ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืžื“ื•ืจื™ื
  • ืžืขื™ื™ื ื•ืชื™ืš
  • ื›ืกืœื™ื•
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
  • ื”ืœื›ื” ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื•ืžื•ืกืจ
  • ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช
  • ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื‘ืืžื•ื ื”
undefined
13 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”

ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืœืขื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืฉืžืช

ืกืขื•ื“ ื‘ืŸ ืจื–ืœื”

ื. ืœืงืจืืช ื—ื’ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื™"ื˜ ื‘ื›ืกืœื•, ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื” "ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ืœื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช", ื ืชืขื›ื‘ ืขืœ ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื”' ืฉื”ื™ื ืื—ืช ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ื”ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช.
ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืฉืœืคื ื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืื•ืœื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืœื“ืจืš ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉื“ืจืฉื• ืื“ืžื•"ืจื™ ื—ื‘"ื“ ืฉ"ื”ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช ื™ื‘ื™ื ื• ื›ืžื• ืฉืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืขื ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื’ืœื” (ื’ืžืจื)".
ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช, ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ืžื•ืฉืœื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ืืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื”ื•ื "ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช" โ€“ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœื›ืœ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื ื‘ืจื, ื•ื–ื”ื• ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœื ืฉืœ ื”ื ื‘ืจืื™ื ืœืฉื "ื”ื•ื™'ื”". ืžื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืฉื "ืืœื•ืงื™ื", ื”ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœ ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื”ืฆืžืฆื•ื ืฉื‘ืืœื•ืงื•ืช, ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื ื‘ืจืื™ื ื”ื•ื "ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ื™ืฉ" ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื™ืฉื ื” ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœ "ื™ืฉ" ืืœื ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื›ื ื™ืขื” ื•ืžื‘ื˜ืœืช ืขืฆืžื” ืœืžืงื•ืจื”, ื”ืงื‘"ื”.
ื•ืฉืชื™ ื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืืœื• ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืฉื ื™ ืื•ืคื ื™ ื”ื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืžืฉื ื™ ืฉืžื•ืช ืืœื•: ื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืช "ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžืžื™ืœื" ื•ื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืช "ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืชืœื‘ืฉื•ืช". ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื”ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื: ื”ืคืกื•ืง ื‘ื• ืคื•ืชื—ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” โ€“ "ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื‘ืจื ืืœื•ืงื™ื ". ืคืกื•ืง ื–ื” ืžืชืืจ ืืช ื”ื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืช ื›ืคืขื•ืœื” ื”ื ืขืฉื™ืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืชืขืกืงื•ืช. ื”ืงื‘"ื” "ื‘ืจื" ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื”ื•ื ื”ืชืขืกืง ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืืชื• ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ; ื•ื™ืฉื ื• ืคืกื•ืง ื”ืžืชืืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื›ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื ืขืฉื” ืœืœื ื”ืชืขืกืงื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืืœื ื›ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžืžื™ืœื: "ื™ื”ืœืœื• ืืช ืฉื ื”ื•ื™' ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืฆื•ื” ื•ื ื‘ืจืื• " 1 , "ื”ื•ื ืฆื™ื•ื•ื”" โ€“ ื•ื”ื "ื ื‘ืจืื•" ืžืžื™ืœื 2 .
ื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืช "ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืชืœื‘ืฉื•ืช" ืžื•ืจื”, ืฉื”ื ื‘ืจื ื”ืžืชื”ื•ื•ื” ืชื•ืคืก ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื›ื•ื— ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ ื”ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืื•ืชื•. ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืชืœื‘ืฉ ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืช ื”ื ื‘ืจื โ€“ ื”ื•ื ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื” ื–ื• ื•ื”ื™ื ืชื•ืคืกืช ืžืงื•ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ื•. ื›ื™ ืื ื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืช ื”ื ื‘ืจื ืื™ื ื” ืชื•ืคืกืช ืžืงื•ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื›ื•ื—, ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ื•ื ืžืชืขืกืง ื‘ื›ืš? ืื ื›ืŸ ืขืฆื ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” "ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืชืœื‘ืฉื•ืช" ืžืœืžื“ืช, ืฉืœืคืขื•ืœื” ื™ืฉ ืขืจืš ื•ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื›ื•ื— ื”ืคื•ืขืœ 3 . ื–ื”ื• ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ "ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ื™ืฉ" ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”: ืœื ื‘ืจื ื™ืฉ ื™ืฉื•ืช ื•ืขืจืš ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœื• ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช "ื™ืฉ" ื”ื‘ื˜ืœื” ื›ืœืคื™ ืžืงื•ืจื” 4 .
ื›ืœื•ืžืจ: ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื“ืจื’ื” ื–ื•, ื’ื ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืื“ื ืœื•ืžื“ ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืชื ื™ื ื‘ืฉืขืจ ื”ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื•ื”ืืžื•ื ื”, ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืชื—ื“ืฉ ื›ืœ ื”ืขืช ืžื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ ื”ืžื”ื•ื•ื”, ื•ื”ื•ื ืืฃ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืืžืช ื”ืœื–ื• ื‘ืžื•ื—ื• ื•ืœื™ื‘ื•, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืฉื•ื ืชืคื™ืกืช ืžืงื•ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ืžื”ื•ื•ื”. ืืžื ื ืœื ื‘ืจื ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืขืฆืžืื™ืช ื•ื›ืœ ืงื™ื•ืžื• ื”ื•ื ืจืง ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ืžื”ื•ื•ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืœื ื‘ืจื ื”ืžืชื”ื•ื•ื” ืžื”ื›ื•ื— ืื™ืŸ ืขืจืš ื•ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช. ืื“ืจื‘ื”, ื”ื›ื•ื— ืขืฆืžื• ื ื•ืชืŸ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืขืจืš ืœื ื‘ืจื. ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื–ื” ื‘ืžืฉืœ ื–ืจื™ืงืช ื”ืื‘ืŸ 5 : ื”ืื‘ืŸ ืžืฆื“ ืขืฆืžื” ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื” ืœืขื•ืฃ ืžืœืžื˜ื” ืœืžืขืœื”, ืื ื›ืŸ ืคืขื•ืœืช ื”ื–ืจื™ืงื” ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกืช ืืš ื•ืจืง ืœื›ื•ื— ื”ื–ื•ืจืง; ืื•ืœื ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืœืคืขื•ืœืช ื”ื–ืจื™ืงื” ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืชืคื™ืกืช ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื›ื•ื— ื”ื–ื•ืจืง. ืื“ืจื‘ื”, ื›ืœ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื— ื”ื–ืจื™ืงื” ื”ื•ื ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืืช ืคืขื•ืœืช ื”ื–ืจื™ืงื”. ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœืคืขื•ืœืช ื”ื–ืจื™ืงื” ื™ืฉ ืขืจืš ื•ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื›ื•ื— ื–ื”.
ืžื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืŸ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืช ื ืขืฉื™ืช "ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžืžื™ืœื", ืฉืœื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืชืœื‘ืฉื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื”, ื–ืืช ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ืื™ื ื” ืชื•ืคืกืช ืžืงื•ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ื•. ื”ื›ื•ื— ืžืจื•ืžื ื•ืžื•ืคืœื ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืช, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืžืชืขืกืง ื‘ื•. ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื›ื•ื— ืžื•ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ืขืจืš ืžื”ื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืช ื•ืžื”ืžืชื”ื•ื•ื” โ€“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื ื‘ืจื ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื›ื•ื— ื–ื” ื”ื•ื "ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช", "ื›ื•ืœื ืงืžื™ื” ื›ืœื ื—ืฉื™ื‘" 6 .
ื•ืžื‘ื•ืืจ 7 , ืฉืฉื ื™ ืื•ืคื ื™ ื”ื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืฉื ื™ ื”ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื–ื›ืจื™ื ื‘ืคืกื•ืงื™ื: ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ื”ืžืชืืจ ืืช ื”ื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืช "ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืชืœื‘ืฉื•ืช" ืžื•ื–ื›ืจ ืฉื ืืœื•ืงื™ื, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ื–ื• ืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ืœืฉื ืืœื•ืงื™ื ื“ื•ื•ืงื. ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืฉื ืืœื•ืงื™ื, ื”ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœ ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื”ืฆืžืฆื•ื ืฉื‘ืืœื•ืงื•ืช, ื”ืขื•ืœื ืชื•ืคืก ืžืงื•ื ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืช ืžืžื ื• ื”ื™ื "ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืชืœื‘ืฉื•ืช"; ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ื”ืžืชืืจ ืืช ื”ื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืช "ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžืžื™ืœื" ืžื•ื–ื›ืจ ืฉื ื”ื•ื™', ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืฉื ื–ื” ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืืœื•ืงื•ืช ืฉืœืžืขืœื” ืžื”ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื•ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื ื‘ืจืื™ื, ื•ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื“ืจื’ื” ื–ื• "ื›ื•ืœื ืงืžื™ื” ื›ืœื ื—ืฉื™ื‘", ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืช ืžื“ืจื’ื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื "ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžืžื™ืœื".

ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื™ืœื” ื•ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื›ื•ื— ื•ืคื•ืขืœ
ื‘. ืขื“ ื›ืืŸ ืชืžืฆื™ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื•ืกื‘ืจ ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื”. ืœืคื™ ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื–ื”, ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืช ืžืœืžื“ ืขืœ ื“ืจื’ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื ื‘ืจื: ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืช ื”ื™ื "ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžืžื™ืœื" ื–ืืช ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉื”ื ื‘ืจื ื‘ื˜ืœ ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ืžื”ื•ื•ื”; ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืช ื”ื™ื "ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืชืœื‘ืฉื•ืช" ื–ืืช ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœื• ืฉืœ ื”ื ื‘ืจื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื”ื•ื "ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ื™ืฉ" ื‘ืœื‘ื“.
ืืžื ื ื”ืจื‘ื™ ื–ื™"ืข ื‘ืื—ื“ ื”ืžืืžืจื™ื 8 , ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ืžืืžืจื• ืฉืœ ื›"ืง ืื“ืžื•"ืจ ืžื•ื”ืจืฉ"ื‘ ื "ืข 9 , ื‘ื™ืืจ ืืช ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื•ื ื” ื•ืขืžื•ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ.
ืœืคื™ ืžื” ืฉืขื•ืœื” ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจื‘ื™, ืœื ืจืง ืฉื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืช "ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžืžื™ืœื" ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœ "ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช" ื•ื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืช "ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืชืœื‘ืฉื•ืช" ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœ "ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ื™ืฉ", ืืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืš: ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ืื•ืคื ื™ ื”ื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื–ื” ืฉื™ื•ืฆืจ ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื“ืจื’ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ. ื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืช "ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืชืœื‘ืฉื•ืช" ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืฉื”ื ื‘ืจื ื”ืžืชื”ื•ื•ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” "ื™ืฉ" ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœื• ื”ื•ื ืจืง "ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ื™ืฉ"; ื•ื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืช "ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžืžื™ืœื" ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืฉื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœื• ืฉืœ ื”ื ื‘ืจื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜, "ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช".
ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื‘ื–ื”: ื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืช "ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืชืœื‘ืฉื•ืช" ืžืฉืžืขื” ืฉื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ ืžืชื ืชืง ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ื•ื ื•ืžืชืขืกืง ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืคืขื•ืœืช ื”ื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืช. ื–ื• ื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืช ืฉืงืฉื•ืจื” ืขื ื”ืขืœืžืช ืžื”ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžื”ื•ื•ื”. ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื ื‘ืจื ืฉืžืชื”ื•ื•ื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช "ื™ืฉ", ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœื• ื”ื•ื "ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ื™ืฉ" ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ืžื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืŸ ื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืช "ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžืžื™ืœื" ืžืฉืžืขื” ืฉืคืขื•ืœืช ื”ื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืช ื ืขืฉื™ืช ืžื”ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื“ืจื’ืชื• ืœืœื ืฉื•ื ื”ืกืชืจื”. ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ืžืชื”ื•ื•ื” ื ืจื’ืฉ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืขืฆื•ื, "ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช".
ืœื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืžื•ื‘ืื•ืช ื‘ืžืืžืจ ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืœืฉื ื™ ืื•ืคื ื™ ื”ื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืช. ืœื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืช "ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžืžื™ืœื", ื‘ื” ื”ืžืชื”ื•ื•ื” ื”ื•ื "ื‘ืงื™ืจื•ื‘" ืœืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื•ื‘ื˜ืœ ืืœื™ื•, ืžื‘ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืชื™ ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช 10 . ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืื—ืช ืžืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืžืฆืืช ื”ืื•ืจ ืžื”ืžืื•ืจ. ื•ื›ืžื• ืื•ืจ ื”ืฉืžืฉ, ืฉื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืชื• ืžื”ืฉืžืฉ ื”ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžืžื™ืœื ืœืœื ื”ืชืขืกืงื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช. ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ื‘"ืงื™ืจื•ื‘" ืœืžืื•ืจ โ€“ ื ืจื’ืฉ ื‘ื• ื”ืžืื•ืจ ืขื“ ืฉื›ืœ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืืš ื•ืจืง ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ืžืื•ืจ [ื“ืจืš ืื’ื‘, ื–ื”ื• ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื”ืฉื’ื•ืจ ื‘ืžืืžืจื™ ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉ"ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืžืขื™ืŸ ื”ืžืื•ืจ" โ€“ ื”ื™ื•ืช ื•ื›ืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื• ื”ื•ื ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื•ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืžืงื•ืจื•, ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืžืื•ืจ ื•ืžื’ืœื” ืืช ืขื ื™ื™ื ื•].
ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืžื”ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื™ืœื” ืœืขืœื•ืœ. ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืœ ื•ืžื™ื“ื•ืช, ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืœื™ืช, ื”ืขื™ืœื”, ื‘ืื” ืžืžื™ืœื ื”ืžื™ื“ื”, ื”ืขืœื•ืœ, ืฉื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช. ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืื“ื ืžืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ืงืจื‘ืช ื”' ืืœื™ื•, ื”ื•ื ืžืชืขื•ืจืจ "ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžืžื™ืœื" ื‘ืื”ื‘ื” ืœื”'; ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืžืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืžืžื•ืชื• ื•ืขืœื™ื•ื ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” โ€“ ื”ื•ื ืžืชืขื•ืจืจ "ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžืžื™ืœื" ื‘ื™ืจืื” ืžืžื ื•.
ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื ืขืฉื™ืช "ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžืžื™ืœื", ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช "ืงื™ืจื•ื‘" ืืœ ื”ืฉื›ืœ: ื‘ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื ืจื’ืฉ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืžื•ืœื™ื“ ืื•ืชื. ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ืžื•ืจื’ืฉ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ืขื™ืœื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืืœื•ืงื•ืช ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื ื‘ืฉื›ืœ, ื•ื”ื ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ืœืžืฉื™ื›ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื•ื”ืื”ื‘ื”; ื•ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื™ืจืื” ืžื•ืจื’ืฉ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืจื•ืžืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืืœื•ืงื•ืช, ื”ื ืชืคืกื™ื ื‘ืฉื›ืœ, ืฉื”ื ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ืœื™ืจืื”.
ืฉืชื™ ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืืœื• ืžื‘ืืจื•ืช ืืช ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”"ืงื™ืจื•ื‘" ื”ื ืขืฉื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืช "ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžืžื™ืœื".
ืืžื ื ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืœื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืช ื‘"ื“ืจืš ื”ืชืœื‘ืฉื•ืช" ื”ื™ื ืžื›ื•ื— ื•ืคื•ืขืœ (ืคืขื•ืœื”). ื•ื›ืžื• ื›ื•ื— ื”ื–ืจื™ืงื” ืฉื‘ื™ื“ ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ืืช ื–ืจื™ืงืช ื”ืื‘ืŸ ืžืœืžื˜ื” ืœืžืขืœื” ื”ื™ืคืš ื˜ื‘ืขื” โ€“ ื›ืืŸ ื”ื›ื•ื— ืื™ื ื• ืคื•ืขืœ "ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžืžื™ืœื", ืืœื ื”ื•ื ืžืชืขืกืง ื•ืžืชืœื‘ืฉ ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื”. ื”ื›ื•ื— ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฆืืช ืžืžืงื•ืจื•, ื”ื™ื“, ื•ืœื”ืชืœื‘ืฉ ื‘ืื‘ืŸ ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ืช ื•ืจืง ื›ืš ื”ื™ื ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืขื•ืฃ. ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช "ืจื™ื—ื•ืง" ืžื”ื›ื•ื—: ืชื•ื›ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ืื™ื ื• ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ื ืคืฉื™ ืืœื ื™ืฉ ืœื” ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืขืฆืžื™ ืžืฉืœื”.
ื•ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ื–ื” ืœืžืขืœื”: ื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืช "ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžืžื™ืœื" ื”ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืžื”ื•ื•ื”. ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื ื‘ืจื ื”ื•ื "ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช" ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืจื’ืฉ ื‘ื• ืžืงื•ืจื•; ืžื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืŸ ื‘ื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืช "ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืชืœื‘ืฉื•ืช" ืฉื”ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืชืขืœืžื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืžื”ื•ื•ื”, ื”ื ื‘ืจื ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื™ืฉ ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœื• ื”ื•ื "ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ื™ืฉ" ื‘ืœื‘ื“.

"ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžืžื™ืœื" โ€“ ื”ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืžืชื’ืœื”
ื’. ืœื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื”ืชืขืžืง ืžืขื˜ ื‘ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ื”ื "ืœ ืฉื”ื•ื‘ืื• ื‘ืžืืžืจ ืœื”ืกื‘ืจืช ืฉื ื™ ืื•ืคื ื™ ื”ื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืช.
ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ, ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช ื”ืขืœื•ืœ ืžื”ืขื™ืœื” ื›"ื“ืจืš ื”ืชืœื‘ืฉื•ืช". ื•ื›ืžื• ื‘ื”ืฉืคืขืช ื”ืฉื›ืœ ืœืžื™ื“ื•ืช, ืฉื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ืฉื›ืœ ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขื•ืจืจ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช, ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ืฆื˜ืžืฆื ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื•ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืช "ืžื™ืฆืจ ื”ื’ืจื•ืŸ", ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœื” ื”ืžืคืกื™ืงื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื— ืœืœื‘, ื•ืจืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืœื‘ืฉ ื‘ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื•ืœืขื•ืจืจืŸ. ื•ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ื”ืฉืคืขืช ื”ืจื‘ ืœืชืœืžื™ื“: ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ ื ืขืฉื™ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื”ืจื‘ ืžืชืขืกืง ื•ืžืชืœื‘ืฉ ื‘ืคืขื•ืœืช ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื”. ื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฆืžืฆื ืืช ืฉื›ืœื• ื•ืœื”ืชืื™ืžื• ืœืจืžืช ื”ืฉื›ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“, ื•ืจืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ื™ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ. ื•ื›ืš ื’ื ื‘ื”ืฉืคืขืช ื”ืฉื›ืœ ืœืžื™ื“ื•ืช โ€“ ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื›ืœื™ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืจื’ืฉ ื‘ืœื‘, ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืฆืžืฆื•ืžื• ื•ื”ื•ืจื“ืชื• ืœื“ืจื’ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช (ื‘ืฉื•ื ื” ืžื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืจ ืžื”ืžืื•ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื ื ืขืฉื™ืช "ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžืžื™ืœื" ืžืžืฉ โ€“ ืœืœื ืฉื•ื ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื•ื”ืชืœื‘ืฉื•ืช).
ืื•ืœื ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื–ื›ืจ ืงื•ื“ื, ื‘ืžืืžืจ ื–ื”, ื”ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื™ืœื” ืœืขืœื•ืœ ืžื•ื‘ื ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืœื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืช "ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžืžื™ืœื".
ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื‘ื–ื”: ืืžื ื ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืžืœืžื“ ืืช ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ ืžืชืขืกืง ื•ืžืชืœื‘ืฉ ื‘ื”ืฉืคืขื”, ืื•ืœื ื‘ืžื” ื”ื™ื ื”ื”ืชืขืกืงื•ืช? ื‘ืฉื›ืœ ืฉืœื• ืขืฆืžื•! ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ืฉื›ืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ืขืฆืžื• ืžืฉื›ื™ืœ, ื”ื•ื ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืœืชืœืžื™ื“. ืืœื ืฉื”ืฉื›ืœ ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืืฆืœื•, ื”ื•ื ืœืžืขืœื” ืžื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืฉื’ืช ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“; ื•ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืชืงื‘ืœ ื‘ื›ืœื™ ืฉื›ืœื• ืฉืœ ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“, ืขืœ ื”ืจื‘ ืœืฆืžืฆื ืืช ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื•ืœื”ืชืื™ืžื• ืœื“ืจื’ืช ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“. ืื‘ืœ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืฉื›ืœ ืื›ืŸ ื™ืจื“ ืœื“ืจื’ืชื• ื”ื ืžื•ื›ื”, ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื” ื ื•ืกืคืช, ืืœื ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืฉื›ืœ ืžืžื™ืœื! ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ ืžืฆื“ ืขืฆืžื• ื”ื•ื "ื›ืœื™" ืœื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ืฉื›ืœ; ื”ื”ืชืœื‘ืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืจืง ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ืฉื›ืœ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื“ืจื’ืชื•, ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืืช ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืจื‘ ืœื“ืจื’ื” ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืืš ืื—ืจื™ ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื–ื” โ€“ ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ "ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžืžื™ืœื".
ื•ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ื–ื” ื‘ื”ืฉืคืขืช ื”ืฉื›ืœ ืœืžื™ื“ื•ืช: ืืžื ื ื ื“ืจืฉืช ื”ืชืขืกืงื•ืช ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืืช ื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ืฉื›ืœ ืœื“ืจื’ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช โ€“ ื”ืื“ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ืžืกืงื ืช ื”ืฉื›ืœ, ื”ื ืงืจืืช ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช "ื‘ื›ืŸ", ื•ืœืฉื™ื™ืš ืืช ื”ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืœื™ืช ืœื“ืจื’ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช; ืื•ืœื ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืฉื›ืœ ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ืจื“ ืืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช โ€“ ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื™ืชืขื•ืจืจื• ืžืžื™ืœื. ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืŸ "ื›ืœื™" ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืฉื›ืœ, ืœื›ืŸ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืฉื›ืœ ืžืฆื•ืžืฆื ืœืคื™ ืขืจื›ืŸ, "ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžืžื™ืœื" ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ืขื™ืœื•ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื ื• ื‘ืฉื›ืœ, ื•ื”ืŸ ืžืชืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ืžืืœื™ื”ืŸ ืœืœื ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืฉื•ื ืคืขื•ืœื” ื ื•ืกืคืช. ื”"ื”ืชืœื‘ืฉื•ืช" ื•ื”ื”ืชืขืกืงื•ืช ื”ื ืœื ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชืชืขื•ืจืจ ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ืืœื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืฉื”ืœื‘ ื™ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ื ืชืคืก ื‘ืฉื›ืœ. ืืš ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžื•ืจื’ืฉ ื‘ืœื‘ โ€“ ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ืžืชืขื•ืจืจืช "ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžืžื™ืœื" (ื‘ืฉื•ื ื” ืžื›ื•ื— ื•ืคื•ืขืœ ืฉื ื”ื”ืชืœื‘ืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ืขืฆืžื”).
ืื ื›ืŸ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ืชืœื‘ืฉื•ืช ืฉื‘ืขื™ืœื” ื•ืขืœื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื ื”ืชืœื‘ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืœื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื—ืจ ืฉืžื—ื•ืฅ ืžืžื ื• ืืœื ื”ื”ืชืœื‘ืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืœื” ืขืฆืžื” โ€“ ื”ืขื™ืœื”, ื”ืฉื›ืœ, ื™ื•ืจื“ืช ืœื“ืจื’ื” ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ; ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื”ืฉืคืขืช ื”ืขื™ืœื” ื‘ืขืœื•ืœ โ€“ ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื”ืชืœื‘ืฉื•ืช, ืืœื ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื ืขืฉื™ืช "ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžืžื™ืœื" ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืœื” ื‘ืขืœื•ืœ (ืžื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืŸ ื‘ื›ื•ื— ื•ืคื•ืขืœ ื”ื”ืชืœื‘ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืคื•ืขืœ. ื”ื›ื•ื— ืขืฆืžื• ืžืชืขืœื ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืชืœื‘ืฉ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื—ืจ).
ืœืคื™ ื”ื‘ื ื” ื–ื•, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืฉืœ ืขื™ืœื” ื•ืขืœื•ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืฉืžืฉ ืžืฉืœ ืœื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืช "ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžืžื™ืœื": ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื’ื ื”ืฉืคืขืช ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื‘ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื ืขืฉื™ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืชื’ืœื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื‘ืžื™ื“ื•ืช, ืื ื›ืŸ ื–ื”ื• ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ "ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžืžื™ืœื" โ€“ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ืžืชื”ื•ื•ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืžื”ื•ื•ื”.
ืขืœ ืคื™ ื–ื” ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื’ื ืœืื™ื“ืš ื’ื™ืกื, ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื”ืžื•ื‘ืืช ื‘ืžืืžืจ ื–ื” ืœื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืช "ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืชืœื‘ืฉื•ืช" ื”ื™ื ืžื›ื•ื— ื•ืคื•ืขืœ ื“ื•ื•ืงื. ืœืคื™ ื”ื "ืœ, ืฉื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืช "ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžืžื™ืœื" ืขื ื™ื™ื ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืช ื”ื ืขืฉื™ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ืžืงื•ืจ, ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืฉื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืช "ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืชืœื‘ืฉื•ืช" ืขื ื™ื™ื ื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืœื”ื™ืคืš โ€“ ืœื”ื•ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืชื”ื•ื•ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืคืกืง ื•ื”ืขืœื ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืžื”ื•ื•ื”. ื•ืขืœ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžืฉืžืฉ ื”ืžืฉืœ ืžื›ื•ื— ื•ืคื•ืขืœ: ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชื™ืขืฉื” ื”ืคืขื•ืœื”, ื™ืฉื ื” ื”ืชืขืœืžื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืœื‘ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื•ื— ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื”. ื›ื•ื— ื”ื–ืจื™ืงื” ืฉื‘ื™ื“ ืžืฆื˜ืžืฆื ื•ืžืชืขืœื, ื•ืจืง ื›ืš ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื• ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืฉื”ืื‘ืŸ ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ืช ืชืขื•ืฃ ื›ืœืคื™ ืžืขืœื” ื”ื™ืคืš ื˜ื‘ืขื”.
ื•ื ืžืฆื, ืฉืขื ื™ื™ืŸ "ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžืžื™ืœื" ื•"ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืชืœื‘ืฉื•ืช" ืœืคื™ ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื: ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ื™ื—ืก ืฉืœ ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ืขื ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืžืžื ื• โ€“ ื”ืื ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื ืขืฉื™ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืจ, "ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžืžื™ืœื"; ืื• ืฉื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื ืขืฉื™ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื›ื•ื— ืžืชื ืชืง ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ื•ื ื•ืžืชืœื‘ืฉ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” โ€“ "ื“ืจืš ื”ืชืœื‘ืฉื•ืช".
ื•ื›ืš ื’ื ืœืžืขืœื”: ื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืช "ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžืžื™ืœื" ืžืฉืžืขื”, ืฉื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืœืœื ื”ืกืชืจ. ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืžืชื ืชืง ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ื•ืžืชืœื‘ืฉ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืช, ืืœื ื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืช ื”ื ื‘ืจื ื ืขืฉื™ืช ืžื”ืืœื•ืงื•ืช ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื; ืžื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืŸ ื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืช "ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืชืœื‘ืฉื•ืช" ืžืฉืžืขื”, ืฉื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ ืžืกืชืชืจ ื•ื”ื•ื "ืžืชืœื‘ืฉ" ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืช.
ืขืœ ืคื™ ื–ื” ืžื•ื‘ื ืช ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื”ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ืื•ืคื ื™ ื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืช ืืœื” ืœืฉื ื™ ื”ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ื•ื™' ื•ืืœื•ืงื™ื: ืฉื ื”ื•ื™' ืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื•ืฉื ืืœื•ืงื™ื ืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื•ื”ืกืชืจ, ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืฉืขืจ ื”ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื•ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ืคืจืง ื“'. ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืช ืžืฉื ื”ื•ื™' ื”ื™ื "ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžืžื™ืœื" ื”ื ืขืฉื™ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ืžื”ื•ื•ื”; ืžื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืŸ ื”ื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืช ืžืฉื ืืœื•ืงื™ื ื”ื™ื "ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืชืœื‘ืฉื•ืช" ืฉื”ื™ื ื ืขืฉื™ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืคืกืง ื•ื”ืขืœื ืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžื”ื•ื•ื”.

ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ื—ืœืงื™ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช
ื“. ืขืœ ืคื™ ื–ื” ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื’ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”"ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช" ื•"ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ื™ืฉ", ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืžืฉื ื™ ืื•ืคื ื™ ื”ื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืช, ืžืฉืชื ื” ืœืคื™ ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื–ื”:
ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ืคื•ืขืœ ืืช ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืชื ืชืง ืžื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื• ื•ืžืชืœื‘ืฉ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ("ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืชืœื‘ืฉื•ืช") โ€“ ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื” ืขืฆืžื” ืœื ื ืจื’ืฉ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื•ื—.
ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ืจืง ืžื’ืœื” ืฉื™ืฉื ื• ื›ื•ื— ืฉืคืขืœ ืืช ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” โ€“ ืื—ืจืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื™ื ื ืขืฉืชื”? ืื•ืœื ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื”ื•ื ื”ื›ืจื— ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ื”ืžื›ืจื™ื— ืฉื™ืฉื ื” ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื— ืฉืคืขืœ ืืช ื”ื–ืจื™ืงื”; ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื” ื•ืชื•ื›ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ืขืฆืžื” โ€“ ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ืขืฆืžื• ืื™ื ื• ืžื•ืจื’ืฉ. ื–ื”ื• ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื‘"ื“ืจืš ื”ืชืœื‘ืฉื•ืช" ื”ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ืœืžืงื‘ืœ, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืœืžืชื”ื•ื•ื”, ื”ื•ื ื™ื—ืก ืฉืœ "ืจื™ื—ื•ืง" โ€“ ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ืื™ื ื• ืžืชื’ืœื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ื•ื’ื“ืจื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืงื‘ืœ.
ืœื›ืŸ, ืื ื ืฆื™ื™ืจ ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ืื“ื ืฉืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืจืื” ืื‘ืŸ ื•ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจ ืืช ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื”, ื•ืœืคืชืข ื”ื•ื ื™ืจืื” ืื‘ืŸ ืขืคื” ื›ืœืคื™ ืžืขืœื” โ€“ ืœื ืžื•ืคืจืš ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื”ืื‘ืŸ ืขืคื” ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืขืฆืžื”, ื•ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ืฉืคืขืœ ืืช ื”ื–ืจื™ืงื”. ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื›ืš ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”: ื”ืงืฉืจ ืขื ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ื•ื ืจืง ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืคืขื•ืœืช ื”ื–ืจื™ืงื” ืื™ื ื” ืžืชืืคืฉืจืช ืžืฆื“ ืขืฆืžื”, ืœื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื›ื•ื— ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ืชืชืงื™ื™ื; ืืš ืžืขื•ืฃ ื”ืื‘ืŸ ืขืฆืžื• ืื™ื ื• ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœื›ื•ื—. ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ืขืฆืžื” ืื™ื ื• ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœื›ื•ื— ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžื’ืœื” ืื•ืชื•, ืื ื›ืŸ ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืื“ื ื™ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ื•ื— ื”ืคื•ืขืœ.
[ื‘ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ืจื™ื—ื•ืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ื— ืœืคืขื•ืœื” ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื ื™ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื: ื”ืŸ ืžืฆื“ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื•ื”ืŸ ืžืฆื“ ื”ื›ื•ื—. ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ืžืฆื“ ืขืฆืžื” "ืจื—ื•ืงื”" ืžื”ื›ื•ื— โ€“ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื”ื™ื ื’ืฉืžื™ืช ื•ืžื•ื—ืฉื™ืช ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ื•ื ื ืคืฉื™ ื•ืจื•ื—ื ื™, ื•ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื” ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ืช ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืฉื™ืชื’ืœื” ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™; ืืš ืœืืžื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”"ืจื™ื—ื•ืง" ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืื•ืคืŸ ืคืขื•ืœืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื•ื— ืขืฆืžื•: ืžืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื›ื•ื— ื”ื–ืจื™ืงื” ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื ืขืœื. ื”ื•ื ืžืชื ืชืง ืžื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื• ืขืฆืžื•, ืžื”ื ืคืฉ, ื•ื›ืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื• ื›ื›ื•ื— ื”ื–ื•ืจืง ื”ื•ื ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉืžื—ื•ืฅ ื”ื™ืžื ื• ื•ืžื•ื‘ื“ืœืช ืžืžื ื• 11 ].
ืžื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืŸ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื ืฉืืจ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ื•ื ื•ืžื–ื” ืขืฆืžื• ื ืขืฉื™ืช ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ืืฆืœ ื”ืžืงื‘ืœ ("ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžืžื™ืœื"), ื”ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื™ื ืœื ืจืง ื›ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžืืคืฉืจ ืืช ื”ืคืขื•ืœื”, ืืœื ื’ื ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ืขืฆืžื”. ื–ื”ื• ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืฉื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช "ืงื™ืจื•ื‘" โ€“ ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ืžื•ืจื’ืฉ ื•ืžืชื’ืœื” ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื” ื•ืขื ื™ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ืขืฆืžื”. ื•ื›ืžื• ืจื‘ ื”ืžืœืžื“ ืืช ืชืœืžื™ื“ื•, ืฉืขืœ ืืฃ ื”ืฆืžืฆื•ื ืฉื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืฉื›ืœ, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื ืชืง ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื›ืœ, ืืœื ื‘ืชืœืžื™ื“ ืžืื™ืจ ื•ืžืชื’ืœื” ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืจื‘ ืขืฆืžื•. ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ ืžืงื‘ืœ ืฉื›ืœ, ืœื ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ.
ื•ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ื–ื” ื‘ื”ืฉืคืขืช ื”ืฉื›ืœ ืœืžื™ื“ื•ืช โ€“ ื‘ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืขืฆืžืŸ ืžื•ืจื’ืฉ ื•ืžืชื’ืœื” ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืžืขื•ืจืจืŸ. ืื ื ื ืกื” ืœื”ืชืขืžืง ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื”ื™ ืžื”ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ื”, ื ืจืื” ืฉื‘ื” ืขืฆืžื” ืžื•ืจื’ืฉืช ื”ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืœื™ืช ืฉื”ื•ืœื™ื“ื” ืื•ืชื”. ืื”ื‘ื” ืื™ื ื” ืจืง ืžืฉื™ื›ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืžืกื•ื™ื; ื‘ืื”ื‘ื” ืžื•ืจื’ืฉ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ืขื™ืœื•ื™, ืฉื”ื•ืฉื’ื• ื‘ืฉื›ืœ, ืฉื”ื ื”ืžื•ืฉื›ื™ื ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืืœื™ื”ื.
ืื ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื—ืก ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื›ืœ, ื”ืขื™ืœื”, ืœืžื™ื“ื•ืช, ืœืขืœื•ืœ, ื”ื•ื ืœื ืจืง ื›ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžืืคืฉืจ ืืช ื”ื™ืžืฆืื•ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช, ืืœื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืš: ื‘ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืขืฆืžืŸ ืžื•ืจื’ืฉ ื”ืฉื›ืœ ืฉื”ื•ืœื™ื“ืŸ! ื‘ืื”ื‘ื” ืขืฆืžื” ืžื•ืจื’ืฉ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื›ืœ. ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ืœื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ืขื™ืœื•ื™ ืฉื”ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืฉื™ื’! ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืื™ื ืŸ ืจืง ืจืื™ื” ื•ื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืฉื›ืœ ืฉื”ื•ืœื™ื“ืŸ, ืืœื ื”ืฉื›ืœ ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืชื•ื›ื ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืขืฆืžืŸ โ€“ ืœื›ืŸ ืœื ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืœื ืœื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ืœื” ืฉืœื”ืŸ โ€“ ื‘ืฉื›ืœ.
ื•ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ื–ื” ืœืžืขืœื”: ื‘ื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืช "ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืชืœื‘ืฉื•ืช" ื”ื™ื—ืก ืฉืœ ื”ืžืชื”ื•ื•ื” ืœืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื”ื•ื ื™ื—ืก ืฉืœ "ืจื™ื—ื•ืง" ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ. ื”ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืื™ื ื• ืžืชื’ืœื” ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื ื‘ืจื ืขืฆืžื•. ืœื ื‘ืจื ื™ืฉ ื’ื“ืจ ื•ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืขืฆืžื™ ืžืฉืœื• ื•ื™ื—ืกื• ืœืžืงื•ืจื• ื”ื•ื ืจืง ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ื–ื” ืฉืžืืคืฉืจ ืืช ืงื™ื•ืžื•. ื–ื”ื• ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ "ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ื™ืฉ": ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืงืฉืจ ืœืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืื™ื ื• ื‘ื’ื“ืจื• ื•ืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื ื‘ืจื, ืืœื ืจืง ื›ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžืืคืฉืจ ืืช ืงื™ื•ืžื•, ืื ื›ืŸ ื’ื“ืจื• ื•ืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื ื‘ืจื ื”ื•ื "ื™ืฉ", ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœื• ื•ื™ื—ืกื• ืขื ืžืงื•ืจื• ื”ื•ื ืจืง ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœืงื™ื•ืžื•; ืžื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืŸ ื‘ื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืช "ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžืžื™ืœื" ื”ื™ื—ืก ืฉืœ ื”ืžืชื”ื•ื•ื” ืœืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื”ื•ื ื™ื—ืก ืฉืœ "ืงื™ืจื•ื‘". ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืžื•ืจื’ืฉ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ื•ื’ื“ืจื• ืฉืœ ื”ื ื‘ืจื ืขืฆืžื•, ืขื“ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืฉื•ื ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืขืฆืžื™ ืžืฉืœื•. ื–ื”ื• ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ "ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช": ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื•ื”ืงืฉืจ ืขื ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืื™ื ื• ืจืง ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืกื™ื‘ืช ื”ื™ืžืฆืื•ืชื• ืืœื ื”ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืžื•ืจื’ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ื•ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื ื‘ืจื 12 .
ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•ืช: ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืช ื”ื™ื "ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืชืœื‘ืฉื•ืช" ื”ืื“ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืงื™ื™ืžืช. ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื’ื“ืจื™ื ืžืฉืœื•, ืืœื ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื“ืข (ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื’ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ) ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ืจ ืืœื•ืงื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื–ื” ืฉืžืืคืฉืจ ืืช ื”ื™ืžืฆืื•ืชื•. ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื˜ืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืœืžืงื•ืจ ื•ืžืชื ื”ื’ ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืจืฆื•ื ื•; ืžื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืŸ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืช ื”ื™ื "ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžืžื™ืœื", ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืขื ื”ืžืชื”ื•ื•ื” ื”ื•ื ืœื ืจืง ื›ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืืช ื”ื™ืžืฆืื•ืชื•, ืืœื ื’ื ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืขืฆื ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื• 13 . ื”ืื“ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ ืื™ื ื• ืจืง ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืกื™ื‘ืช ืงื™ื•ืžื• ืืœื ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœื›ืœ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื•, ืขื“ ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ืฉ ืฉื›ืœ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ืื™ื ื• ืืœื ื–ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืชื”ื•ื•ื” ืžื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ืืœื•ืงื™.

ืขื‘ืจ, ื”ื•ื•ื” ื•ืขืชื™ื“ ื›ืื—ื“
ื”. ืขืœ ืคื™ ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื–ื”, ืžืžืฉื™ืš ื”ืจื‘ื™ ื–ื™"ืข ื‘ืžืืžืจ ื•ืžื‘ืืจ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืื“ืžื•"ืจ ื”ื–ืงืŸ ื‘ืฉืขืจ ื”ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื•ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ืคืจืง ื–', ืฉื ืžื‘ื•ืืจ, ืฉื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘"ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืžืงื•ื ื”ื•ื ืžื–ืจื— ื•ืžืขืจื‘, ืฆืคื•ืŸ, ื“ืจื•ื, ืžืขืœื” ื•ืžื˜ื”, (ื•)ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื•ื ืขื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื” ื•ืขืชื™ื“", ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืชื• ืžืฉื ืื“ื ื•ืช ื•ืฉื ืืœื•ืงื™ื 14 ; ืžื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืŸ ืžืฆื“ ื”"ืžื“ื•ืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื•ืช ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื•ืช", ื”ืžืจื•ืžื–ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื”ื•ื™' ืฉืœืžืขืœื” ืžืฉืžื•ืช ืืœื” โ€“ ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื” ืฉืœ ื–ืžืŸ ื•ืžืงื•ื ืื™ื ื” ืงื™ื™ืžืช. "ื›ื™ ืฉื ื”ื•ื™' ืžื•ืจื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืŸ ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื”ื•ื•ื” ื•ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืจื’ืข ืื—ื“ . . ื•ื›ืŸ ืœืžืขืœื” ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืžืงื•ื".
ื‘ื”ืฉืงืคื” ืฉื˜ื—ื™ืช ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ, ืฉื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื ืฉืžืฆื“ ื”ืฉืžื•ืช ืื“ื -ื™ ื•ืืœื•ืงื™ื, ืœื”ื™ื•ืชื ืฉื™ื™ื›ื™ื ืœืื•ืจ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ ื”ืžืฆื•ืžืฆื, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืขืจืš ื•ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื‘ืจื™ืืช ืขื•ืœื ื’ืฉืžื™ ื”ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื•ืžืงื•ื; ื•ืื™ืœื• ืฉื ื”ื•ื™', ื”ืžืจื•ืžื ื•ืžื•ื‘ื“ืœ ืžื’ื“ืจื™ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื•ื”ืžืงื•ื, ืื™ื ื• ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืขื•ืœื ื’ืฉืžื™ ืžืžืฉ, ืืœื ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืชื”ื•ื•ื” ืžืฉื ื”ื•ื™' ื”ื•ื ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื“ืง ื•ืขื“ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ ื”ืžืชื”ื•ื•ื” ืžืฉื ืืœื•ืงื™ื, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืืช ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื•ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื™ื.
ืื•ืœื ื”ืจื‘ื™ ืฉื•ืœืœ ื”ื‘ื ื” ื–ื•. ืฉื”ืจื™ ืžื–ื” ืขืฆืžื• ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื™' ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื”ื•ื•ื” ื•ื™ื”ื™ื” ื›ืื—ื“ 15 , ื–ืืช ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉื’ื ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืžืชื”ื•ื•ื” ืžืฉื ื”ื•ื™' ื”ื•ื ื ื‘ืจื ื’ืฉืžื™ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ ืฉื‘ืื™ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš ืœืžืงื•ืจื• ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืืช ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ ื”ื–ืžืŸ โ€“ ื”ื™ื” ื”ื•ื•ื” ื•ื™ื”ื™ื”, ืืœื ืฉื”ืขื‘ืจ, ื”ื•ื•ื” ื•ืขืชื™ื“ ื”ื ื›ื•ืœื ื‘ืจื’ืข ืื—ื“. ื•ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ื–ื” ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžืงื•ื โ€“ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืžืชื”ื•ื•ื” ืžืฉื ื”ื•ื™' ื™ืฉื ื ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืฉื” ืงืฆื•ื•ืช ืืœื ืฉื”ื ื›ื•ืœื ื›ืื—ื“.
ื•ื ืžืฆื, ืฉืžืฆื“ ืขืฆื ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื• โ€“ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืžืชื”ื•ื•ื” ืžืฉื ื”ื•ื™' ื”ื•ื ื ื—ื•ืช ื•ืžื•ื’ืฉื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืžืชื”ื•ื•ื” ืžืฉื ืืœื•ืงื™ื. ืื ื›ืŸ ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืžืชื”ื•ื•ื” ื‘ืฉื ืืœื•ืงื™ื ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื”ืชื—ืœืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ื–ืžืŸ ื•ืžืงื•ื ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืžืชื”ื•ื•ื” ืžืฉื ื”ื•ื™' ื”ืขื‘ืจ ื”ื”ื•ื•ื” ื•ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ื”ื ื›ื•ืœื ื›ืื—ื“? ืžื‘ืืจ ื”ืจื‘ื™ ื‘ืžืืžืจ, ืฉื”ื˜ืขื ืœื›ืš ื”ื•ื โ€“ ืžืคื ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ืขืฆื•ื ื”ืžื•ืจื’ืฉ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืžืชื”ื•ื•ื” ืžืฉื ื”ื•ื™'.
ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืงืฆืจื”:
ื›ืืฉืจ ืœืžื–ืจื— ื™ืฉ ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืขืฆืžื™ ืžืฉืœื• ื›ืฆื“ ืžื–ืจื— ื•ืœืžืขืจื‘ ื™ืฉ ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืขืฆืžื™ ืžืฉืœื• ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ืฆื“ ืžืขืจื‘, ืื–ื™ ื™ืฉื ื” ืกืชื™ืจื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืงืฆื•ื•ืช โ€“ ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื’ื“ืจ ื•ื”"ืžืงื•ื" ืฉืœื•; ืืš ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืงื™ื™ื ืจืง ื‘ื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืช "ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืชืœื‘ืฉื•ืช" ืฉืžืฉื ืืœื•ืงื™ื, ืฉืขื ื™ื™ื ื” ื”ื•ื ื™ืฆื™ืื” ื•ื ื™ืชื•ืง ืžื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื•ื”ืชืœื‘ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ื•ืชื•ื›ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืชื”ื•ื•ื”. ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ื”, ืœืขื•ืœื ื™ืฉ ื’ื“ืจื™ื ืžืฉืœื• ื•ื›ืœ ืคืจื˜ ืฉื‘ื• ืขื•ืžื“ ืขืœ ืžืงื•ืžื• ื•ืกื•ืชืจ ืœื–ื•ืœืชื•; ืžื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืŸ ื‘ื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืช "ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžืžื™ืœื" ืžืฉื ื”ื•ื™', ืžื•ืจื’ืฉ ื‘ื ื‘ืจื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืฉื•ื ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืขืฆืžื™ ื•ื›ืœ ื’ื“ืจื• ืื™ื ื• ืืœื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืชื”ื•ื•ื” ืžืžืงื•ืจื•. ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืชื‘ืืจ ืœืขื™ืœ, ืฉื‘ื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืช "ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžืžื™ืœื" ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื•ื "ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช", ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื”ืงืฉืจ ืขื ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื”ื•ื ืœื ืจืง ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืกื™ื‘ืช ืงื™ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืืœื ื’ื ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืขืฆื ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื•.
ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ื”, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืžืชื”ื•ื•ื™ื ืžื–ืจื— ื•ืžืขืจื‘ ื’ืฉืžื™ื™ื, ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื‘ืžื–ืจื— ื•ืžืขืจื‘ ืขืฆืžื ืžื•ืจื’ืฉ, ืฉื›ืœ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื ืื™ื ื• ืืœื ื–ื” ืฉื”ื ืžืชื”ื•ื•ื™ื ืžื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื ืœื ืกื•ืชืจื™ื ื–ื” ืœื–ื”.
ืงืฉื” ืœื ื• ืžืื•ื“ ืœืฆื™ื™ืจ ื•ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื›ื–ื•. ืœื ืจืง ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžืขืจื‘ ื•ืžื–ืจื— ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื™ื—ื“, ืืœื ื’ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ื•ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืžื”ื• ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืืžื™ืชื™. ื‘ืžื›ืœื•ืœ ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื ืฉืื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื, ืœื ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืชื•ืคืขื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ืœืคื™ ืžืงื•ืจื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืขืฆื ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ. ืืš ืื ื ืชืขืžืง ื•ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื›ืœ ืขืฆื ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื ื‘ืจื ืžืชื—ื“ืฉืช ืžืžืงื•ืจื•, ื•ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ื›ืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื• ื•ื’ื“ืจื• ืฉืœ ื”ื ื‘ืจื โ€“ ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ืชืคื•ืก ืžืงื•ื ืœืขืฆืžื• ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ืกืชื•ืจ ืœืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื–ื•ืœืชื•.
ื–ื• ืื ื›ืŸ ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืžืชื”ื•ื•ื” ืžืฉื ื”ื•ื™', ืœืœื ื”ื”ืกืชืจ ืฉืœ ืฉื ืืœื•ืงื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ื”ืชื—ืœืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ื–ืžืŸ ื•ืžืงื•ื.





^ 1.ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืงืžื—, ื”.
^ 2.ื–ื”ื• ื’ื ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ื•ืกื— "ืืชื” ื”ื•ื ืขื“ ืฉืœื ื ื‘ืจื ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืืชื” ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื ื‘ืจื ื”ืขื•ืœื", ืœื ื•ืกื— "ืืชื” ื”ื•ื ืขื“ ืฉืœื ื‘ืจืืช ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืืชื” ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื‘ืจืืช ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื": ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืกื—ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, "ืืชื” ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื ื‘ืจื ", ื”ื™ื ืฉื‘ืจื™ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื ืขืฉืชื” ื›ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžืžื™ืœื, ืœืœื ื›ืœ ื”ืชืขืกืงื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช; ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ื ื•ืกื—ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”, "ืืชื” ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื‘ืจืืช ", ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ, ืฉื‘ืจื™ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื™ื ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉื ืขืฉืชื” ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื”ืชืขืกืงื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืชื•. ื•ืจืื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื‘ืœืงื•ื˜ื™ ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื™ื“, ื’.
^ 3.ืจืื” ื”ืžืฉืš ืชืจืก"ื• ืขืž' ื ื˜: ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืžืงื•ืจ ืขืœ ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช, ื•ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ื–ื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ืชื•ืคืกื™ื ืžืงื•ื ื›ืœืœ, ื“ืื ื›ืŸ ืžื” ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื? . . ืืœื ืฉื”ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ื™ืฉ ื‘ืœื‘ื“".
^ 4.ืจืื” ืฉื ืขืžื•ื“ ืจื›ื“: "ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช 'ืื™ืŸ' ื–ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืชื• ืžืงื•ืจ ืœื™ืฉ ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืชืŸ ืžืงื•ื ืœืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื™ืฉ ื›ื•', ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื’ื ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื‘ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ื™ืฉ ื‘ืœื‘ื“".
^ 5.ื”ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืกืคืจื™ ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช ื›ืžืฉืœ ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื”. ื•ืจืื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื” ื‘ืกืคืจ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ื—ื‘"ื“ ืขืž' ืจืœื• ื•ืฉื ืขืž' ืจืž.
^ 6.ืจืื” ื”ืžืฉืš ืชืจืก"ื• ืฉื: "ื™ื”ืœืœื• ืืช ืฉื ื”ื•ื™' ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืฆื•ื” ื•ื ื‘ืจืื•, ืžืืœื™ื• ื•ืžืžื™ืœื, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืช ื™ืฉ".
^ 7.ืจืื” ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืืžืจื™ื ืžืœื•ืงื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ื™ ื–ื™"ืข ื—"ื‘ ืขืž' ืง. ื—"ื“ ืขืž' ืจืคื“.
^ 8.ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืชืฉื›"ื‘. ื ื“ืคืก ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืืžืจื™ื ืžืœื•ืงื˜ ื—"ื“ ืขืž' ืงื™ื ื•ืื™ืœืš.
^ 9.ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžืชื—ื™ืœ "ืจืื” ืงืจืืชื™ ื‘ืฉื" ืชืจืก"ื”.
^ 10.ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืืœื” ื”ื•ื–ื›ืจื• ื‘ืงืฆืจื” ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื‘ืžืืžืจ ื”ื "ืœ ืฉืœ ืื“ืžื•"ืจ ืžื•ื”ืจืฉ"ื‘.
^ 11.ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืฉื ื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื•ืžืฉืชืœื‘ื™ื ื™ื—ื“: ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื›ื•ื— ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื‘ืขืจื›ื•, ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื›ืจื— ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช, ืœื”ืชืขืœื ื•ืœื”ืชืœื‘ืฉ ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื‘ื” ื”ื•ื ืคื•ืขืœ ืฉื”ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื” ื•ืžื•ื‘ื“ืœืช ืžืžื ื•.
^ 12.ื›ืœื•ืžืจ: ืœืคื™ ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื–ื”, ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”"ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช" ื•"ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ื™ืฉ" ืื™ื ื” ืจืง ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืชืคื™ืกืช ืžืงื•ื ื•ื”ืขืจืš ืฉืœ ื”ื ื‘ืจื (ื›ืžื• ื”ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื ืœืขื™ืœ ืกืขื™ืฃ ื'), ืืœื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ื ืืœื” ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื ื‘ืจื ื•ืžื•ืจื’ืฉ ื‘ื•.
^ 13.ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจ, ืฉื™ืฉื ื• ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืœ ืœื ืžืฉืœ: ื‘ืžืฉืœ, ื–ื” ืฉื‘ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืขืฆืžืŸ ืžื•ืจื’ืฉ ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืžื•ืœื™ื“ืŸ, ื–ื”ื• ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืžืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช "ืงืจื•ื‘ื”" ืืœื ื”ืฉื›ืœ โ€“ ื’ื ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื•ื’ื ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื” ื ืคืฉ ื•ื”ื ื‘ืขืจืš ื–ื” ืœื–ื”; ืžื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืŸ ื‘ื ืžืฉืœ ืœืžืขืœื”, ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืžืชื”ื•ื•ื” ืžืฉื ื”ื•ื™' ื”ื•ื ื ื‘ืจื ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื™ืฉ ืžืื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืื™ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš ืœื›ื•ื— ื”ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืื•ืชื• (ื›ื“ืœืงืžืŸ ืกืขื™ืฃ ื”') โ€“ ื•ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื›ืŸ, ืœื”ื™ื•ืชื• ืžืชื”ื•ื•ื” "ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžืžื™ืœื" ืœืœื ืฉื•ื ื”ืกืชืจื” ืขืœ ืžืงื•ืจื• โ€“ ืžื•ืจื’ืฉ ื‘ื• ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜, "ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช". ืจืื” ื‘ืืจื™ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืืžืจื™ื ืžืœื•ืงื˜ ืฉื ืขืž' ืงื˜ื•.
^ 14.ื‘ืชื ื™ื ืฉื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืฉื ืื“ื ื•ืช, ืื•ืœื ืจืื” ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืืžืจื™ื ืžืœื•ืงื˜ ืฉื ื”ืขืจื” 52, ืฉื‘ื›ืœืœื•ืช ืฉื ืืœื•ืงื™ื ื•ืฉื ืื“ื -ื™ ื”ื•ื ืขื ื™ืŸ ืื—ื“, ืขื™ื™"ืฉ.
^ 15.ื›ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืชื ื™ื ืฉื ืžืจืข"ืž ืคืจืฉืช ืคื™ื ื—ืก ืจื ื–, ืข"ื‘.

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