ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ื”ืœื›ื” ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื•ืžื•ืกืจ
  • ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื”
  • ืจืžื‘"ื ื™ื•ืžื™ โ€“ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” โ€“ ืžืคืขืœ ืžืฉื ื” ืชื•ืจื”
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
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4 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”






ื”ึดืœึฐื›ื•ึนืช ืชึผึทืœึฐืžื•ึผื“ ืชึผื•ึนืจึธื”



ื™ึตืฉื ื‘ึผึดื›ึฐืœึธืœึธืŸ ืฉืึฐืชึผึตื™ ืžึดืฆึฐื•ื•ึนืช ืขึฒืฉื‚ึตื”: ืจึดืืฉืื•ึนื ึธื” - ืœึดืœึฐืžึนื“ ืชึผื•ึนืจึธื”; ืฉืึฐื ึดื™ึผึธื” - ืœึฐื›ึทื‘ึผึตื“ ืžึฐืœึทืžึผึฐื“ึถื™ื”ึธ ื•ึฐื™ื•ึนื“ึฐืขึถื™ื”ึธ.

ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช: ืœึฐื›ึทื‘ึผึตื“ ืžึฐืœึทืžึผึฐื“ึถื™ื”ึธ ื•ึฐื™ื•ึนื“ึฐืขึถื™ื”ึธ - ื•ืžื˜ืจืช ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“, ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ื ืฉืžืขื™ื ื•ืฉื™ืงื ื” ื”ืื“ื ืœืขืฆืžื• ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื ืขื” (ืžื•"ื  ื’,ืœื•). ื•ึฐื™ื•ึนื“ึฐืขึถื™ื”ึธ - ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ ื—ื›ืžืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉืื™ื ื ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื” (ืง').

ื•ึผื‘ึตืื•ึผืจ ืฉืึฐืชึผึตื™ ืžึดืฆึฐื•ื•ึนืช ืึตืœึผื•ึผ ื‘ึผึดืคึฐืจึธืงึดื™ื ืึตืœึผื•ึผ.


ืคึผึถืจึถืง ืจึดืืฉืื•ึนืŸ

ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœืœืžื“ ื•ืœืœืžื•ื“



ื—ื•ื‘ืช ืžืกื™ืจืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”


ื ื ึธืฉืึดื™ื ื•ึทืขึฒื‘ึธื“ึดื™ื ืคึผึฐื˜ื•ึผืจึดื™ืŸ ืžึดืชึผึทืœึฐืžื•ึผื“ ืชึผื•ึนืจึธื”, ืึฒื‘ึธืœ ืงึธื˜ึธืŸ - ืึธื‘ึดื™ื• ื—ึทื™ึผึธื‘ ืœึฐืœึทืžึผึฐื“ื•ึน ืชึผื•ึนืจึธื”, ืฉืึถื ึผึถืึฑืžึทืจ: "ื•ึฐืœึดืžึผึทื“ึฐืชึผึถื ืึนืชึธื ืึถืช ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ื›ึถื ืœึฐื“ึทื‘ึผึตืจ ื‘ึผึธื" (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื,ื™ื˜). ื•ึฐืึตื™ืŸ ื”ึธืึดืฉึผืึธื” ื—ึทื™ึผึถื‘ึถืช ืœึฐืœึทืžึผึตื“ ืึถืช ื‘ึผึฐื ึธื”ึผ, ืฉืึถื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทื—ึทื™ึผึธื‘ ืœึดืœึฐืžึนื“ ื—ึทื™ึผึธื‘ ืœึฐืœึทืžึผึตื“.

ื ืฉืชื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื: ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ืื” ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœื‘ื ื™ื, ืฉื”ื™ื ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” (ืกื”"ืž ืขืฉื” ื™ื), ื•ื”ื™ื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœืช ื‘ื–ืžื ื” ื•ื‘ื”ื™ืงืคื”, ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื•ืืช ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื”, ื”ื›ืœื•ืœ ื‘ืกืคืจ ื–ื”, "ืžืฉื ื” ืชื•ืจื”", ื•ืจืง ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื‘ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืœืœืžื•ื“ (ืœื”ืœืŸ ื—). ืคึผึฐื˜ื•ึผืจึดื™ืŸ ืžึดืชึผึทืœึฐืžื•ึผื“ ืชึผื•ึนืจึธื” - ืคื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื, ื•ื’ื ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ืขืฆืžื (ืœื”ืœืŸ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื—, ื™ื’).

ื‘1 ื›ึผึฐืฉืึตื ืฉืึถืึธื“ึธื ื—ึทื™ึผึธื‘ ืœึฐืœึทืžึผึตื“ ืึถืช ื‘ึผึฐื ื•ึน, ื›ึผึธืšึฐ ื”ื•ึผื ื—ึทื™ึผึธื‘ ืœึฐืœึทืžึผึตื“ ืึถืช ื‘ึผึถืŸ ื‘ึผึฐื ื•ึน, ืฉืึถื ึผึถืึฑืžึทืจ: "ื•ึฐื”ื•ึนื“ึทืขึฐืชึผึธื ืœึฐื‘ึธื ึถื™ืšึธ ื•ึฐืœึดื‘ึฐื ึตื™ ื‘ึธื ึถื™ืšึธ" (ืฉื ื“,ื˜). ื•ึฐืœึนื ื‘ึผึฐื ื•ึน ื•ึผื‘ึถืŸ ื‘ึผึฐื ื•ึน ื‘ึผึดืœึฐื‘ึทื“, ืึถืœึผึธื ืžึดืฆึฐื•ึธื” ืขึทืœ ื›ึผึธืœ ื—ึธื›ึธื ื•ึฐื—ึธื›ึธื ืžึดื™ึผึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืœึฐืœึทืžึผึตื“ ืึถืช ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทืชึผึทืœึฐืžึดื™ื“ึดื™ื ืึทืฃ ืขึทืœ ืคึผึดื™ ืฉืึถืึตื™ื ึธืŸ ื‘ึผึธื ึธื™ื•, ืฉืึถื ึผึถืึฑืžึทืจ: "ื•ึฐืฉืึดื ึผึทื ึฐืชึผึธื ืœึฐื‘ึธื ึถื™ืšึธ" (ืฉื ื•,ื–); ืžึดืคึผึดื™ ื”ึทืฉึผืึฐืžื•ึผืขึธื” ืœึธืžึฐื“ื•ึผ: "ื‘ึผึธื ึถื™ืšึธ" - ืึตืœึผื•ึผ ืชึผึทืœึฐืžึดื™ื“ึถื™ืšึธ, ืฉืึถื”ึทืชึผึทืœึฐืžึดื™ื“ึดื™ื ืงึฐืจื•ึผื™ึดื™ืŸ 'ื‘ึผึธื ึดื™ื', ืฉืึถื ึผึถืึฑืžึทืจ: "ื•ึทื™ึผึตืฆึฐืื•ึผ ื‘ึฐื ึตื™ ื”ึทื ึผึฐื‘ึดื™ืึดื™ื" (ืžืœื›ื™ื ื‘ ื‘,ื’).

ื‘1 ืžึดืคึผึดื™ ื”ึทืฉึผืึฐืžื•ึผืขึธื” - ื›ืคื™ ืฉืฉืžืขื• ืื™ืฉ ืžืคื™ ืจื‘ื• ื‘ืžืกื•ืจืช ืฉื‘ืขืœ ืคื” ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžืงืจื (ืง'). ืฉืึถื”ึทืชึผึทืœึฐืžึดื™ื“ึดื™ื ืงึฐืจื•ึผื™ึดื™ืŸ ื‘ึผึธื ึดื™ื - ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืžืœืžื“ ื”ืืฆื™ืœ ืœื• ืืช ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“, ื•ื›ืื™ืœื• ื™ืœื“ ืื•ืชื• ื•ื ืชืŸ ื‘ื• ื—ื™ื™ื (ืžื•"ื  ื,ื–. ืจืื” ืจื•ืฆื— ื–,ื).

ื’2 ืžึดื™ ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ืœึดืžึผึฐื“ื•ึน ืึธื‘ึดื™ื• - ื—ึทื™ึผึธื‘ ืœึฐืœึทืžึผึตื“ ืึถืช ืขึทืฆึฐืžื•ึน ื›ึผึฐืฉืึถื™ึผึทื›ึผึดื™ืจ, ืฉืึถื ึผึถืึฑืžึทืจ: "ื•ึผืœึฐืžึทื“ึฐืชึผึถื ืึนืชึธื ื•ึผืฉืึฐืžึทืจึฐืชึผึถื ืœึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึนืชึธื" (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”,ื). ื•ึฐื›ึตืŸ ืึทืชึผึธื” ืžื•ึนืฆึตื ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ืžึธืงื•ึนื ืฉืึถื”ึทืชึผึทืœึฐืžื•ึผื“ ืงื•ึนื“ึตื ืœึทืžึผึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึถื”, ืžึดืคึผึฐื ึตื™ ืฉืึถื”ึทืชึผึทืœึฐืžื•ึผื“ ืžึตื‘ึดื™ื ืœึดื™ื“ึตื™ ืžึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึถื” ื•ึฐืึตื™ืŸ ื”ึทืžึผึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึถื” ืžึตื‘ึดื™ื ืœึดื™ื“ึตื™ ืชึผึทืœึฐืžื•ึผื“.

ื’2 ืœึฐืœึทืžึผึตื“ ืึถืช ืขึทืฆึฐืžื•ึน - ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื ื•ืงื˜ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื–ื• (ื•ืœื ืœืœืžื•ื“), ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœืžืกื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœื“ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื, ื•ื›ืืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืกืจ ืœืขืฆืžื•, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ื‘ืื” ืจืง ื‘ื”ืœื›ื” ื—. ื›ึผึฐืฉืึถื™ึผึทื›ึผึดื™ืจ - ื›ืฉื™ื’ื™ืข ืœื”ื‘ื ื” ื•ืœื”ื›ืจื” ืฉืงื™ื•ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืžืฆืจื™ืš ืœื™ืžื•ื“.

ืกื“ืจ ืขื“ื™ืคื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืชืฉืœื•ื ืขืœ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“


ื“ ื”ึธื™ึธื” ื”ื•ึผื ืœึดืœึฐืžึนื“ ืชึผื•ึนืจึธื”, ื•ึฐื™ึตืฉื ืœื•ึน ื‘ึผึตืŸ ืœึดืœึฐืžึนื“ ืชึผื•ึนืจึธื” - ื”ื•ึผื ืงื•ึนื“ึตื ืœึดื‘ึฐื ื•ึน; ื•ึฐืึดื ื”ึธื™ึธื” ื‘ึผึฐื ื•ึน ื ึธื‘ื•ึนืŸ ื•ึผืžึทืฉื‚ึฐื›ึผึดื™ืœ ืžึทื” ืฉึผืึถื™ึผึดืœึฐืžึทื“ ื™ึธืชึตืจ ืžึดืžึผึถื ึผื•ึผ - ื‘ึผึฐื ื•ึน ืงื•ึนื“ึตื. ื•ึฐืึทืฃ ืขึทืœ ืคึผึดื™ ืฉืึถื‘ึผึฐื ื•ึน ืงื•ึนื“ึตื, ืœึนื ื™ึดื‘ึผึธื˜ึตืœ ื”ื•ึผื, ืฉืึถื›ึผึฐืฉืึตื ืฉืึถืžึผึดืฆึฐื•ึธื” ืขึธืœึธื™ื• ืœึฐืœึทืžึผึตื“ ืึถืช ื‘ึผึฐื ื•ึน, ื›ึผึธืšึฐ ื”ื•ึผื ืžึฐืฆึปื•ึผึถื” ืœึฐืœึทืžึผึตื“ ืึถืช ืขึทืฆึฐืžื•ึน.

ื“ ื”ึธื™ึธื” ื”ื•ึผื ืœึดืœึฐืžึนื“ - ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืœืžื•ื“.

ื” ืœึฐืขื•ึนืœึธื ื™ึดืœึฐืžึทื“ ืึธื“ึธื ืชึผื•ึนืจึธื” ื•ึฐืึทื—ึทืจ ื›ึผึธืšึฐ ื™ึดืฉึผื‚ึธื ืึดืฉึผืึธื”; ืฉืึถืึดื ื ึธืฉื‚ึธื ืึดืฉึผืึธื” ืชึผึฐื—ึดืœึผึธื” - ืึตื™ืŸ ื“ึผึทืขึฐืชึผื•ึน ืคึผึฐื ื•ึผื™ึธื” ืœึดืœึฐืžึนื“. ื•ึฐืึดื ื”ึธื™ึธื” ื™ึดืฆึฐืจื•ึน ืžึดืชึฐื’ึผึทื‘ึผึตืจ ืขึธืœึธื™ื•, ืขึทื“ ืฉืึถื ึผึดืžึฐืฆึธื ืฉืึถืึตื™ืŸ ืœึดื‘ึผื•ึน ืคึผึธื ื•ึผื™ - ื™ึดืฉึผื‚ึธื ืึดืฉึผืึธื” ื•ึฐืึทื—ึทืจ ื›ึผึธืšึฐ ื™ึดืœึฐืžึทื“ ืชึผื•ึนืจึธื”.

ื” ื™ึดืœึฐืžึทื“ ืึธื“ึธื ืชึผื•ึนืจึธื” ื•ึฐืึทื—ึทืจ ื›ึผึธืšึฐ ื•ื›ื•' - ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื” ืœืœืžื“. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ืžื™ ืฉืœื ืœื™ืžื“ื• ืื•ืชื• ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื›ืขืช ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื• ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื. ื™ึดืฆึฐืจื•ึน ืžึดืชึฐื’ึผึทื‘ึผึตืจ ืขึธืœึธื™ื• - ืœืงืจื‘ืช ืื™ืฉื”. ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ ื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืจื‘ื ื• ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื”: "ื•ืื ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื˜ืจื•ื“ ื‘ื”, ื•ื”ื™ื” ืžืชื™ื™ืจื ืžืœื™ืฉื ืื™ืฉื” ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื˜ืจื— ื‘ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช [ื‘ืคืจื ืกื”] ื•ื™ื‘ื˜ืœ ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืชืื—ืจ, ืฉื”ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžืฆื•ื” ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืžืฆื•ื”, ื•ื›ืœ ืฉื›ืŸ ื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื”. ืžื™ ืฉื—ืฉืงื” ื ืคืฉื• ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืชืžื™ื“, ื•ืฉื’ื” [ื•ื“ื‘ืง, ืขืกืง ื‘ื”ืชืžื“ื”] ื‘ื” ื›ื‘ืŸ ืขื–ืื™ [ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืžื™ืžื™ ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืฉืœื ื ืฉื ืื™ืฉื”], ื•ื ื“ื‘ืง ื‘ื” ื›ืœ ื™ืžื™ื•, ื•ืœื ื ืฉื ืื™ืฉื” - ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ื• ืขื•ื•ืŸ, ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื™ืฆืจื• ืžืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื•. ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ื™ื” ื™ืฆืจื• ืžืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื•, ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื™ืฉื ืื™ืฉื”, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื• ืœื• ื‘ื ื™ื, ืฉืžื ื™ื‘ื•ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื”ืจื”ื•ืจ" (ืื™ืฉื•ืช ื˜ื•,ื’).

ื• ืžึตืึตืžึธืชึทื™ ืžึทืชึฐื—ึดื™ืœ ืึธื‘ึดื™ื• ืœึฐืœึทืžึผึฐื“ื•ึน ืชึผื•ึนืจึธื”? ืžึดืฉึผืึถื™ึผึทืชึฐื—ึดื™ืœ ืœึฐื“ึทื‘ึผึตืจ, ืžึฐืœึทืžึผึฐื“ื•ึน "ืชึผื•ึนืจึธื” ืฆึดื•ึผึธื” ืœึธื ื•ึผ ืžึนืฉืึถื”" (ืฉื ืœื’,ื“) ื•ึผืคึธืกื•ึผืง ืจึดืืฉืื•ึนืŸ ืžึดืคึผึธืจึธืฉืึทืช 'ืฉืึฐืžึทืข' (ืฉื ื•,ื“). ื•ึฐืึทื—ึทืจ ื›ึผึธืšึฐ ืžึฐืœึทืžึผึฐื“ื•ึน ืžึฐืขึทื˜ ืžึฐืขึทื˜, ืคึผึฐืกื•ึผืงึดื™ื ืคึผึฐืกื•ึผืงึดื™ื, ืขึทื“ ืฉืึถื™ึผึฐื”ึตื ื‘ึผึถืŸ ืฉืึตืฉื ืื•ึน ื‘ึผึถืŸ ืฉืึถื‘ึทืข, ืœึฐืคึดื™ ื‘ึผึปืจึฐื™ื•ึน, ืžื•ึนืœึดื™ื›ื•ึน ืึตืฆึถืœ ืžึฐืœึทืžึผึตื“ ื”ึทืชึผึดื™ื ื•ึนืงื•ึนืช.

ื• ื•ึผืคึธืกื•ึผืง ืจึดืืฉืื•ึนืŸ ืžึดืคึผึธืจึธืฉืึทืช ืฉืึฐืžึทืข - "ืฉืžืข ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื™ื™ ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื™ื™ ืื—ื“". ืœึฐืคึดื™ ื‘ึผึปืจึฐื™ื•ึน - ืœืคื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืฉืœื•.

ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื›ืœ ืื™ืฉ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื”


ื— ื›ึผึธืœ ืึดื™ืฉื ืžึดื™ึผึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื—ึทื™ึผึธื‘ ื‘ึผึฐืชึทืœึฐืžื•ึผื“ ืชึผื•ึนืจึธื”, ื‘ึผึตื™ืŸ ืขึธื ึดื™ ื‘ึผึตื™ืŸ ืขึธืฉืึดื™ืจ, ื‘ึผึตื™ืŸ ืฉืึธืœึตื ื‘ึผึฐื’ื•ึผืคื•ึน ื‘ึผึตื™ืŸ ื‘ึผึทืขึทืœ ื™ึดืกึผื•ึผืจึดื™ืŸ, ื‘ึผึตื™ืŸ ื‘ึผึธื—ื•ึผืจ ื‘ึผึตื™ืŸ ืฉืึถื”ึธื™ึธื” ื–ึธืงึตืŸ ื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ ืฉืึถืชึผึธืฉืึทืฉื ื›ึผึนื—ื•ึน. ืึฒืคึดืœึผื•ึผ ืขึธื ึดื™ ื”ึทืžึผึฐื—ึทื–ึผึตืจ ืขึทืœ ื”ึทืคึผึฐืชึธื—ึดื™ื, ื•ึทืึฒืคึดืœึผื•ึผ ื‘ึผึทืขึทืœ ืึดืฉึผืึธื” ื•ึผื‘ึธื ึดื™ื - ื—ึทื™ึผึธื‘ ืœึดืงึฐื‘ึผึนืขึท ืœื•ึน ื–ึฐืžึทืŸ ืœึฐืชึทืœึฐืžื•ึผื“ ืชึผื•ึนืจึธื” ื‘ึผึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื•ึผื‘ึทืœึผึทื™ึฐืœึธื”, ืฉืึถื ึผึถืึฑืžึทืจ: "ื•ึฐื”ึธื’ึดื™ืชึธ ื‘ึผื•ึน ื™ื•ึนืžึธื ื•ึธืœึทื™ึฐืœึธื”" (ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื,ื—).

ื— ื›ึผึธืœ ืึดื™ืฉื - ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื ืฉื™ื ื•ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ื•ืงื˜ื ื™ื. ืฉืึถืชึผึธืฉืึทืฉื - ืฉื ื—ืœืฉ. ื”ึทืžึผึฐื—ึทื–ึผึตืจ ืขึทืœ ื”ึทืคึผึฐืชึธื—ึดื™ื - ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืฆื“ืงื”. ื•ึฐื”ึธื’ึดื™ืชึธ ื‘ึผื•ึน ื™ื•ึนืžึธื ื•ึธืœึทื™ึฐืœึธื” - ื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืœื™ืœื”, ืืœื ืฉื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืขืชื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื•ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืœื™ืœื” (ืง').

ื™ ืขึทื“ ืึตืžึธืชึทื™ ื—ึทื™ึผึธื‘ ืœึดืœึฐืžึนื“ ืชึผื•ึนืจึธื”? ืขึทื“ ื™ื•ึนื ืžื•ึนืชื•ึน, ืฉืึถื ึผึถืึฑืžึทืจ: "ื•ึผืคึถืŸ ื™ึธืกื•ึผืจื•ึผ ืžึดืœึผึฐื‘ึธื‘ึฐืšึธ ื›ึผึนืœ ื™ึฐืžึตื™ ื—ึทื™ึผึถื™ืšึธ" (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื“,ื˜), ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ื–ึฐืžึทืŸ ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ื™ึทืขึฒืกึนืง ื‘ึผึฐืœึดืžึผื•ึผื“ ื”ื•ึผื ืฉืึธื›ึตื—ึท. ื™ื ื•ึฐื—ึทื™ึผึธื‘ ืœึฐืฉืึทืœึผึตืฉื ื–ึฐืžึทืŸ ืœึฐืžึดื™ื“ึธืชื•ึน: ืฉืึฐืœึดื™ืฉื ื‘ึผึทืชึผื•ึนืจึธื” ืฉืึถื‘ึผึดื›ึฐืชึธื‘, ืฉืึฐืœึดื™ืฉื ื‘ึผึทืชึผื•ึนืจึธื” ืฉืึถื‘ึผึฐืขึทืœ ืคึผึถื”, ื•ึผืฉืึฐืœึดื™ืฉื ื™ึธื‘ึดื™ืŸ ื•ึฐื™ึทืฉื‚ึฐื›ึผึดื™ืœ ืึทื—ึฒืจึดื™ืช ื“ึผึธื‘ึธืจ ืžึตืจึตืืฉืึดื™ืชื•ึน, ื•ึฐื™ื•ึนืฆึดื™ื ื“ึผึธื‘ึธืจ ืžึดื“ึผึธื‘ึธืจ, ื•ึดื™ื“ึทืžึผึถื” ื“ึผึธื‘ึธืจ ืœึฐื“ึธื‘ึธืจ, ื•ึฐื™ึธื“ึดื™ืŸ ื‘ึผึทืžึผึดื“ึผื•ึนืช ืฉืึถื”ึทืชึผื•ึนืจึธื” ื ึดื“ึฐืจึถืฉืึถืช ื‘ึผึธื”ึถืŸ, ืขึทื“ ืฉืึถื™ึผึตื“ึทืข ื”ึตื™ืึทืšึฐ ื”ื•ึผื ืขึดืงึผึทืจ ื”ึทืžึผึดื“ึผื•ึนืช, ื•ึฐื”ึตื™ืึทืšึฐ ื™ื•ึนืฆึดื™ื ื”ึธืึธืกื•ึผืจ ื•ึฐื”ึทืžึผึปืชึผึธืจ, ื•ึฐื›ึทื™ึผื•ึนืฆึตื ื‘ึผึธื”ึถืŸ ืžึดื“ึผึฐื‘ึธืจึดื™ื ืฉืึถืœึผึธืžึทื“ ืžึดืคึผึดื™ ื”ึทืฉึผืึฐืžื•ึผืขึธื”; ื•ึฐืขึดื ึฐื™ึธืŸ ื–ึถื” ื”ื•ึผื ื”ึทื ึผึดืงึฐืจึธื 'ืชึผึทืœึฐืžื•ึผื“'.

ื™ื ื‘ึผึทืชึผื•ึนืจึธื” ืฉืึถื‘ึผึฐืขึทืœ ืคึผึถื” - ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืคืกื•ืงื•ืช, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื–ื”, ืกืคืจ "ืžืฉื ื” ืชื•ืจื”". ืžึดื“ึผื•ึนืช - ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื•ื›ืœืœื™ื ืฉื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื“ื™ื ื™ื ืžืคืกื•ืงื™ ื”ืžืงืจื, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื™"ื’ ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ื ื“ืจืฉืช ื‘ื”ืŸ. ื”ื•ึผื ื”ึทื ึผึดืงึฐืจึธื ืชึผึทืœึฐืžื•ึผื“ - ืื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœืกืคืจ ืžืกื•ื™ื, ื”ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื”ื‘ื‘ืœื™ ืื• ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™, ืืœื ืœืื•ืคืŸ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ื–ื”.

ื™ื‘2 ื‘ึผึทืžึผึถื” ื“ึผึฐื‘ึธืจึดื™ื ืึฒืžื•ึผืจึดื™ื? ื‘ึผึดืชึฐื—ึดืœึผึทืช ืชึผึทืœึฐืžื•ึผื“ื•ึน ืฉืึถืœึผึธืึธื“ึธื. ืึฒื‘ึธืœ ื›ึผึฐืฉืึถื™ึผึทื’ึฐื“ึผึดื™ืœ ื‘ึผึฐื—ึธื›ึฐืžึธื”, ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึฐื”ึตื ืฆึธืจึดื™ืšึฐ ืœึนื ืœึดืœึฐืžึนื“ ืชึผื•ึนืจึธื” ืฉืึถื‘ึผึดื›ึฐืชึธื‘ ื•ึฐืœึนื ืœึทืขึฒืกึนืง ืชึผึธืžึดื™ื“ ื‘ึผึฐืชื•ึนืจึธื” ืฉืึถื‘ึผึฐืขึทืœ ืคึผึถื” - ื™ึดืงึฐืจึธื ื‘ึผึฐืขึดืชึผึดื™ื ืžึฐื–ึปืžึผึธื ึดื™ื ืชึผื•ึนืจึธื” ืฉืึถื‘ึผึดื›ึฐืชึธื‘ ื•ึฐื“ึดื‘ึฐืจึตื™ ื”ึทืฉึผืึฐืžื•ึผืขึธื”, ื›ึผึฐื“ึตื™ ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ื™ึดืฉืึฐื›ึผึทื— ื“ึผึธื‘ึธืจ ืžึดื“ึผึดื‘ึฐืจึตื™ ืชึผื•ึนืจึธื”, ื•ึฐื™ึดืคึผึธื ึถื” ื›ึผึธืœ ื™ึธืžึธื™ื• ืœึทืชึผึทืœึฐืžื•ึผื“ ื‘ึผึดืœึฐื‘ึทื“, ืœึฐืคึดื™ ืจึนื—ึทื‘ ืœึดื‘ึผื•ึน ื•ึฐื™ึดืฉึผืื•ึผื‘ ื“ึผึทืขึฐืชึผื•ึน.

ื™ื‘2 ื“ึผึดื‘ึฐืจึตื™ ื”ึทืฉึผืึฐืžื•ึผืขึธื” - ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ ืคื”, ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืคืกื•ืงื•ืช.

ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื” ื”ืžื‘ื•ืืจืช ืฉืœ ืžืคืขืœ ืžืฉื ื” ืชื•ืจื” - ืกืคืจ ื”ืžื“ืข.
ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืชืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื•ืžืคืขืœ ืžืฉื ื” ืชื•ืจื”

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ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ืžืฉื ื”: ื”ืœืœ ื’ืจืฉื•ื ื™, ื“"ืจ ื™ื—ื™ืืœ ืงืืจื”, ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื‘ื™ืจ ื˜ืœ, ื”ืจื‘ ืจื•ืขื™ ื“ื•ื‘ืงื™ืŸ
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