ื•ื›ืขืกืง ืฉืœ ื˜ื•ืจื—. ื•ื›ื•' ื•ื›ื•'. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืจื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ืœื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ืช"ื— ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื’ื“ื•ืœืช ืขื•ืžืง ื”ืฆื“ืง ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ืฉื‘ืชื•ืจื”. ืื– ื™ื—ืฉื‘ื• ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื”ื ืขืกืง ื”ื“ืงื“ื•ืงื™ื ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื›ื ื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ืขืจืš, ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื ื‘ืืžืช, ื•ื™ื‘ื™ืื• ืื•ืชื ืœื›ืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืจื•ืžืžื•ืช" ("ืขื™ืŸ ืื™ื”", ืฉื‘ืช ืค"ื‘ ืคืกืงื ืงืข). ืฉืžื ืœื›ืŸ ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืงื“ื™ื ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ื™ืจืืช ื”', ืœืคื ื™ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชืœืžื•ื“. ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื’ืจ"ื (ืžืฉืœื™ ื›ื”, ื“). ื•ื‘ื”ืงื“ืžืช "ืžืกื™ืœืช ื™ืฉืจื™ื" ื”ื‘ื™ื ืจืื™ื” ืœื›ืš ืžืŸ ืฉื‘ืช ืœื ืข"ื "ื™ืจืืช ื”' ื”ื™ื ืื•ืฆืจื•".

ื”ืื ืจืื•ื™ ื›ื™ ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืจื•ื•ืง ื™ืœืžื“ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื ื“ื” ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœื›ืš?
ืืžืจ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžื˜ื”ืจืช ื•ืžื ืงื” ืืช ื ืคืฉื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื, ื•ื’ื ืžืจื•ืžืžืช ืื•ืชื•. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื• ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื”ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• (ืขื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื•, ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘"ืื•ืฆืจื•ืช ื”ืจืื™"ื”" ืžื”ื“' ืชืฉืก"ื‘ ื—"ื‘ ืขืž' 377). ื•ื‘ืกืคืจ "ืžื•ืœื•ื–'ื™ืŸ ืขื“ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื", ื”ื ื›ืชื‘ ืข"ื™ ื”ืจื‘ ืžืื™ืจ ื‘ืจ ืื™ืœืŸ ื‘ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื ืฆื™"ื‘, ืžืขื™ื“ ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื•ืœื•ื–'ื™ืŸ ืœืžื“ื• ื›ืœ ื”ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ื•ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ, ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื•ื™ื•ื ื“ืฃ ื—ื“ืฉ (ืฉื”ืจื‘ ื ืชืŸ ืขืœ ื–ื” ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื”ื™ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”), ืžืžืกื›ืช ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื•ืขื“ ื ื“ื”. ื•ื”ื™ื• ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ื ืจื•ื•ืงื™ื.

ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื•ืžื—ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžืฆืœื™ื— ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื•, ื”ืื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื• ืื• ืืกื•ืจ ืœื• ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืžืœื™ืžื•ื“ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืœืžื“ ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ืžืžื ื•, ืื• ืฉืžื ื–ื” ืืฃ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœื™ื•?
ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ืฆื‘ื™ ื ืจื™ื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื• ืžืžื” ืฉื“ื™ื‘ืจ ื”ืจืื™"ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืคืชื™ื—ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช "ืžืจื›ื–". ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ, ืืžืจ ืฉื ื”ืจื‘ ื›ื™ ืžื•ื˜ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืชืช ืžื–ืžื ื ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื.

ืกื™ื•ืข ื™ืฉ ืœื›ืš ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ืžืฉื•"ืช "ื—ืชื ืกื•ืคืจ" (ื—ื•"ืž ืกื™' ืงืกื“) ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ ืขืœ ืืœื• ืฉืชื•ืจืชื ืื•ืžื ื•ืชื ื•ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ื ื•ืœื™ืœื”, ื•ืจืง ืžื‘ื˜ืœื™ื ืžืœื™ืžื•ื“ื ืœืžืขืŸ ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื”ื.
"ื•ื‘ืชื•ืš ืื•ืชื• ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœืชื•ืจื” ื•ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ืื ื™ื‘ื•ื ืื“ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžืžื ื• ื“ื‘ืจ ื•ื›ื•' ืืข"ืค ืฉืžืคืกื™ื“ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื• ืฉืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืข"ื™ ื–ื”, ื‘ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื• ืงื•ื“ื ืœืฉืœ ืขืฆืžื•" ืขื›"ืœ.

ื‘ืขืฆื ื–ื” ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ืขืœ ืคืกื•ืง "ืจืฉ ื•ืื™ืฉ ืชื›ื›ื™ื ื ืคื’ืฉื•" (ืžืฉืœื™ ื›ื˜) ืืžืจื•
"'ืจืฉ' ื–ื” ืจืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ื•'ืื™ืฉ ืชื›ื›ื™ื' ื–ื” ืฉืฉื•ื ื” ืกื“ืจ ืื• ืฉื ื™ ืกื“ืจื™ื (ื‘ืžืฉื ื” ื•ืชืœืžื•ื“). ืขืžื“ ืจืฉ ืขื ืื™ืฉ ืชื›ื›ื™ื, ืืžืจ ืœื•: ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื™ (ืชืœืžื“ ืืชื™) ืคืจืง ืื—ื“? ื•ื”ืฉื ื”ื• (ืื ืœื™ืžื“ ืื•ืชื•) 'ืžืื™ืจ ืขื™ื ื™ ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื”'!', ืงื ื• ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ื•ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื. 'ืขืฉื™ืจ ื•ืจืฉ ื ืคื’ืฉื•'. ืขืฉื™ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ืจืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืจื”. ืืžืจ ืื•ืชื• ืจืฉ ืœืื•ืชื• ืขืฉื™ืจ: ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื™ ืคืจืง ืื—ื“', ื•ืœื ื”ืฉื ื”ื•. ืืžืจ ืœื• (ื”ืขืจืช ื”ืžืขืชืง: ืื ื• ื ืชืจื’ื ื›ืืŸ ืœืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ) ื‘ืžื” ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืืœืžื“ืš? ื‘ืžืฉืงื™ืŸ (ืคืจืง
ืงืฉื” ื”ื”ื‘ื ื”) ืื• ื‘'ืžืื™ืžืชื™' (ืคืจืง ืงืœ ื”ื”ื‘ื ื”). ืœืš ืชืงืจื ื•ืชืฉื ื” ืขื ืžื™ ืฉื›ืžื•ืชืš (ื‘ื“ืจื’ืช ื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœืš)! (ืžืžืฉื™ืš ื”ืžืงืจื) ืขื•ืฉื” ื›ื•ืœื ื”'. ืžื™ ืฉืขืฉื” ืœื–ื” ื—ื›ื, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืชื• ื˜ืคืฉ. ื•ืžื™ ืฉืขืฉื” ืœื–ื” ื˜ืคืฉ, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืชื• ื—ื›ื" (ื•ื™ืงืจื ืจื‘ื” ืœื“, ื“. ื•ื”ื•ื–ื›ืจ ื‘ืงืฆืจื” ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ืชืžื•ืจื” ื˜ื– ืข"ื).
ืขืœ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™
ื”ืจื‘ ืž"ืฆ ื ืจื™ื” ืžืขื™ื“:
"ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืฆ"ืœ ื“ืจืฉ ืฉื™ืœืžื“ื• ืืช ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ื‘ื‘ืœื™ ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ืจืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื–ื• ืžื•ืœ ื–ื•, ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื‘ื ื–ื” ื•ืœื™ืžื“ ืขืœ ื–ื”". ("ืœื™ืงื•ื˜ื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื”", ื—"ื‘ ืขืž' 160)

ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
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