ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื
  • ื™ื•ื ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื
  • ืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
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13 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ื ืื•ื ืฉื ืฉื ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช 'ื ื™ืจ' ืงืจื™ืช ืืจื‘ืข, ื‘ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืืœื•ืฃ ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื“ ื“ืื– ืื•ืจื™ ืื•ืจ, ื›ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืœืื—ืจ ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื—ื‘ืœ ื™ืžื™ืช.

ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ื‘ืžืขืฉื” ื”'
ืชืžื™ื“ ืžื•ื˜ืœืช ืขืœื™ื ื• ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช - 'ื•ื™ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื• ื—ืกื“ื™ ื”'' (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืงื–) ื‘ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืžืื•ืจืข ืฉืืจืข ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืœืฉืขืชื•, ื•ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช, ืืš ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืžืื•ืจืข ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื’ื ื‘ืขื™ืชื•ื™ื•, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืœื›ืœ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื•ืœื›ืœ ืชืืจื™ืš ื™ืฉ ืกื’ื•ืœื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช, ื•ืื ืžืื•ืจืข ืืจืข ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืžืกื•ื™ื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืœืžื“ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ื•ื–ื™ืงื” ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืœืื•ืชื• ื—ื•ื“ืฉ, ื•ืžื”ืžืื•ืจืขื•ืช ืฉืื™ืจืขื• ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื• ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื• ื—ื•ื“ืฉ.

ืžืื•ืจืขื•ืช ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืื™ื™ืจ ื‘ืขื‘ืจ
ื ืขืฉื” ื–ื™ื ื•ืง ืœืื—ื•ืจ ื•ื ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ืžื” ืื™ืจืข ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืื™ื™ืจ, ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉืืจืขื• ื›ืžื” ื•ื›ืžื” ืžืื•ืจืขื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉื ืชื ื• ืืช ืื•ืชื•ืชื™ื”ื ืขืœ ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ.
ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ื ื’ื“ ืขื ื–ืจ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืื™ื™ืจ 'ื•ื™ื‘ื•ื ืขืžืœืง ื•ื™ืœื—ื ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืจืคื™ื“ื™ื' (ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื–), ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืžืกืคืจ ืœืื—ืจ ื™ืฆื™ืืชื ืžืขื‘ื“ื•ืช ืžืฆืจื™ื. ื•ืขืžืœืง ืœื ื‘ื ืœื”ืœื—ื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉื˜ื— ืฉืœื•, ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ืฉืœื• ืื• ืขืœ ื”ืžืขืžื“ ืฉืœื•, ืืœื ื ื’ื“ ืขืฆื ื”ื•ืคืขืช ืื•ืจื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืžืœื—ืžื” ื ื’ื“ ืขืฆื ืงื™ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ื”ื–ื” ืฉื”ื•ืœืš ืœืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื‘ืžื•ืชื™ ื”ื”ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”, ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืžื˜ืขืŸ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืขืชื™ื“ ืœื”ืื™ืจ ืœืขืžื™ ืชื‘ืœ.
ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื–ื”ื• ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ืžืื‘ืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืขืžื™ื, ื”ื™ื•ืชื ืžืชื ื’ื“ื™ื ืœืขืฆื ืงื™ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื’ืœื. ื•ื–ืืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื ื˜ื™ืฉืžื™ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช - ื›ืฉื ืฉืื•ืจ ื•ื—ื•ืฉืš ืื™ื ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืžืฉ ื™ื—ื“, ื›ืš ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืขืจื›ื• ื”ื ืขืœื” ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื ืœื ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื• ืื™ื ื ืžืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช ื•ืœื ื™ืฉืœื™ืžื•, ืขื“ ืฉื™ืขืจื™ื›ื• ืืช ืขืจื›ื• ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ.
ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ืช ืœืฆืืชื ืžืžืฆืจื™ื, ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืื™ื™ืจ, ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžืกืข ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืขื‘ืจ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, 'ื‘ืขืฉืจื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื ืขืœื” ื”ืขื ืŸ' (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื™) ืืœื ืฉืœื ื–ื›ื™ื ื• ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืžื™ื“ ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืฉืืจืขื” ืื– ืขื ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ื•ื”ืกืชื‘ื›ื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื ื’ื–ืจื” ื’ื–ื™ืจืช ื”ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื” ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ, ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื’ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ื’ื–ืจื• ืขืงื‘ ื›ืš ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืžืืกื• ื‘ืืจืฅ ื—ืžื“ื”.
ื•ื›ืฉื ืขืฉื” ื–ื™ื ื•ืง ืงื“ื™ืžื” ื›ืืจื‘ืข ืžืื•ืช ื•ืฉืžื•ื ื™ื ืฉื ื” ืื—"ื›, ืœืชืงื•ืคืชื• ืฉืœ ืฉืœืžื” ื”ืžืœืš ืข"ื” ื ืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืฉื”ื ื—ืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื ืขืฉืชื” 'ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื–ื™ื•' (ืžืœื›ื™ื ื, ื•) ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืื™ื™ืจ (ืจ"ื” ื™ื, ื ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืฉื›ืจ - ืžืืžืจื™ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืื™ื™ืจ).

ืžืื•ืจืขื•ืช ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืื™ื™ืจ ื‘ื“ื•ืจื ื•
ื ื–ื ืง ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงื“ื™ืžื”, ืขื•ื“ ื›ืžื” ืืœืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื, ื‘ื“ื•ืจื ื• ืื ื•, ื–ื›ื™ื ื• ืœืฉื ื™ ืžืื•ืจืขื•ืช ืžืจืฉื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืื™ื™ืจ, ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขืฆืžืื•ืช - ื”ื”ื›ืจื–ื” ืขืœ ืชืงื•ืžืช ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืชืฉืข ืขืฉืจื” ืฉื ื”, ื–ื›ื™ื ื• ืœืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ืžืจืฉื™ืžื” ื•ื”ืžืคืœื™ืื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืœ ื™ืžื™ ืงื™ื•ืžื• - ืžืœื—ืžืช ืฉืฉืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืืฉืจ ื’ื•ืœืช ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ืฉืœื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื—ืจื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ืื™ื—ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ 'ื›ืขื™ืจ ืฉื—ื•ื‘ืจื” ืœื” ื™ื—ื“ื™ื•' (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืงื›ื‘).
ืœืฉื ื™ ืžืื•ืจืขื•ืช ืืœื• ืฉืื™ืจืขื• ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื•ืจื ื•, ื–ื™ืงื” ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืœืื•ืชื ืžืื•ืจืขื•ืช ืฉืื™ืจืขื• ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื”ืจื—ื•ืง ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื–ื” - ื”ื”ื›ื ื”, ื”ืžืกืข ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ืขืœ ืงื™ื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืžื” - ืืœื ืฉืื– ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ื•ื‘ื“ื•ืจื ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื–ื• ื”ืชืงื•ืคื”, ื‘ื” ืžืชื ื”ืœืช ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืขืœ ืงื™ื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืžื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

ืืžื ื ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืืจื•ืš ื•ื”ืงืจื‘ื•ืช ื ืžืฉื›ื™ื ื’ื ืื—ืจื™ ืžืœื—ืžืช ืฉืฉืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงืจื‘ ืœืžืœื—ืžื”, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ื” ื”ื™ื• ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ: ืฉืืžื ื ื”ืคืกื“ื ื• ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืืš ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืคืกื“ื ื• ืืช ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื›ื•ืœื”, ื›ืš ื’ื ืืฆืœื ื• ื™ืฉ ืงืจื‘ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื‘ืœื™ ืกื•ืฃ ืืš ืื™ืŸ ื–ื• ื ืกื™ื’ื” ืžื”ืžืขืจื›ื” ื”ื ืžืฉื›ืช ืขื“ ืฉื‘ืข"ื” ื ืฉืœื™ื ืื•ืชื”.
ืž"ืž ืฉื ื™ ืงืจื‘ื•ืช ืืœื• ื”ื ื”ืžืจืฉื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื”ืงืจื‘ ืฉืœ ืžืœื—ืžืช ืฉืฉืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืžื•ืคืœืื” ื•ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ื‘ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื›ืืฉืจ ืชื•ืš ื–ืžืŸ ื›ื” ืงืฆืจ ื–ื›ื” ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ืขื™ืงืจื” ื•ืœื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืืจืฆื ื•, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืืฃ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ-ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืœืงื— ืฉื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื, ื•ื’ื ืื– ืœื ื›ื‘ืฉื• ืืช ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืขื“ ื–ืžื ื• ืฉืœ ื“ื•ื“. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช ื‘ื“ื•ืจื ื•, ืชื•ืš ื–ืžืŸ ืงืฆืจ, ื•ื‘ื”ื™ืกื— ื”ื“ืขืช, ืœืœื ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืงื“ื, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืืœื•ืฃ ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื“ ื“ืื–, ืขื•ื–ื™ ื ืจืงื™ืก, ื‘ืกืคืจื• 'ืื—ืช ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื': ืฉืฉื—ืจื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ืฉืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ืฉื•ืžืจื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” 'ืืงื˜' ืฆื‘ืื™ ื˜ื”ื•ืจ ื•ื”ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ืช ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžื•ื›ื ื”, ืœื ื™ื“ืขื• ืœืขื›ืœ ืืช ื”ื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื•ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ืœื ืขื›ืœื• ืืช ื–ื”, ื•ืžืฉื•ื ื›ืš ื‘ืื” ื›ืœ ืื•ืชื” ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืชื‘ื•ืกืชื ื™ืช ืฉืื ื• ืขื“ื™ื ืœื” ืขื“ ืขืฆื ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื–ื”.

ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืกื“ืจ ื”ืžืื•ืจืขื•ืช
ื ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ื ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืกื“ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื•ืจืขื•ืช, ื›ืืฉืจ ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ - ื”ื—ื–ืจืช ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืžืœื—ืžืช ืฉืฉืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื - ืฉื—ืจื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื“ื•ืข ืกื“ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื” ื›ืš. ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื ืจืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ื, ืžื“ื•ืข ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื ื–ื›ื” ืœืฉื—ืจื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืชื’ื‘ื•ืจืช ืœื ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืชื’ื‘ื•ืจืช ืœื’ื“ื•ื“ ืฉืคืจืฅ ื•ื›ื•', ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืจืง ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช, ืžื”ื™ ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืœื›ืš ืฉื–ื›ื™ื ื• ืœืฉื—ืจืจ ืืช ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ? ืœื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื”ื™ ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ื ื•, ื”ื™ื ืœื ืจืง ื‘ื™ืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืืœื ืžืกืžืœืช ื•ืžื›ื™ืœื” ื‘ืงืจื‘ื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžื˜ืขืŸ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™, ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื•ืฉืœ ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช, ืœืžืœื›ื•ืช, ืœืงื“ื•ืฉื”, ืœื ื‘ื•ืื”, ืœื›ื”ื•ื ื” ื•ืœื›ืœ ื”ืขืจื›ื™ื ื”ื ืขืœื™ื, ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืžื•ื ื— ื‘ืžื™ืœืช ื”ืงืกื 'ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื', ืžื“ืจื™ื’ื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืŸ, ืื–ื™ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืฉื™ื™ืš ืœื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื"ื› ืžืชื’ืœื™ืช ืกื’ื•ืœืช ื”ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื”ื˜ืžื•ื ื” ื•ื”ื’ืœื•ืžื” ื‘ื ืฉืžืช ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื–ื” ื”ืชื’ืœื” ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืขืจื‘ ืžืœื—ืžืช ืฉืฉืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื.

ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื‘ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉืคืขืœื• ื›ืžื” ืฆื‘ืื•ืช, 'ืืœื” ืฆื‘ืื•ืช ื”'' ืจืืฉื™ ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช: ืืฆ"ืœ, ืœื—"ื™ ื•ื”ื’ื ื”, ื”ื™ื” ืคื™ืจื•ื“, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื ื›ื‘ืฉื” ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื”ืœื—"ื™ ื”ื™ื” ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ื‘ืฉื ื• ืืช ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื•ื”ืคืœืž"ื— ื”ื™ื” ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ื‘ืฉื ื• ืืช ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืช ืฉืฉืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื, ื”ื™ื” ืฆื”"ืœ ืื—ื“, ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืžืžืฉืœื”, ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืชืขืœื” ืื–ื™ ื–ื•ื›ื” ื”ื•ื ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื, ื›ืžื• ืฉื‘ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ื›ืชื•ื‘ 'ื•ื™ื—ืŸ ืฉื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ื’ื“ ื”ื”ืจ' (ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื˜) ื›ืœ ื”ืžืกืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช 'ื•ื™ืกืขื• ื•ื™ื—ื ื•' (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืœ) ื•ื–ื• ื”ืคืขื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ 'ื•ื™ื—ืŸ ืฉื ื™ืฉืจืืœ' (ืžื›ื™ืœืชื ื‘ืžืงื•ื) ืืžืจ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืขืช ืฉืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืœืชืช ื‘ื” ืชื•ืจื”, ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ืื—ื“ื•ืช - ื–ื•ื›ื™ื, ื•ืื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฉืขืช ื”ืชืจื•ืžืžื•ืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืชืจื•ืžื ืื–, ื‘ืื•ืชื ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืžืชื ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”, ื‘ื”ื ื”ื™ื” ืžืชื—, ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื” ื•ื—ืจื“ื” ืœืงืจืืช ื”ื‘ืื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืชืจื•ืžืžื•ืช ืจื•ื—, ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื ื ืคืœ ื‘ื™ืื•ืฉ, ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžื•ื˜ื™ื‘ืฆื™ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”, ื›ื•ืœื ื”ื›ื™ืจื• ื‘ืกื›ื ื” ื”ื ืฉืงืคืช ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ืฆื™ื•ืŸ, ื•ืžืฉื•ื ื›ืš ื”ืชืขืœื• ืžืขืœ ืœื›ืœ ืื•ืชื ื—ื™ืœื•ืงื™ ื“ืขื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื˜ื™ืคืฉื™ื™ื ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ, ืฉื”ื™ื• ื•ืฉื™ืฉื ื ืขื“ ืขืฆื ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื–ื”, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื”ื ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื‘ืœ, ืื™ืŸ ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ืช ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช, ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ื‘ืขืœืช ืขืจืš, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืคืœื’ื•ืช, ืืžื ื ืงื•ืจื™ื ืœืขืฆืžื ืžืขืจืš ืืš ื–ื” ืœืœื ื›ืœ ืขืจื›ื™ื, ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืชืขืœื•ืช, ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืื—ื“ื•ืช, ื•ืžืฉื•ื ื›ืš ื–ื›ื” ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื”ื—ื–ืจืชื” ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื” ืขื™ืจ ืฉื—ื•ื‘ืจื” ืœื” ื™ื—ื“ื™ื•.

ืกื’ื•ืœืช ื”ืื—ื“ื•ืช
ืกื’ื•ืœืช ื”ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช - ื”ื™ื ืžืขืœื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ื•ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื—ื›ืžื” ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช 1 ืฉื”ื™ื ืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืจื—ื‘ ืœื ืฉื™ื™ืš ืžื•ืฉื’ ืฉืœ ืื—ื“ื•ืช 'ืขืœืžื ื“ืคื™ืจื•ื“ื' ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืงืฉืงืฉ 'ืื•ืžื•ืช ืžืื•ื—ื“ื•ืช' 'ืื—ื“ื•ืช ืœืื•ืžื™ืช' ื”ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืœ, ื–ื”ื• ืขืœืžื ื“ืคื™ืจื•ื“ื ืื—ื“ ืื•ื›ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉื ื™ ื›ืžื• ืืฆืœ ื‘ืข"ื—, ื ืžืœื™ื ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื, ืœื ืื™ื›ืคืช ืœื”ื ืื—ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืฉื ื™, ื›ืš ืืฆืœ ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ ืื—ื“ื•ืช ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ืฉื™ื™ืš ืจืง ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืืžื ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื—ื•ืœืฉื•ืช ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื–ื” ืœื ืžื•ืฆื ืชืžื™ื“ ืืช ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื• ื‘ืฉื˜ื—, ืื‘ืœ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ื–ื” ืฉื™ื™ืš ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืฉื—ื™ ืคื” ื•ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืฉื—ื™ ื‘ืืจื’ื ื˜ื™ื ื” ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื - ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืžื›ื ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืœื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืคื•ืขื, ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืคื” ืื™ื›ืคืช ืœื• ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ืœื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืฉื ื•ืœื”ื™ืคืš, ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ื, ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืื—ื“ ืขืœ ื™ื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืœื ืื™ื›ืคืช ืœื• ื›ืœืœ ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ืœืฉื ื™, ื™ืชื™ืจื” ืžื–ืืช ื”ื•ื ืขื•ื“ ื ื”ื ื” ืžื–ื” ืฉื‘ื ื™ ืขืžื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื—ื ื•ืช ื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื•ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืฉืžืจ ืืช ื–ื” ืข"ืž ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื ื’ื— ืืช ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืืฆืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื ื™ืขืœื” ืขืœ ื”ื“ืขืช ืฉืื ื™ืฉ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื•ืงื” ืฉืžืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ ืœื ื™ืฉืชื“ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ื ื›ืžื™ื˜ื‘ ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื•, ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืกื’ื•ืœืช ื”ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื”ื’ื ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ.
ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื”ืžืื•ืจืขื•ืช ื™ืฉื ื• ืขื•ื“ ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืขืžื•ืง, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืžืจื ื• ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืžืกืžืœืช ืืช ื”ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืžืžื ื” ื™ื•ืฆืืช ื”ื•ืจืื” ืœืขื•ืœื ื•ืžืžื ื” ื™ื•ืฆืืช ืื•ืจื” ืœืขื•ืœื (ืชืขื ื™ืช ื˜ื–, ื), ืœื›ืŸ ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ ื–ื›ื” ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื”ื—ื–ืจืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื—ืจื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื—ืœืง ืžืืจืฆื™ื ื•, ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื”ืชืงื“ืžื ื• ืฉืœื‘ ื ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื–ื›ื™ื ื• ืœืฉื—ืจืจ ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ื ืžืžื ื• ืชืฆื ืื•ืจื” ืœืขื•ืœื.

ื—ื•ืœืฉื” ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ
ืื‘ืœ ืฉื—ืจื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืžืจื ื• ืœื ื”ืกืชื™ื™ื, ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ื ืžืฉืš, ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื—ืจืจ ืคื™ื–ื™ืช ืืช ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื”ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื•ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ืฉื•ืžืจื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื”ื˜ืžื•ื ื” ื‘ื”ื. ืื‘ืœ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ืกืจื” ื”ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื‘ื—ืœืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ (ืœื ื—ืก ื•ื—ืœื™ืœื” ื‘ื›ื•ืœื) ืฉื—ื–ืจื ื• ืœื ื—ืœืช ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืœืืจืฅ ืืฉืจ ืžืžื ื” ื’ื•ืจืฉื ื•, ื•ื”ื—ื•ืœืฉื” ื”ื–ืืช ื”ื—ืœื” ืœื ืžื”ื™ื•ื ืืœื ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ืขืฆืžื•.
ืกื™ืคืจ ืœื ื• ืžื•ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื, ืืœื™, ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืžืฉ ืื– ื›ืžืคืงื“ ืคืœื•ื’ื” ืืฉืจ ืคืจืฆื” ื“ืจืš ืฉืขืจ ื”ืืฉืคื•ืช ื›ืฉื ื›ื ืกื ื• ืœืขื™ืจ ื”ืขืชื™ืงื”: ื—ืฉื‘ื ื• ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ ืกื“ืจ ื›ืคื™ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ ืกื“ืจ, ืื‘ืœ ืจืง ืฉืฉ ืฉืขื•ืช ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื“ืื–, ื”ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืืช ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ ื”ื•ื•ืืงืฃ ื•ืžืกืจ ืœื”ื ืืช ื”ืžืคืชื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืช - ืืชื ื”ื‘ืขืœื™ ื‘ืชื™ื ืขืœื™ื•, ื•ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ ืื•ืชื ืขืœ ืžืงื•ื ืžืงื“ืฉื™ื ื•. ื•ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ: ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืจื’ืข ื”ืคืกื“ื ื• ืืช ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”, ื›ืš ืืžืจ ืž"ืค ืื–, ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ื“ืข ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื˜ื—, ื“ื‘ืจ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ืขืœ ืžืงื•ื ืžืงื“ืฉื™ื ื• ืฉื–ื”ื• ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืงื•ื“ืฉ ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ (ืฉืงื“ื•ืฉืชื• ืœืขื•ืœื ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื˜ืžื ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ื‘ื• 2 ). ืœื ื• ืื™ืŸ 'ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื' ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ื ืจืง ืžืงื•ื ืื—ื“ ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืช, ืœืขืจื‘ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืืช ืžื›ื”, ื•ืœื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื‘ื ืชื™ื™ื, ืืคืฉืจ ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ืงืฆื•ืช ืœื”ื ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืืœ ืืงืฆื” ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื“ืจื•ื, ื•ืืช ื”ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื™ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืกื’ื•ืจ, ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืงื“ื•ืฉืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื. ืืœื ื›ืฉื—ืกืจื” ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื•ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื™ื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจ ื‘ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืœืืจืฆื• ืฉืœื•, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื–ื›ืจื ื•, ื—ื–ืจื ื• ื‘ื”ื™ืกื— ื”ื“ืขืช ืœืœื ื”ื›ื ื” ื•ืœื ื™ื“ืขื• ืื™ืš ืœืขื›ืœ ืืช ื–ื” ืื– ื”'ื—ื›ืžื™ื' ืฉืœื ื• ืขืฉื• ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื•.

ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืžื‘ื™ืฉ ื•ื”ืžืฉืคื™ืœ ื ืžืฉืš ืขื“ ืขืฆื ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื–ื”. ืคืขื ื“ื‘ืจื• 'ื”ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืช' ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื ื• ื›ืš ื”ื›ืจื™ื– ื”ืžื—"ื˜, ื”ื™ื•ื ืœืื˜ ืœืื˜ ื‘ื”ืฉืคืขืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ื’ื“ื ื™ืช ื•ื”ืขื•ื™ื ืช ื”ืฉืžื™ื˜ื• ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืœืœื•, ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ 'ื”ื›ื•ืชืœ' ื›ืขื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืคืชื— ืฉืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืฆื“ ืขื ืงืฆืช ืื–ื•ื‘ ื•ืขื•ืคืจืช, ื‘ื‘ื–ื™ื•ืŸ, ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืืช ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื’ืœื•ืช, 'ื”ื›ื•ืชืœ', ืขื ื›ืœ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืชื• ื”ื•ื ืจืง ื›ื•ืชืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื•ืืช ื”ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื.
ื’ื ืื ื™ืฉ ืžื ื™ืขื•ืช ื”ืœื›ืชื™ื•ืช ืืฉืจ ืžื•ื ืขื•ืช ืžืื™ืชื ื• ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืช ื‘ื™ื”ืž"ืง ื–ื” ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืžืฉ ืขื™ืœื” ืฉื”ืจืฉืขื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื™ื ืฆืœื• ืืช ื–ื” ื•ื™ื“ื—ืงื• ืืช ืจื’ืœื™ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืžื• ื™ื“ื™ื ื• ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืคืœื” ื•ื”ื”ื›ื ืขื” ื•ืืช ื”ื”ืชืจืคืกื•ืช ืฉืžื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืื ืœื ื›ืœ ื”ืฆืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ืช ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ืื™ื ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืื“ื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืื“ื™ืฉื™ื ืœืžืงื•ื ื‘ื™ืช ืžืงื“ืฉื™ื ื• 3 .

ืื•ืชื• ื“ื‘ืจ ืงืจื” ื’ื ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื›ืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืœื›ืช ืชื›ืฃ ืื—ืจ ื”ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ื‘ืชื ื•ืคื” ืขืฆื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช, ื•ื’ืื•ืœืช ืื“ืžื•ืช ื‘ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืฉื•ืžืจื•ืŸ ื•ื—ื‘ืœ ืขื–ื”, ื•ืื– ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืงืจืงืขื•ืช ื‘ื–ื™ืœ ื”ื–ื•ืœ, ื”ืœื›ื• ื”ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื 'ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื' ื•ื—ื•ืงืงื• ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื ื’ื“ ื–ื” ืงื ืกื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ืช ืกื•ื”ืจ, ื—ื•ืงื™ ืจืฉืขื•ืช, ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ืœื‘ืŸ, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ืขืœ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ืขื ื™ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื™, ืื‘ืœ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช, ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื”ืฉืงืคื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช, ื•ื”ืžื•ื˜ื™ื‘ืฆื™ื” ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื™ืช, ื”ื™ื ื ืžืฉื›ืช ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื, ื•ื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ื ืžืฉื›ืช ืื ื• ืขื“ื™ื ืœืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืžืืœื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื•ื’ื“ื ื™ืช ืขื•ื™ื™ื ืช ืฉืœ ืชืกื›ื•ืœ ื•ืฉืœ ื”ืชื ื›ืจื•ืช ืœืžื•ืจืฉืช ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ืœืืจืฆื•.

ื–ืงื™ืคืช ืงื•ืžืชื™ื ื• ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช
ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื–ื”, ืžื”ื™ ื”ื“ืจืš ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืžืฆื‘?
ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืงืจืืช ืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืฉื•ืืคื™ื, ืžื”ื™ ืชื›ืœื™ืชื” ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืืช ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื•ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืฉื•ืืคื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ,
ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ืืœืคื™ื™ื ืฉื ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœื” ืœื ื—ื–ืจ ืœืืจืฆื• ืืš ื•ืจืง ืœื›ื•ื ืŸ ืžืžืœื›ื” ืฉื™ื“ื‘ืจื• ื‘ื” ืขื‘ืจื™ืช, ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืกื‘ื•ืœ ืืœืคื™ื™ื ืฉื ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœื”, ื•ืื™ื ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ื•ืื™ื ื•ื ืฉื˜ืžื™ื ืžื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช ื›ื•ืœื, ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืจืง ืชืฉื•ืงื” ืื—ืช 'ืœื›ื• ื•ื ื›ื—ื™ื“ื ืžื’ื•ื™ ื•ืœื ื™ื–ื›ืจ ืฉื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื•ื“' (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืคื’) ื•ื’ื ื”ื™ื•ื ืื ื• ืžื•ืงืคื™ื ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ืžื’ืžื” ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื”ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืžื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืขื ื”ื–ื”, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืœื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ, ืž"ืž ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื–ื•ื”ื™ ืžื’ืžืชื ื•ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืชืฉื•ืงืชื ื•ืœืงืจืืช ื–ื” ื”ื ืคื•ืขืœื™ื, ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืœื ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื ืืช ื–ืžืžื ื–ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื—ืกื“ื™ ื”' ืฉื”ื ืžืคื—ื“ื™ื ืžืฆื‘ื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืจืง ื”ืคื—ื“ ื”ื–ื” ืžืจืชื™ืข ืื•ืชื, ืœื ืื•"ื ืœื ืฉืžื•"ื ื–ื” ืื™ื›ืคืช ืœื”ื ื›ืงืœื™ืคืช ื”ืฉื•ื, ื”ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืกืคื’ื• ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช, ื™ืฉ ืžื”ื ื›ืืœื” ืฉื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื ื•ืžืคื—ื“ื™ื, ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉื”ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”ื ื“ื™ ื—ืœืฉ, ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ืฉืจืง ื”ืคื—ื“ ื”ื•ื ื–ื” ืฉืžืจืชื™ืข ืื•ืชื, ืœื ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ, ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืฉืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ื–ืง ื•ื™ื–ืงื•ืฃ ืืช ืงื•ืžืชื• ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช, ื‘ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืืช ื”ืžืฉืš ืฉืœื•ืžื• ืœื ืข"ื™ ื”ืชืจืคืกื•ืช, ืœื ืข"ื™ ืฉื™ื‘ืงืฉ ืžืคืจืื™ ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ื–ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉืœื•ื, ืœื ืข"ื™ ื–ื” ื ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืฉืœื•ื, ืจืง ืข"ื™ ื–ืงื™ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืžื” ืฉืœื ื•, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืขื ื”ืฆื“ืง ื•ื”ืžื•ืกืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•, ืฉื”ืืžืช ืชื”ื™ื” ื ืจ ืœืจื’ืœื™ื ื•, ืœื ื—"ื• ื›ืžื• ืืฆืœ ืขืžื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉื”ืจืฉืขื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ื“ื‘ืจื” ืื• ื”ื”ืฉืคืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ื–ื•ืœืช ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืจืืฉ ืžืขื™ื™ื ื™ื”ื.
ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื”ืฉืงืคื•ืช ื›ืืœื”, ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื“ืขื•ืช ื›ืืœื”, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืžื’ืžื•ืช ื›ืืœื”, ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื™ื—ื–ื™ืจื• ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ื’ื–ื™ืœื” ืฉืœื ื• ืืช ืืจืฆื ื• ืื ื• ื•ื”ืžืื‘ืง ืขืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื ืžืฉืš ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืžืจื ื•.

ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื
ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืžืกืžืœืช ืืฆืœื ื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžื˜ืขืŸ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื”ื›ืœื•ืœ ื‘ืžื™ืœื” ื–ื•, ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ืžื‘ืืจ (ื‘"ืจ ืคืจืฉื” ื ื•) ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื’ืœื•ื ื‘ืฉื ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื›ืš 'ื•ืžืœื›ื™ ืฆื“ืง ืžืœืš ืฉืœื' (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื™ื“), ื•ื—ื–"ืœ ื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“ (ื ื“ืจื™ื ืœื‘, ื) ื“ืจืฉื• ื“ืžืœื›ื™ ืฆื“ืง ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื ื‘ืŸ ื ื—, ื•ื”ื•ื ืงืจื ืœื” ื‘ืฉื 'ืฉืœื'. ื•ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ืœืื—ืจ ืขืงื™ื“ืช ื™ืฆื—ืง, ืงืจื ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืœืžืงื•ื ื”ื–ื” 'ื‘ื”ืจ ื”' ื™ืจืื”' (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื›ื‘).
ืื ื›ืŸ, ืฉื ื›ื™ื ื” ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืฉื ืฉืœื - ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ืฉื ื‘ืŸ ื ื— ื”ื™ื” ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ืžื™ืŸ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื•, ืฉื™ืชื ื”ื’ื• ื˜ื•ื‘ ืื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืฉื ื™, ืœื ื™ื’ื ื‘ื•, ื•ืœื ื™ื˜ืจืคื• ืื—ื“ ืืช ื”ืฉื ื™ ื›ืžื• ื’ื ืฉืื™ืœืฃ ื•ื—ื™ื ืš ืืช ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœื ื™ื˜ืจืคื• ื–ื” ืืช ื–ื”, ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืžื”ื ืืช ื”ืจืฉืขื•ืช, ื–ื”ื• ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ืฉื ื‘ืŸ ื ื—.
ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืงืจื ืœืžืงื•ื 'ื‘ื”ืจ ื”' ื™ืจืื”', ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืขืœื” ืขืœ ื‘ืžื•ืชื™ ื”ื”ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ืฉืงื•ืข ื‘ื‘ืขืจื•ืช, ื‘ืืœื™ืœื•ืช, ื‘ืชื•ืขื‘ื•ืช, ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ืœ ืœืคืจืกื ืืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ืืœ ืื—ื“. "ื•ื™ืงืจื ืฉื ื‘ืฉื ื”' ื-ืœ ืขื•ืœื", ืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ื”ืฉื’ื—ื”, ืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ืฉื›ืจ ื•ืขื•ื ืฉ, ืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ืขืจื›ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื, ื‘ื”ืจ ื”' ื™ืจืื” - ื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช ื”ืืœื•ืงื•ืช ืชื”ื™ื” ื‘ื”ืจ, ืื‘ืจื”ื ื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืชื—ื•ื ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœืžืงื•ื.

ืขื•ื“ ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“ (ืคืกื—ื™ื ืคื—, ื) ืฉืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื›ื™ื ื” ืืช ืžืงื•ื ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื‘ืฉื ื”ืจ, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืงื•ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ืžืขื•ื‘ื“, ืื™ื ื ื• ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ ื•ืื™ื ื ื• ืžื™ื•ืฉื‘, ื•ื™ืฆื—ืง ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืงืจืื• ื‘ืฉื ืฉื“ื” - 'ื•ื™ืฆื ื™ืฆื—ืง ืœืฉื•ื— ื‘ืฉื“ื”' (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื›ื“) - ืžืฉืžืขืชื• ื—ืœืงื” ืžืขื•ื‘ื“ืช, ื—ืœืงื” ืžื˜ื•ืคืœืช, ื›ื™ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื•ื™ืฆื—ืง ืขืฉื• ื—ืจื™ืฉ ื‘ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื•ืช. ื•ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ื–ื›ื” ืœืงืจื ืœืžืงื•ื ื‘ืฉื ื‘ื™ืช - 'ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื›ื™ ืื ื‘ื™ืช ืืœื•ืงื™ื' (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื›ื—), ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืฉืœื•ืฉ ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืคืจืกืžื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื”ืžืงื•ื ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื‘ื™ืช, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืงื•ื ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ื• ื•ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื•.
ืื ื›ืŸ, ืฉื ืงืจื ืœื” 'ืฉืœื' - ืชื—ื•ื ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื•, ื•ืื‘ืจื”ื ืงืจืื• 'ื™ืจืื”' - ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœืžืงื•ื. ืืžืจ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœื ื‘ื™ืื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื ื™ ืืฉืœื‘ ืืช ืฉื ื™ ื”ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื—ื“ ื•ืืงืจื ืœื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื , ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืžื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ื–ื” ืชืฆืื ื” ื”ื“ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื™ - 'ื›ื™ ืžืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฆื ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ื”' ืžื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื' (ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ื‘), ื•ื”ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื ืงืจื ื”ืจ ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื” ืขืœ ืฉื•ื ืฉืžืžื ื• ื™ื•ืฆืืช ืื•ืจื” ืœืขื•ืœื ื•ืžืžื ื• ื™ื•ืฆืืช ื”ื•ืจืื” ืœืขื•ืœื.

ื•ืืžื ื ืจื•ืื™ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื• ื›ื™ื•ื ื–ืงื•ืง ืœืจื•ื— ืฉืชืจื•ืžื ืื•ืชื•, ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ืžืชื“ืจื“ืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืžื•ืกืจ, ื‘ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื•, ืจืืฉื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื•ื—ื›ื™"ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืงืจ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื’ืœื•ื™ื” ื•ืœื ืžืชื‘ื™ื™ืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ, ื”ืืžืช ื ืขื“ืจืช ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื—ืกืจ ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ืฉืจ ื•ื”ืืžืช, ื•ื–ื” ื›ืœื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ืœื›ืŸ ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืฉื•ืืคื™ื ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื–ื” ื—ืกืจ ืœื ื• ื›ืื•ื™ืจ ืœื ืฉื™ืžื”, ื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ื ื•ืกื˜ืœื’ื™ื” ื”ืชืจืคืงื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืขื‘ืจ, ืื• ืขื ื™ืŸ ืืจื›ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืืœื ืฉื™ื’ืœื• ื‘ื” ื›ืœ ืื•ืชื ื”ืฉืื™ืคื•ืช ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ื“ื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื• ื•ืœืชื™ืงื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ื‘ื›ืœืœื” - 'ืœืชืงืŸ ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉื“-ื™'.

ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“ (ืกื•ื›ื” ื ื”, ื‘) ืฉืื ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืžื” ื”ื ื”ืคืกื™ื“ื• ื‘ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืช, ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืื•ืช ื•ืžื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ื•ืžืชื—ื ื ื•ืช ืžืืชื ื•, ืืชื ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ื•ืื• ื•ืชื™ื‘ื ื• ืืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื•ืชื‘ื™ืื• ืืช ื”ื™ืฉื•ืขื” ืœืขื•ืœื. ืืœื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืคืœื ืฉื”ืŸ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ืŸ ืžื‘ื™ื ื•ืช ื–ืืช, ืื ื—ืœืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ืฉืŸ ื•ืœื ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ื—ืกืจ, ืื– ืžื” ื™ืฉ ืœืฆืคื•ืช ืžืื—ืจื™ื, ืžื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื.

ืชืคืงื™ื“ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืชื•ืจื”
ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืขืžื•ืงื”, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื ื• ื—ื“ื•ืจ ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืจื—ื‘, ื•ื–ื”ื• ืชืคืงื™ื“ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืชื•ืจื”, - ื—ื•ื‘ืฉื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ, ืืœื• ืฉื™ื•ื ืงื™ื ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืžืขื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืชื™ืง ื•ื”ื—ื™, ืžื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื, ืฉืžืคื›ื™ื ืืช ื”ื–ืจื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™, ื–ืจื ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืกืคืง ืฉืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ืœืื” ืœืฉืชื•ืช ืืช ืื•ืชื ืชื—ืœื™ืคื™ื ื›ืœ ื”'ืื™ื–ืžื™ื' ืœืžื™ื ื™ื”ื, ืฉืžืืœ ื—ื“ืฉ, ืฉืžืืœ ื™ืฉืŸ, ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื”ื‘ืœ ื•ื”ืฉื˜ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืžืœืขื™ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื” 'ืชืจื‘ื•ืช' ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื” 'ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช', ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื–ื” ืœื ืฉื•ื•ื” ื›ืœื•ื, ื–ื” ืงืฉ, ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื–ืงื•ืง ืœืžื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืžื–ื•ืŸ ืื™ืชืŸ ืฉื™ื‘ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื•ื™ื•ืฆื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื•ื™ืจื•ืžื ืื•ืชื•, ื•ื™ืฉื—ืจืจ ืื•ืชื• ืžื›ืœ ื”ืขื‘ื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื˜ืื™ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉืงื•ืข ื‘ืชื•ื›ื”.
ื•ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ื•ื ืจืง ืžืชื•ืš ืืžื™ืชื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื”, ืืœื• ืฉื—ืฉื™ื ืืช ืคืขืžื™ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื”, ืืฉืจ ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืขืžื•ืงื” ื”ื’ืœื•ืžื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื•ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ืฉืฉื—ืจื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื”ืชื—ื•ืœืœ ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื—ืจื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื”ืงืžืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ืฉืœ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืฉืœื‘ื™ ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช, ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื•, ืœื”ืชืื–ืจ ื•ืœื”ื™ืื–ืจ, ื•ืœืฆืขื•ื“ ืงื“ื™ืžื” ื•ืœื ืœื™ืคื•ืœ ื—"ื• ื‘ื™ืื•ืฉ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื—ื•ืœืฉื•ืช ื”ื”ื•ืœื›ื•ืช ื•ืžืชื’ืœื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื”ื ื”ื•ืœื›ื•ืช ื•ืžืชื’ืœื•ืช ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื—ืกืจื” ืœื”ื ื”ืชืฉืชื™ืช, ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืžืžื” ืœื™ื ื•ืง, ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื”ื• ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื”ื• ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืืจืฆื•, ืœืงืจืืช ืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฉืื•ืฃ, ืžื” ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืžืื™ืชื ื•, ืžื” ื”ื™ื ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœื›ืš ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืชืช ืจืง ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื ื•ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื›ืžื•ืชื™ืช ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ืขื˜ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืคื™ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœื ื”ื›ืžื•ืช ืงื•ื‘ืขืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”, ื›ืžื• ืฉื‘ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ื—ืฉืžื•ื ืื™ื ืžืขื˜ื™ื ื ืฆื—ื• ืจื‘ื™ื, ื•ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืขื˜ ืžื›ืœ ื”ืขืžื™ื ื ื’ื“ ื›ืœ ื”ืขืžื™ื, ื•ืืฃ ืคืขื ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื›ืžื•ืชื™ ืœื ืงื‘ืข ื›ืžื• ืฉื™ื“ื•ืข ื’ื ื‘ืฆื‘ื, ืฆื‘ื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืฃ ืคืขื ืœื ื”ืฉืชื•ื•ื” ืœื›ืœ ื”ืฆื‘ืื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืคื” ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘, ืืš ืžื” ื ืชืŸ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ื›ื—, ื”ืžื•ื˜ื™ื‘ืฆื™ื”, ืจื•ื— ื”ืœื—ื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื“ืข ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื” ื”ื•ื ื ืœื—ื, ื”ืื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฆื‘ื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื•ื” ื•ื–ื” ื’ื ืžื” ืฉื™ื”ื™ื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ืื ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืžืจื“ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื‘ืจ-ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื ืฉืžืจื“ื• ื•ื ืœื—ืžื• ื ื’ื“ ืื™ืžืคืจื™ื”, ืจื•ืžื™ ืื– ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื›ืžื• ืจื•ืกื™ื” ื”ืกื•ื‘ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืช ื•ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื’ื ื™ื—ื“, ื”ืื™ืžืคืจื™ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื•ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืงื˜ื ื”, ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื”ื ื”ืขื–ื• ืœื”ืœื—ื ื•ืืœืžืœื ื”ื—ื•ืœืฉื” ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ื”ื™ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื ื’ื“ ื”ืžืขืฆืžื”.

ื”ืชื•ืจื” - ืžืขื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื
ืžืื™ืคื” ืฉื•ืื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”, ืืช ื–ื” ืœื ืฉื•ืื‘ื™ื ืžืงืจื™ืืช ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ ื”ืืจืฅ, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ืžื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื•ืžืจ ืžืœืจืื•ืช ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืืช ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ื‘ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื”, ื•ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื‘ืœ ืฉืกื™ืคืจื• ืœื™ ืžื” ืžืจืื™ื ืฉื, ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืชื•ืขื‘ื•ืช ืฉื’ื ื™ื–ืชื ื”ื™ื ืชืงื ืชื, ืžื–ื” ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉืœื ืฉื•ืื‘ื™ื ื›ืœ ื›ื•ื—, ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉื•ืื‘ื™ื ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืžืขื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืชื™ืง ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ื›ื•ืชื‘: "ืžื‘ื™ืช ื”ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืฉืœ ื ืฉืžืช ื”ืื•ืžื”" - ืžืชื•ืš ื›ื•ืชืœื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ, ืžืชื•ืš ืืœื• ืฉืžืชืื‘ืงื™ื ื‘ื”ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ื“ืื‘ื™ื™ ื•ืจื‘ื, ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืขืœืืช ื”ืžื•ืกืจ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื•ื™ื—ื™ื“, ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืขืœืืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื•ื”ื˜ื”ืจื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื—ื“, ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืžื•ื˜ื™ื‘ืฆื™ื” ื”ืขืžื•ืงื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื—ื“ ืฉื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืคื”, ืืฉืจ ื™ื•ื“ืข ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฉืจืช ื‘ืฆื‘ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืขืœ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืขืœ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”' ืืœื•ืงื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืžืชื ืฉื ื”ืžืชื ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ื”ืื•ืžื” ื”ื–ืืช, ืžื™ ืฉื—ื“ื•ืจ ื‘ื”ื›ืจื” ื”ื–ืืช ืœื ื™ืชืขื™ื™ืฃ, ืœื ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืื•ืฉ, ืœื ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื“ื™ื›ืื•ืŸ ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืžืฆื‘ ืงืฉื”, ื”ื•ื ื™ืžืฉื™ืš ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื”ืžืขื™ื™ืŸ, ื”ืกื•ืœืœื” ื”ื—ืฉืžืœื™ืช ื”ื–ืืช ืžื™ื™ืฆืจืช ืืฆืœื• ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืœืœื ื”ืคืกืงื”, ื•ืœื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื, ื‘ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ืฉืื ื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉื—ืจื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ืฉื–ื›ื™ื ื• ื‘ื—ืกื“ื™ ื”' ืœืื—ืช ื”ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืคืœืื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืชื•ืš ื–ืžืŸ ืงืฆืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฆื‘ื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื›ื ื™ืข ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืจืฉืขื™ื ื›ื•ืœื, ื•ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื, ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืืœื ืฉื”ื˜ื™ื™ืกื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืชืคืกื• ืื•ืชื ืขืœ ื—ื ื‘ืขื•ื“ื ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ืืจื•ื—ืช ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื•ื—ื™ืกืœื• ืืช ื—ื™ืœ ื”ืื•ื™ืจ ืฉืœื”ื.

ื‘ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ื‘ื’ื‘ื•ืจื”, ืงื“ื™ืžื”!
ืื ื›ืŸ, ื–ื›ื™ื ื• ืœื™ืฉื•ืขื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืœื ื• ื—ื‘ืœื™ ืืจืฅ ืืฉืจ ืžืื– ื’ืœื™ื ื• ืžืืจืฆื ื• ื˜ืจื ื—ื–ืจื• ืืœื™ื ื•, ื•ืœืฆืขืจื™ื ื•, ื™ืฉ ื—ืœืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื›ืœืœ ืื™ื ื• ืžื•ื“ืข ืœื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื”ื•ื“ืื” ื•ื”ื”ืœืœ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื–ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืฉื—ืจื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™, ื”ืžืื‘ืง ืขืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ืžืฉืš, ืืžื ื ื”ืฉืจื™ื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื ื• ืฉื•ืขื˜ ื•ื”ืชื•ืชื—ื™ื ืื™ื ื ืจื•ืขืžื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืœื•ื—ืฆื™ื ื•ื”ืชื‘ื•ืกืชื ื™ื ื”ื‘ื•ื’ื“ื ื™ื ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื ืžืกื™ื™ืขื™ื ืœื”ื, ื•ืžื›ืจืกืžื™ื ื•ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ืŸ ื”ืชื‘ื•ืกืชื ื™ ื‘ืชื•ืš ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื›ืœื™ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืžืกื™ื™ืขื™ื ืœื”ื, ื—ื™ืคื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืจื™ ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื”ื ืขืœ ื”ื˜ืคืฉื•ืช ื”ื–ืืช, ืœืฆืขืจื™ื ื•, ื–ืืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช.

ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืžืจื•ืช ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืœืฉื•ืช, ืœืžืจื•ืช ื›ืœ ื”ืชื‘ื•ืกืชื ื•ืช, ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ื“ืจืš, ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืืช ืฉื—ืจื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืชื•ืฆืื•ืชื™ื” ื•ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืชื™ื”. ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืœืชื’ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืฆืžื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ืฉื‘ื” ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื ื’ืœื” ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืฉื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื–ื”, ื•ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœื•, ืขื ื›ืœ ืื•ืชื ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืื ื–ื” ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื” ืื• ื‘ื”ื’ื ื” ืื• ื‘ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื•ืช, ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืงืฉื•ืจ ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืžื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืชื—ื•ื, ืžื™ ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื–ื” ืžืชื•ืš ืžื•ื˜ื™ื‘ืฆื™ื” ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื›ืจื” ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชืฉืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืชืชื’ืœื” ืขืœื™ื• ื”ืจื•ื—, ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื™ืืžืจ ืœื•. ืืฆืœื ื• ืื™ืŸ ืกืชื ื—ื•ืœ ื’ื ืฆื‘ื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื–ื” ืงื•ื“ืฉ, ื•ื–ื”ื• ืฆื• ื”ืฉืขื” ืœื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืืช ื”ืขื•ืฆืžื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ื•ืœื”ืงืจื™ืŸ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื• ืœืขื ื›ื•ืœื•.

ืื ื›ืŸ, ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ื’ื’ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื”ื•ื“ืื” ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉื–ื›ื™ื ื• ืœืคื ื™ ื—ืžืฉ-ืขืฉืจื” ืฉื ื”, ื“ื™ื™ื ื• ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืขืœ ื–ื” ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืœื”ืกืชืคืง ื‘ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืืœื ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืงื“ื™ืžื”, ืื ื• ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ืฉื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืฆืขื“ ืœืฉื—ืจื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ืžืœื ื•ืœื”ืฉืœื˜ืช ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ืขืœ ื”ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื›ืฆืขื“ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืจื—ื‘ ืžื” ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, ืฉื–ื” ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฆืจื™ืš ืืช ื–ื”, ืœืฉื—ืจืจ ืื•ืชื• ืžื›ืœ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื ื•ื•ืœืช ื•ื”ืชื•ืขื‘ืชื™ืช ืžื” ืฉืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืžืžืจืชืคื™ ื”ื•ืœื™ื•ื•ื“ ื•ืžืžื—ืกื ื™ ืคืจื™ื– - ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื‘ืœ ื•ืฉื˜ื•ื™ื•ืช, ืœืฉื—ืจืจ ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžื”ื, ืœืฉื ื›ืš ืื ื• ืงืจื•ืื™ื. ื•ื™ื•ื ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืžืฉ ืืฆืœื ื• ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื–ื™ื ื•ืง ืœืงืจืืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“. ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืงื•ื™ื ืฉื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื ื‘ืื•ืžื” ื™ืชื’ื‘ืจื• ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืœืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืชื’ืœื•ืช ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืชื™ื ื• ื•ื ื–ื›ื” ื‘ืืžืช ืฉื™ื•ื ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื™ืžืœื ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื”ื’ืœื•ืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื–ื”.

ื›ืฉื ืฉื–ื›ื™ื ื• ืœืื•ืชื ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื ื”ื’ืœื•ื™ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื—ืžืฉ-ืขืฉืจื” ืฉื ื” ื›ืŸ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื™ืจืื ื• ื‘ืฉื—ืจื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืืจืฆื ื• ื›ื•ืœื”, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื ื—ืœืช ื‘ื ื™ ื’ื“ ื•ื‘ื ื™ ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ, ื•ื›ื•ืœืœ ื ื—ืœืช ื ืคืชืœื™ ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ, ื•ื”ื—ื–ืจืช ื ื—ืœืช ื‘ื ื™ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืขื“ ื•ืื“ื™ ืืœ-ืขืจื™ืฉ, ื ื–ื›ื” ืœื›ืœ ื–ื” ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ืื ืจืง ื ืจืฆื”, ื•ื ืกื™ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ืจืฆืœ ืืžืจ ืื ื ืจืฆื” ืื™ืŸ ื–ื• ืื’ื“ื”.


^ 1 ืจืžื—"ืœ.
^ 2 ืจืžื‘"ื ืค"ื• ืžื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื”.
^ 3 ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืขื”"ืช ืคืจืฉืช ืงื•ืจื—.

ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
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