ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืžื“ื•ืจื™ื
  • ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ื™ืš
  • ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ืš - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
  • ืคืจืฉืช ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื•ืชื "ืš
  • ื—ื•ืžืฉ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื
  • ื›ื™ ืชื‘ื•ื
undefined
13 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื” โ€ข 62 ื“ืง' ืฆืคื™ื”
ืฉืจื™ืคืช ืืจืžื•ื ื•ืช ืขื–ื” ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ ื•ืชื™ืžืŸ

ื•ึฐืฉืึดืœึผึทื—ึฐืชึผึดื™ ืึตืฉื ื‘ึผึฐื—ื•ึนืžึทืช ืขึทื–ึผึธื” ื•ึฐืึธื›ึฐืœึธื” ืึทืจึฐืžึฐื ึนืชึถื™ื”ึธ
ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื ื•ืคืœื™ื ื‘ืขื–ื” ืื—ื“ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืฉื ื™, ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืคื™ืœื” ืืช ื”ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ืจื•ื—ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืจื•ืฆื—ื™ื ื”ืขื–ืชื™ื. ืขืœ ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ืžื’ื“ืœื™ ื”ืจืฉืข ื”ืœืœื• ื”ืชื ื‘ื ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ืขืžื•ืก ื•ืืžืจ "ื›ึผึนื” ืึธืžึทืจ ื”' ืขึทืœ ืฉืึฐืœืฉืึธื” ืคึผึดืฉืึฐืขึตื™ ืขึทื–ึผึธื” ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ืึทืจึฐื‘ึผึธืขึธื” ืœึนื ืึฒืฉืึดื™ื‘ึถื ึผื•ึผ ื•ื›ื•': ื•ึฐืฉืึดืœึผึทื—ึฐืชึผึดื™ ืึตืฉื ื‘ึผึฐื—ื•ึนืžึทืช ืขึทื–ึผึธื” ื•ึฐืึธื›ึฐืœึธื” ืึทืจึฐืžึฐื ึนืชึถื™ื”ึธ" ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื”ืกื•ืคื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืœืจืฉืข ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื "ื•ึฐืึธื‘ึฐื“ื•ึผ ืฉืึฐืึตืจึดื™ืช ืคึผึฐืœึดืฉืึฐืชึผึดื™ื ืึธืžึทืจ ื”' ืืœื•ืงื™ื" (ืขืžื•ืก ื).
ื—ื™ืกื•ืœ ื”ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ
ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ืขืžื•ืก ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืขืžื™ื ื”ืจืขื™ื ืฉื—ื•ื˜ืื™ื ืคืขื ืื—ืจ ืคืขื ื•ืœื ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื›ืœื•ื, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืžื™ื ื”ื—ื•ื˜ืื™ื ืชื“ื™ืจ ื ืžืฆื ื’ื ืืช ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ. ื›ืื– ื’ื ืขืชื”, ื”ื ื˜ื•ืขื™ื ื•ื ืขื ืฉื™ื, ื•ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ื•ื˜ื•ืขื™ื ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื ืขื ืฉื™ื. "ื›ึผึนื” ืึธืžึทืจ ื”' ืขึทืœ ืฉืึฐืœืฉืึธื” ืคึผึดืฉืึฐืขึตื™ ืฆึนืจ ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ืึทืจึฐื‘ึผึธืขึธื” ืœึนื ืึฒืฉืึดื™ื‘ึถื ึผื•ึผ ืขึทืœ ื”ึทืกึฐื’ึผึดื™ืจึธื ื’ึผึธืœื•ึผืช ืฉืึฐืœึตืžึธื” ืœึถืึฑื“ื•ึนื ื•ึฐืœึนื ื–ึธื›ึฐืจื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐืจึดื™ืช ืึทื—ึดื™ื". ื”ืขื•ื ืฉ ืฉืœ ืจืฉืขื™ ื”ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื›ืžื• ืขื•ื ืฉ ืจืฉืขื™ ืขื–ื” " ื•ึฐืฉืึดืœึผึทื—ึฐืชึผึดื™ ืึตืฉื ื‘ึผึฐื—ื•ึนืžึทืช ืฆึนืจ ื•ึฐืึธื›ึฐืœึธื” ืึทืจึฐืžึฐื ึนืชึถื™ื”ึธ". โ€“ ื ื‘ื•ืื” ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื•ืชื” ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”.
ื—ื™ืกื•ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืชื™ื ื‘ืชื™ืžืŸ
ืขื•ื“ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื—ื™ืกื•ืœ ืจืฉืขื™ ืชื™ืžืŸ ื•ืฉื‘ื™ืจืช ืืจืžื•ื ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื”ืžืคื•ืืจื™ื. ื›ืš ืื•ืžืจ ื”ื ื‘ื™ื "ื•ึฐืฉืึดืœึผึทื—ึฐืชึผึดื™ ืึตืฉื ื‘ึผึฐืชึตื™ืžึธืŸ ื•ึฐืึธื›ึฐืœึธื” ืึทืจึฐืžึฐื ื•ึนืช ื‘ึผึธืฆึฐืจึธื”". ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืคืจืฉื™ื ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืฉืชื™ืžืŸ ื”ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจืช ื”ื™ื ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืื•ื™ื‘ืช ืฉื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ื“ืจื•ื. ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉืชื™ืžืŸ ืชืฉืœื ืžื—ื™ืจ ื™ืงืจ ืขืœ ืขืงืฉื ื•ืชื”. ื”ืืฉ ืชืื›ืœ ืืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื™ื ื”ืžืคื•ืืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืชื™ืžืŸ ื›ืžื• ื”ืžื‘ื ื™ื ื”ืžืคื•ืืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื–ื” ื•ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ. ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืฉืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืœืฉืœืฉืช ื”ืขืžื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื’ืื•ื•ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืžืคื™ืœื” ืื•ืชื ืžื”ืคื— ืืœ ื”ืคื—ืช.
โ€ƒ
ืงื•ืœื• ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื•ืคืจ ื ืฉืžืข ื‘ื ืฉืžื”

ืงื•ืœ ืžืกื•ืฃ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืขื“ ืกื•ืคื• ื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ืžืขื•ืช
ื”ื ื‘ื•ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขืžื•ืก ื ืฉืžืขื•ืช ืžื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. "ื•ึทื™ึผึนืืžึทืจ ื”' ืžึดืฆึผึดื™ึผื•ึนืŸ ื™ึดืฉืึฐืึธื’ ื•ึผืžึดื™ืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึทึดื ื™ึดืชึผึตืŸ ืงื•ึนืœื•ึน". ื”ื ื‘ื•ืื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื ืืžืจื• ื‘ืฉืื’ื”, ื‘ืงื•ืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœื ื ืฉืžืข ืœืื•ื–ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช. ืžืžืฉ ื›ืžื• ื”ืฉื•ืคืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืชื•ืงืข ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื•ืœื ื ืฉืžืข ื‘ืื•ื–ืŸ. ืขืœ ื”ืงื•ืœ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื–ื” ื ืืžืจ ื”ืคืกื•ืง "ื™ึทืจึฐืขึตื ืึตืœ ื‘ึผึฐืงื•ึนืœื•ึน ื ึดืคึฐืœึธืื•ึนืช ืขึนืฉื‚ึถื” ื’ึฐื“ึนืœื•ึนืช ื•ึฐืœึนื ื ึตื“ึธืข " (ืื™ื•ื‘ ืœื–). ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื 'ืœื ื ื“ืข' ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืœื•ื™ ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ " ืฉืœืฉื” ืงื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื•ืœื›ื•ืช ืžืกื•ืฃ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืขื“ ืกื•ืคื• ื•ื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ ื•ืื™ื ืŸ ืฉื•ืžืขื•ืช ื›ืœื•ื" (ืฉืžื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ื” ื˜).
ื•ึผื‘ึฐืฉืื•ึนืคึธืจ ื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ ื™ึดืชึผึธืงึทืข. ื•ึฐืงื•ึนืœ ื“ึผึฐืžึธืžึธื” ื“ึทืงึผึธื” ื™ึดืฉึผืึธืžึทืข
ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืื–ื›ืจื™ "ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื“ืขืช ืžื” ืฉืืžืจื• ื‘ื–ื•ื”ืจ 'ื‘ืช ืงื•ืœ ื™ื•ืฆืืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื•ืžื›ืจื–ืช ืฉื•ื‘ื• ื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื'. ื•ื‘ืช ืงื•ืœ ื™ื•ืฆืืช ืžื”ืจ ื—ื•ืจื‘ ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื•ื™ื•ื ื•ืื•ืžืจืช 'ืื•ื™ ืœื”ื ืœื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ืžืขืœื‘ื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื”'. ื•ืงืฉื”, ืœืžื™ ืžื›ืจื™ื–ื™ืŸ, ื”ืœื ืื™ืŸ ืื ื• ืฉื•ืžืขื™ืŸ ื›ืœื•ื? ืืœื ื•ื“ืื™, ืืฃ ืขืœ ื’ื‘ ื“ืื™ื”ื• ืœื ื—ื–ื™ ืžื–ืœื™ื” ื—ื–ื™, ื›ื“ืื™ืชื ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ืžื’ื™ืœื”. ื”ื›ื ื ืžื™ ืืฃ ืขืœ ื’ื‘ ื“ื”ื•ื ืœื ืฉืžืข, ืžื–ืœื™ื” ืฉืžืข". ื”ื ืฉืžื” ืฉื•ืžืขืช ืืช ื”ืงื•ืœ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื–ื”. ื”ื ืฉืžื” ืฉื•ืžืขืช ื•ืžื•ืฉืคืขืช.
ื”ื ืฉืžื” ืฉื•ืžืขืช ืืช ืงื•ืœ ื”ืฉื•ืคืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ
ื›ืš ื”ื ืฉืžื” ืฉื•ืžืขืช ืืช ืงื•ืœ ื”ืฉื•ืคืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืชื•ืงืข ื•ืงื•ืจื ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื”ื™ื ืฉื•ืžืขืช ืืช ื‘ืช ื”ืงื•ืœ ืฉื™ื•ืฆืืช ืžื”ืจ ื—ื•ืจื‘ ื•ืžืชืงืจื‘ืช ืœื™ื”ื“ื•ืช. ื”ื™ื ืฉื•ืžืขืช ืืช ื”ืงื•ืœื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืžืกื•ืฃ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืขื“ ืกื•ืคื• ื•ืžืชืขื•ืจืจืช ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ืขื•ืœื. "ื•ื–ื”ื• ืฉืœืคืขืžื™ื ืžืชืขื•ืจืจ ื‘ืื“ื ืจื•ื— ื˜ื”ืจื” ืžืงื•ืœ ื”ืงื•ืจื ืœืื•ื–ืŸ ื ืฉืžืชื•, ื•ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืœื ื™ื–ื›ื” ืœื–ื” ืจืง ื”ืฉื•ืžืข ืงื•ืœ ื”ื—ื›ื ื”ืžื•ื›ื™ื—, ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ 'ื•ื”ื™ื” ืื ืฉืžื•ืข ืชืฉืžืข', ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืื ืชืฉืžืข ืœืžื•ื›ื™ื— ื‘ืื•ื–ืŸ ื‘ืฉืจ - ืชื–ื›ื” ืœืฉืžื•ืข ื‘ืื•ื–ืŸ ื”ืœื‘ ื›ืจื•ื– ืžืœื›ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื" (ืกืคืจ ื—ืจื“ื™ื ืขื’).
ื•ื”' ื ึธืชึทึคืŸ ืงื•ึนืœื•ึนึ™ ืœึดืคึฐื ึตึฃื™ ื—ึตื™ืœึ”ื•ึน ื›ึผึดึฃื™ ืจึทึคื‘ ืžึฐืึนื“ึ™ ืžึทึฝื—ึฒื ึตึ”ื”ื•ึผ ื›ึผึดึฅื™ ืขึธืฆึ–ื•ึผื ืขึนืฉื‚ึตึฃื” ื“ึฐื‘ึธืจึ‘ื•ึน
ื‘ืกืคืจ ื™ื•ืืœ ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืฉืืจื‘ื” ื‘ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื›ื ืฃ ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื ืฉืœื—ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื›ืžื• ื‘ืžื›ืช ืืจื‘ื” ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื. ื”ื—ื’ื‘ื™ื ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืฉืงื•ืœ ื”' ืฉื•ืœื— ืื•ืชื ืœื”ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื. "ื•ื”' ื ึธืชึทึคืŸ ืงื•ึนืœื•ึนึ™ ืœึดืคึฐื ึตึฃื™ ื—ึตื™ืœึ”ื•ึน ื›ึผึดึฃื™ ืจึทึคื‘ ืžึฐืึนื“ึ™ ืžึทึฝื—ึฒื ึตึ”ื”ื•ึผ ื›ึผึดึฅื™ ืขึธืฆึ–ื•ึผื ืขึนืฉื‚ึตึฃื” ื“ึฐื‘ึธืจึ‘ื•ึน ื›ึผึดึฝื™ึพื’ึธื“ึงื•ึนืœ ื™ื•ึนื ื”' ื•ึฐื ื•ึนืจึธึฅื ืžึฐืึนึ–ื“ ื•ึผืžึดึฅื™ ื™ึฐื›ึดื™ืœึถึฝื ึผื•ึผ". ืขืœ ื–ื” ื ืืžืจ "ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžืœืื›ื™ ื”ืฉืจืช ืฉืžืœืื›ื™ ื”ืฉืจืช ืื™ื ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืงื•ืœื• ืฉื ืืžืจ 'ื•ื”' ื ึธืชึทึคืŸ ืงื•ึนืœื•ึนึ™ ืœึดืคึฐื ึตึฃื™ ื—ึตื™ืœึ”ื•ึน' โ€“ ืืœื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื ื‘ื”ืœื™ืŸ. ื•ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืงื•ืœื• ื•ื›ื•' ืขืœื™ื”ื ื ืืžืจ "ื›ึผึดึฅื™ ืขึธืฆึ–ื•ึผื ืขึนืฉื‚ึตึฃื” ื“ึฐื‘ึธืจึ‘ื•ึน โ€“ ื–ื” ืฆื“ื™ืง ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืฆืจื•". ื•ืœื›ืŸ "ืงืฉื” ื›ื—ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืงื•ืœื•" (ืžื“ืจืฉ ืชื ื—ื•ืžื ื•ื™ืงืจื โ€“ ืคืจืง ื).
ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ ื ื—ืœืง ืœืฉื ื™ ืงื•ืœื•ืช

ื’ืื•ืœื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ืœืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื•
ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉื "ืืžืจ ืจ' ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉืืžืจ ืœื• ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ืœืžืฉื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ืŸ ืœืš ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืฆืจื™ืžื”, ื ื—ืœืง ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืฉื ื™ ืงื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื ืขืฉื” ื“ื• ืคืจืฆื•ืคื™ืŸ ื•ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉื” ืฉื•ืžืข ื‘ืžื“ื™ืŸ 'ืœืš ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืฆืจื™ืžื”', ื•ืื”ืจืŸ ืฉื•ืžืข 'ืœืš ืœืงืจืืช ืžืฉื” ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจื”' ื”ื•ื™ 'ื™ืจืขื ืืœ ื‘ืงื•ืœื• ื ืคืœืื•ืช". ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืชื ื—ื•ืžื ื›ื™ ื›ืš ื’ื ื”ืงื•ืœ ืฉื ืฉืžืข ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ "ื“ื• ืคืจืฆื•ืคื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืฆื". ืžื™ ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ ืื•ืชื• โ€“ ืงื™ื‘ืœ ื˜ืœ ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ื. ืžื™ ืฉืœื ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจ ื”' - ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื• ื”ืจ ื›ื’ื™ื’ื™ืช ืฉืžืื™ื™ื ืœื”ื•ืจื’ื•.
ืฉื•ืคืจ ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ - ื’ืื•ืœื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ
ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืงื•ืœ ื”' ื‘ืฉื•ืคืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ื”ื•ื ืงื•ืจื ืœืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืฉื™ืขื‘ื•ื“ ืžืœื›ื•ื™ื•ืช, ืงื•ืจื ืœื ื• ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœื”ืฉืชื—ื•ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ืขื•ื“. ืžื”ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื”ืงื•ืœ ื”ื–ื” ืžืคื™ืœ ื‘ื”ืœื” ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉืขื™ื ื•ืžื›ืœื” ืืช ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืจืฉืขื” ื‘ืขืฉืŸ. ื›ืš ืžืชืืจ ื–ื›ืจื™ื” ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืงื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืฉื•ืคืจ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืฉื•ืคืจ ื”ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ืœืื•ื™ื‘ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืื•ืชื• ืฉื•ืคืจ ื•ืื•ืชื• ืงื•ืœ ืฉืžืชื—ืœืง ืœืฉื ื™ื.
ื–ื›ืจื™ื” ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืžืจ ืขืœ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื”: "ืฉืึทื‘ึฐืชึผึดื™ ืึถืœ ืฆึดื™ึผื•ึนืŸ ื•ึฐืฉืึธื›ึทื ึฐืชึผึดื™ ื‘ึผึฐืชื•ึนืšึฐ ื™ึฐืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึธึดื ื•ึฐื ึดืงึฐืจึฐืึธื” ื™ึฐืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึทึดื ืขึดื™ืจ ื”ึธืึฑืžึถืช ื•ึฐื”ึทืจ ื”' ืฆึฐื‘ึธืื•ึนืช ื”ึทืจ ื”ึทืงึผึนื“ึถืฉื: ื›ึผึนื” ืึธืžึทืจ ื”' ืฆึฐื‘ึธืื•ึนืช ืขึนื“ ื™ึตืฉืึฐื‘ื•ึผ ื–ึฐืงึตื ึดื™ื ื•ึผื–ึฐืงึตื ื•ึนืช ื‘ึผึดืจึฐื—ึนื‘ื•ึนืช ื™ึฐืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึธึดื ื•ึฐืึดื™ืฉื ืžึดืฉืึฐืขึทื ึฐืชึผื•ึน ื‘ึผึฐื™ึธื“ื•ึน ืžึตืจึนื‘ ื™ึธืžึดื™ื: ื•ึผืจึฐื—ึนื‘ื•ึนืช ื”ึธืขึดื™ืจ ื™ึดืžึผึธืœึฐืื•ึผ ื™ึฐืœึธื“ึดื™ื ื•ึดื™ืœึธื“ื•ึนืช ืžึฐืฉื‚ึทื—ึฒืงึดื™ื ื‘ึผึดืจึฐื—ึนื‘ึนืชึถื™ื”ึธ". ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืื—ืจื™ ืงื‘ื•ืฅ ื’ืœื•ื™ื•ืช " ื”ึดื ึฐื ึดื™ ืžื•ึนืฉืึดื™ืขึท ืึถืช ืขึทืžึผึดื™ ืžึตืึถืจึถืฅ ืžึดื–ึฐืจึธื— ื•ึผืžึตืึถืจึถืฅ ืžึฐื‘ื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึผืึธืžึถืฉื : ื•ึฐื”ึตื‘ึตืืชึดื™ ืึนืชึธื ื•ึฐืฉืึธื›ึฐื ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐืชื•ึนืšึฐ ื™ึฐืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึธึดื ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ืœึดื™ ืœึฐืขึธื ื•ึทืึฒื ึดื™ ืึถื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืœึธื”ึถื ืœึตืืœึนื”ึดื™ื ื‘ึผึถืึฑืžึถืช ื•ึผื‘ึดืฆึฐื“ึธืงึธื”". ื’ื ื”ืื“ืžื” ืชืชืŸ ืคืจื™ื” ื‘ื’ืื•ืœื” ื”ื–ื• " ื”ึทื’ึผึถืคึถืŸ ืชึผึดืชึผึตืŸ ืคึผึดืจึฐื™ึธื”ึผ ื•ึฐื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืชึผึดืชึผึตืŸ ืึถืช ื™ึฐื‘ื•ึผืœึธื”ึผ ื•ึฐื”ึทืฉึผืึธืžึทื™ึดื ื™ึดืชึผึฐื ื•ึผ ื˜ึทืœึผึธื " (ื–ื›ืจื™ื” ื—).
ืฉื•ืคืจ ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™ - ืžื›ื” ืœืจืฉืขื”
ืื•ืชื• ืฉื•ืคืจ ืžื›ื” ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™ ืืช ื“ืžืฉืง ื•ืืช ืขืจื™ ื”ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ. "ื•ึฐื’ึทื ื—ึฒืžึธืช ืชึผึดื’ึฐื‘ึผึธืœ ื‘ึผึธื”ึผ ืฆึนืจ ื•ึฐืฆึดื™ื“ื•ึนืŸ ื›ึผึดื™ ื—ึธื›ึฐืžึธื” ืžึฐืึนื“" ื•ื“ื™ื ื” ืœื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ " ื”ึดื ึผึตื” ืึฒื“ึนื ึธื™ ื™ื•ึนืจึดืฉืึถื ึผึธื” ื•ึฐื”ึดื›ึผึธื” ื‘ึทื™ึผึธื ื—ึตื™ืœึธื”ึผ ื•ึฐื”ึดื™ื ื‘ึผึธืึตืฉื ืชึผึตืึธื›ึตืœ" (ื–ื›ืจื™ื” ื˜) ื›ืŸ ื”' ืžื›ื” ืืช ืขึทื–ึผึธื” ืฉืชืคื—ื“ ืžืื•ื“. " ื•ึฐืึธื‘ึทื“ ืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ืžึตืขึทื–ึผึธื”" ืื‘ื“ื” ื”ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ืฉืœ ืขื–ื” ืžืชื—ืช ืœื”ืจื™ืกื•ืช, "ื•ึฐื”ึดื›ึฐืจึทืชึผึดื™ ื’ึผึฐืื•ึนืŸ ืคึผึฐืœึดืฉืึฐืชึผึดื™ื" ื”ื’ืื•ื•ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืœื”ื ื ืฉื‘ืจืช. "ื•ึทื”ึฒืกึดืจึนืชึดื™ ื“ึธืžึธื™ื• ืžึดืคึผึดื™ื• ื•ึฐืฉืึดืงึผึปืฆึธื™ื• ืžึดื‘ึผึตื™ืŸ ืฉืึดื ึผึธื™ื• ื•ึฐื ึดืฉืึฐืึทืจ ื’ึผึทื ื”ื•ึผื ืœึตืืœึนื”ึตื™ื ื•ึผ" . ื›ืœ ื ื™ืฆื•ืฆื•ืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžื•ืกืชืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื™ืขื‘ืจื• ืœืฉืจืช ืืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ.
ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื™ืจืื• ื•ื™ืฉืžื—ื•
ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืžื•ื— ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ืฉืจ ืืช ื‘ื ื”ื’ื•ืืœ ืฉื›ืš ื ืืžืจ ื‘ื ื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจ ื›ืš "ื’ึผึดื™ืœึดื™ ืžึฐืึนื“ ื‘ึผึทืช ืฆึดื™ึผื•ึนืŸ ื”ึธืจึดื™ืขึดื™ ื‘ึผึทืช ื™ึฐืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึทึดื ื”ึดื ึผึตื” ืžึทืœึฐื›ึผึตืšึฐ ื™ึธื‘ื•ึนื ืœึธืšึฐ ืฆึทื“ึผึดื™ืง ื•ึฐื ื•ึนืฉืึธืข ื”ื•ึผื ืขึธื ึดื™ ื•ึฐืจึนื›ึตื‘ ืขึทืœ ื—ึฒืžื•ึนืจ". ืขืœ ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ืจืฉืข ืœื’ืื•ืœื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื "ื•ึผื‘ึฐื›ึตืŸ ืฆึทื“ึผึดื™ืงึดื™ื ื™ึดืจึฐืื•ึผ ื•ึฐื™ึดืฉึนึฐืžึธื—ื•ึผ ื•ึดื™ืฉืึธืจึดื™ื ื™ึทืขึฒืœึนื–ื•ึผ. ื•ึทื—ึฒืกึดื™ื“ึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐืจึดื ึผึธื” ื™ึธื’ึดื™ืœื•ึผ. ื•ึฐืขื•ึนืœึธืชึธื” ืชึดืงึฐืคึผึนืฅ ืคึผึดื™ื”ึธ. ื•ึฐื”ึธืจึดืฉืึฐืขึธื” ื›ึปืœึผึธื”ึผ ื‘ึผึถืขึธืฉืึธืŸ ืชึผึดื›ึฐืœึถื”. ื›ึผึดื™ ืชึทืขึฒื‘ึดื™ืจ ืžึถืžึฐืฉืึถืœึถืช ื–ึธื“ื•ึนืŸ ืžึดืŸ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ". ืฉื–ืืช ืคืขื•ืœืช ื”ืฉื•ืคืจ ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ืžื›ืจื™ืช ืืช ื”ืจืฉืข ื•ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™ ืžืขืœื” ื•ืžืจื•ืžื ืืช ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื™ื—.
ืชืงื™ืขืช ืฉื•ืคืจ ืฉืžืจืกืงืช ืืช ืชื™ืžืŸ
ื–ื›ืจื™ื” ืื•ืžืจ ื›ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื ื›ืžื• ื—ืจื‘ื• ืฉืœ ื”' ืฉืžื›ื” ืืช ื”ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื. ืžืชืืจ ืฉื”' ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ืžื• ื—ืจื‘ ื‘ื™ื“ ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ "ื•ึฐืฉื‚ึทืžึฐืชึผึดื™ืšึฐ ื›ึผึฐื—ึถืจึถื‘ ื’ึผึดื‘ึผื•ึนืจ". ื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืงืฉืช ื•ื—ื™ืฆื™ื ืฉืœ ื”' ื”ืคื•ื’ืขื™ื ื‘ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื• ืฉื”ื ื’ื ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ื•. "ื›ึผึดื™ ื“ึธืจึทื›ึฐืชึผึดื™ ืœึดื™ ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธื” ืงึถืฉืึถืช ืžึดืœึผึตืืชึดื™ ืึถืคึฐืจึทื™ึดื ื•ึฐืขื•ึนืจึทืจึฐืชึผึดื™ ื‘ึธื ึทื™ึดืšึฐ ืฆึดื™ึผื•ึนืŸ ืขึทืœ ื‘ึผึธื ึทื™ึดืšึฐ ื™ึธื•ึธืŸ ื•ึฐืฉื‚ึทืžึฐืชึผึดื™ืšึฐ ื›ึผึฐื—ึถืจึถื‘ ื’ึผึดื‘ึผื•ึนืจ". ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ื–ืืช ื”' ื™ืชืงืข ื‘ืฉื•ืคืจ " ื•ึทื”' ืขึฒืœึตื™ื”ึถื ื™ึตืจึธืึถื” ื•ึฐื™ึธืฆึธื ื›ึทื‘ึผึธืจึธืง ื—ึดืฆึผื•ึน ื•ึทื-ื“ึนื ึธื™ ื”' ื‘ึผึทืฉึผืื•ึนืคึธืจ ื™ึดืชึฐืงึธืข ื•ึฐื”ึธืœึทืšึฐ ื‘ึผึฐืกึทืขึฒืจื•ึนืช ืชึผึตื™ืžึธืŸ". ื—ืฅ ื”' ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ืฆื ืœื”ื›ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืชื™ื ื•ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจื•. ื•ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ื”ืกื‘ืจ ื”ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืืœื™ื•.
ืฉื•ืคืจ ืฉืžื—ื–ืง ืืช ื’ื‘ื•ืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ
ืขื•ืฆืžืช ื”ืฉื•ืคืจ ื’ื ื ื•ืชื ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืœื—ื™ื™ืœื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. " ื•ึฐื ึดืœึฐื—ึฒืžื•ึผ ื›ึผึดื™ ื”' ืขึดืžึผึธื ื•ึฐื”ึนื‘ึดื™ืฉืื•ึผ ืจึนื›ึฐื‘ึตื™ ืกื•ึผืกึดื™ื: ื•ึฐื’ึดื‘ึผึทืจึฐืชึผึดื™ ืึถืช ื‘ึผึตื™ืช ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธื” ื•ึฐืึถืช ื‘ึผึตื™ืช ื™ื•ึนืกึตืฃ ืื•ึนืฉืึดื™ืขึท" (ื–ื›ืจื™ื” ื™). ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฉืžื‘ื™ืื” ืฉืžื—ื” "ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ื›ึฐื’ึดื‘ึผื•ึนืจ ืึถืคึฐืจึทื™ึดื ื•ึฐืฉื‚ึธืžึทื— ืœึดื‘ึผึธื ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ื™ึธื™ึดืŸ ื•ึผื‘ึฐื ึตื™ื”ึถื ื™ึดืจึฐืื•ึผ ื•ึฐืฉื‚ึธืžึตื—ื•ึผ ื™ึธื’ึตืœ ืœึดื‘ึผึธื ื‘ึผึทื”'". ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฉืžืงื‘ืฆืช ื’ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืจื‘ื” ืืช ื‘ื ื™ื”ื "ืึถืฉืึฐืจึฐืงึธื” ืœึธื”ึถื ื•ึทืึฒืงึทื‘ึผึฐืฆึตื ื›ึผึดื™ ืคึฐื“ึดื™ืชึดื™ื ื•ึฐืจึธื‘ื•ึผ ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ืจึธื‘ื•ึผ: ื•ึฐืึถื–ึฐืจึธืขึตื ื‘ึผึธืขึทืžึผึดื™ื ื•ื›ื•'. ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฉืžื›ืจื™ืชื” ืืช ื”ืจืฉืขื™ื ื•ืžืงื“ืฉืช ืืช ืฉื ื”' "ื•ึฐื”ื•ึผืจึทื“ ื’ึผึฐืื•ึนืŸ ืึทืฉึผืื•ึผืจ ื•ึฐืฉืึตื‘ึถื˜ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื ื™ึธืกื•ึผืจ: ื•ึฐื’ึดื‘ึผึทืจึฐืชึผึดื™ื ื‘ึผึทื”' ื•ึผื‘ึดืฉืึฐืžื•ึน ื™ึดืชึฐื”ึทืœึผึธื›ื•ึผ ื ึฐืึปื ื”'" (ื–ื›ืจื™ื” ื™).
ืฉื•ืคืจ ื›ืคื•ืœ ืฉื ืฉืžืข ื‘ืฉื ื” ื–ื•
ื”ืฉื•ืคืจ ืฉืœ ื–ื›ืจื™ื” ืชื•ืงืข ื‘ืงื•ืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•. ื–ื• ืชืงื™ืขื” ืฉื”ื—ืœื” ืžืื– ืฉื”ื—ืœ ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื’ืœื•ื™ื•ืช. ืœื ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืื•ื–ืŸ ื”ื‘ืฉืจ, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืฉืžื” ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉื•ืžืขืช ื•ืคื•ืขืœืช ืžื›ื•ื—ื•. ื’ื ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ืžืฉืขื‘ื•ื“ ืžืœื›ื•ื™ื•ืช. ื’ื ืขืœื™ื” ืœืืจืฅ. ื’ื ื’ื‘ื•ืจื”. ื’ื ื”ื›ืจืชืช ื”ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื. ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืขื™ื–ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืขื‘ืจ. ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ืื•ืžืฅ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื‘ื™ื“ ื—ื–ืงื”. ื”ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฉื‘ื™ืช ืืช ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ื• ื•ืฉื•ื ืื™ื ื•.
ืžื‘ืฆืข ื”ื‘ื™ืคืจื™ื
ื‘ืื•ืžืฅ ื•ื‘ืชื—ื›ื•ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืคื•ืฆืฆื ื• ืœืจืขื™ื, ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืคืจื™ื. ืืœืคื™ ืžื—ื‘ืœื™ื ื ืคื’ืขื• ื‘ืžื‘ืฆืข ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™"ื“ ืืœื•ืœ. ืขืฉืจื•ืช ื ื”ืจื’ื•, 4500 ืžื—ื‘ืœื™ื ืืจื•ืจื™ื ื ืคืฆืขื•. ื—ืœืงื ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืขื™ื•ื•ืจื™ื ื—ืœืงื ืœื’ื™ื“ืžื™ื. ื”ื ื”ื•ื›ื• ื‘ืชื“ื”ืžื” ืฉื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ื›ื ืกื” ืœื”ื ืœืชื•ืš ื‘ื™ืชื, ื•ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื•ื›ื” ื‘ืชื“ื”ืžื” ืžื”ืื•ืžืฅ ื•ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ื•ื”ืชืขื•ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ.
ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ ื”' ื•ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืžื—ื•, ื•ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ื• ื‘ื›ื• ื•ื”ืฆื˜ืขืจื• ื•ืžืจื˜ื• ืืช ืฉืขืจื•ืช ืจืืฉื. ืœืžื—ืจืช ื”ืชืคื•ืฆืฆื• ื‘ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ ืืœืคื™ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ ืงืฉืจ ืื—ืจื™ื. ืืœื” ืฉืœื ื ืคื’ืขื• ื‘ื’ืœ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื ืคื’ืขื• ื‘ื’ืœ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื•ื™ืฆืื• ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ. ื›ืœ ื”ืคืฆื•ืขื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื”ืคื›ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขื“ื•ืช ืžื”ืœื›ืช ืœืขื•ืฆืžืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœืกื™ื™ืขืชื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉื”' ืžืกื™ื™ืข ืœื ื• ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืชื• ื‘ืžืžืœื›ืช ื”ื–ื“ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืจืฉืข.
ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื—ื™ืกืœื” ืžืื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ื˜ื™ืœื™ื
ื›ืš ื”ืชื’ื‘ืจื ื• ืขืœ ื”ืคื—ื“ ืฉืื—ื– ื‘ื ื• ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื ื•ื”ืคืฆืฆื ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ ืžืื’ืจื™ ืขื ืง ืฉืœ ื›-200,000 ื˜ื™ืœื™ื ืžื“ื•ื™ืงื™ื ืฉืื™ื™ืžื• ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืื™ื™ืžื• ืขืœ ืžื—ื ื•ืช ื”ืฆื‘ื ื•ืื™ื™ืžื• ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืจื™ื›ื•ื–ื™ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืžืคืงื“ื™ื• ืื•ืžืฅ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื—ื™ืกืœื• ืืช ื ืืกืจืืœืœื” ืจืืฉ ืžืžืœื›ืช ื”ืจืฉืข ื•ื”ืื›ื–ืจื™ื•ืช. ื”ืคืฆื™ืฆื• ืืช ื”ื‘ื•ื ืงืจ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืคื—ื“ืŸ ื”ืกืชืชืจ ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืžืคืงื“ื™ื• ื”ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืืžื™ืฆื™ื, ื•ืื™ื ื ืขื•ื“.
ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื ืคื™ืœืช ื”ื—ื™ื–ื‘ืืœืœื”, ื ืคืœ ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ืืกื“ ื‘ื–' ื›ืกืœื• ืชืฉืค"ื”. ื•ื”ื•ื ื‘ืจื— ืœืจื•ืกื™ื” ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื›ืœ ืฆืžืจืช ืžืžืœื›ืช ื”ืจืฉืข ืฉืจื“ืคื” ืื•ืชื ื• ืžืขืœ 50 ืฉื ื”. ืื—ืจื™ ื ืคื™ืœืชื• ื”ืคืฆื™ืฆื” ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืช ืžืื’ืจื™ ื”ื ืฉืง ื”ืขื ืงื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืกื•ืจื™ื” ื•ื—ื™ืกืœื” ืื•ืชื.
ืื—ืจื™ื• ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ืžืžืœื›ืช ื”ืจืฉืข ืฉืœ ืื™ืจืŸ ืžื›ื” ืื ื•ืฉื”. ืžื™"ื– ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืขื“ ื›"ื— ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืคืฆืฆื ื• ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื‘ื ื• ื‘ื”ื ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ืคืฆืฆื•ืช ืฉื™ื•ืขื“ื• ืœื”ืฉืžื™ื“ ืืช ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืขืœ ื ืก ืขืฆื•ื ื–ื” ื ืืžืจ "ืฉื™ื—ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื ืคืœืื•ืชื™ื•". ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื”ืฉืžื“ื ื• ืืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืชื™ื ืฉื™ืจื• ืขืœื™ื ื• ื›-180 ื˜ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ืขื•ื“ ื›-170 ื›ื˜ื‘"ืžื™ื. ืขืœ ื–ื” ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” "ื•ึฐื”ึธืจึดืฉืึฐืขึธื” ื›ึปืœึผึธื”ึผ ื‘ึผึถืขึธืฉืึธืŸ ืชึผึดื›ึฐืœึถื”. ื›ึผึดื™ ืชึทืขึฒื‘ึดื™ืจ ืžึถืžึฐืฉืึถืœึถืช ื–ึธื“ื•ึนืŸ ืžึดืŸ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ".
ืขืฆื™ืจืช ื”ื˜ื™ืœื™ื
ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื‘ืจื›ื” ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืกื™ื™ืขืชื ื“ืฉืžื™ื™ื ื‘ื—ื›ืžื” ืœื ื˜ืจืœ ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ื˜ื™ืœื™ื ืฉื ื•ืจื• ืขืœื™ื” ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื” ื–ื•. ืžืขื–ื” 4000 ื˜ื™ืœื™ื ืจืง ื‘ืฉืžื—ืช ืชื•ืจื”. ืขื•ื“ ืืœืคื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื ื•ืจื• ืื—ืจื™ื”. ืกื”"ื› ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ื˜ื™ืœื™ื. ืžืื™ืจืืŸ ื ื•ืจื• 400 ื˜ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ืขื“ ืžืื•ืช ื›ื˜ื‘"ืžื™ื, ืžืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ 17.500 ื˜ื™ืœื™ื ื•ื›ื˜ื‘"ืžื™ื, ื’ื ืžืกื•ืจื™ื” ื™ืฆืื• ื˜ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื•ื›ืขืช ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ื•ืœื ื“ื•ืžืžื™ื.
ืขืฆื™ืจืช ื”ื˜ื™ืœื™ื ื ืขืฉืชื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืœ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื ืฉืง ืžืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืฉื›ืขืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืจื•ื›ืฉ ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ื™ื. ื”ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืœื™ื™ื–ืจ ืฉื™ื•ื“ืข ืœื ื˜ืจืœ ื›ื˜ื‘"ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื•ื‘ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœื”. ื”ืคืœื ื”ื–ื” ืฉื‘ื• ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœืฉื•ื ืื•ืžื” ื•ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืคืœื ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื•. ืขืœื™ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื "ืืชื” ื—ื•ื ืŸ ืœืื“ื ื“ืขืช ื•ืžืœืžื“ ืœืื ื•ืฉ ื‘ื™ื ื”".
ื”ืคืœืช ืžืžืœื›ืช ื”ืจืฉืข ื•ื”ื–ื“ื•ืŸ โ€“ ื—ืœืง ืžืชืงื™ืขืช ื”ืฉื•ืคืจ
ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืคืœืช ื”ืจืฉืข, ื‘ืื” ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื”'. ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื "ื›ึผึดื™ ืชึทืขึฒื‘ึดื™ืจ ืžึถืžึฐืฉืึถืœึถืช ื–ึธื“ื•ึนืŸ ืžึดืŸ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ". ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื "ื•ึฐืชึดืžึฐืœึนืšึฐ ืึทืชึผึธื” ื”ื•ึผื ื”' ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ื ื•ึผ ืžึฐื”ึตืจึธื” ืขึทืœ ื›ึผึธืœ ืžึทืขึฒืฉึนึถื™ืšึธ. ื‘ึผึฐื”ึทืจ ืฆึดื™ึผื•ึนืŸ ืžึดืฉืึฐื›ึผึทืŸ ื›ึผึฐื‘ื•ึนื“ึถืšึธ. ื•ึผื‘ึดื™ืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึทื™ึดื ืขึดื™ืจ ืžึดืงึฐื“ึผึธืฉืึถืšึธ. ื›ึผึทื›ึผึธืชื•ึผื‘ ื‘ึผึฐื“ึดื‘ึฐืจึตื™ ืงึธื“ึฐืฉืึถืšึธ: ื™ึดืžึฐืœึนืšึฐ ื”' ืœึฐืขื•ึนืœึธื ืึฑืœึนื”ึทื™ึดืšึฐ ืฆึดื™ึผื•ึนืŸ ืœึฐื“ึนืจ ื•ึธื“ึนืจ ื”ึทืœึฐืœื•ึผื™ึธื”ึผ". ื›ืš ืงื•ืจื” ื’ื ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื. ืื—ืจื™ ื˜ื‘ื™ืขืช ืคืจืขื” ื•ื—ื™ืœื• ื‘ื™ื ืกื•ืฃ - ืžืชื’ืœื” ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื”' ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื•ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื•ืžืจ "ื”' ื™ืžืœืš ืœืขื•ืœื ื•ืขื“". โ€“ "ืžึธืชึทื™ ืชึผึดืžึฐืœึนืšึฐ ื‘ึผึฐืฆึดื™ึผื•ึนืŸ. ื‘ึผึฐืงึธืจื•ึนื‘ ื‘ึผึฐื™ึธืžึตื™ื ื•ึผ ืœึฐืขื•ึนืœึธื ื•ึธืขึถื“ ืชึผึดืฉืึฐื›ึผื•ึนืŸ. ืชึผึดืชึฐื’ึผึทื“ึผึตืœ ื•ึฐืชึดืชึฐืงึทื“ึผึตืฉื ื‘ึผึฐืชื•ึนืšึฐ ื™ึฐืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึทื™ึดื ืขึดื™ืจึฐืšึธ ืœึฐื“ื•ึนืจ ื•ึธื“ื•ึนืจ ื•ึผืœึฐื ึตืฆึทื— ื ึฐืฆึธื—ึดื™ื".
โ€ƒ
ืฉื•ืคืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืฉื•ืคืจ ืงื˜ืŸ

ื‘' ืฉื•ืคืจื•ืช ื”ื - ืฉื•ืคืจ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื•ืฉื•ืคืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ
ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืจื‘ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื™ื˜ืืœ ื‘ืฉืขืจ ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื”ืืจ"ื™ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ (ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื“ืจื•ืฉ ื–) ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืฉื ื™ ืฉื•ืคืจื•ืช. ืฉื•ืคืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืชื•ืงืข ื•ืฉื•ืคืจ ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืชื•ืงืขื™ื. ื‘ืชืงื™ืขื•ืช ืžื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืื ื—ื ื• ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืคืจ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉืœื ื•. ื•ื‘ืžื•ืกืฃ ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ ื•ืœื”ืื–ื™ืŸ ืœืฉื•ืคืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืžืขืœื”. ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื’ืœืœ ื–ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื "ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืงื•ืœ ืฉื•ืคืจ", ื•ืœื "ืœืชืงื•ืข ื‘ืฉื•ืคืจ" (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•"ืข ืชืงืคื” ื‘). ื•ืื ืื“ื ืชืงืข ืœืชื•ืš ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ืœื ืฉืžืข ืœื ื™ืฆื (ืชืงืคื–) ืฉื”ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื•ื ื”ืฉืžื™ืขื”. ืฉืžื™ืขืช ื”ืฉื•ืคืจ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ืฉืžืขื•ืจืจืช ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืคืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืžืขืœื”.
ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ โ€“ ื”' ืชื•ืงืข
ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืช ืžื•ืกืฃ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืคืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืžืขืœื” ื‘ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื”. "ื•ึผื‘ึฐืงื•ึนืœ ืฉืื•ึนืคึธืจ ืขึฒืœึตื™ื”ึถื ื”ื•ึนืคึทืขึฐืชึผึธ. ื›ึผึทื›ึผึธืชื•ึผื‘ ื‘ึผึฐืชื•ึนืจึธืชึธืšึฐ: ื•ึทื™ึฐื”ึดื™ ื‘ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึผืึฐืœึดื™ืฉืึดื™ ื‘ึผึดื”ึฐื™ึนืช ื”ึทื‘ึผึนืงึถืจ ื•ึทื™ึฐื”ึดื™ ืงึนืœึนืช ื•ึผื‘ึฐืจึธืงึดื™ื ื•ึฐืขึธื ึธืŸ ื›ึผึธื‘ึตื“ ืขึทืœ ื”ึธื”ึธืจ ื•ึฐืงึนืœ ืฉืึนืคึธืจ ื—ึธื–ึธืง ืžึฐืึนื“, ื•ึทื™ึผึถื—ึฑืจึทื“ ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึธืขึธื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื‘ึผึทืžึผึทื—ึฒื ึถื”". ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืžืข ืืช ืงื•ืœ ื”' ื•ื™ืจื ื™ืจืื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” "ื•ึฐื’ึทื ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึธืขื•ึนืœึธื ื›ึผึปืœึผื•ึน ื—ึธืœ ืžึดืœึผึฐืคึธื ึถื™ืšึธ. ื•ึผื‘ึฐืจึดื™ึผื•ึนืช ื‘ึผึฐืจึตืืฉืึดื™ืช ื—ึธืจึฐื“ื•ึผ ืžึดืžึผึถืšึผึธ. ื‘ึผึฐื”ึดื’ึผึธืœื•ึนืชึฐืšึธ ืžึทืœึฐื›ึผึตื ื•ึผ ืขึทืœ ื”ึทืจ ืกึดื™ื ึทื™. ืœึฐืœึทืžึผึตื“ ืœึฐืขึทืžึผึฐืšึธ ืชึผื•ึนืจึธื” ื•ึผืžึดืฆึฐื•ึนืช". ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื• ืืžืจื• ืฉื‘ืžืขืžื“ ืชื•ืจื” ื–ื” ื’ื ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืžืข ืœืคื™ ื›ื•ื—ื•. ื ืฉื™ื ืœืคื™ ื›ื•ื—ืŸ, ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœืคื™ ื›ื•ื—ื ื•ื›ื•'. ื•ื’ื ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื•, ื•ื›ืœ ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ ืงื“ื.
ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื โ€“ ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ืชื•ืงืขื™ื ืœื”ืžืœื™ืš ืืช ื”'
ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•ืคืจ ืฉืœื ื• ืฉืžื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ. ืชืงื™ืขื•ืช ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉืžื›ื™ื ื•ืช ืื•ืชื ื• ืœืื•ืจ ื”' "ื‘ึผึทื—ึฒืฆึนืฆึฐืจื•ึนืช ื•ึฐืงื•ึนืœ ืฉืื•ึนืคึธืจ ื”ึธืจึดื™ืขื•ึผ ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ื”ึทืžึผึถืœึถืšึฐ ื”". ื•ึฐื ึถืึฑืžึทืจ: "ืชึผึดืงึฐืขื•ึผ ื‘ึทื—ึนื“ึถืฉื ืฉืื•ึนืคึธืจ, ื‘ึผึทื›ึผึถืกึถื” ืœึฐื™ื•ึนื ื—ึทื’ึผึตื ื•ึผ" ื›ืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื "ื”ึทืœึฐืœื•ึผื”ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐืชึตืงึทืข ืฉืื•ึนืคึธืจ ื”ึทืœึฐืœื•ึผื”ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื‘ึถืœ ื•ึฐื›ึดื ึผื•ึนืจ". ื•ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืชื•ืงืข ื•ืžืจื™ืข "ื›ืœ ื”ืขืžื™ื ืชืงืขื• ื›ืฃ ื”ืจื™ืขื• ืœื”' ื‘ืงื•ืœ ืจื™ื ื”". ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืชืงื™ืขื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• "ืขืœื” ืืœื•ืงื™ื ื‘ืชืจื•ืขื” ื”' ื‘ืงื•ืœ ืฉื•ืคืจ".
ืชืงื™ืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื โ€“ ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื’ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ืœืจืฉืขื”
ื‘ืฉืœืฉืช ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืชืงื™ืขื” ืฉืžื—ื•ืœืœืช ืืช ื”ื’ืื•ืœื”. "ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ื™ึฐื“ึตื™ ืขึฒื‘ึธื“ึถื™ืšึธ ื”ึทื ึผึฐื‘ึดื™ืึดื™ื ื›ึผึธืชื•ึผื‘ ืœึตืืžึนืจ: ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ื‘ึผึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทื”ื•ึผื ื™ึดืชึผึธืงึทืข ื‘ึผึฐืฉืื•ึนืคึธืจ ื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ ื•ึผื‘ึธืื•ึผ ื”ึธืึนื‘ึฐื“ึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐืึถืจึถืฅ ืึทืฉึผืื•ึผืจ ื•ึฐื”ึทื ึผึดื“ึผึธื—ึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐืึถืจึถืฅ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึธื™ึดื, ื•ึฐื”ึดืฉืึฐืชึผึทื—ึฒื•ื•ึผ ืœื”' ื‘ึผึฐื”ึทืจ ื”ึทืงึผึนื“ึถืฉื ื‘ึผึดื™ืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึธื™ึดื". ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื”ื–ืืช ืชื™ื’ืข ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช "ื›ึผึธืœ ื™ึนืฉืึฐื‘ึตื™ ืชึตื‘ึตืœ ื•ึฐืฉืึนื›ึฐื ึตื™ ืึธืจึถืฅ, ื›ึผึดื ึฐืฉึนึนื ื ึตืก ื”ึธืจึดื™ื ืชึผึดืจึฐืื•ึผ ื•ึฐื›ึดืชึฐืงึนืขึท ืฉืื•ึนืคึธืจ ืชึผึดืฉืึฐืžึธืขื•ึผ". ืžืžื ื” ื”ื ื™ื›ื™ืจื• ืฉื”' ืฉืžื ื”ืœ ืžื•ืœืš ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืื•ืชื• ืงื•ืœ ืฉื•ืคืจ ืžืชื”ืคืš ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉืขื™ื "ื•ื”' ืขึฒืœึตื™ื”ึถื ื™ึตืจึธืึถื” ื•ึฐื™ึธืฆึธื ื›ึทื‘ึผึธืจึธืง ื—ึดืฆึผื•ึน, ื•ื”' ืืœื•ืงื™ื ื‘ึผึทืฉึผืื•ึนืคึธืจ ื™ึดืชึฐืงึธืข, ื•ึฐื”ึธืœึทืšึฐ ื‘ึผึฐืกึทืขึฒืจื•ึนืช ืชึผึตื™ืžึธืŸ". ื•ืœื ืžืฉืื™ืจ ืœื”ื ืฉืจื™ื“ ื•ืคืœื™ื˜.
ืฉื•ืคืจ ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ื - ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื”

ื•ื™ืคื— ื‘ืืคื™ื• ื ืฉืžืช ื—ื™ื™ื
ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื ืชืŸ ืื™ื™ื‘ืฉื™ืฅ ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืกืคืจ ื™ืขืจื•ืช ื“ื‘ืฉ (ื ื) ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ืชืงื™ืขื” ืฉื•ืคืจ ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื ืคื™ื—ืช ื”ืื•ื™ืจ ืฉืœื ื•. ื•ื‘ืžืฉืœ ื›ืœืคื™ ืžืขืœื” ื”ืชืงื™ืขื” ืฉืœ ื”' ื‘ืฉื•ืคืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื "ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื•ื™ืคื— ื‘ืืคื™ื• ื ืฉืžืช ื—ื™ื™ื". ืฉื‘ื™ื•ื ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื”' ื ืคื— ื‘ืื“ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื ืฉืžืช ื—ื™ื™ื, ื•ืžืื– ื•ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื”' ื ื•ืคื— ื‘ื ื• ื ืฉืžืช ื—ื™ื™ื. ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” "ื–ื›ืจื ื• ืœื—ื™ื™ื" ื•ื›ื•' "ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืงื•ืœ ื”ืฉื•ืคืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ืžืขื•ืจืจ ื—ื™ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื›ืื™ืœื• ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ืŸ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช". (ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ).
ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื’ืœื•ื™ื•ืช โ€“ ื ืชื™ื ืช ื—ื™ื™ื
ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ืื•ืžืจื™ ื›ื™ ื’ื ืชืงื™ืขืช ื”ืฉื•ืคืจ ืฉืœ ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื’ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื ืคื™ื—ืช ื—ื™ื™ื. "ื•ึฐื”ึตื‘ึตืืชึดื™ ืึถืชึฐื›ึถื ืึถืœ ืึทื“ึฐืžึทืช ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ". ื•ื”ืขืœื™ื” ื”ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื "ื•ึฐื ึธืชึทืชึผึดื™ ืจื•ึผื—ึดื™ ื‘ึธื›ึถื ื•ึดื—ึฐื™ึดื™ืชึถื ื•ึฐื”ึดื ึผึทื—ึฐืชึผึดื™ ืึถืชึฐื›ึถื ืขึทืœ ืึทื“ึฐืžึทืชึฐื›ึถื ื•ึดื™ื“ึทืขึฐืชึผึถื ื›ึผึดื™ ืึฒื ึดื™ ื”' ื“ึผึดื‘ึผึทืจึฐืชึผึดื™ ื•ึฐืขึธืฉื‚ึดื™ืชึดื™ ื ึฐืึปื ื”'". (ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ืœื–). ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื–ื•ื›ื” ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืืจื™ื›ื•ืช ื™ืžื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืœ ืขื ืื—ืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืื—ืจืช. ืžืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ื "ืœืžืขืŸ ื™ืจื‘ื• ื™ืžื™ื›ื ื•ื™ืžื™ ื‘ื ื™ื›ื ืขืœ ื”ืื“ืžื”". "ืึถืชึฐื”ึทืœึผึตืšึฐ ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ื”' ื‘ึผึฐืึทืจึฐืฆื•ึนืช ื”ึทื—ึทื™ึผึดื™ื" โ€“ ื–ื• ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ (ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืงื˜ื– ื˜ ื•ืจืฉ"ื™ ืฉื).
ืชืงื™ืขืช ืฉื•ืคืจ ืฉืœ ืžืขืžื“ ื”' ืกื™ื ื™ โ€“ ืฉืคืข ื—ื™ื™ื
ื’ื ืชืงื™ืขืช ื”ืฉื•ืคืจ ืฉืœ ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื ืชื™ื ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืฆื•ืžื™ื ืœื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื•. ืืžืจ ื”ืงื‘"ื” "ืื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื”ืชื•ืจื” - ืืชื ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžื™ืŸ. ื•ืื ืœืื• - ืื ื™ ืžื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืชื›ื ืœืชื•ื”ื• ื•ื‘ื•ื”ื•" (ืฉื‘ืช ืคื—) ื’ื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื” ื ืชื™ื ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ "ื•ึฐืึธืžึทืจ ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ื™ึฐื”ื•ึนืฉืึปืขึท ื‘ึผึถืŸ ืœึตื•ึดื™, ื›ึผึธืœ ื“ึผึดื‘ึผื•ึผืจ ื•ึฐื“ึดื‘ึผื•ึผืจ ืฉืึถื™ึผึธืฆึธื ืžึดืคึผึดื™ ื”ึทืงึผึธื“ื•ึนืฉื ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ื”ื•ึผื, ื™ึธืฆึฐืชึธื” ื ึดืฉืึฐืžึธืชึธืŸ ืฉืึถืœ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ, ืฉืึถื ึผึถืึฑืžึทืจ, "ื ึทืคึฐืฉืึดื™ ื™ึธืฆึฐืึธื” ื‘ึผึฐื“ึทื‘ึผึฐืจื•ึน". ื•ึผืžึตืึทื—ึทืจ ืฉืึถืžึผึดื“ึผึดื‘ึผื•ึผืจ ืจึดืืฉืื•ึนืŸ ื™ึธืฆึฐืึธื” ื ึดืฉืึฐืžึธืชึธืŸ, ื“ึผึดื‘ึผื•ึผืจ ืฉืึตื ึดื™ ื”ึตื™ืึธืšึฐ ืงึดื‘ึผึฐืœื•ึผ? ื”ื•ึนืจึดื™ื“ ื˜ึทืœ ืฉืึถืขึธืชึดื™ื“ ืœึฐื”ึทื—ึฒื™ื•ึนืช ื‘ึผื•ึน ืžึตืชึดื™ื, ื•ึฐื”ึถื—ึฑื™ึธื” ืื•ึนืชึธื, ืฉืึถื ึผึถืึฑืžึทืจ, "ื’ึผึถืฉืึถื ื ึฐื“ึธื‘ื•ึนืช ืชึผึธื ึดื™ืฃ ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ื ึทื—ึฒืœึธืชึฐืšึธ ื•ึฐื ึดืœึฐืึธื” ืึทืชึผึธื” ื›ึผื•ึนื ึทื ึฐืชึผึธื”".
ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื ืคืงื“ื• ื”ืื™ืžื”ื•ืช
ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืคืข ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื–ื”, ื”ืขืงืจื•ืช ืžืชืจืคืื•ืช ื•ืžื‘ื™ืื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืœืขื•ืœื. "ืชึผึทื ึฐื™ึธื, ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ืึฑืœึดื™ืขึถื–ึถืจ ืื•ึนืžึตืจ, ื‘ึผึฐืชึดืฉืึฐืจึตื™ ื ึดื‘ึฐืจึธื ื”ึธืขื•ึนืœึธื. ื‘ึผึฐืชึดืฉืึฐืจึตื™ ื ื•ึนืœึฐื“ื•ึผ ืึธื‘ื•ึนืช. ื‘ึผึฐืชึดืฉืึฐืจึตื™ ืžึตืชื•ึผ ืึธื‘ื•ึนืช. ื‘ึผึฐืคึถืกึทื— ื ื•ึนืœึธื“ ื™ึดืฆึฐื—ึธืง. ื‘ึผึฐืจึนืืฉื ื”ึทืฉึผืึธื ึธื” ื ึดืคึฐืงึฐื“ื•ึผ ืฉื‚ึธืจึธื”, ื•ึฐืจึธื—ึตืœ, ื•ึฐื—ึทื ึผึธื”". ื•ื’ื ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืฉื—ื•ืœืง ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ื ื‘ืจื ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืœื ื—ื•ืœืง ื›ื™ ืฉื‚ึธืจึธื”, ื•ึฐืจึธื—ึตืœ, ื•ึฐื—ึทื ึผึธื” ื ืคืงื“ื• ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื•ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืื•ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. (ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื™ ืข"ื‘).
ืฉื•ืคืจ - ื‘ืื•ืจ ืคื ื™ ืžืœืš ื—ื™ื™ื
ืขืœ ื–ื” ื ืืžืจ ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘ "ืืฉืจื™ ื”ืขื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ ืชืจื•ืขื” ื”' ื‘ืื•ืจ ืคื ื™ืš ื™ื”ืœื›ื•ืŸ". ืฉื”ืชืงื™ืขื•ืช ืžื‘ื™ืื•ืช ืืช ืื•ืจ ืคื ื™ ื”' ืืœื™ื ื•. ื•ืื•ืจ ืคื ื™ ื”' ืžื‘ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ "ื‘ืื•ืจ ืคื ื™ ืžืœืš ื—ื™ื™ื". ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” "ื›ื™ ื‘ืื•ืจ ืคื ื™ืš ื ืชืช ืœื ื• ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื—ื™ื™ื ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ื—ืกื“ ื•ื›ื•'. ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ื’ืœืœื” ืชื•ืงืขื™ื ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ื—ืฆื•ืฆืจื•ืช "ื•ึฐื›ึดื™ ืชึธื‘ึนืื•ึผ ืžึดืœึฐื—ึธืžึธื” ื‘ึผึฐืึทืจึฐืฆึฐื›ึถื ืขึทืœ ื”ึทืฆึผึทืจ ื”ึทืฆึผึนืจึตืจ ืึถืชึฐื›ึถื ื•ึทื”ึฒืจึตืขึนืชึถื ื‘ึผึทื—ึฒืฆึนืฆึฐืจึนืช ื•ึฐื ึดื–ึฐื›ึผึทืจึฐืชึผึถื ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ื”' ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ื›ึถื ื•ึฐื ื•ืฉืึทืขึฐืชึผึถื ืžึตืึนื™ึฐื‘ึตื™ื›ึถื" (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื™) ื•ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืชื•ืงืขื™ื ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ืฉื•ืคืจื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ื‘ืขืช ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื™ืจื™ื—ื•. ื•ื–ื• ื ืชื™ื ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื’ื–ื™ืจืช ืžื•ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช.
ืฉื•ืคืจ ืฉืœ ื—ืจื•ืช

ืชืงืข ื‘ืฉื•ืคืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœื—ืจื•ืชื ื•
ืฉื•ืคืจ ื”ื•ื ื’ื ื—ื™ืจื•ืช. ื›ืš ืื•ืžืจืช ื”ื’ืžืจื ื’ื ืœื“ืขืช ืจื‘ื™ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื•ื’ื ืœื“ืขืช ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข "ื‘ึผึฐืจึนืืฉื ื”ึทืฉึผืึธื ึธื” ื™ึธืฆึธื ื™ื•ึนืกึตืฃ ืžึดื‘ึผึตื™ืช ื”ึธืึฒืกื•ึผืจึดื™ืŸ: ื‘ึผึฐืจึนืืฉื ื”ึทืฉึผืึธื ึธื” ื‘ึผึธื˜ึฐืœึธื” ืขึฒื‘ื•ึนื“ึธื” ืžึตืึฒื‘ื•ึนืชึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื‘ึฐืžึดืฆึฐืจึธื™ึดื". ื”ื’ืžืจื ืœืžื“ื” ื–ืืช ืžื”ืคืกื•ืง ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ื (ืคื) "ืชึผึดืงึฐืขื•ึผ ื‘ึทื—ึนื“ึถืฉื ืฉืื•ึนืคึธืจ, ื‘ึผึทื›ึผึถืกึถื” ืœึฐื™ื•ึนื ื—ึทื’ึตื ื•ึผ, ื›ึผึดื™ ื—ึนืง ืœึฐื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื”ื•ึผื ืžึดืฉืึฐืคึผึธื˜ ืœึตืืœึนื”ึตื™ ื™ึทืขึฒืงึนื‘". ื•ื›ืชื™ื‘ "ืขึตื“ื•ึผืช ื‘ึผึดื™ื”ื•ึนืกึตืฃ ืฉื‚ึธืžื•ึน ื‘ึฐืฆึตืืชื•ึน ืขึทืœ ืึถืจึถืฅ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึธื™ึดื, ืฉื‚ึฐืคึทืช ืœึนื ื™ึธื“ึทืขึฐืชึผึดื™ ืึถืฉืึฐืžึธืข". ื”ืจื™ ืฉืžืคืกื•ืง ื–ื” ื ืฉืžืข ืฉื’ื ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื™ืฆื ืœื—ืจื•ืช, ื•ื’ื ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ืฆื ืœื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
ืื™ื ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืื™ืคื” ืชืงืขื• ื‘ืฉื•ืคืจ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•\ืื• ื‘ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ื™ื•ืกืฃ. ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื›ืžื• ืชืงื™ืขืช ืฉื•ืคืจ ืฉืœ ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื’ืœื•ื™ื•ืช. ืจืขื ืฉื ืฉืžืข ื‘ืกืชืจ. "ื‘ึผึทืฆึผึธืจึธื” ืงึธืจึธืืชึธ ื•ึธืึฒื—ึทืœึผึฐืฆึถืšึผึธ ืึถืขึถื ึฐืšึธ ื‘ึผึฐืกึตืชึถืจ ืจึทืขึทื ืึถื‘ึฐื—ึธื ึฐืšึธ ืขึทืœ ืžึตื™ ืžึฐืจึดื™ื‘ึธื” ืกึถืœึธื”". ืจืขื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœื ื ืฉืžืข ืœืื•ื–ืŸ ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื”.
ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ืžืฉืชื—ืจืจื™ื ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื”
ื”ื’ืžืจื ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” (ื—/ื‘) ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉืขื‘ื“ื™ื ืžืฉืชื—ืจืจื™ื ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ืœืงื™ ื•ื‘ืชืงื™ืขืช ืฉื•ืคืจ ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืžืฉืชื—ืจืจื™ื ืœื’ืžืจื™. "ืžื›ืืŸ ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ ื‘ื ื• ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืงื ืžืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ืขื“ ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ืคื•ืจื™ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ื ืคื˜ืจื™ืŸ ืœื‘ืชื™ื”ืŸ ื•ืœื ืžืฉืชืขื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ืœืื“ื•ื ื™ื”ื ืืœื ืื•ื›ืœื™ืŸ ื•ืฉื•ืชื™ืŸ ื•ืฉืžื—ื™ืŸ ื•ืขื˜ืจื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ื”ืŸ. ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ืคื•ืจื™ื ืชืงืขื• ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื•ืคืจ ื ืคื˜ืจื• ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ืœื‘ืชื™ื”ืŸ ื•ืฉื“ื•ืช ื—ื•ื–ืจื•ืช ืœื‘ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ". ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ื”ืขื‘ื“ื•ืช, ื•ื”ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืื“ืžืชื, ื”ื™ื ืžืขื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ื•ื”ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืืจืฆื•.
ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื’ืœื•ื™ื•ืช โ€“ ืขื“ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื

ื•ึฐื”ึดืฉืึฐืชึผึทื—ึฒื•ื•ึผ ืœื”' ื‘ึผึฐื”ึทืจ ื”ึทืงึผึนื“ึถืฉื ื‘ึผึดื™ืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึธึดื
ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ื’ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื ืžืกืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื”ืจ ื”ืงื“ืฉ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ืœื”ืฉืชื—ื•ื•ืช ืœื”'. "ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ื‘ึผึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทื”ื•ึผื ื™ึดืชึผึธืงึทืข ื‘ึผึฐืฉืื•ึนืคึธืจ ื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ ื•ึผื‘ึธืื•ึผ ื”ึธืึนื‘ึฐื“ึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐืึถืจึถืฅ ืึทืฉืึผื•ึผืจ ื•ึฐื”ึทื ึผึดื“ึผึธื—ึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐืึถืจึถืฅ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึธื™ึดื ื•ึฐื”ึดืฉืึฐืชึผึทื—ึฒื•ื•ึผ ืœื”' ื‘ึผึฐื”ึทืจ ื”ึทืงึผึนื“ึถืฉื ื‘ึผึดื™ืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึธึดื ". ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืืœื•ืœ ื•ืชืฉืจื™ ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ื›ืœ ืœื™ืœื” ืจื‘ื‘ื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืชื—ื•ื•ืช ื‘ืจื—ื‘ืช ื”ื›ื•ืชืœ ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™ ืœื”'. ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”' ื ืชืงื“ื ืžื›ืืŸ ืœืžืฆื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื™ืขืžื“ื• ืฆืคื•ืคื™ื ื•ื™ืฉืชื—ื•ื• ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื.
ื’ื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชื—ื•ื•ืช
ื‘ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื™ื— ื™ื‘ื•ืื• ื’ื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชื—ื•ื•ืช ืœื”' ื‘ื”ืจ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื "ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทื ึผื•ึนืชึธืจ ืžึดื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทื’ึผื•ึนื™ึดื ื”ึทื‘ึผึธืึดื™ื ืขึทืœ ื™ึฐืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึธึดื ื•ึฐืขึธืœื•ึผ ืžึดื“ึผึตื™ ืฉืึธื ึธื” ื‘ึฐืฉืึธื ึธื” ืœึฐื”ึดืฉืึฐืชึผึทื—ึฒื•ึนืช ืœึฐืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ื”' ืฆึฐื‘ึธืื•ึนืช ื•ึฐืœึธื—ึนื’ ืึถืช ื—ึทื’ ื”ึทืกึผึปื›ึผื•ึนืช: ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืœึนื ื™ึทืขึฒืœึถื” ืžึตืึตืช ืžึดืฉืึฐืคึผึฐื—ื•ึนืช ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืึถืœ ื™ึฐืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึทึดื ืœึฐื”ึดืฉืึฐืชึผึทื—ึฒื•ึนืช ืœึฐืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ื”' ืฆึฐื‘ึธืื•ึนืช ื•ึฐืœึนื ืขึฒืœึตื™ื”ึถื ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ื”ึทื’ึผึธืฉืึถื". (ื–ื›ืจื™ื” ื™ื“). ื”ื—ื–ืจื” ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื” 'ืœื”ืฉืชื—ื•ื•ืช' ื‘ืื” ืœืœืžื“ ืฉื”ื ื‘ืื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœื”ื›ื ืข ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ, ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”'.
ื•ึฐื ึธืฉื‚ึธื ื ึตืก ืœึทื’ึผื•ึนื™ึดื ื•ึฐืึธืกึทืฃ ื ึดื“ึฐื—ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื•ึผื ึฐืคึปืฆื•ึนืช ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธื” ื™ึฐืงึทื‘ึผึตืฅ ืžึตืึทืจึฐื‘ึผึทืข ื›ึผึทื ึฐืคื•ึนืช ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ
ืœื›ืŸ ื’ื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืืช ืชืงื™ืขื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ืคืจ ืฉืœ ืžืขืœื” "ื›ึผึธืœ ื™ืฉืึฐื‘ึตื™ ืชึตื‘ึตืœ ื•ึฐืฉืึนื›ึฐื ึตื™ ืึธืจึถืฅ ื›ึผึดื ึฐืฉื‚ึนื ื ึตืก ื”ึธืจึดื™ื ืชึผึดืจึฐืื•ึผ ื•ึฐื›ึดืชึฐืงึนืขึท ืฉืื•ึนืคึธืจ ืชึผึดืฉืึฐืžึธืขื•ึผ" (ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ื™ื— ื’). ื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ "ื‘ึผึธืขึตืช ื”ึทื”ึดื™ื ื™ื•ึผื‘ึทืœ ืฉืึทื™ ืœื”' ืฆึฐื‘ึธืื•ึนืช ืขึทื ืžึฐืžึปืฉืึผึธืšึฐ ื•ึผืžื•ึนืจึธื˜, ื•ึผืžึตืขึทื ื ื•ึนืจึธื ืžึดืŸ ื”ื•ึผื ื•ึธื”ึธืœึฐืึธื” ื’ึผื•ึนื™ ืงึทื• ืงึธื• ื•ึผืžึฐื‘ื•ึผืกึธื” ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื‘ึผึธื–ึฐืื•ึผ ื ึฐื”ึธืจึดื™ื ืึทืจึฐืฆื•ึน ืึถืœ ืžึฐืงื•ึนื ืฉืึตื ื”' ืฆึฐื‘ึธืื•ึนืช ื”ึทืจ ืฆึดื™ึผื•ึนืŸ". ื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืื•ืชื• ื’ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืขืฆืžื.
ื•ื™ื”ื™ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืฉื ื–ื›ื” ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืงื•ืœ ืฉื•ืคืจ ืฉืœ ืžืขืœื” ืฉืžื›ืจื™ื– ื•ืื•ืžืจ ืžืกื•ืฃ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืขื“ ืกื•ืคื• ื”ื’ื™ืข ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื”. ืงื•ืœ ืฉืžื—ื™ื™ื” ืืช ื”ื›ืœ ืงื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื›ื”. ืืžืŸ ื•ืืžืŸ.

ืกื™ืคื•ืจ

ืœื ืžืชื›ื‘ื“ ื‘ืงืœื•ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื•
ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืฆ"ืœ ืœืื—ืจ ื‘ืจ-ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืฉืขืจืš ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช "ืฆื•ืคื™ื•ืฃ" ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื•ื”ื–ืžื™ื ื• ืœืฉื ื‘ืขืœ ืชื•ืงืข ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืงื•ืข ื‘ืฉื•ืคืจ. ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืขืœ ืชื•ืงืข ื”ื’ื™ืข, ื‘ื™ืจืš ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช, ืืš ืื™ืŸ ืงื•ืœ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืขื•ื ื” โ€“ ื”ื•ื ืœื ืžืฆืœื™ื— ืœืชืงื•ืข.
ืžื™ื™ื“ ืฉืืœื•: "ื ื•.. ื ื•.. ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื™ื•ื“ืข ืœืชืงื•ืข?", ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ื”ืฉืชื“ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืฉ. ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ืงื ื•ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืชืงื•ืข. ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”', ื”ืจื‘ ืชืงืข ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืขื•ืœื” ื›ืžื” ืชืงื™ืขื•ืช, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ืคืกืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืœืชืงื™ืขื”, ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืขืฉื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื›ืื™ืœื• ื’ื ื”ื•ื ืœื ืžืฆืœื™ื— ืœืชืงื•ืข. ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ื‘ืœื‘ื•: ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืงืข ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ื•ืฉ ื•ื ื›ืœื, ืืชืŸ ืœื• ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”. ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื ืคืชื— ื”ืคืชื— ื•ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื™ ืœืชืงื•ืข, ืื•ืœื™ ื’ื ื”ื•ื ื™ืฆืœื™ื— ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืŸ.
ื”ืจื‘ ืงืจื ืœืื•ืชื• ื‘ืขืœ ืชื•ืงืข, ืฉื™ืขืœื” ืœื ืกื•ืช ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื•, ื•ืื›ืŸ ื”ืคืขื ื”ื•ื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—.
(ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืŸ-ืฉื•ืฉืŸ)

ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืœืจื’ืœ
ืฉื ื” ืื—ืช, ืกืžื•ืš ืœืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื”, ืืžื™ ื”ืžื ื•ื—ื” ืฉื‘ืจื” ืืช ืจื’ืœื” ื•ื”ืชืืจื—ื” ืืฆืœื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช. ืฉืืœืชื™ ืืช ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืฆ"ืœ ืžื” ืืขืฉื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืคืจ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืžื™, ื•ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืœื™: ืืœ ืชื“ืื’.
ื•ืื ื”ืจื‘ ืื•ืžืจ ืœื ืœื“ืื•ื’, ืื ื™ ืœื ื“ื•ืื’.
ื‘ื™ื•ื ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ื ืชื™ ืœืœื•ื•ืช ืืช ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืจื‘ ืœื‘ื™ืชื•, ืืš ื”ืจื‘ ืืžืจ ืœื™: ื‘ื•ื ื ืœืš ืืœื™ืš ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”. ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืจื‘ ืขืœื” ืœื‘ื™ืชื™, ื•ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืชืงื•ืคื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืขืœื™ืช ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื•ื”ื•ื ื ืฆืจืš ืœืขืœื•ืช ืขื“ ืœืงื•ืžื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื‘ืจื’ืœ. ื”ื•ื ืชืงืข ื‘ืฉื•ืคืจ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืžื™ ื•ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ืžืœื ืฉืžื—ื”, ืขื–ื‘ ื•ื”ืœืš.
(ืฉืœื•ื ืงื ื•ื ื™ืืŸ, ื ื”ื’ ื”ื•ื•ืชื™ืงื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘)
ืฉืืœื•ืช

ืฉื•ืคืจ ืขืœ ื‘ื˜ืŸ ืจื™ืงื” . ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืฉืœื ื• ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœืงื“ืฉ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืชืงื™ืขื•ืช. ื”ืื ืจืฆื•ื™ ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื›ืš ืื• ืœื”ืžืชื™ืŸ ืขื“ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”?
ืœื ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืชืงื™ืขื•ืช, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื›ืš. ืื™ืŸ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืœืคื ื™ ืงื™ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช "ืขืฉื”" ืžื”ืชื•ืจื”.

ืฉื™ืฉื•ื‘ื• ืœืฉืœื•ื. ื‘"ื” ืื ื• ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉื‘ื ื ื• ื”ื™"ื• ืžืชื’ื™ื™ืก ืœืฉืจื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ืฆื”"ืœ ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื™ื• ื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื”ื”ืกื“ืจ ื‘... ืชื•ื‘ื‘"ื ื•ืขื•ื“ ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ื ืขื™ืžื™ื. ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืืช ืชืคื™ืœืช ื”ืจื‘ ื•ื‘ืจื›ืชื• ืขื‘ื•ืจื• ื•ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื ืฉื™ื–ื›ื• ืœืžืœื ืชืคืงื™ื“ื ื•ื”ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื‘ื™ืชื ืœื—ื™ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ืœืฉืœื•ื. ื•ื’ื ืขื‘ื•ืจื ื• -ืฉืœื ื™ืจืš ืœื™ื‘ื ื• ืฉื ื—ื–ืงื”ื• ื•ื ืชืžื•ืš ื‘ื•.
ื–ืืช ื‘ืืžืช ื–ื›ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื”. ืžื™ ืœื ื• ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืฉื ืœื—ื ื‘ืกื™ื—ื•ืŸ ื•ืขื•ื’. ื‘ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ ืชื•ืจื” ืžืžืฉื” ื•ื ืœื—ื ื‘-31 ืžืœื›ื™ื. ืžื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื“ื•ื“ ื”ืžืœืš ืฉื ืœื—ื? ืžื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืžื ื•? ืžื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉื ืœื—ื ื‘ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ืžืœื›ื™ื.
ืจืื” ืžื” ืงืจื” ืœืžืชืชื™ื”ื• ื•ื‘ื ื™ื• ืฉื ืœื—ืžื• ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื”ื ืกื™ื™ืขืชื ื“ืฉืžื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื”. ืžื™ ืฉื ืžืฆื ื‘ืฆื‘ื ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉื” ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืขื ืงื™ืช. ื•ื–ื›ื•ืชื• ืขืฆื•ืžื”.
ืืฉืจื™ื›ื ืฉืืชื ืฉื•ืœื—ื™ื ืืช ื‘ื ื™ื›ื ืžืชื•ืš ืฉืžื—ื” ืฉืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ื™ืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื›ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื›ืœ ื›ืœ.
ื”ืจืžื‘"ื (ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืžืœื›ื™ื ืคืจืง ื– ื”ืœื›ื” ื˜ื•) ืคื•ืกืง ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืœื•ื—ื ืฉื ืœื—ื ืœืžืขืŸ ืฉืžื•: "ืฉืœื ื™ืžืฆื ื ื–ืง ื•ืœื ืชื’ื™ืขื”ื• ืจืขื” ื•ื™ื‘ื ื” ืœื• ื‘ื™ืช ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื™ื–ื›ื” ืœื• ื•ืœื‘ื ื™ื• ืขื“ ืขื•ืœื ื•ื™ื–ื›ื” ืœื—ื™ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื ืฉื ืืžืจ ื›ื™ ืขืฉื” ื™ืขืฉื” ื”' ืœืื“ื•ื ื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื ืืžืŸ ื›ื™ ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื”' ืื“ื•ื ื™ ื ืœื—ื ื•ืจืขื” ืœื ืชืžืฆื ื‘ืš ื•ื’ื•' ื•ื”ื™ืชื” ื ืคืฉ ืื“ื•ื ื™ ืฆืจื•ืจื” ื‘ืฆืจื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืืช ื”' ืืœื”ื™ืš:
ืฉื–ื• ื–ื›ื•ืช ืฉืชืขืžื•ื“ ืœื• ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื•ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื“ื•ืจื™ ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืœื‘ืŸ ืฉืœื›ื.





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