ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ื”ืœื›ื” ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื•ืžื•ืกืจ
  • ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื•
  • ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื•
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
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13 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”

ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืœืขื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืฉืžืช

ืืกืชืจ ื‘ืช ืฉืžื—ื”

ืžืงื•ืจ ื•ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืžืฆื•ื”
ืžืฆื•ืช ืื”ื‘ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ืžืžืฆื•ืช ืขืฉื” "ื•ืื”ื‘ืช ืœืจืขืš ื›ืžื•ืš" [ื•ื™ืงืจื ื™ื˜, ื™ื—]. ื•ืžืžืฆื•ืช ืœื ืชืขืฉื” "ืœื ืชืฉื ื ืืช ืื—ื™ืš ื‘ืœื‘ื‘ืš" [ื•ื™ืงืจื ื™ื˜, ื™ื–]. ื•ืคื™ืจืฉ ืจืฉ"ื™ ืขืœ ื•ืื”ื‘ืช ืœืจืขืš ื›ืžื•ืš. ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืขืงื™ื‘ื ื–ื” ื›ืœืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” (ืชื•"ื›). ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจ ื”ืœืœ ืœืื•ืชื• ื ื›ืจื™ ืฉื‘ื ืœื”ืชื’ื™ื™ืจ ืข"ืž ืฉื™ืœืžื“ ืื•ืชื• ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื•ืœื” ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ืžื“ ืขืœ ืจื’ืœ ืื—ืช, ื“ืขืœืš ืกื ื™ ืœื—ื‘ืจืš ืœื ืชืขื‘ื™ื“ ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื•ืœื” ื•ืื™ื“ืš ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื” ื”ื•ื ื–ื™ืœ ื’ืžื•ืจ [ืฉื‘ืช ื“ืฃ ืœื.].
ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืฉืคืชื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ, ืฉื”ืฉื•ืžืจ ืžืฆื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื• ื™ืฉืžื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉืืจ ืžืฆื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื”ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœืžืงื•ื.
ื•ื”ื›ืœื™ ื™ืงืจ ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื›ืคื™ ื”ื ืจืื” ื”ื’ืจ ื”ื™ื” ื’ืจ ืฆื“ืง ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžื”ืชืœ ื”ืชื•ืœื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉื—ื•ืง ืฉื™ืœืžื“ื• ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ืžื“ ืขืœ ืจื’ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืžืฉ, ืืœื ื•ื“ืื™ ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืžืžืฉ ืฉื™ืขืžื™ื“ ืœื• ื›ืœ ืžืฆื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื™ืกื•ื“ ืื—ื“, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืจื’ืœ ืื—ื“ ืืฉืจ ืขืœื™ื• ื™ืขืžื™ื“ ืœื• ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื‘ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ืฉื›ื—ื” ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ื” ื‘ื’ืจ ืืฉืจ ืœื ืœืžื“ ืžื ืขื•ืจื™ื• ื›ืœื•ื ืžืžืฆื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืžืžื ื• ืฉื™ืžืกื•ืจ ืœื• ื›ืœืœ ืื—ื“ ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ื”ืžืœื™ืฆื” ืืžืจ ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ืขืœ ืจื’ืœ ืื—ื“, ื•ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืœืžืกื•ืจ ืœื• ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื ืืžืจ ืžื”ืจื” ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืงืฆืจ ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื’ื ื›ืŸ ื™ืกื•ื“ ื•ืจื’ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื–ื›ื•ืจ ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ื™ื–ื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ืžืฆื•ืช ื”'.

ื”ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื”
ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ืžืจืŸ ื”ื—ืคืฅ ื—ื™ื™ื: "ื•ืื”ื‘ืช ืœืจืขืš ื›ืžื•ืš", ื›ืฉื ืฉืื•ื”ื‘ ืืชื” ืืช ืขืฆืžืš ืœืžืจื•ืช ื›ืœ ืžื’ืจืขื•ืชื™ืš ื•ืžืขืฉื™ืš, ื•ืžื™ ื›ืžื•ืš ืžื•ื“ืข ืœื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืชื™ืš, ื›ืš ืชืื”ื‘ ืืช ื—ื‘ืจืš ืœืžืจื•ืช ื›ืœ ืžื’ืจืขื•ืชื™ื• ื•ื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืชื™ื•!.. [ืกืคืจ ื—ืคืฅ ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืžืกืคืจ "ืžื•ืขื“ ื›ืœ ื—ื™" ื”ืžืฆื˜ื˜ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืจืฅ ื–ืฆ"ืœ ื‘ื”ืกืคื“ื• ืขืœ ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ื—ืคืฅ ื—ื™ื™ื, ืฉืฉืžืข ื‘ืฉืžื• ืฉืืžืจ ื‘ื›ื ืกื™ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉื ืขืจื›ื” ื‘ื•ื™ื ื” ื‘ืืœื•ืœ ืชืจืค"ื’].

ืขื•ื“ ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื—ืคืฅ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืกืคืจื• "ืฉืžื™ืจืช ื”ืœืฉื•ืŸ" [ืฉืขืจ ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจื” ืกื•ืฃ ืคืจืง ื™ื, ื•ืฆื•ื˜ื˜ ื’ื ื‘ืกืคืจ ื—ืคืฅ ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”] ืฉื ื™ื ื• ื‘ื’ืžืจื (ืชืขื ื™ืช ื›ื‘.) ืฉืืœื™ื”ื• ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ื”ืชื’ืœื” ืœืจื‘ื™ ื‘ืจื•ืงื ื—ื•ื–ืื” ื‘ืฉื•ืง ืฉืœ ืœืคื˜. ืฉืืœื• ืจื‘ื™ ื‘ืจื•ืงื: ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื–ื” ื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื, [ืื“ื ื”ืžื–ื•ืžืŸ ืœื—ื™ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื]. ืืžืจ ืœื•: ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ืื“ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื. ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืฉื ื™ื, ื•ืืžืจ ืœื• ืืœื™ื”ื• ื”ื ื‘ื™ื: ืืœื• ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื ื”ื. ื”ืœืš ืืฆืœื ื•ืฉืืœ ืžื” ืžืขืฉื™ื”ื. ืืžืจื• ืœื•: ืื™ื ืฉื™ ื‘ื“ื™ื—ื™ ืื ืŸ, ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžื—ื™ื ื•ืžืฉืžื—ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื. ื›ืฉืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืื“ื ืขืฆื•ื‘ ืื ื• ืžืฉืžื—ื™ื ืื•ืชื•, ื•ื›ืฉืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืฉื›ื™ื ื™ื ืื ื• ืฉืœื•ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื.
ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืžื’ื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ื•ื”ื‘ืืช ืฉืœื•ื ืžืฆื•ื” ื”ื™ื. ืืš ืžื” ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ืœืฉืžื— ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื. ื‘ืจื, ืžืฆื•ื” ืจื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ืœื”ืคื™ื’ ืฆืขืจื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืžืฆื•ืช "ื•ืื”ื‘ืช ืœืจืขืš ื›ืžื•ืš" ื”ื™ื. ื•ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื‘ื›ืš ื ื—ืช ืจื•ื— ืœืื‘ื™ื ื• ืฉื‘ืฉืžื™ื, ืžืฉืœ ืœืื“ื ืฉื‘ื ื• ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจ ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืื—ืจืช ื•ื ื•ื“ืข ืœื• ืฉืืคืคื•ื”ื• ืฆืจื•ืช ื•ืฉื•ืงืข ื”ื•ื ื‘ืฆืขืจ ื•ื™ื’ื•ืŸ. ื•ื“ืื™ ื™ืฉืžื— ื”ืื‘ ืื ื™ืžืฆื ืฉื ืื“ื ืฉื™ืคื›ื— ืฆืขืจ ื‘ื ื•, ื™ื—ื–ืง ืœื‘ื• ื•ื™ืขื•ื“ื“ื• ื•ืืฃ ื™ืฉืžื—ื• ื•ื™ืฆื”ื™ืœ ืคื ื™ื•. ื•ื”ืจื™ ื‘ื ื™ื ืื ื• ืœื”' ืืœื•ืงื™ื ื• ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืฆืจืชื ื• ืœื• ืฆืจ, ื•ืฉืžื— ื”ื•ื ื‘ืฉืžื—ืชื ื• ื•ื‘ืฉืžื—ื ื• ืืช ื‘ื ื™ื• ืื”ื•ื‘ื™ื•.

ื‘"ืžื›ืชื‘ ืžืืœื™ื”ื•" [ื—ืœืง ื’ ืขืžื•ื“ 88] ืžื‘ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ ื“ืกืœืจ ื–ืฆ"ืœ ืฉืœืฉื” ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื™ื ืขืžื•ืงื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ืช "ื•ืื”ื‘ืช ืœืจืขืš ื›ืžื•ืš".
ื. ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ, ืฉื™ื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ื”ืงื ืื” ืžืœื‘ื• ื•ื™ืจืฆื” ืฉืชื”ื™ื™ื ื” ืœื—ื‘ืจื• ื›ืœ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืฆืžื•.
ื‘. ืฉื™ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื—ื‘ืจื• ื›ื’ื•ืคื• ืžืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื–ื“ื”ื•ืช ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ื‘ืœื‘ ื•ื‘ืจื’ืฉ, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื’ื•ืฃ ืื—ื“ ื”ืŸ.
ื’. ืื”ื‘ืช ืื“ื ื”ื‘ืื” ื“ืจืš ื”ื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ื‘ืงื‘"ื”, ืฉื™ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ื›ืœืคื™ ืจืขื”ื• ืฉื”ืจื™ ื‘ืจืื• ื”ืฉื™"ืช ื‘ื“ืžื•ืชื•.

ืืช ืžื™ ืžืฆื•ื” ืœืื”ื•ื‘ ื•ืืช ืžื™ ืžืฆื•ื” ืœืฉื ื•ื
ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืžืœืš ืข"ื” ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืคืจืง ืงืœื˜ ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื›ื, ื›ื‘. "ื”ืœื ืžืฉื ืื™ืš ื”' ืืฉื ื ื•ื‘ืชืงื•ืžืžื™ืš ืืชืงื•ื˜ื˜, ืชื›ืœื™ืช ืฉื ืื” ืฉื ืืชื™ื ืœืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืœื™". ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืืœื• ืžืงืจื™ื ื™ืฉ ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ืขืœ ืคื™ "ื•ืื”ื‘ืช" ื•"ืœื ืชืฉื ื", ื•ื‘ืืœื• ืžืงืจื™ื ืขืœ ืคื™ "ื”ืœื ืžืฉื ืื™ืš ื”' ืืฉื ื"?

ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืฉื” ื“ื”ื’ืž' ื‘ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ื“ืฃ ืžื”. ื•ื“ืฃ ื ื‘.: ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ ืžื™ืชื•ืช ื‘"ื“, ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ืž"ื•ืื”ื‘ืช ืœืจืขืš ื›ืžื•ืš" ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืœื• ืžื™ืชื” ื™ืคื”. ื•ืžืคืจืฉ ื”ื™ื“ ืจืžื” ืขืœ ื“ืฃ ื ื‘: ื“"ื” ื•ืžืงืฉื™ื ืŸ, ื“ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื›ื ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืจืขืš ืžืฉืžืข ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืจืฉืข ืฉื ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืžื™ืชื” ืืชื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื—ื–ืจ ืื—ืจ ื–ื›ื•ืชื• ืœื‘ืจื•ืจ ืœื• ืžื™ืชื” ื™ืคื”, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœืคืจืฉ ื•ืื”ื‘ืช ืœืจืขืš ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืจืขื™ื ืฉื‘ืš ืฉื ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื• ืžื™ืชื” ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืœื”ื ืžื™ืชื” ื™ืคื”. ื”ื™ื•ืฆื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉืžืฆื•ืช "ื•ืื”ื‘ืช" ื—ืœื” ืืคื™ืœื• ืขืœ ืจืฉืขื™ื ื"ื› ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ืžื™ ื ืืžืจ "ืชื›ืœื™ืช ืฉื ืื” ืฉื ืืชื™ื"?!

ื•ื”ื ื” ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงืฉื•ืช ื“ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืžืจื ื‘ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืฉืžืฆื•ืช "ื•ืื”ื‘ืช" ื—ืœื” ื’ื ื‘ืจืฉืขื™ื, ืกื•ืชืจื™ืŸ ื’ืžืจื ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช ื‘ืคืกื—ื™ื ื“ืฃ ืงื™ื’: ืฉืžืฆื•ื” ืœืฉื ืืช ืจืฉืข, ื“ืื™ืชื ืฉื: ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ืจ ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืืžืจ ืจื‘ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืฉื ืืชื•, ืฉื ืืžืจ "ื›ื™ ืชืจืื” ื—ืžื•ืจ ืฉื ืืš ืจื•ื‘ืฅ ืชื—ืช ืžืฉืื•", ืžืื™ ืฉื•ื ื, ืื™ืœื™ืžื ืฉื•ื ื ื ื›ืจื™, ื•ื”ื ืชื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื ืฉืืžืจื• ืฉื•ื ื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœื ืฉื•ื ื ื ื›ืจื™, ืืœื ืคืฉื™ื˜ื ืฉื•ื ื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ืžื™ ืฉืจื™ ืœืžืกื ื™ื” ื•ื”ื ื›ืชื™ื‘ "ืœื ืชืฉื ื ืืช ืื—ื™ืš ื‘ืœื‘ื‘ืš" ื•ื›ื•', ืืœื ืœืื• ื›ื™ ื”ืื™ ื’ื•ื•ื ื ื“ื—ื–ื™ื” ื‘ื™ื” ืื™ื”ื• ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืจื•ื”. ืจื‘ ื ื—ืžืŸ ื‘ืจ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืืžืจ ืžืฆื•ื” ืœืฉื ืืชื• ืฉื ืืžืจ "ื™ืจืืช ื”' ืฉื ืืช ืจืข".

ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื•ืžืจ ื“ื”ื’ืž' ื‘ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืจื™ ื“ื•ืงื ื‘ืจืฉืขื™ื ืฉื ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื• ืžื™ืชื”, ืฉืžืฉืขื” ืฉื ืขืฉื” ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื™ ืจืฉืขื™ื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืžื™ืชืชื ื›ืคืจืชื, ื“ื›"ื› ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืžืงื•ื‘ืฆืช ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœื–: ื“"ื” ื•ืื”ื‘ืช, ืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืž"ื”, ื•ืืœ ืชืชืžื” ืื ืงืจื ืื•ืชื• ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืจื™ืข, ื“ืจื™ืข ืื”ื•ื‘ ื ืžื™ ืžืงืจื™ ื›ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื•ื ืงืœื” ืื—ื™ืš ืœืขื™ื ื™ืš ืื—ืจ ืฉื ืงืœื” ื ืงืจื ืื—ื™ืš, ื•ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ื ืžื™ ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉื•ื—ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ืฉืจ ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ืš ืœื—ื™ืชื• ืืจืฅ, ื•ื›ื™ ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื•ื”ืœื ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืกื•ืกื™ื ืžื™ื•ื–ื ื™ื ื•ื’ื•' ืืœื ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื”ื ื“ื™ืŸ ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื ื”ื™ื•.

ื‘ืื‘ื•ืช ื“ืจื‘ื™ ื ืชืŸ [ืคืจืง ื˜ื– ืžืฉื ื” ื”] ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ืืช ืžื™ ื™ืฉ ืœืื”ื•ื‘ ื•ืืช ืžื™ ืœืฉื ื•ื: ื•ืฉื ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื ื™ื›ื•ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืื”ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื•ืฉื ื•ื ืืช ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื, ืื”ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื•ืฉื ื•ื ืืช ืขืžื™ ื”ืืจืฅ, ืืœื ืื”ื•ื‘ ืืช ื›ื•ืœื ื•ืฉื ื•ื ืืช ื”ืืคื™ืงื•ืจืกื™ืŸ ื•ื”ืžืกื™ืชื™ื ื•ื”ืžื“ื™ื—ื™ืŸ ื•ื”ืžืกื•ืจื•ืช, ื•ื›ืŸ ื“ื•ื“ ืืžืจ (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืงืœื˜) ื”ืœื ืžืฉื ืื™ืš ื”' ืืฉื ื ื•ื‘ืชืงื•ืžืžื™ืš ืืชืงื•ื˜ื˜ ืชื›ืœื™ืช ืฉื ืื” ืฉื ืืชื™ื ืœืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืœื™, ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื™ื˜) ื•ืื”ื‘ืช ืœืจืขืš ื›ืžื•ืš ืื ื™ ื”', ืžื” ื˜ืขื ื›ื™ ืื ื™ ื‘ืจืืชื™ื• ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ื™, ืื ืขื•ืฉื” ืžืขืฉื” ืขืžืš ืืชื” ืื•ื”ื‘ื• ื•ืื ืœืื• ืื™ ืืชื” ืื•ื”ื‘ื•.
ื•ื‘ื™ืืจ ื”ื—ืคืฅ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืงื•ื ื˜ืจืก ืื”ื‘ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืคืจืง ื', ื“ืžื™ืŸ ื ืงืจื ื”ื›ื•ืคืจ ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ื”ืฉื ื•ื‘ื”ืฉื’ื—ืชื•.

ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืžืฉื ื™ื•ืช [ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืคืจืง ื™' ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืฉืœืฉื” ืขืฉืจ ืžืŸ ื”ื™"ื’ ืขื™ืงืจื™ื] ื›ืชื‘, ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืืžื™ืŸ ื”ืื“ื ืืœื” ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื›ื•ืœื ื•ื ืชื‘ืจืจ ื‘ื” ืืžื•ื ืชื• ื‘ื”ื, ื”ื•ื ื ื›ื ืก ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืžืฆื•ื” ืœืื”ื‘ื• ื•ืœืจื—ื ืขืœื™ื• ื•ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ืขืžื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืฆื•ื” ื”ืฉ"ื™ ืื™ืฉ ืœื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ืžืŸ ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืื—ื•ื”, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืขืฉื” ืžื” ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืžืŸ ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืžื—ืžืช ื”ืชืื•ื” ื•ื”ืชื’ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ื’ืจื•ืข ื”ื•ื ื ืขื ืฉ ื›ืคื™ ื—ื˜ืื™ื•, ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื—ืœืง ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืคื•ืฉืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื›ืฉื ืชืงืœืงืœ ืœืื“ื ื™ืกื•ื“ ืžืืœื” ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืจื™ ื™ืฆื ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœ ื•ื›ืคืจ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื•ื ืงืจื ืžื™ืŸ ื•ืืคื™ืงื•ืจื•ืก ื•ืงื•ืฆืฅ ื‘ื ื˜ื™ืขื•ืช, ื•ืžืฆื•ื” ืœืฉื•ื ืื• ื•ืœืื‘ื“ื• ื•ืขืœื™ื• ื ืืžืจ (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืงืœื˜) ื”ืœื ืžืฉื ืืš ื”' ืืฉื ื.

ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื“ืขื•ืช [ืคืจืง ื• ื”ืœื›ื” ื’] ืžืฆื•ื” ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืื“ื ืœืื”ื•ื‘ ืืช ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ื’ื•ืคื• ืฉื ืืžืจ ื•ืื”ื‘ืช ืœืจืขืš ื›ืžื•ืš, ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืกืคืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ื—ื• ื•ืœื—ื•ืก ืขืœ ืžืžื•ื ื• ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ื—ืก ืขืœ ืžืžื•ืŸ ืขืฆืžื• ื•ืจื•ืฆื” ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืขืฆืžื•, ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื”ืžืชื›ื‘ื“ ื‘ืงืœื•ืŸ ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื—ืœืง ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื.
ื•ื”ื•ื‘ืื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ืœืœื• ืœื”ืœื›ื” ื‘ืžื’"ื ืกื™ืžืŸ ืงื ื• ืก"ืง ื‘ ื•ื‘ืž"ื‘ ืฉื ืก"ืง ื“.
ื•ืขื•ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ื”ืžื’"ื ื•ื”ืž"ื‘ ืœื”ืœื›ื” ืืช ื”ื’ืžืจื ื‘ืคืกื—ื™ื ื“ืžืฆื•ืช ื•ืื”ื‘ืช ืœืจืขืš ื›ืžื•ืš ื”ื™ื ื“ื•ืงื ื‘ืจืขืš ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžืฆื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืื“ื ืจืฉืข ืฉืจืื” ืื•ืชื• ืฉืขื‘ืจ ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกืžืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœื ืงื‘ืœ ืชื•ื›ื—ื” ืžืฆื•ื” ืœืฉื ืืชื•.

ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืจืฉืข ืฉืžืฆื•ื” ืœืฉื ืืชื•
ืื ื”ืฉื ืื” ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœืช ืœืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืฉืขื‘ืจ ืื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืฉื ืืชื• ืฉื ืื” ื’ืžื•ืจื”
ื”ืชื•ืก' ื‘ืคืกื—ื™ื ื“ืฃ ืงื™ื’: ื“"ื” ืฉืจืื” ื‘ื• ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืจื•ื”, ื›ืชื‘ื•: ื•ืื ืชืืžืจ ื“ื‘ืืœื• ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช (ื‘"ืž ื“ืฃ ืœื‘: ื•ืฉื) ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืœืคืจื•ืง ื•ืฉื•ื ื ืœื˜ืขื•ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื” ื‘ืฉื•ื ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื›ื•ืฃ ืืช ื™ืฆืจื•, ื•ื”ืฉืชื ืžื” ื›ืคื™ื™ืช ื™ืฆืจ ืฉื™ื™ืš ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืžืฆื•ื” ืœืฉื ืืชื• ื•ื™"ืœ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื ืื• ื’ื ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ืฉื•ื ื ืื•ืชื• ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ืžืฉืœื™ ื›ื–) ื›ืžื™ื ื”ืคื ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ื ื›ืŸ ืœื‘ ื”ืื“ื ืœืื“ื ื•ื‘ืื™ืŸ ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืœื™ื“ื™ ืฉื ืื” ื’ืžื•ืจื” ื•ืฉื™ื™ืš ื›ืคื™ื™ืช ื™ืฆืจ. ื•ื›ืŸ ื“ืขืช ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื”ืจ"ืค ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืžืงื•ื‘ืฆืช ื‘"ืž ืœื’.
ื•ื‘ื™ืืจ ื”ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ [ืกื™ืžืŸ ืงื ื•] ืืช ืกื‘ืจืช ื”ืชื•ืก', ืคื™' ืฉื‘ืื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ืฉื ืื” ื’ืžื•ืจื”, ืฉืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ืฉื ืื” ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืฉื ืื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืข"ื™ ืฉืขื‘ืจ ืขื‘ื™ืจื”, ื’ื ืชื—ืœื” ืืœื• ื”ื™ื” ืฉื‘ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื” ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืžืฉื ืืชื•, ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื›ืฉื‘ืื• ืœื™ื“ื™ ืฉื ืื” ื’ืžื•ืจื” ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ืฉื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืชืฉืืจ ื”ืฉื ืื” ื‘ืœื‘ื•, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืฉื™ื™ืš ืฉืคื™ืจ ื›ืคื™ื™ืช ื™ืฆืจ.
ืžืฉืžืข ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ืฉืœื“ืขืชื ื”ื”ื™ืชืจ ื•ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ืœืฉื ืืชื• ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ ืœืฉื ืื” ืขืœ ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืฉืขื‘ืจ ื•ืืกื•ืจ ืœืฉื ืื• ืฉื ืื” ื’ืžื•ืจื”.

ืื•ืœื ื”ืชื•ืก' ื‘ื‘ื‘ื ืžืฆื™ืขื ื“ืฃ ืœื‘: ื“"ื” ืœื›ื•ืฃ ื™ืฆืจื•, ื›ืชื‘ื•: ื•ื"ืช ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ืขืจื‘ื™ ืคืกื—ื™ื ืžื•ืงื™ ืœื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืžื•ืชืจ ืœืฉื ืื•ืชื• ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉืจืื” ื‘ื• ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืจื•ื”, ืžื” ืฉื™ื™ืš ื‘ื• ืœื›ื•ืฃ ื™ืฆืจื• ื•ื™"ืœ ื“ืœื ืžื™ื™ืจื™ ื‘ืฉื•ื ื ื“ืงืจื.
ื•ื›"ื› ื”ื ืžื•ืงื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ]ื‘ื“ืฃ ื™ื–: ืžื“ืคื™ ื”ืจื™"ืฃ ื“"ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื›ื•ืฃ ืืช ื™ืฆืจื•[ ื‘ืฉื ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ื–"ืœ, ื“ืœืื• ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื•ื ื ื“ืงืจื ื“ื”ื ืื•ืงื™ืžื ืŸ ื‘ืคืจืง ืขืจื‘ื™ ืคืกื—ื™ื (ื“ืฃ ืงื™ื’:) ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื“ื—ื–ื ื‘ื™ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืจื•ื” ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ ื“ืžืฆื•ื” ืœืฉื ืืชื• ื•ืœืžื” ื™ื›ื•ืฃ ืืช ื™ืฆืจื•, ืืœื ื”ื›ื ื‘ืฉื•ื ื ื“ืขืœืžื ืขืกืงื™ื ืŸ ื“ืขื‘ื™ื“ ื‘ื™ื” ืื™ืกื•ืจื ื›ื™ ืกื ื™ ืœื™ื”. ื•ืžื•ื‘ื ื’ื ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ืž"ืง ืฉื.
ื•ื›ืŸ ื“ืขืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš [ืžืฆื•ื” ืค], ื“ื”ืคื•ื’ืข ื‘ืื•ื”ื‘ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ืฉื•ื ืื•, ืžืฆื•ื” ื‘ืฉื•ื ื ืœื›ื•ืฃ ื”ื™ืฆืจ, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืื•ื”ื‘ ืœืคืจื•ืง ื•ืฉื•ื ื ืœื˜ืขื•ืŸ, ื•ืฉื•ื ื ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ืฉื–ื›ืจื ื• ืžื—ืžืช ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืืœื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื‘ื• ืฉืœื ืขืžื•.
ื•ื‘ื”ื’ื”ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืœืžืœืš ืขืœ ืกืคืจ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื‘ื™ืืจ ื˜ืขืžื• ื“ื‘ืฉื•ื ื ื“ืงืจื ืœื ืฉื™ื™ืš ื›ืคื™ื™ืช ื™ืฆืจ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืฆื•ื” ืœืฉื ืืชื•.

ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืก' ื‘ื‘"ืž, ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ื•ืกืคืจ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš, ืฉื”ื ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืก' ื‘ืคืกื—ื™ื, ื•ืœื“ืขืชื ืฉื ืืช ื”ืจืฉืข ืฉืจืื” ื‘ื• ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืจื•ื” ืื™ื ื” ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœืช ืœืฉื ืื” ืขืœ ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืฉืขื‘ืจ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืืœื ืžื•ืชืจ ื•ืืฃ ืžืฆื•ื” ืœืฉื ืืชื• ืฉื ืื” ื’ืžื•ืจื” [ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉืื ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœืžื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ืกื™ืจ ื›ืœ ืฉื ืื” ืžืœื‘ื•] ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืชืจืฆื• ืฉื”ื’ืžืจื ื‘ื‘"ืž ืื™ื™ืจื™ ื‘ืฉื•ื ื ืฉื ืื” ืืกื•ืจื”, ื•ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ืคื•ืกืง ื”ืจืž"ื ื‘ื—ื•"ืž ืกื™ืžืŸ ืขืจื‘ ืกืขื™ืฃ ื™. ื“ื”ื ื“ืžืฆื•ื” ืœื˜ืขื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืฉื•ื ื ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื›ื•ืฃ ืืช ื™ืฆืจื•, ื–ื” ื“ื•ืงื ื‘ืฉื•ื ื ื“ืขืœืžื ื“ืœื ืขื‘ื“ ืื™ืกื•ืจื, ืื‘ืœ ืื ืขื‘ื™ื“ ืื™ืกื•ืจื ื•ืฉื•ื ืื• ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืขื‘ืจ ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ื"ืฆ ืœื˜ืขื•ืŸ ืขืžื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื›ื•ืฃ ื™ืฆืจื• ื“ื”ื ื™ืคื” ืขื•ืฉื” ืฉืฉื•ื ืื•.

ื“ื™ืŸ ืจืฉืขื™ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•
ื”"ืžืฉืš ื—ื›ืžื”" ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื›ื™ ืชืฆื [ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ื‘,ื“] ืขืœ ื”ืคืกื•ืง "ืœื ืชืจืื” ืืช ื—ืžื•ืจ ืื—ื™ืš ืื• ืฉื•ืจื• ื ื•ืคืœื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื•ื”ืชืขืœืžืช ืžื”ื ื”ืงื ืชืงื™ื ืขืžื•" ื›ืชื‘ ื•ื–"ืœ: ื•ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ื›ืชื•ื‘ "ืื•ื™ื‘ืš" ืžืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืขืจื‘ื™ ืคืกื—ื™ื ืืžืจ ืžื™ ืฉืจื™ ืœืฉื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ื ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืœื ืชืฉื ื ืืช ืื—ื™ืš ื‘ืœื‘ื‘ืš, ื•ืžื•ืงื™ ื‘ืจืื” ื‘ื• ืฉืขื‘ืจ ืขื‘ื™ืจื”, ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืงื•ื“ื ื”ืขื’ืœ ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื• ื›ื•ืœื ืžืžืœื›ืช ื’ื•ื™ ืงื“ื•ืฉ, ืื– ื”ื•ื™ ืฉืจื™ ืœืฉื ื•ื™ื™ ืื ืจืื” ื‘ื• ืขื‘ื™ืจื”, ืœื ื›ืŸ ืื—ืจื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืกื•ืช ืืฉืจ ื ื›ืฉืœื• ื‘ืขื•ื ื•ืช, ืื ื™ืจืื” ืื“ื ื‘ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ื—ื˜ื ืื ื™ืคืฉืคืฉ ื‘ืžืขืฉื™ื• ื™ืžืฆื ื›ืžื” ืžื›ืฉื•ืœื™ื ื•ืคืงืคื•ืงื™ื, ื–ื” ื‘ืคืจื˜ ื–ื” ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืคืจื˜ ื–ื”, ืœื›ืŸ ืืกื•ืจ ืœืฉื ื•ื ืื™ืฉ ื›ื–ื”, ืจืง ืžื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ืกืจ ืžืจืข ื•ืฆื“ื™ืง ืชืžื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื•, ืื‘ืœ ืงืฉื” ืœืžืฆื ื›ืžื•ืชื•, ื•ืข"ื– ืืžืจื• ืจืื™ืชื™ ื‘ื ื™ ืขืœื™ื” ื•ื”ืžื” ืžื•ืขื˜ื™ื [ืกื•ื›ื” ื“ืฃ ืžื”:] ,ืœื›ืŸ ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืื—ื™ืš.

ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ืขืจื›ื™ืŸ ื“ืฃ ื˜ื–: ืื™ืชื: ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืืœืขื–ืจ ื‘ืŸ ืขื–ืจื™ื” ืชืžื™ื”ื ื™ ืื ื™ืฉ ื‘ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืฉื™ื•ื“ืข ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื—, ื•ืคื™ืจืฉ ืจืฉ"ื™ ืฉื™ื•ื“ืข ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ื“ืจืš ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื• ืคื ื™ื• ืžืฉืชื ื™ืŸ.

ืžืจืŸ ื”ื—ืคืฅ ื—ื™ื™ื ืžื‘ื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืกืคืจื• "ืื”ื‘ืช ื—ืกื“" ืžืืžืจ ืžืจื’ื ื™ืชื ื˜ื‘ื ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื ืชืŸ ื•ื•ืืœื™ื ืขืจ ื–ืฆ"ืœ, ื•ืฉื ื‘ืื•ืช ื™ื– ื›ืชื‘: ืœื”ืฉืชื“ืœ ื‘ื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื—ื‘ืจื•, ื•ืœืจื“ื•ืฃ ืื—ืจ ื”ืฉืœื•ื, ื•ืœื”ื–ื”ืจ ืžืœืื• ื“"ืœื ืชืฉื ื" (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื™ื˜, ื™ื–). ื•ืืฃ ื‘ืจืฉืข ื’ืžื•ืจ ื™ืฉ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœื“ืขืช ืžื”ืจ"ืž ืžืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืŸ (ืกื™ืžืŸ ื™ื’) ืœืฉื ืืชื• ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœื ื”ื•ื›ื™ื—ื•, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืžื™ ืฉื™ื•ื“ืข ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื—, ืฉืžื ืื ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืžื•ื›ื™ื— ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื‘ืœ, ื•ื˜ื‘ืขื• ื”ืจืข ื’ืจื ืœื•, ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจื• (ืื‘ื•ืช ืคืจืง ื‘ ืžืฉื ื” ื“) ื•ืืœ ืชื“ื™ืŸ ืืช ื—ื‘ืจืš ืขื“ ืฉืชื’ื™ืข ืœืžืงื•ืžื•, ื•ื›ืœ ืฉื›ืŸ ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœืงืœืœื•, ืจืง ื™ื‘ืงืฉ ืจื—ืžื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ืฉื™ืขื–ืจื”ื• ื”ืฉื ืขืœ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœืžื”.

ื•ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”"ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืื™ืฉ" ืฉื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืจืฉืขื™ื ื›ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ืฉื ืฉื‘ื•, ื“ื‘ื™ื•"ื“ ืกื•ืฃ ืกื™ืžืŸ ื‘ ืื•ืช ื›ื—. ื“ืŸ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืžืจ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื–ื•ืงืง ืœื™ื‘ื•ื ืœื“ืขืช ื”ื’ืื•ื ื™ื. ื•ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืฉื›ืœ ืื•ืชื• ืฉื“ื™ื ื• ื›ืžื™ืŸ ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื—ื™ื˜ื” ืื™ื ื• ื–ื•ืงืง ืœื™ื‘ื•ื, ืืœื ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ื›ืžื” ืชื ืื™ื ื•ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื ื•ืก. ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ืค"ื’ ืžื”ืœ' ืžืžืจื™ื ื”"ื’. ื“ื‘ื ื™ื”ื ื•ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื”ื [ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื•ืคืจื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ ืคื” ื›ืฆื“ื•ืง ื•ื‘ื™ื™ืชื•ืก ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืขื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื•] ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื™ ื›ืื ื•ืกื™ื ื•ื›ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืฉื ืฉื‘ื”, ื•ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืฉื ืฉื‘ื” ืžื‘ื™ื ืงืจื‘ืŸ ื›ื“ืืžืจ ืจ"ืค ื›ืœืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื•ืžืฆื•ื•ื™ืŸ ืื ื• ืœื”ื—ื™ื•ืชื• ื•ืืฃ ืœื—ืœืœ ืขืœื™ื• ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ืฆืœืชื•, ื•ื‘ื”ื’ื”ื•ืช ืžื™ื™ืžื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืค"ื• ืžื”ืœ' ื“ืขื•ืช ื›ืชื‘ ื“ืื™ืŸ ืจืฉืื™ืŸ ืœืฉื ืืชื• ืืœื ืื—ืจ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœ ืชื•ื›ื—ื”. ื•ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืกืคืจ "ืื”ื‘ืช ื—ืกื“", ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืฉื ื”ื’ืจ"ื™ ืžื•ืœื™ืŸ, ื“ืžืฆื•ื” ืœืื”ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืจืฉืขื™ื ืžื”ืื™ ื˜ืขืžื, ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื›ืŸ ืžืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ืžื”ืจ"ืž ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืืฆืœื ื• ื”ื•ื ืงื“ื ืชื•ื›ื—ื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ืŸ ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื—, ื•ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ืŸ ืœื”ื• ื›ืื ื•ืกื™ืŸ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื• ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื–ื” ืœืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืŸ ื”ื™ื‘ื•ื ื•ื›ืŸ ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืืจ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช. [ื•ื”ื•ื‘ืื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื• ื’ื ื‘ื—ื–ื•"ื ืขืœ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืค"ื• ืžื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืœื›ื” ื’, ื•ืข"ืข ื‘ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื‘ื™ื•"ื“ ืกื™ืžืŸ ื‘ ืื•ืช ื˜ื–, ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืจื™ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืœื ืžืขืœื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ืžื ื ื•].

ื•ืœืคื™ ื–ื” ื™ื•ืฆื ืฉื”ื›ืœืœ ื”ื•ื ืฉื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ืžืฆื•ืช ืื”ื‘ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืืช "ื•ืื”ื‘ืช ืœืจืขืš ื›ืžื•ืš" ื•"ืœื ืชืฉื ื ืืช ืื—ื™ืš ื‘ืœื‘ื‘ืš" ื—ืœื” ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืื™ืฉ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื, ืœืžืขื˜ ืื•ืชื ื”ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœ ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืœื›ื” ืกื™ืžืŸ ื, ื“"ื” ื•ืœื ื™ืชื‘ื™ื™ืฉ, ืฉืื ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืืคื™ืงื•ืจืกื™ื ื”ืžืชืงื•ืžืžื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืื™ื–ื” ืชืงื ื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื•ืขื™"ื– ื™ืขื‘ื™ืจื• ืืช ื”ืขื ืžืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”' ื•ืคืชื— ื‘ืฉืœื•ื ื•ืœื ื ืฉืžืขื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, ื‘ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืœื ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื‘"ื™ ืžืื•ืžื” ื•ืžืฆื•ื” ืœืฉื ืืชื ื•ืœื”ืชืงื•ื˜ื˜ ืขืžื”ื ื•ืœื”ืคืจ ืขืฆืชื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ, ื•ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืžืœืš ืขืœื™ื• ื”ืฉืœื•ื ืืžืจ ื”ืœื ืžืฉื ืื™ืš ื“' ืืฉื ื ื•ื‘ืชืงื•ืžืžื™ืš ืืชืงื•ื˜ื˜ ืชื›ืœื™ืช ืฉื ืื” ืฉื ืืชื™ื ื•ื’ื•'.

ืฉื ืืช ืจืฉืขื™ื ืขืœ ืคื™ ืชื•ืจืช ื”ืžื•ืกืจ
ื–ื›ื•ืจื ื™ ืฉืฉืžืขืชื™ ื‘ืฉื ืื—ื“ ืžื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื•ืกืจ ื‘ื“ื•ืจื ื•, ืฉื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืžื” ื”ื™ื ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืžื™ืชืชื• ื”ื˜ืจื’ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืจืฉืข ืžืคื•ืจืกื, ืฉืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ื™ืฉ ืœืฉืžื•ื— ืฉืื•ืชื• ืจืฉืข ื”ืกืชืœืง ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ืžืขืฉื™ื• ื”ืจืขื™ื ืœื—ื˜ื•ื ื•ืœื”ื—ื˜ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ืื•ืœื ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ื•ืฉื ื‘ืขื•ืœ ืขื ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ื•ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ืฆืขืจ ืื•ืชื” ื ืฉืžื” ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉื”ื•ืœื›ืช ืœืื‘ื“ื•ืŸ ืจื—"ืœ.

ื•ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืžื•ื ื— ื‘ืชื•ืก' ื‘ืคืกื—ื™ื ื“ืฉื ืืช ื”ืจืฉืข ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœืช ืœืฉื ืื” ืขืœ ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืฉืขื‘ืจ ื•ืืกื•ืจ ืœืฉื ืื• ืฉื ืื” ื’ืžื•ืจื”. ื•ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื–ื” ื›ืชื‘ื• ื”"ืžื›ืชื‘ ืžืืœื™ื”ื•" [ื—"ื” ืขืžื•ื“ 70], ื•ื‘"ืžืฉื ืช ืจื‘ื™ ืื”ืจืŸ" [ืžืืžืจื™ื, ื—"ื‘ ืขืžื•ื“ ืคื’] ื‘ื”ืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืก' ื‘ืคืกื—ื™ื, ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืžื™ ืฉืžืฆื•ื” ืœืฉื ืืชื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื™ื–ื”ืจ ืฉืœื ืชื‘ื ืฉื ืืชื• ืœื™ื“ื™ ืฉื ืื” ื’ืžื•ืจื” ืฉืื™ื ื” ืœืฉื ืฉืžื™ื ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืžื™ืฆืจื• ื”ืจืข.

ืืžื ื ืข"ืค ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ื ื•, ืœื”ืœื›ื” ื ืคืกืง ื›ื“ืขืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืžื•ืชืจ ื•ืžืฆื•ื” ืœืฉื ืืชื• ืฉื ืื” ื’ืžื•ืจื”, ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ืื™ื ื• ืžืฆื“ ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ืืœื ืžืฆื“ ื”ืžื•ืกืจ, ืฉื’ื ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืžื•ืชืจ ืœืฉื ื•ื ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ื–ื”ืจ ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ื™ืฉืคื™ืข ืœืจืขื” ืขืœ ืžื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื•, ืืœื ื™ื•ื•ื“ื ืฉืฉื ืืชื• ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืžื“ืื’ื” ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ืœืฉื ืฉืžื™ื ืœื ืชืคืชื— ื—ืœื™ืœื” ื™ืฆืจื™ื ืืคืœื™ื ื•ืžื“ื•ืช ืจืขื•ืช.

ื‘ืกืคืจ "ืชื•ืžืจ ื“ื‘ื•ืจื”" [ืœืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ ืจื‘ื™ ืžืฉื” ืงื•ืจื“ื•ื‘ื™ืจื• ื–ืฆ"ืœ] ืคืจืง ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืžื“ื” ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช, "ืœื ื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ืœืขื“ ืืคื•" ื•ื–ื• ืžื“ื” ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœื”ืชื ื”ื’ ื‘ื” ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื•, ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืจืฉืื™ ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ื‘ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืืช ื—ื‘ืจื• ืื• ืืช ื‘ื ื™ื• ื•ื”ื ืžืชื™ืกืจื™ื, ืœื ืžืคื ื™ ื–ื” ื™ืจื‘ื” ืชื•ื›ื—ืชื•, ื•ืœื ื™ื—ื–ื™ืง ื›ืขืกื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉื›ืขืก, ืืœื ื™ื‘ื˜ืœื ื• ื•ืœื ื™ื—ื–ื™ืง ืœืขื“ ืืคื•, ื’ื ืื ื”ื•ื ืืฃ ื”ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืื“ื, ื›ืขื™ืŸ ืฉืคื™ืจืฉื•: ื›ื™ ืชืจืื” ื—ืžื•ืจ ืฉื•ื ืืš ืจื•ื‘ืฅ ืชื—ืช ืžืฉืื• (ืฉืžื•ืช ื›ื’,ื”), ื•ืคื™ืจืฉื• ืจื–"ืœ ืžื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืฉื ืื” ื”ื–ืืช, ืฉืจืื” ืื•ืชื• ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืขื™ื“ ืขืœื™ื•, ื•ืฉื•ื ื ืื•ืชื• ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื”, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื›ื™ ืืžืจื” "ืขื–ื•ื‘ ืชืขื–ื•ื‘ ืขืžื•" ืฉื‘ื•ืง ื™ืช ื“ื‘ืœื‘ืš, ืืœื ืžืฆื•ื” ืœืงืจื‘ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืื”ื‘ื”, ืื•ืœื™ ื™ื•ืขื™ืœ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื–ื•, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืžืฉ ืžื“ื” ื–ื• "ืœื ื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ืœืขื“ ืืคื•".

ื‘ืžืืžืจ "ืฉื ืื” ืœืฉื ืฉืžื™ื" ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจื‘ ืจ' ื™ืขืงื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื–ืฆ"ืœ [ืฉื”ื™ื” ืž"ืž ื•ืžื•"ืฆ ื“ื•ื•ื™ืœื ื ื•ืจื‘ ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ื“ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง, ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืงื•ื ื˜ืจืก ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ื”ื—ืกื“, ื”ื ืกืคื— ืœืกืคืจ ืชื•ืžืจ ื“ื‘ื•ืจื” ืžื”ื“ื•ืจืช ืฉื•ืฉื ื™ื, ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ืชืฉ"ืš] ืื›ืŸ ืขื•ื ืฉ ื”ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื ืขืœ ืขื•ืŸ ืฉื ืืช ื—ื ื, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื”ื™ื• ืฉื•ื ืื™ื ื–ื” ืืช ื–ื” ืœืฉื ืฉืžื™ื, ื•ืžื˜ืขื ืžืฆื•ื”, ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจื• ื–"ืœ: ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืชื’ืจื•ืช ื‘ืจืฉืขื™ื (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื–.) ื•ื’ื ืžืฆื•ื” ืœืฉื ืืชื• ืฉื ืืžืจ "ื™ืจืืช ื”' ืฉื ืืช ืจืข" (ืคืกื—ื™ื ืงื™ื’:), ืื‘ืœ ืฉื’ื• ื‘ืจื•ืื” ืฉืœื ื“ื ื• ื–ื” ืืช ื–ื” ืœื›ืฃ ื–ื›ื•ืช. ื’ื ืžื™ ืฉืžื•ืชืจ ืื• ืžืฆื•ื” ืœืฉื ืืชื• ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืื™ื ื• ืืœื ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื‘ืžืขืฉื”, ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจื•: ืื•ื”ื‘ ืœืคืจื•ืง ื•ืฉื•ื ื ืœื˜ืขื•ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื” ื‘ืฉื•ื ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื›ื•ืฃ ืืช ื™ืฆืจื• (ื‘"ืž ืœื‘.), ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉืžืฆื•ืช ืคืจื™ืงื” ืงื•ื“ืžืช ืœืžืฆื•ืช ื˜ืขื™ื ื” ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื›ืœ ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืฆืขืจ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื), ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื”ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ ืขื ื”ืฉื•ื ื "ื›ื“ื™ ืœื›ื•ืฃ ืืช ื™ืฆืจื•", ื•ื‘ืฉื•ื ื ืžื—ืžืช ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืžื•ืจื™ื, ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ืคืกื—ื™ื ืงื™ื’: ืฉื”ืงืฉื•: ื”ืœื ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื ืื• ืžื—ืžืช ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ื•ืžืฆื•ื” ืœืฉื ืืชื•, ื•ืืžืื™ ื˜ืขื™ื ืชื• ืงื•ื“ืžืช - - - ืžืฉื•ื "ืœื›ื•ืฃ ืืช ื™ืฆืจื•" ืœื‘ืœ ื™ื‘ื•ืื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื–ื” ืœืฉื ืื” ื’ืžื•ืจื”, ืขื™ื™"ืฉ.

ื”ืœื ื ืจืื” ืฉืืฃ ื›ื™ ืžื•ืชืจ ื•ืžืฆื•ื” ืœืฉื ืืชื• ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ืชืจ ื–ื” ื•ืžืฆื•ื” ื”ื–ืืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื ืื”, ื•ื—ืฉืฉื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืœื ืชืชื’ื“ืœ ืคืจืฅ ื”ืฉื ืื” ื•ื‘ืœ ืชืงืœืงืœ ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืจื”, ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืืžืจื” ืฉื™ืฉืชื“ืœ ื”ืื“ื ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื, ืืฃ ืฉืžืฆื•ืชื• ืงืœื” ืžืžืฆื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ื•, "ื›ื“ื™ ืœื›ื•ืฃ ืืช ื™ืฆืจื•" ืฉืœื ื™ืฆื ื—ื•ืฅ ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื”. ื•ืืš ื‘ืœื‘ ืฆื•ืชื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœืฉื ืืชื•, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื ืœืžื“ ืžืžืขืฉื™ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืžื•ื”ื• ื•ื‘ืœ ื ืชื—ื‘ืจ ืœืจืฉืขื™ื ืœื™ืœืš ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื”ื, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืคื” ื•ืœื—ื•ืฅ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืžืžืฉ, ื•ืื“ืจื‘ื” ื”ื–ื”ื™ืจื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœืงืจื‘ื• ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื—ืจื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ืชืชืจื—ื‘ ื”ืฉื ืื” ื•ื™ืžืฆื ื”ื™ืฆืจ ืžืงื•ื ื›ืืŸ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืœืžืฆื•ืช, ืืฉืจ ืื•ื™ ืœื”ื ืœืขื•ืฉื™ื”ืŸ.

ื”ื—ื˜ื ื”ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœื ืฉืžืจื• ืืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื•ืคืจืฆื• ืืช ื”ื’ื“ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื ืื”, ื•ื”ื™ื• ืฉื•ื ืื™ื ืืœื• ืืช ืืœื• ื’ื ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื•ื’ื ื‘ืžืขืฉื”, ื•ืืฃ ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืขื•ื ืฉื ืื™ื ื• ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื›ืœ ื›ืš, ื•ืจื“ืคื• ื–ื” ืืช ื–ื” ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืื–ื”ืจื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื” ืžืœืงื•ืช, ืื• ืขืœ ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ืžืœืงื•ืช - ื™ืจื“ื• ืขืžื• ืœื—ื™ื™ื•, ื•ื”ื’ื“ื™ืœื• ืืช ื”ืฉื ืื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืจืื•ื™. ื”ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืฉื ืืช ื—ื ื? ื”ืจื•ื“ืฃ ื—ืฉื‘ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ืœืฆื“ื™ืง, ืœื‘ืขืจ ืืช ื”ืจืฉืข ืžืงืจื‘ ื”ืืจืฅ, ื•ืชื”ื™ ืœื”ื™ืคืš; ื–ื” ื—ื˜ื ืœืžืงื•ื ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœื™ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื”ื—ื•ื˜ื ืœื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืžื•ืขืœืช ืœื•, ื•ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื–ืงื™ืŸ ื•ื™ืจืฆื” ืœื”ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ ื“ืจื›ื™ื•, ื™ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืขื•ื“ ืขื•ืŸ ืขืœ ืคืฉืข ื•ื™ืฉืชืจืฉ ื‘ื—ื˜ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืขืฉื™ื”ื• ื”ื–ืจ ืžืขื•ืฉื™ื”ื•.

ื›ืœืœื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ; ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื ื“ืจื›ื™ ื ื•ืขื. ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ืžื“ื” ื‘ืžืฉืงืœ ื•ื‘ืžืฉื•ืจื”, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืื ื• ืจืฉืื™ื ืœื”ืฉืขืŸ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืœืฉื•ื ืื“ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื”, ืžืฉื•ื ืžืฆื•ื”, ืžืคื ื™ ื”ื™ืจืื” ืœื‘ืœ ืชืงืœืงืœ ื”ืฉื ืื” ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื™ืฆืจ ื™ืชื—ืคืฉ ื‘ืžืขื™ืœ ื”ืฆื“ืง ื•ื”ื™ื•ืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฆื•ืช, ืืฉืจ ื ืฆื˜ื•ื™ื ื• ืฉืœื ืœืขืฉื•ืชื. ืจืง ืœื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ื, ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื”ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ, ื ืชื ื” ืจืฉื•ืช ื•ืžืฆื•ื” ืœื™ืกืจ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื˜ืื™ื ืžืฉื•ื "ื•ื‘ืขืจืช ื”ืจืข ืžืงืจื‘ืš" (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื’, ื•). ื’ื ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžื“ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืžื˜ื‘ืขื ืœืฆื“ ื”ืจื—ืžื™ื ืขืœ ืคื™ ืชืงื•ืŸ ื”ืžื“ื•ืช, ื•ื›ืืžืจื ื–"ืœ: ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ืฉื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ื–ืงืŸ ื•ืกืจื™ืก ื‘ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ (ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืœื•:), ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื—ืกืจ ืœื”ื ื–ื™ืงื™ ื”ืจื—ืžื™ื. ื•ืื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื”ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืžืชื•ืงื ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื•ืชื™ื”ื, ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ื—ืœื™ืœื” ืœืขื•ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื™ืฉืจื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืžืงืœืงืœืช. ื”ื’ืข ืขืฆืžืš, ืžื™ ืฉืขื‘ืจ ืขืœ "ื”ื‘ืขืจื”" ื‘ืฉื‘ืช, ืจืฉืข ื’ืžื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ื•ืžืฆื•ื” ืœืฉื ืืชื•, ืื‘ืœ ืจืง ื‘ืœื‘, ืื‘ืœ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืขืฉื” ื”ืขื•ื ืฉ, ื”ื™ื• ืžืขื™ื™ื ื™ื ืื "ื”ื‘ืขืจื” ืœื—ืœืง ื™ืฆืืช ืื• ืœืœืื•", ื•ืžื—ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื ืืช ื”ืœื‘ ืœื–ื” ื”ืžื‘ืขื™ืจ ืœื ื ื’ืขื” ื—ืก ื•ืฉืœื•ื ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ื—ื•ื˜ ื”ืฉืขืจื” ื‘ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื“ื™ื ื• ืœืžืขืฉื”. ื•ื–ื” ืžืคืืช ื”ืžื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืชื•ืงื ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื”ื, ืœื‘ืœ ืชืงืœืงืœ ื”ืฉื ืื” ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ.

ื‘ื”ืขืจื” ืœืžืืžืจ ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืจืš ื”ืจื‘ ื ื™ืกืŸ ื•ื•ืืงืกืžืืŸ ื–"ืœ ืฉืžืืžืจ ื–ื” ื”ื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืกืคืจื• "ืœื‘ื™ืช ื™ืขืงื‘" ื“ืฃ ื›ื’ (ื•ื•ื™ืœื ื, ืชืจืžื—) ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืœืฉื•ืŸ. ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื‘ื™ืื•ืจื• "ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉื ืชื’ืœื” ืขื•ื ื", ื ืžืฆื ื’ื ืืฆืœ ื”ืจืฉ"ื– ืžืงืœื ื“ืฃ ื›ื•, (ืคืจื ืงืคื•ืจื˜-ืฆื™ื™ืœื”ื™ื™ื, ืชืฉื˜) ื•ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžืžืขื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ืจ' ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืกืœื ื˜ืจ ืจื‘ื, ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืจื‘ื” ืœื”ื–ื”ื™ืจ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ "ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื”ืื‘ืŸ ื ืคืจื•ืžืข ื ื’ื™ืขื”" [ื‘ืชืจื’ื•ื ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ - ืฉืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ืœืš ื ื’ื™ืขื” ืื“ื•ืงื” ืžื“ื™].

ื‘ื”ืงื“ืžื” ืœืกืคืจ "ืฉื‘ ืฉืžืขืชืชื" ื›ืชื‘ ืœื™ื™ืฉื‘ ื”ืกืชื™ืจื” ืฉื‘ืžืกื›ืช ืื‘ื•ืช [ืคืจืง ื‘ ืžืฉื ื” ื™ื’] ืืžืจื• ื—ื–"ืœ "ืืœ ืชื”ื™ ืจืฉืข ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžืš" ื•ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ื ื“ื” [ื“ืฃ ืœ:] ืืžืจื• ืฉื›ืฉืžืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื•ืœื“ ื‘ืžืขื™ ืืžื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื• "ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœืš ืฆื“ื™ืง ืืชื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ืš ื›ืจืฉืข". ืฉื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืžืืžืจ ื—ื–"ืœ ื‘ืื‘ื•ืช ืืœ ืชื”ื™ ืจืฉืข ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžืš, ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื‘ืขืฆืžื•ืชืš, ื›ื™ ื–ืจืข ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืื ื—ื ื• ื•ืœื ื™ืฉืชื ื• ื‘ืขืฆืžื•ืช, ื•ื›ืœ ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืš ืชื•ืืจ ื”ื•ื ืœื”ื ืืฉืจ ืœื ื™ืชืžื™ื“ ื›ื™ ืื ื™ืขืžื•ื“ ืขืช ืžืŸ ื”ืขืชื™ื, ื•ืž"ืฉ ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืขืœื™ืš ืฉืืชื” ืฆื“ื™ืง ื”ื•ื™ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ืš ื›ืจืฉืข, ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืจืืš, ื›ืžื• ื•ืขื™ื ื• ื›ืขื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื“ื•ืœื—, ืฉืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืžืจืื” ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื•ืืจ ื•ืื– ืชื•ืกื™ืฃ ืื•ืžืฅ, ืชืจื‘ื” ืœืš ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ื•ืชืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื’ื“ื™ืš, ื•ืชืฉืœื™ื ื—ืคืฅ ื‘ื•ืจืืš ื”ืื•ืžืจ "ื”ืจืื™ื ื™ ืืช ืžืจืื™ืš", ื•ื”ื ื” ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื™ื ื• ื‘ืขืฆืžื•ืช ืจืง ื‘ืชื•ืืจ ื•ื‘ืžืจืื”, ืื™ื ื• ืืœื ืžืงืจื” ื•ื”ืžืงืจื” ืœื ืชืชืžื™ื“, ืœื›ืŸ ื–ืจืข ืื‘ืจื”ื ืืฃ ืื ื™ื“ื™ื”ื ืžืคื•ื—ืžื•ืช, ื”ืฉื—ืจื•ืช ืœื ืชืชืžื™ื“, ื•ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ื™ืชืœื‘ื ื• ื•ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื• ืœื™ื•ืคื™ื ื•ืœืขืฆืžื•ืชื, ืื‘ืœ ืžืขืฉื™ื”ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ื ืขืฆืžื•ืชื.

ืžื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื ืคืœืื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืืฃ ืžืฆื“ ื”ืžื•ืกืจ, ื‘ืจื•ื‘ื ื”ืžื›ืจื™ืข ืฉืœ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ื™ืฉ ืœืื”ื•ื‘ ืืช ืื—ื™ื ื• ื”ืชื•ืขื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืฆื‘ ื‘ื• ื”ื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื•ืœืงืจื‘ื ื‘ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ื—ืœื™ืœื” ืžืœืฉื ืืชื, ื•ืืฃ ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืืคื™ืงื•ืจืกื™ื ื”ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืขื ืžืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”' ืฉืžื•ืชืจ ืœืฉื ืืชื ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืคืชื— ื‘ืฉืœื•ื ื•ืœื ื ืฉืžืขื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื–ื”ืจ ืžืื•ื“ ืฉื”ืฉื ืื” ืชื”ื™ื” ืœืฉื ืฉืžื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื•ืœื ืชืฉื—ื™ืช ืืช ืžื“ื•ืชื™ื• ื—ืœื™ืœื”.

ืžืกืงื ื•ืช
ื. ืžืฆื•ืช ืื”ื‘ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืžืฆื•ืช ืขืฉื” ืฉืœ "ื•ืื”ื‘ืช ืœืจืขืš ื›ืžื•ืš" ื•ืžืฆื•ืช ืœื ืชืขืฉื” ืฉืœ "ืœื ืชืฉื ื ืืช ืื—ื™ืš ื‘ืœื‘ื‘ืš".
ื‘. ืžืฆื•ื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื•ืœื”.
ื’. ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ื”ื™ื ืœืื”ื•ื‘ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ื’ื•ืคื•.
ื“. ื”ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœ ืฉืžื•ืชืจ ื•ืžืฆื•ื” ืœืฉื ืืชื ื”ื ื”ืืคื™ืงื•ืจืกื™ืŸ ื•ื”ืžืกื™ืชื™ื ื•ื”ืžื“ื™ื—ื™ืŸ ื•ื”ืžืกื•ืจื•ืช ืื• ืจืฉืข ืฉืจืื” ืื•ืชื• ืฉืขื‘ืจ ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกืžืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœื ืงื‘ืœ ืชื•ื›ื—ื”.
ื”. ื ื—ืœืงื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืจืฉืข ืฉืžื•ืชืจ ื•ืžืฆื•ื” ืœืฉื ืืชื• ืื ื”ืฉื ืื” ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœืช ืœืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืฉืขื‘ืจ ืื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืฉื ืืชื• ืฉื ืื” ื’ืžื•ืจื”, ื•ื ืคืกืง ืœื”ืœื›ื” ื›ื“ืขื” ืฉืžืฆื•ื” ืœืฉื ืืชื• ืฉื ืื” ื’ืžื•ืจื”.
ื•. ื™ืฉ ืœืื”ื•ื‘ ื•ืœืงืจื‘ ืจืฉืขื™ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ื•ืืกื•ืจ ืœืฉื ื•ื ืื•ืชื, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ืื ื•ืกื™ืŸ ื•ื›ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ืฉื ืฉื‘ื• ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ืŸ ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื—, ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืžืขื˜ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื”ื ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื”ื–ื›ื™ื ืžื›ืœ ื—ื˜ื ื•ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ื ืืช ื”ืจืฉืขื™ื.
ื–. ื”ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืฉื ืืชื ื•ืœื”ืชืงื•ื˜ื˜ ืขืžื”ื ืืฃ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ื”ื ื”ืืคื™ืงื•ืจืกื™ื ื”ืžืชืงื•ืžืžื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืขื ืžืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”', ื•ืืฃ ื–ื” ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืคืชื— ื‘ืฉืœื•ื ื•ืœื ื ืฉืžืขื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•.
ื—. ืืฃ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืฉื ื•ื ืืช ื”ืจืฉืขื™ื ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื–ื”ืจ ืžืฆื“ ื”ืžื•ืกืจ ืฉื”ืฉื ืื” ืชื”ื™ื” ืœืฉื ืฉืžื™ื, ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื”ืจืื•ื™ื”, ื•ืœื ืชืฉืคื™ืข ืœืจืขื” ืขืœ ืžื“ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื•ื ื.

ื™ื”ื™ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืฉื ื–ื›ื” ืœืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืžืœื›ืช ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื•ื’ื•ื™ ืงื“ื•ืฉ, ื•ื ื—ื–ื” ื‘ืฉื•ื‘ ื”' ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื—ืžื™ื ื›ืื™ืฉ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืœื‘ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืžื”ืจื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•.
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
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ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
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