ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืžื“ื™ื ื”
  • ืžืืžืจื™ื ืืงื˜ื•ืืœื™ื™ื
  • ืžืœื—ืžืช "ื—ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื–ืœ"
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
  • ื”ืœื›ื” ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื•ืžื•ืกืจ
  • ื”ืœื›ื” ื•ืžื ื”ื’
  • ืจืคื•ืื” ื•ืฉืžื™ืจืช ื”ื ืคืฉ
undefined
5 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืžืื– ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ืชืคืจืกืžื• ื›ืžื” ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื›ื ื™ืกืชื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืœืžืงืœื˜ื™ื ื ื—ืกืžื”, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืžืงืจื” ื‘ืงืจื™ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืืœื™ืง ืฉื‘ื• ื ื—ืกืžื• ื–ื•ื’ ื‘ื ื™ ืฉื‘ืขื™ื. ื”ื—ื•ืง ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ (ืกืขื™ืฃ 15(ื•) ืœื—ื•ืง ื”ื”ืชื’ื•ื ื ื•ืช ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช, ืชืฉื™"ื-1951) ืื•ืกืจ ืขืœ ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืช ื–ื• ื•ืงื•ื‘ืข ื›ื™ "ื”ืžื—ื–ื™ืง ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืงืœื˜, ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ืชืงืคื” ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื›ืœ ืื“ื ื”ื ืžืฆื ืกืžื•ืš ืœืžืงื•ื ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืžืงืœื˜ ื•ืœืฉื”ื•ืช ื‘ื• ื›ืœ ืฉืขืช ื”ื”ืชืงืคื”".
ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื™ ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื” ืžื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžื‘ื˜ ืชื•ืจื ื™ืช ืžืฉื ื™ ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื. ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœ ื“ื™ ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘, ื”ื•ื ื”ืฉืืœื” ื‘ืื™ืœื• ืžืงืจื™ื ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื• ื”ื›ื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืง ืขืœ ืขืžื“ื” ืžื•ืกืจื™ืช. ื”ืฉื ื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ืื ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืื›ื™ืคื” ืขืœ ื›ืš ืชื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ืช ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ.
ื”ื™ื—ืก ืœืื™ึพื”ื›ื ืกื” ืœืžืงืœื˜
ืจืืฉื™ืช, ืงื•ื“ื ืฉื ื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื—ืก ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืง ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืžื” ื”ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื”ืœื›ื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ืขืฆืžื•. ื™ืฉื ื” ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ ืื•ืจื— ืœืžืงืœื˜ ืžื“ื™ืŸ "ืœื ืชืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ื“ื ืจืขืš", ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš (ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืจืœื–): "ืฉืœื ื ื™ืžื ืข ืžืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ื ืคืฉ ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ืฉื ืจืื”ื• ื‘ืกื›ื ืช ื”ืžื™ืชื” ื•ื”ืื‘ื“ื”, ื•ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ืฆื™ืœื• ื‘ืฉื•ื ืฆื“, ืฉื ืืžืจ 'ืœื ืชืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ื“ื ืจืขืš'". ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื™ืจื• ืืช ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืื–ืขืงื” ื›ืกื›ื ื”, ืœืžืฉืœ ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืžืงืœื˜ ืืฃ ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” (ื”ืจื‘ ื ืจื™ื” ื’ื•ื˜ืœ ื‘ืกืคืจ 'ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื”ืžืœื•ื›ื”', ืคืจืง ื”).
ื”ืคืขืœืช ื›ื•ื— ืฉืœื˜ื•ื ื™ ืขืœ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช
ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื: "ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืขืฉื”, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ: ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื• ืขืฉื” ืกื•ื›ื” ื•ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื”, ืœื•ืœื‘ ื•ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื”, ืขืฉื” ืฆื™ืฆื™ืช ื•ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื” โ€“ ืžื›ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ืขื“ ืฉืชืฆื ื ืคืฉื•" (ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ืคื•, ื). ื‘ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช: "ื•ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื”ืงืข"ื• ื”ื™ื ืฉืฆื™ื•ื•ื ื• ืœืžื ื•ืช ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื•ืฉื•ื˜ืจื™ื ืฉื™ื›ืจื™ื—ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”" (ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืขืฉื” ืงืขื•). ืžื˜ืจืชื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืคื™ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืงื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ (ืจืฉ"ื™ ืฉื). ืขืœ ืคื™ ื–ื”, ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ ืื•ืจื— ืœืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ืžื•ื’ืŸ, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ึพื”ื›ื ืกื” ื”ื™ื ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื“ื™ืŸ "ืœื ืชืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ื“ื ืจืขืš", ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื—ื•ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื›ืคื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืš.
ืขืœ ืžื™ ืžื•ื˜ืœ ื”ื—ื™ื•ื‘?
ื”ืื ื”ืœื›ื” ื–ื• ืžื•ื˜ืœืช ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื•ื™ื—ื™ื“, ืื• ืขืœ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื‘ื“? ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื ืœืขื™ืœ, ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื›ืคื™ื™ื” ืžื•ื˜ืœืช ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื•ื”ืฉื•ื˜ืจื™ื. ื‘ืขืœ ืงืฆื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืฉืŸ ื‘ืกืคืจื• 'ืžืฉื•ื‘ื‘ ื ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช' (ื’, ื) ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื•ื›ืชื‘ ืฉืžื ื™ืขืช ืื“ื ืžืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืฉื•ื ื” ืžื”ื›ืื” ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืขืฉื”. ืื“ื ืคืจื˜ื™ ืื™ื ื• ืจืฉืื™ ืœื›ืคื•ืช ืืช ื—ื‘ืจื• ืœืงื™ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื•ื”, ืืš ืจืฉืื™ ืœืžื•ื ืขื• ืžืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจ. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ื–ื” ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืžื ื™ืขืช ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื™ื ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ืช, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื˜ืœืช ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืงื˜ื ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืื™ื ื” ื™ืขื™ืœื”, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืขืฉื” ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืคืขื•ืœ, ื•ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืกื“ืจ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ืžื›ืชื™ื‘ ืฉื”ืคืขืœืช ื›ื•ื— ืชื”ื™ื” ืžืกื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“.
ื‘ื ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื•, ืื™ึพื”ื›ื ืกื” ืœืžืจื—ื‘ ืžื•ื’ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœื ืชืขืฉื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ื”ื›ืคื™ื™ื” ื›ืืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ืขืฉื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืœ ืื“ื.
ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืกืžื•ื›ื™ื
ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื›ืคื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืžื•ื˜ืœืช ืขืœ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ, ืขื•ืœื” ื”ืฉืืœื”: ื”ืื ื›ื™ื•ื, ื›ืืฉืจ ืœื‘ืชื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉื ื” ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืžื•ืขื˜ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื‘ื˜ืœื” ื”ืกืžื™ื›ื”, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉ ื‘ืกืžื›ื•ืช ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืœื›ืคื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช?
ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ื™ืจืื™ื (ืงืกื“) ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื›ืคื™ ืฉื›ืœ ืขื ื™ืฉื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืžืกื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ืกืžื•ื›ื™ื, ืืฃ ื”ื›ืื” ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื›ืคื™ื™ื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืžืกื•ืจื” ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืœื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ืกืžื•ื›ื™ื, ื•ืœืคื™ ื–ื” ื›ื™ื•ื ืื™ืŸ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ื›ืœื™ ื–ื”.
ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ
ืืš ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื™ื ื‘ื–ื”. ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืžืœื›ื™ื (ื“, ื•) ืฉื•ื˜ื— ืืช ื™ืขื“ื™ื” ื•ืžื˜ืจื•ืชื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช: "ื•ืชื”ื™ื” ืžื’ืžืชื• ื•ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื• (ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœืš) ืœื”ืจื™ื ื“ืช ื”ืืžืช, ื•ืœืžืœืื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฆื“ืง, ื•ืœืฉื‘ื•ืจ ื–ืจื•ืข ื”ืจืฉืขื™ื ื•ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื”', ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžืžืœื™ื›ื™ืŸ ืžืœืš ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืืœื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช, ืฉื ืืžืจ 'ื•ืฉืคื˜ื ื• ืžืœื›ื ื• ื•ื™ืฆื ืœืคื ื™ื ื• ื•ื ืœื—ื ืืช ืžืœื—ืžื•ืชื™ื ื•'". ืื•ืœื ื”ืœืฉื•ืŸ "ืœื”ืจื™ื ื“ืช ื”ืืžืช" ืžืขื•ืจืคืœืช, ืœื›ืŸ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ื™ืขื–ืจ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ื›ืœื•ืœ ื‘ื–ื”.
ื‘ืชื™ืื•ืจ ืžืขืฉื™ื• ืฉืœ ืžืœืš ื”ืžืฉื™ื— ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื: "ืžืœืš ืžื‘ื™ืช ื“ื•ื“ ื”ื•ื’ื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื›ื“ื•ื“ ืื‘ื™ื•, ื›ืคื™ ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื•ืฉื‘ืขืœ ืคื”, ื•ื™ื›ื•ืฃ ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื™ืœืš ื‘ื” ื•ืœื—ื–ืง ื‘ื“ืงื”" (ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืžืœื›ื™ื ื™ื, ื“). ื‘ืžืงื•ืจ ื–ื” ืœืฉื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ืจื•ืจื”, ืฉืขืœ ื”ืžืœืš ืžื•ื˜ืœ ืœืื›ื•ืฃ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื”.
ืื•ืžื ื ื›ื™ื•ื ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ืื™ื ืŸ ื›ื•ืœืœื•ืช ืžืœืš, ืื•ืœื ื™ื“ื•ืข ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืžืจืŸ ื”ืจืื™"ื” ืงื•ืง ื–ืฆ"ืœ (ืžืฉืคื˜ ื›ื”ืŸ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืงืžื“) ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืกืžื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืœืš: "ื ืจืื™ื ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ืฉื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžืœืš, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื”ืžืœื•ื›ื” ื”ื ื’ื ื›ืŸ ืžื” ืฉื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžืฆื‘ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืžื”, ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืืœื” ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ืœื™ื“ ื”ืื•ืžื” ื‘ื›ืœืœื”. ื•ื‘ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื ืจืื” ืฉื’ื ื›ืœ ืฉื•ืคื˜ ืฉืงื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื“ื™ืŸ ืžืœืš ื™ืฉ ืœื•, ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืžื” ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื”ืžืœื•ื›ื”, ื•ื‘ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ืœืžื” ืฉื ื•ื’ืข ืœื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื”ื›ืœืœ". ื•ืขืœ ืคื™ ื–ื”, ืกืžื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืœืš ืžื•ื˜ืœื•ืช ื›ื™ื•ื ืขืœ ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช.
ืื ื›ืŸ, ื—ื•ืฅ ืžื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื”ืžื•ื˜ืœืช ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ, ื”ื›ืคื•ืคื” ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืกืžื•ื›ื™ื, ืžื•ื˜ืœืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืืฃ ืขืœ ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืืฃ ื›ื™ื•ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื˜ืœืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื”ื‘ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืขืœ ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื.
ื”ืื ืœื›ืคื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื›ื™ื•ื?
ื›ืขืช ืขื•ืœื” ื”ืฉืืœื”: ื”ืื ื’ื ื›ื™ื•ื, ื›ืืฉืจ ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ื™ืฉ ืœื›ืคื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช?
ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื ื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉืืœื” ื–ื•, ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืขื ื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉืืœื” ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ืช ืขืœ ื“ื™ืŸ ื–ื”: ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื‘ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœืฉื ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ืžืฆื•ื” (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš ืื•ืจื— ื—ื™ื™ื ืก, ื“), ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืžืืžืจ, ืขื™ืงืจ ืžื˜ืจืช ื”ื›ืคื™ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื”, ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืžืขืฉื” ืฉื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžื›ืคื™ื™ื” ื ืขืฉื” ืœืฉื ืžืฆื•ื•ื”?
ื”ืจื™ื˜ื‘"ื (ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื›ื—, ื) ืขื•ื ื” ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื–ื• ื‘ื”ืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกืžื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืคื™ื™ืช ื’ื˜: "ื–ื” ืฉืื™ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื’ืจืฉ ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ ืจื•ืฆื” ื”ื•ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืชืจื—ืง ืžืŸ ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื™ืฆืจื• ื”ื•ื ืฉืชืงืคื• ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื›ื” ืขื“ ืฉืชืฉืฉ ื™ืฆืจื• ื•ืืžืจ ืจื•ืฆื” ืื ื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ื’ืจืฉ ืœืจืฆื•ื ื•" (ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื‘, ื›). ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื›ืืฉืจ ืื“ื ืžืงื‘ืœ ืขืœื™ื• ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืชืื•ื•ื” ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื”ื•ื ื ืžื ืข ืžืงื™ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืืฉืจ ื›ื•ืคื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉื” ืื•ืชื” ืœืฉื ืžืฆื•ื•ื”.
ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ื‘ื ื” ื–ื• ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืžื”ืจื™"ืง (ืฉื•ืจืฉ ืกื’) ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืื“ื ื ืชืจืฆื” ืœืชืช ื’ื˜ ืจืง ื‘ืื“ื ืฉื”ื•ื, ื›ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื, "ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืจื•ืฆื” ื”ื•ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืชืจื—ืง ืžืŸ ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช", ืืš ืื“ื ืฉืื™ื ื• ื—ืคืฅ ื›ืœืœ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื” ืœืฉื ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื•ืื™ื ื• ื™ื•ืฆื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืชื• ื‘ืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ืช.
ืื ื›ืŸ, ืขื•ืœื” ืฉืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื›ืคื•ืช ืื“ื ืขืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืขืฉื” ื›ืืฉืจ ื’ื ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื™ืขืฉื” ืืช ืžืขืฉื” ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืžื—ืžืช ื”ื›ืคื™ื™ื” ืœื ื™ืฆื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืชื• ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœืฉื ืžืฆื•ื•ื”, ื•ื›ืš ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืื•ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื‘'ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื™' (ืกื•ืฃ ืกื™ืžืŸ ื™). ื˜ืขื ื–ื” ืฉื™ื™ืš ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืขืฉื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืืš ืžื ื™ืขืช ืื“ื ืžืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ื” ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืžืฆื“ ื”ืื“ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืจืฉื” ืžืื™ืกื•ืจ ืฉื™ื™ืš ืืฃ ื›ื™ื•ื.
ืขื ื–ืืช, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ื–ื” ื‘ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉื‘ื” ืจื•ื‘ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืื™ื ื ื• ืฉื•ืชืฃ ืœื”ื ื—ื•ืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืžื•ืกืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ืžืชื‘ืกืก ื—ื•ืง ืžืกื•ื™ื, ืื›ื™ืคืชื• ื‘ื›ื•ื— ืชื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืชื’ื•ื‘ืช ื ื’ื“ ื•ืชืคืขืœ ื ื’ื“ ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ืœืฉืžื” ื—ื•ืงืง.
ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื™
ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืฉืืœื” ืžืชื™ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ื›ืคื™ื™ื” ื‘ืจืžื” ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช, ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ืฉื™ื— ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ืฉื•ืœื˜ืช, ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืงืœื™ื ืœื›ืืŸ ื•ืœื›ืืŸ, ื”ืชืคื™ืกื” ื”ืœื™ื‘ืจืœื™ืช (ื‘ืžื•ื‘ื ื” ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื”, ืœื ื›ื›ื™ื ื•ื™ ืœืชืคื™ืกื•ืช ืฉืžืืœ) ื”ืžืชื•ืžืฆืชืช ื‘ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ื”ื”ื™ื–ืง ืฉืœ ื’'ื•ืŸ ืกื˜ื™ื•ืืจื˜ ืžื™ืœ: "ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืืฉืจ ืœืžืขื ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ื›ื•ื— ื‘ืฆื“ืง ื›ืœืคื™ ื›ืœ ื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืžืชื•ืจื‘ืชืช ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืจืฆื•ื ื•, ื”ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ื ื–ืง ืœืื—ืจื™ื" ('ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ืจื•ืช', ืขืžื•ื“ 53). ื‘ื ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ืฉืœืคื ื™ื ื•, ืืฃ ืœืคื™ ืขืงืจื•ืŸ ื”ื”ื™ื–ืง ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื›ืคื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืžืงืœื˜, ืฉื›ืŸ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื ื™ืขืช ื ื–ืง ืœืื—ืจื™ื, ืื•ืœื ื™ืฉื ื ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื™ืฉ ืคืขืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืคื™ืกื” ื–ื• ืœืชืคื™ืกืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”.
ื‘ืจืืฉ ื•ื‘ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ืชืคื™ืกื” ื–ื• ืžื ื™ื—ื” ื›ื™ ืจืง ื ื–ืง ืคื™ื–ื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื–ืง, ืืš ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉืœืชืคื™ืกืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื–ืง ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืื™ื ื ื• ืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจืชื•, ื•ืืฃ ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจืชื• ืขืœ ื ื–ืง ืคื™ื–ื™. ื•ืžืœื‘ื“ ื”ื ื–ืง ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™, ื™ืฉื ื• ื ื–ืง ื ื•ืกืฃ. ื”ืื›ื™ืคื” ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ื ื™ืช ืžื™ื•ืขื“ืช ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื”. ื•ื›ืœ ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืชื‘ืกืกืช ืขืœ ืขื•ืœื ืขืจื›ื™ื ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ (ืžื” ืฉืžื›ื•ื ื” ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื•ืช "ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ื”ื”ืกื›ืžื™ื•ืช"), ื›ืš ืฉื”ื ื–ืง ื”ื ื•ื‘ืข ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื”ื™ืžื ืขื•ืช ื”ืื›ื™ืคื” ืขืœ ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืžื•ืกืจื™ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืงื™ื•ืžื™, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืžืจืŸ ื”ืจืื™"ื” ืงื•ืง ื–ืฆ"ืœ ืฉื—ื™ื™ื• ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื™ื•ืกื“ื™ื ืขืœ "ื”ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืฉืœ ืฉื ื”ืฉื™"ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืืœื•ืงื™ ืขื•ืœื, ืฉื•ืžืจ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื•ื”ื—ืกื“ ื•ื›ืœ ืื•ืจื—ื•ืช ื”ืฆื“ืง, ืฉื”ื ืžื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื" (ืื’ืจื•ืช ื”ืจืื™"ื”, ืื™ื’ืจืช ื›).
ืกื™ื›ื•ื
ื—ืงื™ืงืช ื”ื—ื•ืง ื”ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ ืื•ืจื— ืœืžืงืœื˜ ื”ื™ื ืžืขืฉื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ืฉื›ืŸ ืื™ึพื”ื›ื ืกืช ืื“ื ืœืžืงืœื˜ ื”ื™ื ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจ "ืœื ืชืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ื“ื ืจืขืš", ื•ื—ืœืง ืžืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืืช ืขืจื›ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ ื‘ื—ืงื™ืงื”. ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื• ื”ื›ื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืง ืœืื›ื™ืคื” ืขืœ ืขืžื“ื” ืžื•ืกืจื™ืช ื”ื›ืจื—ื™, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ื ื•ื™ื” ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืขืจื›ื™ ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ, ืฉื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืžืจืŸ ื”ืจืื™"ื” ืงื•ืง ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื ืžื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื, ื•ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ื‘ืกื™ืก ื–ื” ื”ื™ื ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืงื™ื•ืžื™ืช.
ื”ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื”ื•ื ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื‘ื™ืช ืืœ. ื”ืžืืžืจ ื ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืœื™ื•ื•ื™ ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉ ื•ืžื›ื•ืŸ 'ืชื•ืจืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”'
ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ 'ื‘ืฉื‘ืข'

ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
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