ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืกืคืจื™ื”
  • ืืžื•ื ื”
  • ืžืื‘ื ื™ ื”ืžืงื•ื
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
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12 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ื‘ืžืืžืจ ื–ื” ืœื ื ื‘ืงืฉ ืœื—ื“ืฉ ื“ื‘ืจ ื•ืืฃ ืœื ืœื˜ืขื•ืŸ ื˜ืขื ื” ื›ืœืฉื”ื™, ืืœื ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ืžืขื˜ ื‘ืชืžื•ื ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ืขื•ืœื” ืžืฆื™ืจื•ืฃ ืžืกืคืจ ืคืกืงืื•ืช ื‘ืกืคืจ "ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”" 1 . ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื“ืžื•ืช ืžืืžืจ ื–ื” ืœ"ื˜ื™ื•ืœ", ืฉื‘ื• ื›ืœ ืฉืœื‘ ืื™ื ื• ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ื”ืžืฉืš ืœื•ื’ื™ ืฉืœ ืงื•ื“ืžื•.

ืคืชื™ื—ื”
ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืื ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ื‘ืฉืœืฉ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช: ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช, ืืžื•ื ื™ืช, ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉื›ืœื™ืช. ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื™ืฉ ืฉื ื™ ื—ืœืงื™ื: ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช ื•ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื ืคืฉื™ืช 2 .

ืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”?
ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื•ื”ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ืœืขื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช, ืฉืขืœ ืฉืžื• ื”ืŸ ื ืงืจืื•, ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื”: ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜, ื”ื’ื•ืคื ื™ ื•ื”ื ืคืฉื™, ื”ืืžื•ื ื” (ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื) ื•ื”ืฉื›ืœ.
ืื•ืœื, ื ืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ืจื‘ ืœื ื›ืชื‘ 'ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ื“ืจืš ืฉืœืฉื” ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช' ื›ื™ ืื 'ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืื ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ื‘ืฉืœืฉ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช'. ื•ืื›ืŸ, ื‘ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคืช ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ืจ ืžื‘ื™ื ืœืžืขืจื›ื” ืฉืœืžื” ื•ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”.
ืœืชื•ืขืœืช ื”ืงื•ืจื, ื ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจื‘ ืขืœ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ื•ื ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืžืขื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ืฉื›ืœื™ืช. ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ืžื” ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช.

ืฉืœืฉ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”
ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืžื” ืฉืžื‘ื™ื ืืœื™ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜, ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื• ื”ืื“ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉื™ืฉ ืงืœืงื•ืœ ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืœืชืงื ื•, ื•ื›ืš ืœืฉื•ื‘ ืœื—ื™ื™ื• ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ื™ื.
ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ื” ื–ื• ื”ื•ื ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช:
ื”ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช ืกื•ื‘ื‘ืช ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ื ื’ื“ ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข, ื”ืžื•ืกืจ ื•ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืžืงื•ืฉืจื™ื ืขื ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข, ืฉืกื•ืฃ ื›ืœ ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ืจืขื” ื”ื•ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื•ืžื›ืื•ื‘ื™ื, ื•ื”ืจื‘ื” ืกื•ื‘ืœ ืžื–ื” ื”ืื“ื ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ื”ื›ืœืœื™. ื•ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ืฉืžืชื‘ืจืจ ืืฆืœื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ, ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ื”ื ื”ื’ืชื• ื”ืจืขื” ืืฉื ื”ื•ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืื•ืชื• ื“ืœื“ื•ืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื‘ื ืœื•, ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉื ืœื‘ ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืฆื‘, ืœืฉื•ื‘ ืœื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืืช ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข, ื”ืžื•ืกืจ ื•ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืœืžืขืŸ ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ื™ื—ื™ื” ื•ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื• ืืœื™ื• ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืจืขื ื ื•ืชื. ื”ืžื“ื™ืฆื™ื ื™ื” ืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ื–ื” ืืžื ื ื”ืจื‘ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื ืฉืชื›ืœืœื” ื›ืคื™ ื”ื ืจืื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื–ื•, ื•ืœื ื ืžืฆื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื›ืœ ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช, ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืœืื“ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืื‘ื•ื“ ืžืžื ื• ืžืฆื“ ื”ื—ื˜ืื™ื ืžื”ืจืกื™ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ื›ื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื•.

ื“ื•ื’ืžื ืœืขื‘ื™ืจื” ื ื’ื“ ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ื™ื ื”ืขื™ืฉื•ืŸ: ืกื•ื‘ืœ ืžื›ืš ื”ืŸ ื”ืื“ื ื”ืคืจื˜ื™, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ืžืขืฉืŸ, ื•ื”ืŸ ื”ืื“ื ื”ื›ืœืœื™ - ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ื›ื•ืœื”. ื›ืš ื’ื ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ื”ืื•ื™ืจ ื”ื•ื ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ื ื’ื“ ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืคื•ื’ืขืช ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช.
ื™ื•ืชืจ ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื”ื ืคืฉื™ืช ื•ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช. ื”ื•ื ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจืื™ื ืžื•ืกืจ ื›ืœื™ื•ืช. ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ื ืคืฉ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ื”ื•ื ืœืœื›ืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ื™ืฉืจื”, ื•ื›ืฉืกืจ ืžืŸ ื”ื“ืจืš, ื›ืฉื ืคืœ ื‘ื—ื˜ื, ืื ื ืคืฉื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื ืฉื—ืชื” ืœื’ืžืจื™, ื”ืจื™ ื”ื—ื•ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืฉืจื•ืช ืžื“ืื™ื‘ ืืช ืœื‘ื‘ื• ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืชืžื•ื’ื’ ืžื›ืื‘, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื–ื“ืจื– ืœืฉื•ื‘ ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืขื•ื•ืช, ืขื“ ืืฉืจ ื™ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ ื ืžื—ื” ื—ื˜ืื•.

ื›ืืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืจื ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืื™ื ื• ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ื’ื•ืคื ื™ ืืœื ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ื ืคืฉื™, ืžื•ืกืจ ื”ื›ืœื™ื•ืช.
ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื‘ืื” ื”ืืžื•ื ื™ืช, ื”ื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืžืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืžืกื•ืจืช ื•ื”ื“ืช. ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื” ืœืฉื‘ื™ ืคืฉืข ืกืœื™ื—ื”. ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื•ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื ืžื—ื™ื ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”. ื”ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ืžืœืื™ื ื”ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื ืฉื’ื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”. ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื›ืœ ืขืจืš ื”ืชื•ื›ื—ื” ื”ืชื•ืจื™ืช ื‘ื ื•ื™ ื”ื•ื ืขืœ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ืืžื•ื ื™ืช..."

ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ืืžื•ื ื™ืช, ื”ืžืขื•ืจืจ ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืื™ื ื• ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืืœื ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉื‘ื” ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื›ื— ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”.
ืขืœ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ืฉื›ืœื™ืช ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื”ืจื‘:
ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ืฉื›ืœื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืื•ืชื” ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืจื›ืฉื” ืœื” ืืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื•ื”ืืžื•ื ื™ืช, ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื” ืœืžื“ืจื’ื” ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื”, ืืฉืจ ืœื ืจืง ืฆืขืจ ื’ื•ืคื ื™ ืื• ื ืคืฉื™ ื•ืจื•ื—ื ื™ (ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช), ื•ืœื ืจืง ื”ืฉืคืขืช ื”ืžืกื•ืจืช ื•ื”ืงื‘ืœื” (ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ืืžื•ื ื™ืช), ืื ืžืคื—ื“ ืขื•ื ืฉ ืื• ืจื•ืฉื ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ื•ืง ื•ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ื‘ืื” ืžื”ืŸ ืืœ ืคื ื™ื ื”ื ืคืฉ, ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ื ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ื›ื™ ืื ื”ื›ืจื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื”, ื”ื‘ืื” ืžื”ืฉืงืคืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืฉืœืžื”, ืืฉืจ ืขืœืชื” ืœืžืขืœืชื” ืื—ืจื™ ืืฉืจ ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื•ื”ืืžื•ื ื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ืจืฉืžื• ื‘ื” ื™ืคื” ืืช ืจืฉื•ืžื™ื”.

ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื–ื•, ื”ื›ืœื•ืœื” ืžื”ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช, ื”ื™ื ืžืœืื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืื•ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืงืฅ. ื”ื™ื ื‘ืื” ืœื”ืคืš ืืช ื”ื—ื˜ืื™ื ื›ื•ืœื ืœื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช, ืžื›ืœ ื”ืฉื’ื™ืื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืžื•ืฆื™ืื” ืœืžื•ื“ื™ื ื ืฉื’ื‘ื™ื, ื•ืžื›ืœ ื”ื”ืฉืคืœื•ืช ืขืœื™ื•ืช ื ื”ื“ืจื•ืช. ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉืขื™ื ื™ ื›ืœ ืืœื™ื” ื ืฉื•ืื•ืช, ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื•ื›ืจื—ืช ืœื‘ื•ื ื•ืฉืกื•ืคื” ืœื‘ื•ื.

ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ืฉื›ืœื™ืช
ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ืฉื›ืœื™ืช ื ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืžืขื˜.
ื”ืจื‘ ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื›ื™ ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ืฉื›ืœ: "ื”ืฉืงืคืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืฉืœืžื”". ื‘ืื™ื–ื• ื”ืฉืงืคืช ืขื•ืœื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ?
ื ืฉืžืช ื›ืœ ื”ืืฆื™ืœื™ืช ืžืฆื˜ื™ื™ืจืช ืœืคื ื™ื ื• ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉืชื”, ื›ืžื” ืฉื”ืœื‘ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืกืคื•ื’. ื•ื”ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ื”ื›ืœ ื”ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื™ืฉืจ ื›ืœ ื›ืš, ื•ื”ื™ื•ืฉืจ ื•ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉื‘ื ื• ื”ืœื ื”ื•ื ื‘ื ืžื”ืชืืžืชื ื• ืืœ ื”ื›ืœ, ื•ืื™ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงืจื•ืข ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœ, ืคืจื•ืจ ืžืฉื•ื ื”, ื›ืื‘ืง ื“ืง ืฉืœื ื ื—ืฉื‘. ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื›ืจื” ื–ื•, ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื›ืจื” ืืœื”ื™ืช ื‘ืืžืช, ื‘ืื” ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืคืจื˜ ื•ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื›ืœืœ 3 .

'ื ืฉืžืช ื›ืœ ื”ืืฆื™ืœื™ืช', ื‘ื”ืกืชื›ืœื•ืช ืžืขืžื™ืงื” ื•ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืื“ื ืจื•ืื” ื›ื™ ื ืฉืžืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื›ื•ืœื” ืื—ืช ื”ื™ื! ื”ืขื•ืœื ืื™ื ื• ืื•ืกืฃ ื™ื‘ืฉ ืฉืœ ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืืœื ื™ืฉ ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื•ืžื’ืžื” ืฉืกื‘ื™ื‘ื ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืกื•ื‘ื‘. ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ื ืฉืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืงืฉืจืช ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืœื‘ื•ืจืื”, ื•ื›ืœ ื—ืœืง ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื ื•ืขื“ ืœื‘ืฆืข ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ื‘ื”ืจืžื•ื ื™ื” ืขื ื”ื—ืœืงื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื, ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืฉื ื”' ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืื“ื ืžื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื›ืš ื•ื‘ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืชื• ืœืื—ื“ื•ืช ื–ื•, ื”ืจื™ื”ื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ืœืžื”ืœืš ื–ื” ื•ืœื ืœื”ืชื ืชืง ืžืžื ื•, ื•ื“ืื™ ืœื ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืืœื™ื• 4 .
ื”ื›ืจื” ื–ื•, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ื”ืชืฉื•ืงื” ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื‘ืื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืชื™ื”, ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ืžืขืžื™ืงื” ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืืช ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื”' ืืช ืขื•ืœืžื•, ื•ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื‘ื”ื ืฆื™ืจ ืžืจื›ื–ื™. ื”ืจื‘ ื ื™ืกื— ื–ืืช ื‘ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ: "ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื”" 5 .
ื ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ืคืกืงื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ื”ืžืžื—ื™ืฉื” ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื–ื”:
ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ ื•ื›ืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจ ืคืจื˜ื™, ื”ื”ืกืชื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ื•ื›ืœ ืื™ืฉ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ ื•ืžืขืฉื™ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ืงืจื™ื ื‘ืกืงื™ืจื” ืื—ืช, ื›ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืขืœ ืคืจืงื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื•ืื– ืžืžื”ืจืช ื”ื“ืขื” ื”ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืœื™ื“ื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœื‘ื•ื 6 .

ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ื›ื•ืœื, ืืฃ ืฉื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ื”ื ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื˜ื‘ืข, ืžืกืชื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ืืช ื™ื“ ื”': ื”ืกืชืจ ื™-ื”. ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™, ืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืจื•ืข ืœืžืฉื ื”ื•. ืื•ืœื ื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื ื‘ืจืื” ืœืžื˜ืจื” ืื—ืช ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœืžืกืงื ื” ื›ื™ ื’ื ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื›ื•ืœื ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ื”ื ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืžื’ืžื”, "ื›ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืขืœ ืคืจืงื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื", ื•ืื– ืžื‘ื™ืื” ื”ื“ืขื” ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืคืจืง ื‘'.
ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื”ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื˜ื‘ืข: ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื—ื˜ื ื•ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” 7
ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ืจืžื•ื ื™ื” ื•ื”ืื—ื“ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืžืชื‘ื˜ื ื’ื ื‘ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื—ื˜ื ื•ื‘ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืื“ื ื•ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื‘ืจื™ืื”.
ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ืกืคืจ ืžืชืืจ ื”ืจื‘ ืืช ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื—ื˜ื ื›ื”ืชืจื—ืงื•ืช ืžื”ื”ืจืžื•ื ื™ื” ืฉื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื” 8 . ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืจื™ื—ื•ืง ื–ื” ื”ื ืงื•ืฉื™ ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื—ืœืงื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ื”ืจืžื•ื ื™ื” ื–ื• (ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”) 9 , ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื—ื˜ื ืžืขืžื™ืง, ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื•ืœ ืืฃ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืจื•ืข ืขื™ืŸ ื•ืฉื ืื” ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื 10 . ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื–ื•ื”ื™ ืชื•ืฆืืช ื”ื—ื˜ื, ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืชื‘ื•ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืื“ื ื™ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ืงืœืงื•ืœ ืฉื‘ื›ืš.
ืžืื™ื“ืš, ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื ืขืฉื” ื”ืื“ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืชืจ ืฉืืช ืœืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” 11 .
ืฉื ื™ ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืืœื• ืžืชื•ืืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื:
ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฆืœื™ื— ื‘ืกืชืจื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืœื ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”. ื›ื™ ื‘ืขื ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื”ื”ื ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื“ืขืช ื”ื ื‘ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืื—ื“. ื•ื›ืฉืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื•ืš ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ื™ื ื™ื ืœืคื™ ืžื™ื“ืช ืขื– ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘, ืื– ื›ื•ืกืคื™ื ื•ืžืฆื™ื™ืจื™ื ื›ืœืœื™ื•ืช ื•ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื ืื™ืš ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ื•. ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉื”ืขื•ื•ื ื•ืช ืžื‘ื“ื™ืœื™ืŸ, ื ืคื’ื ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืขืžื•ืงื” ื‘ืœื‘ื‘ื• ืœื—ืคืฅ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ื•ื”ืคืจื˜ื™, ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื•ื˜ื‘ืข ื‘ืขื•ืœ ื•ื–ื•ื”ืžืช ื”ื—ื˜ื, ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืฉืชื–ืจื— ื‘ื• ื”ื“ืขืช, ื•ืžืกืชืชืžื™ื ื”ืฆื ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื’ืช ืกืชืจื™ ืชื•ืจื”. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ืœื‘ืจืจ ืืช ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื“ืขืช ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฆืœื•ืœื” ื•ื‘ื”ื™ืจื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื 12 .

"ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื“ืขืช ื”ื ื‘ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืื—ื“". ื›ืืฉืจ ืื“ื ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืœืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ื•ื•ื™ืชื• ื•ืžื’ืžืชื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ืžืžื™ืœื ืžืชืขื•ืจืจืช ื‘ื• ื”ืชืฉื•ืงื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ืชืฃ ืœื›ืš, ื•ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืžืชื—ื–ืง ืจืฆื•ื ื• ื›ืš ื ืขืฉื” ื”ืื“ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื›ื™ ื‘ืจื•ื‘ื“ ื”ืขืžื•ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื–ื” ื›ื•ืœื• ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืื“ื ืขื ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”'. ื–ื”ื• ืจื•ื‘ื“ ืขืžื•ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืื•ืชื• ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”' ืžืชื’ืœื” ื“ืจืš ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื”, ื•ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช, ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื”ื™ื ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”' ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
ื›ืš ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื—ื˜ื:
ื”ื ื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ืื™ืš ื”ืขื•ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื›ืžื—ื™ืฆื” ื ื’ื“ ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™, ื”ื–ื•ืจื— ื‘ืจื‘ ื–ื”ืจื• ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื ืฉืžื”, ื•ื”ื ืžื—ืฉื™ื›ื™ื ื•ืžืืคื™ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื ืฉืžื”... 13 .

ื•ื›ืš ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”:
...ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ืœืคื™ ื–ื”, ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืœื™ื“ื™ ื’ืื•ืœื” ื‘ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช. ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืืœื”ื™ืช, ืฉืžืชื’ื‘ืจืช ื‘ืงืจื‘ื•, ื ื’ืืœ ื”ืื“ื ืžื›ืœ ืฉืขื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื—ื•ืช ื”ื–ืจื™ื ื”ืฉื•ืœื˜ื™ื ืขืœื™ื•, ื•ื”ื›ืœืœ ื›ื•ืœื• ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ืžื™ื“ ื”ื•ื ื ื’ืืœ, ืžืชื•ืš ื‘ื”ื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืื•ืจื” ื”ืืœื”ื™ืช ื”ืฉื•ืคืขืช ืขืœื™ื•, ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” (ื˜ื•, ื˜).

ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ืœืื—ื“ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื”: ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืขื•ื•ื ื•ืช ืœื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืžืื—ื“ืช ืืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ืขื ื”ืขื‘ืจ 14 .
ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉืื“ื ื—ื•ื˜ื ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืœืžื ื“ืคื™ืจื•ื“ื, ื•ืื– ื›ืœ ืคืจื˜ ื•ืคืจื˜ ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื•. ื•ื”ืจืข ื”ื•ื ืจืข ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื•, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืขืจืš ืจืข ื•ืžื–ื™ืง. ื•ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉื‘ ืžืื”ื‘ื” ืžื™ื“ ืžืชื ื•ืฆืฅ ืขืœื™ื• ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ืฉืœ ืขืœืžื ื“ื™ื—ื•ื“ื, ืฉื”ื›ืœ ืžืชืืจื’ืŸ ื‘ื• ืœื—ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ืื—ืช, ื•ื‘ืงืฉื•ืจ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืจืข ื›ืœืœ, ื›ื™ ื”ืจืข ืžืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืืœ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืชื‘ืœื• ื•ืœื”ืจื™ื ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืช ื™ืงืจืช ืขืจื›ื•. ื•ื‘ื–ื” ื ืขืฉื™ื ื”ื–ื“ื•ื ื•ืช ืœื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืžืฉ 15 .

ืืžื ื ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืืจืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืžื™ื“ ื ืžืกืจื™ื ืœืžืคืจืข ื›ืœ ื”ืžื’ืจืขื•ืช ืฉื‘ื—ื™ื™ื•, ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืžืขืฉื™ื, ืฉืœื’ื‘ื™ ืขืจื›ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ืื™ื ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื, ื•ืชื•ืฆืื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ ื”ืŸ ืžืจื•ืช ืœื•, ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”, ื•ื›ื•ืœื ื ืขืจื›ื™ื ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื™ืกื•ื“ ื—ื•ืคืฉื• ื•ื‘ื—ื™ืจืชื•, ื•ืžืฆื˜ืจืคื™ื ื”ื ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื”, ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”, ืืฉืจ ื›ืœ ืžืขืฉื™ื ื• ืคื•ืขืœืช 16 .

ืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”?
ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ืคืชื™ื—ื”, ืžืœื‘ื“ ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืฉื•ื ื” ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžื’ืœื” ืขื•ืœื ื—ื“ืฉ, ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœืคื ื™ื”.
ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช-ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื™ื ืœื” ื”ื•ื ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ื’ื•ืคื ื™ ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜. ื”ื™ื ื ื•ื’ืขืช ืืš ื•ืจืง ื‘ืงื•ืžืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ, ื•ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื–ื• ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื, ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžืช, ืืฃ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ืืฉืจ ืœื”ื ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื ืงื˜ื™ื ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื.
ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื™ื ืœ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช-ื ืคืฉื™ืช ื”ื•ื ื›ื‘ืจ "ื™ื•ืชืจ ืคื ื™ืžื™" - ืžื•ืกืจ ื”ื›ืœื™ื•ืช (ืžืฆืคื•ืŸ). ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื–ื• ื ื•ื’ืขืช ื‘ืงื•ืžืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื ืคืฉ, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ื™ื ื‘ืื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืขืœ ืคื’ืžื™ื ืžื•ืกืจื™ื™ื, ื•ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืœื” ืจืง ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื. ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื–ื• ื ื•ื’ืขืช ื‘ื ืคืฉ, ื”ื™ื ืื™ื ื” ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืจืง ืž"ืฉื™ืžืช ืœื‘" ืœืงืœืงื•ืœื™ื ืืœื ืž"ื“ืื‘ื•ืŸ ืœื‘", ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื›ืื‘ ืขืžื•ืงื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.
ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ืืžื•ื ื™ืช ืžืจื—ื™ื‘ื” ืืช ืžื•ืฉื’ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืคื ื™ื:
ื. ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืื™ื ื” ืžืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ืืœื ืžืžืงื•ืจ ืฉืžืžืขืœ ืœื• - ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืืžื•ื ื”. ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื›ืคื•ืœ: ืžื—ื“ ื’ื™ืกื, ื”ื™ื ืžืงื™ืคื” ื’ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื•ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืฉืžืฆื“ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื. ืœืžืฉืœ, ืขืœ ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ืฉื‘ืช ืžืขื•ืจืจ ืœืฉื•ื‘ ืจืง ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืืžื•ื ื”, ื•ืœื ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™. ืžืื™ื“ืš ื’ื™ืกื, ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ืื•ืชื” ืจืง ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืืžื•ื ื”, ื•ืœื ื›ืœ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช.
ื‘. ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžื—ื“ืฉืช ื›ื™ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื’ื ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื”ื ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช "ืžืขื•ื•ืช ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืชืงื•ืŸ". ื–ืืช ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช, "ืฉืœื ื ืชื‘ืจืจ ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืœืื“ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืื‘ื•ื“ ืžืžื ื• ืžืฆื“ ื”ื—ื˜ืื™ื ืžื”ืจืกื™ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ื›ื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื•".
ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ืฉื›ืœื™ืช "ื”ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืœืื” ืื•ืจ 17 ืื™ืŸ ืงืฅ". ืœืื•ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉื”ื•ื‘ืื• ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืžื”ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื”ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื–ื•, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœ ืžืกืคืจ ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ื›ืœื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื”, ื”ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืœืื•ืจ ื–ื”. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื—ืœืง ื–ืืช ืœืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ืคืขื•ืœืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ืžื”ื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”.
ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”:
ื. ื”ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืžื‘ื™ื ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืื™ื ื• ื”ื—ื˜ื ื•ื”ืฆืขืจ ืฉื‘ืื• ืœืคื ื™ื”, ืฉื”ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ืœืื“ื, ืืœื ื”ื›ืจื” ืืœื™ื” ืฉื•ืชืฃ ื”ืื“ื ืขืฆืžื• (ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื›ืจื” ื–ื• ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืื•ืœื ืชื•ืจื” ื–ื• ื ืขืฉื™ืช ืชื•ืจื” ื“ื™ืœื™ื”, ื—ืœืง ืžืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ืœื•ืžื“).
ื‘. ืžื›ืืŸ ื ื•ื‘ืข ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื ื•ืกืฃ: ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืžื™ืจืื” 18 , ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืžื ื™ืข ืœื”ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืชื•ืฆืื•ืชื™ื”ื ื”ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื˜ืื™ื, ื”ืฆืขืจ ืฉื‘ื ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื–ืืช, ื•ื”ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ืื• ื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ื›ื™ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืชืงืŸ. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉื›ืœื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื‘ืื” ืœื ืจืง ืžืจืฆื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ืœืงืœืงืœ, ืืœื ืžืจืฆื•ืŸ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ืชืฃ ืœืžื’ืžืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื”, ื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืžืื”ื‘ื”.
ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืคืขื•ืœืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”:
ื. ืืฃ ื›ืืŸ, ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ืืžื•ื ื™ืช, ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ืฉื›ืœื™ืช ื—ื•ื“ืจืช ืขืžื•ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ืžืื™ื“ืš ื”ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ืื•ืชื” ืžืชืžืขื˜ื™ื. ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ืืžื•ื ื™ืช ืžืชืงื ืช ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ืชืจื™"ื’ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื”ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉื›ืœื™ืช ืจื•ืื™ื ืœื ื’ื“ ืขื™ื ื™ื”ื ืืช ืžื’ืžืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื›ื•ืœื”, ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืฉ"ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ ืขื•ืœื" ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ "ื—ื˜ื ื”ืืจืฅ" (ื˜ืขื ื”ืขืฅ ืื™ื ื• ื›ื˜ืขื ื”ืคืจื™. ืขืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื—ื˜ื ื–ื” ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื•, ื–).
ื”ืขื™ืฆื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ืฉื‘ืขื•ืœื ืžืงื•ืจื• ื”ื•ื ื‘ื–ื•ื”ืžืช ื”ื›ืœืœ ื”ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื—ืœืœื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื, ืžื—ื˜ืืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื, ื•ืžื—ื˜ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื›ืžื•ืกื”, ืฉื™ืฆืื” ืœืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ื—ื˜ืืช ื”ืื“ื, ืฉืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ ืขื•ืœื, ื•ืžืฉื™ื— ื‘ื™ื—ื•ื“, ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ืžื”ื•ืช ื—ื˜ื ื–ื” ื•ืžื”ืคื›ื™ื ืื•ืชื” ืœืฉืžื—ื” 19 .

ื‘. ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืื™ื ื” ืจืง ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืงืœืงื•ืœื™ื ืืœื ื›ืœ ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืฉื•ืชืคื” ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืงืจื‘ืช ืื•ืชื• ืœื‘ื•ืจืื•, ืžืงื•ืจื•. "ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ืชื•ืคืกืช ืืช ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื, ืขืœื™ื” ื‘ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœ ื”ืชืงื•ื•ืช ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื•ืช" 20 . ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืื™ื ื ื” ืจืง " ืกื•ืจ ืžืจืข ", ืืœื ื’ื " ืขืฉื” ื˜ื•ื‘ " 21 .
ื’. ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืœื ืจืง ืืช ื”ืื“ื (ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ืื• ื”ื›ืœืœื™) ืืœื ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื›ื•ืœื”. ื•ื–ืืช ื‘ืฉืชื™ ืงื•ืžื•ืช: ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืงืœืงื•ืœื™ื”, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื ืœืขื™ืœ, ื•ื’ื ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื›ืœ ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช.
...ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืื” ืžืฉืื™ืคืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ืžื–ื•ื›ื›ืช, ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืกื™ื ื” ื•ืžืขื•ืœื” ืžืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื. ื‘ืชื•ืš ื—ืคืฅ ื–ื” ื—ื‘ื•ื™ ื›ื— ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื’ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžื“ื” ื”ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื•ื™ื” ื•ืขืœ ื—ื•ืœืฉื•ืชื™ื”. ื•ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ืช, ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“, ื•ืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื‘ื•ืจ, ืฉื•ืื‘ืช ื”ื™ื ืืช ื›ื—ื” ืžืžืงื•ืจ ื—ื™ื™ื ื–ื”, ืฉื”ื•ื ืคื•ืขืœ ืชืžื™ื“ ื‘ืขื•ื–ื• ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ืคื•ืกืงืช 22 .

ืืžื ื ื‘ืžืขืžืงื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืžืชื ื•ืฆืฅ ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื’ืข ืื•ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืขืœื™ื•ื ื”, ื›ืฉื ืฉืื•ืจ ืฉื•ื˜ืฃ ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ื•ืœืš ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ื•ืžืœื•ืื™ื”ื ืœื—ื“ืฉื, ื•ืœืคื™ ืขืจื›ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืจ ื•ืžื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ื•ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืžืชืžืœืื•ืช ื”ื ืฉืžื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืฆืจื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื, ื•ืคืจื™ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื•ืกืจื™ืช ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ืฆื•ืžื— ืžืชื•ืš ืฉื˜ืฃ ื–ื”. ื•ื ืžืฆื ืื•ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• ื•ื—ื“ื•ืฉื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืฆื•ืจื•ืชื™ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ื•ืขื“ืŸ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื•ื ืชืœื•ื™, ื•ืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ ืื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื™ื— ื•ื™ืฉื•ืขืชื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืชื—ื™ืช ื”ืื•ืžื” ื•ื”ืืจืฅ, ื”ืฉืคื” ื•ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช, ืฉื”ื›ืœ ืžืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืฆื, ื•ืžืžืขืžืงื™ื ืืœ ืžืจื•ืžื™ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ื™ื•ื‘ืื• 23 .

ื›ืฉืฉื•ื›ื—ื™ื ืืช ืžื”ื•ืช ื”ื ืฉืžื” ื”ืขืฆืžื™ืช, ื›ืฉืžืกื™ื—ื™ื ื“ืขื” ืžืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืขืฆืžื•, ื”ื›ืœ ื ืขืฉื” ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื‘ ื•ืžืกื•ืคืง. ื•ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ืจืืฉื™ืช, ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืื™ืจื” ืืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื›ื™ื ืžื™ื“, ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืื“ื ืืœ ืขืฆืžื•, ืืœ ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื ืฉืžืชื•, ื•ืžื™ื“ ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืืœ ื”ืืœื”ื™ื, ืืœ ื ืฉืžืช ื›ืœ ื”ื ืฉืžื•ืช, ื•ื™ืœืš ื•ื™ืฆืขื“ ื”ืœืื” ืžืขืœื” ืžืขืœื” ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื•ื‘ื˜ื”ืจื”. ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื ื•ื”ื’ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืื™ืฉ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื ืฉืœื, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื•ื™ื” ื›ื•ืœื”, ืฉืงืœืงื•ืœื” ื‘ื ืชืžื™ื“ ืžืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืฉื•ื›ื—ืช ืืช ืขืฆืžื”. ื•ืื ืชืืžืจ ืฉื”ื™ื ื—ืคืฆื” ืœืฉื•ื‘ ืืœ ื“' ื•ืืช ืขืฆืžื” ื”ื™ื ืื™ื ื” ืžื›ื•ื ื ืช ืœืงื‘ืฅ ืืช ื ื“ื—ื™ื”, ื”ืจื™ ื”ื™ื ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืจืžื™ื”, ืฉืชืฉื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื–ื” ืืช ืฉื ื“' ืœืฉื•ื. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืจืง ื‘ืืžืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืืœ ืขืฆืžื• ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืื“ื ื•ื”ืขื, ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ื, ื”ื”ื•ื™ื” ื›ื•ืœื”, ืืœ ืงื•ื ื”, ืœืื•ืจ ื‘ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื. ื•ื–ื”ื• ื”ืจื– ืฉืœ ืื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื™ื—, ื”ื•ืคืขืช ื ืฉืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืฉื‘ื”ืื™ืจื• ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ื”ื•ื™ื”, ื•ืื•ืจ ื“' ืขืœื™ื• ื™ื’ืœื”. ื•ืžืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื”ื–ืืช ื™ืฉืื‘ ื”ืื“ื ืืช ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืืžืชื” 24 .

ื•ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืžื”ื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”:
ื. ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืขืฆืžื” ื”ืจื™ื”ื™ ืžื’ืžืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื”. ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• ื ื‘ืจื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ืจื™ื—ื•ืง ืžื”ืงื‘"ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืืœื™ื•, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ื™ื’ืœื” ืืช ืฉื ื”' ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ืžืชื’ืœื” ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืœืื›ื™ื 25 . ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ื–ื• ืžืขืฆื™ืžื” ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ืงื” ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ืœืžื’ืžื” ื–ื•. ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ืžื’ืžืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื”ืจื™ื”ื™ "ืžื•ื›ืจื—ืช ืœื‘ื•ื", ืฉื›ืŸ ืœื ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื™ื‘ืจื ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื‘ื˜ืœื”.
ื‘. ืœื ืจืง ืฉื›ืœ ื—ืœืงื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืฉื•ืืคื™ื ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื, ืืœื ืฉืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ ื•ื”ื›ืœืœ ื™ื—ื“ ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืฉืœืžื•ืช ืื—ืช: ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœืงื‘"ื”. ื’ื ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืžืงื‘ืœืช ืขืชื” ืื•ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืื™ื ื” "ืขื•ื“ ืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืžืชื’ืœื” ื‘ื•", ืืœื ื—ืœืง ืžืžื”ื•ืช ืฉืœืžื” ื•ืื—ื“ื•ืชื™ืช, ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืœื‘ื•ืจืื”.
ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช, ืฉื”ื™ื ืขืœื•ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืชืงื•ื ื•, ื•ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ืช, ื”ื ื•ื’ืขืช ืœืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื—ื“, ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ื“ืงื•ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ืชื™ืงื•ื ื™ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื, ืฉืจื•ื— ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืœืคืจื˜ื ืœืคืจื˜ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื, ื”ืŸ ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืื—ื“. ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืœ ืื•ืชื ืชืงื•ื ื™ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช, ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื ื”ืขื•ืœื ื™ื•ืฆื ืžื—ื•ืจื‘ื ื•, ืกื“ืจื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื, ื”ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื•ืžืฉืชื›ืœืœื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืชืงื•ื ื™ ื›ืœ ื—ื˜ื ื•ืขื•ืŸ ืžื—ืžื•ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื—ืžื•ืจื™ื ืขื“ ื“ืงื“ื•ืงื™ ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ื•ืžื“ื•ืช ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ืคืœื’ื•ืช, ื›ื•ืœื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ืื—ืช, ื•ืื™ื ื ืžื ื•ืชืงื™ื ื–ื” ืžื–ื”, "ื•ื›ื•ืœื”ื• ืœื—ื“ ืืชืจ ืกืœื™ืงื™ืŸ" 26 .

ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื›ื•ืœื” ืื—ืช ื”ื™ื, ื›ืœ ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืฉื ืคืขืœ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื›ื•ืœื•. ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืžืฆืื ื• ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื”ืžืฉืคื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœืœ 27 , ื•ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืชื™ื” ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• 28 . ืืžืŸ, ื›ืŸ ื™ื”ื™ ืจืฆื•ืŸ.




^ 1.. ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื–ื•ื™ื•ืช ืจืื™ื” ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช, ื”ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื” ื–ื•.
^ 2.. ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืคืจืง ื. ื–ื”ื• ื’ื ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜ื™ื ื”ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืฉืœื ืฆื•ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืžืงื•ืจ.
^ 3.. ืกื•ืฃ ืคืจืง ื‘.
^ 4.. ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ื™, ื˜ - "ืฉื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืื“ื ืžืกืชื›ืœ ื‘ืžืื•ืจ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ, ืžืชื’ืœื” ืžื™ื“ ื”ื–ื”ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื“ืง ื”ืžื—ืœื˜ ื•ื”ื™ื•ืคื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื”, ื•ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื ื•ืจืื” ืชื•ืงืคืชื•, ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื’ื ื”ื•ื ืื—ื•ื– ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื–ื”ืจ ื•ื”ื™ื•ืคื™, ื•ืฉื—ื™ื™ื• ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ืฉืจืฉื™ื ื›ื•ืœื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื”ืœื›ื™ื”ื...".
^ 5.. ื™, ื’. ืœื ื•ืฉื ื–ื” ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ื—ืœืง ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ืคืจืง ื™: "ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื–ื• ืœื–ื• ื‘ื›ืœืœื•ืชืŸ ื•ื‘ืžืขืœื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื•ืช".
^ 6.. ื“, ื“.
^ 7.. ืคืกืงื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ื” ืžืืžืจ ืžื•ืกื’ืจ.
^ 8.. "ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• ืžืœื ื”ื•ื ื”ืจืžื•ื ื™ื”. ื”ื”ืชืืžื” ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืžืคืœืฉืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื—ื“ืจื™ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื•ื—ื’ื•ื™ื”. ื”ืžื•ืกืจ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื•ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืชื™ื• ื”ื—ื–ืงื•ืช ื”ื ื ื ืžืฉื›ื™ื ื•ื‘ืื™ื ืžื”ื“ ืงื•ืœื ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื—ืœืงื™ ื”ื”ื•ื™ื”, ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื—ื•ื“ืจื™ื ื–ื” ื‘ื–ื”, ื•ื”ื ืคืฉ ื›ื•ืœื” ื”ื™ื ืžืœืื” ื‘ื›ื•ืœื ื•ืžืื•ื—ื“ืช ื‘ื›ื•ืœื. ื›ืœ ืงืฆื™ืฆื” ืžื•ืกืจื™ืช , ื‘ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ืžืขืฉื” , ื‘ืชื›ื•ื ื” ื•ื‘ืžื–ื’ , ื’ื•ืจืžืช ื—ืชื™ื›ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืžื‘ื™ืื•ืช ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืœื›ืœ ืžืขืจื›ื™ ื”ื ืฉืžื” , ืฉื™ืกื•ื“ื ืฉืœ ื™ืกื•ืจื™ ืจื•ื— ืืœื” ื”ื•ื ื›ื— ื”ืžืจืขื™ื“ ืฉืœ ืกืœื•ืง ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืกื“ื•ืจ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื•ื™ื” ื›ื•ืœื” ืžืฆื ื•ืจื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื ืฉืžื” ื”ื—ื•ื˜ืืช . ื•ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืฉืžื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื”ื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืžืจื’ืฉืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืช ื”ืจืขื“ืช ืžื›ืื•ื‘ื™ื”, ืขื“ ืฉืชืฉืงื™ื˜ ืืช ื›ืื‘ื” ื‘ื–ืจื ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืžืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ, ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืื—ื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืงืจืขื™ื ื›ื•ืœื ื•ืžื–ืœืช ื˜ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืžื™ืฉืจื™ื ืžื›ืœ ืฉื“ืจื•ืช ื”ื”ื•ื™ื”, ืื—ื“ ื‘ืื—ื“ ื™ื’ืฉื•, ืขื“ ื—ืœืงื™ ื”ื ืฉืžื” ื”ืฉื‘ื” ืœืชื—ื™ืชื” ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ื‘ืจื—ืžื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ื‘ื—ื“ื•ืช ืขื•ืœืžื™ื" (ื—, ื–).
^ 9.. "ื”ื—ื˜ื ืกื•ืชื ืืช ื”ื”ืืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื”, ืฉื“ืจืš ื’ืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ื ืžืฆื“ ื”ื”ืจืžื•ื ื™ื” ื”ืžืชืžื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ืฉืžื” ื”ืžื›ืจืช ืืช ื›ืœืœื™ื•ืช ื”ื”ื•ื™ื” ื›ื•ืœื” ื•ืžืงื•ืจื” ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ, ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืชื’ืœื” ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ืฆื ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื ืฉืžื”, ืฉื”ื“ืขื” ื•ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื‘ื• ื”ื ื‘ืื—ื“ื•ืช ืžื—ื•ื˜ื‘ื”. ื›ืœ ื—ื˜ื ืžืขืฉื™ ืงื•ืจืข ื”ื•ื ืืช ื”ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ืช ื”ื–ืืช, ืžืขืžื™ื“ ื”ื•ื ืืช ืžืขื’ืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื”, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ื”ื•ืคืขื” ื”ืžืคื›ื” ื›ืžืขื™ืŸ ื–ืš ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืœืื•ืชื• ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ืžื—ื•ืœืœ, ืขื“ ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ื ื—ื, ื•ืื•ืจ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ืœืคื™ ืขืจืš ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื›ืจืชื” ื•ืขื•ืžืง ื”ืกื›ืžืชื”, ื™ืฉื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ื”ืจืžื•ื ื™ื” ืœืื™ืชื ื”, 'ื”ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืœื™ ืฉืฉื•ืŸ ื™ืฉืขืš ื•ืจื•ื— ื ื“ื™ื‘ื” ืชืกืžื›ื ื™'" (ื˜, ื•). ืœื ืืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื›ืœ ืžื™ืœื” ื‘ืคืกืงื” ื–ื•, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืื™ื ื™ ืžืชื™ื™ืžืจ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื›ืœ ืขื•ืžืงื”. ืื•ืœื ื ืจืื” ืœื™ ืฉื”ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ืขืžื•ืงื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื”, ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงืœื•ื˜ ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืจืื•ื™ ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ืฉืขื•ืœืžื• ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืœื•ืžื“, ื”ืžืชื’ืœื” ื‘ื“ืขื” ื•ื‘ืจืฆื•ืŸ, ื™ื”ื•ื•ื” ืžืฆืข ืœืงืœื™ื˜ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื. ื›ืืฉืจ ืชื•ื›ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ืžื ื•ืชืง ืžื”ื, ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ืคื ื™ื ืืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื• ื•ืœื ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืขื•ืžืงื•.
^ 10.. "ื›ืœ ื—ื˜ื ืžื“ืื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ืœื‘, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืกื•ืชืจ ืืช ื”ืื—ื“ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ืช ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื•ื™ื” ื›ื•ืœื”... ืืžื ื ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืฆืขืจ ืื™ื ื ื• ืžืขืฆื ื”ื—ื˜ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“ื• ื›ื™ ืื ืžื™ืกื•ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื˜ื ื•ืžืชื•ื›ืŸ ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื ืคืฉ, ืฉื ืขืฉื” ื”ืคื•ืš ืžืกื“ืจ ื”ื™ืฉื•ืช, ื”ื–ื•ืจื—ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ ื•ื”ืžืื•ืจื’ืŸ ื‘ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืžืขื•ืœื”. ื•ืžืคื ื™ ื–ื” ืื•ืชื ืืฉืจ ื ืคืฉื ืจืขื” ืžื™ืกื•ื“ื” ื•ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ื—ื˜ืื™ื ื›ื•ืœื ืžื•ื ื— ื‘ื“ืขื•ืชื™ื”ื, ื‘ืฉืื™ืคืชื ื•ื‘ืชื›ื•ื ืช ืœื‘ื‘ื, ื”ื ื ืจืขื™ ื”ืขื™ืŸ ืืฉืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• ื ืจืื” ืœื”ื ื‘ืฆื‘ืข ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืฉื—ื•ืจ ืขื“ ืื™ืŸ ืชื›ืœื™ืช. ื”ื ื”ื ื”ืžืชืจืขืžื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืขืฆื™ื‘ื• ื“ื˜ื—ื•ืœ, ืืฉืจ ืœืขื’ื ืžื›ืœ ื”ื”ื•ื™ื” ื”ื•ื ืฉื—ื•ืง ื”ื›ืกื™ืœ, ืืฉืจ ืœื ื™ื“ืข ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”' ืœื›ืœ ื”ื•ื" (ื—, ื’). ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ื—, ื“.
^ 11.. "ืื•ืคืง ื”ื”ื‘ื˜ื” ืžืชืจื—ื‘ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืจืฆื•ื ื™ ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ ืžืชืืจืš ื•ืžืชืคืฉื˜ ืžืงื“ืžื™ ืชื‘ืœ ื•ืžืงื™ืฃ ืขื“ ืื—ืจื™ืช, ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช. ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื’ื“ืœื• ื•ืืจื›ื•, ืจื—ื‘ื•, ืจื•ืžื• ื•ืขืžืงื• ืฉืœ ืžื‘ื˜ ื—ื•ื“ืจ ื–ื”, ืžืชื’ืœื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ื—ืกื“ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ ื‘ืืžื™ืชืชื•..." (ื˜, ื‘).
^ 12.. ื™, ื—.
^ 13.. ื–, ื”. ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ื”, ื‘; ื˜ื•, ื™.
^ 14.. ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ื–, *ื.
^ 15.. ื™ื‘, ื”.
^ 16.. ื˜ื–, *ื.
^ 17.. ื›ืš ื‘ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืžื•ืกื“ ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง. ื‘ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืื•ืจ ืขืฆื™ื•ืŸ "ืื•ืฉืจ".
^ 18.. ืœื ืจืง ื™ืจืืช ืขื•ื ืฉ, ืืœื ื’ื ื™ืจืืช ื—ื˜ื (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืกืจ ืื‘ื™ืš ื, ื•).
^ 19.. ื™ื“, ื–.
^ 20.0. ื”ืงื“ืžื”.
^ 21.. ืืžื ื, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ื’ื ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ "ืกื•ืจ ืžืจืข" ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช "ืขืฉื” ื˜ื•ื‘", ืฉื›ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ืชืจื—ืงื•ืช ืžื”ืจืข ื”ื™ื ื’ื ื”ืชืงืจื‘ื•ืช ืœื˜ื•ื‘.
^ 22.. ื•, ื.
^ 23.. ื“, ื™ื. ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ื•, ื–; ื™ื–, ื’.
^ 24.. ื˜ื•, ื™.
^ 25.. ืื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื, ื™ื’.
^ 26.. ื“, ื’. ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ื™ื“, ื™ื’.
^ 27.. "ื•ื”ืื“ื ืžืชื—ื“ืฉ ืœื‘ืจื™ืื” ื—ื“ืฉื”, ื•ื™ื•ืฆืง, ื‘ืขื– ืจื•ื—, ืจื•ื— ื—ื™ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืชื™ื•, ื•ืžื‘ืฉืจ ืœื›ืœ ื“ื•ืจื• ื•ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืขื•ืœื ืฉื—ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจื™ื, ื’ื™ืœืช ื•ืจื ืŸ ื•ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื’ืื•ืœื”, ืฆื”ืœื” ื•ืจื ื”, "ื•ื™ืกืคื• ืขื ื•ื™ื ื‘ื“' ืฉืžื—ื”, ื•ืื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ ืื“ื ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ื’ื™ืœื•" (ื˜ื–, ื•). "... ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื•ืฉืจ ืฉื ืžื—ื• ื›ืœ ืคืฉืขื™ื•, ื”ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื, ื•ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื‘ืจื ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืจื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื”, ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ื ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื• ืขืžื•, ื•ื”ื›ืœ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืจื”, ื—ื“ื•ืช ื”' ืžืœื ื›ืœ, 'ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉืžื‘ื™ืื” ืจืคื•ืื” ืœืขื•ืœื, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉืขืฉื” ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืžื•ื—ืœื™ืŸ ืœื• ื•ืœืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื•'" (ื’).
^ 28.. "ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื‘ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ื”ืขื•ื“ืคืช, ื”ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื”. ื”ื™ื ื”ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ืฉืกื’ื•ืœืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืชืชื’ืœื” ื‘ื” ืชื—ื™ืœื”; ื”ื™ื ื ื“ื—ืคืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืืžืช ืขื ื”ืื•ืจื” ื”ืืœื”ื™ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื” ื—ื˜ื ื•ืขื•ืŸ, ื•ื›ืœ ื ืกื™ื’ื” ืžืชื›ื•ื ื” ื–ื• ืžืฆื™ื“ื” ื”ืจื™ ื”ื™ื ืคื•ื’ืžืช ืืช ืฉืœืžื•ืช ืื•ืคื™ื” ืฉืœ ืื•ืžื” ื–ื•, ืฉืกื•ืฃ ืกื•ืฃ ื›ื—ื” ื”ื—ื–ืง ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฆื— ืืช ื”ื”ืคืจืขื”, ื•ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืฉืœืžื” ืชื‘ื ืืœื™ื” ื•ื‘ืจื‘ ื›ื— ืชื—ืœ ืœืคืขืžื”, ื•ืื•ืจ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ื” ื‘ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ื•ืื—ืจ-ื›ืš ืชื”ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืฆื ื•ืจ ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื”ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืืช ืœืฉื“ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืชืื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ืขื“ื™ื ื” ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื•, ืœื”ืื™ืจ ืื•ืชื• ืœืงื•ืžื ืžืฆื‘ื•" (ื”, ื—).
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
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