ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ืœื•ื— ืฉื ื” ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช

ื”ืงื“ืฉืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืืชืจ

ื”ืงื“ืฉ

ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
 ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืคืจืฉืช ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื•ืชื "ืš
  • ื—ื•ืžืฉ ืฉืžื•ืช
  • ืชืจื•ืžื”
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช

ืฉืจืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื” ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื’ืจื™ืŸ ืœืขื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืฉืžืช ื™ืงื™ืจื™ื”ื

undefined
1914
12 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื” โ€ข 45 ื“ืง' ืฆืคื™ื”
ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”

ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืœืขื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืฉืžืช

ื”ื•ื’ื˜ ื‘ืช ืชื•ืจืงื™ื”

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ืืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขืกื“ืจื•ืชืกืคืจื™ื”ืคืกืงื™ ื“ื™ืŸื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš
ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ื”ืฉืขื” ืœื”ืฉืจืืช ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ
ืงืจืื ื• ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืืช ืคืจืฉืช ืชืจื•ืžื”, ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™: "ื•ึฐืขึธืฉื‚ื•ึผ ืœึดื™ ืžึดืงึฐื“ึผึธืฉื ื•ึฐืฉืึธื›ึทื ึฐืชึผึดื™ ื‘ึผึฐืชื•ึนื›ึธื" (ืฉืžื•ืช ื›ื”, ื—). ื–ื”ื• ืฉืœื‘ ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื. ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื”ืชื’ืœื” "ืืฉืจ ื‘ื—ืจ ื‘ื ื• ืžื›ืœ ื”ืขืžื™ื" - ืœืขื™ื ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• ื”ืชื’ืœื” ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื, ื‘ืื•ืชื•ืช ื•ื‘ืžื•ืคืชื™ื, ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ื‘ื—ืจ ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื• ืœืขื. ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื–ื›ื™ื ื• ืœืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื”, ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ื•ืคืขื” ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื” ืฉืจืืชื” ืฉืคื—ื” ืขืœ ื”ื™ื, ื•ื”ื™ื ืขืฆืžื” ืจืืชื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ, ื›ืš ืื•ืžืจ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžืจืื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™, ื•ืžื™ ืฉืžื“ืจื’ืชื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืฉืคื—ื•ืช, ืจืื” ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื–ื• ื”ื”ื•ืคืขื” ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ื•ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื”ื™ื ื™ืกื•ื“ ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื•ืœื”. "ื•ึทื™ึผึทืึฒืžึดื™ื ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึทื”' ื•ึผื‘ึฐืžึนืฉืึถื” ืขึทื‘ึฐื“ึผื•ึน" (ืฉื ื™ื“, ืœื) ื–ื” ื‘ืงืจื™ืขืช ื™ื ืกื•ืฃ, ืื‘ืœ ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื›ืฉื”ื’ืขื ื• ืœืžืขืžื“ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ - "ื•ึฐื’ึทื ื‘ึผึฐืšึธ ื™ึทืึฒืžึดื™ื ื•ึผ ืœึฐืขื•ึนืœึธื" (ืฉื ื™ื˜, ื˜), ื–ื” ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ืฉืœ ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื”ื ืžืฉื›ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช, ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ืžืฉื” ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ื”ื ืœื•ื•ื™ื ืืœื™ื•, ื›ืžื• ืฉืื•ืžืจ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” (ืคืจืง ื— ื”ืœื›ื” ื).
ื›ืขืช ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ื”ืฉืขื” ืœื”ืฉืจืืช ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ. "ื•ึฐืขึธืฉื‚ื•ึผ ืœึดื™ ืžึดืงึฐื“ึผึธืฉื ื•ึฐืฉืึธื›ึทื ึฐืชึผึดื™ ื‘ึผึฐืชื•ึนื›ึธื". ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืคืจืฉืช ืชืจื•ืžื” (ืฉืžื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ืœื’, ื) ืื•ืžืจ:
"ื•ื™ืงื—ื• ืœื™ ืชืจื•ืžื”", ื”ื“ื ื”ื•ื ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘: "ื›ื™ ืœืงื— ื˜ื•ื‘ ื ืชืชื™ ืœื›ื ืชื•ืจืชื™ ืืœ ืชืขื–ื•ื‘ื•" (ืžืฉืœื™ ื“, ื‘). "ืืœ ืชืขื–ื•ื‘ื•" ืืช ื”ืžืงื— ืฉื ืชืชื™ ืœื›ื. ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืื“ื ืฉืœื•ืงื— ืžืงื—, ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื–ื”ื‘ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ื›ืกืฃ, ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื›ืกืฃ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ื–ื”ื‘, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžืงื— ืฉื ืชืชื™ ืœื›ื ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื›ืกืฃ, ืฉื ืืžืจ: "ืืžืจื•ืช ื”' ืืžืจื•ืช ื˜ื”ื•ืจื•ืช ื›ืกืฃ ืฆืจื•ืฃ" (ืชื”ืœื™ื ื™ื‘, ื–), ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื–ื”ื‘, ืฉื ืืžืจ: "ื”ื ื—ืžื“ื™ื ืžื–ื”ื‘ ื•ืžืคื– ืจื‘" (ืฉื ื™ื˜, ื™ื). ื™ืฉ ืื“ื ืœื•ืงื— ืฉื“ื•ืช ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื›ืจืžื™ื, ื›ืจืžื™ื ื•ืœื ืฉื“ื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžืงื— ื”ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืฉื“ื•ืช ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื›ืจืžื™ื.

ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื ืžืฉืœืช ืœื›ืœ ืืœื”. ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืื•ืžืจ ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ:
ื•ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืžืงื— ืฉืžื™ ืฉืžื›ืจื• ื ืžื›ืจ ืขืžื•. ืืžืจ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ: ืžื›ืจืชื™ ืœื›ื ืชื•ืจืชื™ ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื ืžื›ืจืชื™ ืขืžื”, ืฉื ืืžืจ "ื•ื™ืงื—ื• ืœื™ ืชืจื•ืžื”". ืžืฉืœ ืœืžืœืš ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืœื• ื‘ืช ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื‘ื ืื—ื“ ืžืŸ ื”ืžืœื›ื™ื ื•ื ื˜ืœื”. ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืœื™ืœืš ืœื• ืœืืจืฆื• ื•ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืœืืฉืชื•. ืืžืจ ืœื•: ื‘ืชื™ ืฉื ืชืชื™ ืœืš ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ืช ื”ื™ื, ืœืคืจื•ืฉ ืžืžื ื” ืื™ื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ, ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืš ืืœ ืชื˜ืœื” ืื™ื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ, ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ืืฉืชืš, ืืœื ื–ื• ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืขืฉื” ืœื™ ืฉื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉืืชื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืงื™ื˜ื•ืŸ ืื—ื“ ืขืฉื” ืœื™ ืฉืื“ื•ืจ ืืฆืœื›ื ืฉืื™ื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืืช ื‘ืชื™. ื›ืš ืืžืจ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ: ื ืชืชื™ ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ืœืคืจื•ืฉ ื”ื™ืžื ื” ืื™ื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ, ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื›ื ืืœ ืชื˜ืœื•ื”, ืื™ื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ, ืืœื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉืืชื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื, ื‘ื™ืช ืื—ื“ ืขืฉื• ืœื™ ืฉืื“ื•ืจ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ืฉื ืืžืจ: "ื•ืขืฉื• ืœื™ ืžืงื“ืฉ".

ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ืื•ืžืจ ื›ืืŸ ืฉื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื ืžื›ืจ ืœื ื• ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื ืชืŸ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื ืชื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžืงื— ื•ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžืชื ื”, ื›ืžื• ืฉืื•ืžืจ ื”ืคืกื•ืง: "ื›ึผึดื™ ืœึถืงึทื— ื˜ื•ึนื‘ ื ึธืชึทืชึผึดื™ ืœึธื›ึถื ืชึผื•ึนืจึธืชึดื™ ืึทืœ ืชึผึทืขึฒื–ึนื‘ื•ึผ", 'ืœืงื—' ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ืœืงื™ื—ื”, ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื•'ื ืชืชื™' ื–ื• ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืžืชื ื”, ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืจืฆื” ืœื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ื ืชื™ื ื” ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ื’ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžืงื— ื•ื’ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžืชื ื”. ื‘ืžืชื ื” ื™ืฉ ื›ืœืœ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ืชืŸ ื‘ืขื™ืŸ ื™ืคื” ื ื•ืชืŸ (ืจืื” ื‘ื‘ื ื‘ืชืจื ื ื’, ื), ื•ืขืœ ืžืงื— ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช, ื•ืื ื›ืŸ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื ืชืŸ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืงื ื™ื™ื ื™ื.
ืžื” ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื ืžื›ืจ ืขื ื”ืชื•ืจื” - ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ื›ืœื™ ืื•ืžื ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื”. ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื”ืกืชื›ืœ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ืจื ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื (ื–ื•ื”ืจ ืฉืžื•ืช ืงืกื, ื), ื–ื” ื›ืœื™ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืขื•ืœื ื ื‘ืจื, ื•ืืช ื”ื›ืœื™ ื”ื–ื” ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื ืชืŸ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ืฉ ื”ื›ืœื™ ืฉื‘ื• ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ืจื•ื ื•ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื•ื–ื” ืขื ื™ื™ื ื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื”ื•ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ื ืชืŸ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื— ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืจืฆื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื•ืœืคื™ ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ื”ืฉืชื“ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ืชืืžืฆื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื›ืœื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” - ื›ืš ืงื™ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื ืžื›ืจ ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ.
ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืคืจื˜ ืงืฆืช ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื. ื›ืœ ืžื™ืœื” ืื• ื”ืจื›ื‘ื” ืงืฆืช ืื—ืจืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ื”ื™ื ืฉื ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื”, ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืžื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื”. ืžื” ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ - ืฉื ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช, ื”ื•ืคืขื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืื“ื ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืžื” ืฉืžื•, ื›ืฉืื“ื ื ืžืฆื ืœื‘ื“ ื•ืœื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื, ื”ื•ื ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื ื‘ื›ืœืœ. ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื•ืœื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืžื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” - ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื•ืœื” ื”ื™ื ื”ื”ื•ืคืขื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ื•ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ืžืฉืชืœืฉืœืช ื•ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื”. ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”, ืืœื ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ื›ื•ืœื, ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื ื‘ืจื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื, ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ื‘ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ื™ื. ืื“ื ืœื•ืžื“ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ืฉืžื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื, ื”ื•ื ืžื’ืœื” ืืช ื”ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืฉืคืข ืืœื•ืงื™ ืืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช. ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื ืžื›ืจ ืขื ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืืชื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืื•ืชื™ ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืžืžื ื™ ื”ื•ืคืขื” ื•ืฉืคืข ืœืงื™ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื–ื” ื ืขืฉื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื›ื, ื–ื” ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ 'ื ืžื›ืจืชื™'.

ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”' ื‘ืขื•ืœื - ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ
ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ืžื‘ื™ื ืžืฉืœ ืงืฆืช ืฉื•ื ื”, ืžืฉืœ ืœืžืœืš ืฉื”ืฉื™ื ืืช ื‘ืชื• ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื”, ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืชื• ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื. ืงืฉื” ืœื”ื™ืคืจื“ ืžืžื ื” ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ื ืชืŸ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืจื•ืกื” ืœื ื• ื•ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื•ื ื”ื™ื ื’ื ืชื”ื™ื” ื ืฉื•ืื” ืœื ื• - "ื•ึฐืึตืจึทืฉื‚ึฐืชึผึดื™ืšึฐ ืœึดื™ ืœึฐืขื•ึนืœึธื" (ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘, ื›ื), ื›ืš ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื•ื ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ื–ื›ื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืžื“ืจื’ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืœื’ืžืจื™. ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ 'ืขืฉื• ืœื™ ืžืงื“ืฉ', ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ื›ื›ื. ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ื—ืคืฅ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืืชื ื•, ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ืฉืœ ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืžืชื’ืœื” ืจืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื ืืœื” ืฉื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืืช ืชื”ื™ืœืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื”, "ืขึทื ื–ื•ึผ ื™ึธืฆึทืจึฐืชึผึดื™ ืœึดื™ ืชึผึฐื”ึดืœึผึธืชึดื™ ื™ึฐืกึทืคึผึตืจื•ึผ" (ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ืžื’, ื›ื), ืขื ื™ื™ื ื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื’ืœื™ื ืืช ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”' ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืืช ืื•ืจ ื”' ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ืฉื™ื ื”ื”ื•ืคืขื” ื”ื•ื ื›ืฉืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืฉืœื ืฉืœื•, ื›ืฉื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื‘ื ื•ื™ ื•ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”' ื ืจืื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ. ืืœื• ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืคืขืช ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื”.
ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืื—ืจื™ ืฉื ื‘ื ื” ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ - ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืงื“ืฉื” ืœืฉืขืชื” ื•ืงื“ืฉื” ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื•ื (ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืคืจืง ื• ื”ืœื›ื” ื˜ื•), ื•ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ื™ื ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื•ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ืœื ื–ื–ื”, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืฉืจืชื” ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื–ื” ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื™ื ืœื ื–ื–ื”. ืงืฉื” ืงืฆืช ืขืœ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื’ืžืจื ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ื™ื•ืžื ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื—ืกืจื• ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื (ื›ื, ื‘), ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ ื’ื ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™. ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืžืกืชื“ืจ ืขื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ืœื ื–ื–ื”? ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ ื‘ืืžืช ื—ื•ืœืง ืขืœ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ืกื•ื‘ืจ ืฉืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืœื ืงื™ื“ืฉื” ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื•ื, ืืš ื”ื•ื ืœื ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืกื•ื‘ืจ ืฉืžื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื—ืœื” ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืขื“ ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื•ื. ืœื–ื” ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉื”ืจืื‘"ื“ ืœื ืžืกื›ื™ื. ื–ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื”ืื ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืงื“ืฉื” ืœืฉืขืชื” ื•ืงื“ืฉื” ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื•ื ืื• ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ื˜ืœื” ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ืงื™ื“ืฉื• ืคืขื ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื—ื–ืจื” ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื•ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื”. (ืจืื” ืขื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืคืจืง ื— ืžืฉื ื” ื•, ื—ื’ื™ื’ื” ื’, ื‘). ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœืฉืืœื” ืขืœ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ื™ื, ืฉื‘ืืžืช ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื ืžืฆืืช ืชืžื™ื“ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ืืœื ืฉืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืžื“ืจื’ื”. ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ื’ืžืจื ื‘ื™ื•ืžื ืฉืื•ืžืจืช ืฉื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื‘ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื’ืœื•ื™ื” ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื”ื™ื• ืจืง ื›ืžื” ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื ื™ืกื™ื, ื›ืžื• ื”ื ืจ ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™ ืฉื“ืœืง ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืืจื‘ืข ืฉืขื•ืช, ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ืฉื•ืจื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ. ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื”ืชื’ืœืชื” ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืžืžืฉ, "ื•ึผื›ึฐื‘ื•ึนื“ ื”' ืžึธืœึตื ืึถืช ื”ึทื‘ึผึธื™ึดืช ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึธื›ึฐืœื•ึผ ื”ึทื›ึผึนื”ึฒื ึดื™ื ืœึธื‘ื•ึนื ืึถืœ ื‘ึผึตื™ืช ื”' ื›ึผึดื™ ืžึธืœึตื ื›ึฐื‘ื•ึนื“ ื”' ืึถืช ื‘ึผึตื™ืช ื”'" (ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ ื–, ื-ื‘), ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉื• ื•ืจืื• ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืคืขืช ืฉื›ื™ื ื”. ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ื”ืื ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืžืฉ ืžื•ื—ืฉื™ ืื• ืžื•ืคืฉื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืื•ืœื™ ื–ื” ื‘ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื—ืฉ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ืฉืžืขืœ ืœืžื•ื—ืฉ, ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืคื ื™ื, ืจืื• ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช. ื›ืš ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ. ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืืช ืื•ืชื” ื”ืžื“ืจื’ื”. ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื‘ืจื•ื— ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืœื ืงื™ื“ืฉื” ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื•ื, ื›ื™ ืขื–ืจื ื™ื“ืข ืฉืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ื™ืฉืื” ืžืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืฉื ื™, ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืš ืœืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืฉื ื™, ืžืžื™ืœื ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื”ื™ื ื–ืžื ื™ืช ื•ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื•ื ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ืขืชื™ื“ ืœื”ืชืงื“ืฉ ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ. ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื–ื• ืžื“ืจื’ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžืื•ื“, ื”ืฉื ื™ ืคื—ื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ืœื•ืœ ืืช ืฉืชื™ ื”ื”ื•ืคืขื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื–ื”.

ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืจื•ื— ื•ืื ืฉื™ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ
ืขื™ืงืจื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ื•ื ื”ืืจื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืชื•ื›ื•. ืื•ืžืจ ื›ืืŸ ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ (ืฉืžื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ืœื“, ื‘):
ืžืคื ื™ ืžื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื›ืชื™ื‘ "ื•ืขืฉื™ืช", ื•ื‘ืืจื•ืŸ ื›ืชื™ื‘: "ื•ืขืฉื• ืืจื•ืŸ" - ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื‘"ืจ ืฉืœื•ื: ืืžืจ ืœื• ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื: ื™ื‘ืื• ื”ื›ื•ืœ ื•ื™ืขืกืงื• ื‘ืืจื•ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื–ื›ื• ื›ื•ืœื ืœืชื•ืจื”.

ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ืขืœ ื–ื” ื”"ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื" ื•ืื•ืžืจ (ื“"ื” ื•ืขืฉื• ืืจื•ืŸ) ืฉืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืืจื•ืŸ ื ืžืฆืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื›ื•ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืจืง ื›ื•ืœื ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื›ื™ ื”ื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืžืชื ื•ืช ื›ื”ื•ื ื”, ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, ื”ืœื•ื•ื™ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืคื˜ืจ ื—ืžื•ืจ ื•ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืŸ - ื”ื•ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืœื›ืœ ื—ืœืง ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ืฉ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืชืงื™ื™ืžื• ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื›ื•ืœืŸ ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื•ื›ืš ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช. ื–ื” ืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืืจื•ืŸ, "ื•ึฐืขึธืฉื‚ื•ึผ ืึฒืจื•ึนืŸ" (ืฉืžื•ืช ื›ื”, ื™), ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ืฉ ื—ืœืง ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ืœืง ืฉืœื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช ื•ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ื”.
ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ื›ื ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”"ืื•ื”ื‘ ื™ืฉืจืืœ" ืขืœ ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืคืจืฉื” (ื“"ื” ื•ื™ืงื—ื• ืœื™). ื›ืชื•ื‘: "ื•ึฐื™ึดืงึฐื—ื•ึผ ืœึดื™ ืชึผึฐืจื•ึผืžึธื”" (ืฉื, ื‘), ืชืจื•ืžื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืžื”ืžื•ื‘ื—ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื›ืžื• ื‘ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืฉืžืงืจื™ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ืœื‘ ืœื’ื‘ื•ื”. ื›ืฉืื“ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืœืฉืžื™ื ื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื•ื‘ื—ืจ ื•ื”ืžืฉื•ื‘ื— ืืฆืœื•, ื•ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืœืคื™ ื“ืจื’ืชื•. ืืฆืœ ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื, ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืจื•ื— ื•ื”ืืžื•ื ื”, ื”ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื•ื ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื - ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื”ืงืจื‘ื” ืฉืœื”ื ื”ื™ื ื”ื ืคืฉ, ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™, ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื•ื”ื”ื™ื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ื™ืฉืื•ืช. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืืฆืœ ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื”ืขื ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื“ืขืœืžื, ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื•ื”ื–ื”ื‘ - ื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื”' ืืช ื”ืžื•ื‘ื—ืจ ืœืคื™ ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื. ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื ืจืžื–ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืคืจืฉื”, ื›ืชื•ื‘: "ื•ึฐื™ึดืงึฐื—ื•ึผ ืœึดื™ ืชึผึฐืจื•ึผืžึธื”", ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื›ืชื•ื‘: "ืžึตืึตืช ื›ึผึธืœ ืึดื™ืฉื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื™ึดื“ึผึฐื‘ึถื ึผื•ึผ ืœึดื‘ึผื•ึน ืชึผึดืงึฐื—ื•ึผ ืึถืช ืชึผึฐืจื•ึผืžึธืชึดื™", ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื™ื™ืง ืฉืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืžื™ืœื” ืชืจื•ืžื” ื–ื” ืชืจื•ื ื”', 'ืชืจื•ืžืชื™' ื–ื” ืชืจื•ืžืช ื™'. ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ื ื‘ืจื ื‘ืื•ืช ื”' ื•ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื ื ื‘ืจื ื‘ืื•ืช ื™', ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืฉืœื”ื ื”ื•ื ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™, ืืช ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ืฉืœื”ื ืœืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ื•ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื - ื–ื”: "ืชึผึดืงึฐื—ื•ึผ ืึถืช ืชึผึฐืจื•ึผืžึธืชึดื™", ืชืจื•ืžืช ื™', ืืชื ืชื‘ื™ืื• ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื. ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉืœื ื‘ืžื“ืจื’ื” ื”ื–ืืช ื•ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ื•ืžืื•ื“ ืžื—ืฉื™ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื• - ื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”, ืชืจื•ื ื”'. ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”' ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœืคื™ ื”ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืฉืœื•. ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจื ื•, ื›ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื™ื—ื“, ื›ื•ืœื ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื›ื•ืœื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื, ืื– ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืœืžื•ืชื”.

ืื™ืš ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•?
ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืฉืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื‘ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื›ืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื•ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื”ื™ื ื ืฆื—ื™ืช ื•ืชืžื™ื“ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืžืฆื•ื ืื™ืš ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื”, ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ื•ืจ ื•ื“ื•ืจ. ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ื ืฆื—ื™ืช, ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืŸ ื ืฆื—ื™ื•ืช ื•ืื ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืื•ืžืจืช: "ื•ึฐืขึธืฉื‚ื•ึผ ืœึดื™ ืžึดืงึฐื“ึผึธืฉื ื•ึฐืฉืึธื›ึทื ึฐืชึผึดื™ ื‘ึผึฐืชื•ึนื›ึธื" ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืื™ืš ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื”ื–ืืช ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžืช ืชืžื™ื“, ื’ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืžืงื“ืฉ. ืื•ืžืจ ื‘ืขืœ ื”"ืื•ื”ื‘ ื™ืฉืจืืœ" (ืฉื) ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ืฉื”' ืฉื•ื›ืŸ ืืช ื“ื›ื ื•ืฉืคืœ ืจื•ื— (ืจืื” ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ื ื–, ื˜ื•), ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื›ืŸ ืืฆืœ ืžื™ ืฉืžืชื‘ื˜ืœ ืืœื™ื•, ืžื™ ืฉืขื ื™ื• ื•ืžื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ื›ืœ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ื›ืœืคื™ ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ื ืขืฉื” ื›ืœื™ ืœื”ืฉืจืืช ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื”, ื•ื‘ื–ื” ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืฉืœ 'ื•ืขืฉื• ืœื™ ืžืงื“ืฉ'.
ืืช ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืืžืจื ื• ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช, ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืจื—ื•ืงื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืืจืฅ ื•ืœื ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื™ืช ืžืงื“ืฉื ื•. ื”ื™ื•ื ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื•ืžืชืงืจื‘ื™ื, ื•ืœื ื“ื•ืžื” ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืคืขื ืœืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื•ื” ื”ื™ื•ื. ื›ืฉื—ืœืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื”ื•ื ื’ื ื‘ื”ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืช, ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื™ืช ืžืงื“ืฉื ื• - ื”ื•ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืชืงื“ืžื ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฆืขื“ื™ื ืœืงืจืืช ืงื™ื•ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืฉืœ: "ื•ึฐืขึธืฉื‚ื•ึผ ืœึดื™ ืžึดืงึฐื“ึผึธืฉื ื•ึฐืฉืึธื›ึทื ึฐืชึผึดื™ ื‘ึผึฐืชื•ึนื›ึธื". ื›ืฉืžืชืงืจื‘ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืชื ื•ืฆืฅ ืื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, ืื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื”, ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ืจื‘ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืกืคืจ ืื•ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ืื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื™ื—. ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ืžืชืงื“ืžืช ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื™ื—, ืžื™ ืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื›ื™ ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ืžืฉื™ื’ ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ืจื•ืื” ืื™ืš ื”' ืžืงืจื‘ ืืช ื”ื’ืื•ืœื”, ื•ื”ืื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” - ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™, ื”ืฉืจืืช ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื”, ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” - ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ื•ืคื™ืข. ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืจืง ืžื™ ืฉืžืกืชื›ืœ ื‘ืขื•ืžืง ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื–ื”, ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื”ื•ื•ื” ื”ื•ื ืจื•ืื” ืื™ืš ื”ื•ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœืขืชื™ื“ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ. ื”ื™ื•ื 'ื•ืขืฉื• ืœื™ ืžืงื“ืฉ ื•ืฉื›ื ืชื™ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื' ื–ื• ืžื“ืจื’ื” ื—ื“ืฉื”, ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืฉืจืืช ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช ืืช ื–ื”. ื—ื–"ืœ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืžื™ ืฉืจื•ืฆื” ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ืฉื™ืœืžื“ ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, "ื“ึผึดืจึฐืฉืื•ึผ ื”' ื•ึฐืขึปื–ึผื•ึน ื‘ึผึทืงึผึฐืฉืื•ึผ ืคึธื ึธื™ื• ืชึผึธืžึดื™ื“" (ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืงื”, ื“. ื™ืœืงื•ื˜ ืฉืžืขื•ื ื™ ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืชืชืกื‘), 'ื“ืจืฉื• ื”' ื•ืขื•ื–ื•', ื–ื• ืชื•ืจื”, 'ื‘ืงืฉื• ืคื ื™ื• ืชืžื™ื“' - ื”ืœื•ืžื“ ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ.
ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื ื›ืคืฉื•ื˜ื. ื™ืฉ ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ืฉืžืžืฉ ืจื•ืื™ื ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ื›ืฉืœื ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช. ืื“ื ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ืžื” ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืกื•ืง ื‘ืชื•ืจื” - ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื”', ื–ื” ืœื ืกืชื ืกืคืจ, ื–ื” ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืืœื•ืงื™ ืฉืื“ื ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื• ื•ื–ืืช ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื•ื ืžื’ืœื” ืืช ื“ื‘ืจ ื”' ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ืื“ื ืขื•ืฉื” ืžืฆื•ื•ื”, ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื”, ืžื ื™ื— ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ - ืื™ืŸ ืœื–ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื—ื•ืฅ ืžืืฉืจ ืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื, ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืืœื•ืงื™ืช, ืฉื™ืฉ ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ ืืœื•ืงื™ ื•ื›ืฉืื“ื ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื”ื–ืืช ืžืชื’ืœื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืจืฆื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื, ืžืชื’ืœื” ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื”. ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืžืกืชื›ืœ ืจื•ืื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืืžื•ื ื”, ื™ืฉ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ืื“ื ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืฉืงื•ืœื” ื›ื ื’ื“ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื›ื•ืœืŸ - ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื–ื”. ืื“ื ื‘ื ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืžืขืœื” ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืœื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืืจืฅ ื”ื–ืืช ืžืขืœื•ืช ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื•ืช ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช. ื”ืฉืื™ืคื” ืฉืœื ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืืŸ ื•ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื›ื‘ื•ืฉ ื—ืœืงื™ื ืžืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื•ืžืจื•ืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื•ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ืืจืฅ. ื‘ืขืฆื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื’ืœื™ื ืืช ืื•ืจ ื”' ื”ืžืชื’ืœื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื–ื”, ื–ื” ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืฉื›ื™ื ื”. ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืฉืื“ื ืขื•ืฉื” ื™ืฉ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืฉื›ื™ื ื”, ื›ืฉืื“ื ืขื•ืฉื” ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื”ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื›ืฉืื“ื ื‘ื˜ืœ ื›ืœืคื™ ืื•ืจ ื”' ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื–ื” ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืคืจื˜ื™ ืœื’ืœื•ืช.
ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื–ื• ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืฉืžื•ื˜ืœืช ืขืœ ื”ืจื‘ื™ื. ืื™ืฉ ืคืจื˜ื™ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื•ื ื” ืœื‘ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืช ืžืงื“ืฉ. ืื– ื›ืฉืื“ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉื”ื–ื›ืจื ื• ื‘ืฉื ื”"ืื•ื”ื‘ ื™ืฉืจืืœ" - ื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื›ื™ ืœื ื“ื™ ื‘ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ืœ ืœืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ื•ืœืจืฆื•ืช ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ืจืฆื•ื ื•, ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืคืœ ืจื•ื— ื•ืขื ื™ื•, ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœื™ ื›ืœืคื™ ืื•ืจ ื”'. ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืœื‘ื“ื• ื–ื” ืœื ื‘ื™ืช ืžืงื“ืฉ, ื–ื” ื‘ื™ืช ืžืงื“ืฉ ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื‘ืขื™ื”, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื’ื ืฆื“ ืฉืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจ. ืื– ืื™ืš ืื“ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืืžืช ืœื”ืชืงืจื‘ ืœืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ - ืฉืื“ื ื™ื“ืข ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉื” ื”ื•ื ื—ืœืง ืžื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉื” ื–ื” ื‘ืฉื ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื›ืœืคื™ ืฉืžื™ื. ื›ืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืฉืื“ื ืžืงื™ื™ื ืขื ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื–ืืช, ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ืœืง ืžื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืžื” ื›ื•ืœื” ื•ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”' ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช, ืื ืื“ื ืžืงื™ื™ื ื›ืš ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื•ืžื™ื™ื—ื“ ืงื•ื“ืฉื ื‘ืจื™ืš ื”ื•ื ื•ืฉื›ื™ื ืชื™ื” ื‘ืฉื ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ - ืื– ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื ืขืฉื™ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœืžื”, ืื– ื™ืฉ ื”ืฉืจืืช ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœืžื”.

ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ืงื“ื•ืฉื•ืช ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืจืืฉ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ
ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื ื• ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื‘ืช ืจืืฉ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ, ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืจืืฉ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื‘ื™ื—ื“. ืืœื• ืฉืชื™ ืงื“ื•ืฉื•ืช ื•ื›ืฉื”ืŸ ืžืชืื—ื“ื•ืช ืœื ื›ืœ ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืขื•ืžื“ืช ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื”, ืื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ืงื“ื•ืฉื•ืช ื ืคืจื“ื•ืช, ืืœื ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื•ืช. ื”ื’ืžืจื ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ื–ื‘ื—ื™ื (ื–ื‘ื—ื™ื ืฆื, ื) ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉืชื“ื™ืจ ื•ืฉืื™ื ื• ืชื“ื™ืจ - ืชื“ื™ืจ ืงื•ื“ื, ืžืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืงื•ื“ืฉ -ืžืงื•ื“ืฉ ืงื•ื“ื. ื”ื’ืžืจื ืฉื•ืืœืช ืžื” ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืื ื™ืฉ ืชื“ื™ืจ ื•ืžืงื•ื“ืฉ, ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ืชื“ื™ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ืœืฉืื™ื ื• ืชื“ื™ืจ ื•ื”ืžืงื•ื“ืฉ ื”ื•ื ืœื ืชื“ื™ืจ, ืื‘ืœ ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™ ืžืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืงื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืžืงื•ื“ืฉ ืงื•ื“ื, ืื– ื›ืฉืฉื ื™ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื ืžืชื ื’ืฉื™ื ื–ื” ื‘ื–ื”, ืžื” ืžื›ืจื™ืข - ื”ื’ืžืจื ืžื ืกื” ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžื”ืงืจื‘ืช ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช: ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ืชืžื™ื“ ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื ืœืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืกืคื™ื, ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืžื›ืš ืฉืงืจื‘ืŸ ื”ืชืžื™ื“ ืงื•ื“ื ืœืงืจื‘ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืกืคื™ื ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืงืจื‘ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืกืคื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงื“ื•ืฉ, ืกื™ืžืŸ ืฉืชื“ื™ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ืœืžืงื•ื“ืฉ! ืื•ืžืจืช ื”ื’ืžืจื ืฉื–ื• ืœื ื”ื•ื›ื—ื”, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื’ื ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืชืžื™ื“ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช, ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืฉื‘ืช, ืื– ื–ื” ืœื ื›ืžื• ืงืจื‘ืŸ ื”ืชืžื™ื“ ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช! ื”ื’ืžืจื ืžื ืกื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืจืื™ื” ืžืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ, ืžื›ืš ืฉืžื•ืกืคื™ ืฉื‘ืช ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื ืœืžื•ืกืคื™ ืจืืฉ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ. ื›ืš ืืžืจื ื• ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืช ืžื•ืกืฃ, ืงื•ื“ื ื”ื–ื›ืจื ื• ืืช ืžื•ืกืฃ ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืืช ืžื•ืกืฃ ืจืืฉ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื”ื’ืžืจื ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉืžื•ืกืคื™ ืฉื‘ืช ืคื—ื•ืช ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ืžืžื•ืกืคื™ ืจืืฉ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ. ื–ื” ืงืฆืช ืคืœื ืื‘ืœ ืจืฉ"ื™ ืฉื ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื˜ืขื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื ื›ื™ ื‘ืžื•ืกืคื™ ืจืืฉ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื™ืฉ ื›ืคืจื”, ืฉืขื™ืจ ืขื™ื–ื™ื ืœื—ื˜ืืช, ื•ื‘ืžื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ืช ืื™ืŸ ื›ืคืจื”. ืื ื›ืŸ, ื‘ืžื•ืกืคื™ ืจืืฉ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื™ืฉ ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ื‘ืžื•ืกืคื™ ืฉื‘ืช, ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ืžื•ืกืคื™ ืฉื‘ืช ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ื ืชื“ื™ืจื™ื, ื•ืžื›ืืŸ ื ืœืžื“ ืฉืชื“ื™ืจ ื•ืžืงื•ื“ืฉ - ืชื“ื™ืจ ืงื•ื“ื! ืื•ืžืจืช ื”ื’ืžืจื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ืš, ื›ื™ ื‘ืžื•ืกืคื™ ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื‘ืจืืฉ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื™ืฉ ื’ื ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืจืืฉ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ. ืœื ืจืง ื‘ืžื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœ ืจืืฉ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื™ืฉ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืจืืฉ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ, ื’ื ื‘ืชืžื™ื“ ื•ื‘ืžื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ืช ื™ืฉ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืจืืฉ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ.
ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ื›ืš ื’ื ืœืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™, ื’ื ื‘ืžื•ืกืคื™ ืจืืฉ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืฉื—ืœ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื™ืฉ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืฉื‘ืช. ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื•ืช ืœื ืฉื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื• ืœื–ื• ื•ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ืฉืชื™ ืงื“ื•ืฉื•ืช ื ืคืจื“ื•ืช, ืืœื ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ื”ืชืื—ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื•ืช. ืฉืชื™ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืื—ืช, ื›ืคื•ืœื” ื•ืžื›ื•ืคืœืช, ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืจืืฉ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ . ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื ืคื’ืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืจืืฉ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ, ื”ืจื‘ ืฆื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ืžื“ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืฉื‘ืช ื”ื™ื ืงื‘ื™ืขื ื•ืงื™ื™ืžื, ื”ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื, ื•ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช ืจืืฉ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื”ื™ื ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืฉื•ื ื”, ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื™ื” ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืฉื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื ืืœื” ืฉืžืงื“ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื. ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืœืœื ืงืฉืจ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืจืืฉ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื”ื™ื ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื”ื ืงื‘ืขืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืจื•ืฆื™ื ื”ื ื“ื•ื—ื™ื ืืช ืจืืฉ ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉ, ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืงื“ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ื•ื›ื›ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื, "ืžืงื“ืฉ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื" (ืžื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœ ืจืืฉ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ). ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืœื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื ื•ืกื— ื”ื–ื” ื›ื™ ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืœื ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืขืœ ืคื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื–ืืช ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช. ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืจืืฉ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืžืชื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื”, ืžื™ืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ื›ืชื‘, ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืžื™ื™ืžื™ - ืขื ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืฉืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช.
ืื ื ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืขื•ื“, ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื”ื–ืืช ืฉืœ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืงืฉื•ืจื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืื™ืŸ ืžืงื“ืฉื™ื ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืืœื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ (ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉ, ืคืจืง ื ื”ืœื›ื” ื—), ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืžืชืงื“ืฉ ืจืืฉ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ืžืชืงื“ืฉื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ื›ื•ืœื. ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืฉื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืžื™ื ื•, ื•ืชืžื™ื“ ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืคื’ืฉ ื›ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช, ืžืคื’ืฉ ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ืงื“ื•ืฉื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจ ื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ื‘ืžื™ื ื”.

ืœื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืžื—ื” ื•ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ืฉืžื—ื”
ืžืฉื ื›ื ืก ืื“ืจ ืžืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฉืžื—ื” ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืžื—ื” ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื ื” ื›ื•ืœื”, ื•"ืกืคืจ ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ื" (ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืขืฉื” ื”ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื™ื™ืžืŸ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื”, ืคืจืง ื‘) ืื•ืžืจ ืกื™ื‘ื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืœื›ืš - ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืฉื ืžืฆื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืงื™ื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉืžื—ื”, ื•ืจืžืช ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื”ื ื“ืจืฉืช ื ืœืžื“ืช ืžื”ืคืกื•ืง, "ืชึผึทื—ึทืช ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืœึนื ืขึธื‘ึทื“ึฐืชึผึธ ืึถืช ื”' ืึฑืœึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ ื‘ึผึฐืฉื‚ึดืžึฐื—ึธื” ื•ึผื‘ึฐื˜ื•ึผื‘ ืœึตื‘ึธื‘ ืžึตืจึนื‘ ื›ึผึนืœ" (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ื—, ืžื–), ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืžื—ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ืฉื ื” ื›ื•ืœื” ืขืœ ื”ื™ื•ืชื ื• ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืื™ืš ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืขืœ ื–ื” ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื‘ืื“ืจ, ืื ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื”ื›ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืงื™ื•ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ืœื ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžื” ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉืžืฉื ื›ื ืก ืื“ืจ ืžืจื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉืžื—ื” (ืชืขื ื™ืช ื›ื˜, ื), ื›ื ืจืื” ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืœื•ืช ื‘ืžืขืœื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ.
ื–ืืช ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืื“ืจ ืฉืžื’ื™ืข ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืขื•ืžืง ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”' ื‘ืฉืžื—ื”. ื•ื’ื ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืขื•ื‘ืจ ืื“ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื”ืฆื“ืงื” ืœืžืขื˜ ื‘ืฉืžื—ื” ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”', ืื ื’ื™ืœื™ื ื• ื“ืจืš ื—ื“ืฉื” ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”' ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืื•ืชื” ื•ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ื‘ืื” ืœืขืœื•ืช ืขื•ื“ ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”' ื‘ืฉืžื—ื”, ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, "ืคึผึดืงึผื•ึผื“ึตื™ ื”' ื™ึฐืฉืึธืจึดื™ื ืžึฐืฉื‚ึทืžึผึฐื—ึตื™ ืœึตื‘" (ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ื™ื˜, ื˜), ื–ื” ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื›ืœ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืฉืžื•ืคื ื ื•ื—ื•ื“ืจ ืคื ื™ืžื”, ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืฉืžืจื•ืžื ื•ืžืงื“ืฉ, ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืฉืžื—ื”. "ืคึผึดืงึผื•ึผื“ึตื™ ื”' ื™ึฐืฉืึธืจึดื™ื ืžึฐืฉื‚ึทืžึผึฐื—ึตื™ ืœึตื‘", ืื™ืŸ ืฉืžื—ื” ื›ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืื‘ืœ ืื“ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื–ื” ื•ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืฉืžื—ืช, ืฉื”ื•ื ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื›ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืื“ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืกื•ืง, ืœื”ื™ืคื’ืฉ ืขื ื“ื‘ืจ ื”', ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื”.
ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”', ืฉื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ืขืœื™ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ืฉื ื–ื›ื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืืช ื”' ื‘ืฉืžื—ื”, ืœืขืœื•ืช ื‘ืžืขืœื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ, ืœื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ื ื–ื›ื” ื‘ืžื”ืจื” ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉื–ื” ื™ืงื— ืขื•ื“ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื”ืจ ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืคืชืข, ืคืชืื•ื ื™ื‘ื ื” ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื•ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ืชื™ืจื•ืฆื™ื...



^ 1.. ืฉื ืช ืชืฉืข"ื.
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ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื

ืจืืฉ ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื‘ื™ืช ืืœ, ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ ืจื‘ ื”ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ืช ืืœ, ืžื™ื™ืกื“ ืขืจื•ืฅ 7. ืžืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื• ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืจืŸ ื”ืจืฆื™"ื” ื–ืฆ"ืœ ืœืงื•ืจื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื• ื”ืžืœืื™ื ืœื—ืฅ ื›ืืŸ.
ืชืจื•ืžื”
ืชืจื•ืžื”
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื

ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืžื”ื™ืจ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืฆื‘ื™ ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืฆื‘ื™ ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื“ื•ื‘ ืœื™ืื•ืจ
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื“ื•ื‘ ืœื™ืื•ืจ
  • ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื’
     ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื’
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืœืœ ื’ืคืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืœืœ ื’ืคืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืื™ืจ ืœืื•
     ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืื™ืจ ืœืื•
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ื ื™ ืืœื•ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ื ื™ ืืœื•ืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืœืžื” ืฉื•ืฉืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืœืžื” ืฉื•ืฉืŸ
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    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš

    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš โ€“ ื—ืงืช

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 606

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 606

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืคืจืฉืช ืฉื‘ื•ืข

    ืœื›ืœ ืื™ืฉ ื™ืฉ ืฉื. ืขืœ ื“ืช, ืจื ื•ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื›ืจืžืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ื—ืžื“ืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช

    ืžื’ืข ืžืื›ืœื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ื ื›ืœื™ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื›ืœื™ ืฉื ื™, ื•ืขื™ืจื•ื™

    ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ืฆืœืืœ ื“ื ื™ืืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    ื—ืงืช

    ืœืžื” ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื”ืคืš ืœื ื™ื™ืจ ื—ืกืจ ืขืจืš?

    ื”ืจื‘ ื ืชื ืืœ ื™ื•ืกื™ืคื•ืŸ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืœื ื˜ืจื’ื“ื™ื”, ืฆืžื™ื—ื”

    ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉืžื–ื”ื™ืจื™ื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืงื™ืขืชื• ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืฉืŸ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜, ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ืžืกืคืจืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืื—ืจ: ืขื•ืœื ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื ื™, ืืฉืจ ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืืชื’ืจื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื™ื, ื—ื•ื•ื” ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืคืจื™ื—ื” ื—ืกืจืช ืชืงื“ื™ื ื•ืžืขืžื™ื“ ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืœื›ืชื™ืช ืžืขืฉื™ืช ืœืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™

    ื”ืจื‘ ืื•ืจื™ ืกื“ืŸ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    ืฆื‘ื

    ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื ื”

    ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื”ืžื’ื“ืจื™ืช ื‘ืฆื‘ื ืื™ื ื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉืœ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื. ืชื ืื™ ื”ืœื—ื™ืžื”, ื”ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื•ื”ืงืจื‘ื” ื”ืžืžื•ืฉื›ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ืฉืืœืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื“ื™ื ื™ ืฆื ื™ืขื•ืช ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืื—ืจืช

    ื”ืจื‘ ืขื–ืจื™ืืœ ืืจื™ืืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” - ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื

    ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ืื‘ ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื‘ื ื• ืื•ืžื ื•ืช, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืžืงืฆื•ืข | ื’ื ืื ื”ื‘ืŸ ื™ื‘ื—ืจ ืœื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื• ืœืชื•ืจื”, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื˜ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืื‘ ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื‘ื ื• ืื•ืžื ื•ืช | ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉื”' ืžื‘ื™ื ืœืื“ื ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ืจื™ืฆื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• | ื”ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื›ืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ื”ืฉื | ื”ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืื—ื“ ืžืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื• ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื, ืฉื ื‘ืจื "ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื•ืœืฉื•ืžืจื”", ื•ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ืขื‘ื™ืจื”

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื-ืช ืค"ืฉ

    ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื-ืช-ืค"ืฉ ืคืจืฉืช ื—ืงืช

    ื•ึทื™ึตึผืฉึถืื‘ ื‘ึฐึผืึถืจึถืฅ ื˜ื•ึนื‘. ืžื”ื™ ืฉืžื” ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ืฉืžื” | ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื™ื, ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ ื•ืฉื™ืจืช ืžืฉื” ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืื–ื™ื ื• | ืžื” ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ื ื™ื— ืืช ื ื—ืฉ ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉืช ืขืœ ืขืžื“ื•, ื•ืจืง ื—ื–ืงื™ื”ื• ืžืœืš ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืขืžื“ ื•ืฉื‘ืจื• ืฉืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืื•ืชื• | ืจืื™ื” ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื” ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืจื•ืฆื— ื ืคืฉ ื‘ืฉื’ื’ื”. ื•ืขื•ื“!

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ - ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืœืžืŸ ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื

    ื™ืกื•ื“ ื•ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช

    ื“ืจืš ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื’' ืคืกืงื” ื”-ื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžื‘ืืจ ื›ื™ ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืžื•ืฉืชืช ืขืœ ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ืขืจืš ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ ื•ื”ืชืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืจืื•. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืจื‘ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืขืžื•ืงื” ื–ื• ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžืชืžื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ื•ื“ื‘ื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืจ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™, ืฉืฉื™ืื• ื•ื”ืฉืœืžืชื• ื‘ืื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ื”ืคื™ื›ืช ื”ืจืข ืœื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืฉืš ืœืื•ืจ.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    33 ื“ืง'
    ืžืืžืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™

    ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื•ืจื™ื

    ืžืืžืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื”ืžืฉืš ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืคืกืงื” ื–'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืงื™ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื ื“ืžื•ืช ืฉื›ืœืชื ื™ื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืื‘ ื•ืื ื•ื‘ืจื™ืช ืžื™ืœื”, ืชื•ืš ื”ื“ื’ืฉื” ืฉื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ ื›ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™. ื“ืจืš ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžื”ื’ืžืจื, ืคืกื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ ืกืคืจ ื”ื›ื•ื–ืจื™, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉืช ื”ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื”ืขืœ-ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืืœื•.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื‘ื™ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื•ืจืฅ | ื›"ื’ ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    33 ื“ืง'
    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉ"ืก

    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืงื“ืฉื•ืช

    ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ื”ืงื“ืฉื•ืช ืื™ื ื ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืจืง ืœืกื“ืจ ืงื“ืฉื™ื, ืืœื ื’ื ืœื ื“ืจื™ื ื•ืœื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช. ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ื‘ืื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื“ืžื™ื ืœืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืคื” ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื›ืœื™, ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื™ืจื•ืช, ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื ื™ืกื™ื ื–ืื’ื | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ

    ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื

    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืคืจืง ื”, ืคืกืงื” ื–-ื—

    ื™ืฉื ื” ื“ื•- ืกื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื—ืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ืื“ื ื•ืจืฆื•ื ื• ืœื”ื™ื˜ื™ื‘: ื”ืŸ ืžืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ื–ื• ืืช ื–ื• ื‘ื”ื“ื“ื™ื•ืช.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    30 ื“ืง'
    ื—ืงืช

    ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืกืœืข ืื• ื”ื›ืืชื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    10 ื“ืง'
    ื›ื”ื ื™ื

    ื‘ืจื›ืช ื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื - ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืœื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    1:00
    ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ืš - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•

    ืคืจืฉืช ื—ืงืช ืชืฉืค"ื• โ€“ ื”ื’ื™ืข ื–ืžืŸ ื’ืื•ืœืชื›ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื• | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    23 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื•

    ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ "ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘" ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื ื•ืชืง ืžื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืžืขืฉื™ืช, ื•ืžื‘ืงืจ ืืช ื”ื ืฆืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื—ืจื” ืœื”ื™ืฉืขืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืชื•ืš ื ื˜ื™ืฉืช ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืืœ ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื•ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœืกืœื•ืœ ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื•ืœื”ืืจืช ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœืŸ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื’' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    35 ื“ืง'
    ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช

    ื ืคื™ืœืช ืืคื™ื™ื - ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื•ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    7 ื“ืง'
    ื›ื”ื ื™ื

    ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื—ืก ืืœื™ื”ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    34 ื“ืง'
    ื—ืงืช

    ืกื•ื“ ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ื•ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ืžืกืžืœืช ืงื‘ืœืช ืขื•ืœ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ื™ื ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช, ื•ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ืžืื” ื•ื”ื˜ื”ืจื” ื”ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืงื“ื•ืฉืชื• ื•ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืจื‘ ืžืชืืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ืช ื–ื• ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืœื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืคื ื™ืžื™, ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื•ืฉืžื— ืืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืžืฉืชืงืฃ ื‘"ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ" ื•ืžื‘ื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืœื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ืฉืŸ | ื’' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    39 ื“ืง'
    ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ.ื™ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ

    ืžืœื—ืžืช ืขื•ืœื ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืœ ื•ืฉื ื”ื•ื•ื™ื”

    ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื” - ืžืืžืจ "ื ืื“ืจ ื‘ืงื•ื“ืฉ" ืกืขื™ืฃ ื“'

    ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืฆ"ืœ ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืืช ื”ืคื™ืกืงืื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช ื•ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืืช ืฉื ื”ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืฉื•ืจืฉ ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ. ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ | ืœ' ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื
ืื–ื•ืจ ืื™ืฉื™

ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœืš, ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื‘ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ื•ืœื”ืžืฉืš ืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื• ืขื–ื‘ืช ืื•ืชืŸ.

ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il