ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืกืคืจื™ื”
  • ื”ืขื ื•ื”ืืจืฅ
  • ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื”
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
  • ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืžื“ื™ื ื”
  • ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ืืžื•ื ื™ืช
  • ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื
undefined
12 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”

ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืœืขื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืฉืžืช

ืฉืžื—ื” ื‘ืช ื—ื ื”

ื• - ื—ื˜ื ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื
ืฉื ื™ ื—ื˜ืื™ื ื ื•ืจืื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ, ื—ื˜ื ื”ืขื’ืœ, ืฉื‘ื• ืขืฉื• ืขื’ืœ ืžืกื›ื” ื•ื”ืฉืชื—ื•ื• ืœื•, ื•ื—ื˜ื ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ื‘ื• ื ื’ืจืจื• ืื—ืจ ืขืฆืช ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ืฉื”ืžืกื• ืืช ืœื‘ื‘ ื”ืขื, ื‘ืื•ืžืจื ื›ื™ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื›ื‘ื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ. ืžื›ืžื” ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช ื—ื˜ื ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ื—ืžื•ืจ ืžื—ื˜ื ื”ืขื’ืœ. ืฉื‘ื—ื˜ื ื”ืขื’ืœ ืœื ื›ืคืจื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื‘ื”' ื•ื‘ืžืฉื”, ืจืง ื˜ืขื• ื•ื—ืฉื‘ื• ื›ื™ ืื—ืจ ืฉืžืฉื” ืœื ื—ื–ืจ ืžื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™, ืœื ื™ืžืฉื™ืš ื”' ืœื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช ืืœื™ื”ื ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ื•ื‘ืขืฆืžื•, ื•ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื—ืคืฉ ืœืขืฆืžื ืืœื™ืœ ืฉื™ืชื•ื•ืš ื‘ื™ื ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื•ืจื. ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื›ืคืจื• ืœื’ืžืจื™, ืœืื—ืจ ื—ื˜ื ื”ืขื’ืœ ืกืœื— ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื—ื˜ื ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ื›ืคืจื• ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื• ืฉืœ ื”' ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื•ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœื”ื ืœื›ื‘ื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ. ื•ืืฃ ื‘ื’ื“ื• ื‘ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ืฉืœืฉืžื” ื ื‘ืจื ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื ื‘ื—ืจื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ - ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื“ืจืš ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืœื ื ืžื—ืœ ืขื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ื‘ื—ื˜ื ื ื’ื–ืจ ืฉื™ืžื•ืชื• ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ, ื•ืจืง ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื›ืœื‘ ื‘ืŸ ื™ืคื•ื ื” ืฉื”ืชืงื•ืžืžื• ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ื—ื•ื˜ืื™ื ื–ื›ื• ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืืจืฅ.

ื•ืื•ืชื• ื”ืœื™ืœื” ืฉื‘ื›ื• ื•ืžืืกื• ื‘ืืจืฅ ื—ืžื“ื” ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ืœ ืชืฉืขื” ื‘ืื‘, ืืžืจ ื”ืงื‘"ื”: ืืชื ื‘ื›ื™ืชื ื‘ื›ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื ื, ื•ืื ื™ ืืงื‘ืข ืœื›ื ื‘ื›ื™ื” ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช (ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืงื“, ื‘). ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฉืขื” ื ื’ื–ืจ ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ืฉื™ื—ืจื‘ ื•ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื™ื™ื’ืœื• ืžืืจืฆื (ืข' ืชื ื—ื•ืžื ืฉืœื—).

ื•ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื™ืฉ ืœืฉืื•ืœ: ื‘ืžื” ื—ื˜ืื• ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื? ื”ืจื™ ืœื“ืขืชื ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื›ื‘ื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ. ื•ืื ื”ืขื ื™ืชืขืงืฉ ืœื”ืœื—ื - ื™ื•ื‘ืก ื•ืกื›ื ื” ืชืจื—ืฃ ืขืœ ืงื™ื•ืžื•. ื•ืื ื›ืŸ, ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื•ื˜ืœืช ืขืœื™ื”ื ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืžื•ืกืจื™ืช ืœื”ืชืจื™ืข ืžืคื ื™ ื”ืกื›ื ื”, ืฉื›ืŸ ืงื™ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืืจืฅ. ื•ื’ื ืื ื˜ืขื• ื‘ื”ืขืจื›ืชื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช, ื•ื‘ืืžืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ื›ืœื• ืœื›ื‘ื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ืืžืจื• ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ืžืชื•ืš ืฉื›ื ื•ืข ืคื ื™ืžื™, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืขื ืžืชื‘ื•ืกื” ื•ื›ื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ, ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืœื”ื˜ื™ืœ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืขื•ื ืฉ ื—ืžื•ืจ ืืœื ืœืฉื‘ื—ื ืขืœ ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืฉื’ื™ืœื•.

ืืœื ืฉื”ื ื—ื˜ืื• ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืœื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื• ืืช ืขืจื›ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ืœื ืื”ื‘ื• ืื•ืชื”. ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ืื”ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ, ื›ืฉืจืื• ืืช ื”ืงืฉื™ื™ื ื”ื›ืจื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉื”, ื ืคืœ ืœื™ื‘ื, ื•ื”ื—ืœื• ืœืžืฆื•ื ืœืขืฆืžื ื ื™ืžื•ืงื™ื ื•ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืข ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืืจืฅ, ืขื“ ืฉืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ื”ืืžื™ื ื• ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื›ื•ื‘ืฉื”. ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืงื•, ื›ื“): "ื•ึทื™ึผึดืžึฐืึฒืกื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐืึถืจึถืฅ ื—ึถืžึฐื“ึผึธื” ืœึนื ื”ึถืึฑืžึดื™ื ื•ึผ ืœึดื“ึฐื‘ึธืจื•ึน". ืœืขื•ืžืชื, ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื•ื›ืœื‘ ืฉืื”ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ืืžืจื•: "ื˜ื•ึนื‘ึธื” ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืžึฐืึนื“ ืžึฐืึนื“" (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื“, ื–), ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื™ื™ื, ืจืื• ืืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื ื›ื•ื—ื”, ื•ื”ืืžื™ื ื• ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื›ื‘ื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืžืจื• ืœืขื: "ืขึธืœึนื” ื ึทืขึฒืœึถื” ื•ึฐื™ึธืจึทืฉืึฐื ื•ึผ ืึนืชึธื”ึผ ื›ึผึดื™ ื™ึธื›ื•ึนืœ ื ื•ึผื›ึทืœ ืœึธื”ึผ" (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื’, ืœ).

ื•ืื›ืŸ ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉื”ืฆื“ืง ืขื ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื•ื›ืœื‘, ืœื• ื”ื™ื• ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ื‘ืงื•ืœื, ื›ืœ ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื” ื ื™ืฆืœ ื•ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืืจืฅ. ื•ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ืฉืจืฆื• ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœืฉืœื•ืžื ืฉืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื, ืฉืœื ื™ืžื•ืชื• ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื”, ื’ืจืžื• ืœืžื™ืชืช ื›ื•ืœื ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ. 1

ื– - ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืืจืฅ ื›ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืœื’ืื•ืœื”
ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืืจืฅ ืขื“ ืฉื‘ืงื™ื•ืžื” ืชืœื•ื™ ืžืฆื‘ื• ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื‘ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื”ืืจืฅ ื ื—ืจื‘ ื”ืขื, ื•ื‘ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ื’ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืืจืฅ ื ื‘ื ื” ื”ืขื, ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ื“ื‘ืจ ื”' ืžืชื’ืœื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื. 2

ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื• ืžืคื•ืจืฉื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื, ืฉื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ื’ืœื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื”ื—ืจื™ืฃ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืขื•ื ืฉ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™, ื›ืžื• ืฉืื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื‘ืคืจืฉืช "ื•ื”ื™ื” ืื ืฉืžื•ืข" (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื, ื™ื’-ื™ื–): "ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ืึดื ืฉืึธืžึนืขึท ืชึผึดืฉืึฐืžึฐืขื•ึผ ืึถืœ ืžึดืฆึฐื•ึนืชึทื™... ื•ึฐื ึธืชึทืชึผึดื™ ืžึฐื˜ึทืจ ืึทืจึฐืฆึฐื›ึถื ื‘ึผึฐืขึดืชึผื•ึน... ื”ึดืฉึผืึธืžึฐืจื•ึผ ืœึธื›ึถื ืคึผึถืŸ ื™ึดืคึฐืชึผึถื” ืœึฐื‘ึทื‘ึฐื›ึถื ื•ึฐืกึทืจึฐืชึผึถื ื•ึทืขึฒื‘ึทื“ึฐืชึผึถื ืึฑืœื•ึนื”ึดื™ื ืึฒื—ึตืจึดื™ื ื•ึฐื”ึดืฉืึฐืชึผึทื—ึฒื•ึดื™ืชึถื ืœึธื”ึถื. ื•ึฐื—ึธืจึธื” ืึทืฃ ื”' ื‘ึผึธื›ึถื ื•ึฐืขึธืฆึทืจ ืึถืช ื”ึทืฉึผืึธืžึทื™ึดื ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืžึธื˜ึธืจ ื•ึฐื”ึธืึฒื“ึธืžึธื” ืœึนื ืชึดืชึผึตืŸ ืึถืช ื™ึฐื‘ื•ึผืœึธื”ึผ, ื•ึทืึฒื‘ึทื“ึฐืชึผึถื ืžึฐื”ึตืจึธื” ืžึตืขึทืœ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื”ึทื˜ึผึนื‘ึธื” ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื”' ื ึนืชึตืŸ ืœึธื›ึถื". ื•ื›ืŸ ื ืืžืจ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ื˜, ื›ื-ื›ื–): "ื•ึฐืจึธืื•ึผ ืึถืช ืžึทื›ึผื•ึนืช ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื”ึทื”ึดื•ื ื•ึฐืึถืช ืชึผึทื—ึฒืœึปืึถื™ื”ึธ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื—ึดืœึผึธื” ื”' ื‘ึผึธื”ึผ. ื’ึผึธืคึฐืจึดื™ืช ื•ึธืžึถืœึทื— ืฉื‚ึฐืจึตืคึธื” ื›ึธืœ ืึทืจึฐืฆึธื”ึผ, ืœึนื ืชึดื–ึผึธืจึทืข ื•ึฐืœึนื ืชึทืฆึฐืžึดื—ึท ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึทืขึฒืœึถื” ื‘ึธื”ึผ ื›ึผึธืœ ืขึตืฉื‚ึถื‘, ื›ึผึฐืžึทื”ึฐืคึผึตื›ึทืช ืกึฐื“ึนื ื•ึทืขึฒืžึนืจึธื” ืึทื“ึฐืžึธื” ื•ึผืฆึฐื‘ื•ึนื™ึดื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื”ึธืคึทืšึฐ ื”' ื‘ึผึฐืึทืคึผื•ึน ื•ึผื‘ึทื—ึฒืžึธืชื•ึน. ื•ึฐืึธืžึฐืจื•ึผ ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทื’ึผื•ึนื™ึดื, ืขึทืœ ืžึถื” ืขึธืฉื‚ึธื” ื”' ื›ึผึธื›ึธื” ืœึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื”ึทื–ึผึนืืช, ืžึถื” ื—ึณืจึดื™ ื”ึธืึทืฃ ื”ึทื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ ื”ึทื–ึผึถื”. ื•ึฐืึธืžึฐืจื•ึผ ืขึทืœ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืขึธื–ึฐื‘ื•ึผ ืึถืช ื‘ึผึฐืจึดื™ืช ื”' ืึฑืœึนื•ื”ึตื™ ืึฒื‘ึนืชึธื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื›ึผึธืจึทืช ืขึดืžึผึธื ื‘ึผึฐื”ื•ึนืฆึดื™ืื•ึน ืึนืชึธื ืžึตืึถืจึถืฅ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึธื™ึดื... ื•ึทื™ึผึดื—ึทืจ ืึทืฃ ื”' ื‘ึผึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื”ึทื”ึดื•ื ืœึฐื”ึธื‘ึดื™ื ืขึธืœึถื™ื”ึธ ืึถืช ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทืงึผึฐืœึธืœึธื” ื”ึทื›ึผึฐืชื•ึผื‘ึธื” ื‘ึผึทืกึผึตืคึถืจ ื”ึทื–ึผึถื”. ื•ึทื™ึผึดืชึผึฐืฉืึตื ื”' ืžึตืขึทืœ ืึทื“ึฐืžึธืชึธื ื‘ึผึฐืึทืฃ ื•ึผื‘ึฐื—ึตืžึธื” ื•ึผื‘ึฐืงึถืฆึถืฃ ื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ ื•ึทื™ึผึทืฉืึฐืœึดื›ึตื ืึถืœ ืึถืจึถืฅ ืึทื—ึถืจึถืช ื›ึผึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทื–ึผึถื”". ื•ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื”ื™ื (ืฉื ืœ, ื’-ื”): "ื•ึฐืฉืึธื‘ ื”' ืึฑืœื•ึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ ืึถืช ืฉืึฐื‘ื•ึผืชึฐืšึธ ื•ึฐืจึดื—ึฒืžึถืšึธ, ื•ึฐืฉืึธื‘ ื•ึฐืงึดื‘ึผึถืฆึฐืšึธ ืžึดื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึธืขึทืžึผึดื™ื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื”ึฑืคึดื™ืฆึฐืšึธ ื”' ืึฑืœื•ึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ ืฉืึธืžึผึธื”. ืึดื ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ื ึดื“ึผึทื—ึฒืšึธ ื‘ึผึดืงึฐืฆึตื” ื”ึทืฉึผืึธืžึธื™ึดื ืžึดืฉึผืึธื ื™ึฐืงึทื‘ึผึถืฆึฐืšึธ ื”' ืึฑืœื•ึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ ื•ึผืžึดืฉึผืึธื ื™ึดืงึผึธื—ึถืšึธ. ื•ึถื”ึฑื‘ึดื™ืึฒืšึธ ื”' ืึฑืœื•ึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ ืึถืœ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื™ึธืจึฐืฉืื•ึผ ืึฒื‘ึนืชึถื™ืšึธ ื•ึดื™ืจึดืฉืึฐืชึผึธื”ึผ, ื•ึฐื”ึตื™ื˜ึดื‘ึฐืšึธ ื•ึฐื”ึดืจึฐื‘ึผึฐืšึธ ืžึตืึฒื‘ึนืชึถื™ืšึธ".

ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื”: "ื•ึฐืœึธืงึทื—ึฐืชึผึดื™ ืึถืชึฐื›ึถื ืžึดืŸ ื”ึทื’ึผื•ึนื™ึดื ื•ึฐืงึดื‘ึผึทืฆึฐืชึผึดื™ ืึถืชึฐื›ึถื ืžึดื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึธืึฒืจึธืฆื•ึนืช ื•ึฐื”ึตื‘ึตืืชึดื™ ืึถืชึฐื›ึถื ืึถืœ ืึทื“ึฐืžึทืชึฐื›ึถื" (ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ืœื•, ื›ื“). "ื•ึผื‘ึธื ื•ึผ ื‘ึธืชึผึดื™ื ื•ึฐื™ึธืฉืึธื‘ื•ึผ ื•ึฐื ึธื˜ึฐืขื•ึผ ื›ึฐืจึธืžึดื™ื ื•ึฐืึธื›ึฐืœื•ึผ ืคึผึดืจึฐื™ึธื" (ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ืกื”, ื›ื). "ืขื•ึนื“ ืชึผึดื˜ึผึฐืขึดื™ ื›ึฐืจึธืžึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐื”ึธืจึตื™ ืฉืึนืžึฐืจื•ึนืŸ ื ึธื˜ึฐืขื•ึผ ื ึนื˜ึฐืขึดื™ื ื•ึฐื—ึดืœึผึตืœื•ึผ" (ื™ืจืžื™ื”ื• ืœื, ื“). "ื•ึฐื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื”ึทื ึผึฐืฉืึทืžึผึธื” ืชึผึตืขึธื‘ึตื“ ืชึผึทื—ึทืช ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื”ึธื™ึฐืชึธื” ืฉืึฐืžึธืžึธื” ืœึฐืขึตื™ื ึตื™ ื›ึผึธืœ ืขื•ึนื‘ึตืจ. ื•ึฐืึธืžึฐืจื•ึผ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื”ึทืœึผึตื–ื•ึผ ื”ึทื ึผึฐืฉืึทืžึผึธื” ื”ึธื™ึฐืชึธื” ื›ึผึฐื’ึทืŸ ืขึตื“ึถืŸ ื•ึฐื”ึถืขึธืจึดื™ื ื”ึถื—ึณืจึตื‘ื•ึนืช ื•ึฐื”ึทื ึฐืฉืึทืžึผื•ึนืช ื•ึฐื”ึทื ึผึถื”ึฑืจึธืกื•ึนืช ื‘ึผึฐืฆื•ึผืจื•ึนืช ื™ึธืฉืึธื‘ื•ึผ" (ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ืœื•, ืœื“-ืœื”). "ื•ึฐืฉืึทื‘ึฐืชึผึดื™ ืึถืช ืฉืึฐื‘ื•ึผืช ืขึทืžึผึดื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื•ึผื‘ึธื ื•ึผ ืขึธืจึดื™ื ื ึฐืฉืึทืžึผื•ึนืช ื•ึฐื™ึธืฉืึธื‘ื•ึผ, ื•ึฐื ึธื˜ึฐืขื•ึผ ื›ึฐืจึธืžึดื™ื ื•ึฐืฉืึธืชื•ึผ ืึถืช ื™ึตื™ื ึธื, ื•ึฐืขึธืฉื‚ื•ึผ ื’ึทื ึผื•ึนืช ื•ึฐืึธื›ึฐืœื•ึผ ืึถืช ืคึผึฐืจึดื™ื”ึถื. ื•ึผื ึฐื˜ึทืขึฐืชึผึดื™ื ืขึทืœ ืึทื“ึฐืžึธืชึธื ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึดื ึผึธืชึฐืฉืื•ึผ ืขื•ึนื“ ืžึตืขึทืœ ืึทื“ึฐืžึธืชึธื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื ึธืชึทืชึผึดื™ ืœึธื”ึถื ืึธืžึทืจ ื”' ืึฑืœึนื•ื”ึถื™ืšึธ" (ืขืžื•ืก ื˜, ื™ื“-ื˜ื•). ื•ืืœื• ืจืง ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืžืขื˜ื•ืช ืœืžืงื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื‘ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื.

ื•ื›ืŸ ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื: "ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื’ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื›ื™ื•ื ืฉื ื‘ืจืื• ื‘ื• ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืืจืฅ" (ืคืกื—ื™ื ืคื—, ื). ื•ื›ืŸ ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืื‘ื (ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืฆื—, ื): "ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ืงืฅ ืžื’ื•ืœื” ืžื–ื”, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ืœื•, ื—): ื•ึฐืึทืชึผึถื ื”ึธืจึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืขึทื ึฐืคึผึฐื›ึถื ืชึผึดืชึผึตื ื•ึผ ื•ึผืคึถืจึฐื™ึฐื›ึถื ืชึผึดืฉื‚ึฐืื•ึผ ืœึฐืขึทืžึผึดื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื›ึผึดื™ ืงึตืจึฐื‘ื•ึผ ืœึธื‘ื•ึนื". ื•ืคืจืฉ ืจืฉ"ื™: "ื›ืฉืชื™ืชืŸ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืคืจื™ื” ื‘ืขื™ืŸ ื™ืคื” ืื– ื™ืงืจื‘ ื”ืงืฅ, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ืงืฅ ืžื’ื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ".

ื— - ื‘ืจื™ืช ืžื™ืœื” ื•ื™ืจื•ืฉืช ื”ืืจืฅ
ื™ืฉ ืงืฉืจ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืช ืžื™ืœื” ืœื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืืจืฅ. ืฉืชื™ื”ืŸ ืžื‘ื˜ืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ - ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ืืจืฆื™ืช, ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ืช. ืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ืžื˜ื‘ืขื• ืื˜ื•ื ืœืงืœื™ื˜ืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื, ื•ื–ื” ืขื ื™ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ืžื™ืœื”, ืœื”ืกื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืจืœื”, ืฉืžื‘ื˜ืืช ืืช ื”ืื˜ื™ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื•ืช, ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื—ื•ืžืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ืชืฃ ื‘ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื. ื•ื”ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืžืฉื™ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

ื•ื›ืš ืžืฆื™ื ื• ืฉื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื”ืขืœื” ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืืช ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืžืžื“ืจื’ื” ืฉืœ ืฆื“ื™ืง ืคืจื˜ื™ ืœืžื“ืจื’ื” ืฉืœ ืฆื“ื™ืง ื›ืœืœื™, ื•ื›ืจืช ืขืžื• ื‘ืจื™ืช ืฉืœื ืจืง ื”ื•ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœื”', ืืœื ืชืฆื ืžืžื ื• ืื•ืžื” ืฉืœืžื” ืฉืชื’ืœื” ืืช ื“ื‘ืจ ื”' ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืขื•ืœื, ืื– ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืœื• ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ืื– ืฆื™ื•ื•ื” ืื•ืชื• ืขืœ ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ืžื™ืœื”, ื”ื—ืชื•ืžื” ื‘ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ืžืงื“ืฉืชื•. ื•ื–ื”ื• ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื™ื–, ื–-ื—): "ื•ึทื”ึฒืงึดืžึนืชึดื™ ืึถืช ื‘ึผึฐืจึดื™ืชึดื™ ื‘ึผึตื™ื ึดื™ ื•ึผื‘ึตื™ื ึถืšึธ ื•ึผื‘ึตื™ืŸ ื–ึทืจึฐืขึฒืšึธ ืึทื—ึฒืจึถื™ืšึธ ืœึฐื“ึนืจึนืชึธื ืœึดื‘ึฐืจึดื™ืช ืขื•ึนืœึธื ืœึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึนืช ืœึฐืšึธ ืœึตืืœื•ึนื”ึดื™ื ื•ึผืœึฐื–ึทืจึฐืขึฒืšึธ ืึทื—ึฒืจึถื™ืšึธ. ื•ึฐื ึธืชึทืชึผึดื™ ืœึฐืšึธ ื•ึผืœึฐื–ึทืจึฐืขึฒืšึธ ืึทื—ึฒืจึถื™ืšึธ ืึตืช ืึถืจึถืฅ ืžึฐื’ึปืจึถื™ืšึธ ืึตืช ื›ึผึธืœ ืึถืจึถืฅ ื›ึผึฐื ึทืขึทืŸ ืœึทืึฒื—ึปื–ึผึทืช ืขื•ึนืœึธื ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึดื™ืชึดื™ ืœึธื”ึถื ืœึตืืœื•ึนื”ึดื™ื. ื•ึทื™ึผึนืืžึถืจ ืึฑืœื•ึนื”ึดื™ื ืึถืœ ืึทื‘ึฐืจึธื”ึธื ื•ึฐืึทืชึผึธื” ืึถืช ื‘ึผึฐืจึดื™ืชึดื™ ืชึดืฉืึฐืžึนืจ ืึทืชึผึธื” ื•ึฐื–ึทืจึฐืขึฒืšึธ ืึทื—ึฒืจึถื™ืšึธ ืœึฐื“ึนืจึนืชึธื. ื–ึนืืช ื‘ึผึฐืจึดื™ืชึดื™ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืชึผึดืฉืึฐืžึฐืจื•ึผ ื‘ึผึตื™ื ึดื™ ื•ึผื‘ึตื™ื ึตื™ื›ึถื ื•ึผื‘ึตื™ืŸ ื–ึทืจึฐืขึฒืšึธ ืึทื—ึฒืจึถื™ืšึธ ื”ึดืžึผื•ึนืœ ืœึธื›ึถื ื›ึผึธืœ ื–ึธื›ึธืจ. ื•ึผื ึฐืžึทืœึฐืชึผึถื ืึตืช ื‘ึผึฐืฉื‚ึทืจ ืขึธืจึฐืœึทืชึฐื›ึถื ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ืœึฐืื•ึนืช ื‘ึผึฐืจึดื™ืช ื‘ึผึตื™ื ึดื™ ื•ึผื‘ึตื™ื ึตื™ื›ึถื".

ื–ื”ื• ืฉืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื (ืฉื ื‘ืจ"ืจ ืžื•, ื˜): "ืื ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื ื™ืš ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื” - ื”ื ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœืืจืฅ, ื•ืื ืœืื• - ืื™ืŸ ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœืืจืฅ". ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื ืฆื˜ื•ื•ื” ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืœืžื•ืœ ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืคื ื™ ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืืจืฅ, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื”, ื‘): "ื‘ึผึธืขึตืช ื”ึทื”ึดื™ื ืึธืžึทืจ ื”' ืึถืœ ื™ึฐื”ื•ึนืฉืึปืขึท, ืขึฒืฉื‚ึตื” ืœึฐืšึธ ื—ึทืจึฐื‘ื•ึนืช ืฆึปืจึดื™ื ื•ึฐืฉืื•ึผื‘ ืžึนืœ ืึถืช ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืฉืึตื ึดื™ืช". ื›ื™ ื‘ืื•ืชื ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื” ืฉื”ื™ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขื•ื•ืŸ ื—ื˜ื ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ืœื ืžืœื• ืขืฆืžื. ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉื ื›ื ืกื• ืœืืจืฅ ืืžืจ ืœื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข: "ืžื” ืืชื ืกื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืืชื ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœืืจืฅ ืขืจืœื™ื? ื›ืš ืืžืจ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื•: ื•ึฐื ึธืชึทืชึผึดื™ ืœึฐืšึธ ื•ึผืœึฐื–ึทืจึฐืขึฒืšึธ ืึทื—ึฒืจึถื™ืšึธ ืึตืช ืึถืจึถืฅ ื•ื’ื•' ืขืœ ืžื ืช ื•ึฐืึทืชึผึธื” ืึถืช ื‘ึผึฐืจึดื™ืชึดื™ ืชึดืฉืึฐืžึนืจ" (ื‘ืจ"ืจ ืžื•, ื˜). 3

ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ืช ื”ื™ื, ืฉืขื ืฉื‘ื ื™ื• ืื™ื ื ื ื™ืžื•ืœื™ื ืื™ื ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืงืข ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ื›ืš ืืžืจื• ื—ื–"ืœ (ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื—"ื‘ ื›ื’, ื): ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื ื™ืžื•ืœ - ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื ื—ื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ. ื•ืขื•ื“ ืืžืจื•, ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘, ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืจื™ืงื” ื•ืฉื•ืžืžื”, ื•ื–ืืช ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื™ืฉืžืขืืœ ื ื™ืžื•ืœ, ื•ื”ื ื™ืขื›ื‘ื• ืืช ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืœืฉื•ื‘ ืœืžืงื•ืžื. ืื‘ืœ ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืžื™ืœื” ืฉืœื”ื ืจื™ืงื” ื‘ืœื™ ืฉืœืžื•ืช (ื”ื ืื™ื ื ืžืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื™, ื•ื’ื ืื™ื ื ืคื•ืจืขื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื•ืจ ื”ื“ืง, ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืžืœ ื•ืื™ื ื• ืคื•ืจืข ื›ืื™ืœื• ืœื ืžืœ), ืœื›ืŸ ื’ื ื”ืืจืฅ ืชื”ื™ื” ืชื—ืชื™ื”ื ืจื™ืงื” ื•ืฉื•ืžืžื”. ื•ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื™ื–ื›ื• ื‘ื” ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืžื™ืœืชื ืฉืœื™ืžื” (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื—"ื‘ ืœื‘, ื).

ื˜ - ืฉื‘ืช ื•ื”ืืจืฅ
ืžืฆื™ื ื• ืงืฉืจ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ื“ืฉ, ื•ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ืžืงื•ื“ืฉ, ื•ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื ื”ืขื ื”ืžืงื•ื“ืฉ. ื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื”ื–ื• ืœืขืฆืžื”, ืืœื ืžืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื ืฉืคืข ืฉืคืข ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื›ื” ืœื›ืœ ื™ืžื™ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข (ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื—"ื‘ ืคื—, ื), ื•ืžืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ืืจืฅ ืžืชื‘ืจืš ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื (ืข' ืชืขื ื™ืช ื™, ื), ื•ืžืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืชื‘ืจื›ื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื›ื‘, ื™ื—): "ื•ึฐื”ึดืชึฐื‘ึผึธืจึฒื›ื•ึผ ื‘ึฐื–ึทืจึฐืขึฒืšึธ ื›ึผึนืœ ื’ึผื•ึนื™ึตื™ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ".

ื”ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื‘ืข ืจื•ืžื– ืœืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืฉืงื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื˜ื‘ืข, ืฉื›ืŸ ืฉืฉืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืจื•ืžื–ื™ื ืœืฉืฉืช ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื’ืฉืžื™ - ืืจื‘ืข ืจื•ื—ื•ืช, ืžืขืœื” ื•ืžื˜ื”. ื•ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืฉืช ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื ื‘ืจื ื‘ืฉืฉื” ื™ืžื™ื, ื•ื‘ืื” ืฉื‘ืช ืœืชืช ืืช ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื (ืžื”ืจ"ืœ). ื•ื–ื” ื’ื ืขื ื™ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ืช.

ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ืืจืฅ ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช. ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืžืจื• ื—ื–"ืœ (ื‘ืจ"ืจ ืžื•, ื˜): "ืื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ื ื™ืš ืืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช - ื”ื ื ื›ื ืกื™ืŸ ืœืืจืฅ, ื•ืื ืœืื• - ืื™ื ื ื ื›ื ืกื™ืŸ". ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื›ืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื•ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืžืฉืชื—ืจืจ ืžืฉืขื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืžืœืื›ื”, ื•ืžืชืงืฉืจ ืœื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื, ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื—ื“ ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืขืจื›ื” ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ - ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืืช ื“ื‘ืจ ื”' ื‘ืขื•ืœื.

ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ืžืงื•ื“ืฉ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ - ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, ืื™ื ื• ื“ื•ื—ื” ืฉื‘ืช (ื™ื‘ืžื•ืช ื•, ื). ื•ืœืžื“ื• ื–ืืช ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืžื”ืคืกื•ืง (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื™ื˜, ืœ): "ืึถืช ืฉืึทื‘ึผึฐืชึนืชึทื™ ืชึผึดืฉืึฐืžึนืจื•ึผ ื•ึผืžึดืงึฐื“ึผึธืฉืึดื™ ืชึผึดื™ืจึธืื•ึผ ืึฒื ึดื™ ื”'". ืžืชื•ืš ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืื ื• ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื ืช ืขืจืš ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื“ื•ื—ื” ืฉื‘ืช. ื ืžืฆื ืฉื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ืจืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ืžืงื•ื, ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ื”ืืจืฅ ืชืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื ื•. 4

ื™ - ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ืฉื ืช ื”ืฉืžื™ื˜ื”
ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืžื™ื˜ื” ื•ื”ื™ื•ื‘ืœ ืžื‘ื˜ืื•ืช ืืช ืงื“ื•ืฉืชื” ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื”ื ื” ืื—ืช ืœืฉื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื, ื‘ืฉื ืช ื”ืฉืžื™ื˜ื”, ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ืฉื“ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ - ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื•ืžื•ืคืงืจื™ื ืœื›ืœ, ื•ืขื ื™ื™ื ื•ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ืจืฉืื™ื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืžื”ื ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื”. ื•ื‘ืฉื ืช ื”ื™ื•ื‘ืœ, ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื‘ืข ืฉืžื™ื˜ื•ืช, ื‘ืฉื ืช ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื, ืœื ืจืง ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืžืงื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ืžื•ืคืงืจื™ื ืœื›ืœ, ืืœื ื’ื ื”ืฉื“ื•ืช ืฉื ืžื›ืจื• ื‘ืžืฉืš ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื” ื—ื•ื–ืจื•ืช ืœื‘ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ, ื•ื”ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉื ืžื›ืจื• ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืœื—ื™ืจื•ืช. ื›ืžื• ืฉืฉื‘ืช ืžื’ืœื” ืืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“, ื›ืš ื”ืฉืžื™ื˜ื” ื•ื”ื™ื•ื‘ืœ ืžื’ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื›ืœืœ (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืงื“ืžืช ืžืจืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืœ'ืฉื‘ืช ื”ืืจืฅ').

ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฉืžื™ื˜ื” ื•ื”ื™ื•ื‘ืœ ืื ื• ื ื–ื›ืจื™ื ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”', ื•ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื ื‘ื ื™ื•, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื—ื•ืจื™ืŸ. ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื™ื ื ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืžื™ื˜ื” ื•ื™ื•ื‘ืœ, ื”ื ืžื˜ืžืื™ื ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื ืžื ืฆืœื™ื ืืช ืื“ืžืชื” ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืžืžื•ื ื ื‘ืœื™ ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื™ืขื•ื“ื”, ื•ื”ืจื™ ื”ื™ื ืžืงื™ืื” ืื•ืชื ืžืขืœื™ื”. ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื (ืžื“ืจืฉ ืื’ื“ื” ืœื•ื™ืงืจื ื›ื•, ืœื“): "ืืžืจ ื”ืงื‘"ื”: ื–ึดืจึฐืขื•ึผ ืฉืฉ ื•ื”ืฉืžื™ื˜ื• ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชื“ืขื• ืฉื”ืืจืฅ ืฉืœื™ ื•ืื ื™ ื ืชืชื™ื” ืœื›ื ืžื•ืจืฉื”, ืฉื ืืžืจ: ื›ื™ ืชื‘ื•ืื• ืืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ืืฉืจ ืื ื™ ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื›ื, ืœื ื‘ื—ืจื‘ืš ื•ืœื ื‘ืงืฉืชืš, ืืœื ืื ื™ ื ื•ืชืŸ ืื•ืชื” ืœื›ื. ื•ื”ื ืœื ืขืฉื• ื›ืŸ, ืืœื ื—ื˜ืื• ื•ืœื ืฉื‘ืชื• ืฉืžื™ื˜ื•ืช ื•ื™ื•ื‘ืœื•ืช, ื•ื’ืจืžื• ืœื”ื ื’ืœื•ืช, ืฉื ืืžืจ: ื›ึผึธืœ ื™ึฐืžึตื™ ื”ึธืฉึผืึทืžึผึธื” ืชึผึดืฉืึฐื‘ึผึนืช". ื•ื›ืŸ ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื (ืฉื‘ืช ืœื’ ื), ืฉื‘ืขื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืžื™ื˜ื” ื•ื™ื•ื‘ืœ ื‘ืื” ื’ืœื•ืช ืœืขื•ืœื. ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ืฉืžืจื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื” ืฉืœ ืฉืžื™ื˜ื” ื•ื™ื•ื‘ืœ, ื’ืœื• ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื” ืœื‘ื‘ืœ (ืจืฉ"ื™ ืœื•ื™ืงืจื ื›ื•, ืœื”).

ื•ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื‘ื’ืœื•ืช, ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ืขืœ ื›ื•ืจื—ื ื• ืœื ื ื•ื›ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืื“ืžืชื”, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ืœื ื ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืืจืฅ ื—ื•ืœ, ืื– ืชืœืš ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ืชื™ื˜ื”ืจ, ื”ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื™ื—ื–ืจื• ืœื”ืฆื™ืฃ ืืช ืœื‘ื‘ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ื™ื—ืก ืืœื™ื” ื›ืืœ ืžืงื•ื ืžืงื•ื“ืฉ, ื•ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื–ื” ื ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืืจืฅ. ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื ืืžืจ ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืงืœืœื•ืช, ืฉืื—ืจ ืฉื ืฆื ืœื’ืœื•ืช - "ืึธื– ืชึผึดืจึฐืฆึถื” ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืึถืช ืฉืึทื‘ึผึฐืชึนืชึถื™ื”ึธ ื›ึผึนืœ ื™ึฐืžึตื™ ื”ึณืฉืึทืžึผึธื” ื•ึฐืึทืชึผึถื ื‘ึผึฐืึถืจึถืฅ ืึนื™ึฐื‘ึตื™ื›ึถื, ืึธื– ืชึผึดืฉืึฐื‘ึผึทืช ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื•ึฐื”ึดืจึฐืฆึธืช ืึถืช ืฉืึทื‘ึผึฐืชึนืชึถื™ื”ึธ. ื›ึผึธืœ ื™ึฐืžึตื™ ื”ึธืฉึผืึทืžึผึธื” ืชึผึดืฉืึฐื‘ึผึนืช ืึตืช ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืœึนื ืฉืึธื‘ึฐืชึธื” ื‘ึผึฐืฉืึทื‘ึผึฐืชึนืชึตื™ื›ึถื ื‘ึผึฐืฉืึดื‘ึฐืชึผึฐื›ึถื ืขึธืœึถื™ื”ึธ" (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื›ื•, ืœื“-ืœื”). "ื•ึฐื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืชึผึตืขึธื–ึตื‘ ืžึตื”ึถื ื•ึฐืชึดืจึถืฅ ืึถืช ืฉืึทื‘ึผึฐืชึนืชึถื™ื”ึธ ื‘ึผึธื”ึฐืฉืึทืžึผึธื” ืžึตื”ึถื ื•ึฐื”ึตื ื™ึดืจึฐืฆื•ึผ ืึถืช ืขึฒื•ึนื ึธื..." (ืฉื ืžื’). "ื•ึฐื–ึธื›ึทืจึฐืชึผึดื™ ืœึธื”ึถื ื‘ึผึฐืจึดื™ืช ืจึดืืฉืึนื ึดื™ื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื”ื•ึนืฆึตืืชึดื™ ืึนืชึธื ืžึตืึถืจึถืฅ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื ืœึฐืขึตื™ื ึตื™ ื”ึทื’ึผื•ึนื™ึดื ืœึดื”ึฐื™ึนืช ืœึธื”ึถื ืœึตืืœึนื•ื”ึดื™ื ืึฒื ึดื™ ื”'" (ืฉื ืžื”).

ื™ื - ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ - ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ื•ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ืขื‘ื“ื™ื
ื›ืฉืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืืจืฆื•, ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ื”ื ืฉืžื” ืœื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช, ื›ื™ ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื™ื ื” ื—ื•ืกืžืช ืืช ื”ื ืฉืžื” ืžืœื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช. ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ื ืฉืžื” ื ืขืฉื™ื ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื—ื•ืจื™ืŸ. ืฉื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื—ื•ืžืจื ื•ืช ืขื™ืงืจ, ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ืžืฉื•ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ืœืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื—ืœืฉื™ื ืœื—ื–ืงื™ื, ื•ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื—ื–ืงื™ื ืžืฉื•ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ืœืชืื•ื•ืชื™ื”ื. ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื ืฉืžื” ืžืชื’ืœื” ืชื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืชื’ืœื”, ืฉื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ืœื”' ื•ืœื ืœืฉื•ื ื ื‘ืจื ืื—ืจ. ื›ืžื• ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื›ื”, ื ื”): "ื›ึผึดื™ ืœึดื™ ื‘ึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืขึฒื‘ึธื“ึดื™ื, ืขึฒื‘ึธื“ึทื™ ื”ึตื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื”ื•ึนืฆึตืืชึดื™ ืื•ึนืชึธื ืžึตืึถืจึถืฅ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึธื™ึดื ืึฒื ึดื™ ื”' ืึฑืœื•ึนื”ึตื™ื›ึถื". ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื‘ื“ื•ืช ืขื•ืœื, ืืœื ื‘ืฉื ืช ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื, ื”ื™ื ืฉื ืช ื”ื™ื•ื‘ืœ, ืžืฉื—ืจืจื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขื‘ื“ื™ื. 5

ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื’ื•ืจืœื™ืช ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืœืงื™ื•ืžื™ื ื• ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ืขื‘ื“ื™ื. ืขื‘ื“ ืจื’ื™ืœ ืžืฉืชื—ืจืจ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืฉ ืฉื ื™ื, ื•ืขื‘ื“ ื ืจืฆืข - ื‘ื™ื•ื‘ืœ. ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื–ื• ืžื‘ื˜ืืช ืืช ื”ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™. ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืื—ื“ ื”ืขื•ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืขื˜ื™ื™ื ื‘ื ืžืœืš ื‘ื‘ืœ ืขืœ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ืœืฆื•ืจ ืขืœื™ื” ื•ืœื”ื—ืจื™ื‘ื”. ื•ื›ืฉืจืื• ืฉืจื™ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื›ื™ ื›ืœืชื” ืืœื™ื”ื ื”ืจืขื”, ืฉืžืขื• ื‘ืงื•ืœ ืชื•ื›ื—ืชื• ืฉืœ ื™ืจืžื™ื”ื• ื•ืฉื—ืจืจื• ืืช ืขื‘ื“ื™ื”ื. ื•ื ืขืฉื” ืœื”ื ื ืก, ื•ืžืœืš ื‘ื‘ืœ ื”ืคืกื™ืง ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ืจ ืžืขืœ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ื”ืœืš ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื. ืื•ืœื ื”ื ืฉื‘ื• ืœืจืฉืขื•ืชื ื•ื—ื–ืจื• ืœืฉืขื‘ื“ ืืช ืขื‘ื“ื™ื”ื, ื•ื—ื–ืจ ืžืœืš ื‘ื‘ืœ ืœืฆื•ืจ ืขืœ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ื”ื—ืจื™ื‘ื” (ื™ืจืžื™ื”ื• ืœื“).

ื–ื”ื• ื’ื ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ืœื ื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืืจืฅ. ื’ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ืžื‘ื˜ืืช ืืช ื”ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ื”ืŸ ืื•ืช ืœืงืฉืจ ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืฉืœื ื• ืืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื”. ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืœืงื‘"ื” ืื ื• ื ืขืฉื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ื—ื•ืจื™ืŸ, ืžืฉื•ื—ืจืจื™ื ืžื›ืœ ืขื•ืœ ืื—ืจ ืฉื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ื”ืŸ ื›ืžื• ื›ืชืจ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื•ื–ื›ืจ ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ. ื‘ืคืจืฉืช 'ืงื“ืฉ': "ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ื›ึดื™ ื™ึฐื‘ึดื™ืึฒืšึธ ื”' ืึถืœ ืึถืจึถืฅ ื”ึทื›ึผึฐื ึทืขึฒื ึดื™ ื•ึฐื”ึทื—ึดืชึผึดื™ ื•ึฐื”ึธืึฑืžึนืจึดื™ ื•ึฐื”ึทื—ึดื•ึผึดื™ ื•ึฐื”ึทื™ึฐื‘ื•ึผืกึดื™ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื ึดืฉืึฐื‘ึผึทืข ืœึทืึฒื‘ึนืชึถื™ืšึธ ืœึธืชึถืช ืœึธืšึฐ ืึถืจึถืฅ ื–ึธื‘ึทืช ื—ึธืœึธื‘ ื•ึผื“ึฐื‘ึธืฉื..." (ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื’, ื”). ื•ื‘ืคืจืฉืช 'ื•ื”ื™ื” ื›ื™ ื™ื‘ื™ืืš': "ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ื›ึผึดื™ ื™ึฐื‘ึดืึฒืšึธ ื”' ืึถืœ ืึถืจึถืฅ ื”ึทื›ึผึฐื ึทืขึฒื ึดื™ ื›ึผึทืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื ึดืฉืึฐื‘ึผึทืข ืœึฐืšึธ ื•ึฐืœึทืึฒื‘ึนืชึถื™ืšึธ ื•ึผื ึฐืชึธื ึธื”ึผ ืœึธืšึฐ" (ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื’, ื™ื). ื•ืคืจืฉืช 'ื•ื”ื™ื” ืื ืฉืžื•ืข' ืขื•ืกืงืช ื›ื•ืœื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืฉื›ืจ ื•ื”ืขื•ื ืฉ ืฉืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืขื™ืงืจื• ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ื‘ืคืจืฉืช "ืฉืžืข" ืžื•ื–ื›ืจ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ื”' ืื—ื“, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืœืžื“ื ื• (ืœืขื™ืœ ื-ื‘) ืขื™ืงืจ ืืžื•ื ืช ื”ืื—ื“ื•ืช ืžืชื’ืœื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

ื’ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ, ื›ืžื• ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืืจืฅ, ืงื•ืฉืจืช ืืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืืœ ืชื•ืš ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ืช. ืฉื›ืŸ ื ืฆื˜ื•ื•ื ื• ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืคืจืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ืขืœ ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื”ืžื”, ื•ืžื ื™ื—ื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื‘ืชื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื”ืžื”, ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื”ื‘ื”ืžื™ื™ื ืžืงื•ืฉืจื™ื ืœืงื“ื•ืฉื”.

ื•ื›ืžื• ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื’ื ื”ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ืžื‘ื˜ืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ืกื’ื•ืœื™ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื”', ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืงื•ืฉืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ืœืจืืฉ ื•ืœื™ื“, ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืื ื• ืžืงื•ืฉืจื™ื ืžืžืฉ ืืœ ื”ื™ืขื•ื“ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™. ื•ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื•, ื) ืฉืืฃ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืžื ื™ื— ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ, ื•ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื”: "ื•ึผืžึดื™ ื›ึผึฐืขึทืžึผึฐืšึธ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื’ึผื•ึนื™ ืึถื—ึธื“ ื‘ึผึธืึธืจึถืฅ" (ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื' ื™ื–, ื›ื). 6


^ 1. ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื—ื™ื™ ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืžืงื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ื ืขืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ืžืขืฉื” ื•ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืš ืœื™ื‘ื ืžืืกื• ื‘ืืจืฅ ื—ืžื“ื”. ื›ืขื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืื“ืžื•"ืจ ื”ื–ืงืŸ (ืœื™ืงื•ื˜ื™ ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืœื— ืœื—, ื‘), ืฉืœื ืจืฆื• ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื˜ืขื ื• ืœืžื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื™ืจื“ ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืขืฉื”, ื”ืจื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช "ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื ื‘ืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื’ืฉืžื™ืช". "ืืš ื‘ืืžืช ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ื˜ืขื™ื, ืฉื”ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื•ื ืœืขืฉื•ืชื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื“ื•ื•ืงื. ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจื• ืจื–"ืœ (ืกื•ื˜ื” ื™ื“, ื) ื›ืžื” ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืชืคืœืœ ืžืฉื” ืœื™ื›ื ืก ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ืฉืืœื•: ื•ื›ื™ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืžืคื™ืจื•ืชื™ื” ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš? ืืœื ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื”". ื›ื™ ืงื™ื•ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ื•ื ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”' ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžืชื’ืœื” ืžืžื ื• ืื•ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“.
ื’ื ื‘ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ื›ืฉื”ื—ืœื” ื”ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ืœืฉื™ื‘ืช ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืืจืฅ ืžื—ื“ืฉ, ืงืžื• ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ืฉื ื™ืกื• ืœื”ื ื™ื ืืช ืœื‘ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื˜ืขื ื” ื›ื™ ืจืง ืกื›ื ื•ืช ืฆืคื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืกื›ื ื•ืช ืจืขื‘ ื•ืžื—ืœื•ืช, ื•ืกื›ื ื•ืช ืžืจืฆื—ื ื•ืช ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ื, ื•ืืฃ ื”ืืฉื™ืžื• ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื™ื ื›ื™ ื‘ืžืขืฉื™ื”ื ื”ื ืžืกื›ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืฉื ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื’ื•ืœื” ื•ืคื•ืขืœ ืœื”ืฉื’ืช ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื•ืช. ืœื™ืžื™ื ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ื›ื™ ื‘ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืชื” ืคืœื™ื˜ื” ืžืคื ื™ ื”ืฉืžื“ ืฉื‘ื”ืชื‘ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ืฉืžื“ื” ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ืœื”.
ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื›ืš ื”ื™ื•ื, ืžื™ ืฉืœื ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืขืจื›ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืืจืฅ, ืžื•ืฆื ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืงื•ืฉื™ ืœื™ื™ืฉื‘ื”, ื•ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืกื’ืช ื•ืžื‘ื™ื ืœืืกื•ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ืžื™ ืฉืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืขืจื›ื”, ืžื•ืฆื ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืžืขืฉื™ื•ืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ื‘ืืจืฅ ื•ืœื™ื™ืฉื‘ื”. ืื ื ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ, ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉื ื• ืจื•ื‘ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืžื•ืฆืง ืฉืžืชื ื’ื“ ืœื›ืœ ื ืกื™ื’ื” ืฉื”ื™ื, ื•ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ื‘ืืจืฅ ื•ืœื™ื™ืฉื‘ื”. ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืœื• ืฉืื™ื ื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื”, ื™ืฉ ืจื•ื‘ ืฉื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ื‘ืืจืฅ ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื—ืœืงื™ื ืžืžื ื”. ืžืฉืœ ืœืžื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื“ื•ืžื”, ืœืขืฆืœืŸ ืฉืžื ืกื™ื ืœืฉื›ื ืขื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“. ืืœืฃ ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ืจื™ืืœื™ื•ืช ื™ื˜ืขืŸ ืžื“ื•ืข ืœื ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื• ืœื—ืคืฉ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื•ื ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื‘ืžืฉืง ื•ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ืžื—ืคืฉ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื—ื‘ืœ ืœื‘ื–ื‘ื– ื–ืžืŸ ืขืœ ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉื™ื. ื•ืื ื™ืžืฆืื• ืœื• ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ื™ื—ืฉื•ืฉ ืฉื‘ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืจืžื” ืื•ืชื•. ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื™ื˜ืขืŸ ืฉืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืงืฆื‘ืช ืื‘ื˜ืœื”. ื•ืืฃ ืื ื ื•ื›ื™ื— ืœื• ืฉืื ื™ืขื‘ื•ื“ ื™ืจื•ื•ื™ื— ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื™ื˜ืขืŸ ืฉืœื ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืžื•ืฆืขืช ื›ื™ ืื•ืœื™ ืžื—ืจ ื™ืฆื™ืขื• ืœื• ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื•ืื ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื ืฉื›ื ืข ืื•ืชื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“, ื™ื—ื•ืฉ ื›ืื‘ ื‘ื’ื‘ื•. ื ืจืคื ืืช ื’ื‘ื•, ื™ื—ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจืืฉื•. ื ืจืคื ืืช ืจืืฉื•, ื™ืกืชื›ืกืš ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื™ื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ื ืคื™ื™ืก ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื - ื™ื™ืคื’ืข ืžื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžื ื”ืœ. ื•ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื—ืœื™ืœื”. ื›ืœืœื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“.
^ 2. ื‘ืืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืฆื“ื•ืง ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืžืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืŸ, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžืงืจื” ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืฉื‘ื—ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืคืœื’ื™ื ืขืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื—ื™ื‘ืชื” ืžื•ื‘ืื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืžืกื›ืช ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช. ืฉื›ืŸ ื›ืœ ืžืกื›ืช ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ื”ืงืฉืจ ื•ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ - ื”ืื™ืฉ ื•ื”ืืฉื”. ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืขื•ืกืงืช ื”ืžืกื›ืช ื‘ืกื•ืคื” ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ืœืงืฉืจ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ืœืืฉื”, ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ืกื‘, ื“-ื”): "ืœึนื ื™ึตืึธืžึตืจ ืœึธืšึฐ ืขื•ึนื“ ืขึฒื–ื•ึผื‘ึธื” ื•ึผืœึฐืึทืจึฐืฆึตืšึฐ ืœึนื ื™ึตืึธืžึตืจ ืขื•ึนื“ ืฉืึฐืžึธืžึธื”, ื›ึผึดื™ ืœึธืšึฐ ื™ึดืงึผึธืจึตื ื—ึถืคึฐืฆึดื™ ื‘ึธื”ึผ ื•ึผืœึฐืึทืจึฐืฆึตืšึฐ ื‘ึผึฐืขื•ึผืœึธื” ื›ึผึดื™ ื—ึธืคึตืฅ ื”' ื‘ึผึธืšึฐ ื•ึฐืึทืจึฐืฆึตืšึฐ ืชึผึดื‘ึผึธืขึตืœ. ื›ึผึดื™ ื™ึดื‘ึฐืขึทืœ ื‘ึผึธื—ื•ึผืจ ื‘ึผึฐืชื•ึผืœึธื” ื™ึดื‘ึฐืขึธืœื•ึผืšึฐ ื‘ึผึธื ึธื™ึดืšึฐ ื•ึผืžึฐืฉื‚ื•ึนืฉื‚ ื—ึธืชึธืŸ ืขึทืœ ื›ึผึทืœึผึธื” ื™ึธืฉื‚ึดื™ืฉื‚ ืขึธืœึทื™ึดืšึฐ ืึฑืœื•ึนื”ึธื™ึดืšึฐ". ื”ื’ืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืจื™ื—ื•ืง ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื”ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืืจืฅ ื”ื™ื ื”ื—ื–ืจื” ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ืœื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื ื”ืงื‘"ื”.
^ 3. ืขืœ ืฉืชื™ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉื”ืŸ ืฉืงื•ืœื•ืช ื›ื ื’ื“ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ืขืœ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืชื ืข"ื– ื“, ื’; ืกืคืจื™ ืจืื” ื ื’. ื•ืขืœ ืžื™ืœื” ื‘ื ื“ืจื™ื ืœื‘, ื. ืื•ืœื ื›ืคื™ ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืืจ ืœื”ืœืŸ ื’, ื•, ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื”ืœื›ืชื™ืช ืžืขืžื“ื” ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืฉื“ื•ื—ื™ื ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืืจืฅ, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื“ื•ื—ื™ื ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืžื™ืœื”.
^ 4. ืืžื ื ืžืœื—ืžืช ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื“ื•ื—ื” ืฉื‘ืช, ืฉื ืืžืจ: "ืขื“ ืจื“ืชื”", ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืฉื‘ืช (ืฉื‘ืช ื™ื˜, ื). ื•ื›ืŸ ื™ืจื™ื—ื• ื ื›ื‘ืฉื” ื‘ืฉื‘ืช (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืฉื‘ืช ืค"ื ื”"ื—). ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืืจืฅ ืื™ื ื• ื“ื•ื—ื” ืฉื‘ืช, ื–ื•ืœืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืžื™ืจื” ืœื’ื•ื™, ืฉื”ืงื™ืœื• ืœืงื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช ืžื’ื•ื™ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืžืฉื•ื ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืืจืฅ (ืฉื•"ืข ืื•"ื— ืฉื–, ื”).
^ 5. ื”ืขืจืš ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืžืชื’ืœื” ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื›ืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื—ืœืง ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ืจื•ืฉื” ืžื”ืื‘ื•ืช (ื‘"ื‘ ืงื™ื, ื), ื›ืคื™ ืฉืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ืฉ ืขืจืš ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื• ืžืฆื“ ื ืฉืžืชื•.
^ 6. ืืฃ ืขืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ืืžืจื• ื—ื–"ืœ ื‘ืžื ื—ื•ืช ืžื’, ื‘, ืฉื”ื™ื ืฉืงื•ืœื” ื›ื ื’ื“ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ืฉืืฃ ื”ื™ื ื›ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื‘ื˜ืืช ืืช ืกื’ื•ืœืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืืฃ ื”ื™ื ื‘ืื” ืœืงืฉื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ืช. ื•ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื›ื˜, ื, ืืžืจื• ืขืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฆื™ืฆื™ืช, ืฉื”ื™ื ืฉืงื•ืœื” ื›ื ื’ื“ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช. ืฉืืฃ ื”ื™ื ื›ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืืจืฅ ื‘ืื” ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช, ืฉื”ื˜ืœื™ืช ื›ืžื• ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ, ื•ื”ืฆื™ืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื•ื ืจืื•ืช ืžืžื ื” ืจื•ืžื–ื•ืช ืœืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืžื’ืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ. ื•ื›ืžื• ื”ื˜ืœื™ืช ืฉืขื•ื˜ืคืช ืืช ื”ืื“ื ื”ืœื•ื‘ืฉ ืื•ืชื”, ื›ืš ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืงื™ืคื” ืืช ื”ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ื”.
ืขื•ื“ ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื‘ื‘ื‘ื ื‘ืชืจื ื˜, ื, ืขืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฆื“ืงื”, ืฉื”ื™ื ืฉืงื•ืœื” ื›ื ื’ื“ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืคืื” ืค"ื ื”"ื, ืขืœ ื’ืžื™ืœื•ืช ื—ืกื“ื™ื. ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืžื™ื˜ื” ื•ื™ื•ื‘ืœ ืฉื”ืŸ ื›ืฆื“ืงื” ื•ื’ืžื™ืœื•ืช ื—ืกื“ื™ื ื›ืœืœื™ืช. ื•ื‘ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉ ื’ื ืฆื“ ืฉืœ ื’ืžื™ืœื•ืช ื—ืกื“ ืœื—ื•ืžืจื™ื•ืช, ืฉื”ื™ื ื ืชืจื—ืงื” ืžืžืงื•ืจื” ื”ืืœื•ืงื™, ื•ื‘ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจ ืืœ ืžืงื•ืจื”.
ื•ื›ืŸ ืืžืจื• ืขืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื›ื ื’ื“ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช (ืžืฉื ื” ืคืื” ื, ื, ื•ืขื•ื“ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช). ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื” ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ืคื™ ืฉืœืžื“ื ื• ื‘ื”ืœื›ื” ื‘' ืฉื”ื ื‘ื•ืื” ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื›ืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ ืคื” ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ืคื™ ืฉืœืžื“ื ื• ื‘ื”ืœื›ื” ื“'.
ื ืžืฆื ืฉืฉื‘ืข ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืืžืจื• ืขืœื™ื”ื ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉื”ืŸ ืฉืงื•ืœื•ืช ื›ื ื’ื“ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื•ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืืจืฅ. ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืœื”ืœืŸ ื’, ื•, ื‘ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืืจืฅ ืขืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื”ืœื›ืชื™ืช.

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