ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ืœื•ื— ืฉื ื” ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช

ื”ืงื“ืฉืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืืชืจ

ื”ืงื“ืฉ

ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
 ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืคืจืฉืช ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื•ืชื "ืš
  • ื—ื•ืžืฉ ืฉืžื•ืช
  • ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
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12 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”

ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืœืขื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืฉืžืช

ืืกืชืจ ืคืจื™ื™ื“ื ื‘ืช ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื•ืฉื•ืœืžื™ืช

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ืืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขืกื“ืจื•ืชืกืคืจื™ื”ืคืกืงื™ ื“ื™ืŸื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš
ืคืจืฉื•ืช ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”
ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืคืจืฉืช ื™ืชืจื• ื”ื™ื ื” ื”ืคืจืฉื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื”ืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืขืฉืจืช ื”ื“ื™ื‘ืจื•ืช, ืืš ืœืžืขืฉื” ื™ืฉื ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืกืงื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื”. ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื‘ืฉืœื— ื ืืžืจ ืขืœ ื”ื—ื ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžืจื” "ืฉืึธื ืฉื‚ึธื ืœื•ึน ื—ึนืง ื•ึผืžึดืฉืึฐืคึผึธื˜ ื•ึฐืฉืึธื ื ึดืกึผึธื”ื•ึผ" (ืฉืžื•ืช ื˜ื• ื›ื”); ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื™ืชืจื• ืžืชืืจืช ืืช ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ืขืฆืžื• ื•ื‘ื” ื ืืžืจื• ืขืฉืจืช ื”ื“ื™ื‘ืจื•ืช ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืคืจืฉืชื ื•, ืคืจืฉืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื, ืฉืคื•ืชื—ืช ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื "ื•ึฐืึตืœึผึถื” ื”ึทืžึผึดืฉืึฐืคึผึธื˜ึดื™ื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืชึผึธืฉื‚ึดื™ื ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ื”ึถื" 1 . ื•ืžืกื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ื“ื•ืžื” ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื–ื”ื” ืžืžืฉ ืœืžืขืžื“ ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื”.
ืื ื›ืš, ื”ื”ืงื“ืžื” ืœืžืขืžื“ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ื”ื™ื ื‘ืžืจื”, ืฉื ื ืืžืจ: "ื•ึทื™ึผึดืฆึฐืขึทืง ืึถืœ ื”' ื•ึทื™ึผื•ึนืจึตื”ื•ึผ ื”' ืขึตืฅ ื•ึทื™ึผึทืฉืึฐืœึตืšึฐ ืึถืœ ื”ึทืžึผึทื™ึดื ื•ึทื™ึดืžึฐืชึผึฐืงื•ึผ ื”ึทืžึผึธื™ึดื ืฉืึธื ืฉื‚ึธื ืœื•ึน ื—ึนืง ื•ึผืžึดืฉืึฐืคึผึธื˜ ื•ึฐืฉืึธื ื ึดืกึผึธื”ื•ึผ". ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–"ืœ ื ืืžืจ ืฉื”ืขืฅ ื”ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ื”ื•ื ืขืฅ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื โ€“ ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืžืงื“ื™ื ืœืชืืจ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื˜ืจื ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™, ื•ื‘ื”ืงื“ืžื” ื–ื• ืื•ืžืจ ื”' ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื‘ืžื‘ื˜ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื ืจืื™ืช ืžืจื”, ื“ื•ืจืฉืช, ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื’ื ื›ื•ืคื”, ืืš ืœืžืขืฉื” ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ืื—ืจืช โ€“ "ื•ึทื™ึผื•ึนืจึตื”ื•ึผ ื”' ืขึตืฅ ื•ึทื™ึผึทืฉืึฐืœึตืšึฐ ืึถืœ ื”ึทืžึผึทื™ึดื ื•ึฝื™ึผึดืžึฐืชึผึฐืงื•ึผ ื”ึทืžึผึธื™ึดื ". ืžืชื™ืงื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ื™ืฉ ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืฉืจ ื”ื "ื•ืžึฐืชื•ึผืงึดื™ื ืžึดื“ึผึฐื‘ึทืฉื ื•ึฐื ึนืคึถืช ืฆื•ึผืคึดึฝื™ื" (ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ื™ื˜'). ืขืœ ืคื™ ื–ื” ืžืชื‘ืงืฉ ื’ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืžื™ืœื™ื "ื•ึฐืฉืึธื ื ึดืกึผึธื”ื•ึผ " ืื™ื ืŸ ืจืง ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืืœื ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ืจื•ืžืžื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ื”ืจืžืช ื ืก ื•ื“ื’ืœ, ื•ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืจื•ืžื ืืช ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœื•ืช ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืงื“ืžื” ื–ื• ืฉื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืžืจื” ืขื•ื“ ื˜ืจื ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื”.
ื™ืฉื ื• ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื•ืกืฃ ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ ื‘ืคืจืฉืชื ื• ื•ืจื‘ื™ื ืื™ื ื ืžื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœืžื™ืงื•ืžื• ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ื•ื”ื•ื ืืžื™ืจืช "ื ืขืฉื” ื•ื ืฉืžืข" (ืฉืžื•ืช ื›ื“ ื–). ืจื‘ื™ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืืžื™ืจื” ื–ื• ื›ืชื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื™ืชืจื• ืืš ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื”ืžืชืืจื™ื ืืช ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืืช ื”ื›ืจื–ืชื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ "ื ืขืฉื” ื•ื ืฉืžืข". ืฉืืœืช ืžื™ืงื•ื ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืžื‘ื™ื›ื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ืคืกื•ืง ื ืฉื’ื‘ ื–ื” ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื™ืชืจื•, ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืฉื™ืฉ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื ื ื›ืชื‘ ืคืกื•ืง ื›ื–ื”... ืจืง ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื "ื‘ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืžืงืจื" ืœืกื•ืฃ ืคืจืฉืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื, ืžื’ืœื™ื ืœืคืชืข ืืช ืฆืžื“ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ื”ืœืœื•.
ืขื ื–ืืช, ื™ืฉ ืฉืชื™ ื“ืขื•ืช ืžืชื™ ืื›ืŸ ื”ื›ืจื™ื–ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ "ื ืขืฉื” ื•ื ืฉืžืข". ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ (ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืœืคืจืฉืชื ื• ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืคืจืง ื›ื“') ืกื•ื‘ืจ ืฉืžืฉื” ืงืจื ื‘ืื–ื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืช ื›ืœ ืคืจืฉืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื›ืจื™ื–ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ืžืฉื” "ื ืขืฉื” ื•ื ืฉืžืข". ื•ื–ื” ืžืขืžื“ ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืขืžื“ ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ืขื ืขืฉืจืช ื”ื“ื™ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื ื™ืชื ื• ื‘ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื™ืชืจื•. ืœืขื•ืžืชื•, ืจืฉ"ื™ (ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืœืคืจืฉืชื ื• ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืคืจืง ื›ื“' ื•ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืคืจืง) ื•ืขื•ื“ ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืืžื™ืจื” ื–ื• ื ืืžืจื” ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื˜ืจื ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ื›ื”ื›ื ื” ืœืžืขืžื“.
ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืชื‘ื•ื ื ื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืคืจืฉื”, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ื›ืœ ืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ื“ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื‘ืื™ื ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื, ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืœืžืขืžื“ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™. ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื ื™ื›ืจืช ื™ืฉื ื” ื‘ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ืืœื” ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืคืจืฉื”, ื—ื–ืจื” ืขืœ ืžืขืžื“ ืขืœ ืกื™ื ื™ ืฉืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืงื‘ืœืช ื“ื‘ืจ ื”' ื•ืžืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื• ืœืื•ืจ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืžืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืคืจืฉืชื ื•. ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ืื•ืชื• ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื’ืจ ื”ื‘ื ืœื”ืชื’ื™ื™ืจ. ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื’ื™ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืฉืœื‘ื™ื, ืžื™ืœื”, ืงืจื‘ืŸ ื•ืงื‘ืœืช ืขื•ืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช. ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืจืžื•ื–ื™ื ื•ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืœืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืคืจืฉืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื: "ื•ึทื™ึผึดืฉืึฐืœึทื— ืึถืช ื ึทืขึฒืจึตื™ ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื•ึทื™ึผึทืขึฒืœื•ึผ ืขึนืœึนืช ื•ึทื™ึผึดื–ึฐื‘ึผึฐื—ื•ึผ ื–ึฐื‘ึธื—ึดื™ื ืฉืึฐืœึธืžึดื™ื ืœึทื”' ืคึผึธืจึดื™ื: ื•ึทื™ึผึดืงึผึทื— ืžึนืฉืึถื” ื—ึฒืฆึดื™ ื”ึทื“ึผึธื ื•ึทื™ึผึธืฉื‚ึถื ื‘ึผึธืึทื’ึผึธื ึนืช ื•ึทื—ึฒืฆึดื™ ื”ึทื“ึผึธื ื–ึธืจึทืง ืขึทืœ ื”ึทืžึผึดื–ึฐื‘ึผึตื—ึท: ื•ึทื™ึผึดืงึผึทื— ืกึตืคึถืจ ื”ึทื‘ึผึฐืจึดื™ืช ื•ึทื™ึผึดืงึฐืจึธื ื‘ึผึฐืึธื–ึฐื ึตื™ ื”ึธืขึธื" (ืฉืžื•ืช ื›ื“ ื”-ื–), ืขื“ ื›ืืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ื•ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืคืกื•ืง ื– ืžื•ื‘ืื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ื”ืžื•ื›ืจื•ืช ืœื ื•: "ื•ึทื™ึผึนืืžึฐืจื•ึผ ื›ึผึนืœ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื“ึผึดื‘ึผึถืจ ื”' ื ึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึถื” ื•ึฐื ึดืฉืึฐืžึธืข", ื•ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ืื—ืจื™ื• ื ืืžืจ: "ื•ึทื™ึผึดืงึผึทื— ืžึนืฉืึถื” ืึถืช ื”ึทื“ึผึธื ื•ึทื™ึผึดื–ึฐืจึนืง ืขึทืœ ื”ึธืขึธื ื•ึทื™ึผึนืืžึถืจ ื”ึดื ึผึตื” ื“ึทื ื”ึทื‘ึผึฐืจึดื™ืช ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื›ึผึธืจึทืช ื”' ืขึดืžึผึธื›ึถื ืขึทืœ ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทื“ึผึฐื‘ึธืจึดื™ื ื”ึธืึตืœึผึถื”".
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืขืžื•ืงื” ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืžืฉืชื™ ืคืจืฉื™ื•ืช ืืœื• ืฉืžืงื™ืคื•ืช ืืช ืคืจืฉืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ืžืฉื ื™ ืฆื“ื“ื™ื”, ื ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืคืฉื˜ื™ ื”ืžืงืจืื•ืช ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืกื‘ืจื ืฉืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื”ืคืจืฉื ื™ื ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืขืžื™ืง ื‘ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”' ื”ื ื“ืจืฉืช ืžืื™ืชื ื• ืœืื•ืจ ื–ืืช.
ื›ืคื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ืจ ื›ื’ื™ื’ื™ืช
ืขืœ ืฉื™ื˜ืช ืจืฉ"ื™ ืฉืกื•ืฃ ืคืจืฉืชื ื• ื”ื•ื ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ื•ื”ื”ื›ื ื” ืืœื™ื•, ื™ืฉ ืžืกืคืจ ืฉืืœื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช (ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืฉืืœื” ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช ืžื“ื•ืข ืœืฉื™ื˜ืชื• ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ื”ืชืคืฆืœ ืœืคืขืžื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืฉื ื™ ื ืžืฆื ืฉืœื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืœื•) ื•ืื—ืช ืžื”ืŸ ืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ืฉืืœืช ื›ืคื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ืจ ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืืžื ื ืืคืฉืจ ืœืคืจืฉ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืคืฉื˜ ืฉืืžื™ืจืช 'ื ืขืฉื”' ื ืืžืจื” ืขืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื ื›ื‘ืจ ืฉืžืขื• ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•'ื ืฉืžืข' ื ืืžืจื” ืขืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืขื•ื“ ืœื ืฉืžืขื•. ืืš ื—ื–"ืœ ืคื™ืจืฉื• ืฉืฆืžื“ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื”ื•ืœืš ื™ื—ื“, ื•ืื ื›ืŸ, ืœืฉื™ื˜ืช ืจืฉ"ื™ ืฉื”ื›ืจื–ื” ื–ื• ื ืืžืจื” ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™, ืžื“ื•ืข ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื›ืคื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ืจ ื›ื’ื™ื’ื™ืช, ื”ืจื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืจืฆื•ื ื?
ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืžืจื ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ืฉื‘ืช (ืคื— ืข"ื): "ื•ื™ืชื™ืฆื‘ื• ื‘ืชื—ืชื™ืช ื”ื”ืจ. ื''ืจ ืื‘ื“ื™ืžื™ ื‘ืจ ื—ืžื ื‘ืจ ื—ืกื ืžืœืžื“ ืฉื›ืคื” ื”ืงื‘''ื” ืขืœื™ื”ื ืืช ื”ื”ืจ ื›ื’ื™ื’ื™ืช ื•ืืžืจ ืœื”ื ืื ืืชื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžื•ื˜ื‘ ื•ืื ืœืื• ืฉื ืชื”ื ืงื‘ื•ืจืชื›ื. ื''ืจ ืื—ื ื‘ืจ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืžื›ืืŸ ืžื•ื“ืขื ืจื‘ื” ืœืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื". ื”'ืžื•ื“ืขื” ืจื‘ื” ืœืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื' ื ื•ืขื“ื” ืœืžืงืจื” ื‘ื• ื™ืชื‘ืข ืื•ืชื ื• ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœื“ื™ืŸ ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ "ืื ื•ืกื™ื ื”ื™ื™ื ื•" ืฉื”ืจื™ ื›ืคื™ืช ืขืœื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ื”ืจ. ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืชืžื”ื™ื ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ื™ื” ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื›ืคื™ื” ื–ื•, ื•ื”ืจื™ ื”ื›ืจื–ื ื• "ื ืขืฉื” ื•ื ืฉืžืข", ืืš ืื™ื ื ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืืช ืฆื“ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืืœื” ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืžืจื, ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ "ืื ื•ืกื™ื ื”ื™ื™ื ื•" ื•ื”ืจื™ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื›ืจื™ื–ื• "ื ืขืฉื” ื•ื ืฉืžืข"?
ืขืœ ืจืงืข ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื–ื• ื ื“ืจืฉ ื’ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ื”ื™ื” ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ืืžื™ืจืช "ื ืขืฉื” ื•ื ืฉืžืข". ืขืœ ืคื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžื›ื™ืœืชื ื“ืจืฉื‘"ื™ ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืืžื™ืจื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื™ื“ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื›ืคื™ื” ื•ืžืชืืจ ืฉ"ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฉืขื” ื’ืขื• ื›ื•ืœื ื•ืฉืคื›ื• ืœื™ื‘ื ื›ืžื™ื ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ืืžืจื• "ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ื“ื™ื‘ืจ ื”' โ€“ ื ืขืฉื” ื•ื ืฉืžืข" (ืžื›ื™ืœืชื ื“ืจืฉื‘"ื™ ืคืจืง ื™ื˜' ืœืคืกื•ืง ื™ื–').
ืœืคื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, ื”ืžื™ื™ืฉื‘ื™ื ืืฃ ืืช ืฉืืœืช ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืืžื™ืจื”, ืืžื™ืจืช "ื ืขืฉื” ื•ื ืฉืžืข" ืœื ื‘ืื” ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืคื™ื” ืืœื ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืชื™ื”, ื•ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื›ืคื™ื™ื” ืฉืžืขื™ื“ื” ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื”ื–ื“ื”ื•ืช ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ื•ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ืขื ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ื”ื›ืจื™ื–ื• โ€“ "ื ืขืฉื” ื•ื ืฉืžืข".
ืœืขื•ืžืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”, ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืชื ื ืืžืจื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืงืฉื™ื ื”ื ืจืื™ื ื›ื”ืคื•ื›ื™ื:
ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื›ืฉื”ื™ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ื‘ืงืฉื• ืœื’ื ื•ื‘ ื“ืขืช ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื”, ืฉื ืืžืจ "ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ื“ื™ื‘ืจ ื”' ื ืขืฉื” ื•ื ืฉืžืข", ื•ื™ืคืชื•ื”ื• ื‘ืคื™ื”ื, ื•ื‘ืœืฉื•ื ื ื™ื›ื–ื‘ื• ืœื•, ื•ืœื™ื‘ื ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืขืžื•. ื•ืœื ื ืืžื ื• ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืชื•, ื•ืืข"ืค ื›ืŸ โ€“ "ื•ื”ื•ื ืจื—ื•ื, ื™ื›ืคืจ ืขื•ื•ืŸ ื•ืœื ื™ืฉื—ื™ืช". (ืชื•ืกืคืชื ื‘ื‘ื ืงืžื ื–, ื˜')
ืื ื›ืŸ, ืžืชืขืฆืžืช ื”ืฉืืœื” โ€“ ืžื” ื”ื™ื” ืฉื? ืžื” ื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืจื™ ืกื™ื ื™, ื”ืื ื’ืขื• ื›ื•ืœื ื‘ื‘ื›ื™ ืื• ืฉื—ืก ื•ืฉืœื•ื ื‘ื™ืงืฉื• ืœื’ื ื•ื‘ ืืช ื“ืขืช ื”ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื?
ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืงื˜ื ื•ึผืช
ื”ื‘ืขืฉ"ื˜ ื–ื™"ืข (ื‘ืœื™ืงื•ื˜ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืขื”"ืช ืคืจืฉืช ื™ืชืจื• ื–) ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื›ืคื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ืจ ื›ื“ืจืš ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”' ื‘ื–ืžื ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžื™ื:
ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืžืคื™ ืžื•ืจื™ ื–ืœื”"ื” ืข"ื”, "ืœื›ืš ื›ืคื” ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืจ ื›ื’ื™ื’ื™ืช" ืœืœืžื“ ืฉื’ื ืฉืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉืง ืœืชื•ืจื” ื•ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”', ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืื™ื ื• ื‘ืŸ ื—ื•ืจื™ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ื˜ืœ ืจืง ื™ืขืฉื” ื‘ืขืœ ื›ืจื—ื• ื•ื™ื“ืžื” ื›ืžื™ ืฉื›ื•ืคื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืขืœ ื›ืจื—ื•. ื•ื”ื•ื ื“ืจืš ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืื™ืฉ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ืœื™ืžื™ ื”ืงื˜ื ื•ึผืช, ืฉืœื ื™ื‘ื˜ืœ ื”ืชืžื™ื“ ืžืขืกืง ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื• ื•ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ื’ื ืฉืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉืง, ื“ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืขื•ืฉื” ืžืขืฉื”:
ื—ืกื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืขืฉื” ืขืžื ื• ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืข ื‘ื ื• ื‘ืื•ืชื ื™ืžื™ ื—ืฉืง, ื”ื•ื“ ื•ื”ืชืจื’ืฉื•ืช ื’ื ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื• ื’ื ืžื›ืคื™ื™ื”. ืืžื ื ื‘ืื•ืชื ื™ืžื™ื ื ืคืœืื™ื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืœืื™ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืฉืžื›ื•ื—ื• ื”ื›ืจื–ื ื• ืงื‘ืœ ืขื ื•ืขื“ื” "ื ืขืฉื” ื•ื ืฉืžืข", ืืš ื‘ื“ ื‘ื‘ื“ ืจื›ืฉื ื• ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืืช ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื’ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืื™ืŸ ื”ืชืจื’ืฉื•ืช ื•ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืจื‘. ืื™ืœื•ืœื ื›ืคื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ืจ ื›ื’ื™ื’ื™ืช ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืจืง ืขืœ ื“ืขืช ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื™ืฉ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืฉืžื—ื” ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื‘ื‘, ืจืง ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ืžืชื™ืงื•ืช ืฉื‘ื” ื•ืœื ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืงื™ื™ืžื” ื’ื ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ื ืจืื™ืช ืœื ื• ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืžืจื™ืจื”, ืื• ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืงื˜ื ื•ึผืช ื•ื—ืฉื›ื•ืช.
ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืืžื™ืจื” "ื ืขืฉื” ื•ื ืฉืžืข" ืžื•ื‘ืืช ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืœืื—ืจ ืคืจืฉืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื, ืœืื—ืจ ืคืจื˜ื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ืจืื•ืช ื›ืžืฆืžืฆืžื™ื ื•ืžืงื˜ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื”"ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื" ืฉืœ ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™. ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ื”ืžืื™ืจ ื•ื”ืžืจื’ืฉ ืขื•ื˜ืฃ ื•ืžืงื™ืฃ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื™ืฉ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืื•ื ืก, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืฉื’ื‘ ื•ื”ื”ื•ื“ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืจื” ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื, ื•ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ืœืœืžื“ื ื• ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืื“ื.
ืจื‘ื™ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืžืื™ื–'ื‘ื™ืฆื” ื–ื™"ืข ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืกืคืจื• ืžื™ ื”ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื—ืจื™ืฃ:
"ื”ืžืจื—ืง ืžืคืจืฉืช ื™ืชืจื• ืœืคืจืฉืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืžืื’ืจื ืจืžื” ืœื‘ื™ืจื ืขืžื™ืงืชื ืฉื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื™ืชืจื• ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืงืจื‘ืช ืืœืงื™ื ื•ื”ืคืจืฉื” ื”ื–ืืช ืžืชื—ืœืช ื›ื™ ืชืงื ื” ืขื‘ื“ ืขื‘ืจื™ ืฉื”ืœืš ื•ื’ื ื‘ ื•ื ืชืคืก ื•ื ืžื›ืจ ื‘ื‘ื™"ื“ ... ืืš ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ื” ื›ื™ ื‘ื›ืืŸ ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืขื•ืœื ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ..."
ื‘ืžื‘ื˜ ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ื”ืคืขืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”"ืื•ืจื•ืช" ืฉืœ ืขืฉืจืช ื”ื“ื™ื‘ืจื•ืช , ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืคืจื˜ื™ ื“ื™ื ื™ ื ื–ื™ืงื™ืŸ ื•ืขื‘ื“ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืขืฆื•ื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ืคื ื™ืžื” ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืื“ืจื‘ื” ื–ื” ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืฉืœื ื‘ื• ื”ืื•ืจื•ืช ืžืชื’ืœื™ื ื‘ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืคื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื.
ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื–ื” ืฉื™ื™ืš ืžืื“ ืœื“ื•ืจื ื• ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“, ื”ืžื‘ืงืฉ "ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ" ืœื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื•ืชื• ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉื” ื•ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื—ืคืฅ ืœื”ืชื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขืฉื™ื” ื‘"ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ"; ื‘"ื–ืจื™ืžื”"; ื‘"ื—ื•ื™ื”" ื•ื‘"ืื•ืจื•ืช". ืœื›ืŸ ื›ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื“ื•ืจื ื• ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื“ืจืš ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืืฃ ื‘ืงื˜ื ื•ึผืช.
ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืคืขื” ื”ื–ื•, ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ื‘ื“ื•ืจื ื•, ื“ื™ื‘ืจ ื”ืจื‘ ืขืžื™ื˜ืœ ื–ืฆ"ืœ ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื”ืจ ืขืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื ืช ืชืฉ"ืก:
ืื ื™ ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืขืจื‘ ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ืืฆืœ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื ื•ืขืจ ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ ื“ืชื™ ื‘ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืชืœืžื•ื“ื™ ืชื•ืจื”, ื‘ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืชื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ืžื›ื™ื ื•ืช ืงื“ื ืฆื‘ืื™ื•ืช, ื•ืื ื™ ืžื ื™ื— ืฉื’ื ืืฆืœ ื—ืœืง ืžื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื”ืกื“ืจ. ืื™ื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืคืขื ืขืœ ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื™ืœื•ืŸ, ืฉืœืฆืขืจื ื• ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื’ื ื‘ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืชื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื™ื, ืืœื ืขืœ ื ื•ืขืจ ืฉื•ืžืจ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืคื™ืชื— ืœืขืฆืžื• ืื™ื“ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื”. ืœืคื ื™ื ื• ืชื•ืคืขื” ืžืจืชืงืช ื•ื’ื ืžืคืœื™ืื”. ืžื™ืœืช ื”ืžืคืชื— ื”ื™ื: "ื”ืชื—ื‘ืจื•ืช". ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื•ื”ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ ื”ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ืื•ืชื ื‘ื ื™ ื ื•ืขืจ ืœืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืžื” ืฉื ืงืจื ื‘ืฉืคืชื "ื”ืชื—ื‘ืจื•ืช". ืกืžื›ื•ืช ื•ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืช, ืฉื ื™ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืœืขื“ื™ื”ื ืงืฉื” ืœืชืืจ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืคื™ ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืคื›ื• ืœื‘ืœืชื™ ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืืฆืœื. ืœื ื–ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืฉืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื ืืœื• ืœื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื™ื”ื, ืืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื–ื”, ืขืฆื ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืืœื” (ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืกืžื›ื•ืช) ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ืฉื™ื—ื ื’ื•ืจื ืœื ืชืง ืžื™ื“ื™, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื”ืชื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉืขืœื™ื” ื”ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืื™ืฉื™ืช, ืื™ื ื“ื™ื‘ื™ื“ื•ืืœื™ืช ื•ื—ื•ื•ื™ืชื™ืช. ื”ืงื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืคืขื” ื–ื• ืœื ื™ื“ื•ืข ืœื™, ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื”ืจื•ืฉื ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ืžืชืคืฉื˜ืช.
ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืืžืจ ื”ืจื‘ ืขืžื™ื˜ืœ ื‘ืฉื ืช ืชืฉ"ืก, ื•ืžืื– ืชื•ืคืขื” ื–ื• ืจืง ืฆืžื—ื” ื•ื”ืชืจื—ื‘ื”. ืืฃ ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื ื“ื™ื‘ืจ ื”ืจื‘ ืขืžื™ื˜ืœ ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•, ื•ื›ื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื "ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืœื™", "ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืืœื™" ื•ื“ื•ืžื™ื”ื. ื”ืชื•ืคืขื” ื”ื–ื• ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ. ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืคื ื™ื• ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”, ื›ืืฉืจ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืื™ื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ โ€“ ืื™ื ื™ ืžืงื™ื™ื; ื•ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืคื ื™ื•, ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ, ืคื ื™ืžื” ืฉื ื‘ืื” ื”ืชื•ืคืขื” ืขื ื ื™ืžื•ืงื™ื ื•ืคืœืคื•ืœื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืืชืคืœืœ ื‘ืฉืžื—ื” ื•ื›ืขืช "ืœื ืžืื™ืจ" ืœื™ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ, ืื• ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืกืชืจืง ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉื”ืจื™ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ืจืื•ืช ื™ืคื”...
ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืจื›ื” ื™ืฉ ื’ื ื‘ืชื•ืคืขื” ื–ื• ื”ืžื‘ืงืฉืช ืœื—ื“ื•ืจ ืคื ื™ืžื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืฆื•ื” ื•ืœื ืœื”ืกืชืคืง ื‘ืขืฉื™ืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื›ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืœื•ืžื“ื”, ืขืฉื™ื” ืฉืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช ื ื˜ื•ืœืช ืœื‘ ื•ื”ื–ื“ื”ื•ืช. ื›ื ืจืื” ื“ื•ืจื ื• ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ืžืขืœื” ืžืขืœื” ืขื ื›ื ืคื™ ื”ืจื•ื— ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื•ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืืจืฅ ื•ืžืขืฉื” ืขื ืจื•ื—. ืื‘ืœ ื—ืก ื•ืฉืœื•ื ืœื”ืชื ื•ืช ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ืจืง ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ "ืžืื™ืจ" ืœื™, ืฉืื ื›ืŸ ื ืžืฆื ื—"ื• ืฉื”ืื“ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื•ืœื ืืช ื‘ื•ืจืื•...
ื”ืžื”ืจ"ืœ ื–ื™"ืข (ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ื’ื•ืจ ืืจื™ื” ืœืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื˜, ื™ื–') ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื›ืคื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ืจ ืžืขื™ื“ื” ืขืœ ื”ื”ื›ืจื— ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื‘ืœืฉื•ื ื•: "ืื‘ืœ ื”ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืืฉืจ ื ืจืื” ืคืฉื•ื˜, ื›ื™ ื›ืคื” ืขืœื™ื”ื ื”ื”ืจ ื›ื’ื™ื’ื™ืช ืœื•ืžืจ 'ืื ืœื ืชืงื‘ืœื• ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉื ืชื”ื ืงื‘ื•ืจืชื›ื' ืœื•ืžืจ ื›ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ืช ืœืงื‘ืœื” ". ืืžื ื ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื‘ืขืฉ"ื˜ ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžื”ืจ"ืœ, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ืžื”ืจ"ืœ ื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืฉื”ื›ืคื™ื™ื” ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ื˜ื‘ื•ืขื” ื‘ืงืจื‘ื ื• ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ื‘ืขืฉ"ื˜ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื”ื›ืคื™ื” ื‘ืื” ืœื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื‘ืฉืขืช ืงื˜ื ื•ึผืช ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ. ื–ื• ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื ืคืœืื” ืœืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉืขืฉืชื” ื”ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœื™ื. ื”ื‘ืขืฉ"ื˜ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ืœืื•ืชื• ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ืื•ืžืจ ื”ืžื”ืจ"ืœ, ื•ืืช ืื•ืชื” ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื”ืžื”ืจ"ืœ ืื•ืžืจ ื”ื‘ืขืฉ"ื˜ ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืฉืœื”. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ืช ืœืื“ื ื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ื’ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื’ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืืคื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืงื˜ื ื•ึผืช ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ. ื”ืจื‘ื™ ืžืœื™ื•ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉ ื–ื™"ืข ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื“ื•ื•ืงื ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ืงื˜ื ื•ึผืช ืžืขื™ื“ื” ืขืœ ื”ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœืื“ื, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืจืง ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืฉื™ื™ื›ื™ื ืœื™ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ืื ื™ ืžืงื™ื™ื ืืฃ ื‘ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื•ืช.
ื›ืคื™ื™ื” ื•ื‘ื—ื™ืจื”
ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื’ืžืจื ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” (ื›ื‘ ืข"ื‘) "ื''ืจ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื‘ื ื ื—ืฉ ืขืœ ื—ื•ื” ื”ื˜ื™ืœ ื‘ื” ื–ื•ื”ืžื... ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืขืžื“ื• ืขืœ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ืคืกืงื” ื–ื•ื”ืžืชืŸ". ื”ื ื—ืฉ ื”ื˜ื™ืœ ื‘ื—ื•ื” ืืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืฉื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืงื™ื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืจืง ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื ื ื—ืžื“ื™ื ื•ื™ืคื™ื "ื ื—ืžื“ ืœืžืจืื” ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืžืื›ืœ" (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื‘ ื˜), ืืš ืื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ื ื• ื›ื–ื” ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืงื™ื™ื ืื•ืชื•. ื–ื• ื–ื•ื”ืžื” ื ื•ืจืื” ืฉืจืง ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ื”ื ืฉื’ื‘ ืฉืœ ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ื’ื ืืช ืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื, ืคืกืงื” ื–ื•ื”ืžืชื•, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืจืง ืื– ื”ืฉื›ืœื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืœื—ื™ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืฉื ืงื™ื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืœื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืข ื•ื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ.
ื›ืš ืžืชื•ืจืฆื™ื ื”ืžื“ืจืฉื™ื ื”ื ืจืื™ื ื›ืกื•ืชืจื™ื ื–ื” ืืช ื–ื”. ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžื›ื™ืœืชื ื“ืจืฉื‘"ื™ ื”ืžืชืืจืช ื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ื ืฉื’ื‘ืช ื‘ืฉืขืช ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืกืคืชื ื”ืงืฉื™ื ื”ืžืชืืจื™ื ืžืœืื›ืช ืจืžื™ื”. ื‘ืžื‘ื˜ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื ืจืื” ืฉื›ืจื™ืชืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืงื‘"ื” ื‘ืื” ืžืชื•ืš ืฉืžื—ื” ื•ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื™ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืฉืขื•ืช ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืงื•ืฉื™ ืจื‘ ื‘ืฉืžื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื•ืงื™ื•ืžื”. ื•ืื ื›ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืžืžื•ืช ื”ืจื•ื— ืฉืœ ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ื™ืฉ ืžื™ืžื“ ืฉืœ ืจืžื™ื” ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ืœื•ืช, ืžืชืžืœื ื”ืœื‘ ื‘ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืจื™ืชืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช, ืืš ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžืขื™ื“ ืขืœ ื”ื™ื—ืก ื”ื”ื“ื“ื™ ื•ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ืงื˜ื ื•ึผืช ื•ื”ืงื•ืฉื™.
ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืื“ื ืžืชืขื•ืจืจ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืืœื™ื• ืฉื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ื–ื• ืชื™ืžืฉืš ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื™ื™ืจื’ืข, ืœื›ืŸ ืœืื“ื ื”ืฆื•ืคื” ืžื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ื ืจืื™ืช ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ื–ื• ื›ืจืžืื•ืช. ืœื›ืŸ, ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืืžื™ืจืช "ื ืขืฉื” ื•ื ืฉืžืข" ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื•ื›ืคื” ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืจ ื›ื’ื™ื’ื™ืช ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื›ืคื™ื™ื” ืžื’ืœื” ืืช ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื›ืจื™ืชืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ืชืžื™ื“ื™ืช ืขื ื”ืงื‘"ื”.
ืขืœ ืชื•ืจื” ื–ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืขืฉ"ื˜ ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืกืคืจ "ืžืงื•ืจ ืžื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื" ื›ืš: " ื•ื‘ื™ืืจ ืžืจืŸ ื”ืจื™ื‘"ืฉ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืืžืจ ื›ืคื” ืขืœื™ื”ื ื”ื”ืจ, ืœืœืžื“ ืฉืืฃ ื‘ืขืช ืฉื ืกืชืœืง ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ืœืžืฉื ื›ื‘ื“ ื™ืงื‘ืœ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืขื•ืœ ืชื•ืจื”, ื›ื”ืื™ ืชื•ืจื ื“ื™ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ื” ืขื•ืœ ื‘ืงื“ืžื™ืชื ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ืœืืคืงื ืžื™ื ื™ื” ื˜ื‘ ืœืขืœืžื, ืขื“ ื›ืืŸ ืœืฉื•ื ื•. ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืœืขื™ืœ ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื•ื™ืฉืœื— ืื•ืช ื™"ื“ ืฉืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืฉื›ืจ ื”ื•ื ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ืื“ื ืขื•ืฉื” ื‘ื”ื›ืจื—, ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื".
ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืชืขื ื•ื’ ื•ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืืš ืคื” ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื”ืฉื›ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื”ื›ืจื— ื•ืขืœ ื”ืžืืžืฅ ื”ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ื•. ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฆืขืจ ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”, ืืš ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื”ืฉื›ืจ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื”ื•ื ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ืื“ื ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืœื ืฉืžื— ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ื•.
ืื™ืŸ ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ื–ืงื•ืง ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืืชื›ืคื™ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืงืฉื™ื ืžืœืื™ ื”ืงื˜ื ื•ึผืช ื›ืžื• ื”ื“ื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื•. ื•ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ื ื˜ื™ื™ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื‘ื›ืœืœื•ืชื• ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื’ื“ืœื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ื’ื ื–ื• ื”ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ื•ื‘ืžื™ืžื“ ื”ื›ืคื™ื™ื” 2 .
ื’ื“ืœื•ืช ื•ืงื˜ื ื•ึผืช
ื‘ืืžื™ืจืช "ื ืขืฉื” ื•ื ืฉืžืข" ืžืกืชืชืจ ืžืกืจ ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืฉืžื™ ืฉืขื•ืฉื”ื• ืžื•ื‘ื˜ื— ืœื• ืฉื’ื ื™ืฉืžืข ื•ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ. ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช, ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืืชื›ืคื™ื โ€“ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื’ื ื‘ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื›ืคื™ื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช, ื”ื™ื ื”ื“ืจืš ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืืชื”ืคื›ื ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื”ื–ื“ื”ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืฉืžื—ื”.
ืชื™ืื•ืจ ื ืคืœื ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ื–ื”, ืžืฆื•ื™ ืืฆืœ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืžืคื•ืœื ืื” ื–ื™"ืข, ื‘ืขืœ ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื™ืขืงื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ, ื‘ืกืคืจื• ื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืจืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ (ืคืจืฉืช ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช):
ื•ื‘ื–ื” ืชื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื—ืœืช ืžืกื›ืช ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ "ื”ืืฉื” ื ืงื ื™ืช ื‘ื’' ื“ืจื›ื™ื, ื‘ื›ืกืฃ ื‘ืฉื˜ืจ ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ืื”" ื•ื›ื•'... ืฉื™ืฉ ื’' ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”'. ื’ื“ืœื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืกื™ื•ืข ื•ื—ืกื“ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื”ืื•ื—ื– ื‘ื™ื“ื• ื•ืžืกื™ื™ืขื• โ€“ ื ืงืจื ืื‘ืจื”ื. ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื‘' ืฉื™ืœืš ืžืขืฆืžื• ื”ื ื™ืžื™ ื”ืงื˜ื ื•ึผืช ื•ื”ื“ื™ืŸ, ืฉื ืงืจื ื™ืฆื—ืง.
ื‘ืฉืœื‘ื™ ื”ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ืขืจื™ื ื™ืฉ ืฉืœื‘ ื‘ื• ื”ื™ืœื“ ื ื”ืคืš ืœื ืขืจ, ืžืขื™ืŸ ื’ื‘ืจ ืงื˜ืŸ. ืžื™ื“ ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื’ื™ืœ ื”ื”ืชื‘ื’ืจื•ืช ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืงื˜ื ื•ื ื™, ื‘ืขืœ ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ืงื˜ื ื•ึผืช, ื•ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืžื’ื™ืข ื”ืื“ื ืœื’ื“ืœื•ืช ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืฉื ื™ื”. ื’ื™ืœ ื”ื”ืชื‘ื’ืจื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ื’ืžื ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ืช ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ืงื˜ื ื•ึผืช ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœื’ื“ืœื•ืช. ื ืขืจื™ื ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืžืฉื•ื˜ื˜ื™ื ื•ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืœื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ื‘ืขื” ืœื’ื‘ืขื” ื•ืžื›ื™ื›ืจ ืœื›ื™ื›ืจ, ื•ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ืขื ืขื•ืฆืžื•ืช ืื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื‘ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืชื”ื•. ืชืคืงื™ื“ื ืฉืœ ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื ืขืจ ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ืืช ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืงื˜ื ื•ึผืช ืฉืœื• ื•ืœื”ื›ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืžืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื•, ืืš ื‘ื“ ื‘ื‘ื“ ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืื•ืชื ืœื’ื“ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ืช ืœื”ื.
ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืื•ืชื• ืžืฆื™ื’ ืจ' ื™ืขืงื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืžื•ืจื’ืฉ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื’ื ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”. ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืœื”ืชืงืจื‘ื•ืชื ื”ื ืžืื™ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉืžืฆืื• ืœืœื ื›ืœ ืงื•ืฉื™, ืืš ืื˜ ืื˜ ื”ื ืžื’ืœื™ื ืฉื“ืจื›ื ืื™ื ื” ืกื•ื’ื” ื‘ืฉื•ืฉื ื™ื ื•ื™ืฉ ืงื•ืฆื™ื ื•ืžื ื™ืขื•ืช, ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื ืคื™ืœื•ืช. ื–ื• ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ืงื˜ื ื•ึผืช ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœื’ื“ืœื•ืช ืืžืชื™ืช. ืืช ื”ืื•ืจ ื•ื”ื’ื“ืœื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืžื‘ื™ื ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื‘ื—ืกื“, ื•ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืงื˜ื ื•ึผืช ืžื’ื™ืข ื’ื™ืœ ื”ื”ืชื‘ื’ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ื—ื“ืฉื” โ€“ ื’ื“ืœื•ืช ืืžื™ืชื™ืช, ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ืžื“ืจื’ื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ืื•ืชื” ืžื•ื ื” ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช:
ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื’' โ€“ ืฉื—ื•ื–ืจ ืœืžื“ืจื™ื’ืชื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ืฉื›ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื—ื•ืฉืง ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”', ืฉื ืงืจื ื’ื“ืœื•ืช ืฉื ื™ ื•ื›ื•', ื™ืขื•ื™"ืฉ.
ื•ื‘ื–ื” ื™ื•ื‘ืŸ, ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ื ืงืจื ืื™ืฉ, ืฉื”ื•ื "ืื™ืฉ ืžืœื—ืžื”", ื•ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ืงืจืื™ืŸ ืืฉื”, ื•ื–ื” ืฉืืžืจ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ "ื”ืืฉื” ื ืงื ื™ืช ืœื‘ืขืœื”", ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื ืงืจืื™ืŸ ืืฉืชื• ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ "ื‘ื’' ื“ืจื›ื™ื". ืื—ื“ ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช "ื‘ื›ืกืฃ" ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื—ืกื“ โ€“ ื™ืžื™ ื”ื—ืกื“ ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ืžืกื™ื™ืขื• ื‘ื—ืกื“ื• ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื•ืื– ื›ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื—ื•ืฉืง ื•ืžืชืœื”ื‘ ื‘ืชื•ืจืชื• ื•ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ื™ืช', ื•ืื– ื ืงืจื ื’ื“ืœื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ืŸ.
ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื ืกืชืœืง ื–ื” ื•ื ืงืจื ื™ืžื™ ื”ืงื˜ื ื•ึผืช, ื•ื’ื ืฉืื™ื ื• ื›ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื—ื•ืฉืง ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืขืœ ืฆื“ ื”ื”ื›ืจื— ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ื‘ืง ืืช ืขืฆืžื• "ื‘ืฉื˜ืจ" ืฉื”ื ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืกืคืจ ืฉื ืงืจื ืฉื˜ืจ, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื• ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” ื›ืืฉืจ ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžืžื•ืจื™ ื–ืœื”"ื” ื–ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืกื’ื•ืœื” ื•ื›ื•'.
ืขื“ ืฉื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืœื”ืชืขื ื’ ื‘ื• ื™ืช' ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื‘ืื• ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืชืคื™ืœื” ืฉื ืงืจื "ื‘ื‘ื™ืื”" ืฉื”ื•ื ื–ื•ื•ื’ ื‘' ื”ื "ืœ.
ื›ืืฉืจ ืื“ื ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืืชื›ืคื™ื ืžืขืฉื™ื• ื ื”ืคื›ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ื•ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืืžื™ืชื™ ื”ื ืงืจื ื‘ื™ืื” ื•ื”ืชื—ื‘ืจื•ืช.
ืœืงืจืืช ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืื“ืจ ื”ืžืžืฉืžืฉ ื•ื‘ื ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื”, ืจืื•ื™ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื›ืš ื’ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืžืจื "ื”ื“ื•ืจ ืงื‘ืœื•ื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืื—ืฉื•ื•ืจื•ืฉ". ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืขืœืช ืื•ืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื, ืงื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื‘ืจืงื™ื, ืืš ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื ื—ืจื‘ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื•ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื’ื•ืœื™ื ืžืืจืฆื ื•ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื‘ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ืงื˜ื ื•ึผืช ื•ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ื–ื•ื”ืžืช ื”ื ื—ืฉ. ื‘ื ืก ืคื•ืจื™ื ืžื’ื™ืขื” ื”ื’ื“ืœื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ื‘ื” ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืขื ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืžืชื•ืš ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ืงื™ื™ื ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื•ืืžืชื™. ื›ืขืช ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–"ืœ ืขืœ ื ืก ืคื•ืจื™ื: "ืœื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ืื•ืจื” โ€“ ื–ื• ืชื•ืจื”" (ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื˜ื– ืข"ื‘), ื•ื›ื™ ืขื“ ื ืก ืคื•ืจื™ื ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืชื•ืจื”? ืืœื ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืชื•ืจื” ืืš ื”ื™ื ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืื•ืจื” ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ืื” ื‘ื›ืคื™ื™ื”. ืืš ื›ืขืช, ื›ืืฉืจ ื’ื“ืœ, ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืืช ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื‘ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ื’ื“ืœื•ืช.
ื”ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื–ื” ืžืฆื•ื™ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื›ื•ืœื• ืืš ื‘ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื“ืชื™, ื‘ื• ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื ื•ื™ื” ืขืœ ื‘ื—ื™ืจืชื• ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช ื•ื”ื™ื ื˜ื‘ืข ื ืฉืžืชื•.
ืื—ื“ ื”ืื“ืžื•"ืจื™ื ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื“ื•ืจื ื• ื”ื’ื™ืข ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ืœื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฉืคืขืช ื•ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจืื™"ื” ื–ืฆ"ืœ ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ื”ืžืฉื’ื™ื— ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ืชืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื• ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ืฉืœ ืงืจื•ื‘ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื• ื”ืœื•ืžื“ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”, ื”ื•ื ื ืขื ื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืžืฉื’ื™ื—. ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื”ื•ื ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืœืœื ืžืฉื’ื™ื—, ืืš ื”ืžืœื•ื•ื” ืฉืœื• ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืข ืœื• ืขืœ ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื•ืกื™ืคืจ ืœืจื‘ื™ ืฉืื‘ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ื™ื“ื•ืข ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืžื‘ื ื• ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืืœื™ื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื•, ืืš ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ื—ืจ ืžืจืฆื•ื ื• ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื“ืขืช ืื‘ื™ื• ื•ืœืฉื›ืจ ืฉืžื—ื›ื” ืœื• ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื›ื–ื•, ื•ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื—ืจ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืื‘ื™ื• ื‘ืขืœ ืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœื•ื—ืฅ ืขืœื™ื• ืœื‘ื•ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขื™ืžื• ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืœืื”. ื ืขื ื” ื”ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื ื•ืืžืจ, ืื›ืŸ ืžื™ ืฉื›ืš ื‘ื•ื—ืจ ืžืจืฆื•ื ื• ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืื™ื ื• ื–ืงื•ืง ืœืžืฉื’ื™ื—...
ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื“ืชื™ ืจื’ื™ืœ ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจื”, ื•ื™ืชื™ืจื” ืžื›ืš, ื”ื•ื ื›ืœืœ ืื™ื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจ ืืช ืžื•ืฉื’ ื”ื›ืคื™ื™ื”. ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืฆืขื™ืจ ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจืฉื•ื ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืฉื™ื“ื•ืš ื˜ื•ื‘, ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืœื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ื“ื•ืš ืฉืœ ืื—ื•ืชื•... ืื‘ืœ ืœื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ื–ื” ื™ืฉื ื ื’ื ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžืื“. ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื›ืš ืฉืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื’ื ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืจืื•ื™ื” ืื™ื ื” ื‘ืื” ืžืชื•ืš ืงื‘ืœืช ืขื•ืœ, ืืœื ืจืง ื›ืฉืžืชืื™ื ื•ื ื•ื—. ืจืง ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืื“ื ื™ื•ื“ืข ื’ื ืœื›ื•ืฃ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื•ืžืชืจื’ืœ ืœ"ืžืกื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื ืคืฉ" ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžื™ื, ืื– ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืฉื™ื™ื›ื™ื ื•ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื ืœื• ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžื”ืจ"ืœ, ื•ืกื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ืงื‘ืœืช ืขื•ืœ ื•ื›ืคื™ื™ื” ื–ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื•ื”ื–ื“ื”ื•ืช ืืžื™ืชื™ืช.
ื”ืื“ื ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืืช ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืชื—ื“ืฉืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื , ื•ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืื•ืชื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื”ืŸ ืžืฆื™ื“ื” ื”ืžื•ื›ืจื— ื•ื”ืŸ ืžืฆื™ื“ื” ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื™ โ€“ ื›ืคื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ืจ ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืืžื™ืจืช "ื ืขืฉื” ื•ื ืฉืžืข", ื•ื›ืš ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืืช ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืืฃ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ื”ืงื˜ื ื•ึผืช ื•ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืื•ืชืŸ ืืœ ื”ื’ื“ืœื•ืช ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช, ืืœ ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™.
ื ื–ื›ื” ื‘ืขื–"ื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืฃ ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ื‘ื” ืžื‘ื•ืืจื™ื ื”"ื“ื™ื ื™ื" ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”ื›ืจื–ืช "ื ืขืฉื” ื•ื ืฉืžืข" ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื–ื• ื ื–ื›ื” ืœื”ืžืชืงืช ื”ื“ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ื”ืงื˜ื ื•ึผืช ื•ืœื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ื‘ืื”ื‘ื” ืฉืœืžื”.



^ 1.ื•ื›ืš ืืฃ ื ืืžืจ ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ (ืฉืžื•"ืจ ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ืœ): ื“ึผึธื‘ึธืจ ืึทื—ึตืจ 'ื•ึฐืึตืœึผึถื” ื”ึทืžึผึดืฉืึฐืคึผึธื˜ึดื™ื', ืžึทื” ื›ึผึฐืชึดื™ื‘ ืœึฐืžึทืขึฐืœึธื” ืžึดืŸ ื”ึทืคึผึธืจึธืฉืึธื” "ื•ึฐืฉืึธืคึฐื˜ื•ึผ ืึถืช ื”ึธืขึธื ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ืขึตืช", ื•ึฐืึธืžึทืจ ื›ึผึธืืŸ "ื•ึฐืึตืœึผึถื” ื”ึทืžึผึดืฉืึฐืคึผึธื˜ึดื™ื" - ื•ึฐื”ึทื“ึดื™ื‘ึผึฐืจื•ึนืช ื‘ึผึธืึถืžึฐืฆึทืข. ืžึธืฉืึธืœ ืœึฐืžึทื˜ึฐืจื•ึนื ึธื” ืฉืึถื”ึธื™ึฐืชึธื” ืžึฐื”ึทืœึผึถื›ึถืช, ื”ึทื–ึผึทื™ึผึดืŸ ืžึดื›ึผึธืืŸ ื•ึฐื”ึทื–ึผึทื™ึผึดืŸ ืžึดื›ึผึธืืŸ ื•ึฐื”ึดื™ื ื‘ึผึธืึถืžึฐืฆึทืข. ื›ึผึธืšึฐ ื”ึทืชึผื•ึนืจึธื”, ื“ึผึดื™ื ึดื™ืŸ ืžึดืœึผึฐืคึธื ึถื™ื”ึธ ื•ึฐื“ึดื™ื ึดื™ืŸ ืžึตืึทื—ึฒืจึถื™ื”ึธ, ื•ึฐื”ึดื™ื ื‘ึผึธืึถืžึฐืฆึทืข. ื•ึฐื›ึตืŸ ื”ื•ึผื ืื•ึนืžึตืจ: ื‘ึผึฐืึนืจึทื— ืฆึฐื“ึธืงึธื” ืึฒื”ึทืœึผึตืšึฐ, ื”ึทืชึผื•ึนืจึธื” ืื•ึนืžึถืจึถืช ื‘ึผึฐืึตื™ื–ึถื” ื ึธืชึดื™ื‘ ืึฒื ึดื™ ืžึฐื”ึทืœึผึถื›ึถืช, ืึฒื”ึทืœึผึตืšึฐ ื‘ึผึฐื“ึทืจึฐื›ึผึธืŸ ืฉืึถืœ ืขื•ึนืฉื‚ึตื™ ืฆึฐื“ึธืงึธื”: ื‘ึผึฐืชื•ึนืšึฐ ื ึฐืชึดื™ื‘ื•ึนืช ืžึดืฉืึฐืคึผึธื˜, ื”ึทืชึผื•ึนืจึธื” ื‘ึผึธืึถืžึฐืฆึทืข ื•ึฐื“ึดื™ื ึดื™ืŸ ืžึดืœึผึฐืคึธื ึถื™ื”ึธ ื•ึฐื“ึดื™ื ึดื™ืŸ ืžึตืึทื—ึฒืจึถื™ื”ึธ, ืžึดืœึผึฐืคึธื ึถื™ื”ึธ, ืฉืึถื ึผึถืึฑืžึทืจ: ืฉืึธื ืฉื‚ึธื ืœื•ึน ื—ึนืง ื•ึผืžึดืฉืึฐืคึผึธื˜, ื•ึฐื“ึดื™ื ึดื™ืŸ ืžึตืึทื—ึฒืจึถื™ื”ึธ, ืฉืึถื ึผึถืึฑืžึทืจ: ื•ึฐืึตืœึผึถื” ื”ึทืžึผึดืฉืึฐืคึผึธื˜ึดื™ื.
^ 2.



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ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื“ื•ื“ืงื‘ื™ืฅ'

ืจื‘ ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื™ืฆื”ืจ ื•ืจืืฉ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ืจื•ืขื” ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื™ืฆื”ืจ
ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื
ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื

ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืžื”ื™ืจ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•
     ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“
     ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืฆื‘ื™ ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืฆื‘ื™ ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื‘ืจื™ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื‘ืจื™ืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ื ื™ ืืœื•ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ื ื™ ืืœื•ืŸ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื ื—ืžื™ื” ื’ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจื’ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื ื—ืžื™ื” ื’ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจื’ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืžืœืžื“
     ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืžืœืžื“
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ
  • undefined
    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš

    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš โ€“ ื—ืงืช

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 606

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 606

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    ืคืจืฉืช ืฉื‘ื•ืข

    ืœื›ืœ ืื™ืฉ ื™ืฉ ืฉื. ืขืœ ื“ืช, ืจื ื•ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื›ืจืžืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    ื—ืžื“ืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช

    ืžื’ืข ืžืื›ืœื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ื ื›ืœื™ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื›ืœื™ ืฉื ื™, ื•ืขื™ืจื•ื™

    ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ืฆืœืืœ ื“ื ื™ืืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    ื—ืงืช

    ืœืžื” ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื”ืคืš ืœื ื™ื™ืจ ื—ืกืจ ืขืจืš?

    ื”ืจื‘ ื ืชื ืืœ ื™ื•ืกื™ืคื•ืŸ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืœื ื˜ืจื’ื“ื™ื”, ืฆืžื™ื—ื”

    ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉืžื–ื”ื™ืจื™ื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืงื™ืขืชื• ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืฉืŸ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜, ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ืžืกืคืจืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืื—ืจ: ืขื•ืœื ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื ื™, ืืฉืจ ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืืชื’ืจื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื™ื, ื—ื•ื•ื” ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืคืจื™ื—ื” ื—ืกืจืช ืชืงื“ื™ื ื•ืžืขืžื™ื“ ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืœื›ืชื™ืช ืžืขืฉื™ืช ืœืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™

    ื”ืจื‘ ืื•ืจื™ ืกื“ืŸ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืฆื‘ื

    ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื ื”

    ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื”ืžื’ื“ืจื™ืช ื‘ืฆื‘ื ืื™ื ื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉืœ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื. ืชื ืื™ ื”ืœื—ื™ืžื”, ื”ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื•ื”ืงืจื‘ื” ื”ืžืžื•ืฉื›ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ืฉืืœืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื“ื™ื ื™ ืฆื ื™ืขื•ืช ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืื—ืจืช

    ื”ืจื‘ ืขื–ืจื™ืืœ ืืจื™ืืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” - ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื

    ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ืื‘ ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื‘ื ื• ืื•ืžื ื•ืช, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืžืงืฆื•ืข | ื’ื ืื ื”ื‘ืŸ ื™ื‘ื—ืจ ืœื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื• ืœืชื•ืจื”, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื˜ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืื‘ ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื‘ื ื• ืื•ืžื ื•ืช | ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉื”' ืžื‘ื™ื ืœืื“ื ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ืจื™ืฆื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• | ื”ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื›ืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ื”ืฉื | ื”ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืื—ื“ ืžืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื• ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื, ืฉื ื‘ืจื "ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื•ืœืฉื•ืžืจื”", ื•ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ืขื‘ื™ืจื”

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื-ืช ืค"ืฉ

    ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื-ืช-ืค"ืฉ ืคืจืฉืช ื—ืงืช

    ื•ึทื™ึตึผืฉึถืื‘ ื‘ึฐึผืึถืจึถืฅ ื˜ื•ึนื‘. ืžื”ื™ ืฉืžื” ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ืฉืžื” | ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื™ื, ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ ื•ืฉื™ืจืช ืžืฉื” ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืื–ื™ื ื• | ืžื” ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ื ื™ื— ืืช ื ื—ืฉ ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉืช ืขืœ ืขืžื“ื•, ื•ืจืง ื—ื–ืงื™ื”ื• ืžืœืš ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืขืžื“ ื•ืฉื‘ืจื• ืฉืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืื•ืชื• | ืจืื™ื” ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื” ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืจื•ืฆื— ื ืคืฉ ื‘ืฉื’ื’ื”. ื•ืขื•ื“!

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ - ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืœืžืŸ ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื

    ื™ืกื•ื“ ื•ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช

    ื“ืจืš ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื’' ืคืกืงื” ื”-ื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžื‘ืืจ ื›ื™ ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืžื•ืฉืชืช ืขืœ ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ืขืจืš ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ ื•ื”ืชืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืจืื•. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืจื‘ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืขืžื•ืงื” ื–ื• ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžืชืžื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ื•ื“ื‘ื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืจ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™, ืฉืฉื™ืื• ื•ื”ืฉืœืžืชื• ื‘ืื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ื”ืคื™ื›ืช ื”ืจืข ืœื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืฉืš ืœืื•ืจ.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    33 ื“ืง'
    ืžืืžืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™

    ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื•ืจื™ื

    ืžืืžืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื”ืžืฉืš ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืคืกืงื” ื–'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืงื™ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื ื“ืžื•ืช ืฉื›ืœืชื ื™ื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืื‘ ื•ืื ื•ื‘ืจื™ืช ืžื™ืœื”, ืชื•ืš ื”ื“ื’ืฉื” ืฉื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ ื›ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™. ื“ืจืš ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžื”ื’ืžืจื, ืคืกื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ ืกืคืจ ื”ื›ื•ื–ืจื™, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉืช ื”ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื”ืขืœ-ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืืœื•.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื‘ื™ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื•ืจืฅ | ื›"ื’ ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    33 ื“ืง'
    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉ"ืก

    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืงื“ืฉื•ืช

    ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ื”ืงื“ืฉื•ืช ืื™ื ื ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืจืง ืœืกื“ืจ ืงื“ืฉื™ื, ืืœื ื’ื ืœื ื“ืจื™ื ื•ืœื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช. ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ื‘ืื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื“ืžื™ื ืœืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืคื” ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื›ืœื™, ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื™ืจื•ืช, ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื ื™ืกื™ื ื–ืื’ื | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ

    ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื

    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืคืจืง ื”, ืคืกืงื” ื–-ื—

    ื™ืฉื ื” ื“ื•- ืกื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื—ืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ืื“ื ื•ืจืฆื•ื ื• ืœื”ื™ื˜ื™ื‘: ื”ืŸ ืžืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ื–ื• ืืช ื–ื• ื‘ื”ื“ื“ื™ื•ืช.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    30 ื“ืง'
    ื—ืงืช

    ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืกืœืข ืื• ื”ื›ืืชื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    10 ื“ืง'
    ื›ื”ื ื™ื

    ื‘ืจื›ืช ื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื - ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืœื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    1:00
    ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ืš - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•

    ืคืจืฉืช ื—ืงืช ืชืฉืค"ื• โ€“ ื”ื’ื™ืข ื–ืžืŸ ื’ืื•ืœืชื›ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื• | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    23 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื•

    ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ "ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘" ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื ื•ืชืง ืžื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืžืขืฉื™ืช, ื•ืžื‘ืงืจ ืืช ื”ื ืฆืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื—ืจื” ืœื”ื™ืฉืขืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืชื•ืš ื ื˜ื™ืฉืช ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืืœ ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื•ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœืกืœื•ืœ ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื•ืœื”ืืจืช ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœืŸ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื’' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    35 ื“ืง'
    ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช

    ื ืคื™ืœืช ืืคื™ื™ื - ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื•ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    7 ื“ืง'
    ื›ื”ื ื™ื

    ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื—ืก ืืœื™ื”ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    34 ื“ืง'
    ื—ืงืช

    ืกื•ื“ ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ื•ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ืžืกืžืœืช ืงื‘ืœืช ืขื•ืœ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ื™ื ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช, ื•ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ืžืื” ื•ื”ื˜ื”ืจื” ื”ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืงื“ื•ืฉืชื• ื•ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืจื‘ ืžืชืืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ืช ื–ื• ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืœื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืคื ื™ืžื™, ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื•ืฉืžื— ืืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืžืฉืชืงืฃ ื‘"ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ" ื•ืžื‘ื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืœื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ืฉืŸ | ื’' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    39 ื“ืง'
    ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ.ื™ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ

    ืžืœื—ืžืช ืขื•ืœื ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืœ ื•ืฉื ื”ื•ื•ื™ื”

    ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื” - ืžืืžืจ "ื ืื“ืจ ื‘ืงื•ื“ืฉ" ืกืขื™ืฃ ื“'

    ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืฆ"ืœ ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืืช ื”ืคื™ืกืงืื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช ื•ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืืช ืฉื ื”ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืฉื•ืจืฉ ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ. ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ | ืœ' ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื
ืื–ื•ืจ ืื™ืฉื™

ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœืš, ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื‘ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ื•ืœื”ืžืฉืš ืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื• ืขื–ื‘ืช ืื•ืชืŸ.

ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il