ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืžื“ื•ืจื™ื
  • ืžืขื™ื™ื ื•ืชื™ืš
  • ืกื™ื•ื•ืŸ
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
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11 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”

ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืœืจืคื•ืืช

ื—ื ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืžื™ืช

ื‘ื™ื•"ื˜ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื—ื’ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืชืง"ื› ื ืกืชืœืง ืžื™ื™ืกื“ ืชื ื•ืขืช ื”ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืขืœ ืฉื ื˜ื•ื‘ (ื”ื‘ืขืฉ"ื˜). ืขืœ ืฉื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื”ื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืžืื– ืคื˜ื™ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ืžื•ืจื, ื•ืขื“ ื›ืฉื ื” ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ืื ื• ืœืžื“ื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื:
"ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืกืชืœืงื•ืช ืžื•ืจื ื• ื”ื‘ืขืฉ"ื˜ ื ื‘ื—ืจ ื‘ื ื• ื”ืจื”"ืฆ ืจ' ืฆื‘ื™ ืœื ืฉื™ื ื•ืžื ื”ื™ื’. ืืžื ื ื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื ื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืจืืชื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืงื“ื™ืฉื ื›ื™ ื‘ืŸ ืžื•ืจื ื•ืจื‘ื ื—ืœื•ืฉ ื‘ื›ื—ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืœืคื™ ื”ืžืฆื‘ ืื– ื”ื™ื” ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืขื•ื– ื•ืชืขืฆื•ืžื•ืช ื•ืื™ืฉ ืืฉืจ ืจื•ื— ื‘ื• ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ื•ื™ื“ืื’ื• ืžืื“.
ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ืช ื™ื•"ื˜ ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื—ื’ื”"ืฉ (ื—ื’ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช) ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืื—ืจ ื”ื™ืืจืฆื™ื™ื˜ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžื•ืจื ื• ื”ื‘ืขืฉ"ื˜, ื™ืฉื‘ ื›"ืง ื”ืจื”"ืฆ ืจ' ืฆื‘ื™ ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืžืœื•ื‘ืฉ ื‘ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ืงื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื›"ืง ืื‘ื™ื• ืžื•ืจื ื• ื”ื‘ืขืฉ"ื˜ ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืงื“ื™ืฉื ืขื•ื˜ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื•. ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื’ืžืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ืชื•ืจื” ืขืžื“ ืžืœื ืงื•ืžืชื• ื•ื™ืืžืจ:
ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ื ืืœื™ ืื‘ื ื”ืง' ื•ื™ื•ื“ื™ืขื ื™ ื›ื™ ื”ืคืžืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืขืœื” ืขื ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื”ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืืฆืœื• ืขื‘ืจื• ื”ื™ื•ื ืœื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื•ื ื•ืจื ืžืจื ื ื•ืจื‘ื ื ืจ' ื‘ืขืจื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืจ' ืื‘ืจื”ื, ืืฉืจ ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ืชืžืกื•ืจ ืœื• ืืช ื”ื ืฉื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืงื“ื™ืฉื ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ืฉื‘ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ื•ืืชื” ื‘ื ื™ ืชืฉื‘ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•, ื•ื“ืข ื›ื™ ืชืฆืœื™ื—ื• ื•ืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืจื•ื—ื•.
ื•ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืคื ื” ืœื”ืจื”"ืง ืจ' ื“ื•ื‘ืขืจ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ืžื–ืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื™ืคืฉื˜ ืืช ื‘ื’ื“ื• ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื™ืชื ื• ืœื›"ืง ืžืจื•ืŸ ืจ' ื“ื•ื‘ืขืจ ื•ื™ืœื‘ืฉ ืืช ื‘ื’ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื›"ืง ืจ' ื“ื•ื‘ืขืจ ื•ื™ืฉื‘ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•.
ื•ืžื™ื“ ื™ืฉื‘ ื”ืจื”"ืง ืจ' ื“ื•ื‘ืขืจ ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืงื“ื™ืฉื ืขืžื“ื• ืขืœ ืจื’ืœื™ื”ื ืœืฉืžืข ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืฉืจ ื™ืืžืจ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉ. ื•ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืžืกื•ืจื” ื”ื ื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืืฉืจ ืืžืจ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืขืœ ืคืกื•ืง ืžืจืื™ื”ื ื•ืžืขืฉื™ื”ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืื•ืคืŸ.
ื”ื•ื“ ื›"ืง ืื‘ื™ ืื“ื•ื ื™ ื–ืงื ื™ ืžื•"ืจ ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ืขืœ ืฆืžื— ืฆื“ืง ืžืกืจ ืœื‘ื ื• ื›"ืง ืื‘ื™ ืื“ื•ื ื™ ื–ืงื ื™ ืžื•"ืจ ืžื•ื”ืจ"ืฉ, ืืฉืจ ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืžืจืื™ื”ื ื•ืžืขืฉื™ื”ื ื”ื ื“ืคืก ื‘ืกืคืจ ืชื•ืจื” ืื•ืจ ืคืจืฉืช ื™ืชืจื•, ื”ื•ื ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืืžืจ ื›"ืง ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืžื’ื™ื“ ืžืžืขื–ืจื™ื˜ืฉ ื‘ืฉืขืช ืงื‘ืœื• ืืช ื”ื ืฉื™ืื•ืช ื‘ื—ื’ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืฉื ืช ืชืงื›"ื, ื›ืคื™ ืืฉืจ ืฉืžืข ืจื‘ื ื• ื”ื–ืงืŸ ืžืคื™ ื”ืจื”"ืง ืจื‘ื™ ืžื ื—ื ืžืขื ื“ืœ ื”ืืจืื“ืืง ื‘ืขืœ ืคืจื™ ื”ืืจืฅ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืžืขืžื“, ืจืง ืฉืจื‘ื ื• ื”ื–ืงืŸ ื‘ื™ืืจ ืื•ืชื• ืขืœ ืคื™ ืกื’ื ื•ื ื• ื”ื•ื" 1 .
ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ื™ื— ื›ื™ ืžืืžืจ ื–ื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ื”ืžืืžืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ืืžืจ ื”ืžื’ื™ื“ ืžืžื–ืจื™ื˜ืฉ ืขื ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื”ื ื”ื’ื”, ื™ื”ื™ื” ื˜ื‘ื•ืข ื‘ื—ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ืžืขืžื“ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ื•ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืืช ื“ืจื›ื• ืฉืœ ืžื•ืจื• ื”ื‘ืขืฉ"ื˜. ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื”ื ื—ื” ื–ื• ืžื ื™ืขื” ืื•ืชื ื• ืœืขื™ื•ืŸ ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื‘ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืžืจืื™ื”ื ื•ืžืขืฉื™ื”ื ื”ื ื“ืคืก ื‘ืœืฉื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ืžื•"ืจ ื”ื–ืงืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืื•ืจ ืœืคืจืฉืช ื™ืชืจื•.
ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืืžืจ ืžืจืื™ื”ื ื•ืžืขืฉื™ื”ื ื›ืกืžืžืŸ ืœืจืฆื™ืคื•ืช ื”ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ืžื”ื‘ืขืฉ"ื˜, ืžื•ืคื™ืข ืคืขื ื ื•ืกืคืช ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื›ืœืื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ืžื•"ืจ ื”ื–ืงืŸ. ื‘ื”ืชื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื™ื•ื ื‘' ื“ื—ื’ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืชืฉืœ"ื‘ ื”ืฉืžื™ืข ื”ืจื‘ื™ ืžืืžืจ ื“ื"ื— ืฉืคืชื™ื—ืชื• ื‘ืคืกื•ืง "ืžืจืื™ื”ื ื•ืžืขืฉื™ื”ื". ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืืžืจ ืฉื™ื—ื” 2 ื•ื‘ื” ืกื™ืคืจ, ื›ื™ ื›ืฉื”ื™ื” ืื“ืžื•"ืจ ื”ื–ืงืŸ ื‘ืžืืกืจ ื‘ืื• ืœื‘ืงืจื• ื”ื‘ืขืฉ"ื˜ ื•ื”ืžื’ื™ื“. ื”ื‘ืขืฉ"ื˜ ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืžืื“ืžื•"ืจ ื”ื–ืงืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ืื™ื–ื” ื“ืจื•ืฉ, ื•ืื“ืžื•"ืจ ื”ื–ืงืŸ ืืžืจ ืืช ื”ืžืืžืจ "ืžืจืื™ื”ื ื•ืžืขืฉื™ื”ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืื•ืคืŸ". ืชื’ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื‘ืขืœ-ืฉื-ื˜ื•ื‘, ืฉื ืืžืจื” ืœืžื’ื™ื“, ื”ื™ืชื”: ืืžืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ, ืฉื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ ืฉืงื‘ืœืช ืžืžื ื™.
ืืžื™ืจืช ื”ืžืืžืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื“ืžื•"ืจ ื”ื–ืงืŸ ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืกื™ืžืŸ ืœื”ืขื‘ืจืช ืฉืœืฉืœืช ื”ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ืžื”ื‘ืขืฉ"ื˜ ืืœ ืื“ืžื•"ืจ ื”ื–ืงืŸ ื“ืจืš ืžื•ืจื• ื•ืจื‘ื•, ื”ืžื’ื™ื“ ืžืžื–ืจื™ื˜ืฉ. ืฉื•ื‘ ื ื–ืงืงื™ื ืื ื• ืœืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืืžืจ ื–ื” ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื’ื ื•ื– ื‘ื• ื”ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืงืฉืจ ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืžื”ื‘ืขืฉ"ื˜, ื“ืจืš ื”ืžื’ื™ื“ ืืœ ืื“ืžื•"ืจ ื”ื–ืงืŸ.

ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืื•ืคืŸ
ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื˜ืจื ื ืคืชื— ืืช ื”ืขื™ื•ืŸ ืขืฆืžื•, ื ื ื™ื— ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืืžืจ. ื”ืžืืžืจ ื ื“ืคืก ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืื•ืจ ื‘ืžืืžืจื™ ืคืจืฉืช ื™ืชืจื•. ืคืจืฉืช ื™ืชืจื• ื”ื™ื ื”ืคืจืฉื” ื‘ื” ืžื•ืคื™ืข ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™, ืžื›ืืŸ ื”ื–ื™ืงื” ืืœ ื—ื’ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช. ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืฉืจืื•ื™ ืœืฆื™ื™ื ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ืคืกื•ืง ืขืœื™ื• ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ื”ืžืืžืจ ื›ื•ืœื• ืœืงื•ื— ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืคื˜ืจืช ื—ื’ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืขืฉื” ื”ืžืจื›ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ. ืฉื•ื‘ ื ืงืฉืจื™ื ืื ื• ืืœ ื—ื’ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื›ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื—ื’ ื›ื™ื•ื ื”ืกืชืœืงื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืขืฉ"ื˜, ื•ืœืื—ืจ ื›ืฉื ื”, ื›ื™ื•ื ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืช ืœืžื’ื™ื“ ืžืžื–ืจื™ื˜ืฉ.
ื ืคื ื” ืื ื›ืŸ ืœืžืืžืจ ืขืฆืžื• ื•ื ื ืกื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืคืœืช ื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ื”ื ื”ื’ื”:
"ืžืจืื™ื”ื ื•ืžืขืฉื™ื”ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืื•ืคืŸ. ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ, ื›ืžื• ืื•ืคืŸ ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืš ืื•ืคืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ืฉืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ืกื•ื‘ื‘ ืืช ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ืœืžืขืœื” ื”ื•ื ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืžืŸ ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื•ืžืœืžื˜ื”, ื‘ืชื—ืชื™ืช, ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ืžืœืžืขืœื” ืžืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ. ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืจื•ื— ื”ื—ื™ื” ื‘ืื•ืคื ื™ื ื“ืœื ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืจื•ื— ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช, ื“ื”ื ื“' ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื‘ืžืจื›ื‘ื”. ืืœื ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ, ืฉื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจื•ื— ื“ื™ื™ืงื ืžืžืงื•ื ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืžืื•ื“ ืฉืžืขืœื” ื•ืžื˜ื” ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ื•. ื›ื™ ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื™ืจื“ ื•ืœื”ืชืคืฉื˜ ืœืžื˜ื”. ื•ื–ื”ื• ืจื•ื— ื”ื—ื™ื” ื”ื™ื“ื•ืข, ื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื›ืœืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื“' ื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉื›ืœืœื•ืชืŸ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืื“ื. ื›ื™ ืคื ื™ ืืจื™ื” ืืœ ื”ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื•ืคื ื™ ืฉื•ืจ ืžื”ืฉืžืืœ, ืžื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืŸ ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืื“ื ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื•ืฉืžืืœ" 3 .

ืœืคื ื™ื ื• ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉืœ ืื•ืคื ื™ื ื”ืžืฆื˜ื™ื™ืจื™ื ื›ืžืขื™ืŸ ืžื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ื’ืœื’ืœื™ ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื. ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ื›ื™ ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ื”ืžื ื™ืข ืืช ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื›ื•ืœื•. ื”ืื•ืคื ื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื ืขื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื›ื•ื— ืชื ื•ืขืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ. ื ืžืฆื ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื›ื•ืœืœ ื•ืžืงื™ืฃ ืืช ื›ืœ ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืžืชืจื—ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ื•ื ื’ื–ืจื•ืช ืžื›ื•ื— ืชื ื•ืขืชื•. ื›ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืงื™ืฃ, ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื—ืœืงื• ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ, ื”ื™ื ื• ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืคื ื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืฉื‘ืชื•ื›ื•, ืื•ืœื ื—ืœืงื• ื”ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื• ืœืžื˜ื” ืžื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืคื ื™ื ืฉื‘ืชื•ื›ื•, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืกื•ื‘ื‘ ืืช ื›ื•ืœื ื•ื›ื•ืœื ื‘ืชื•ื›ื•.
ืชื™ืื•ืจ ืžื›ื ื™ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช. ืžื™ ืฉืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจื•ื— ื”ื—ื™ื” ื‘ืื•ืคื ื™ื, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืคืงืข ืžื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ ืขืœื™ื” ื•ื™ืจื™ื“ื”. ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉืขื•ืฆืžืชื• ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืชื”ื™ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืขื“ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื ื™ืข ืืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื™ื ื”ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื• ื’ื ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ื’ื ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ืœืžื˜ื”.
ื”ืจื•ื— ื”ื—ื™ื” ื‘ืื•ืคื ื™ื ืคื•ืขืœืช ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืคื™ ืฉืคื•ืขืœ ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ. ื•ืื›ืŸ ื”ืจื•ื— ื”ื—ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ื“ืžื•ืช ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืžืขืฉื” ื”ืžืจื›ื‘ื”. ืœื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืžืขืฉื” ื”ืžืจื›ื‘ื” ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ, ืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื•ืจ ืืœ ื”ืฉืžืืœ, ืคื ื™ ื”ืืจื™ื” ืืœ ื”ื™ืžื™ืŸ 4 . ื“ืžื•ืช ื”ืื“ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ื” ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช 5 , ืื™ื ื ื” ืžื–ื•ื”ื” ืขื ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื ืืœื ื”ื™ื ื“ืžื•ืช ื›ื•ืœืœืช. ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืื ื›ืŸ ื”ืจื•ื— ื”ื—ื™ื” ื‘ืื•ืคื ื™ื. ื–ื”ื•ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ืจ ื•ื”ืืจื™ื” ืขื ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื, ืžืœืžื“ืช ืขืœ ืžื’ื‘ืœื”, ืขืœ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ื•ืคืขืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ื“ืžื•ืช ื”ืื“ื ื”ืžืฉื•ื—ืจืจืช ืžื›ืœ ืคื ื™ื”, ืžืกืžืœืช ืืช ื”ืขื•ืฆืžื•ืช ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืื• ืื—ืจ, ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ืื• ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืชื—ืชื•ื ื”. ื“ืžื•ืช ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ื”ืจื•ื— ื”ื—ื™ื” ื‘ืื•ืคื ื™ื, ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืžื›ื•ื—ื• ื ืขื™ื ื”ืื•ืคื ื™ื ื›ื•ืœื.
ืขืงืจื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืžืชื‘ื˜ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื•ื‘ืœื˜ืช ื‘ืื•ืคื™ื• ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉืœ ื—ื’ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช:
"ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ื—ื’ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืฉืœ ืฉืขืจ ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื (ืฉืื—ืจ ืž"ื˜) ื™ืžื™ ื”ืกืคื™ืจื” ืฉื”ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื–' ืฉืžื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ื ืžื—ืงื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืžืžืœื ื›ืœ ืขืœืžื™ืŸ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืžืขืœื” ื•ืžื˜ื” ืจืืฉ ื•ืจื’ืœ ื›ื•'. ืื‘ืœ ืฉืขืจ ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ื”ื•ื ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ื•ืžืงื™ืฃ ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืฉื ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืžืขืœื” ื•ืžื˜ื” ื›ืœืœ ื•ื‘ื• ื ืชื ื” ืชื•ืจื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืž"ืข ื•ืžืœ"ืช ื”ืžืฉื›ืช ืื•ืจ ืื™ืŸ-ืกื•ืฃ ื‘ืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื’ืฉืžื™ืช, ื”ื•ื ืขื ื™ืŸ ื›ืชืจ ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืžื• ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื•ืขื˜ืจื” ืฉืขืœ ื”ืจืืฉ ืžืœืžืขืœื” ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืจืืฉ ื•ืจื’ืœ ื›ื•'. ืฉืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืชืคืฉื˜ ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ืžื• ืœืžืขืœื”. ื•ื›ืžื• ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ื "ืœ" 6 .

ื”ื™ื—ืก ื”ืžืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื’ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืฉืœืื—ืจ ืกืคื™ืจืช ื”ืขื•ืžืจ, ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื•ืชืฉืข ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืงื“ืžื• ืœื•, ื”ื•ื ืื ื›ืŸ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื—ืก ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœืื•ืคื ื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื. ื™ืžื™ ื”ืกืคื™ืจื” ืžื–ื•ื”ื™ื ืขื ืฉื‘ืข ื”ื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื”ื™ื“ื•ืขื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืกืคื™ืจื•ืช. ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืžื™ืžื™ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื›ื ื’ื“ ืกืคื™ืจื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช, ื•ื›ืš ื’ื ื›ืœ ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืžืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืกืคื™ืจื” ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื›ื ื’ื“ ืกืคื™ืจื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช. ืœื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื™ืฉ ืื ื›ืŸ, ื–ื”ื•ืช ืžืฉืœื•. ื–ื”ื•ืช ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื•ื, ื–ื”ื• ืื•ืคื™ื•, ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืคื•ืขืœ, ื•ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืคื™ืข. ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ื–ื”ื” ืœืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืคื ื™ ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ืืฉืจ ืืœื• ืคื•ื ื•ืช ืืœ ื”ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื•ืืœื• ืคื•ื ื•ืช ืืœ ื”ืฉืžืืœ. ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉืื—ืจื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืžื•ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืคื ื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื. ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉืžืขื‘ืจ. ื‘ืชื•ืงืฃ ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉืžืขื‘ืจ, ื”ืจื™ื”ื• ื’ื ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื›ืœ ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ื•ืœื›ืœ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืคืจื˜ื™. ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ื•ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžื”ื•ื™ื•ืช ื›ื•ืœืŸ. ื–ื”ื• ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ื ื™ืชื ื” ืชื•ืจื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืžืขื™ืŸ ื–ื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื” ืจืืฉ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื” ืกื•ืฃ, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื” ืžืขืœื” ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื” ืžื˜ื”, ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื‘ื“ื™ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืœื• ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื•ื”ืžืงื•ื“ืฉื™ื, ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืœื• ื”ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื ื•ื”ืžื’ื•ืฉืžื™ื. ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืžื–ื•ื”ื” ืขื ืกืคื™ืจืช ื”ื›ืชืจ ื”ื‘ืื” ืžืขืœ ื›ืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืกืคื™ืจื•ืช, ืกืคื™ืจื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื” ื–ื”ื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ืช ืืœื ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขืœืช ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื•ืžืงื•ื“ืฉืช ื”ืžืฉืคื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืคื ื™ื ืฉื‘ืชื•ื›ื”.

ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ
ื”ื“ืžื•ืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื•ืคื ื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉื›ืชื• ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื›ื•ืœื”, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืžืขืฉื”, ื”ื™ื ื“ืžื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื•:
"ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ืžืฉื›ื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืžืฉื”. ืžืฉื” ื™ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื™ ืขืœื™ื• ื ืืžืจ ื•ืชื—ืกืจื”ื• ืžืขื˜ ืžืืœืงื™ื, ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืž"ื˜ ืฉืขืจื™ ื‘ื™ื ื” ื ืžืกืจื• ืœื•. ื•ืžื—ืžืช ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืฉืขืจ ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืžืžื ื•. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื”ื•ื ื”ื™"ื’ ืžื“ื•ืช ื”ืจื—ืžื™ื" 7 .

ืžืฉื” ื”ื•ื ื”"ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”' ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื›ื" 8 . ื”ื•ื ื”ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื•ืคื ื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื”ืกื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื ืžื›ื•ื—ื•. ื”ื•ื ื”ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช, ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื•ื— ื”ื—ื™ื” ื‘ืื•ืคื ื™ื. ื”ื•ื ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื•ืงืฆื‘ื”, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื ืœื ืคื ื™ื ื•ืœื ืื—ื•ืจ, ืœื ืžืขืœื” ื•ืœื ืžื˜ื”, ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืื™ืคื™ื•ืŸ, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืžื™ื“ื”. ืงืจื•ื‘ ื”ื•ื ืืœ ืฉืชื™ ื”ื“ืจื’ื•ืช. ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ื ืืžืจ ืขืœื™ื• "ื•ืชื—ืกืจื”ื• ืžืขื˜ ืžืืœืงื™ื" 9 , ืžื” ืฉืžืขืžื™ื“ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื“ืจื’ื” ืงืจื•ื‘ื” ืœืฉืขืจ ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื, ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืฉืขืจ ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ื•ืกื•ื‘ื‘ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืขืจื™ื ืฉื‘ืชื•ื›ื•. ื•ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉื ืžืกืจื• ืœื• ืž"ื˜ ืฉืขืจื™ ื‘ื™ื ื”, ืฉื”ื’ื“ืจืชื ื‘ืจื•ืจื”, ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ืž"ื˜ ืคื ื™ื ื˜ืžื ื•ืž"ื˜ ืคื ื™ื ื˜ื”ื•ืจ 10 . ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ื“ืข ืืช ืกื•ื“ ื”ื”ืžืฉื›ื” ืžืŸ ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ ื•ืžืŸ ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžืฆื•ืžืฆื ืืœ ืชื•ืš ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช, ื™"ื’ ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืจื—ืžื™ื ื”ืžืขื ื™ืงื•ืช ืœื”ืชื’ืœื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจื•ื— ื”ื—ื™ื”, ื“ืžื•ืช ืžื•ื’ื“ืจืช ื‘ื”ื•ืคืขืชื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืื•ืคื ื™ื.
ืขืœ ืคื™ ื™ืกื•ื“ ื–ื”, ืžื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ืื“ืžื•"ืจ ื”ื–ืงืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ื—ืกื“ ื”ื ื–ื›ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื‘ื•ืจื ืขื•ืœื, ื”ืื—ืช ื ื–ื›ืจืช ื‘ื™"ื’ ืžื™ื“ื•ืช:
"... ื”' ื”' ืืœ ืจื—ื•ื ื•ื—ื ื•ืŸ ืืจืš ืืคื™ื ื•ืจื‘ ื—ืกื“ ื•ืืžืช. ื ืฆืจ ื—ืกื“ ืœืืœืคื™ื ื ืฉื ืขื•ืŸ ื•ืคืฉืข ื•ื—ื˜ืื” ื•ื ืงื” ืœื ื™ื ืงื” ืคืงื“ ืขื•ืŸ ืื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ื ื•ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื ืขืœ ืฉืœืฉื™ื ื•ืขืœ ืจื‘ืขื™ื" 11 .

ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ื ื–ื›ืจืช ื‘ืขืฉืจืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื•ืช:
"... ื›ื™ ืื ื›ื™ ื”' ืืœืงื™ืš ืืœ ืงื ื ืคืงื“ ืขื•ืŸ ืื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ื ืขืœ ืฉืœืฉื™ื ื•ืขืœ ืจื‘ืขื™ื ืœืฉื ืื™. ื•ืขืฉื” ื—ืกื“ ืœืืœืคื™ื ืœืื”ื‘ื™ ื•ืœืฉืžืจื™ ืžืฆื•ืชื™" 12 .

ื›ืืŸ "ื ื•ืฆืจ ื—ืกื“" ื•ื›ืืŸ "ืขื•ืฉื” ื—ืกื“". ื”ื”ื‘ื—ื ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืžื–ื“ืงืจืช ืœืขื™ืŸ ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ. ื”ืžื™ืœื” 'ื ื•ืฆืจ' ืžืขื™ื“ื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉืžื•ืจ, ืขืœ ื”ื›ื ื•ืก, ื”ืžื•ืกืชืจ, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื”ืžื™ืœื” 'ืขื•ืฉื”' ืžืขื™ื“ื” ืขืœ ืขื•ืœื ื”ืขืฉื™ื™ื” ืขืœ ื”ื™ืฆื™ืื” ื›ืœืคื™ ื—ื•ืฅ. ื”ื‘ื—ื ื” ืฉื˜ื—ื™ืช ื–ื• ืžืงื‘ืœืช ืืช ืขื•ืžืงื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืื“ืžื•"ืจ ื”ื–ืงืŸ:
"ื•ื–ื”ื• ืขื ื™ืŸ ื ื•ืฆืจ ื—ืกื“... ื•ื’ื ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื ื•ืฆืจ ืฉื•ืžืจ ื”ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืฉืžื™ืจื” ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืขืœื ืงื•ื“ื ืฉื‘ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื’ืœื•ื™. ืžื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืŸ ื•ืขืฉื” ื—ืกื“ ืฉื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”, ื•ืขื•ืฉื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืชืงื•ืŸ ื›ืžื• ื•ืขืฉืชื” ืืช ืฆืคืจื ื™ื”. ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื•ืžื“ืจื’ืช ืื‘ืจื”ื ื—ืกื“ ื“ืืฆื™ืœื•ืช ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื ื•ืฆืจ ื—ืกื“ ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืงื•ื“ื ืคื•ืงื“ ืขื•ืŸ ืื‘ื•ืช. ืฉืคื•ืงื“ ืขื•ืŸ ืื‘ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืื—ืจ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื™"ื’ ืžื“ื•ืช ืฉืžืกื™ื™ื ื•ื ืงื”, ืžื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืŸ ื•ืขื•ืฉื” ื—ืกื“ ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืื—ืจ ืคื•ืงื“ ืขื•ืŸ ืื‘ื•ืช ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื—ืกื“ ืฉื‘ืกื“ืจ ื”ืฉืชืœืฉืœื•ืช. ืžื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืŸ ื ื•ืฆืจ ื—ืกื“ ื”ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื—ืกื“ ืฉืœืžืขืœื” ืžืขืœื” ืžืกื“ืจ ื”ืฉืชืœืฉืœื•ืช ืจืง ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืžืงื•ืจ ื•ืฉืจืฉ ื›ื•' 13 ".

ืžื™ื“ืช 'ื ื•ืฆืจ ื—ืกื“' ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกืช ืœื“ืžื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื”, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืžื™ื“ืช 'ืขื•ืฉื” ื—ืกื“' ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกืช ืœื“ืžื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื. ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื—ืกื“ ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืื•ืช ื”ื—ืกื“ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืขืฉื”, ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื, ื‘ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช. ื ืฆื™ืจืช ื”ื—ืกื“, ื”ื™ื ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ, ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืืœ, "ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืขืœื ืงื•ื“ื ืฉื‘ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™". ืงื• ื”ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื”ื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื "ืคื•ืงื“ ืขื•ืŸ ืื‘ื•ืช" ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืขื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื‘ื™"ื’ ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื”. 'ื ื•ืฆืจ ื—ืกื“', ืžื•ืคื™ืข ืงื•ื“ื "ืคื•ืงื“ ืขื•ืŸ ืื‘ื•ืช", ื‘ืขื•ื“ 'ืขื•ืฉื” ื—ืกื“' ืžื•ืคื™ืข ืœืื—ืจ "ืคื•ืงื“ ืขื•ืŸ ืื‘ื•ืช". ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื "ืคื•ืงื“ ืขื•ืŸ ืื‘ื•ืช" ืžืกืžืœื•ืช ืืช ืกื™ื•ื ื™"ื’ ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช. 'ื ื•ืฆืจ ื—ืกื“' ืฉื™ื™ืš ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืืœ ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื™ ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืขืฉื™, ืืœ ื”ื”ืžืฉื›ื”, ืืœ ื™"ื’ ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช. 'ืขื•ืฉื” ื—ืกื“', ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืฉื™ื™ืš ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืขืฉื™.
ื›ืืŸ ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ื’ื ื”ื”ื‘ื—ื ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืกืคื™ืจื•ืช:
"ื•ื”ื ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืื‘ืจื”ื ื‘ืขื•ืฉื” ื—ืกื“... ื”ืžืฉื›ื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืžื–' ืฉืžื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ื ืžื—ืงื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืž"ื˜ ื™ืžื™ ื”ืกืคื™ืจื”... ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื ื•ืฆืจ ื—ืกื“, ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืžืฉื”, ื”ื•ื ื‘ืฉืขืจ ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื›ืชืจ, ืชืจ"ืš ืขืžื•ื“ื™ ืื•ืจ. ื›ืžื• ืขืžื•ื“ ืฉืžื—ื‘ืจ ืžืขืœื” ื•ืžื˜ื”" 14 .

ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ื›ืœืคื™ ืžื” ืฉืืžืจ ืœืขื™ืœ. ืฉื‘ืขืช ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืกืคื™ืจืช ื”ืขื•ืžืจ, ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ื›ื ื’ื“ ื–' ื”ืฉืžื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ื ื ืžื—ืงื™ื ื”ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ื›ื ื’ื“ ืฉื‘ืข ื”ืกืคื™ืจื•ืช. ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื•ืชืฉืข ื™ืžื™ ื”ืกืคื™ืจื” ืžืกืžืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ ื•ื”ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ. ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืื•ืช ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื—ืกื“ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื™ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžื–ื•ื”ื” ืžื™ื“ืชื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืขื ืžื™ื“ืช 'ืขื•ืฉื” ื—ืกื“', ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจืช ืขืœ ื”ื—ืกื“ ืฉื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื™. ืžื™ื“ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ืžื–ื•ื”ื” ืขื ื“ืจื’ืช ื”ื›ืชืจ ืฉืขื ื”ื™ื•ืชื” ืœืžืขืœื” ืžื›ืœ ื”ื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ืกื‘ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื”ืžืชื•ื•ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื•ื— ื”ื—ื™ื” ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื•ืคื ื™ื. ื“ืจื’ืช ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื–ื• ื”ืชื‘ืืจื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืื“ืžื•"ืจ ื”ื–ืงืŸ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ:
"ื•ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ื ื” ื™ื“ื•ืข ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืื ื”ื›ืชืจ ื ืžื ื” ืžื›ืœืœ ืขืฉืจ ืกืคื™ืจื•ืช ืื• ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื›ืœืœ, ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื ื‘ืคืจื“ืก ืฉืขืจ ื’' ืฉื™ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉืจืฆื• ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ื”ื™' ืกืคื™ืจื•ืช ื›ืœืœ ืจืง ื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืืจืช ืื•ืจ ืื™ืŸ-ืกื•ืฃ ื›ื•'. ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉื—ืœืงื• ืขืœ ื–ื” ื•ืืžืจื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื›ืœืœ ื”ืขืฉืจ ืกืคื™ืจื•ืช. ื•ื”ืืจ"ื™ ื–"ืœ ื”ื›ืจื™ืข (ื‘ืข"ื— ืฉืขืจ ืž"ื ืค"ื’) ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืืฆื™ืœ ืœื ืืฆืœื™ื ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืชื—ืชื•ื ื” ืฉื‘ืื™ืŸ ืกื•ืฃ... ื•ื–ื• ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื”ืืฆื™ืœื” ืืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื”ื‘' ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉืจืฉ ื›ืœ ื™' ืกืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืืฆืœื™ื ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืขืœื ื•ื“ืงื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœ... ื•ื‘' ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช ืืœื• ื™ื—ื“ ื ืงืจืื™ื ื›ืชืจ ื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื›ื•' ื™ืขื•"ืฉ" 15 .

ื”ืจื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืคื•ืจืฉื™ื, ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื›ืชืจ ื‘ืขืฆืžื” ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืืช ืฉืชื™ ื”ื“ืจื’ื•ืช, ื”ืื—ืช ื ื•ื’ืขืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื ื‘ื“ืœ ืฉืœืžืขืœื” ืžื›ืœ ื—ืœื•ืงื” ื•ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืžืขืœื” ื•ืžื˜ื”, ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ื ื•ืฉืงืช ืืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ ื•ื”ืžืกื•ื“ืจ, ืขื•ืœื ื”ืกืคื™ืจื•ืช. ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืžื™ื“ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ื”ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ื•ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืžืขื‘ืจ ืืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”. ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื‘ืงื˜ืข ื–ื” ื—ื•ืชื ืื“ืžื•"ืจ ื”ื–ืงืŸ ื‘ื–ื™ืงื” ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืจื’ืช ื”ื›ืชืจ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืจ"ืš ืขืžื•ื“ื™ ื”ืื•ืจ, ื”ืจื•ืžื–ื™ื ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืžืขืœื” ื•ืžื˜ื”. ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื”ืกืžืœื™ืช ืื•ืชื” ื ื˜ืœ ืื“ืžื•"ืจ ื”ื–ืงืŸ ื”ื™ื ื”ืขืžื•ื“, ื–ื” ื”ืžื•ืฆื‘ ืืจืฆื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ืขื•ืœื ื”ืื•ืคื ื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื’ื“ืจื™ื, ื•ืจืืฉื• ืžื’ื™ืข ื”ืฉืžื™ืžื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉื›ืœ ื›ื•ืœื• ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื’ืžื•ืจื” ืžื›ืœ ื”ื’ื“ืจื”, ื”ืจื•ื— ื”ื—ื™ื” ื‘ืื•ืคื ื™ื.


ื”ืืจืฅ ืขืœ ืžื” ืขื•ืžื“ืช?
ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื–ื” ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ืื“ืžื•"ืจ ื”ื–ืงืŸ ื‘ืกืžืœ ื”ืขืžื•ื“, ื”ืจื™ื”ื• ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืจืžื™ื–ื” ืœื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืžืืžืจ ื•ืœื–ื™ืงืชื• ืœืžืขืžื“ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื• ื ืืžืจ. ืืžืจื• ื—ื–"ืœ:
"ืชื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกื™ ืื•ืžืจ, ืื•ื™ ืœื”ื ืœื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืจื•ืื•ืช ื•ืื™ื ืŸ ื™ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืžื” ืจื•ืื•ืช, ืขื•ืžื“ื•ืช ื•ืื™ืŸ ื™ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืขืœ ืžื” ื”ืŸ ืขื•ืžื“ื•ืช. ื”ืืจืฅ ืขืœ ืžื” ืขื•ืžื“ืช? ืขืœ ื”ืขืžื•ื“ื™ื, ืฉื ืืžืจ ื”ืžืจื’ื™ื– ืืจืฅ ืžืžืงื•ืžื” ื•ืขืžื•ื“ื™ื” ื™ืชืคืœืฆื•ืŸ... ืจื‘ื™ ืืœืขื–ืจ ื‘ืŸ ืฉืžื•ืข ืื•ืžืจ ืขืœ ืขืžื•ื“ ืื—ื“ ื•ืฆื“ื™ืง ืฉืžื•, ืฉื ืืžืจ ื•ืฆื“ื™ืง ื™ืกื•ื“ ืขื•ืœื" 16 .

ืžืฉื” ื”ื•ื ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ืฃ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ื•ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืฉืœ ื“ืžื•ืช ื”ืฆื“ื™ืง. ื”ื•ื ื”ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืืจืฅ, ื”ื•ื ื”ืขืžื•ื“, ื”ื•ื ื™ืกื•ื“ ืขื•ืœื. ืจื‘ื•ืช ื ืืžืจ ื•ื ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ื”ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช ืขืœ ื“ืจื’ืช ื”ืฆื“ื™ืง, ื”ืงื• ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžื•ืคืฉื˜ ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื™. ืœื ื–ื• ืืฃ ื–ื•, ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ื”ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช ื–ื•ื”ืชื” ื“ืจื’ืช ื”ืฆื“ื™ืง ื”ื–ื• ืขื ื”ืฆื“ื™ืง ืฉื‘ืขื“ืชื•, ื”ืฆื“ื™ืง ื”ื—ื™, ื”ืฆื“ื™ืง ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’, ื”ืฆื“ื™ืง ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื“ื•ืจ ื•ื“ื•ืจ.
ืžื›ืืŸ ื™ืชื‘ืจืจ ื”ืžืฉื›ื• ืฉืœ ืžืืžืจ "ืžืจืื™ื”ื ื•ืžืขืฉื™ื”ื" ื›ื”ืžืฉืš ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืืžื•ืจ:
"ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื’ื ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื”, ื™ืฆื™ืจื”, ืขืฉื™ื”, ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ื”ื ืคืจื“ื™ื, ืžืฉื ื™ืคืจื“ ื›ื•'. ืžืฉื” ืฉืคื™ืจ ืงืืžืจืช. ืจื‘ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืžืฉื”... ื•ื›ืœ ืจืืฉื™ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืŸ ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืžืฉื” ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืžืฉื™ืš..." 17 .

ื”ืžื™ืœื” "ื•ืœื›ืŸ" ื”ืคื•ืชื—ืช ืืช ื”ืงื˜ืข ื”ืžืฆื•ื˜ื˜ ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืžืืžืจ, ืžื—ื–ื™ืจื” ืื•ืชื ื• ืœืจืืฉ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื. ืจืง ืžื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืจื•ื— ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ืืช ื”ืจื•ื— ื”ื—ื™ื” ืฉื‘ืื•ืคื ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ืžื›ื•ืœื ื•ื’ื ืœืžืขืœื” ืžื›ื•ืœื. ืจืง ืžื™ ืฉื—ื™ืœื•ืงื™ ืžืขืœื” ื•ืžื˜ื” ืื™ื ื ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจื• ื—ืกืจื•ืŸ ืื• ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ, ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื ื™ืข ืืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื™ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ื›ื•. ื“ืžื•ืช ื”ืื“ื ืฉืขืœ ื”ืžืจื›ื‘ื”, ื”ื™ื ืฉืžืขื ื™ืงื” ื—ื™ื•ึผืช ืœื—ื™ื•ึนืช ืฉื‘ืžืจื›ื‘ื”. ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื” ื“ืžื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ืื‘ืช ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื” ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœ ื”ืจื•ื— ื”ื—ื™ื” ืฉื‘ืื•ืคื ื™ื, ืœื›ืŸ (ื•ื‘ื“ื’ืฉ ืขืœ ื”'ืœื›ืŸ') ื”ื™ื” ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื”ื ื—ื™ืœ ืืช ืชื•ืจืชื• ืœื›ืœ ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื›ื•ืœื. ื‘ืืจื‘ืข ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ืฉ"ืก ืžื‘ื™ืื” ื”ื’ืžืจื ื”ืกื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉืžื• ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื, ื•ืžื™ื“ ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืžื›ื ื” ืื•ืชื• ืจื‘ ืกืคืจื ื‘ื›ื™ื ื•ื™ ืžืฉื” ื•ืื•ืžืจ "ืžืฉื” ืฉืคื™ืจ ืงืืžืจืช", ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืกื‘ืจื• ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื ื”ื•ื ื”ืกื‘ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘. ื›ื™ื ื•ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื ื‘ืฉื ืžืฉื”, ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืืช ื”ืงื• ื‘ื• ื”ื•ืœืš ืื“ืžื•"ืจ ื”ื–ืงืŸ. ื“ืžื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจืช ืืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ื™ื ืฉื ืžื–ื’ืช ื‘ื›ื•ื— ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื•, ืœืจืืฉื™ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื“ื•ืจ ื•ื“ื•ืจ. ืžืฉื” ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืžืฉื™ืš ื•ืžื›ื•ื— ื”ืžืฉื›ื” ื–ื•, ื ืžืฉื›ืช ืžื™ื“ื” ื–ื•, ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืฆื“ื™ืง, ืœืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื“ื•ืจ ื•ื“ื•ืจ. ื ืžืฆื ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœื ืคื•ืกืง ืžืชื ื•ืขืชื• ืœืขื•ืœืžื™ื, ื”ื•ื ืžืžืฉื™ืš ื•ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืืช ื”ืจื•ื— ื”ื—ื™ื” ืฉื‘ืื•ืคื ื™ื ื•ื–ืืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืžืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืชื ืืช ื“ืžื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื•, ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ.
ื™ืื” ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืืžืจ ืœืžืขืžื“ ื”ืžืฉื›ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉืœืฉืœืช. ื ืจืื” ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช ื‘ื” ืจืฆื• ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืœื™ื™ื—ืก ืืช ืขืฆืžื ืื—ืจื™ ืžืฉื” ืฉื‘ื“ื•ืจ ืฉืœืคื ื™ื”ื, ื ืงื˜ื• ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื–ื” ื”ืžืืžืจ. ื™ื•ื ืงื™ื ื”ื ืžื•ืจื™ ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืžื›ื•ื—ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœืคื ื™ื”ื ื•ืืฃ ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื ืง ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื• ืžืฉืœืคื ื™ื• ื•ืžืฉืœืคื ื™ ืคื ื™ื•, ืขื“ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ื”"ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”' ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื›ื" 18 .
ื•ืื›ืŸ, ื ืจืื” ืฉื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืื“ืžื•"ืจ ื”ื–ืงืŸ ืืœ ืžื•ืจื• ื•ืจื‘ื• ื”ืžื’ื™ื“ ืžืžื–ืจื™ื˜ืฉ:
"ืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื“ ื›"ืง ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ื–ืงืŸ ื”ืื˜ ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ: ืืœืข ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืฉ"ื˜, ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืžื’ื™ื“, ื ืืจ ื“ืขืจ ืกืคืง ืื™ื– ืฆื™ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืขืฉ"ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™, ืžื™ืจ ื“ืืจืคืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืกืขืŸ, ืื– ืื ื–ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™.
ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื ื”ืื‘ืขืŸ ื“ืืŸ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ื™ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืจื‘ื™'ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื ื›ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”' ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื›ื, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืขื–ืจื™ื˜ืฉืขืจ ืžื’ื™ื“" 19 .

ื•ื‘ืชืจื’ื•ื:
ื•ื”ื•ื“ ื›"ืง ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ื–ืงืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ: ื›ื•ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืขืฉ"ื˜, ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืžื’ื™ื“, ืจืง ื”ืกืคืง ื”ื•ื ืื ื”ื•ื ื–ื” ื”ื•ื, ื”ื‘ืขืฉ"ื˜ ื”ื•ื ื”ืจื‘ื™, ืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื“ืขืช, ืฉื”ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื•ื ื”ืจื‘ื™.
ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืื– ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช, ื‘ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื‘ืจื‘ื™ ืืช ืื ื›ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”' ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื›ื, ื‘ืžื’ื™ื“ ืžืžื–ืจื™ื˜ืฉ.
ื”ืจื™ ืœืคื ื™ื ื• ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘, ื—ื’ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช, ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื”, ืื“ืžื•"ืจ ื”ื–ืงืŸ ื‘ืžื—ื™ืฆืช ื”ืžื’ื™ื“ ืžืžื–ืจื™ื˜ืฉ, ื”ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ื”ื—ื–ืงื” ืฉื”ืžื’ื™ื“ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื•, ื”ื•ื ื”ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”' ื•ื‘ื™ื ื, ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืืช ื“ืžื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื•.






^ 1.ื”ื•ืกืคื•ืช-ืืžืจื•ืช ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืฉื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืกืคืจ ืžื’ื™ื“ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืœื™ืขืงื‘, ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืงื”"ืช, ืื•ืช ืขื”, ืขืž' 64. ืจืื” ืขื•ื“ ืฉื ืื•ืช ืขื“; ื”ื•ืกืคื•ืช-ืชื•ืจื•ืช ื•ืคืชื’ืžื™ ื”ื”"ืž ืฉื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืกืคืจ ืžื’ื™ื“ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืœื™ืขืงื‘ ื‘ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืงื”"ืช ืื•ืช ืก, ืขืž' 30; ื”ืชืžื™ื, ื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ื‘ ื“ืฃ ืžื– ืข"ื; ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ื, ื™"ื— ืฉื‘ื˜; ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืงื•ื“ืฉ, ืชืฉืœ"ื‘ ื›ืจืš ื‘, ืขืž' 182; ื•ืข"ืข ื‘ื™ืช ืจื‘ื™, ืขืž' ืœื ื‘ื”ืขืจื”; ืฉืขืจื™ ื”ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื, ื—ื’ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืื•ืช ืคื‘ ื”ืขืจื” 30.
^ 2.ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืงื•ื“ืฉ, ืชืฉืœ"ื‘ ื›ืจืš ื‘, ืขืž' 182; ื•ืข"ืข ื‘ื™ืช ืจื‘ื™, ืขืž' ืœื ื‘ื”ืขืจื”.
^ 3.ืชื•ืจื” ืื•ืจ, ื™ืชืจื•, ืกื˜ ืข"ื‘.
^ 4.ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ, ื ืคืก' ื™.
^ 5.ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ, ื ืคืก' ื›ื•.
^ 6.ืชื•ืจื” ืื•ืจ, ื™ืชืจื•, ืกื˜ ืข"ื‘.
^ 7.ืชื•ืจื” ืื•ืจ, ื™ืชืจื•, ืกื˜ ืข"ื‘.
^ 8.ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื”' ืคืก ื”.
^ 9.ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื, ื— ืคืก' ื•.
^ 10.ื•ื™ืง"ืจ, ื›ื• ืคืกืงื” ื‘.
^ 11.ืฉืžื•ืช, ืœื“ ืคืก' ื•-ื–.
^ 12.ืฉืžื•ืช, ื› ืคืก' ื”-ื•.
^ 13.ืชื•ืจื” ืื•ืจ, ื™ืชืจื• ืกื˜ ืข"ื‘ - ืกื˜ ืข"ื’.
^ 14.ืชื•ืจื” ืื•ืจ, ื™ืชืจื• ืกื˜ ืข"ื’.
^ 15.ืœื™ืงื•ื˜ื™ ืชื•ืจื”, ื‘ื—ื•ืงื•ืชื™ ืžื• ืข"ื’.
^ 16.ื—ื’ื™ื’ื”, ื™ื‘ ืข"ื‘.
^ 17.ืชื•ืจื” ืื•ืจ, ืกื˜ ืข"ื’.
^ 18.ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื”' ืคืก' ื”.
^ 19.ื”ื•ืกืคื•ืช-ืืžืจื•ืช ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืฉื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืกืคืจ ืžื’ื™ื“ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืœื™ืขืงื‘, ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืงื”"ืช, ืื•ืช ืฆื‘ ืขืž' 72.
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
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