ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ื”ืœื›ื” ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื•ืžื•ืกืจ
  • ื”ืœื›ื” ื•ืžื ื”ื’
  • ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
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7 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”

ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืœืขื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืฉืžืช

ื”ืจื‘ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืคื™ืจื ื–ืฆ"ืœ

ืœื™ืœืš ื‘ื’ื™ืœื•ื™-ืจืืฉ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช-ื”ืžืจื—ืฅ ื•ื‘ื—ื•ืฃ-ื”ื™ื
ื›ืชื‘ ื”"ื™ืœืงื•ื˜ ื™ื•ืกืฃ" (ื—"ื, ืกื™' ื‘', ืกืข' ื™"ื–, ืขืž' ืจืœื– - ืจืœื˜) ื•ื–ื• ืœืฉื•ื ื•: "ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื™ืœืš ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืจื—ืฅ ื‘ื’ื™ืœื•ื™-ืจืืฉ. ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื•ืชืจ ืžืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืœื™ืœืš ื‘ื—ื•ืฃ-ื”ื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืœื•ื™-ืจืืฉ, ืœื ืจืง ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžื™ื, ืืœื ื’ื ื›ืฉื™ื•ืฆื ืœื—ื•ืฃ [ื•ืžืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉื™ื•ืฆื ืžื”ืžื™ื ืœื™ืœืš ืœื—ื“ืจ ื”ื”ืœื‘ืฉื” ื•ืœื—ื‘ื•ืฉ ื›ื™ืคื”]. ืืš ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื•ืœื”ื™ื ืคืฉ ื–ืžืŸ ืžื” ื‘ื—ื•ืฃ-ื”ื™ื, ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ื•ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื—ื‘ื•ืฉ ื›ื™ืคื”, ื•ืœื ืœืฉื”ื•ืช ื›ืš ื–ืžืŸ ืžืžื•ืฉืš ื‘ืœื ื›ื™ืกื•ื™-ืจืืฉ [ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ืจืš ืงื•ื“ื ืื›ื™ืœืชื•, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื‘ืจืš ื‘ื’ื™ืœื•ื™-ืจืืฉ]. ื•ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืื™ืŸ ืœื’ืขื•ืจ ื‘ืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื” ื›ืŸ". ืขื›"ืœ.

ืขื•ื“ ื›ืชื‘ [ื‘ื”ืขืจืชื• (ืฉื, ืขื™ื™"ืฉ)]: ื‘ืฉื•"ืช "ื–ื›ื•ืจ ืœืื‘ืจื”ื" [ืื‘ื™ื’ื“ื•ืจ (ืกื™' ื’')] ื›ืชื‘: "ืจืื™ืชื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืชื ื”ื’ื™ื ื‘ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืช-ื”ืžืจื—ืฅ ืขื ื”ื›ื•ื‘ืข ืฉืขืœ ืจืืฉื, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ืœืœื›ืช ืืจื‘ืข ืืžื•ืช ื‘ื’ื™ืœื•ื™-ืจืืฉ, ื•ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืฉื—ืจ ืœื”ื™ื–ื”ืจ ื‘ืžืจื—ืฅ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื˜ื™ื ื•ืคืช, ืžืงื•ื ืฉืืกื•ืจ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืขื•ื“, ื•ืื™ืš ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืจื•ืžื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื—ืžื•ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื’ื™ืœื•ื™-ืจืืฉ ..." (ืขื™ื™"ืฉ). ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ื‘"ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ืฉื•ืจ" (ืฉื‘ืช ืงื™ื—:) ืฉื‘ืžืจื—ืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ื” ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืžื™ื“ืช ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช, ืืœื ืฉื™ืฉ ืžื“ืงื“ืงื™ื ื‘ื–ื” ื’ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช-ื”ืžืจื—ืฅ (ืขื™ื™"ืฉ). ื•ื›ืชื‘ ืขืœื™ื• ืžืจืŸ ื”ื—ื™ื“"ื (ื‘"ื‘ืจื›ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ" ืกื™' ื‘', ืก"ืง ื”'): "ื•ื ืจืื” ืœื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ื‘ื–ื” ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ื—ื•ืžืจื” ื™ืชื™ืจื” ื”ืจื‘ื”". ืข"ื›.
ื•ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื—ืœืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช-ื”ืžืจื—ืฅ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืงื•ื ื”ื˜ื™ื ื•ืคืช, ืœืฉืคืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ื›ื”, ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืžื™ื, ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืฉืฉื™ื™ืš ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ืœื™ืœืš ืฉื ืขื ื›ื™ืกื•ื™-ืจืืฉ, ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืงื•ื ื”ื˜ื™ื ื•ืคืช.
ื•ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžื”ืจื™ื˜"ืฅ [ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช, ืกื™' ืจ' (ืขื™ื™"ืฉ ื‘ืื•ืจืš)] ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืฉื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืืžืจื• ืžืžื™ื“ืช ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื˜ื•ื ืคื™ื ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ืช-ื”ืžืจื—ืฅ (ืขื™ื™"ืฉ). ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื‘ืืžืช ืื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืžื™ื“ืช ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช-ื”ืžืจื—ืฅ. ื•ื›ื ืจืื” ื™ืฉ ืœื—ืœืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืจื•ื—ืฅ ืžืžืฉ, ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืจื—ื•ืฅ.
ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช-ื”ืžืจื—ืฅ - ื”ื ื” ื‘ืกืคืจ "ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืžื ื—ื" (ืœืจื‘ื™ ืžื ื—ื ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืžืกืืœื•ื ื™ืงื™, ืกื™' ื‘' ืก"ืง ื‘') ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืจื—ืฅ - ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ - ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื™ืœืš ื‘ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืจืืฉ. ืืœื ืฉื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ื›ื”ืจ"ืจ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืžื›ืกื” ืจืืฉื• ื‘ืกื•ื“ืจ, ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ื˜ืขื ืขืœ-ืคื™ ื”ืงื‘ืœื” (ืขื™ื™"ืฉ). ื•ื‘"ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ื—ื™" ื›ืชื‘ (ืคืจืฉืช ื•ื™ืฉืœื—, ืื•ืช ื˜"ื–) ืฉื™ื›ืกื” ืจืืฉื• ืขื“ ืฉื™ื›ื ืก ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™. ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ื›ื”"ื— (ืก"ืง ื™"ื–) ืฉืขืœ-ื›ืœ-ืคื ื™ื ื™ื›ืกื” ืจืืฉื• ื‘ื™ื“ื• ื›ืฉื”ื•ืœืš ืืจื‘ืข ืืžื•ืช, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืคืกื“. ื•ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื. ืข"ื›.
ื•ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ื ื• ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื—ื•ืฃ-ื”ื™ื, ื”ื ื” ืžืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืงื•ื ืจื—ืฆื”, ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื™ืœืš ืฉื ื‘ื’ื™ืœื•ื™-ื”ืจืืฉ, ื•ืœื ืจืง ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื›ื ืก ืœืžื™ื - ืฉื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื›ื™ืกื•ื™-ืจืืฉ, ืืœื ืืฃ ื›ืฉื™ื•ืฆื ืžืŸ ื”ืžื™ื ื•ืฉื•ื”ื” ื‘ื—ื•ืฃ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื ืคืฉ, ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ื˜ืจื™ื—ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉื™ืœืš ืœื—ื“ืจ ื”ื”ืœื‘ืฉื” ืœื—ื‘ื•ืฉ ื›ื™ืคื”, ืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ื”ื›ืœ ืœื™ืœืš ื›ืš, ื•ื”ื•ื ื›ื‘ื™ืช-ื”ืžืจื—ืฅ. ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ ืœืคื™ ืžื” ืฉื‘ื™ืืจื ื• (ืฉื, ืกืข' ื˜"ื•) ื‘ื“ืขืช ืžืจืŸ ื”"ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš" ืฉืขืฆื ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ืจืืฉ ื”ื•ื ืžืžื™ื“ืช ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช ื•ืœื ืžืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ. ื•ืืฃ ืฉื”ื˜"ื– ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ืžืฉื•ื ื—ื•ืงื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื, ื•ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ "ื•ื‘ื—ื•ืงื•ืชื™ื”ื ืœื ืชืœื›ื•", ื”ื ื” ืžืœื‘ื“ ืฉืจื‘ื™ื ื—ืœืงื• ืขืœ ื–ื” (ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืฉื•"ืช "ื™ื‘ื™ืข ืื•ืžืจ" ื—"ื•, ื—ืื•"ื— ืกื™' ื˜"ื•, ืื•ืช ื”'), ื•ืœื“ืขืชื ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ื” ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืžืฉื•ื "ื•ื‘ื—ื•ืงื•ืชื™ื”ื ืœื ืชืœื›ื•", ื”ื ื” ื’ื ืœื“ืขืช ื”ื˜"ื– ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ืฉื™ื™ืš ื‘ื”ื•ืœืš ืขืœ ื—ื•ืฃ-ื”ื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืœื•ื™-ืจืืฉ, ืฉื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืจื•ืื” ืื•ืชื• ืžื”ืœืš ื›ืš, ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื™ื“ืžื•ืช ืœื’ื•ื™ื™ื, ืืœื ืฉื›ืš ื”ื“ืจืš ืœื™ืœืš ื‘ื—ื•ืฃ-ื”ื™ื. ืฉืจืง ืื ืžื”ืœืš ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื‘ื’ื™ืœื•ื™-ืจืืฉ, ืื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื• ื•ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื•, ื‘ื–ื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื—ื•ืงื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ื”ื˜"ื–, ืžื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ืฉื’ื ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื›ืš ื‘ื—ื•ืฃ-ื”ื™ื.
ื•ืื•ืžื ื ืื–ื”ืจื” ืฉืžืขื ื• ืžืฉื ื”ื’ืจ"ื— ืงื ื™ื™ื‘ืกืงื™ ืฉืœื ืœื™ืœืš ื‘ื—ื•ืฃ ื”ื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืœื•ื™-ืจืืฉ, ื•ืจืง ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžื™ื ืžื•ืชืจ. ื•ืื›ืŸ ื›ืš ืจืื™ื ื• ืœื”ืจื‘ื” ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉืžืงืคื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื–ื”. ืืš ื”ืžื™ืงื™ืœื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ื” ืœื™ืœืš ืขืœ ืฉืคืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ื›ื” ื‘ืœื ื›ื™ืกื•ื™-ืจืืฉ, ื™ืฉ ืœืœืžื“ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื–ื›ื•ืช, ืฉื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืงื•ื ืจื—ืฆื”, ื•ื”ื›ืœ ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื›ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ื” ื”ืกืจืช ืžื•ืจื ืฉืžื™ื™ื.

ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื•ืœื‘ืจืš ื‘ื—ื•ืฃ-ื”ื™ื ืื• ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื›ื”
ื‘ืขืช ืฉืžื‘ืจืš ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ื ื”ื ื™ืŸ ื™ื—ื‘ื•ืฉ ื›ื™ืคื” ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืžืจืŸ ื‘"ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš" (ืกื™' ืฆ"ื, ืก"ื’) ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืื–ื›ืจื” ืžืคื™ื• ื‘ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืจืืฉ (ืขื™ื™"ืฉ). ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืฉืขืช ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื™ื ื™ื— ืขืœ ื’ื•ืคื• ืžื’ื‘ืช ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื”. ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘"ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš" (ืกื™' ืงืค"ื’, ืกืข' ื˜') ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืฉื”ืžื‘ืจืš ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื™ืฉื‘ ื‘ืื™ืžื” ื•ื›ื•'. ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ื‘"ื— (ืกื™' ืงืค"ื‘ ื“"ื” ืจื‘ ืืฉื™) ืฉื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืืฃ-ืขืœ-ืคื™ ืฉืจืืฉื• ืžื›ื•ืกื” ื‘ืžืฆื ืคืช ืงื˜ื ื”, ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ืš ืœื ื™ื‘ืจืš ื‘ื’ื™ืœื•ื™-ืจืืฉ ืžืคืจื™ืกืช ืกื•ื“ืจ ืฉืคื•ืจืกื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืจืืฉ ืœืฆื ื™ืขื•ืช, ืœืคื™ ืฉื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื–ื” ืžื›ื ื™ืข ืœื‘ ื”ืื“ื ื•ืžื‘ื™ืื• ืœื™ื“ื™ ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ื•ืœื™ืจืืช ืฉืžื™ื™ื. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื›ืœ ื™ืจื ืฉืžื™ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื ื–ื”ืจ ื‘ืฉืขืช ื‘ืจื›ื” ืœื”ืชืขื˜ืฃ ื‘ืžืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื’ื ืœื”ืฉื™ื ื”ื›ื•ื‘ืข ืขืœ ืจืืฉื• ื•ืœื ื™ื‘ืจืš ื‘ืžืฆื ืคืช ืงื˜ื ื”, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื‘ืจืš ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื™ื”ื ื›ืš. ืข"ื›. ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ื‘"ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ื—ื™" ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื™ืฉื‘ ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื‘ืœื‘ื•ืฉื•, ื›ืžื• ืฉื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืœืคื ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ืขื, ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ ื‘ืฉืขืช ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ.
ื•ืžืขืชื”, ืื ืคืœื’ ื’ื•ืคื• ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืžื’ื•ืœื” ื•ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื‘ื‘ื’ื“-ื™ื ืงืฆืจ, ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืœื™ืฉื‘ ื‘ืื™ืžื”. ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืฉื™ืชืœื‘ืฉ ืงื•ื“ื ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ, ื•ื™ื‘ืจืš ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืœื•ื‘ืฉ. ื•ืื ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•, ืœื›ืœ ื”ืคื—ื•ืช ื™ื›ืกื” ื’ื•ืคื• ื‘ืžื’ื‘ืช ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ืฉืืคืฉืจ, ื•ื™ื‘ืจืš ื‘ื›ื™ืกื•ื™-ืจืืฉ.

ืœื”ืจื”ืจ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื’ื™ืœื•ื™-ืจืืฉ?
ืžื™ ืฉืžื•ื›ืจื— ืœืฉื”ื•ืช ื‘ื’ื™ืœื•ื™-ื”ืจืืฉ, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ ืฉืœ ื’ื•ื™ื™ื, ืื• ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืกืชืคืจ, ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื• ืœื”ืจื”ืจ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื” [ื•ืืฃ ืฉืœืื—ืจ ืชืกืคื•ืจืช ื’ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื™ื“ื™ื•, ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ื‘ื–ื”]. ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืจื•ื—ืฅ ื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ื•ื ื‘ื’ื™ืœื•ื™-ืจืืฉ, ืื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช-ืžืจื—ืฅ ืฉืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ [ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ื‘ื™ืช ื›ืกื], ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื• ืœื”ืจื”ืจ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื” ืืฃ ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื’ื™ืœื•ื™-ืจืืฉ. ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ืฉืœื ืœื”ืจื”ืจ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื’ื™ืœื•ื™-ืจืืฉ, ื•ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืชื•ืจื” ["ื™ืœืงื•ื˜ ื™ื•ืกืฃ" ืฉื, ืกืข' ื›"ื‘, ืขืž' ืจืžื‘ (ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืขืจืชื• ืฉื, ืขืž' ืจืžื’); ื•ืฉื ืกืข' ื›"ื•, ืขืž' ืจืžื—].

ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืœื•ื ืœื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ื”ื”ื•ืœืš ื‘ื’ื™ืœื•ื™-ืจืืฉ
ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืงื“ื™ื ืฉืœื•ื ืœื—ื‘ื™ืจื•, ื’ื ื›ืฉื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ื‘ืจืืฉ-ืžื’ื•ืœื”, ื•ืืฃ-ืขืœ-ืคื™ ืฉืืžืจื• ื—ื–"ืœ (ืฉื‘ืช ื™:) ืฉืฉืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืฉืœื•ื, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื•', ื›"ื“): 'ื•ื™ืงืจื ืœื• ื”' ืฉืœื•ื', ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืื™ื ื• ื›ื ื•ืชืŸ ืžื›ืฉื•ืœ ืœื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ื‘ืžื” ืฉื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœืขื ื•ืช ืœื• ืฉืœื•ื ื‘ื’ื™ืœื•ื™-ื”ืจืืฉ, ืฉื“ื•ื•ืงื ืื–ื›ืจืช ื”' ืื• ื-ืœื•ื”ื™ื ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื’ื™ืœื•ื™-ื”ืจืืฉ, ืื‘ืœ 'ืฉืœื•ื' ืžื•ืชืจ ืžืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ื’ื™ืœื•ื™-ื”ืจืืฉ. ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื•ืžืจ 'ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืœื•ื' ืœืžื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืจืืฉ. ื•ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืื—ืจ, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ: ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื˜ื•ื‘, ืื• ืžื” ืฉืœื•ืžืš ื•ื›ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ื–ื” [ื•ื“ืข, ืฉื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงื“ื™ื ืฉืœื•ื ืœื›ืœ ืื“ื, ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืจืฉืข. ื•ื–ื• ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืžืฉื ื” ื”ื•ื™ ืžืงื“ื™ื ืฉืœื•ื 'ืœื›ืœ' ืื“ื. 'ืœื›ืœ' - ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืจืฉืข. ืฉืืฃ ืฉืืžืจื• (ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ืž"ื—, ื›"ื‘; ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื "ื–, ื›"ื): 'ืื™ืŸ ืฉืœื•ื ืืžืจ ื”' ืœืจืฉืขื™ื', ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื•ื, ืื‘ืœ ื›ื™ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื” ืœื”ืงื“ื™ื ืœื”ื ืฉืœื•ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ื‘ื‘ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืืช ืœื•ืžื“ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื™ืจืื™ ื”'] ["ื™ืœืงื•ื˜ ื™ื•ืกืฃ" ืฉื, ืกืข' ื›"ื”, ืขืž' ืจืžื” - ืจืžื• (ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืขืจืชื• ืฉื)].

ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืœื•ื ืœืžื™ ืฉื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื•ืžืกืชืคืจ ื‘ื’ื™ืœื•ื™-ืจืืฉ
ื”ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ืœื”ืกืชืคืจ ื•ืจืืฉื• ืžื’ื•ืœื”, ื•ื ืชื ื• ืœื• ืฉืœื•ื, ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืฉืœื•ื. ื•ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืคื•ื˜ืจื• ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืื—ืจ, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ: ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื˜ื•ื‘, ืื• ืžื” ืฉืœื•ืžืš ื•ื›ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ื–ื”. ื•ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื• ืœื”ืจื”ืจ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืขืช ืฉืžืกืชืคืจ, ืืฃ ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื’ื™ืœื•ื™-ืจืืฉ, ื•ื’ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื™ื“ื™ื•, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ื‘ื–ื” (ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื ืชื‘ืืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ืฉืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืจื”ืจ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื’ื™ืœื•ื™-ืจืืฉ) ["ื™ืœืงื•ื˜ ื™ื•ืกืฃ" ืฉื, ืกืข' ื›"ื•, ืขืž' ืจืžื— (ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืขืจืชื• ืฉื ืขืž' ืจืžื— - ืจืžื˜)].

ืœื—ื ืš ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืกื•ื™-ืจืืฉ
ื™ืฉ ืœื—ื ืš ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื [ืžื–ืžืŸ ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื›ืช, ื•ืœื›ืœ ื”ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื’ื™ืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืื—ืจ ื”ืชืกืคื•ืจืช] ื•ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืœื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืจืืฉื ืžื›ื•ืกื” ื‘ื›ื™ืกื•ื™-ืจืืฉ (ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื”ื ืžื•ืจื ืฉืžื™ื™ื. ื•ืื ื”ื™ืœื“ ืื™ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื” ื‘ื›ืš, ื™ืคืชื”ื• ื‘ืžืžืชืงื™ื ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื”) ["ื™ืœืงื•ื˜ ื™ื•ืกืฃ" ืฉื, ืกืข' ื™"ื˜, ืขืž' ืจืž (ื•ื‘ื”ืขืจืชื• ืฉื)].

ื”ืื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืœื›ืช ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ื’ื™ืœื•ื™-ืจืืฉ?
ืžืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงืคื™ื“ื ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ื’ื™ืœื•ื™-ืจืืฉ [ืข"ืค ื”ื‘"ื™ ื‘ืกื™' ืž"ื• (ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจื• ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–"ืœ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืก:); ื•ื‘ืœืงื˜ ื™ื•ืฉืจ (ืขืž' ืžื•) ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืฉื ืžื”ืจื"ื™, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืงืคื™ื“ื ืื ืฉื•ื›ื‘ ื›ืœ ื”ืœื™ืœื” ื‘ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืจืืฉ (ืขื™ื™"ืฉ)], ืืš ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืžืžื™ื“ืช ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ 'ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉืืคืฉืจ' ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืจืืฉื• ืžื›ื•ืกื” ื›ืœ ื”ืœื™ืœื” ื’ื ื‘ืขืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื” - ื›ืš ื›ืชื‘ ื”"ืืœื™ื” ืจื‘ื”" ื‘ืฉื ื”ืฉืœ"ื”, ืฉืžื™ื“ืช ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืจืืฉื• ืžื›ื•ืกื” ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื›ืžื• ื‘ื™ื•ื ["ื™ืœืงื•ื˜ ื™ื•ืกืฃ" ืฉื, ืกืข' ื™"ื—, ืขืž' ืจืœื˜ - ืจืž (ื•ื‘ื”ืขืจืชื• ืฉื) ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื•"ืช "ื™ื‘ื™ืข ืื•ืžืจ" ื—"ื• ื—ืื•"ื—, ืกื™' ื˜"ื•, ืื•ืช ื‘'].

ื ืกืคื—ื™ื:

"ืขื•ื˜ืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืชืคืืจื”"
ืฆื ื•ืœืžื“ ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ื™ืกื•ื™-ืจืืฉ ื”ืื“ื, ืžืžื” ืฉืืžืจื• ื‘ื’ืžืจื [ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืก: (ืžืชื•ืจื’ื)]: "ื›ืฉืžื›ืกื” ืจืืฉื• ื‘ืกื•ื“ืจ [ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืœื›ื•ื‘ืข ื•ืœื›ืœ ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ืื—ืจ (ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ืฉื)] - ื™ืืžืจ: ื‘ืจื•ืš ืขื•ื˜ืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืชืคืืจื”". ื ืžืฆื ืฉื—ื›ืžื™ื ืชื™ืงื ื• ื‘ืจื›ื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืœื›ื™ืกื•ื™-ืจืืฉ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉื—ืจ. ื•ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจื• 'ื™ืฉืจืืœ' ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ื–ื•, ืฉื“ื•ื•ืงื 'ื™ืฉืจืืœ' ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ื“ื• ืœืคื ื™ื• ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ื‘ื›ื™ืกื•ื™-ืจืืฉ [ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘"ื™ ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื’ืจ"ื (ื—ืื•"ื—, ืกื™' ืž"ื•)]. ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื‘"ืขืฅ ื™ื•ืกืฃ" (ืขืœ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”) ืฉื–ื” ืฉืคื™ืจื˜ ื‘ื–ื• ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” 'ื™ืฉืจืืœ', ืžื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืŸ ื‘ืฉืืจ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช, ื—ื•ืฅ ืž'ืื•ื–ืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœ' (ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืคืจื™ืฉื” ื—ืื•"ื— ืกื™' ืž"ื•, ืก"ืง ื—'), ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืฉืืจ ื”ืขืžื™ื ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื ื‘ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืจืืฉ ืžืคื ื™ ื”ืงื•ืจ ืื• ื”ื—ื•ื, ื•ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื ืžื•ืจื ืฉืœ ืฉืžื™ื™ื" (ืข"ืค "ื™ืœืงื•ื˜ ื™ื•ืกืฃ" ื—"ื, ืกื™' ื‘', ืกืข' ื˜"ื•, ืขืž' ืจืœื”).
ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื‘"ืขืจื•ืš ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ" (ืกื™' ื‘', ืกืข' ื™'): "ื•ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืจืืฉ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ื•ื”ื™ืจืื”, ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ื• ื™ืชื‘ืจืš, ืฉ'ืžืœื•ื ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื•', ื›ืžื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ื’ื™ืœื•ื™-ืจืืฉ. ื•ืื ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื” ื›ืŸ, ืขื–ื•ืช ื™ืฆืจื• ืžืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื• ื’ื ื‘ืœื ื”ืจื’ืฉื”. ื•ืžื™ ืฉืจื•ืฆื” ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืจืืช ื”' ื™ืฉืžื•ืจ ืืช ืขืฆืžื•. ื•ื“ื™ ืœืžื‘ื™ืŸ". ืขื›"ืœ.


ื›ื™ืกื•ื™-ื”ืจืืฉ - ื”ืื™ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉื‚ึดื›ืœื™, ืžื—ืฉืฉ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืฉื‚ื›ืœ ืฉืœ ื’ื ืื™
"ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืกื•ื“ ื›ื™ืกื•ื™-ื”ืจืืฉ ืœืื™ืžืชื ื“ืฉืžื™ื (ืœื™ืจืืช ืฉืžื™ื™ื) ื”ื•ื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื™ื‘ืจ ื”ืจืืฉ ื”ื•ื ืื™ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉื‚ึดื›ืœื™, ื•ืœืคื™ ืฉื›ืœ ืื™ื‘ืจ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ื‘ื• ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ื’ื ืื™ ืจืื•ื™ ื”ื•ื ืœื›ื™ืกื•ื™, ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืชื‘ื™ื™ืฉ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ืžื’ื•ื ื” ื•ื™ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ืจืง ืœืฉื‘ื—, ื•ื”ืฉื‚ื›ืœ ืืฃ-ืขืœ-ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื˜ื•ื‘ ื ื•ืฆืจ ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื›ืฉื™ืฉืœื— ืื“ื ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืชื™ื•, ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืžื•ืคืœื ืžืžื ื•, ื•ืžื›ืœ ืฉื›ืŸ ื›ืฉื™ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื”ื™ืจื”ื•ืจื™ื ืืกื•ืจื™ื, ื”ืจื™ ื™ืฉ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืฉื‚ื›ืœ ืฉืœ ื’ื ืื™, ื•ืžืฉื•ื ื”ื›ื™ (ื›ืš) ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื• ื”ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ืขืœ-ืขืœ-ืคื ื™ื ื‘ื—ืœืง ืžืžื ื•, ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืขืœ-ื›ืœ-ืคื ื™ื ืจืื•ื™ ืœื—ื•ืฉ ืขืœ ืขื™ืจื•ื ื—ืœืง ื”ื’ื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื•. ื•ืขืœ-ืคื™ ื–ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื”ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ื™ืš ื›ื™ ืื ื‘ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืงืฆืช ื“ืขืช, ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœื—ื ื›ื• ื‘ื™ืจืืช ืฉืžื™ื™ื, ืฉืขื ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ื›ื™ืกื•ื™-ื”ืจืืฉ ืžื—ื–ืง ื›ื— ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืฉืœื ื™ืœืš ืื—ืจ ืฉื‚ึดื›ืœื• ื•ืฉืจื™ืจื•ืช ืœื™ื‘ื•" ["ืžืฆื•ืช ืจืื™"ื”" ื—ืื•"ื—, ืกื™' ื‘', ืกืข' ื•', ืขืž' ื˜ื•/ื ื“"ื” ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ (ืขื™ื™"ืฉ)].
ืžืจืŸ ื”ื’ื”"ืฆ ื”ื—ืกื™ื“ ื•ื›ื•' ืจื‘ื™ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื™ืฆื—ืง ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืงื•ืง ื–ืฆื•ืงืœืœื”"ื” "ื”ื™ื” ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืžืจื—ื. ืžื™ื“ ื›ืฉื ื•ืœื“ - ืฉืžื• ื›ื™ืคื” ืขืœ ืจืืฉื•, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืฉืขืช ืฉื™ื ื” ืœื ื”ืกื™ืจื• ืื•ืชื”, ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืืฃ ืจื’ืข ื‘ื’ื™ืœื•ื™-ืจืืฉ. ื•ืืžื ืกื™ืคืจื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืคืœื, ื›ื™ ื’ื ื‘ืฉืขืช-ืฉื ืชื• ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ื›ื™ืคื” ื ื•ืคืœืช ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืžืขืœ ืจืืฉื•. ื”ื™ื” ื”ื™ืœื“ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ื•ืžืชืขื•ืจืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื™ื ื”" [ืžืคื™ ืื—ื™ื• ื”ื’"ืจ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืงื•ืง ื–ืฆ"ืœ ("ื˜ืœ ื”ืจืื™"ื”", ืขืž' ืžื“)].
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il