ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืคืจืฉืช ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื•ืชื "ืš
  • ื—ื•ืžืฉ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื
  • ื ืฆื‘ื™ื
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
  • ืžื“ื•ืจื™ื
  • ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ื™ืš
  • ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ืš - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•
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14 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื” โ€ข 62 ื“ืง' ืฆืคื™ื”

ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ืœืชื•ื“ื” ื’ื ื‘ืขืช ืžืœื—ืžื”


ืขึทืœ ื—ึทื™ึผึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื”ึทืžึผึฐืกื•ึผืจึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐื™ึธื“ึถืšึธ. ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ื ึดืกึผึถื™ืšึธ ืฉืึถื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ื™ื•ื ืขึดืžึผึธื ื•ึผ


ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืขืช ืžืœื—ืžื”. ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื™ื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฆืคื•ืŸ, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ืขืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืฆืคืช, ืžืื•ืช ื˜ื™ืœื™ื, ื•ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”' ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื™ืœื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืžื™ื•ืจื˜ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื™ื ืœืขืฆืžื ื• ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืชืจื’ืœ ืœื ืก ื”ื–ื”. ืœืคื ื™ 18 ืฉื ื™ื, ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืช ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”, ื™ืจื• 460 ื˜ื™ืœื™ื ืžืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ืฆืคืช ื•ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืœื ื—ืฉื‘ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ื˜ื™ืœื™ื ื›ืืœื” ื‘ืžืขื•ืคื ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืจ.


ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื’ื ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ืื•ืงืจืื™ื ื” ื•ื‘ืจื•ืกื™ื” ืœื ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ื˜ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืžืขื•ืคื ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืจ, ื–ื• ื—ื›ืžื” ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืืœื™ื”ื ื•ืœื ืืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”' ืฉื—ื ืŸ ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ื—ื›ืžื”, ื‘ื™ื ื” ื•ื“ืขืช ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื˜ื™ืœื™ื ืฉืžื™ื™ืจื˜ื™ื ื˜ื™ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื. ืืœื ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœื ื• ืœื”ืชืจื’ืœ ืืœื™ื”ื, ืืœื ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืœืœ ืœืฉื ื”' ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ื”ื–ืืช.


ื›ื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ืจืฉืขื” โ€“ ื”ื›ื ื” ืœืžืœื›ื•ืช ื”' ื‘ืขื•ืœื


ืื ื—ื ื• ื’ื ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ื•ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ืžืื•ืช ื’ื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื ืฉื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืœื›ืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืจืฉืขื” ืฉื‘ืชื•ืš ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ. ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืœื”ื›ืจื™ืช ืืช ื”ืจืฉืขื” ื”ื–ืืช ื•ืœื ืœื”ื›ื™ืœ ืื•ืชื”, ื•ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื”' ืขืœ ื›ืš ื›ืžื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” "ื•ึผื‘ึฐื›ึตืŸ ืฆึทื“ึผึดื™ืงึดื™ื ื™ึดืจึฐืื•ึผ ื•ึฐื™ึดืฉึนึฐืžึธื—ื•ึผ ื•ึดื™ืฉืึธืจึดื™ื ื™ึทืขึฒืœึนื–ื•ึผ. ื•ึทื—ึฒืกึดื™ื“ึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐืจึดื ึผึธื” ื™ึธื’ึดื™ืœื•ึผ. ื•ึฐืขื•ึนืœึธืชึธื” ืชึดืงึฐืคึผึนืฅ ืคึผึดื™ื”ึธ. ื•ึฐื”ึธืจึดืฉืึฐืขึธื” ื›ึปืœึผึธื”ึผ ื‘ึผึถืขึธืฉืึธืŸ ืชึผึดื›ึฐืœึถื”. ื›ึผึดื™ ืชึทืขึฒื‘ึดื™ืจ ืžึถืžึฐืฉืึถืœึถืช ื–ึธื“ื•ึนืŸ ืžึดืŸ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ". ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื›ื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ืจืฉืข ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื”' ืฉืžื‘ื™ืื” ืฉืžื—ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืœืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื•ืœื™ืฉืจื™ื ื•ืœื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื. "ื•ึฐืชึดืžึฐืœึนืšึฐ ืึทืชึผึธื” ื”ื•ึผื ื”' ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ื ื•ึผ ืžึฐื”ึตืจึธื” ืขึทืœ ื›ึผึธืœ ืžึทืขึฒืฉึนึถื™ืšึธ. ื‘ึผึฐื”ึทืจ ืฆึดื™ึผื•ึนืŸ ืžึดืฉืึฐื›ึผึทืŸ ื›ึผึฐื‘ื•ึนื“ึถืšึธ. ื•ึผื‘ึดื™ืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึทื™ึดื ืขึดื™ืจ ืžึดืงึฐื“ึผึธืฉืึถืšึธ. ื›ึผึทื›ึผึธืชื•ึผื‘ ื‘ึผึฐื“ึดื‘ึฐืจึตื™ ืงึธื“ึฐืฉืึถืšึธ ื•ื›ื•'".


ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื” ืœื ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘, ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื—ืกื“


ื’ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืžืœื—ืžื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื”' ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืœืžืœื—ืžื”. ื›ืš ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืคื˜ ืฉื™ื•ืฆื ืœืžืœื—ืžื” ืฉื‘ื‘ื ื™ ืขืžื•ืŸ "ื•ึทื™ึผึดื•ึผึธืขึทืฅ ืึถืœ ื”ึธืขึธื ื•ึทื™ึผึทืขึฒืžึตื“ ืžึฐืฉืึนืจึฒืจึดื™ื ืœื”' ื•ึผืžึฐื”ึทืœึฐืœึดื™ื ืœึฐื”ึทื“ึฐืจึทืช ืงึนื“ึถืฉื ื‘ึผึฐืฆึตืืช ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ื”ึถื—ึธืœื•ึผืฅ ื•ึฐืึนืžึฐืจึดื™ื ื”ื•ึนื“ื•ึผ ืœื”' ื›ึผึดื™ ืœึฐืขื•ึนืœึธื ื—ึทืกึฐื“ึผื•ึน". ืœื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ื•ื“ื• ืœื”' ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘, ื›ื™ ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื” ื™ืฉ ืคืฆื•ืขื™ื, ื”ืจื•ื’ื™ื ื•ื—ื˜ื•ืคื™ื ื•ืœื‘ ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืœื”' ืขืœ ื”ื—ืกื“ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืขืช ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ืฉื—ืœืงื ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื•ื—ืœืงื ืื ื—ื ื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ืจื•ืื™ื.


ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœื ื‘ืžืคืœืชื ืฉืœ ืจืฉืขื™ื, ื‘ื ื™ื• ืฉืžื—ื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ืจืข


ื•ื‘ื’ืžืจื (ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื™ ืข"ื‘): "ื•ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ืžืคื ื™ ืžื” ืœื ื ืืžืจ ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื”ื•ื“ืื” ื–ื• ืœืคื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ืฉืžื— ื‘ืžืคืœืชืŸ ืฉืœ ืจืฉืขื™ื". ื•ื™ืฉ ืžืงืฉื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืš ืžื“ื•ื“ ื”ืžืœืš ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ ืขืœื™ื• ืฉืฉืžื— ื‘ืžืคืœืช ืจืฉืขื™ื ื•ืืžืจ ืฉื™ืจื”: "ืฉื ืืžืจ ื™ืชืžื• ื—ื˜ืื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ืจืฉืขื™ื ืขื•ื“ ืื™ื ื ื‘ืจื›ื™ ื ืคืฉื™ ืืช ื”' ื”ืœืœื•ื™ื”"  (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื™ ืข"ื). ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื”ืžื”ืจ"ืœ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื’ืžืจื ืฉื”' ืœื ืฉืžื— ื‘ืžืคืœืชื, ื›ื™ ื”ื ื‘ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื›ืฉืœื•. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ื— ื‘ื›ื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ืจืข ื•ืœื ืœื”ื›ื™ืœ ืื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• (ื’ื•ืจ ืืจื™ื” ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื— ื—). ืฉืื ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ื‘ื›ื™ืœื•ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจืข - ืื ื—ื ื• ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืจืฉืœ ื•ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืื•ืชื• ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ื–ื™ืง ืœืขื•ืœื.


ื™ืฉ ืฉืžื—ื” ื›ืฉื ืชืžืœืื” ืกืืชื


ื”ื–ื”ืจ (ื—ืœืง ื ื“ืฃ ืกื/ื‘) ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืจืฉืขื™ื ืฉื ืชืžืœืื” ืกืืชื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”' ืฉืžื— ื‘ืžืคืœืชื โ€“  "ื—ึถื“ึฐื•ึธื•ืŸ ื•ึฐืชื•ึผืฉืึฐื‘ึผึฐื—ึธืŸ ืงึทืžึผึตื™ื”ึผ ืขึทืœ ื“ึผึฐืึดืชึฐืึฒื‘ึดื™ื“ื•ึผ ืžึตืขึธืœึฐืžึธื" โ€“ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืจืฉืขื™ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื ืชืžืœืื” ืกืืชื. ืฉืฉื ื”' ืžืฆื˜ืขืจ ืขืœ ื›ื™ืœื•ื™ื™ื. "ื›ึผึฐื“ึตื™ืŸ ืœึตื™ืช ื—ึถื“ึฐื•ึธื” ืงึทืžึตื™ื”ึผ ื•ึผื‘ึธืึดื™ืฉื ืงึทืžึผึตื™ื”ึผ ืขึทืœ ื“ึผึฐืึดืชึฐืึฒื‘ึดื™ื“ื•ึผ".โ€


ื•ืฉืžื ืชืืžืจ: ืื ืœื ื ืชืžืœืื” ืกืืชื ืœืžื” ื”' ืžืขื ื™ืฉ ืื•ืชื? ืœืžื” ืžืขื ื™ืฉื™ื ืจืฉืขื™ื ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื ืชืžืœืื” ืกืืชื? ื•ึฐืึดื™ ืชึตื™ืžึธื ืึดื™ื”ื•ึผ ืขึทื“ ืœึธื ืžึธื˜ื•ึผ ื–ึดืžึฐื ึทื™ึฐื™ื”ื•ึผ ืึทืžึผึทืื™ ืขึธื‘ึดื™ื“ ื‘ึผึฐื”ื•ึผ ื“ึผึดื™ื ึธื? ืขื•ื ื” ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื ืžืฆื™ืงื™ื ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ "ื‘ึผึฐื’ึดื™ืŸ ื“ึผึฐืžึดืฉืึฐืชึผึทืชึผึฐืคึตื™ ื‘ึผึทื”ึฒื“ึทื™ึฐื™ื”ื•ึผ ื“ึผึฐื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืœึฐืึทื‘ึฐืึธืฉืึธื ืœื•ึนืŸ. ื•ึผื‘ึฐื’ึดื™ืŸ ื›ึผึธืšึฐ ืขึธื‘ึดื™ื“ ื‘ึผึฐื”ื•ึผ ื“ึผึดื™ื ึธื ื•ึฐืื•ึนื‘ึดื™ื“ ืœื•ึนืŸ ืžึตืขึธืœึฐืžึธื ื‘ึผึฐืœึธื ื–ึดืžึฐื ึธื. ื•ึฐื“ึธื ื”ื•ึผื ื“ึผึฐืึทื‘ึฐืึดื™ืฉื ืงึทืžึผึตื™ื”ึผ".


ื–ื›ืจ ืขืฉื” ืœื ืคืœืื•ืชื™ื•


ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืคืจืฉืช ื›ื™ ืชื‘ื ืจื•ืื™ื ื›ื™ ืžื™ ืฉืžื•ื“ื” ืœื”' ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืจื™ื ืžื›ืœื™ืœ ื‘ื”ื•ื“ืื” ืฉืœื• ื’ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉื”' ืขืฉื” ืœื• ืžืื– ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืืจืžื™ ืื•ื‘ื“ ืื‘ื™. ื›ืš ื’ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื ืฉื ืขืฉื• ืœื ื• ืžืื– ืฉืงืžื” ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื•ื‘ืืžืช ืžื–ืžืŸ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืืช ืœื™ืœ ื”ื˜ื™ืœื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื ื™ืกืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœื™ื™ืจื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžืื•ืช ื›ืœื™ ื˜ื™ืก ื•ื‘ื”ื ื˜ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ื.


ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ื’ื ืขืœ ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ื•ื”ืชืขื•ื–ื” ื•ื”ืกื™ืขืชื ื“ืฉืžื™ื ื‘ืคื™ืฆื•ืฅ ืืœืคื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืคืจื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ, ืฉืจื™ืกืงื• ืืช ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ื• ื•ืฉื•ื ืื™ื ื• ื•ื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ื "ืชึถึผื—ึฐืฉึทืื›ึฐื ึธื” ืขึตื™ื ึตื™ื”ึถื ืžึตืจึฐืื•ึนืช ื•ึผืžึธืชึฐื ึตื™ื”ึถื ืชึธึผืžึดื™ื“ ื”ึทืžึฐืขึทื“" (ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืกื˜, ื›ื“). ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืš ื‘ืคื” ืžืœื. ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืžื˜ื•ืก ืฉื™ื•ืฆื ืœื”ืคืฆื™ืฅ ื‘ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ, ืฉื™ื™ืชืžื• ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ื• ื•ืฉื•ื ืื™ื ื• ื•ื›ืœ ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ ืจืขืชื ื•. ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื–ื• ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื ื• ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื•ื›ืขืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืขืœื™ื” ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ื.


ืื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืจืฉืขื™ื โ€“ ืชื ืื™ ืœืžืœื›ื•ืช ื”'


ื•ึฐื ึธืชึทืŸ ื”' ืึฑืœึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ ืึตืช ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึธืึธืœื•ึนืช ื”ึธืึตืœึผึถื” ืขึทืœ ืึนื™ึฐื‘ึถื™ืšึธ ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ืฉื‚ึนื ึฐืึถื™ืšึธ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืจึฐื“ึธืคื•ึผืšึธ


ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืื ื—ื ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ื›ื™ ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื™ืฉ ื’ื ื ืงืžื” ื‘ืจืฉืขื” ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื "ื•ึฐื ึธืชึทืŸ ื”' ืึฑืœึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ ืึตืช ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึธืึธืœื•ึนืช ื”ึธืึตืœึผึถื” ืขึทืœ ืึนื™ึฐื‘ึถื™ืšึธ ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ืฉื‚ึนื ึฐืึถื™ืšึธ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืจึฐื“ึธืคื•ึผืšึธ" (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœ, ื–). ื•ื”ืืœื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืฆื— ื”ืงืœืœื•ืช  ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื›ื™ ืชื‘ื, ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืื• ืขืœื™ื ื• ื”ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืช ืขืœ ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ื• ื•ืฉื•ื ืื™ื ื• ื›ืžื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื ื ื•. ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืžืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื ื• "ื•ึฐื”ื•ึนืชึดื™ืจึฐืšึธ ื”' ืึฑืœึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ ื‘ึผึฐื›ึนืœ ืžึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึตื” ื™ึธื“ึถืšึธ ื‘ึผึดืคึฐืจึดื™ ื‘ึดื˜ึฐื ึฐืšึธ ื•ึผื‘ึดืคึฐืจึดื™ ื‘ึฐื”ึถืžึฐืชึผึฐืšึธ ื•ึผื‘ึดืคึฐืจึดื™ ืึทื“ึฐืžึธืชึฐืšึธ ืœึฐื˜ึนื‘ึธื” ื›ึผึดื™ ื™ึธืฉืื•ึผื‘ ื”' ืœึธืฉื‚ื•ึผืฉื‚ ืขึธืœึถื™ืšึธ ืœึฐื˜ื•ึนื‘ ื›ึผึทืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืฉื‚ึธืฉื‚ ืขึทืœ ืึฒื‘ึนืชึถื™ืšึธ", ื•ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืคืจืฉื” ื”ื–ื•.


ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ืš ื•ืฉื•ื ืื™ืš โ€“ ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ ื•ืขืฉื•


ืจื‘ื ื• ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื” ืื•ืžืจ: "ื›ื™ 'ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ืš' - ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ, 'ืฉื•ื ืื™ืš' - ืขืฉื•. ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื™ื›ื” ื”ืชื ื‘ื ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ืœืขืชื™ื“ ื•ืืžืจ: 'ืชืจื•ื ื™ื“ืš ืขืœ ืฆืจื™ืš ื•ื›ืœ ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ืš ื™ื›ืจืชื•' (ืžื™ื›ื” ื”, ื—), ื•ื”ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉื•ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ืชื—ืชื™ื”ืŸ ื•ืžืคื•ื–ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ. ื•ืžื” ืฉื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ 'ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ืš' ืขืœ ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ ื•'ืฉื•ื ืื™ืš' ืขืœ ืขืฉื•, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืื•ื™ื‘ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื•ื ื, ื›ื™ ื”ืฉื•ื ื ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื™ืจื™ืข ืœื• ื™ืขืฉื” ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ื”ืจื—ืžื ื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื•ื™ื‘ ื”ื•ื ืฉื‘ืœื‘ื• ืื™ื‘ื” ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช, ืœื ื™ืฉื™ื ืœื• ืจื—ืžื™ื, ืขืœ ื–ืงืŸ ื™ื›ื‘ื™ื“ ืขื•ืœื• ืžืื“".


ื•ึฐืึตื™ืŸ ืœึธืšึฐ ื’ึผึธืœื•ึผืช ืงึธืฉืึธื” ืœึฐื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ื’ึผึธืœื•ึผืช ื™ึดืฉืึฐืžึธืขึตืืœ


ื•ื›ืŸ ืืžืจื• ืจื‘ื™ื ื›ื™ ืืฃ ืฉื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื”ื ืืฆื™ื ืจืฆื—ื• ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื, ื”ื ืœื ื”ืชืงืจื‘ื• ืœืื›ื–ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืœืจืฉืข ืฉื—ื•ื•ื™ื ื• ื‘ืฉืžื—ืช ืชื•ืจื”. ื›ืš ื›ืชื‘ ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื (ื•ื™ืงืจื ืคืจืง ื• ืคืกื•ืง ื‘) "ืขืœ ืืฉืจ ืขื™ื ื•ื ื• ื‘ื ื™ ืขื•ืœื” ื•ื™ืกืจื•ื ื• ื‘ื™ืกื•ืจื™ ื ืงืžื” ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืžืขืจื‘ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ื›ื•ืก ืžืจ ืฉืœื ื”ื˜ืขื™ืžื• ืชืžื™ื“ ื•ื›ื•'" ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืจื—ืžื™ื ื•ื”ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืฉื™ื ืžื’ืœื•ืช ืžืฆืจื™ื. "ื•ื”ืŸ ื’ืœื•ืช ื™ืฉืžืขืืœื™ื ืืฉืจื™ ืžื™ ืฉืœื ืจืื ืžืฉืขื‘ื“ื™ื ื•ืžืžืจืจื™ื ื—ื™ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืœื ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ืชื ื• ืฉื›ืจ ืืœื ืขื•ื“ ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืžืžื ื• ืžื“ื•ื“ ื•ื”ื‘ื ื•ืขื•ื“ ืื“ื ื ื’ื–ืœ ื‘ืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื•, ื•ื”ื ืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืžืžื ื• ืžื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื•, ื•ื›ื•ืก ื–ื” ื™ืฉืงื•ื”ื• ืขื“ ืฉื™ืžื•ืช".


ื•ื›ืš ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื–ื•ื”ืจ: "ื•ึฐืฉืึดืคึฐื—ึธื” ื›ึผึดื™ ืชึดื™ืจึทืฉื ื’ึผึฐื‘ึดื™ืจึฐืชึผึธื”ึผ, ื“ึผึธื ื”ึธื’ึธืจ, ื“ึผึฐืื•ึนืœึดื™ื“ึทืช ืœึฐื™ึดืฉืึฐืžึธืขึตืืœ, ืฉืึถืขึธืฉื‚ึธื” ื›ึผึทืžึผึธื” ืจึธืขื•ึนืช ืœึฐื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ, ื•ึฐืฉืึธืœึทื˜ ื‘ึผึธื”ึถื, ื•ึฐืขึดื™ื ึผึธื” ืื•ึนืชึธื ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ืžึดื™ื ึตื™ ืขึดื ึผื•ึผื™ึดื™ืŸ, ื•ึฐื’ึธื–ึทืจ ืขึฒืœึตื™ื”ึถื ื›ึผึทืžึผึธื” ืฉืึฐืžึธื“ื•ึนืช, ื•ึฐืขึทื“ ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึตื ืฉืื•ึนืœึฐื˜ึดื™ื ืขึฒืœึตื™ื”ึถื, ื•ึฐืึตื™ื ึธื ืžึทื ึผึดื™ื—ึดื™ื ืœึธื”ึถื ืœึทืขึฒืžื•ึนื“ ื‘ึผึฐื“ึธืชึธื. ื•ึฐืึตื™ืŸ ืœึธืšึฐ ื’ึผึธืœื•ึผืช ืงึธืฉืึธื” ืœึฐื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ื’ึผึธืœื•ึผืช ื™ึดืฉืึฐืžึธืขึตืืœ"โ€ (ื—ืœืง ื‘ ื“ืฃ ื™ื–/ื).


ืคืจืฉืช ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื•ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”


ืชื™ืื•ืจ ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”


ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื ื™ืฆื‘ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืคืจืฉื” ืงืฆืจื” ืฉื›ื•ืœืœืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื ื‘ื•ืื•ืช ื”ื ื—ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื. ืคืจืฉื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืคืจืฉื” ืžื•ืคืœืื”. ื”ืžืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ืžืžืฉ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉื”' ืžื•ืœืš ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื”ื™ื ื ื›ืชื‘ื” ืœืคื ื™ ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืฉืœื•ืฉืช ืืœืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื, ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืื•ืชื” ืžืชืžืžืฉืช ืœื ื’ื“ ืขื™ื ื™ื ื•. ื”ื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ืชื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืงื•ืฉื™ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื’ืœื•ืช. ื’ื ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื”ืืจืฅ "ื’ึผึธืคึฐืจึดื™ืช ื•ึธืžึถืœึทื— ืฉื‚ึฐืจึตืคึธื” ื›ึธืœ ืึทืจึฐืฆึธื”ึผ ืœึนื ืชึดื–ึผึธืจึทืข ื•ึฐืœึนื ืชึทืฆึฐืžึดื—ึท ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึทืขึฒืœึถื” ื‘ึธื”ึผ ื›ึผึธืœ ืขึตืฉื‚ึถื‘ ื›ึผึฐืžึทื”ึฐืคึผึตื›ึทืช ืกึฐื“ึนื ื•ึทืขึฒืžึนืจึธื” ืึทื“ึฐืžึธื” ื•ึผืฆึฐื‘ื•ึนื™ึดื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื”ึธืคึทืšึฐ ื”' ื‘ึผึฐืึทืคึผื•ึน ื•ึผื‘ึทื—ึฒืžึธืชื•ึน" (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ื˜). ืชื™ืื•ืจ ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ืœื”ืคืœื™ื ืœืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ื‘ืžืฉืš 1900 ืฉื ื”. ื•ื’ื ืชื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื’ืœื•ืช "ื•ึทื™ึผึดืชึผึฐืฉืึตื ื”' ืžึตืขึทืœ ืึทื“ึฐืžึธืชึธื ื‘ึผึฐืึทืฃ ื•ึผื‘ึฐื—ึตืžึธื” ื•ึผื‘ึฐืงึถืฆึถืฃ ื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ ื•ึทื™ึผึทืฉืึฐืœึดื›ึตื ืึถืœ ืึถืจึถืฅ ืึฒื—ึถืจึถืช ื›ึผึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทื–ึผึถื”".


ื‘ืจื›ื” ื•ืงืœืœื” ื‘ืฉืœื‘ื™ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื”


ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ืฉืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื›ืชื•ื‘ "ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ื›ึดื™ ื™ึธื‘ึนืื•ึผ ืขึธืœึถื™ืšึธ ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทื“ึผึฐื‘ึธืจึดื™ื ื”ึธืึตืœึผึถื” ื”ึทื‘ึผึฐืจึธื›ึธื” ื•ึฐื”ึทืงึผึฐืœึธืœึธื” ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื ึธืชึทืชึผึดื™ ืœึฐืคึธื ึถื™ืšึธ". ื•ืฉื•ืืœ ื”ืžื”ืจ"ื ืืœืฉื™ืš: ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืงืœืœื” ื‘ื’ืœื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืœืžื” ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื”ืชืคืงื—ื•ืช ืชื‘ื•ื ื›ืฉื ืจืื” ืืช ื”ืงืœืœื” ื•ื”ื‘ืจื›ื”?


ื•ืจืื™ืชื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื ื” ื”ืœื›ื•ืช (ื˜ื• ืจื™ื’) ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื›ื™ ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืžืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ื”, ื•ื”ืงืœืœื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ ืœืžื™ ืฉื ืฉืืจ ืฉื. "ื•ื ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื ื• ื‘ืขื•ื "ื” (ื‘ืขื•ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื”ืจื‘ื™ื) ืชืงื™ื ื”ืืจืฅ ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืืจืฅ ื”ื ืืฆื™ื ื”ืืจื•ืจื™ื ื”ืจื•ืฆื—ื™ื ื”ืจื’ื• ื•ืฉืจืคื• ืื•ืชื ื• ืฉืืคื™' ืœืงื‘ื•ืจื” ืœื ื‘ืื• ื‘ืขื•ื "ื”. ื•ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”'  ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ืฉืืจื• ืœืคืœื™ื˜ื” ืขื“ ื‘ื ื’ื•ืืœ ืฆื“ืง". ื•ืขื•ื“ ื›ืชื‘ "ื•ื‘ืขื•ื "ื” ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืžื—ื ื•ืช ืืœื• ื•ืจืื™ื ื• ื”ืื™ืš ื”ืจื’ื• ื•ืฉืจืคื• ืžื™ืœื™ืื ื™ื ืžืื—ื™ื ื•ื  ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืจืง ืื•ื“ื™ื ืžื•ืฆืœื™ื ืžืืฉ ื ืฉืืจื• ื•ื™ืชื•ืžื™ื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืœื™ ืื‘ ื•ืื".


ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ ืœืขื•ืžืช ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ: "ื•ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืคื ื™ื ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ืฉื ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ื–ืžื ื™ื ื• ืจื‘ื‘ื•ืช ืžืื—ื™ื ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืืจืฆื™ื ื• ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื›ืœื ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ืœื•ืžื“ื™ ืชื•ืจื” ืœืฉืžื” ื•ืฉื•ืžืจื™ ืชื•ืจื” ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืืœืคื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืžื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช, ื›ื•ืœืœื™ ืื‘ืจื›ื™ื ืœืจื‘ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืก"ื“ ื•ื›ื•'. ื•ื‘ืืžืช ืจืื™ื ื• ื›ื™ ื”ืงืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ื "ื” ื ืชืงื™ื™ืžื” ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื•ื”ื”ืฉื›ืœื” ืฉืœ ื’ืจืžื ื™ื ื’ืจืžื” ืœื›ืœื•ืช ื—"ื• ื›ืœ ืงื”ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื’ืขืจืžืื ื™ื ื•ื’ื ื‘ืกื•ื“ืขื˜ืขืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ ื•ืจื•ื‘ ืžื”ื•ื ื’ืืจื™ื ื•ืžืœื™ื˜ื ื•ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“. ืื•ื™ ื ื ืœื ื• ื•ืื•ื™ ืœืขื™ื ื™ื ืฉื›ืš ืจืื• ืืฉืจ ืข"ืค ื“ืจืš ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื"ื ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืืœื•". ื›ืฉืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื‘ืจื›ื”. ื•ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ ืœื”ืคืš ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื•ื‘ื ื” ืฉืžื‘ื™ืื” ืืช ื”ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”.


ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื ืคืฉ


ื”ืžื”ืจ"ื ืืœืฉื™ืš ืžื“ื™ื™ืง ืืช ืฉืœื‘ื™ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื•ืื•ืžืจ ื›ื™ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืื” ื‘ืฉืœื‘ื™ื. ื›ืฉืจื•ืื™ื ื’ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ื•ื’ื ืืช ื”ืงืœืœื” ืžืชืขื•ืจืจื™ื ืœืขืœื•ืช ื•ืœืฉื•ื‘ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื›ืœืœื™ืช ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื’ื ืงื™ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช. ืฉื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื›ืชื•ื‘ "ื•ึฐืฉืึทื‘ึฐืชึผึธ ืขึทื“ ื”' ืึฑืœึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ ื•ึฐืฉืึธืžึทืขึฐืชึผึธ ื‘ึฐืงึนืœื•ึน ื›ึผึฐื›ึนืœ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืึธื ึนื›ึดื™ ืžึฐืฆึทื•ึผึฐืšึธ ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ืึทืชึผึธื” ื•ึผื‘ึธื ึถื™ืšึธ ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ืœึฐื‘ึธื‘ึฐืšึธ ื•ึผื‘ึฐื›ึธืœ ื ึทืคึฐืฉืึถืšึธ" (ืœ ื‘). ื•ืื—"ื› ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ื’ื ืื”ื‘ืช ื”' "ื•ึผืžึธืœ ื”' ืึฑืœึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ ืึถืช ืœึฐื‘ึธื‘ึฐืšึธ ื•ึฐืึถืช ืœึฐื‘ึทื‘ ื–ึทืจึฐืขึถืšึธ ืœึฐืึทื”ึฒื‘ึธื” ืึถืช ื”' ืึฑืœึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ืœึฐื‘ึธื‘ึฐืšึธ ื•ึผื‘ึฐื›ึธืœ ื ึทืคึฐืฉืึฐืšึธ ืœึฐืžึทืขึทืŸ ื—ึทื™ึผึถื™ืšึธ" (ืœ ื•).


ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืชื™ืจืื” ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ื”ื–ืืช? ืขื•ื ื” ื”ืืœืฉื™ืš ืฉืฆื•ืจื” ืžืกื•ืชืจืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืฉืžื•ืกืจื™ื ื ืคืฉ ืื—ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื•ืขืœ ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ "ื•ืื– ืชื”ื™ื” ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœื™ืžื” ืžืื”ื‘ื” ื›ื™ ื ืžืกื•ืจ ืขืฆืžื ื• ืขืœ ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืฉืžื• ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ืžืื”ื‘ื” ืžืกื•ืชืจืช, ื›ื™ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืฉืขื” ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืื—ืจื™ืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื™ืžื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ืœืื”ื‘ื” ืื•ืชื• ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ื‘ื›ืœ ืœื‘ื‘ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ื ืฉืืจ ื‘ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื™ืืžืจ ืœื•".


ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช


ื”ืฉืœื‘ ื”ื‘ื ื”ื•ื ืงื™ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช. ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ "ื•ึฐืึทืชึผึธื” ืชึธืฉืื•ึผื‘ ื•ึฐืฉืึธืžึทืขึฐืชึผึธ ื‘ึผึฐืงื•ึนืœ ื”' ื•ึฐืขึธืฉื‚ึดื™ืชึธ ืึถืช ื›ึผึธืœ ืžึดืฆึฐื•ึนืชึธื™ื• ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืึธื ึนื›ึดื™ ืžึฐืฆึทื•ึผึฐืšึธ ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื" (ืœ ื—). ื•ื›ืš ืžื“ื™ื™ืง ื”ืžื”ืจ"ื ืืœืฉื™ืš ื•ืžื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืžื‘ื™ืช ืฉื ื™, ืฉื‘ื’ืœื•ืช ืœื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ื• ื ืฉื•ืื™ื ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ื•ืœื ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื‘ืช ื•ื›ื“'. ื•ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืกื•ื›ื” ืจืง ื›ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื›ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ื ื—ืžื™ื” ืคืจืง ื—' ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื. ื•ื›ืš ื™ื”ื™ื” ื’ื ื‘ื’ืื•ืœื” ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื”.


ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ


ื›ืš ื›ืชื‘ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื ืชืŸ ืื™ื™ื‘ืฉื™ืฅ ื‘ืกืคืจื• ืื”ื‘ืช ื™ื”ื•ื ืชืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื” (ื”ืคื˜ืจืช ื‘ืœืง) ื›ื™ ื™ืขื‘ืจื• ืขืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืฆืจื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœื ื™ืขื–ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ, ื•ื–ื• ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœื”ื, ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืžื”ืืจืฅ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื™ืžื™ ื‘ื™ืช ืจืืฉื•ืŸ. "ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืขื‘ืจื• ืขืœื™ื”ื ื›ืžื” ื•ื›ืžื” ืฆืจื•ืช ื•ืืค"ื” ืœื ื™ืขื–ื‘ื• ืืช ื”' ื•ืืช ื ื—ืœืชื ืืจืฅ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืชื•ื‘"ื‘. ื•ื–ื”ื• ื™ื”ื™ื” ืขื™ืงืจ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื ื›ื™ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืžืงื•ื ื•ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืžืขืฉื”. ื•ืขื™ืงืจ ื—ื˜ืื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื™ืจื™ื“ืชืŸ ืœืžืฆืจื™ื ื›ืžืฉ"ื” ื”ื•ื™ ื”ื™ื•ืจื“ื™ื ืžืฆืจื™ื ืœืขื–ืจื”. ื•ื ืฉืชืจื‘ื‘ ืžื–ืืช ื—ื˜ืื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ืœื›ืš ืชื”ื™' ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืฉืœื ื™ื ื˜ืฉื• ืืช ื ื—ืœืชื" (ืžื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืื ื”ื‘ื ื™ื ืฉืžื—ื” / ืคืจืง ืฉื ื™ / ื—).


ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืื—ืช ื›ืชื™ืงื ื” ืžื–ื›ื” ืื“ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื


ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื™ืฉืฉื›ืจ ื˜ื™ื™ื›ื˜ืœ ื”ื™"ื“ ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืกืคืจื• "ืื ื”ื‘ื ื™ื ืฉืžื—ื”" (ืคืจืง ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื™ื–) ื‘ืฉื ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืืœืงืœืขื™, ืชืœืžื™ื“ื• ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ, ื‘ืขืœ "ืคืœื ื™ื•ืขืฅ" ื–"ืœ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืžื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืฉื‘ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืื—ืช ื›ืชื™ืงื•ื ื” - ื™ื–ื›ื” ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื. ืฉื ืืžืจ "ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืฉื” ืžืฆื•ื” ืื—ืช ืžื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื• ื•ืžืืจื™ื›ื™ืŸ ืœื• ื™ืžื™ื• ื•ื ื•ื—ืœ ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ื›ืœ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื” ืžืฆื•ื” ืื—ืช ืื™ืŸ ืžื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื• ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžืืจื™ื›ื™ืŸ ืœื• ื™ืžื™ื• ื•ืื™ื ื• ื ื•ื—ืœ ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ". ื•ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื‘ืขืœืช ืขืจืš ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื›ืžื• ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืจืžื•ื– ื‘ืžืฉื ื”, ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืฉืฉืงื•ืœื” ื›ืžื• ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื•ืœื”. ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื”ืคืœื ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื‘ืฉื ื”ืจืฉ"ืฉ.


ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ืœื’ืื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื™ื‘ืืก ื–ืฆื•ืง"ืœ


ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื™ื‘ืืก ื–ืฆื•ืง"ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืฆืืฆื ืœืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื–ื™ืข"ื. ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื›ื™ื”ืŸ ื›ืจื‘ ื‘ืงื•ืจืคื• ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืขื–ื‘ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืœืš ืžืงื”ื™ืœื” ืœืงื”ื™ืœื” ืœืขื•ื“ื“ ืื ืฉื™ื ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื‘ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืงื™ื™ื ืืช ืฆื•ื•ืืช ืกื‘ื• ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืจื‘ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืŸ ืขื˜ืจ ื–ื™ืข"ื ืฉืืžืจ ื›ื™ ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจืจื• ืืช ื”ืขื.


ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื™ื‘ืืก ื”ืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื•ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœืขื•ืจืจ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ืืœืงืœืขื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื”ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•. ื•ื›ืš ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจื‘ ืืœืงืœืขื™ ื‘ื›ืžื” ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ืกืคืจื• ื›ื™ "ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืžืคื™ ืงื“ื•ืฉ, ื”ืจื‘ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืขื•ื– ื•ืžื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื”ืจ"ืจ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื™ื‘ืืก ื ืจ"ื•" ื›ื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืคืจืฉืชื ื• ื”ื™ื ืœืฉื•ื‘ ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืฉื‘ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”' ื ืงืจื 'ืžืœืš' ืืœื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ื’ื ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื ื ืงืจืื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ืžืœื›ื™ื ืืœื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืฉื‘ื—ื•"ืœ ื”ื ืžื‘ื•ื–ื™ื ื•ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ "ืงื•ึผื“ึฐืฉืึธื ื‘ึผึฐืจึดื™ืšึฐ ื”ื•ึผื ื›ึผึทื“ ืึดื™ื”ื•ึผ ืœึฐื‘ึทืจ ืžึตืึทืชึฐืจึตื™ื”ึผ, ืœึธืื• ืึดื™ื”ื•ึผ ืžึถืœึถืšึฐ. ื•ึฐื›ึทื“ ืึดืชึฐื”ึทื“ึผึธืจ ืœึฐืึทืชึฐืจึตื™ื”ึผ, (ื–ื›ืจื™ื” ื™ื“) ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ื”' ืœึฐืžึถืœึถืšึฐ. ื•ึฐื”ึธื›ึดื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ, ืึดืชึผึฐืžึทืจ ื‘ึผึฐื”ื•ึนืŸ, ื›ึผึธืœ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ืžึฐืœึธื›ึดื™ื. ื›ึผึฐื’ึทื•ึฐื•ื ึธื ื“ึผึฐืึทื‘ึผึธื, ืึดื™ื ึผื•ึผืŸ ื‘ึผึฐื ื•ึนื™. ืœึธืื• ืึดื™ื ึผื•ึผืŸ ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ืžึฐืœึธื›ึดื™ื, ืขึทื“ ื“ึผึดื™ื”ึทื“ึฐืจื•ึผืŸ ืœึฐืึทืจึฐืขึธื ื“ึผึฐื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ" (ื—ืœืง ื’ ื“ืฃ ืจืขื•/ื).


 


ืฉืึถื™ึผึดื›ึผึธืจึฐืชื•ึผ ืื•ึนื™ึฐื‘ึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื•ึฐืฉึนื•ึนื ึฐืึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ืžึฐื‘ึทืงึฐืฉืึตื™ ืจึธืขึธืชึตื ื•ึผ


ืงืจื ื•ืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื›ืจืชื™ ื•ืกื™ืœืงื ื•ืชืžืจื™


ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ืจืฉืขื” ื”ื•ื ื”ื›ื ื” ืœืžืœื›ื•ืช ื”' ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื‘ืœื™ืœ ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื›ืžื” ืžื™ื ื™ ืžืื›ืœื™ื, ื•ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืจื‘ ื”ืื™ ื’ืื•ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ืžืื›ืœื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืจื•ืžื–ื™ื ืขืœ ื›ื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื. ื›ืš ืื•ืžืจืช ื”ื’ืžืจื "ืืžืจ ืื‘ื™ื™ ื”ืฉืชื ื“ืืžืจืช ืกื™ืžื ื ืžื™ืœืชื ื”ื™ื - ื™ื”ื ืจื’ื™ืœ ืœืžื™ื—ื–ื™ (ืœืจืื•ืช) ื‘ืจื™ืฉ ืฉืชื ืงืจื ื•ืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื›ืจืชื™ ื•ืกื™ืœืงื ื•ืชืžืจื™" (ื”ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื™ื‘ ืข"ื) ืœืจืื•ืช ืงืจื โ€“ ืงื™ืฉื•ื. ื›ืจืชื™ โ€“ ืกื•ื’ ื‘ืฆืœ. ืกื™ืœืงื โ€“ ืชืจื“. ืชืžืจื™ โ€“ ืชืžืจื™ื. ื•ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ื›ืจื™ืชื•ืช (ื• ืข"ื) ื›ืชื•ื‘ "ื™ื”ื ืจื’ื™ืœ ืื™ื ื™ืฉ ืœืžื™ื›ืœ (ืœืื›ื•ืœ) ืจื™ืฉ ืฉืชื". ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžืฉืชื“ืœื™ื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืืช ื”ื™ืจืงื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•, ื•ืื ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืจืง ืจื•ืื™ื ืื•ืชื.


ื™ื™ืชืžื•, ื™ื™ื›ืจืชื• ื•ื™ืกืชืœืงื• ืžืืจืฆื ื•


ื‘ื˜ื•ืจ (ืชืงืคื’) ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื›ื™ ื”ืจืžื– ื‘ื›ืจืชื™ โ€“ ื™ื™ื›ืจืชื• ื•ื›ื•', ืกืœืงื™ ื™ืกืชืœืงื• ื›ื•', ืชืžืจื™ ื™ืชืžื• ื›ื•'. ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื›ืชื‘ ื›ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื•ืžืจ ืชืคื™ืœื” ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืžืื›ืœ ืฉืื•ื›ืœื™ื. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื‘ืจื›ื ื• ืขืœ ืชืžืจ ื•ืื›ืœื ื• ืžืขื˜ "ื™ึฐื”ึดื™ ืจึธืฆื•ึนืŸ ืžึดืœึผึฐืคึธื ึถื™ืšึธ ื”' ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื•ึตืืœึนื”ึตื™ ืึฒื‘ื•ึนืชึตื™ื ื•ึผ, ืฉืึถื™ึผึดืชึผึทืžึผื•ึผ ืื•ึนื™ึฐื‘ึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื•ึฐืฉึนื•ึนื ึฐืึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ืžึฐื‘ึทืงึฐืฉืึตื™ ืจึธืขึธืชึตื ื•ึผ". ืขืœ ื›ืจืชื™ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืชืคื™ืœื” "ืฉืึถื™ึผึดื›ึผึธืจึฐืชื•ึผ ืื•ึนื™ึฐื‘ึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื•ึฐืฉึนื•ึนื ึฐืึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ืžึฐื‘ึทืงึฐืฉืึตื™ ืจึธืขึธืชึตื ื•ึผ" ื•ืขืœ ืกื™ืœืงื "ืฉืึถื™ึผึดืกึฐืชึผึทืœึผึฐืงื•ึผ ืื•ึนื™ึฐื‘ึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื•ึฐืฉึนื•ึนื ึฐืึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ืžึฐื‘ึทืงึฐืฉืึตื™ ืจึธืขึธืชึตื ื•ึผ".


ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ื•ืฉื•ื ืื™ื ืžืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื•ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ืฉื•ื ืื™ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื“ื™ื ื• ืœืคื™ ื—ื•ืžืจืช ื”ืžืขืฉื™ื ืฉืขืฉื” ืœืจื“ื•ืฃ ืืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ืืช ืฉื ืืชื ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื›ืžื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื ื• ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื.


ืกื™ืœื•ืง ื”ืจืฉืข โ€“ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ืžืœืš ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื


ืขืœ ื›ื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ืจืฉืข ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ื•ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืชืงื™ืขืช ืฉื•ืคืจ ื‘ืžื–ืžื•ืจ "ืœืžื ืฆื— ืœื‘ื ื™ ืงืจื—" (ืžืกื›ืช ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ืคืจืง ื™ื— ื”ืœื›ื” ื™ื) ืฉื–ื” ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืฉื•ืคืจื•ืช ื‘ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื•ืžืœื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจืžื–. ื”ืชืงื™ืขื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื™ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”' ืฉืžืชื’ืœื” "ื›ึผึธึฝืœึพื”ึธึญืขึทืžึผึดื™ื ืชึผึดืงึฐืขื•ึผึพื›ึธึ‘ืฃ ื”ึธืจึดึฅื™ืขื•ึผ ืœึตึืืœึนื”ึดึ—ื™ื ื‘ึผึฐืงึฃื•ึนืœ ืจึดื ึผึธึฝื”: ื›ึผึดึฝื™ึพื”ึฃ' ืขึถืœึฐื™ึฃื•ึนืŸ ื ื•ึนืจึธึ‘ื ืžึถึฅืœึถืšึฐ ื’ึผึธึื“ื•ึนืœ ืขึทืœึพื›ึผึธืœึพื”ึธืึธึฝืจึถืฅ". ื•ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืžืชื’ืœื” ื›ืฉืจืฉืขื” ืžืกื•ืœืงืช ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ "ื™ึทื“ึฐื‘ึผึตึฃืจ ืขึทืžึผึดึฃื™ื ืชึผึทื—ึฐืชึผึตึ‘ื™ื ื•ึผ ื•ึผึืœึฐืึปืžึผึดึ—ื™ื ืชึผึทึฃื—ึทืช ืจึทื’ึฐืœึตึฝื™ื ื•ึผ: ื™ึดื‘ึฐื—ึทืจึพืœึธึฅื ื•ึผ ืึถืชึพื ึทื—ึฒืœึธืชึตึ‘ื ื•ึผ ืึถึฅืช ื’ึผึฐืึจื•ึนืŸ ื™ึทืขึฒืงึนึ–ื‘ ืึฒืฉืึถืจึพืึธื”ึตึฃื‘ ืกึถึฝืœึธื”".


ื”ื“ื‘ืจืช ื”ืฉื•ื ืื™ื ื•ื™ืจื•ืฉืช ื”ืืจืฅ ืžืœืžื“ืช ืฉื”' ื–ื•ื›ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ืจืช ืืช ืื‘ืจื”ื ื•ืฉื‘ื•ืขืชื• ืœื™ืฆื—ืง ื•ื™ืขืžื™ื“ื” ืœื™ืขืงื‘ ืœื—ืง ืœืืžืจ ืœืš ืืชืŸ ืืจืฅ ื›ื ืขืŸ ื—ื‘ืœ ื ื—ืœืชื›ื. ื•ื›ืš ื ืฉื‘ืข ื”' ืœืื‘ืจื”ื "ื•ื™ื™ืจืฉ ื–ืจืขืš ืืช ืฉืขืจ ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื•". ื•ื›ืฉื–ื” ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืฉื”' ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืœืš ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื.


ืึทื ึฐืชึผึฐ ื”ื•ึผื ืฉืึทืœึผึดื™ื˜ ืขึทืœ ื›ึผึนืœึธื ืึทื ึฐืชึผึฐ ื”ื•ึผื ื“ึฐืฉืึทืœึผึดื™ื˜ ืขึทืœ ืžึทืœึฐื›ึทื™ึผึธื ื•ึผืžึทืœึฐื›ื•ึผืชึธื ื“ึดื™ืœึธืšึฐ ื”ึดื™ื


ื‘ืคืจืง ื”ื–ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืฉื—ื–ืจืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืืจืฆื• ื ืขืฉื™ืช ื‘ื”ืกื›ืžืช ืจื•ื‘ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืžืกื›ื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื™ื—ื–ืจื• ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉื›ืš ื”ื™ื” ืื—ืจื™ ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”, ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื” ื—ืœืฉ ื•ืžืคื•ื–ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืžื™ื, ื›ืžืขื˜ ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืœืืจืฅ ื•ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ื›ื•ืœื ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ืœืชืช ืืช ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืžืžืฉ ืžืชื’ืœื” ืื™ืš "ืžึธืœึทึฃืšึฐ ืึฑึญืœึนื”ึดื™ื ืขึทืœึพื’ึผื•ึนื™ึดึ‘ื ืึฑึืœึนื”ึดึ—ื™ื ื™ึธืฉืึทึคื‘ื€ ืขึทืœึพื›ึผึดืกึผึตึฌื ืงึธื“ึฐืฉืึฝื•ึน". ื›ืš ืงืจื” ื’ื ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื”ืื•"ื ืขืœ ื ืชื™ื ืช ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื›"ื˜ ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ ืชืฉ"ื—, ืฉืฉื•ื ืื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื›ืžื• ืกื˜ืืœื™ืŸ ืคืชืื•ื ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉืจื• ื›ืžื• ืคืจืขื” ื•ื”ืกื›ื™ืžื• ืœื”ืงืžืช ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื›ืš ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉืจ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืžืจื™ืงื ื™ ื”ืืจื™ ื˜ืจื•ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ื‘ืคืชืข ืคืชืื•ื ืืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืจื•ื–ื•ื•ืœื˜ ื•ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœืœื›ืช ื›ื ื’ื“ ื›ืœ ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ื• ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ืœืชืช ืืช ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืืœื "ืึทื ึฐืชึผึฐ ื”ื•ึผื ืฉืึทืœึผึดื™ื˜ ืขึทืœ ื›ึผึนืœึธื ืึทื ึฐืชึผึฐ ื”ื•ึผื ื“ึฐืฉืึทืœึผึดื™ื˜ ืขึทืœ ืžึทืœึฐื›ึทื™ึผึธื ื•ึผืžึทืœึฐื›ื•ึผืชึธื ื“ึดื™ืœึธืšึฐ ื”ึดื™ื".


ืื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืจืฉืขื™ื - ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืžืœื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืฉื•ืคืจื•ืช


ืื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืจืฉืข ื‘ืžืœื›ื•ื™ื•ืช


ืื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืจืฉืขื™ื ื”ื•ื ืชื ืื™ ืœืžืœื›ื•ืช ื”', ืœื›ืŸ ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ืขืœ ื”ื›ืจืชืช ื”ืจืฉืขื”. ืœื›ืŸ ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืœื›ื•ื™ื•ืช "ืขึทืœ ื›ึผึตืŸ ื ึฐืงึทื•ึผึถื” ืœึธืšึฐ ื”' ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ื ื•ึผ ืœึดืจึฐืื•ึนืช ืžึฐื”ึตืจึธื” ื‘ึผึฐืชึดืคึฐืึถืจึถืช ืขึปื–ึผึธืšึฐ ืœึฐื”ึทืขึฒื‘ึดื™ืจ ื’ึผึดืœึผื•ึผืœึดื™ื ืžึดืŸ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื•ึฐื”ึธืึฑืœึดื™ืœึดื™ื ื›ึผึธืจื•ึนืช ื™ึดื›ึผึธืจึตืชื•ึผืŸ. ืœึฐืชึทืงึผึตืŸ ืขื•ึนืœึธื ื‘ึผึฐืžึทืœึฐื›ื•ึผืช ืฉืึทื“ึผึทื™. ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ื‘ึธืฉึนึธืจ ื™ึดืงึฐืจึฐืื•ึผ ื‘ึดืฉืึฐืžึถืšึธ". ื•ื›ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื™ื "ื•ึฐืขึธืœื•ึผ ืžื•ึนืฉืึดื™ืขึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐื”ึทืจ ืฆึดื™ึผื•ึนืŸ ืœึดืฉืึฐืคึผึนื˜ ืึถืช ื”ึทืจ ืขึตืฉึนึธื•, ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึฐืชึธื” ืœื”' ื”ึทืžึผึฐืœื•ึผื›ึธื”".


ืื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืจืฉืข ื‘ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช


ื‘ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืื ื• ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ืฉื”ื—ืœื” ื‘ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช. "ื•ึทื™ึผึดืฉืึฐืžึทืข ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ืึถืช ื ึทืึฒืงึธืชึธื, ื•ึทื™ึผึดื–ึฐื›ึผึนืจ ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ืึถืช ื‘ึผึฐืจึดื™ืชื•ึน ืึถืช ืึทื‘ึฐืจึธื”ึธื ืึถืช ื™ึดืฆึฐื—ึธืง ื•ึฐืึถืช ื™ึทืขึฒืงึนื‘", ื•ืื– ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืคืจืขื” ืืช ืขืฉืจืช ื”ืžื›ื•ืช, ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ื•ื ื•ื›ืœ ื—ื™ืœื•  ื‘ื™ื ืกื•ืฃ, ื•ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฉืขื” ืœืงื• ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื.


ืื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืจืฉืข ื‘ืฉื•ืคืจื•ืช


ื•ื‘ืฉื•ืคืจื•ืช ืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื "ื•ึทึฝื”ึ™' ืขึฒืœึตื™ื”ึถึฃื ื™ึตึฝืจึธืึถึ”ื” ื•ึฐื™ึธืฆึธึฅื ื›ึทื‘ึผึธืจึธึ–ืง ื—ึดืฆึผึ‘ื•ึน ื•ึทึฝื-ื“ึนื ึธึคื™ ื”ึ™' ื‘ึผึทืฉึผืื•ึนืคึธึฃืจ ื™ึดืชึฐืงึธึ”ืข ื•ึฐื”ึธืœึทึ–ืšึฐ ื‘ึผึฐืกึทืขึฒืจึฅื•ึนืช ืชึผึตื™ืžึธึฝืŸ". ื•ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ ืื•ืžืจ ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ื–ื›ืจื™ื” "ื›ึผึดึฝื™ึพื“ึธืจึทึจื›ึฐืชึผึดื™ ืœึดึœื™ ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธึ—ื” ืงึถึšืฉืึถืช ืžึดืœึผึตึฃืืชึดื™ ืึถืคึฐืจึทึ”ื™ึดื ื•ึฐืขื•ึนืจึทืจึฐืชึผึดึคื™ ื‘ึธื ึทึ™ื™ึดืšึฐึ™ ืฆึดื™ึผึ”ื•ึนืŸ ืขึทืœึพื‘ึผึธื ึทึ–ื™ึดืšึฐ ื™ึธื•ึธึ‘ืŸ ื•ึฐืฉื‚ึทืžึฐืชึผึดึ–ื™ืšึฐ ื›ึผึฐื—ึถึฅืจึถื‘ ื’ึผึดื‘ึผึฝื•ึนืจ". ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืฉื”' ื”ื•ื ืื™ืฉ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื•ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืงื ื‘ื’ื•ื™ื™ื. ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ ื›ื™ ืžืœื—ืžื” ืœื”' ื‘ืขืžืœืง. ื•ื›ืŸ ื’ื ื›ืืŸ. ื•ื”ื•ื ืœื•ืงื— ืื•ืชื ื• ื›ืžื• ื”ื—ืจื‘ ืฉืœื• ื•ื›ืžื• ื”ืงืฉืช ื•ื”ื—ื™ืฆื™ื ืฉืœื•.


ืืš ื‘ืฉื•ื ื” ืžื—ืจื‘ ื•ืงืฉืช ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื•ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”, ื›ืืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืขื ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื‘ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื’ืžื•ืจ, ืชื•ืงืขื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ืคืจ ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืชื•ืงืข ื‘ืฉื•ืคืจื• ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื ืœื—ืžื™ื ื‘ืจืฉืขื” ื‘ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ืื™ืชื• ื•ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ื›ื—ืจื‘ ื•ืงืฉืช ื•ื—ื™ืฆื™ื ืฉืœื• ืœื”ื›ืจื™ืข ืืช ื”ืจืฉืข ื•ืœื”ืžืœื™ืš ืืช ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื”' ืฉืžื‘ื™ืื” ืฉืœื•ื ื•ืื•ืจ ืœืขื•ืœื.


ืจืื•ื™ ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ื›ื™ ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ื ื‘ื•ืื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืคื—ื“ ื‘ืขื–ื”: "ื•ึฐืขึทื–ึผึธื”ึ™ ื•ึฐืชึธื—ึดึฃื™ืœ ืžึฐืึนึ”ื“", ืขืœ ืื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืžืœื•ื›ื” ื‘ืขื–ื”: "ื•ึฐืึธึคื‘ึทื“ ืžึถึ™ืœึถืšึฐึ™ ืžึตึฝืขึทื–ึผึธึ”ื”", ื•ืขืœ ื”ืฉืคืœืช ื”ืคืœื™ืฉืชื™ื: "ื•ึฐื”ึดื›ึฐืจึทืชึผึดึ–ื™ ื’ึผึฐืึฅื•ึนืŸ ืคึผึฐืœึดืฉืึฐืชึผึดึฝื™ื". ื›ืœ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื”ื ืชืงื™ืขืช ื”ืฉื•ืคืจ ืฉืœ ื”' "ื•ึทึฝื-ื“ึนื ึธึคื™ ื”ึ™' ื‘ึผึทืฉึผืื•ึนืคึธึฃืจ ื™ึดืชึฐืงึธึ”ืข ื•ึฐื”ึธืœึทึ–ืšึฐ ื‘ึผึฐืกึทืขึฒืจึฅื•ึนืช ืชึผึตื™ืžึธึฝืŸ".


ื•ึฐื ึดื›ึฐืจึฐืชึธื” ืงึถืฉืึถืช ืžึดืœึฐื—ึธืžึธื” ื•ึฐื“ึดื‘ึผึถืจ ืฉืึธืœื•ึนื ืœึทื’ึผื•ึนื™ึดื


ื‘ืกื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื” ื ื‘ื•ืื” ื ืืžืจ ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื”ืฉืœืžื” ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืขื•ื“ ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช: "ื’ึผึดื™ืœึดึจื™ ืžึฐืึนึœื“ ื‘ึผึทืชึพืฆึดื™ึผึ—ื•ึนืŸ ื”ึธืจึดึ™ื™ืขึดื™ึ™ ื‘ึผึทึฃืช ื™ึฐืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึทึดึ”ื ื”ึดื ึผึตึคื” ืžึทืœึฐื›ึผึตืšึฐึ™ ื™ึธึฃื‘ื•ึนื ืœึธึ”ืšึฐ ืฆึทื“ึผึดึฅื™ืง ื•ึฐื ื•ึนืฉืึธึ–ืข ื”ึ‘ื•ึผื ืขึธื ึดื™ึ™ ื•ึฐืจึนื›ึตึฃื‘ ืขึทืœึพื—ึฒืžึ”ื•ึนืจ ื•ึฐืขึทืœึพืขึทึ–ื™ึดืจ ื‘ึผึถืŸึพืึฒืชึนื ึฝื•ึนืช: ื•ึฐื”ึดื›ึฐืจึทืชึผึดื™ึพืจึถึฃื›ึถื‘ ืžึตืึถืคึฐืจึทึ—ื™ึดื ื•ึฐืกื•ึผืกึ™ ืžึดื™ืจึฃื•ึผืฉืึธืœึทึดึ”ื ื•ึฐื ึดื›ึฐืจึฐืชึธื”ึ™ ืงึถึฃืฉืึถืช ืžึดืœึฐื—ึธืžึธึ”ื” ื•ึฐื“ึดื‘ึผึถึฅืจ ืฉืึธืœึ–ื•ึนื ืœึทื’ึผื•ึนื™ึดึ‘ื ื•ึผืžึธืฉืึฐืœื•ึนึ™ ืžึดื™ึผึธึฃื ืขึทื“ึพื™ึธึ”ื ื•ึผืžึดื ึผึธื”ึธึ–ืจ ืขึทื“ึพืึทืคึฐืกึตื™ึพืึธึฝืจึถืฅ: ื’ึผึทืึพืึทึฃืชึผึฐ ื‘ึผึฐื“ึทืึพื‘ึผึฐืจึดื™ืชึตึ—ืšึฐ ืฉืึดืœึผึทึคื—ึฐืชึผึดื™ ืึฒืกึดื™ืจึทึ™ื™ึดืšึฐึ™ ืžึดื‘ึผึ”ื•ึนืจ ืึตึฅื™ืŸ ืžึทึ–ื™ึดื ื‘ึผึฝื•ึน: ืฉืึšื•ึผื‘ื•ึผ ืœึฐื‘ึดืฆึผึธืจึ”ื•ึนืŸ ืึฒืกึดื™ืจึตึ–ื™ ื”ึทืชึผึดืงึฐื•ึธึ‘ื” ื’ึผึทืึพื”ึทื™ึผึ•ื•ึนื ืžึทื’ึผึดึฅื™ื“ ืžึดืฉืึฐื ึถึ–ื” ืึธืฉืึดึฅื™ื‘ ืœึธึฝืšึฐ". ืืžืŸ ื•ืืžืŸ.


 


ื ื™ืกื™ื ื ื•ืจืื™ื


ืžืกืคืจ ืฉืœืžื” ื‘ืจื”ื•ื: ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื—ื ืŸ ืื•ืชื™ ื‘ืงื•ืœ ืขืจื‘, ื•ืžื“ื™ ืฉื ื” ื”ื™ื• ืžื–ืžื™ื ื™ื ืื•ืชื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืชื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืื—ืช ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ื”. ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืคืจื ืกื” ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ื ื•ื™ื” ืขืœ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืชืคืœืœ ืฉื ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื ื•ืจืื™ื.


ืฉื ื” ืื—ืช ื”ืชื—ืœืคื• ืจืืฉื™ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื”, ื•ืื—ื“ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื ืขืฉื• ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ื—ื–ืŸ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื ื•ืจืื™ื, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืื•ืชื™. ื”ื ื”ืชืงืฉืจื• ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืืœื•ืœ ื•ืืžืจื• ืœื™ ืฉื”ืฉื ื” ื”ื ื™ื‘ื™ืื• ื—ื–ืŸ ืื—ืจ ื•ืฉืœื ืื‘ื•ื ืืœื™ื”ื. ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืžืกืคื™ืง ื–ืžืŸ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืื—ืจืช ืฉืชื™ืงื— ืื•ืชื™ ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื—ื–ืŸ.


ืื™ืคื” ืืžืฆื ื›ืขืช ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืื—ืจืช? ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฆืชื™ ืขื ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื–ืฆ"ืœ, ื’ื ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื–ื” ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืืœ ื”ืจื‘ ื•ืกื™ืคืจืชื™ ืœื• ืืช ื”ืžืขืฉื”. ืืžืจ ืœื™ ื”ืจื‘: ืืชื” ืชื”ื™ื” ืฉื ื”ืฉื ื” ื—ื–ืŸ. ืืœ ืชืงืฉื™ื‘ ืœืžื” ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœืš. ืชืงื ื” ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.


ื”ื–ืžื ืชื™ ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ื ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืžืจ ืœื™ ื”ืจื‘, ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืชืงืฉืจืชื™ ืœืจืืฉื™ ื”ืงื”ืœ ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ื” ื•ืฉืืœืชื™ ื”ืื ื”ื ื ืฉืืจื• ื‘ื“ืขืชื ืฉืœื ืื‘ื•ื. ืืžืจื• ืœื™ ืจืืฉื™ ื”ืงื”ืœ ืฉื–ื” ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืกื’ื•ืจ, ื”ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ืžื™ื ื• ื—ื–ื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืฉืืชืงืฉืจ ืืœื™ื”ื ืคืขื ื ื•ืกืคืช.


ืคื ื™ืชื™ ืฉื•ื‘ ืืœ ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ืฉืืœื” ื”ืื ืœื—ืคืฉ ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืื—ืจืช, ื•ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืœื™: ื”ืจื™ ืืžืจืชื™ ืœืš, ืืชื” ืชื”ื™ื” ื”ืฉื ื” ื—ื–ืŸ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ื™ื™ืช ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ื•ืฉื ื”. ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™.


ืฉืžืขืชื™ ื‘ืงื•ืœ ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื•ื ื”ืจื”ื•ืจ, ืื‘ืœ ืฉื•ื ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืœื ื”ื’ื™ืข ืžื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ื”, ื•ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื ื•ืจืื™ื ืžืชืงืจื‘ื™ื.


ื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ืฉืืœื” ืื•ืชื™ ืืฉืชื™ ืžื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื”. ืืžืจืชื™ ืœื” ืžื” ืฉื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ืืžืจ ืœื™, ื•ืฉื ื™ื ื• ืฉืืœื ื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื• ืžืชื™ ื™ืชืจื—ืฉ ื”ื ืก ื”ื–ื”. ืœื ื ืฉืืจ ื–ืžืŸ.


ื™ื•ื ืœืคื ื™ ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืชืงืฉืจื• ืจืืฉื™ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื‘ื‘ื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื•ืฉืืœื• ืื•ืชื™ ืื ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ื ืœืžื—ืจ, ืœื‘ื•ื ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืืฆืœื ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื”. ื”ื ืžืฆื˜ืขืจื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืงืจื”, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื—ื–ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื ื”ื–ืžื™ื ื• ื‘ื™ื˜ืœื• ื‘ืจื’ืข ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ. ื”ืื ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข? ืืžืจืชื™ ืœื”ื ืฉืงื ื™ืชื™ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ื ืœืžื—ืจ, ื‘ื”ื•ืจืืช ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื•. ืฉื”ื›ื•ืœ ื›ื‘ืจ ืืจื•ื– ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืžื” ืœื—ืฉื•ืฉ, ืื’ื™ืข ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื–ืŸ.


ื”ืื ื–ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืœืจื‘ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” "ืจื•ื— ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ" ืื• ืฉื–ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ืจื‘ ื”ื™ื” ืฆื“ื™ืง ืฉื’ื•ื–ืจ ื•ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืžืงื™ื™ื?


 


ืœื ืชืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ื“ื ืจืขืš. ื”ืชื’ื™ื™ืกืชื™ ืœื›ืคื™ืจ ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื  ื“ืจืš ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื”ืกื“ืจ,  ื•ืœืฆืขืจื™ ื”ืจื‘ ืื ื—ื ื• ื•ืขื•ื“ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืฉืฉืžืขืชื™ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ื‘ืขืœ ื›ื•ืจื—ื ื•ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืงืฉื™ื ื‘ืฆื‘ื ื›ืžื• ืžื“ืจื™ื›ื•ืช ื›ื•ืฉืจ ื•ื™ืจื™ ืฉื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ืœื ืฆื ื•ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืงื‘ื•ืข,  ื–ืžื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืœืชืคื™ืœื•ืช  ืฉืœื ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื”,  ื™ืฆื™ืื•ืช ืœื“ืจืš ืœืคื ื™ ืชืคื™ืœื”,  ืื•ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ื‘ืจืžืช ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืคื—ื•ืชื”. ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ืžื’ืžื” ื”ื™ื ืœื ืœื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ื”ืœื›ื”, ื•ืœืฆืขืจื™ ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื ื•ืคืœื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื. ื”ืื ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“  ื•ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœืฉืจืช ื‘ืฆื‘ื? ืžื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื–ืฆ"ืœ ื‘ื ื™ื“ื•ืŸ?


 


ืืชื” ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืื ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืฆื‘ื, ื”ืจื•ืฆื—ื™ื ื”ืฉืคืœื™ื ืžืขื–ื” ื•ืžืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ ื•ืžื™ื•"ืฉ ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ืฉื—ื˜ื• ืืช ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื•ื™ืื ืกื• ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื ืขืจื•ืช, ื•ื–ื• ื‘ืขื™ื” ืงืฉื” ืžืื•ื“ ืฉืœ ืฆื ื™ืขื•ืช ื•ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ื”ืฉื ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื”. ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืื•ืชื ื• "ืœื ืชืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ื“ื ืจืขืš", ื•ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืื•ืชื ื• ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ื• ืืข"ืค ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืฆื‘ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฆื ื™ืขื•ืช. ื›ืš ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›"ื’, ื™: "ื•ื”ื™ื“ื•ืข ื‘ืžื ื”ื’ื™ ื”ืžื—ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืœืžืœื—ืžื”, ื›ื™ ื™ืื›ืœื• ื›ืœ ืชื•ืขื‘ื”, ื™ื’ื–ืœื• ื•ื™ื—ืžืกื• ื•ืœื ื™ืชื‘ื•ืฉืฉื• ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื ื™ืื•ืฃ ื•ื›ืœ ื ื‘ืœื”, ื”ื™ืฉืจ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื‘ื˜ื‘ืขื• ื™ืชืœื‘ืฉ ืื›ื–ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ื—ืžื” ื›ืฆืืช ืžื—ื ื” ืขืœ ืื•ื™ื‘ ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ื–ื”ื™ืจ ื‘ื• ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘, ื•ื ืฉืžืจืช ืžื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืจืข" ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœื ืฆื™ื•ื•ืชื” ืœื ืœื”ืชื’ื™ื™ืก ืœืฆื‘ื.


ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืชื’ื™ื™ืกื™ื ืœืฆื‘ื ื•ืœื ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื•ื ื”ืœื›ื”. ืœื”ืคืš, ื”ื ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžืื•ื“. "ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ื–ืจ ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ืขื•ื–ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื”".


ื•ื—ื™ื™ืœ ืฉื ืœื—ื ืœื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื‘ืืจื™ื›ื•ืช. ื•ืœื ืขื•ื“ ืืœื ืฉื”ื”ืœื›ื” ื”ืชื™ืจื” ืœื• ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื’ื ืื•ื›ืœ ืœื ื›ืฉืจ. ืžื—ืžืช ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื”ืฆืœื” ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ื. ื•ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืฉืชื“ืœ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื‘ื”ื™ื“ื•ืจ, ืื‘ืœ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช ืฉืœืคืขืžื™ื ื”ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื”.


ืืžื ื ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ืฆื ื™ืขื•ืช, ืฉื”ื•ื•ื™ืชื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืœื ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžืœื—ืžื”. ื’ื ื”ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ื‘ืฆื‘ื ื”ื™ื ื‘ืจืžื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื”ื™ืชืจ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื™ื“ื•ืจื™ ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ืœื ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืœื”ืคืงื™ืจ ืืช ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืจื•ืฆื—ื™ื ืืจื•ืจื™ื.


ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชื“ืœ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื™ืชืงื™ื™ืžื• ื‘ื”ื™ื“ื•ืจ. ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืœื”ืชื‘ืœื‘ืœ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื–ื” ื•ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื–ื” ืžืชื™ืจ ืœื ืœื”ืชื’ื™ื™ืก ืœืฆื‘ื. ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชื—ื–ืง ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ืฆื‘ื ืœื ืœื™ืคื•ืœ, ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœื ืœื™ืคื•ืœ ืืœื ืœื”ืชื—ื–ืง ื›ื™ ื”' ืžืชื”ืœืš ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืžื—ื ืš. ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื“ืขืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื–ืฆื•ืง"ืœ.


 


 

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