ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืกืคืจื™ื”
  • ืื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ
  • ืคืจืง ื’'
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
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16 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”

ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืœืจืคื•ืืช

ืจื‘ืงื” ื‘ืช ืฆื™ืœื”

ื›ืฉื”ืื•ืจ ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™, ืฉื”ื ืฉืžื” ืžืจื’ืฉืช ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื—ื•ืฉื™ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœืœื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื‘ืขืฆื ื’ื‘ื”ื• ื•ืชืงืฃ ื–ื”ืจื•, ืขื•ืœื” ืœืžืจื•ืžื™ ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืชื• ื•ืžืชืจื—ื‘ ืœื›ืœ ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืชื™ื• ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช, ื‘ืื“ื ื•ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืชืจื•ืžืžืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื•, ื•ืžืชื—ื‘ืจืช ื‘ื—ื‘ื•ืจ ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ื–ื•ื”ืจ, ืžืœื ื—ื™ื™ื ื—ื›ืžื” ื—ืกื“ ื•ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ื ืฆื— ื•ื”ื•ื“, ื•ืžืชืขื˜ืจืช ื‘ืืœื•ื”ื•ืช ื”ืžืชื’ืœื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื•ื™ื”, ืฉื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืชื’ืœื” ืื– ื›ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืžืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ, ื”ื‘ื ืžืžืงื•ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ืขืจืฅ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืฉื™ืจ ื•ืžืžื•ืœื ืื•ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืกื•ืฃ ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื•ืœืฉืœืžื•ืช. ื•ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื–ื” ื›ืคื™ ื’ื“ืœื• ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื•ืžืฉืคื™ืข ื”ืืจื•ืช ืขืœื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืงื•ื, ื•ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ืœื ืฉืžื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ ืขื•ืœื, ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ื‘ืขืฆื ื”ื•ื™ืชื ื‘ืฉืžื—ืช ื“' ื‘ืžืขืฉื™ื•.
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœืงืœื™ื˜ืช ืื•ืจ ื ืขืœื” ื–ื”, ื”ืžืœื ืฉืœืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช ืžืจื•ื‘ืช ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ื•ื’ื•ื ื™ื ืžืจื”ื™ื‘ื™ื, ืื“ื™ืจื™ื ื•ื ืฆื—ื™ื™ื, ืฆืจื™ืš ืจื•ื— ืขื ื•ื” ืชืžื™ืžื” ื‘ืขืฆื ื˜ื”ืจืชื”, ืขื ื•ื” ื˜ื”ื•ืจื” ื”ืžื“ืจื™ื›ื” ืขื– ื•ืžื•ืกื™ืคื” ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื•ื—ืคืฅ ื—ืกื“ ื›ืœืœื™ ืœื›ืœ ื”ื™ืงื•ื, ื”ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ืขื ื”ื›ืจืช ืืžืช ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ื•ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื—ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ืืœื™ื”, ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื” ื”ื•ื ืžืชืžืœื ืฆืžืื•ืŸ ืœืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื•ืจื ื ืช ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืจืขื ื ื” ื•ื ืขืœืกื”.


ืคื™ืกืงื” ื–ื• ืžื—ื•ืœืงืช ืœืฉื ื™ ื—ืœืงื™ื. ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืื—ื“ ืžื‘ืจืจ ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื” ืœืื•ืจ ื“', ื•ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืฉื ื™ ืžื‘ืืจ ืืช ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืื“ื ืคืจื˜ื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงืœื•ื˜ ืืช ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืžื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื”ืื“ื ื”ืžื•ื›ืŸ ื•ื”ืžื•ื›ืฉืจ ืœื›ืš, ื”ื•ื ื”ืฆื“ื™ืง.

ื™ืฉื ื ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ื™ื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื™ื ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื™ืฉื™ืจื”, ื›ืžื• ืœืžืฉืœ ื‘ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ืื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื• ืฉืœ ื“' ืืœ ืขื‘ื“ื™ื• ื”ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื, ืžืขื™ืŸ ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื’ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืคืกื— - "ืื ื™ ื•ืœื ืžืœืืš, ืื ื™ ื•ืœื ืฉืœื™ื—". ืœืขื•ืžืชื”, ื™ืฉื ื” ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืฉืื™ื ื” ื™ืฉื™ืจื”, ื”ื ืขืฉื™ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืืžืฆืขื™ื, ืžืกื›ื™ื ื•ื›ืœื™ื. ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื›ื–ื”, ื”ื›ืœื™ ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ืกืชื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ืžืคืขื™ืœ, ื›ื™ ื ื“ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื• (ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื ืงืจื ื’ื 'ืžืกืš', ืฉื›ืžื•ื”ื• ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื“ื™ืœ ื•ืžืกืชื™ืจ). ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคืขืžื™ื ื ื“ืžื” ืœื ื• ืฉื™ืฉื ื• ื›ื•ื— ืื• ืืžืฆืขื™ ืื—ืจ, ืฉื’ื ืื ืœื ืจืง ื”ื•ื ื”ืคื•ืขืœ, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื•ื•ื“ืื™ ื’ื ื”ื•ื ืžืขื•ืจื‘ ื•ืขื•ืฉื” ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืคืขื•ืœื”. ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืชื•, ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ืชืฃ ืฉืœื•. ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืืœื™ื• ืฉื–ื• ื˜ืขื•ืช, ื›ื™ ืœืงื‘"ื” ืืฃ ืคืขื ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื; ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื• ื ืจืื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ืฉื™ืฉื ื ืื™ ืื™ืœื• ืžืกื›ื™ื, ืืžืฆืขื™ื ื•ื›ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื“'. ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื” ืœืžืจื•ืžื™ ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืชื• ื–ื• ื”ื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืžืฆืขื™ืช.

ื›ืฉื”ืื•ืจ ืขื•ืœื” ืœืžืจื•ืžื™ ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืชื• , ื’ื ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืชืจื•ืžืžืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื• . ื•ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืื•ืจ ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ ืฉื•ืคืข ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืชื•ืคืกืช ืžืงื•ื ืจื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ืžืชื—ื‘ืจืช ื‘ื—ื‘ื•ืจ ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ื–ื•ื”ืจ, ืžืœื ื—ื™ื™ื ื—ื›ืžื” ื—ืกื“ ื•ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ื ืฆื— ื•ื”ื•ื“ . ื•ื–ืืช, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืงื•ืœื˜ืช ืืช ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”, ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ื”ื™ื ืžืชื’ืœื” , ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืžืื™ืจื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื”. ื”ื™ื ืžืชื’ืœื” ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืžืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ, ื”ื‘ื ืžืžืงื•ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ืขืจืฅ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืฉื™ืจ ื•ืžืžื•ืœื ืื•ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืกื•ืฃ . ื–ื” ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืคืขื ื•ื— ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ืžืฉืœื” ืœืœื‘ื ื” (ืจืž"ื ืชื›ื•, ื‘). ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ืœื‘ื ื” ืงื•ืœื˜ืช ืืช ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ืžื” ื•ืžืื™ืจื”, ื›ืš ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืื™ืจื” ืžื”ืื•ืจ ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™. ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืื•ืจ ืฉื•ืคืข ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื’ื ืขื•ืฆืžืช ื”ื”ืืจื” ืฉืœ ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืžืขืœืชื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžืชื’ืœื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืจื•ืžืžื•ืช ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ , ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืขื•ืฆืžืช ื”ื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช ื›ืœืคื™ื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืืœื•ื”ื™ ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ืื•ืžื”, ืžืชื‘ื˜ื ื’ื ื‘ืžื“ืจื’ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืฉืœื” ืขืฆืžื”. ื›ืš ืงืจื”, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื, ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™. ื›ืืฉืจ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ - ืžื‘ื˜ืื™ื” ืฉืœ ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ื—ื•ื ื™ื ืœืžืจื’ืœื•ืช ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™, ื”ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœื“ืจื’ื” ืžื•ืคืœืื” ืฉืœ "ื›ึผึธืœ ืขึทื ื“' ื ึฐื‘ึดื™ืึดื™ื" (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื, ื›ื˜) (ืขืœ ื“ืจื’ื” ื–ื• ืืžืจ ืžืฉื” ืื—ืจ ื›ืš "ื•ึผืžึดื™ ื™ึดืชึผึตืŸ" (ืฉื) ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื›ืš. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™, ื›ื•ืœื, ื›ืžื• ื”ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื, ืฉืžืขื• ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจ ื“'). ืขื•ื“ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื—ื–"ืœ, ืฉื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื‘ื ื ื—ืฉ ืขืœ ื—ื•ื” ื”ื˜ื™ืœ ื‘ื” ื–ื•ื”ืžื. ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืขืžื“ื• ืขืœ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ - ืคืกืงื” ื–ื•ื”ืžืชืŸ" (ืฉื‘ืช ืงืžื•.) ื•ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช (ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื”, ืคืจืฉื” ื—). ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืขืฆื•ืžื”, ืขื“ ืœื“ืจื’ื” ืฉืœ ืงืœื™ื˜ื” ื™ืฉื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™. ื’ื ื‘ืงืจื™ืขืช ื™ื ืกื•ืฃ, "ืจืืชื” ืฉืคื—ื” ืขืœ ื”ื™ื ืžื” ืฉืœื ืจืื”ื• ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ" (ืžื›ื™ืœืชื ื‘ืฉืœื—, ืคืจืง ื˜ื•).

ื”ื ืฉืžื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื—ื•ืฉื™ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ ื‘ื›ืœืœื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ ื ืงืœื˜ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ื›ืœืœื•ืช, ื›ืชื•ืคืขื” ืื—ืช ื›ืœืœื™ืช ื•ืœื ื›ืžืคื•ืจื˜ืช ืœืื™ืฉื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื. ื’ื ื”ื ืฉืžื” ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ืช ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื” ืืช ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื›ืœืœื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ืฉื›ืŸ, ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืžื™ ืฉืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื“ืจื›ื” ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช, ืฉื•ืžืจ ื•ืžืฉื’ื™ื— ืขืœื™ื”, ื”ื•ื ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ . ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืื ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืœืื™ืฉ ืžืกื•ื™ื ืื• ืœืงื”ื™ืœื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช, ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช, ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช, ืชื ืื™ื ื•ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื, ื•ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ืœื”ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžืขืจืš ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื ื•ืช ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช. ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉืกื•ืงืจื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™ ืืช ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ืœื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ - ืœื›ืœ ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื, ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืื•ืจืขื•ืช, ืžืชื‘ืจืจ ื•ืžืชื’ืœื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ืชื•ืคืขื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ื‘ืžื™ื ื” ืฉืื™ื ื ื” ื ืชื•ื ื” ืชื—ืช ืขื•ืœ ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื”. ืœื›ืื•ืจื”, ื–ื• ืืžื™ืจื” ืคืจื“ื•ืงืกืœื™ืช: ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืืช ืงื•ืจื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืคืจื˜ ื•ืคืจื˜, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืืช ืืœื• ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืœืœ ื›ื•ืœื•, ืืฃ ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืจืง ืกื›ื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื. ื•ืืžื ื, ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืฆืขื“ ื•ืฉืขืœ: ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืชื ื•ืชื ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ืœืคื™ ืžืงื•ืžื• ื•ืขื ื™ื™ื ื•, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื–ื ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ, ืืช ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชืื™ื, ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืžื” ืื—ืจืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื ืช ืคืขื•ืœืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ.

ื›ืืŸ, ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืฉื’ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื“ ื‘ื›ืชื‘ื™ ื”ืจื‘ ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช - ื”ื›ืœืœ. ืจืžืช ื”ื›ืœืœ ื”ื™ื ืจืžื” ืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืชืคื™ืฉื” ืœืขื•ืžืช ืจืžืช ื”ืคืจื˜. ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืœื™ ืคืจื˜ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืืœื• ืฉืชื™ ืชืคื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื’ื ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืคืจื˜ื™ื. ืืคืฉืจ ืœืชืคื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ืคืจื˜ ื‘ืจืžืช ื”ืคืจื˜ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ - ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื• ื•ืชืคืงื•ื“ื•, ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœืชืคื•ืฉ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืจืžืช ื”ื›ืœืœ, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœื• ืืœ ื”ื›ืœืœ, ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื”. ืืฃ ืฉืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื–ื• ืชืžื™ื“ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ืžืคืจื˜ื™ื, ื”ื™ื ืœื ืจืง ืกืš ืฉืœ ืคืจื˜ื™ื, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืฉื•ื ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ืื™ื ื” ืจืง ืกืš ืฉืœ ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื”, ื•ื‘ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉืฉื•ื ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื–ื ืื™ื ื• ืจืง ืกืš ืืจื™ืชืžื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ืชืื™ื, ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ืขืœื™ื• ืฉืขืจื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ืชืื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืงืœ ื–ื”ื” ืชื”ื™ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืื•ืชื• ื“ื‘ืจ. ื”ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื•ื ืœื ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื, ืืœื ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืฉืžื’ื“ื™ืจื™ื ื•ืžื›ืชื™ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืชืคืงื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืคืจื˜ ื•ืคืจื˜ ื‘ื”ืชืืžืชื• ืœื›ืœืœ. ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช, ื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ื‘ืจืžืช ื”ืคืจื˜, ืชื”ื™ื” ืžืื“ ืœื ืฉืœืžื” ืื ืœื ื ืชืคื•ืฉ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืจืžืช ื”ื›ืœืœ. ืœืžืฉืœ, ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืฉืœ ืื“ื ืื• ื‘ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื. ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื”, ื™ืฉ ื”ืชื—ืœืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชืื™ื ื–ื”ื™ื, ื•ืœืคืชืข ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืชืื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื. ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื–ื” ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ: ื”ืชืื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืื• ื›ื•ืœื ืžืื•ืชื• ืชื ืฉื”ืชื—ืœืง, ื”ื ื ืจืื™ื ื–ื”ื™ื ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ, ื•ืคืชืื•ื ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืžืคืชื— ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืžืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•. ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื–ื” ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืคื” ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื”ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ืืช ื”ื›ืœืœ, ืืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช, ื”ืžื›ืชื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ืชืคืงื•ื“ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœื›ืœ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื. ืชืคื™ืฉืช ื”ื›ืœืœ ื”ื™ื ืชืคื™ืฉื” ื‘ืจืžื” ืฉื•ื ื”, ื•ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื”ื™ื ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ื‘ื•ื“ืื™ ื‘ื™ืชืจ ืฉืœืžื•ืช, ื’ื ืืช ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจื˜, ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ืฉืœื• ืขื ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื, ื•ื›ืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœื•.

ืืคืฉืจ ืœื“ืขืช ืžื™ ื”ื™ื• ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื™ืฉ ื•ืื™ืฉ ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื‘ืื™ื–ื” 'ื—ื“ืจ' ื”ื•ื ืœืžื“, ืžื” ืขืฉื” ื•ื‘ืžื” ื”ื›ื™ืฉืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœื•. ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื–ื” - ื”ื•ื ื—ืœืง ืžื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื’ื ื‘ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ื”ืœื›ืชื™ืช. ืœืžืฉืœ, ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื•ื”ื™ื—ืก ืœืื“ื ืฉื ืคื˜ืจ ื”ื•ื ืœืคื™ ื”ืžืขืฉื™ื ืฉืขืฉื” ื‘ืขื•ื“ื• ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื. ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™, ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื” ืฉื™ื”ื™ื”, ื ื”ืจื’ ืขืœ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”ืฉื, ื•ื”ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ืœื›ืš ื”ื™ื, ืฉื ื”ืจื’ ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™, ืื™ืŸ ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืŸ ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื•. ื›ื‘ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืฉืืœื” ืžื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืขืœืชื• ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื—ืก ืืœื™ื• ื ืขืฉื” ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื”ืกืชื›ืœื•ืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช. ื‘ืžื•ืชื•, ื”ื•ื ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ืืช ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ื•ืœื•. ืืฆืœื•, ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื–ื• ืฉื‘ื•ืœื˜ืช ื•ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื ืขืœืžื”, ื ื‘ืœืขื” ืœื’ืžืจื™. ื•ืœื›ืŸ, "ื”ืจื•ื’ื™ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ืื“ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืžื—ื™ืฆืชืŸ" (ืคืกื—ื™ื ื .). ืœื ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืฉื•ื ืฆื“ื™ืง ืคืจื˜ื™, ืืคื™ืœื• ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื“, ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืžื—ื™ืฆืชื• ืฉืœ ืžื™ ืฉื ื”ืจื’ ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™, ื—ืœืง ืžื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื–ื” ืœื ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื•, ืฉื›ืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื” ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” - ื–ื• ืžื“ืจื’ืชื• ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ืช. ื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืžืื“, ืื‘ืœ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืจื˜ื™ืช, ื•ื”ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืขื•ืฆืžืชื” ืžืŸ ื”ืžื“ืจื’ื” ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช.

ื‘ื›ืœ ืชื ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื’ืจื’ืจ, ื™ืฉ ืื•ืจ ืืœื•ื”ื™. ืื ืœืžืฉื”ื• ื™ืฉ ื—ื™ื™ื, ืงื™ื•ื ื•ืžืžืฉื•ืช, ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืื•ืจ ืืœื•ื”ื™, ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจืช. ืื‘ืœ ืจืง ื‘ื›ืœืœื•ืช, ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื ืชืคืฉ ื‘ืขืฆื ื’ื‘ื”ื• ื•ืชืงืฃ ื–ื”ืจื• . ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื™ืฉื ืŸ ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ืฉืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ื’ืžืจื (ื™ื•ืžื ืคื•.): "ื•ึฐืึธื”ึทื‘ึฐืชึผึธ ืึตืช ื“' ืึฑืœึนื•ื”ึถื™ืšึธ" (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื•, ื”) - ืฉื™ื”ื ืฉื ืฉืžื™ื ืžืชืื”ื‘ ืขืœ ื™ื“ืš. ืฉื™ื”ื ืงื•ืจื ื•ืฉื•ื ื” ื•ืžืฉืžืฉ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ื•ื™ื”ื ืžืฉืื• ื•ืžืชื ื• ื‘ื ื—ืช ืขื ื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช, ืžื” ื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ืื•ืžืจื•ืช ืขืœื™ื• - ืืฉืจื™ ืื‘ื™ื• ืฉืœืžื“ื• ืชื•ืจื”, ืืฉืจื™ ืจื‘ื• ืฉืœืžื“ื• ืชื•ืจื”. ืื•ื™ ืœื”ื ืœื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ืœืžื“ื• ืชื•ืจื”, ืคืœื•ื ื™ ืฉืœืžื“ื• ืชื•ืจื” - ืจืื• ื›ืžื” ื ืื™ื ื“ืจื›ื™ื•, ื›ืžื” ืžืชื•ืงื ื™ื ืžืขืฉื™ื•, ืขืœื™ื• ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืื•ืžืจ "ื•ึทื™ึผึนืืžึถืจ ืœึดื™ ืขึทื‘ึฐื“ึผึดื™ ืึธืชึผึธื” ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื‘ึผึฐืšึธ ืึถืชึฐืคึผึธืึธืจ" (ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ืžื˜, ื’). ืื‘ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืงื•ืจื ื•ืฉื•ื ื” ื•ืžืฉืžืฉ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžืฉืื• ื•ืžืชื ื• ื‘ืืžื•ื ื”, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ื•ืจื• ื‘ื ื—ืช ืขื ื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช, ืžื” ื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ืื•ืžืจื•ืช ืขืœื™ื• - ืื•ื™ ืœื• ืœืคืœื•ื ื™ ืฉืœืžื“ ืชื•ืจื”, ืื•ื™ ืœื• ืœืื‘ื™ื• ืฉืœืžื“ื• ืชื•ืจื”, ืื•ื™ ืœื• ืœืจื‘ื• ืฉืœืžื“ื• ืชื•ืจื”. ืคืœื•ื ื™ ืฉืœืžื“ ืชื•ืจื” - ืจืื• ื›ืžื” ืžืงื•ืœืงืœื™ืŸ ืžืขืฉื™ื• ื•ื›ืžื” ืžื›ื•ืขืจื™ืŸ ื“ืจื›ื™ื•! ื•ืขืœื™ื• ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืื•ืžืจ "[ื•ึทื™ึฐื—ึทืœึผึฐืœื•ึผ ืึถืช ืฉืึตื ืงึธื“ึฐืฉืึดื™] ื‘ึผึถืึฑืžึนืจ ืœึธื”ึถื ืขึทื ื“' ืึตืœึผึถื” ื•ึผืžึตืึทืจึฐืฆื•ึน ื™ึธืฆึธืื•ึผ" (ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ืœื•, ื›). ื‘ืžื“ืจื’ื” ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ืช, ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืคืขืช ื”ืื•ืจ. ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ืคืขืชื• ื‘ืขืฆื ื’ื‘ื”ื• ื”ื™ื ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื›ืœืœื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื–ื• ื”ืžื“ืจื’ื” ื”ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช, ื”ืขืฆืžื™ืช, ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžืฉืชื ื”, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ื›ืš ื”ื™ื ืงื•ืœื˜ืช ืืช ื”ื•ืคืขืช ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™. ื•ืชืงืฃ ื–ื”ืจื• , ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื–ื”ื• ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื‘ืชืงืคื•, ื‘ื—ื•ื–ืง, ืœื ื›ื–ื” ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžืžืงื•ืจ ืื—ืจ, ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื”ื•ื ืจืง ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ืื•ืคื˜ื™ื•ืช ื•ืื™ืŸ ืคื” ื‘ืืžืช ืื•ืจ, ืืœื ืื•ืจ ื—ื–ืง ืฉืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžืžื ื•. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉืื•ืจ ื–ื” ืขื•ืœื” ืœืžืจื•ืžื™ ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืชื• , ืจืง ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืžืชืจื—ื‘ ืœื›ืœ ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืชื™ื• ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช, ื‘ืื“ื ื•ื‘ืขื•ืœื . ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืื•ืจ ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ ืขื•ืœื” ื•ืœื ื ื™ื›ืจ, ื–ื” ื›ืžื• ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืฉื”ืฉืžืฉ ืขืœืชื” ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืจื•ืื™ื ืื•ืชื”. ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืื ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ื—ื•ืฉืš, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื”ืฉืžืฉ ื›ืœืœ ืœื ืขืœืชื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ. ื›ืฉื”ืื•ืจ ืขื•ืœื” ืœืžืจื•ืžื™ ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืชื• ื”ื•ื ื ื™ื›ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ: ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื ื’ืœื•ื™ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื”, ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื ื‘ื•ืื”, ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืชื•ืจื” ืื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืชื•ืงืฃ ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื™ืฉื ืŸ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขืœื™ื™ืช ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืชืžื™ื“ ื‘ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช, ื•ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ืืจื™ื ืžืžื ื•, ืื ื—ื ื• ืฉืžื™ื ืœื‘ ืœื›ืš.

ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ืื•ืจ ืืœื•ื”ื™, ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืชืจื•ืžืžืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื•, ื•ืžืชื—ื‘ืจืช ืืœื™ื•. ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ื•ืฆืจ ื’ื ื‘ืื•ื ืก, ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืคื—ื“ ืื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืขื‘ื•ื“ ื•ืขื‘ื“ื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืืŸ ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ื—ื‘ื•ืจ ืื”ื‘ื” , ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื™ืฉ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœืงืจื‘ื”. ืžืฆื“ ื ืฉืžืชื” ื•ื‘ืจื™ืืชื”, ืจื•ืฆื” ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ื™ืช ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™. ื‘ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช, ื‘ืื“ื ื•ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื›ืœ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ืžืฉืžืฉืช ืœืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”. ืœื›ืŸ ื—ื–"ืœ ืจืื• ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ื’ื ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืงื‘"ื” - ื“ื’ื ื”ืื”ื‘ื”. ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉื’ื ื‘ืื”ื‘ื” ื™ืฉ ืžืฉื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืชืจื—ืงื•ื™ื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื•ื ื™ืกื•ื“ ืฉืœ ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœืงืจื‘ื”.

ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืชื—ื‘ืจืช ืœืื•ืจ ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ ื‘ื—ื‘ื•ืจ ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ื–ื•ื”ืจ, 1 ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืœื ื—ื™ื™ื ื—ื›ืžื” ื—ืกื“ ื•ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ื ืฆื— ื•ื”ื•ื“, ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื”ื™ื ืžืชืขื˜ืจืช ื‘ืืœื•ื”ื•ืช ื”ืžืชื’ืœื” . ืžื™ืœืช ืขื˜ืจืช ืจื•ืžื–ืช ืœืกืคื™ืจืช ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช. ืืฃ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ืคื™ืจื•ื˜ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืขืฉืจ ื”ืกืคื™ืจื•ืช, ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ื›ืืŸ ื”ืงื•ืžื” ื”ืฉืœืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืงื• ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช - ื”ืื“ื ื•ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื”ื“ื“ื™ - ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืืœื•ื”ื™ ืœื”ืื™ืจ, ื•ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื”ืชืงืจื‘ ืœืงืœื•ื˜ ืืช ื”ืื•ืจ, ื”ื•ื ื”ืงื• ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ. ืื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœื—ึถื‘ึถืœ ืื• ืœืงื• ื”ืžืกื•ืจื˜ื˜ ืขืœ ื ื™ื™ืจ. ืงื• ื”ื•ื ื’ื ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื” ืชืงื•ื•ื”, ืฉืคื™ืจื•ืฉื” ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื•ืฉืื™ืคื”. ืœืงื•ื•ืช, ื–ื” ืœื˜ื•ื•ืช ืงื• ื“ืžื™ื•ื ื™, ืจื’ืฉื™, ืื™ื ื˜ืœืงื˜ื•ืืœื™ ืื• ืื—ืจ, ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื“ืจืš ืœื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื“ื‘ืจ, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืžืฉื”ื• ืจืฆื•ื™ ื•ื ืฉืืฃ. ื’ื ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืงื• ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืคืขื ื›ืขื•ื‘ื“ื”, ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ืฉื—ื™ ื•ืžื—ื™ื™ื” ืขื“ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ืฉื›ืœ ื•ื‘ื ืคืฉ. ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœืงืจื‘ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ืงื• ืขืฆืžื•, ื•ื”ืžื™ืœื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืงื• ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื™ื ื—ื›ืžื” ื—ืกื“ ื•ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ื ืฆื— ื•ื”ื•ื“, ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ื‘ืื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืขืฉื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื, ืชืงื•ื•ืช, ืฉืื™ืคื•ืช, ื•ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช. ื–ื”ื• ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžืœื . ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืงื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื“ืงื™ืง ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืจื™ืง ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžื‘ื˜ื ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืžื•ืคืฉื˜, ื”ืžื™ืœื•ื™ ืžื‘ื˜ื ืžืžืฉื•ืช, ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช, ื”ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ื™ื, ื”ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ื•ืงื•ื•ื™ ื”ืื•ืคื™ ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื‘ื•ื ื” ืืช ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ.

ื•ืžืชืขื˜ืจืช ื‘ืืœื•ื”ื•ืช ื”ืžืชื’ืœื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื•ื™ื” . ื”ืื”ื‘ื”, ื”ืžืœืื” ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ืžืชืžืžืฉืช ื‘ื’ื™ืœื•ื™. ื™ืฉื ื• ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžืงื•ื•ื”, ื”ืจืฆื•ื™ ื•ื”ื ืฉืืฃ, ื•ื™ืฉื ื• ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžืžืฉื™, ื”ื ื’ื™ืขื” ืžืžืฉ, ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืžืžืฉ ืจืง ื›ืœืคื™ ืžื” ืฉืžื’ื•ืœื”. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื, ืื“ื ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื—ื‘ืจื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืื•ื”ื‘ ืื”ื‘ืช ื ืคืฉ ื•ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืข ืืช ื”ืงืจื‘ื” ืืœื™ื•, ืื– ื”ื•ื... ืœื•ื—ืฅ ืืช ื™ื“ื•. ืžื” ื–ื” ืœืœื—ื•ืฅ ืืช ื”ื™ื“?... ื–ื” ื›ืœื•ื ืœืขื•ืžืช ืขื•ืฆืžืช ื”ืจื’ืฉ, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื”ื• ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžืžืฉื™ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื—ื–ื™ืง ื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ืืช ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช, ื”ืจื’ืฉื•ืช, ื”ืจืฆื•ื ื•ืช, ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืืจ. ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ื ื’ื™ืขื” - ื›ืฉืœืขืฆืžื” ื”ื™ื ืจืง ืžืฉื”ื•, ื’ื™ืœื•ื™, ืœื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื•ืœื•, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืขืฉื” ื”ืืคืฉืจื™, ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉื•ืช. ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžื’ื•ืœื”, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืคื ื™ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ืฉืžื™, ื”ื•ื ืืฃ ืคืขื ืœื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื•ืœื•, ืื‘ืœ ืื ืžืœื‘ื“ื• ื™ืฉื ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื‘ื ืคืฉ ื•ื‘ืจืฆื•ืŸ, ื”ื ืžืชืžืžืฉื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื• ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืืคืฉืจ. ื’ื ื›ืืŸ, ื‘ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉื”ืฉืื™ืคื” ื”ื™ื ืืœ ื”ืืœื•ื”ื•ืช ื”ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืขืœ ื•ืžืขื‘ืจ, ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉื ื” ื’ื ื”ืืœื•ื”ื•ืช ื”ืžืชื’ืœื” , ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ ืฉื”ืชืžืžืฉ ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช. ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื–ืืช, ื”ืžืขืฉื™ื ื•ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื ื”ื ื’ื™ืขื” ื”ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ืช ื”ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืœื™ื“ื™ ืกื™ื•ื (ืœื ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœ ืกื•ืฃ, ืืœื ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœ ื’ืžืจ ืžืœืื›ื”) ืืช ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ, ื”ืจื’ืฉ, ื”ืฉืื™ืคื”, ื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ื•ื”ืขื•ืžืง.

ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืชื’ืœื”, ืžืชืขื˜ืจืช ื•ื ื•ื’ืขืช ื‘ืืœื•ื”ื•ืช ื”ืžืชื’ืœื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื•ื™ื” . ืœื›ืื•ืจื”, ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืžื ื”, ื•ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืื” ื”ืขื ื•ื•ื” (ืฉืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื ื“ืจืฉืช ื’ื ืžืŸ ื”ืฆื“ื™ืง), ืฉืžืงื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ืฉื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืชื’ืœื” ืื– ื›ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืžืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ . ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ืžื” ื•ื”ืœื‘ื ื”. ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื”, ืžืกืคืจืช ื”ื’ืžืจื (ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืก.), ื‘ืื” ื”ืœื‘ื ื” ื‘ื˜ืขื ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืงื‘"ื”: "ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื, ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉื ื™ ืžืœื›ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ื›ืชืจ ืื—ื“?" ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื”ืจื™ ื›ืœ ืงื™ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืงื•ื ืžืกื•ื™ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื”ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืื•ืจ ืขืฆืžื•. ื”ืื•ืจ ื ื‘ืจื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืฉื”ื• - ื•ื–ื” ืื ื™, ืื•ืžืจืช ื”ืœื‘ื ื”. ืื ื™ ื”ืงื•ืœื˜ืช, ื–ื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™. ืื ืœื ืื”ื™ื” - ื”ื•ื ื™ืชืคื–ืจ ืกืชื. ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช "ืฉืึฐื ึตื™ ื”ึทืžึผึฐืึนืจึนืช ื”ึทื’ึผึฐื“ึนืœึดื™ื" (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื, ื˜ื–), ืืœื ืื ื™ ืื”ื™ื” ื”ืžืื•ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืขืจืš. ืืžืจ ืœื” ื”ืงื‘"ื”: ื ื›ื•ืŸ, "ืœื›ื™ ื•ืžืขื˜ื™ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš" (ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืฉื). ืืช ืฆื•ื“ืงืช ืฉืฉื ื™ ืžืœื›ื™ื ืœื ืžื•ืœื›ื™ื, ื•ืื ื–ื• ืืช ืฉืื•ืžืจืช ืืช ื–ื”, ืื– ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” - ืœื›ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช "ื”ึทืžึผึธืื•ึนืจ ื”ึทืงึผึธื˜ึนืŸ ืœึฐืžึถืžึฐืฉืึถืœึถืช ื”ึทืœึผึทื™ึฐืœึธื”" (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืฉื). ื ื“ืจืฉืช ื›ืืŸ ืชื›ื•ื ืช ื”ืขื ื•ื•ื”, ื•ืื ื”ื™ื ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืš ืงื•ื“ื, ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืช ืžืื•ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื•ื”ืชื›ืœื™ืช ืฉื‘ืงื™ื•ืžืš ื”ื™ืชื” ื’ืœื•ื™ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš, ื”ื™ื ืชื”ื™ื” ื‘ืš ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื›ืฉืืช ืงื˜ื ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืš ืขื ื•ื•ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืช ืžืชื—ืจื” ืขื ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืื•ืจ, ืขื ื”ืกื™ื‘ื”. ื”ื™ื™ืช ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืกื™ื‘ื” ื•ื™ืฉ ืชื›ืœื™ืช, ื•ื”ืŸ ืื™ื ืŸ ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช: ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžืฆื“ ืขืฆืžื”, ื•ื”ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžืฆื“ ืขืฆืžื”. ืื‘ืœ ืื ื ื•ืฆืจืช ืชื—ืจื•ืช, ืื– ื”ืคื’ื ื”ื•ื ื‘ืš. ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืชื›ืœื™ืช ืืœื ืื ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื‘ืชื•ื›ื” ืืช ืชื›ื•ื ืช ื”ืขื ื•ื•ื” ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ืžืงื•ืจ.

ื’ื“ื•ืœืช ืืœื•ื”ื™ื, ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื ืขืœื” ื•ื”ื ืขืจืฅ ืžืขืœ ื•ืžืขื‘ืจ, ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ืขืจืฅ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืฉื™ืจ ื•ืžืžื•ืœื ืื•ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืกื•ืฃ ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื•ืœืฉืœืžื•ืช. ื”ื™ื ื–ื• ืฉืžืื™ืจื” ื•ื™ื•ืฆืจืช ืืช ืขืจืš ื’ื“ื•ืœืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื”. ื•ืื ืชื˜ืขืŸ ื”ืœื‘ื ื” ืฉื–ื” ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื”, ืชื™ืขื ื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื•ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืชื—ืจื•ืช, ืฉื›ืŸ ืจืง ืœืคื™ ื”ื›ืจืช ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ืจ - ื™ื’ื“ืœ ื’ื ืขืจืš ื”ืชื›ืœื™ืช, ื•ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืชื›ื•ื ืช ื”ืขื ื•ื•ื”. ืื ืœืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืืช ื”ืชื›ืœื™ืช, ืžื—ื™ื™ื” ื•ืžืื™ืจ ืื•ืชื”, ืื™ืŸ ืขืจืš, ืื– ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืขืจืš ืœื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืฉืœื•. ื•ืื ื”ืœื‘ื ื” ืœื ืžื‘ื™ื ื” ืืช ื–ื” ืœื‘ื“, ืขืœื™ื” ืœื”ืชืžืขื˜ ืขื“ ืฉืชื‘ื™ืŸ ื–ืืช. ืœื›ืŸ ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื‘ืชื•ื›ื” ืืช ืชื›ื•ื ืช ื”ืขื ื•ื•ื”, ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืขืฆืžื” ืจืง ื› ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืžืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ, ื•ืœื ื›ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืื• ืžืชื—ืจื” ืฉืœื•. ื”ื™ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœืช ืœื–ื”, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื›ื™ืจื” ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ืื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ื ืžืžืงื•ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ืขืจืฅ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืฉื™ืจ ื•ืžืžื•ืœื ืื•ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืกื•ืฃ ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื•ืœืฉืœืžื•ืช - ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืžื ื”. ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื” ื”ื–ืืช ืชื•ืฉืœื, ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืื•ืจ ื”ืœื‘ื ื” ืœืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ืžื”, ื•ื”ืœื‘ื ื” ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉื•ื‘ ืœืžืงื•ืžื” ื•ืœื’ื•ื“ืœื” ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™.

ื•ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื–ื” , ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืื•ืจ ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™, ื›ืคื™ ื’ื“ืœื• ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื•ืžืฉืคื™ืข ื”ืืจื•ืช ืขืœื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืงื•ื. ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืคืจื˜ื™ ืฉืžืžื ื• ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ื”ื”ื•ื•ื™ื”, ืื• ื”ื™ืงื•ื , ืขื•ืœื” ื•ืžืชืžืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช, ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื•ืขืจืš. ื•ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ืœื ืฉืžื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ ืขื•ืœื. 2 ื›ื•ืœื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืœื™ ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘. ืœืžืฉืœ, ื”ืื‘ื™ื‘ ืžื’ื™ืข, ื”ืฉืžืฉ ื–ื•ืจื—ืช, ื”ืขืฉื‘ ืขื•ืœื” ื•ื”ืฆืžื—ื™ื ืžืชืขื•ืจืจื™ื. ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื›ื›ื” ื–ื” ื‘ื˜ื‘ืข: ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื•ืจ, ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ื•ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ื™ื™ื. ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ื›ืš - ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื. ื™ืฉื ื” ืฉืžื—ืช ื“' ื‘ืžืขืฉื™ื• , ื•ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืœืฉืžื—ื” ื–ื•. ื”ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉืคืข ื•ื”ื”ืืจื” ื•ืžื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœื”ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื ืžืชืžืœืื™ื ืฉืžื—ื”. ืืžื ื ืœื›ืœ ื ืฉืžื” ืคืจื˜ื™ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ื—ื–ืงื”, ืืš ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืœื ื–ื” ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™. ื”ื ืฉืžื—ื™ื ืœื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ื™ื™ื, ืืœื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื›ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ื™. ื”ื ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืœืฉืžื—ืช ื“' ื‘ืžืขืฉื™ื• , ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื ืžื‘ื™ื˜ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืžื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืจืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื•ืจื, ื•ืœื ืจืง ืžื–ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื”. ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื”ื ื—ืœืง ืžืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื•ื”ื ืื›ืŸ ื ื”ื ื™ื ืžื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื–ื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจ ืืฆืœื, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื ืขื•ืœื™ื ืœื“ืจื’ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ - ืžืฉืคื™ืข ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ืฉืžื— ื‘ืขืฆื ืงื™ื•ืžื•.

ื”ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื•ืช ืœื“' ื‘ืฉืžื—ืชื• ื‘ืžืขืฉื™ื• ื•ืœื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืื“ื ืžืจื•ื•ื™ื— ืžื›ืš ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื™ืฉื™, ื”ื™ื ื”ืขื ื•ื•ื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœืงืœื™ื˜ืช ืื•ืจ ื ืขืœื” ื–ื” - ืฉืœ ืฉืžื—ืช ื“' ื‘ืžืขืฉื™ื• , ื”ืžืœื ืฉืœืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช ืžืจื•ื‘ืช ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ื•ื’ื•ื ื™ื ืžืจื”ื™ื‘ื™ื, ืื“ื™ืจื™ื ื•ื ืฆื—ื™ื™ื, ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื“ืจื’ื” ื”ื–ืืช ืฉืœ ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ ืขื•ืœื , ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื”ืžืขืžื™ื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื (ื›ืžื• ืฉืื•ืžืจืช ื”ื’ืžืจื (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื•:) ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืงื™ื™ื ืœืฆึถื•ื•ืช ืœืฆื“ื™ืง), ืฆืจื™ืš ืจื•ื— ืขื ื•ื” , ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื•ื”ืฉื•ืจืฉ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช. "ืžื” ืฉืขืฉืช ื—ื›ืžื” ืขื˜ืจื” ืœืจืืฉื” ืขืฉืช ืขื ื•ื” ืขืงื‘ ืœืกื•ืœื™ื™ืชื”" (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืฉื‘ืช ืค"ื ื”"ื’). ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื—ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืœื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืขืฆืžื, ื•ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื ื—ืฉื™ื ื›ืš, ื›ื“ืื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ืœืžืขื ื. ืœื”ื ื“ื™ ื‘ืงื‘ ื—ืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืื—ื“, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• ื ื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืชื (ืข' ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื™ื–:). ืขื ื•ื” ื–ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืชืžื™ืžื” . ืืžื ื ื›ืœ ืžื™ื“ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืชืžื™ืžื”, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืขื ื•ื•ื” ืื™-ื”ืชืžื™ืžื•ืช ืงืจื•ื‘ื” ืงืฆืช ืœืจืžื™ื™ื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“. ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืชื ื”ื’ ื‘ืขื ื•ื•ื” ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ืœื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขื ื™ื•, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืืœื• ืฉื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ืœื”ืชื ื”ื’ ื‘ืขื ื•ื•ื” ื–ื” ืœืกื’ืœ ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื, ืžืขืฉื™ื ื•ื ื™ืžื•ืกื™ื ืžืกื•ื’ ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขื ื™ื•, ื–ื” ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ ื”ืชืžื™ืžื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉืœืžื•ืช. ืžื” ืฉื™ื•ืฆืจ ืืช ื”ืขื ื•ื•ื” ื”ืชืžื™ืžื”, ื”ื•ื ื”ื”ื›ืจื” ื”ืขืžื•ืงื” ื”ืžืžืœืื” ืืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื‘ื’ื“ื•ืœืช ื“', ื•ื”ืชืžื™ืžื•ืช ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืžื›ืš ืฉื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืืžื™ืชื™ ื•ืžื•ื—ืœื˜. ืœื ืงืœ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขื ื™ื• ื›ืœืคื™ ืื“ื ืื—ืจ: ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื•ืžืฆื, ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืช. ื™ืกื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ื•ื•ื” ื”ื•ื ืขื ื•ื•ื” ื›ืœืคื™ ื“'. ืžืฉื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ื•ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœืฆืžื•ื— ืขื ื•ื•ื” ื’ื ื›ืœืคื™ ืื ืฉื™ื, ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื•ื”ื”ื•ื•ื™ื” ื‘ื›ืœืœื•ืชื”. ืืš ื–ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืื™ื ื” ืขื ื•ื•ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช, ืืœื ืฉืœ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื•ื”ื›ืจื” ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื• ื•ืขืจื›ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื—ืจ. ื›ืœืคื™ ื“' ื–ื• ื‘ืืžืช ืขื ื•ื•ื” ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื” ืœื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช, ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœ ื—ืœืง ืœืขื•ืžืช ื”ืฉืœื. ื›ืœืคื™ ื›ืœ ื—ืœืง ืื—ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื”, ื–ื• ืชืคื™ืฉื” ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืžืŸ ื”ื“ืจื’ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ื”ืžื›ื™ืจื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื•ื”ืขืจืš ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื›ืœ ื—ืœืง, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื ื•ืฆืจ ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื›ืœืคื™ ืื—ืจื™ื, ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืชื™ื”ื. ืขื ื•ื” ืชืžื™ืžื” ืœื ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœ ื ืื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืขืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ื•ื "ืชืžื™ื", ื•ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉืžืจืžื™ื ืื•ืชื•. ื”ืชืžื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉืœืžื•ืช ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช, ืฉืื“ื ืฉืœื ืขื ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื, ืžื–ื“ื”ื” ืขื ื–ื” ืœื’ืžืจื™. ื“ืจื™ืฉืช ื”ืชืžื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื•ื•ื” ื”ื™ื ืื‘ืŸ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ื‘ืฉืืœื” ื”ืื ื–ื• ื‘ืืžืช ืขื ื•ื•ื”, ืื• ืจืง ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ ืžืกื•ื™ื. ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืชืกืชืคืง ืจืง ื‘ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ืžื” ื‘ืœื™ื‘ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื. ืื‘ืœ ื›ืœืคื™ ืขืฆืžื• ืื• ื›ืœืคื™ ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื“ืข ื•ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื”ื›ืœ, ื‘ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉื”ืื“ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืกืชืคืง ืืš ื•ืจืง ื‘ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช, ืืœื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ืขืฆืžื™ืช ื•ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ื•ืœืชืงืŸ ืื•ืชื”, ื•ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ืชืžื™ืžื•ืช.

ืขื ื•ื” ืชืžื™ืžื” ื‘ืขืฆื ื˜ื”ืจืชื” . ื’ื ืื ื™ืฉื ื” ืขื ื•ื•ื” ืชืžื™ืžื”, ื”ื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื˜ื”ื•ืจื”, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื ื‘ื•ืข ืžื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ืคืฉ. ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืงืจื•ื ื™, ื™ืฉื ื ืฉื ื™ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื ืœื ื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืขื ื•ื•ื”. ื”ืื—ื“ - ืคื—ื™ืชื•ืช ืขืจืš ืขืฆืžื•, ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ - ื’ื“ื•ืœืช ื”ื-ืœ. ืื ื”ืขื ื•ื•ื” ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืžืคื—ื™ืชื•ืช ืขืจืš ืขืฆืžื•, ื–ื” ืœื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื˜ื”ื•ืจ. ื–ื• ืืžื™ืจื” ืฉื”ืื“ื ืขื ื™ื• ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื• ื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืช - ื”ื•ื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขื ื™ื•. ืื“ืจื‘ื, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ืื•ื•ืชืŸ, ื•ื‘ืฆื“ืง, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืžื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืช, ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื™ืฉ ืื—ืจื™ื ื—ื–ืงื™ื, ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื, ื ื—ืžื“ื™ื ืื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืžืžื ื•. ื–ื” ืœื ื˜ื”ื•ืจ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื–ื” ืœื ืžืกืคื™ืง. ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื’ื ื‘ื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืฆืจื™ืš ื’ื ืœื“ืขืช ืืช ื”ืขืจืš. ืœื ืคื—ื™ืชื•ืช ืขืจืš ืขืฆืžื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ืœืขื ื•ื•ื”, ืืœื ื’ื“ื•ืœืช ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™. ืื“ืจื‘ื, ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื”ื›ืจื” ื”ืขืžื•ืงื” ื‘ื’ื“ื•ืœืช ื”ืžืงื•ืจ, ื™ืฉื ื” ื”ื›ืจืช ืขืจืš ืขืฆืžื• ื’ื ื›ืŸ: ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“, ื”ื›ื™ืฉืจื•ืŸ, ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื” ื”ืžื•ื˜ืœืช, ื•ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉื ื™ืชื ื” ืœื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื ืขืœื”. ืขื ื•ื•ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ืงื•ื‘ืขืช ืืœื• ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืชื”ื™ื™ื ื” ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ืคืฉ. ืžืขื ื•ื•ื” ื˜ื”ื•ืจื” ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืžื”ื›ืจืช ื’ื“ื•ืœืช ื“', ื‘ืื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช - ื”ืื•ืžืฅ, ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืฉืžื—ื”, ื•ืœื ืจืง ืื™ื–ื• ื”ืฆื˜ื ืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื™ื—ื” ืžื”ื›ืœ (ื•ื’ื ืžื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช). ืขื ืขื ื•ื•ื” ืคืกื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืคื—ื™ืชื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืžื•, ื‘ืื™ื ื”ืขืฆื‘ื•ืช, ื”ืขืœื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื•ื”ืžืจื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืœื ื˜ื•ื‘ื”. ื‘ืจื™ื—ื” ืžืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื ืชืคืฉืช ื›ืขื ื•ื•ื”, ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื™ื ืื›ืŸ ื›ื–ื•, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ืœื ื‘ืขืฆื ื˜ื”ืจืชื” , ืžืงื•ืจื” ืื™ื ื• ื˜ื”ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ื›ืš. ืœื”ื™ืคืš - ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืื“ื ืžื›ื™ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช, ืืฃ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืืช ื”ื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ื•ืฉืœ ื–ื•ืœืชื•, ื”ื•ื ื’ื ืžื›ื™ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขืจืš ืขืฆืžื• ื•ื‘ืขืจืš ื–ื•ืœืชื•, ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื›ืœ ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ื•ืœื ืžืคื—ื™ืชื•ืช. ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืš ื•ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืขื ื•ื” ื˜ื”ื•ืจื” , ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ.

ืขื ื•ื” ืชืžื™ืžื” ื‘ืขืฆื ื˜ื”ืจืชื”, ืขื ื•ื” ื˜ื”ื•ืจื” , ื”ืžื“ืจื™ื›ื” ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื“ื•ืจื›ืช. ืœื”ื™ื“ืจืš ื–ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืŸ, ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื›ื•ื ื ื•ืช, ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืฉืจ. ืขื ื•ื•ื” ื–ื• ื™ื•ืฆืจืช ื“ืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื– , ื•ืœื ื‘ื˜ืœื ื•ืช ื•ืจืคื™ื•ืŸ ื›ืžื• ืฉื™ื•ืฆืจืช ื”ืขื ื•ื•ื” ื”ืคืกื•ืœื”, ื•ืžื•ืกื™ืคื” ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื•ื—ืคืฅ ื—ืกื“ ื›ืœืœื™ ืœื›ืœ ื”ื™ืงื•ื, ื•ืœื ืžืคื—ื™ืชื” ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื›ืžื• ื”ืขื ื•ื•ื” ื”ืคืกื•ืœื”. ื”ื™ื ืžื•ืกื™ืคื” ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืœืื“ื ืขืฆืžื• ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ืœื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืœื™ื“ื™ืขื” ื”ืขืžื•ืงื”, ืœื ืจืง ืฉืœ ืžื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืขืœืžื, ืืœื ืœื”ื‘ื ื” ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ืฉืœื›ืœ ืื“ื ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื, ืฉืขื” ื•ืขืจืš. ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ืœื“ืขืช ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ื, ื”ืฉืขื” ื•ื”ืขืจืš ืฆืจื™ืš ื—ื›ืžื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ืฉืขื” ื•ื”ืขืจืš ื”ืืœื” ื™ืฉืžืฉื• ืœืžื˜ืจื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื”, ืฆืจื™ืš ื’ื ื’ื‘ื•ืจื”, ืื•ืžืฅ ื•ื›ื•ืฉืจ ืคืขื•ืœื”. ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ืืช ื”ื”ื›ืจื” ื”ื–ืืช ื•ืืช ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”, ื”ื ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ ืขื•ืœื . ืœื ื“ื™ ื‘ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ื”ืขืฆืžื™ืช ืฉืžืžื™ืœื ื™ืฉ ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“, ืฉืขืœื•ืœื” ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ืžืงื•ืจ. ื’ื ืื ื ื“ืžื” ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื•ื•ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืคื—ื™ืชื™ื ืžื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื–ื”, ืžึดืชึฐื’ึทื‘ึผึฐืจื™ื ื•ืฉื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื•, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื‘ืืžืช ืœื”ื™ืคืš, ื”ืขื ื•ื•ื” ืžื•ืกื™ืคื” ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืืžื™ืชื™ ืœื›ืœ ืื“ื ื•ืœื›ืœ ื”ื”ื•ื•ื™ื”.



ื•ื—ืคืฅ ื—ืกื“ ื›ืœืœื™ . ืฉืคื™ืขืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืจื•ืื™ื ื–ื• ืชื›ื•ื ื” ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช, ื›ื™ ื”ื-ืœ ื—ืคืฅ ื—ืกื“ ื”ื•ื. ืืฆืœ ื”ืฆื“ื™ืง, ื—ืคืฅ ื–ื” ื ื•ื‘ืข ืœื ืžืื’ื•ืื™ืกื˜ื™ื•ืช ืืœื ืžื”ื›ืจืช ื”ืขืจืš ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืจื•ืื™ื ื›ื•ืœื, ื•ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืืœ ื”ืขืžื“ื” ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื—ืคืฅ ื”ื—ืกื“ ืœื›ืœ ื”ื™ืงื•ื. ื”ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจืช (ื”ืขื ื•ื•ื” ื”ื–ืืช) ืขื ื”ื›ืจืช ืืžืช ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช . ื–ื• ื”ื›ืจืช ืืžืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื-ืœ, ืฉื”ื™ื ืœืœื ื—ื™ืกืจื•ืŸ, ืœืœื ืคื’ื, ืœืœื ื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืชื›ื•ื ื” ื’ืฉืžื™ืช ืื• ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืชื—ืœืฃ. ื–ื• ื—ื›ืžื” ืžืขืžื™ืงื” ื•ื”ื•ืœื›ืช, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ื™ื ืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ืœื ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ื‘ืคืขื ืื—ืช ืœืื™ื–ื• ืจืžื” ื ื›ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื ื” ื•ื™ื“ื™ืขื”. ื•ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื”ื›ืจื” ื”ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืขื ื•ื•ื”, ืขื ื•ื” ื˜ื”ื•ืจื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ืชื“ื™ืจ ืขื ื”ืืžืช ื”ื–ืืช. ืืœื• ืœื ืฉื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื ืคืจื“ื™ื, ื”ืื—ื“ ืžื•ืกืจื™ ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืœืงื˜ื•ืืœื™, ืืœื ืจืง ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœืชืช ืืช ื”ืชื•ืงืฃ ื”ืžื•ืกืจื™ ืฉืœ ืขื ื•ื•ื”, ืขื– ื•ื›ื‘ื•ื“, ื•ื’ื ืืช ื”ืขื•ืžืง ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืœืงื˜ื•ืืœื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ืืžืช.

ื”ื›ืจืช ืืžืช ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ื•ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื—ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ืืœื™ื”, ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ื™ื—ืก ื”ื—ืœืง ืืœ ื”ืฉืœื, ื”ื ืฉื’ื‘, ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ื•ื”ืžื•ืคืœื. ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื” ื”ื•ื ืžืชืžืœื ืฆืžืื•ืŸ ืœืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื•ืจื ื ืช ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืจืขื ื ื” ื•ื ืขืœืกื”. ื”ืฆื™ืžืื•ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืชืžื™ื“, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืžื ื™ืข ื”ื ืคืฉื™ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื—ื›ืžื”, ืขื•ืžืง, ืืžืช, ืื•ืžืฅ, ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ื—ืกื“. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืฆื™ืžืื•ืŸ ื™ืฉ ื’ื ืื™ื–ื” ืฆืขืจ, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืื•ืžืจ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืืžื ื ื”ืฆื™ืžืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื›ื–ื” ืฉืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืจื•ื•ืช ืื•ืชื•, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืฆื™ืžืื•ืŸ ืœืฉืœืžื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ื•ื”ืื“ื ื”ื•ื ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ. ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช, ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ื™ื—ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ืืœื™ื” , ื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื“ื, ื ื•ืชื ืช ืœื• ืจื ื ืช ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื—ื™ื”, ืจืขื ื ื” ื•ื ืขืœืกื”. ื”ืจืขื ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช, ืžืฉื”ื• ืจืขื ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื›ื–ื” ืฉืื™ื ื• ืงืคื•ื ื•ืขื•ืžื“ ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื•ื. ื”ืฉืคื™ืขื” ื”ืžืชืžื“ืช ืืžื ื ืื™ื ื” ืžืจื•ื•ื” ืืช ื”ืฆื™ืžืื•ืŸ ื›ื•ืœื•, ืื‘ืœ ืžืงื™ื™ืžืช ื•ืžื—ื™ื™ื”, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืžืฉืžื—ืช ื•ืžืจืขื ื ืช ืืช ื”ืื“ื. ื”ื•ื ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืœ ื”ืชื’ื“ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ืžืชืžื“ืช, ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ื–ื• ืชืžื™ื“ ืชื”ื™ื” ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ืฆื™ืžืื•ืŸ, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืฉืื™ืคื”, ืืœ ื”ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช. ื–ื”ื• ืชื™ืื•ืจ ืžืฆื‘ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื“ืจื’ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ื•ื•ื” ื”ืชืžื™ืžื” ื‘ืขืฆื ื˜ื”ืจืชื” , ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื” ืฉืžื—ื•ืœืœ ืื•ืชื” ื–ื• ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ืืžืช ื•ื”ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช.

ืžื™ ืฉืงื™ื™ื ืืฆืœื• ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืžื•ืกืจื™ ื•ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืœืงื˜ื•ืืœื™ - ื”ืœื‘ ื•ื”ืžื•ื—, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืื—ื“ ืžื—ื™ื™ื” ืืช ื”ืฉื ื™, ื ืงืจื ืฆื“ื™ืง ืขื•ืœื, ืฉื›ืœ ื›ื•ืœื• ืฆืžื ืœืฉืœืžื•ืช ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช. ื”ื•ื ืฆื“ื™ืง ืขื•ืœื - ื›ื–ื” ืฉื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื” ื”ืขืจืš ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืืช ืขืจืš ื”ื™ื—ืก ืฉื‘ื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืืœื•ื”ื™ื. ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืชืงื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื•, ืœืžืขื ื• ื•ื‘ืคืขื•ืœืชื•, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืขืฆืžื• ืžืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื•ืœื ื‘ืื•ื ืก, ื‘ื—ืคืฅ ืฉืœ ื—ืกื“ ื•ืœื ื‘ื“ืจื™ืฉืช ื”ืชืžื•ืจื”, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืžืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื‘ืชื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืฆื“ื™ืง, ื”ืคืจื˜ ื”ื ืขืœื”, ื™ืฉ ืžืขื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื ืฉืœ ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืžื™ื. ืืœื ืฉื”ืฆื“ื™ืง ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื•ื–ืžืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืคื•ืขืœืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช, ื‘ืชื ืื™ื ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื™ื ืœื—ื™ื™ ื”ืื“ื ื”ืคืจื˜ื™. ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื“ื™ืง ืœื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžื’ืœื” ืืช ืื•ืคื™ื™ื” ื•ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื”. ื‘ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื™ืฉ ืžืขื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช ืขื ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืฉื›ืŸ ื’ื ื”ื-ืœ ื”ื•ื ืฆื“ื™ืง ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืขื•ืœื. ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืฆื•ืจืš ืื• ืชืœื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืžื—ื™ื™ื” ืื•ืชื• ื•ื—ืคืฅ ื—ืกื“ ื›ืœืคื™ื•.

ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื ื“ืžื” ืฉืœื ื”ื•ืขื™ืœื” ืœืฆื“ื™ืง ืฆื“ื™ืงื•ืชื•. ื ื ื™ื— ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื–ืจ ืœืื ืฉื™ื: ืืช ืคืœื•ื ื™ ื”ืฆื™ืœ ืžืจืขื‘, ืืช ืืœืžื•ื ื™ ืžืฆืจื•ืช ื•ืืช ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื˜ื™ืคื— ื•ื—ื™ื ืš. ืื‘ืœ ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื›ื•ืœื, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ื•ื ืขืฆืžื•, ืžืชื•. ื”ื›ืœ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื ื“ืžื” ื’ื ื›ื—ืกืจ ืขืจืš. ืžื” ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืื ืื“ื ื—ื™ ืฉื ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื• ืฉื ื” ืคื—ื•ืช? ืžื” ื–ื” ืžืฉื ื” ืžื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืจืžืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื•? ื”ืื ื›ืœ ื”ืžืืžืฅ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœืžื•ืช ืขื ื—ื™ื•ืš? ื ื“ืžื” ืฉืขืจืš ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื•ื ื–ืžื ื™ ื•ื—ื•ืœืฃ. ืืžื ื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืจื’ืข ื™ืฉ ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ื ืคืœืื” ืฉืœ ื—ืกื“, ื›ื‘ื•ื“, ืื•ืžืฅ ื•ื’ื‘ื•ืจื”, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ืจ, ื•ืื– ื–ื” ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ืจื•ืข ืžืืฉืจ ืื ืœื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžื ืกื™ื. ื”ืžืขืฉื” ื—ืœืฃ ื•ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ื‘ืงื™ืข ืืช ืชื ืื™ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื•ื”ืžืงื•ื, ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื ื“ืžื” ืœื ื• ืฉื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืฆื ืฉืงืจื™. ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ืŸ. ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืืžื ื ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื‘ืชื ืื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื” ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ื›ืœืคื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื ืคืขืœื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืจืžื” ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืงื™ื•ื ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™, ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ื•ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื‘ื›ืœืœื•ืชื”. ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืฆื“ื™ืง ื ืคืขืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืจืžื” ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืฆืžื” ื”ื™ื ื”ื›ืœื™, ื”ื ื•ืฉื ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™, ื™ืฉ ืขืจืš ื ืฆื—ื™ ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื—ื•ืœืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื“ื™ืง, ื›ืฉื ืฉืœืขืช ืขืชื” ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื—ื“ืœื™ื ืžืœื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ื›ืžื•ืช ืฉื”ื, ืื‘ืœ ื ืฉืžื•ืชื™ื”ื ื‘ืื•ืช ืžืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ื ืŸ ื—ื“ืœื•ืช. ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชื—ืœืฃ, ืœื—ืœื•ืฃ, ื›ืื™ืœื• ืœื”ื™ืขืœื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืขืจืš ื”ืขืฆืžื™, ืขื•ืฆืžืช ื”ืื•ืžืฅ ื•ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ืคืœื ื”ื—ืกื“, ื›ืœ ืืœื” ืื™ื ื ื—ื•ืœืคื™ื. ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื–ื•, ืœื›ืœ ืžืขืฉื” ื™ืฉ ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ื ืฉืžื”: ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ื•ื ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ื”ืžืงื•ื ื•ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ืžืกื•ื™ื. ื ืฉืžืชื•, ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื”ืžื ื™ืข, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ืžื—ื™ื™ื” ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื”. ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ื ืฉืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืฉื”, ื•ื”ื ืฉืžื” ืื™ื ื ื” ืžืชื—ืœืคืช ืื• ื–ืžื ื™ืช, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœืžืงื•ืจื•ืชื™ื”. ื•ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื™ื ืงืฉื•ืจื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืขื ื•ื” ื”ื™ื ืชืžื™ืžื” ื•ื˜ื”ื•ืจื” ื•ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ืœื”ื›ืจืช ื”ืืžืช , ื›ืš ื”ืขืจืš ืฉื‘ืžืขืฉื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ. ื›ืš ื ืฉืžืชื• ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขืœืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื•ืฆืžื” ื•ืงื™ื•ื, ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ื•ืœื”ืงืจื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืžื” ื•ื›ืžื” ืจืžื•ืช ื•ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื•ืžื•ืคืช ืžืขื•ืจืจ ื”ืชืคืขืœื•ืช, ื”ืžืขื•ืจืจ ืืช ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื ืคืœืื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ื‘ื ืคืฉ. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื™ืฉ ืœื›ืš ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื ืกืชืจื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื’ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืืžืช ื•ื’ื ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื•ื, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉื ื• ืขืจืš ืจื‘ ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื“ื™ืง.



^ 1. ืงื•ื“ื ืจืื™ื ื• ืฉื”ืื•ืจ ืžืื™ืจ ื‘ืชืงืฃ ื–ื”ืจื•, ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื“ื•ืžื” - ื‘ื—ื‘ื•ืจ ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ื–ื•ื”ืจ. ืื•ืจ ื–ื•ื”ืจ ืื™ื ื• ืจืง ืžืื™ืจ, ืืœื ื’ื ืžืชืคืฉื˜, ื›ืื™ืœื• ืžืชื™ื– ื ื™ืฆื•ืฆื•ืช, ื–ื”ืจื•ืจื™ื•ืช. ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื’ื ืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื ืงืจื ื›ืš, ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืœื•ืžื“, ื”ืžืขื™ื™ืŸ, ื”ืžืชื—ื‘ืจ ืืœื™ื• ื•ื”ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื•, ืœื ืจืง ืžื•ืืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื•, ืืœื ื’ื ืžืงื‘ืœ ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื ื™ืฆื•ืฅ, ื–ื•ื”ืจ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“, ืœืชื•ืš ืขืฆืžื•.
^ 2. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ื“ืจื’ื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื•ืคืข, ื“ืจื’ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืฉืœ ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื ื•ืฉื, ื”ื›ืœื™ ื”ืžืงื‘ืœ ื•ื”ืžืื™ืจ ื”ืœืื” ืืช ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืœื›ืœืœ ื”ื™ืงื•ื, ื•ื”ื“ืจื’ื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ื ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช, ื•ื‘ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ืืœื” ืฉืœ ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ ืขื•ืœื, ื”ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ื‘ืขืฆื ื”ื•ื™ืชื ื‘ืฉืžื—ืช ื“' ื‘ืžืขืฉื™ื•. ื–ื”ื• ืชื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืžืื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื”, ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ ืžืชืžืžืฉ ื•ื”ื•ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื”. ื”ืฆื™ื ื•ืจื•ืช, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ ืฉื•ืคืข, ื’ื ืžืชืงื™ื™ื ืžืžื ื• ื•ื’ื ืžืงื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื• ืืช ืฉืืจ ื”ื”ื•ื•ื™ื”. ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืฆื“ ื”ื›ืœื™, ื•ื’ื ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืฆื“ ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ - ื”ืื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืœื™.
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
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