ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืกืคืจื™ื”
  • ื”ืœื›ื”
  • ืžืขืฉื” ืจืฉืช
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
  • ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืžื“ื™ื ื”
  • ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื—ื™ื™ื
  • ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช
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9 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ืŸ: ื–' ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื™ื
ื. ื—ื–"ืœ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืœื ื•: "ืืœ ืชืขืฉ ืขืฆืžืš ื›ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ืŸ", ื•ืœื”ื•ืจืื” ื–ื• ื ืืžืจื• ืฉื‘ืขื” ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื™ื, ื•ืœืคื™ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื™ืฉื ื• ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœืžื•ืจื” ื”ื•ืจืื” ืœืขื ื•ืช ืœืฉืืœืช ืื“ื ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืžื ื™ืœืžื“ ืœื”ืขืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ, ืืœื ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•ืืœ ืœืœื›ืช ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื ืงื™ ื•ืœืฉื˜ื•ื— ืจืง ื‘ืคื ื™ื”ื ืืช ื˜ืขื ื•ืชื™ื• ืžื‘ืœื™ ืฉื™ื•ื“ืข ื”ืื ื˜ืขื ื•ืชื™ื• ืžื•ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืœื•, ื•ื›ืš ื™ืฆื ื“ื™ืŸ ืฆื“ืง ืœืื•ืจ 1 .
ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ืฉื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช
ื‘. ื”ื™ืชืจ ืขื ื™ื™ืช ืฉืืœื•ืช ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืœืฉื•ืืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ ืชืœื•ื™ื” ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื–ื”, ื•ืœืžืขืฉื” ื ื—ืœืงื• ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื”ืื ืœืงื‘ืœื•. ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจื"ืฉ ื•ื”ืจื™ื‘"ืฉ ื™ืฉ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœืขื ื•ืช ืœืฉื•ืืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช, ื•ืื™ืœื• ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจืฉื‘"ืฉ, ื”ืžื”ืจืฉื“"ื ื•ื”ืžื”ืจื™ื‘"ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื•ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื›ืš ืžืฆื•ื” 2 .
ื“ืขืช ืžืจืŸ
ื’. ืžืจืŸ ื”ืจ"ื™ ืงืืจื• ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” (ืื‘ืงืช ืจื•ื›ืœ ืกื™' ืคื) ื ื˜ื” ืœืืกื•ืจ ืืš ื‘ืฉื•ืœื—ื ื• ื”ืขืจื•ืš (ื—ื•"ืž ื™ื–, ื”) ืœื ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืžื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ. ืืžื ื ื”ืจืž"ื ื›ืŸ ืžื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื›ื•ืชื‘: "ืœื ื™ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืฉื•ื ื—ื›ื ืคืกืง ืœืื—ื“ ืžื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื“ื™ื ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ืจืš ืื ื›ืŸ, ืื• ืฉื™ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืœื• ื“ืขืชื• ื‘ืœื ืคืกืง, ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœื ืฉืžืข ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืฉื ื™ื”ื, ืฉืžื ืžืชื•ืš ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื™ืœืžื“ื• ืœืฉืงืจ" 3 .
ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื
ื“. ื”ืขื•ืœื” ืžืŸ ื”ืืžื•ืจ, ืฉื™ืฉื ื” ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื”ืื ืœื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืœืฉื•ืืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช, ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืฉื™ื‘ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื” ืคืกืงื ื™ืช ืืœื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืื ืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ืฉืืœื” ื ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืื–ื™ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื›ืš ื•ื›ืš. ื‘ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื ื–ื›ืจื• ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ื”ื•ืจืื” ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ ืืฃ ืื ื ืงื‘ืœ ืœื”ืœื›ื” ืืช ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืกืขื™ืคื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื 4 .
ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืœื›ื•"ืข ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ
ื“ื™ืŸ ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื˜ืขื ื•ืช
ื”. ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื•, ืื•ืœื ืœื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื•ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื‘ื”ืœื›ื” ืžื•ืชืจ 5 .
ื' ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื—ื›ื ืื• ืืœืžื ื”
ื•. ืื ืื—ื“ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืช"ื— ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ืคืš ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืชื• 6 . ื•ื™"ื ืฉืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ืืฉื” ืืœืžื ื” 7 .
ืœื”ืคืจื™ืฉ ืžืื™ืกื•ืจ
ื–. ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืœืืคืจื•ืฉื™ ืžืื™ืกื•ืจื ืื™ืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ืžื™ื“ืช ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืืœื ืžืฆื•ื” ืื™ื›ื, ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื“ืจืจื ื“ืžืฆื•ื” ืื™ืŸ ืœื—ื•ืฉ ืœื—ืฉืฉื ื–ื• 8 .
ื”ืฉื•ืืœ ืื“ื ื‘ื“ื•ืง ื•ื›ืฉืจ
ื—. ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืขื ื•ืช ืื ืœื ืฉืืœ ื™ื“ื•ืข ืฉื”ืฉื•ืืœ ื”ื•ื ืื“ื ื‘ื“ื•ืง ื•ื›ืฉืจ ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœื™ื• ืฉืœื ื™ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ืœืจืขื” 9 .
ื”ืฉื•ืืœ ื”ื•ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•
ื˜. ืื ื”ืžืฉื™ื‘ ื”ื•ื ืื“ื ืฉืื™ื ื• ื—ืฉื•ื‘, ื™"ื ืฉืžื•ืชืจ ืœื• ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืœืงืจื•ื‘ื• 10 (ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื™ืฉื ื” ืžืฆื•ื” ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” "ื•ืžื‘ืฉืจืš ืœื ืชืชืขืœื", ื•ื›ืŸ ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืื—ืช ื ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ื‘ืขืœ ื“ื™ืŸ ืื—ื“, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื ื›ืœืœื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ืขื‘ื™ื“ ืื™ื ื™ืฉ ื“ื™ื ื ืœื ืคืฉื™ื”). ื•ื™"ื ืฉืื ื”ืžืฉื™ื‘ ืื™ื ื• ืื“ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื• ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืงืจื•ื‘ื•.
ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืœื ื™ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื“ื™ืŸ ืชื•ืจื”
ื™. ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืื ื™ืฉ ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉืฉื ื™ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืœื ื™ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื“ื™ืŸ ืชื•ืจื” 11 .
ืกื™ื›ื•ื
ื™ื. ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ืืคืฉืจื™ืช ืจืง ื‘ื”ืกืชืžืš ืขืœ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื›ืœ ื”ื“ืขื•ืช, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื, ืื• ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืœืืคืจื•ืฉื™ ืžืื™ืกื•ืจื, ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื”ืžืฉื™ื‘ื™ื ืื™ื ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื 'ืื“ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘' ื•ืœื—ืœืง ืžื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืืฃ ืœืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืงืจื•ื‘ื, ื•ื’ื ืœืขืชื™ื ื™ืฉ ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉืื ืœื ื™ืงื‘ืœื• ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื™ืœื›ื• ืœืขืจื›ืื•ืช, ืื• ืฉื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ื›ืœืœ ืœื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ืืœื ืจืง ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ืžื”ื™ ื”ื”ืœื›ื”.
ื™ื‘. ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ื™ืจื“ื” ืงืจื ื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช, ื™ืฉ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืคื ื™ื ื•ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืงื‘ืœ ืขื ื•ืขื“ื” ืœื›ืœืœ ื”ื’ื•ืœืฉื™ื, ืฉื‘ื›ื•ื—ื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจืชื ื• ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœื” ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš ืœืžืฆื•ื ืคื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ืœื›ืœ ืกื›ืกื•ืš ืื• ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ืžืชืขื•ืจืจืช, ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืŸ ืœื ื™ืœื›ื• ืœืจืขื•ืช ื‘ืฉื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื™ื.
ื™ื’. ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉื”ืฉื•ืืœ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ื“ืข ืžื” ืœื˜ืขื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืœื• ืืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืคื ื•ืช ืื•ืชื• ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ.





^ 1.) ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ืื‘ื•ืช (ืคืจืง ื ืžืฉื ื” ื—):
ื‘ืŸ ื˜ื‘ืื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืืœ ืชืขืฉ ืขืฆืžืš ื›ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ืŸ. ื•ื›ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืขืœื™ ื“ื™ื ื™ื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ืš ื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ืš ื›ืจืฉืขื™ื, ื•ื›ืฉื ืคื˜ืจื™ื ืžืœืคื ื™ืš ื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ืš ื›ื–ื›ืื™ืŸ ื›ืฉืงื‘ืœื• ืขืœื™ื”ื ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ.
ืžื” ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ื•ืจืืช ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช "ื›ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ืŸ"?
ืžืฆืื ื• ืžืกืคืจ ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื™ื ืœื›ืš:
ื. ื”ื•ืจืื” ืœืžื•ืจื” ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ืœื‘ืจืจ ื˜ืขืžื™ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ืฉื ืžืกืจื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ. ื›ืš ืื™ืชื ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ืื‘ื•ืช ื“ืจื‘ื™ ื ืชืŸ (ืคืจืง ื™): "ืืœ ืชืขืฉ ืขืฆืžืš ื›ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืื ื‘ืืช ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ื•ืฉืžืขืช ื“ื‘ืจ ืื• ื”ืœื›ื” ืืœ ืชื™ื‘ื”ืœ ื‘ืจื•ื—ืš ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืืœื ื”ื•ื™ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื•ืฉื•ืืœ ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ื˜ืขื ืืžืจื• ืžืื™ื–ื” ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืื• ื”ืœื›ื” ืฉืฉืืœื•ื ื™".
ื‘. ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ ื”ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืœืคื ื™ ืจื‘ื• ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื•ืœืคืกื•ืง ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ืจื‘ื•. (ืจื‘ื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื” ื‘ืจื˜ื ื•ืจื ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืื‘ื•ืช ื, ื— ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™).
ื’. ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขืฆืžื• ื›ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื”ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœื›ื•ืฃ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืื• ืœืคื ื™ื• ืœื“ื™ืŸ. (ืจื‘ื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื” ื‘ืจื˜ื ื•ืจื ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืื‘ื•ืช ื, ื— ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™, ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื’ื ื‘ืจืฉื‘"ืฅ ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืœืžืก' ืื‘ื•ืช 'ืžื’ืŸ ืื‘ื•ืช').
ื“. ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ ื—ื›ื ืœื’ืฉืช ืœื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืื•ื”ื‘ื•, ื•ืœื”ื˜ืขื™ื ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื•ื”ื‘ื• ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ืคื•ืš ืœื‘ื• ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืชื• ื•ื™ื–ื›ื”ื•. (ืจืฉ"ื™ ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ื ื‘ ืข"ื‘ ื“"ื” ื›ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ืŸ, ืฉื˜ื” ืžืงื•ื‘ืฆืช ืฉื ื‘ืฉื ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื”ืจ"ื™).
ื”. ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืงื•ื“ื: ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื”ืžืกื“ืจื™ืŸ ื”ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ื‘ืขืจื›ืื•ืช ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ืขืœื™ ื“ื™ื ื™ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ืŸ ื•ืžืœืžื“ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืœืžื“ ืขืœ ืื•ืชื• ืฉื˜ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจื•. (ืฉื˜ื” ืžืงื•ื‘ืฆืช ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ืคื• ืข"ื ื‘ืฉื ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื ื”).
ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืืœื™ื‘ื ื“ืฉื ื™ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“. ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื ื•ืฆืจืช ืข"ื™ ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื•ื˜ื•ืขื ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ, ื”ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืื™ื ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืข ื•ืœื”ืชืจืฉื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ืฉื™ืจ ืžืฉื ื™ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืืช ื˜ืขื ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื•ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ื, ื•ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืขืฆืžื ื”ื™ื• ื˜ื•ืขื ื™ื ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช, ื•ื ืžืฆืืช ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืืžืช ืœื•ืงื”. ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืฉืœืคื™ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื›ืฉื ื™ื’ืฉ ืœื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ื“ ืฆื“ื“ื™, ื•ืœืคื™ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืงื™ื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื’ื ืœื‘ืขืœ ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื™ืฉ ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ. ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื, ื™ืฉื ื• ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœื˜ืขื•ืŸ ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ. ื‘ืจื, ืœืคื™ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื™ื ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืœื˜ืขื•ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจื• ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื˜ื•ืช ืืช ืœื‘ ื”ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ื, ืืš ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœืœืžื“ื• ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ, ื›ืš ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื‘ื•ื ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื™ื“ืข ืžื” ืœื˜ืขื•ืŸ, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ืฉื™ืจ ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืงืฉื•ืช ืขืœื™ื• ื•ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื”ืืžืช ืฉื‘ื˜ืขื ื•ืชื™ื•.
ื•. ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืžื” ืœื˜ืขื•ืŸ ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ื“ื™ื™ืŸ. ื™ืฉื ื• ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉืžื ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื™ืœืžื“ ืœื˜ืขื•ืŸ ื˜ืขื ื” ืฉืชื•ืขื™ืœ ืœื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื™ื˜ืขืŸ ืื•ืชื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ื˜ืขื ืช ืฉืงืจ. ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ืงื™ื™ื ืืฃ ืฉืžืฉื•ื›ื ืข ืฉื”ืฆื“ืง ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืขื ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ, ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืžืฉื ื” ื›ืืŸ:
"ื•ื”ื–ื”ื™ืจ ืžื”ื“ืžื•ืช ืœื”ื, ืจืฆื•ื ื• ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืœืžื“ ืื—ื“ ืžื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื ื” ืฉืชื•ืขื™ืœื”ื•, ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืœื•: ืืžื•ืจ ื›ืš, ืื•: ื”ื›ื—ืฉ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ื–ื”, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื“ืข ืฉื”ื•ื ืขืฉื•ืง, ื•ืฉื‘ืขืœ ื“ื™ื ื• ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืฉืงืจ ืœืคื™ ื”ื›ืจืข ื”ืกื‘ืจื”, ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื• ืœืœืžื“ื• ื˜ืขื ื” ืฉืชืฆื™ืœื”ื• ื‘ืฉื•ื ืคื ื™ื". (ืจืื” ื’ื ื”ื’ืžืจื ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืงืœื˜ ืข"ื "ืฉืคืชื•ืชื™ื›ื ื“ื‘ืจื• ืฉืงืจ, ืืœื• ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ืŸ").
ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืืกื•ืจ ืœืœืžื“ ืื—ื“ ืžื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืœื˜ืขื•ืŸ ื˜ืขื ื” ืฉืชื•ืขื™ืœ ืœื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉื•ื•ื“ืื™ ื”ืฆื“ืง ืื™ืชื•. ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืฆื“ืง ืžื•ืฉื’ ืจืง ืข"ื™ ืฆื“ืง, ื•ืืกื•ืจ ืœื˜ืขื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื ืช ืฉืงืจ ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืฆื“ืง, ื•ืขืœ ื–ื” ื ืืžืจ "ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืงืจ ืชืจื—ืง".
ืœืคื™ ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื–ื” ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืืžื•ืจ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื›ืฉื™ื“ื•ืข ืฉื”ืฉื•ืืœ ื”ื™ื ื• ื‘ืขืœ ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืชื›ื ืŸ ืœืœื›ืช ืœื“ื™ืŸ ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ืื™ืชื ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื’ืื•ื ื™ื (ืกื™ืžืŸ ืžื”).
ื–. ืื•ืœื ื ืจืื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื ื•ืกืฃ. ื“ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ (ื‘ื‘ื ื‘ืชืจื ืคืจืง ื˜ ื”"ื“, ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ืคืจืง ื“ ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื™"ื) ื•ื–ื• ืœืฉื•ื ื•: "ื•ืœื ื›ืŸ ืชื ื™ื ื ืืœ ืชืขืฉ ืขืฆืžืš ื›ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ืŸ, ื•ืžื“ืจ' ื—ื’ื™ื™ ื‘ืฉื ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ืœื•ื™ ืืกื•ืจ ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ ื“ื™ื ื•? ืืžืจ ื™ื“ืข ื”ื•ื” ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ื“ื”ื™ื ืื™ืชื ื›ืฉื™ืจื”". ื”ื’ืžืจื ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ืช ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื‘ื‘ืœื™ืช ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช (ื ื‘ ืข"ื‘) ืžืกืคืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืขืœ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ืฉื ืชืŸ ืขืฆื” ืœืงืจื•ื‘ื• ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื™ืคื˜ืจ ืžื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ ืจืคื•ืื” ืœืืœืžื ืช ืื‘ื™ื•, ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ืชืŸ ืืช ื”ืขืฆื” ื”ืชื—ืจื˜ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ื•ืืžืจ "ืขืฉื™ื ื• ืขืฆืžื ื• ื›ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ืŸ". ืฉื•ืืœืช ื”ื’ืžืจื: "ืžืขื™ืงืจื ืžืื™ ืกื‘ืจ, ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืžืื™ ืกื‘ืจ?", ื•ื”ื’ืžืจื ืžืฉื™ื‘ื”: "ืžืขื™ืงืจื ืกื‘ืจ: (ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ื "ื—) ื•ืžื‘ืฉืจืš ืœื ืชืชืขืœื, ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืกื‘ืจ: ืื“ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืื ื™". ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืกื‘ืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืžืฆื•ื” ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœืงืจื•ื‘ื• ืžืฉื•ื ื”ืคืกื•ืง "ื•ืžื‘ืฉืจืš ืœื ืชืชืขืœื", ืืš ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื”ืชื—ืจื˜ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืื“ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ืžื•ืชื• ืฉื”ื ื• ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื—ื›ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืื ืžืกื™ื™ืข ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืงืจื•ื‘ื• ื ื’ืจื ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ื”' ืžื›ืš ืฉื ืจืื” ืฉืžืœืžื“ ืืช ืงืจื•ื‘ื• ืœื”ืขืจื™ื.
ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืชืžื”ื™ื ืขืœ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ื’ืžืจื ืžืกื•ืคืจ ืขืœ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ืขืฆืžื• (ืฉื ื ื“ ืข"ื‘) ืฉื ืชืŸ ืขืฆื” ืœืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื• ืฉื™ืืžืจื• ืœืื‘ื™ื”ื ืœื™ื™ื—ื“ ืงืจืงืข ืœืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืืฉืชื• ืฉืœื ืชืคืกื™ื“ ืืช ื”ื™ืชื•ืžื™ื?
ืžืชืจืฆื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื (ืžืื™ืจื™ ืฉื ื ื‘ ืข"ื‘, ื ื“ ืข"ื‘) ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื‘"ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ืŸ" ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ื ืชื™ื ืช ืขืฆื” ื”ื‘ืื” ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืงืจื•ื‘ื• ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืžืžื•ืŸ ืžืื“ื ืื—ืจ, ืืš ื ืชื™ื ืช ืขืฆื” ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืžืžื•ื ื• ืฉืœื ื™ืคืกื™ื“ื• ืื• ืฉืœื ื™ื ื–ืง ืžื•ืชืจืช.
^ 2.) ื”ืจืฉื‘"ืฉ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” (ืกื™' ืจ"ืœ) ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื›ืš:
"ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ืขืชืงืช ืœื ื• ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืกื™' ืจื— ื‘ืžืฆื•ื” ืœ"ืช, ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืฉืžื•ืข ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื‘ืขืœ ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื›ื•' ื–ื• ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื ื• ื”ื™ื, ื•ื‘ืคืจืง ืฉื‘ื•ืขืช ื”ืขื“ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืคืจืง ืงืžื ื“ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื. ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืขื‘ืจื ื• ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื–"ืœ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื“ืขื ื• ืื–ื”ืจืชื, ืจืื™ื ื•ื”, ื—ืฉื‘ื ื•ื”, ื•ืขื˜ืจื•ืช ืœืจืืฉื™ื ื• ืขื ื“ื ื•ื”, ื•ืื™ื ื” ืขื ื™ืŸ ืœื–ื”. ืฉื”ืื–ื”ืจื” ืื™ื ื” ืืœื ืœื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ืื“ื•ื ื™ ืื‘ื™ ื”ืจืฉื‘"ืฅ ื–"ืœ ื•ื–ื•ืœืชื• ืžื”ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื–"ืœ ืืฉืจ ืงื“ืžื•ื”ื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื–ื” ื•ื‘ื–ื•ืœืชื•, ื›ื•ืœื ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœืฉื•ืืœ ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ื• ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืœืชื•. ื•ื”ื ืื™ื ื ื’ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืื‘ืœ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืื ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ื›ืš, ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื›ืš. ื•ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ืžืงื•ื ื™ืจืื•, ืื ื”ืฉืืœื” ืืžืช ื™ื“ื™ื ื• ื›ืคื™ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ืื™ ืœื ืžืฉื›ื—ื™ ื‘ื” ืคื™ืจื›ื... ื•ืื™ืœื• ืขืžื“ืช ืขืœ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื–"ืœ ืœืจ' ืคื ื—ืก ื”ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ื ื•ื ืืžื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืžืชื‘ืจืจ ืœืš ืื™ืš ื”ื™ื• ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืœื•, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื™ื‘ ืœื”ื, ื•ืžื™ ืœื ื• ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืžื ื•. ื•ื›ืŸ ื ื”ื’ื• ื’ืื•ื ื™ ืขื•ืœื ื•ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื•ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื–"ืœ, ื•ื”ืžืขืœื™ื ืขื™ื ื™ื• ืžื”ื, ื”ื•ื ืžื›ืœืœ ืื•ื˜ื ืื•ื–ื ื• ืžื–ืขืงืช ื“ืœ ื›ื“ืื™ืชื ื‘ืคืจืง ื‘ืžื” ืืฉื”. ื•ื”ืžืฉื™ื‘ ืœื”ื ืงื™ื™ื ืžืฆื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืืช ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ".
ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ืขื˜ืจืช ืคื– (ื—ืœืง ื ื›ืจืš ื’ - ื—ื•ืฉืŸ ืžืฉืคื˜ ืกื™ืžืŸ ื’) ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืืจื•ื›ื” ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืฉื‘"ืฉ, ืกื™ื›ื ื•ื›ืชื‘:
"ื•ื—ื–ื™ื ืŸ ืžื›ืœืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืืœื” ื“ืก"ืœ ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืื•ืœ ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ื” ืฉื•ื ื—ืฉืฉ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืœืคื™ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉืขื•ื ื” ื”ืจื‘ ื”ื ืฉืืœ ืืœื ื‘ื•ื“ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื“ื™ื ื".
ื›ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ื–ื” ื›ืชื‘ ืžื”ืจืฉื“"ื ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืชื™ื• (ื—ื™ื•"ื“ ืกื™' ืงื ื’):
"ื•ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉืชืคืก ืขืœื™ื• ืฉืขื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืžื ื™ืŸ ืœื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื ื™ืฉืžืข ืœืื—ื“ ืงื•ื“ื ืฉื‘ื ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ื•ื›ื•', ื•ื”ืคืœื™ื’ ื‘ืคืกืงื• ืฉื–ื” ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืชื•ืจื”. ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืจืื• ืœื• ื—ื›ืžื™ ืฉืืœื•ื ื™ืงื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื˜ื•ืขื” ื˜ืขื•ืช ืžืคื•ืจืกื, ืฉืœื ืืžืจื• ื›ืŸ ื‘ื’ืž' ืืœื ืœืžื™ ืฉืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ืžืฉืชื™ ื”ื›ืชื•ืช ืื– ืืกื•ืจ ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืœืื—ื“ ืงื•ื“ื ื‘ื ื—ื‘ื™ืจื•. ืื‘ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื ืฉืืœ ืžื—ื›ื ืขืœ ื“ื™ืŸ, ื“ืจืš ืฉืืœื” ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ ื•ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืื– ืคืฉื™ื˜ื ื“ืœื™ืช ื‘ื™ื” ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœื ืžื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ื•ืœื ืžื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ, ื›ืœืœ ื•ืขื™ืงืจ. ื›ื™ ืžื” ืœื™ ื–ื” ื”ื—ื›ื ื”ื ืฉืืœ ืื• ื”ืคื•ืกืง ื”ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืงืจืŸ ื–ื•ื™ืช ืฉื‘ื ืฉื ืื•ืชื• ื“ื™ืŸ ืžื‘ื•ืจืจ. ืืœื ืฉืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืขืœ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืžื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ื™ืจื•, ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืžื™ื“ืช ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ื•ื˜ืขื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ืืคืจื•ืฉื™ ืžืื™ืกื•ืจื ืื™ ื‘ืขื™ ื—ื“ ืœื™ื“ืข ืœืขืฆืžื• ืื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืื™ ืœื, ืœื™ื›ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืžื“ืช ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช".
ืžืกื›ื ื”ืขื˜ืจืช ืคื–: "ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžื”ืจืฉื“"ื ืฉืืฃ ื”ื•ื ืกื•ื‘ืจ ื“ื”ื™ื›ื ื“ืฉื•ื˜ื—ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืฉืืœื” ืืช ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ื‘' ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื, ืœื™ื›ื ืฉื•ื ืื™ืกื•ืจื ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืœื”ื, ื“ื—ืฉื™ื‘ ื›ืื™ืœื• ื‘' ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ื•, ื•ืื•ืœื ืขื ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ืจืื•ื™ ืžืžื™ื“ืช ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื—ื›ื ื”ืฉื•ืืœ ื“ืจืš ืฉืืœื” ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ ื•ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ.
ืืžื ื ืœืคื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืฉื‘"ืฉ ื”ื "ืœ ื—ื–ื™ื ืŸ, ื“ืœื ืจืง ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืžื™ื“ืช ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช. ืืœื ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื ื•ืžืฆื•ื” ืื™ื›ื ืœื”ื–ื“ืงืง ืœื“ื™ืŸ ื–ื”, ื”ื™ื›ื ื“ื™ื•ื“ืข ื”ืžืฉื™ื‘ ืฉื™ืฆื ืื™ื–ื” ืชื•ืขืœืช ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืœื“ื™ื ื. ื•ื”ืขื™ื“ ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœื• ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื ื•ื”ื’ ืื‘ื™ื• ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ืชืฉื‘"ืฅ, ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื ื•ื”ื’ ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ืจืžื‘"ื, ื•ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืžื ื”ื’ื ืฉืœ ื’ืื•ื ื™ ืขื•ืœื, ืžืฆื•ืงื™ ืืจืฅ ื•ื’ืื•ื ื™ ืชื‘ืœ, ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื•ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืžื•ื‘ื”ืงื™ื ื–"ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ื•ืจ ื•ื“ื•ืจ. ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฆื™ื ื• ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืžืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžื‘ื™"ื˜ ื”ื "ืœ ื“ื ื”ื’ื• ื’ืื•ื ื™ ืขืœืžื ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืœื›ื”, ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืชื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ื™ื ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช.
ื™ืขื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ื ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ืžื”ืจื™ื‘"ืœ (ืกื™' ืงืฆื”) ืฉื ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืฉืœื ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ื•ื›ื•', ื–ื” ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ื‘' ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืœื“ื•ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ื•, ืื‘ืœ ืื ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ื›ืœืœ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ื•ืŸ ืื•ืชื, ื•ื›ืœ ืฉื›ืŸ ืื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉืœื ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ืื•ืชื ืื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื™ ื ืžื™ ื“ืฉืจื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืจืง ืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ื•ืœื•ืžืจ ื“ืขืชื•".
ื›ืœ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื”ื "ืœ ื”ืžืชื™ืจื™ื ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ ื”ืฉื•ืืœ, ื ืงื˜ื• ืœื“ื™ื ื ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ "ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ืŸ" ืœื ื›ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืืœื ื›ืื—ื“ ืžื•' ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื.
^ 3.) ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ืื‘ืงืช ืจื•ื›ืœ (ืกื™' ืคื) ื›ืชื‘ ืžืจืŸ ื”ืจ"ื™ ืงืืจื•:
ื•ื“ืข ื‘ืฉืขืจื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื“ืจื›ื™ ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืœืฉื•ืืœื™ื ื›ื™ ืื ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ื‘ืจืจื• ืื•ืชื™ ื”ืฉืชื™ ื›ืชื•ืช ืœื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ืื• ื›ืืฉืจ ืื”ื™ื” ื ืฉืืœ ืžื”ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืืฉืจ ืชืฉืืœ ื›ืช ืื—ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืื™ื ื™ ืžืฉื™ื‘ ื›ืืฉืจ ืœืžื“ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจื"ืฉ ื•ื”ืจื™ื‘"ืฉ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ื.
ื•ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืื—ืจืช (ืกื™' ืงื ื—) ื›ืชื‘: "ื•ืขืชื” ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื™ืคืœื ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉื ื”ื’ื• ืžืงืจื•ื‘ ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืœื›ืœ ืฉื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ ื•ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื• ื”ื‘ืขืœื™ ื“ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ืืœื• ืฉืชื™ ื”ื›ืชื•ืช ื‘ืจืจื• ืœื”ื—ื›ื ื”ื”ื•ื ืœื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื“ื•ืข ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ืขืœ ื–ื” ื”ืจื"ืฉ ื•ื”ืจื™ื‘"ืฉ ืฉืœื ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ื›ื™ ืื ืœื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืกืชืคืง ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ, ื•ื›ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ืœืฆืืช ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื•ืœืชืงืŸ ื’ื ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื”ืกื›ืžื” ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื›ืŸ, ื•ื‘ื–ื” ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ื”ื–ื” ืขืœ ืžืงื•ืžื• ื™ื‘ื•ื ื‘ืฉืœื•ื.
ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื“ืขืชื• ื ื•ื˜ื” ืœืืกื•ืจ, ืื•ืœื ื‘ืฉื•ืœื—ื ื• ื”ืขืจื•ืš (ื—ื•"ืž ื™ื–, ื”) ื ืžื ืข ืžืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื–ื” ื•ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืจืง ืืช ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืฆืžื• ืฉ"ืืกื•ืจ ืœื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืฉืžื•ืข ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื‘ืขืœ ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืื—ื“ ืฉืœื ื‘ืคื ื™ ื‘ืขืœ ื“ื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ื™ืจื•".
ืืžื ื ื”ืจืž"ื ื›ืŸ ืžื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื›ื•ืชื‘: "ื”ื’ื”: ื•ืœื ื™ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืฉื•ื ื—ื›ื ืคืกืง ืœืื—ื“ ืžื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื“ื™ื ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ืจืš ืื ื›ืŸ, ืื• ืฉื™ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืœื• ื“ืขืชื• ื‘ืœื ืคืกืง, ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœื ืฉืžืข ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืฉื ื™ื”ื, ืฉืžื ืžืชื•ืš ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื™ืœืžื“ื• ืœืฉืงืจ".
ื”ืขื•ืœื” ืžืŸ ื”ืืžื•ืจ, ืฉื™ืฉื ื” ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื”ืื ืœื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืœืฉื•ืืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช, ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืฉื™ื‘ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื” ืคืกืงื ื™ืช ืืœื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืื ืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ืฉืืœื” ื ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืื–ื™ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื›ืš ื•ื›ืš.
^ 4.) ื”ืคืชื—ื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” (ื—ื•"ืž ื™ื– ืก"ืง ื™ื, ื˜ื•) ืžื‘ื™ื ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ื”ื•ืจืื” ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ ืืฃ ืื ื ืงื‘ืœ ืœื”ืœื›ื” ืืช ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ.
^ 5.) ื”ืจืž"ื ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” (ืกื™' ืงื™ื‘).
^ 6.) ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื™ืขืงื‘ (ื—"ื’ ืกื™' ืฆื˜).
^ 7.) ืžื”ืจืฉ"ืœ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” (ืกื™' ื›ื“).
^ 8.) ืžื”ืจืฉื“"ื ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” (ื™ื•"ื“ ืกื™' ืงื ื’).
^ 9.) ื›ืฉื ืฉืžื•ืกื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืฉื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ืœื ื—ืฉืฉ ืœืชืช ืขืฆื” ืœืงืจื•ื‘ื• ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื™ื“ืข ื‘ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ืฉืจ. (ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ืžืขื™ืœ ืฆื“ืงื” ืกื™' ื "ื’ "ืืžื™ื ื ืคื•ืง ื—ื–ื™ ืจื‘ื ื™ ืงืฉื™ืฉืื™ ื“ืกืžื›ื™ ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืœืžื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื“ื•ืง ืœื”ื•").
^ 10.) ืื ื”ืžืฉื™ื‘ ื”ื•ื ืื“ื ืฉืื™ื ื• ื—ืฉื•ื‘, ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื‘"ื— (ืกื™' ื™ื– ืกืข' ื™ื‘) ืฉืžื•ืชืจ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืœืงืจื•ื‘ื•, ืืš ื”ืชื•ืก' ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ (ืžืก' ืื‘ื•ืช) ื›ืชื‘ ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ืœืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืงืจื•ื‘ื•. ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ื’ื ื”ืฉืœื˜ื™ ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื (ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื”. ื‘ื“ืคื™ ื”ืจื™"ืฃ) ืฉืžื•ืชืจ ืœืชืช ืขืฆื” "ื•ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื ื”ืžื™ื™ืขืฅ ื”ื–ื” ืžืŸ ื”ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ื, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืœื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืœืžื“ ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ื•ืชื—ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช. ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืฉ"ืก ืฉื ื‘ืขื•ื‘ื“ื ื“ืงืจื™ื‘ืชื ื“ืจื‘ ื ื—ืžืŸ", ื•ืœื ื”ื’ื‘ื™ืœ ื”ื”ื™ืชืจ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืœืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื. ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืœื›ื•"ืข ืœืื“ื ืฉืื™ื ื• ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœืชืช ืขืฆื” ืœืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื•. ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื”ื™ืชืจ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืชืจืชื™: ื. ื™ืฉื ื” ืžืฆื•ื” ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” "ื•ืžื‘ืฉืจืš ืœื ืชืชืขืœื". ื‘. ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืื—ืช ื ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ื‘ืขืœ ื“ื™ืŸ ืื—ื“, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื ื›ืœืœื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ืขื‘ื™ื“ ืื™ื ื™ืฉ ื“ื™ื ื ืœื ืคืฉื™ื” (ืจื"ืฉ ื‘ื‘ื ืงืžื ื’, ื’ ื‘ืืฉื” ื”ืžืฆืœืช ื‘ืขืœื”).
^ 11.) ื–ื• ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืคืชื—ื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” (ืฉื): "ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื’ืจืฉื•ื ื™ ืกื™' ืž"ื– ืฉื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืœืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืžืงื•ื ื™ื“ื•ื ื•, ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื’ื ืฉื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžืฉื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ืœืื—ื“ ืžืŸ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื“ืŸ ืื ืื™ืŸ ืื ื• ืžืฉื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืœื ื™ืฉื™ื’ื• ืœื‘ืจื™ืจืช ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื›ื™ ืขืœ ื“ื ื”ื ืžื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื•ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ืจืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื ืœืงื” ื›ื•', ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื. ื•ื›ืŸ ืขืฉื” ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ืฉื‘ ื™ืขืงื‘ [ื—ื•"ืž] ืกื™' ื‘' ื•ืกื™' ื’', ืข"ืฉ, ื’ื ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ืžื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื ื—ืœืง ื—ื•"ืž ืกื™' ื', ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื". ื•ื™ืขื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ื ื‘ืื’ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื” ืœืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ืคื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ (ื—ื•"ืž ื—"ื ืกื™' ื‘) ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืฉืื ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ืœืคืกื•ืง ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืžืงื•ื ื•ื™ืฉ ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉื™ืคื ื• ืœืขืจื›ืื•ืช ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืืฃ ืœืœื ืฉืžื™ืขืช ืฉื ื™ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื.
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
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