ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืžื“ื•ืจื™ื
  • ื—ืžื“ืช ื™ืžื™ื
  • ื”ืœื›ื” ืคืกื•ืงื”
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
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6 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”

ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืœืขื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืฉืžืช

ื”ืจื‘ ืžื™ืฉืืœ ื“ื”ืืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ

ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ
ืžืฉื›ื™ืจื™ื ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื



ื. ืชื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืžืงืจื” ื•ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืกื›ืžื•ืช

ื”ืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจื• ืืช ื‘ื™ืชื ืœื ืชื‘ืขื™ื. ืœื˜ืขื ืชื ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœืคื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืœืื•ืจ ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ ืžืชืžืฉืš ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช.
ืžืื™ื“ืš, ืœื˜ืขื ืช ื”ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื, ื™ืฉ ืœืงื–ื– ืžื“ืžื™ ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื‘ืžืฉืš ื—ืœืงื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืจืฃ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื—ื™ืžื•ื ืชืงื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ื™ืจื” (ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ื–ื”) ื•ื‘ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ืœืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื.

ื‘ื’ื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ื ื‘ื™ื ื—ืœืง ืžืคืกืง ื”ื“ื™ืŸ, ื”ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื˜ืขื ืช ื”ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืคืฆื•ืช ืื•ืชื ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื”ื“ื™ืจื” ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืชืงื™ืŸ ื‘ื—ืœืง ืžืŸ ื”ืชืงื•ืคื”.

ื‘. ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ ืขืœ ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืฉื›ืจ
ืœืคื™ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื™ื“ื™ื ื•, ื•ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืชื™ืื•ืจ ื‘ืคืจืง ื' ืœืขื™ืœ, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื—ื•ืจืฃ ืขื“ ืœืกื•ืฃ ื™ื ื•ืืจ ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื—ื™ืžื•ื ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืช. ืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉื ืขืฉื• ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืžืฆื“ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืขื‘ืจ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉ ืขื“ ืฉื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฆืœื—ื• ื•ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืกื™ื•ืžื•.

ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ืฉื ืคืœ ืื• ื”ืชืงืœืงืœ ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื ื—ืœืงื• ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื. ื“ืขืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ืฉื•ื›ืจ ื”ืคืกื™ื“ ื•ื›ืš ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื”ืฉื•"ืข (ืฉื™ื‘,ื™ื–):
ื”ืžืฉื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื™ืช ืœื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ืœื–ืžืŸ... ื•ืื ืžืขืฆืžื• ื ืคืœ, ืื ืืžืจ ืœื•: ื‘ื™ืช ื–ื” ืื ื™ ืžืฉื›ื™ืจ ืœืš, ืื™ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื‘ื ื•ืชื•, ืืœื ืžื—ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉื ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ื•ืžื—ื–ื™ืจ ืœื• ืฉืืจ ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช.
ืืžื ื ื™ืฉ ืฉื—ืœืงื• ืขืœ ื›ืš ื•ื›ืš ื•ื”ืจืž"ื ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืกืขื™ืฃ ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื–ื•:
ื ืฉืจืฃ ื”ื‘ื™ืช, ื“ื™ื ื• ื›ื ืคืœ (ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืคืจืง ื”ืื•ืžื ื™ืŸ ื•ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ืžื™ื™ืžื•ื ื™ ื“ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ืกื™ืžืŸ ืž"ื–). (ื ืฉืจืฃ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ, ื”ื•ื™ ืžื›ืช ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ืžื ื›ื” ืœื• ืžืŸ ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืชื• ืžื” ืฉืœื ื“ืจ ื‘ื•, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืงื“ื™ื ืœื• ืฉื›ืจื• ืื• ืœื) (ืฉื ื‘ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื•ืฉื ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ืžื™ื™ืžื•ื ื™ ื“ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื)
ื”ืžืคืจืฉื™ื ื”ืชื—ื‘ื˜ื• ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉื›ืŸ ืœืคื™ ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืงืจื” ืฉื ืฉืจืฃ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืฉื›ื•ืจ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืฉืžื ื›ื” ืœื• ืžื“ืžื™ ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืงืจื” ืฉื ืฉืจืคื” ื›ืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ, ื•ืื ื›ืŸ ืžื” ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ื‘ื”ื‘ืืช ื“ื™ืŸ ื ืฉืจืฃ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืžืžืฉื™ืš ื•ืžื‘ื™ื ื“ื™ืŸ ื ืฉืจืคื” ื›ืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื›ืฉืœืžืขืฉื” ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ื” ืฉื•ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื•ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ.
ื”ืกืž"ืข (ืฉื™ื‘, ืœื“) ืžื‘ืืจ ืฉืจืž"ื ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœื“ืขื” ื”ื—ื•ืœืงืช ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ: ื™"ื ื“ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื™ืชืŸ ืœื• ื›ืœ ืฉื›ืจื•" ื•ืื– ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ืฉื‘, ืฉื›ืŸ ื’ื ืœื“ืขืช ื”ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ื•ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื™ืชืŸ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื›ืจ ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉื ืคืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืฉืื ื–ื• ืžื›ืช ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื›ืš.
ื”ื˜"ื– ืงื™ื‘ืœ ื’ื ืืช ื”ื’ื”ืช ื”ืกืž"ืข. ื”ื’ืจ"ื (ืฉื™ื‘, ืœื˜) ื—ื™ื–ืง ืืช ื”ื’ื”ืช ื”ืกืž"ืข ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืืœื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ ืžืฉื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืื›ืŸ ืžื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ืขื” ื”ื—ื•ืœืงืช. ืœื›ืš ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืฉืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ืจืž"ื ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื”ื•ื
ืื›ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืชืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื™ืžื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืฉื‘ื”ื ืžื•ื‘ืืช ื”ื“ืขื” ื”ื—ื•ืœืงืช.
ื ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ (ืฉื™ื‘,ื™ื’) ื—ื™ื“ืฉ ืฉืื ื”ืงื“ื™ื ืœื• ืืช ื”ืžืขื•ืช ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืชื ืื™ ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช (ื•ืœื ืฉื ืชืŸ ืœื• ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืื• ืฉืชืคืก) ืœื›ืœ ื”ื“ืขื•ืช ืื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื ืคืœ (ื•ื™ื™ืฉื‘ ืขืค"ื™ ื–ื” ืืช ื”ืจืž"ื ืืฃ ืœืœื ื”ื’ื”ื”).

ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื ืขื•ืœื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ืื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืœื ืืช ืžืœื•ื ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช: ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืฉื•"ืข ื”ืœื›ื” ื›ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืฉื”ืฉื•ื›ืจ ืื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ืจืž"ื, ืœืคื™ ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ืžื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ืขื” ื”ื—ื•ืœืงืช ืฉื”ืฉื•ื›ืจ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืœื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœ.
ื”ื”ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืœืขืžื“ื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืœื ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ื• ื’ืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื™ื, ืฉื‘ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช, ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืงื ื” ื”ืฉื•ื›ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืœื›ืœ ื”ืชืงื•ืคื”, ื•ื‘ืชืžื•ืจื” ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืฉืœื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ื”ืชืงื•ืคื”, ืžื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉื•. ื›ืฉื ืฉื‘ืขืœื™ื ื’ืžื•ืจ ื”ืคืกื™ื“ ืื ื ืคืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช, ื›ืš ื‘ืขืœื™ื ืœื–ืžืŸ ืžืฉื ืคืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช โ€“ ืฉืœื• ื ืคืœ. ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืชืฉืœื•ื ืžืจืืฉ ื›ืชื ืื™ ืœืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื“ืขืช ื ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ืขื•ื“ ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื›ืจ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืœื ื”ื›ืœ ืœื›ืœ ื”ื“ืขื•ืช).

ืœืคื™ ื–ื” ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื’ื ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉื—ืœืง ืžื”ื“ื™ืจื” ื ื™ื–ื•ืง ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ื”ื”ื ืื” ืžื”ื“ื™ืจื” ืคื—ืชื” ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื–ื•.
ืืžื ื ื”ืฉื•"ืข ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื”ืžื” ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื›ืš (ืฉื™,ื):
ื”ืฉื•ื›ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ื”ืžื” ื•ื—ืœืชื” (ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ืœืžืœืื›ื”) (ื˜ื•ืจ)... ื”ืจื™ ื”ืžืฉื›ื™ืจ ืื•ืžืจ ืœืฉื•ื›ืจ: ื”ืจื™ ืฉืœืš ืœืคื ื™ืš, ื•ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื• ืฉื›ืจื• ืžืฉืœื.
ืžื›ืืŸ ืฉืื ื”ื‘ื”ืžื” ื”ืฉื›ื•ืจื” ื—ืœืชื” ื•ืื™ื ื” ืขื•ืฉื” ื›ืคื™ ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช, ืืš ื”ื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ืžืชื” ื•ื™ืฉ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื—ืœืงื™ ืื• ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืขืชื™ื“ื™, ื”ืฉื•ื›ืจ ืžืฉืœื ืฉื›ืจ ืžืœื. ื•ื–ืืช ืขืค"ื™ ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื (ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื”,ื), ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื˜ื•ืจ (ื—ื•"ืž ืฉื™): "ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืจืื•ื™ ืขื•ื“ ืœืžืœืื›ื” ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื™ืชืŸ ืœื• ื›ืœ ืฉื›ืจื•". ื›ืš ื‘ื™ืืจ ื”ืžื’ื™ื“ ืžืฉื ื” ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื–ื•: "ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื“ื—ืง ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื• ืฉื›ืจื•". ื•ืจืื” ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืžืื™ืจื™ (ื‘"ืž ืขื—, ื‘ ื“"ื” ื”ืฉื•ื›ืจ) ืฉื›ืš ื“ืขืชื• ืœื”ืœื›ื” (ืื ื›ื™ ื‘ืžื’ื‘ืœื” ืฉืื ื”ืฉื•ื›ืจ ืื™ื ื• ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืืช ื”ืขืกืงื” ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื›ืคื•ืช ืื•ืชื•).
ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ (ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืจืฉื‘"ื) ื—ื•ืœืง ืขืœ ื›ืš ื•ื”ืกื›ื™ื ืขืžื• ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื (ื‘"ืž ืขื—,ื ื“"ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืœื•) , ื•ืœื“ืขืชื ืžื ื›ื™ื ืœืžืฉื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื—ื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ืฉื ื’ืจื ืžื›ืš ืฉื”ื‘ื”ืžื” ืื™ื ื” ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“, ื•ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืื‘"ื“: "ืื‘ืœ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื›ืจ ื "ืœ ืฉืœื ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืื•ืชื• ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ื›ืจืื•ื™".
ื•ื›ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืง ื”ื’ืจ"ื (ืฉื™,ื“) ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจืฉ"ื™ ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉื ื” (ืขื—, ื ื“"ื” ื”ืจื™ ืฉืœืš) ืฉื›ืชื‘ "ื•ื ืคืกื™ื“ ืฉื ื™ื ื•" (ืื ื›ื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืฉื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืจืฉ"ื™ ืฉื”ืžืฉื›ื™ืจ ื™ืคืกื™ื“ ืžืขืฆื ื–ื” ืฉื”ื‘ื”ืžื” ื ืคื’ืขื” ื•ืขืจื›ื” ื™ื•ืจื“).
ื”ืžื’ื™ื“ ืžืฉื ื” (ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื”,ื) ื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื•ื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ื›ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืžืชื•ืกืคืชื ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช. ื”ื’ืจ"ื ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืœื›ืš ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉื–ื• ื’ื ื“ืขืชื• ืœื”ืœื›ื”.
ื ืžืฆื ืืคื•ื ืฉืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ืกื™ืขืชื• ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื—ืคืฅ ื”ืฉื›ื•ืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ืœืงื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ืฉื•ื›ืจ ืœืฉืœื ืขืœ ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื›ืจ ืžืœื. ืœื”ืœื›ื” ื”ืฉื•"ืข ื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ืจืž"ื ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื“ืขื” ื—ื•ืœืงืช ื•ื”ื’ืจ"ื ื’ื ื”ื•ื ื”ื›ืจื™ืข ื›ืฉื•"ืข ื•ื›ืŸ ืคื•ืกืง ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ื—ื‘ืฆืœืช ื”ืฉืจื•ืŸ (ื—ื•"ืž ืœ).
ืืžื ื ืจืื” ืขืžืง ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”, ืœื”, ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืž-ืžื‘ ืฉื“ืขืชื• ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื ื›ื•ืช ืžื”ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช (ื•ื”ืกืชืžืš ื’ื ืขืœ ืกืคืจ "ื“ื™ ื”ืฉื‘- ืื ืœืžืกื•ืจืช") ื•ื›ืŸ ืจืื” ืคื“"ืจ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื, ืขืž' ืงื– ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ืงื™ื ืœื™ ื›ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ ื•ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื.
ืืš ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” ื ืจืื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื ื›ื•ืช ืžื˜ืขืžื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื:

ื”ื™ื• ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืขื•ื“ ืงื•ื“ื ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช
ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉื”ื–ื›ืจื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ, ืžื“ื•ืข ื›ืฉื”ื‘ื”ืžื” ืžืชื” ืื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืœื ืืช ืฉืืจ ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื›ืฉื”ื‘ื”ืžื” ื—ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืœื ืขืœ ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื›ืจ ืžืœื ื’ื ื›ืฉืื™ื ื” ืจื•ืื™ื” ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ืขืช ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช.
ื ืจืื” ืžื›ืืŸ ืฉื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉื—ืคืฅ ื”ืฉื›ื•ืจ ืงื™ื™ื ืืฃ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืจืื•ื™ ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ืžืœื, ืื•ืžืจื™ื "ืžื–ืœื• ื’ืจื" ื•ื”ืฉื•ื›ืจ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืืช ื‘ื”ืคืกื“. ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ืคื ื™ ืžืฉื” (ื‘, ืœื‘ ื”ื•ื‘ืื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ืื“ืžืช ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื, ื—ื•"ืž ืกื– ื•ื”ืกื›ื™ื ืœื”ื):
ื•ื”ื•ื™ ื˜ืขืžื ื•ื“ืื™ ืžืฉื•ื ื“ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉื›ื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืœืคื ื™ื ื• ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื•ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื•ื›ืจ ื™ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ืžืžื ื• ืžืคื ื™ ืื™ื–ื” ืื•ื ืก ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื“ื ื•ื“ืื™ ื›"ืข ื™ื•ื“ื• ื‘ื” ื›ื™ ืžื–ืœื• ื’ืจื ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื•ื›ืจ ื“ื”ืจื™ ื"ืœ ื”ืžืฉื›ื™ืจ ื”ืจื™ ืฉืœืš ืœืคื ื™ืš... 1
ื•ื›ืŸ ื“ืขืช ื ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื‘ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืชื™ื (ืฉื™, ื‘):
ื•ื ืจืื” ื“ื”ื•ื ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื•ื›ืจ ื‘ื™ืช ื•ื ืœืงื— ืœืื ืฉื™ ื—ื™ืœ, ื“ืื ืืคืฉืจ ืœื“ื•ืจ ืขืžื ื”ื•ื™ ื›ืจืื•ื™ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืžืœืื›ื” ื•ืžืฉืœื ื”ื›ืœ...
ืืžื ื ื‘ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื“ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืฉื™ืงื•ืœ ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืฉื›ืŸ ื—ืœืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื”ืชืงืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื“ื™ืจื” ืขื•ื“ ืงื•ื“ื ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช . ืื ื›ืš ืื™ืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื›ื–ื” "ืžื–ืœื• ื’ืจื" ืฉื”ืจื™ ื›ืš ื”ื™ื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช, ื•ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžืฉื›ื™ืจ ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืช ืžืชื•ืงืŸ ืœืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ื•ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ืขืฉื” ื–ืืช ื”ืจื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืžืฉื•ื•ื™ ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ื—ื™ืกืจื•ืŸ.
ื›ืš ืขื•ืœื” ืžื”ืจื™ื˜ื‘"ื (ื‘"ืž ืขื—, ื‘ ื“"ื” ื ื”ื•ืจืชื™ื):
ืื•ืžืจ ืžื•ืจื™ ื–"ืœ ื“ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื”ื ื“ื•ืงื ืฉื”ื‘ืจื™ืงื” ืื—"ื› ืื‘ืœ ืžืชื—ืœื” ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืœื™ืชืŸ ืœื• ื—ืžื•ืจ ื›ื–ื• ื“ืžืกืชืžื ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืช ื”ืฉื•ื›ืจ ืขืœ ื›ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ื–ื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ืขื™ืงืจ.
ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืžืื™ืจื™ (ืฉื ืขื—,ื‘):
ื•ืื—ืจ ืฉืฉื›ืจื” ื ืกืžื™ืช ืื• ื”ืชืœื™ืขื• ืจื’ืœื™ื” ืฉืื ืื™ืจืขื” ื›ืŸ ืงื•ื“ื ืฉืฉื›ืจื” ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื˜ืขื•ืช ื•ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืœื• ื‘ื”ืžื” ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœืžืœืื›ืชื™ ืฉื›ืจืชื™...
ื•ื›ืŸ ื“ืขืชื• ืฉืœ ื ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ (ืฉื™,ื):
ื ืจืื” ื“ื•ืงื ื›ืฉื—ืœืชื” ืื—ืจ ืฉื‘ืื” ืœืจืฉื•ืชื•... ืจืง ื›ืฉื ื—ืœืชื” ืื—ืจ ืฉื‘ืื” ืœืจืฉื•ืชื• ืื•ืžืจ ืœื• ืžื–ืœืš ื’ืจื...
ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฉืžืข ืžืฉื•"ืช ืžื”ืจื™"ืœ ื“ื™ืกืงื™ืŸ (ืคืกืงื™ื ืื•ืช ืจื— ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืคืชื—ื™ ื—ื•ืฉืŸ ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืคืจืง ื• ื”ืขืจื” ื– ื•ื‘ื˜ืขื•ืช ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ืฉื ืื•ืช ืงื—) ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืขืœ ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื“ื™ืจื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืชื ืื™ ืข"ืž ืœืฉืคืฅ ืื•ืชื” ื•ื”ืชืขื›ื‘ื• ื‘ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืฉื”ืฉื•ื›ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื ื›ื•ืช ืžื“ืžื™ ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ืžื ื™ืขืช ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ 2 .

ื›ืฉื”ืฉื•ื›ืจ ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืชืงืŸ, ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืช ืชืงื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช.
ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืœืขื™ืœ ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืžื™ ืฉืฉื›ืจ "ื‘ื™ืช ื–ื”", ื•ื ืคืœ. ืืš ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื”ืกื›ื ื‘ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื“ืŸ, ื•ื›ืคื™ ื”ื ื•ื”ื’ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•, ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉื›ื™ืจ ืœืชืงืŸ ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืžืชื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ืจื” โ€“ ืฉื•ื‘ ื“ื•ืžื” ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื–ื”, ืœื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืกืชื, ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ ืœื• ื‘ื™ืช ืื—ืจ. ื›ืš ื’ื ื‘ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื›ื™ื•ื โ€“ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉื›ื™ืจ ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื (ื ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื’ื ืขืœ ืคื™ ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉื ืŸ ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉื›ื™ืจ ืœืชืงืŸ ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ืจื” ืจืื• ื—ื•"ืž ืกื™ืžืŸ ืฉื™ื“, ื-ื‘, ืืš ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ืคื™ ื”ื”ืกื›ื ื•ื”ื ื•ื”ื’ ืจื—ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ). ืœื—ื•ื‘ื” ื–ื• ืฉืชื™ ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ืคื—ืชืช ื“ืžื™ ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช:
ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื”ืกื‘ืจื ื ื•ืชื ืช ืฉื”ืžืฉื›ื™ืจ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืฉื•ื›ืจ โ€“ ืžื–ืœืš ื’ืจื, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ ื’ื•ืจื ื’ื ืœืžืฉื›ื™ืจ ื˜ืจื“ื” ืžื™ื“ื™ืช.
ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืื ื”ืžืฉื›ื™ืจ ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื–ื• ื›ืจืื•ื™, ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉื”ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืคื—ืชืช ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื ื›ืก ืœื ื”ื•ืขืžื“ ืœื”ื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื”ืกื›ื.
ืืœื ืฉืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ื‘ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉืื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื–ืžืŸ ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ื—ืจื™ื’. ืฉื›ืŸ ืžื•ืกื›ื ืฉื”ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ืจืื• ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ื ื•ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื ืœืฉืœื ืืช ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ ืžื”ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืžืชื•ืš ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ืฉื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืชื•ืงื ื• ืืฃ ืื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื™ืงื— ื–ืžืŸ ืžื”. ื•ืื›ืŸ, ืžื”ืชื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ื“ื™ื ื• ืื›ืŸ ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ื–ืžืŸ ืžื•ืคืจื– ืฉืœ ืชื™ืงื•ื ื™ื ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื ืจืื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื ื›ื•ืช ืžืกื›ื•ื ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืกื›ื•ื ืžืกื•ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืชื™ืงื•ื ื™ื, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืื ื• ืงื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืžื“ืžื™ ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช.

ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื, ืœืื•ืจ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื“ื™ืจื” ืชืงืœื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื•ืช, ื‘ืžืฉืš ืชืงื•ืคื” ื“ื™ ืืจื•ื›ื”, ื•ื”ืžืฉื›ื™ืจื™ื ืœื ืชืงื ื• ืืช ืื•ืชืŸ ืชืงืœื•ืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืกื‘ื™ืจ, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืžื“ืžื™ ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื•ืชื” ืชืงื•ืคื”, ืขืœ ืคื™ ืื•ืžื“ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ.



^ 1. ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื ื• ื›ืืŸ ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉืืœืช "ืื ื’ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื” ื—ื•ื–ืจืช" ืืœื™ื‘ื ื“ืจ"ื— ื•ืจืžื‘"ื ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ืฉื”ื‘ื”ืžื” ืœื ืชื—ื–ื•ืจ ื›ืœืœ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืœื ืฉื›ืจ ืขืœื™ื” ื•ืื™ืœื• ืœืคื™ ืจืฉ"ื™ ื•ื˜ื•ืจ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื‘ื”ืžื” ืฉื—ื•ื–ืจืช ืœืื—ืจ ื–ืžืŸ (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืกืž"ืข ืฉื™, ื‘).
^ 2. ืืžื ื ื”ืกืž"ืข (ืฉื™,ื— ื•ื™ืกื•ื“ื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื‘"ืž ืขื˜,ื) ืžื‘ืืจ ืฉืœืฉื•ื›ืจ ื™ืฉ ืชืจืขื•ืžืช ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉื›ื™ืจ ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉื”ื‘ื”ืžื” ืžืชื” ืžืฉื•ื: "ืฉื”ืฉื›ื™ืจ ืœื• ื‘ื”ืžื” ื›ื—ื•ืฉื” ื›ื–ื• ืฉืžืชื” ื‘ื—ืฆื™ ื”ื“ืจืš" ื•ืงืฆืช ืžืฉืžืข ืฉื”ื‘ื”ืžื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื›ื—ื•ืฉื” ืžืขื™ืงืจื, ืืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื›ื—ื•ืฉื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืฉื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืชื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ืืœื ื›ืš ืื™ืจืข ืฉืžืชื” ื•ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืชื” ื›ืœืœ.
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il