ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืžื“ื•ืจื™ื
  • ืกื“ืจื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช
  • ืคืชื—ื™ ืืžื•ื ื”
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
undefined
6 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”

ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืœืขื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืฉืžืช

ืฉืœืžื” ื‘ืŸ ื™ืขืงื‘

ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืœื™ืžื”
ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ืžื™ืกื•ื“ื• ืฉืœ ืžืจืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืฆ"ืœ ืžื—ื ืš ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื•ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืœืื•ืจ ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืœื™ืžื”: ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืžื“ืจื™ื›ื” ื ืคืฉ ื•ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ืžืจื•ืžืžืช ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื›ืžื• ืืช ื”ืจื•ื—. ื›ืคื™ ืฉืœืžื“ื ื•, ืขื™ืงืจ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ืคืขืช ื”ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ.
ืื—ื“ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื ื‘ืืžื•ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื ื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ืขื, ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”' ื›ืœืœื™ืช, ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ื‘ืืจืฆื• ืขืœ ืคื™ ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช, ื•ื”ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื”. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื‘ืจืจ ืœืขื•ืžืง ืืช ืขื ื™ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ืืจืฆื ื• ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื”.

ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ืืจืฅ
ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื™ืช ื ื–ื›ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ื”' ืœืื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ื ืชื™ื ืช ื”ืืจืฅ. ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืŸ ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ื™ืฉ ื‘ืจื™ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ื•ื‘ืขืฆื ืžื˜ืจืช ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ืชืจื™ื ื›ื”ื‘ืื” ืœืืจืฅ. ืืš ืžื”ื™ ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ื‘ื›ืœืœ? ื•ืžื” ื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ื”ื™ื ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ?
ื›ื“ืจื›ื ื•, ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืžืงื™ืคื” ืืœื ืคืชื™ื—ืช ืคืชื— ื•ืื™ื“ืš ื–ื™ืœ ื’ืžื•ืจ.

ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ื™ืฉืจืืœ
ื ืคืชื— ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืฆื ื”ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ืœืืจืฅ. ื™ืฉื ื• ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉืงื•ื‘ืข ืฉื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืืจืฆื ื”ื•ื ื›ืขื™ืŸ 'ืฉื™ื“ื•ืš' ืืœื•ืงื™. ื•ื›ืš ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื—ื–"ืœ (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืจื‘ื” ืžืกืขื™ ืคืจืฉื” ื›ื’, ื–):

ืœื”ื•ื“ื™ืขืš ืฉืื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื›ื"ื™ ื"ืœ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ืœืžืฉื” ื”ืŸ ื”ืืจืฅ ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืขืœื™ ืฉื ืืžืจ ืืจืฅ ืืฉืจ ื”' ืืœื”ื™ืš ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืื•ืชื” ืชืžื™ื“ ื•ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ ืฉื ืืžืจ ื›ื™ ืžืื”ื‘ืช ื”' ืืชื›ื ืืžืจ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ืื ื™ ืื›ื ื™ืก ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื”ืŸ ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ ืœืืจืฅ ืฉื—ื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืขืœื™ ืฉื ืืžืจ ื›ื™ ืืชื ื‘ืื™ื ืืœ ืืจืฅ ื›ื ืขืŸ.

ืœืžื“ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืงืฉืจ ืืœื•ืงื™ ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื‘ื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื”', ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืืจืฅ ืœื”'. ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืงืฉืจ ืืœื•ืงื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื™ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–"ืœ ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกืžื™ื (ืกื•ื˜ื” ื™ื–, ื) : 'ืื™ืฉ ื•ืืฉื” ื–ื›ื• ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื'. ื”ื™ื™ื ื•, ื›ืฉื ืฉืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ื–ื•ื’ ื”ื•ื ืืœื•ืงื™, ื›ืš ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืืจืฆื. ื”ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœ ืงืฉืจ ืืœื•ืงื™ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืœื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืžื”ื•ื•ืช ืืช ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื™ื ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ืงืฉืจ ืืœื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ืขืœื™ื•ื ื•ืช. ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืงืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืืœื•ืงื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขืฆืžื™ื•ืช, ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฆืžืชื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื‘ืœ ื™ื ืชืง.

ื”ื—ื•ื˜ ื”ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ
ืื•ืชื• ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืืจืฅ ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื’ื ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืจืื” ืœื”ืœืŸ, ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื—ืœืงื™ ื”ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ ืื™ื ื ืฉืœืžื™ื ืžื‘ืœืขื“ื™ ื”ืื—ืจื™ื. ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื ืžื’ืœื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื›ื•ื—ื ืžื‘ืœืขื“ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ, ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœื ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ื‘ืฉืœืžื•ืชื” ืœื ื‘ืืจืฅ, ื•ืืฃ ื”ืืจืฅ ืื™ื ื” ืคื•ืจื—ืช ื›ืจืื•ื™ ืœืœื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ืชื•ืจื”.

ืื™ืŸ ืขื ื‘ืœื ืืจืฅ
ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืื“ื ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ืžืงื•ื ืฉืœ ืงื‘ืข ื‘ื• ืžืกื“ืจ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื• ื•ืžืฉื ื™ื•ื ืง ื›ื— ืœื”ืžืฉืš ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื›ืฉืจื•ื ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืชื™ื• ืœืคื•ืขืœ. ื•ื›ืš ื”ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–"ืœ ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ื™ื‘ืžื•ืช (ืกื’, ื):
ื•ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืืœืขื–ืจ: ื›ืœ ืื“ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืงืจืงืข ืื™ื ื• ืื“ื, ืฉื ื': ื”ืฉืžื™ื ืฉืžื™ื ืœื”' ื•ื”ืืจืฅ ื ืชืŸ ืœื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื.
ืื—ื“ ื”ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื•ืžื” ื‘ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื, ื”ื•ื ืžืงื•ื ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืชื”. ื”ืžื™ืงื•ื ื”ื’ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืขืžื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืžืฉืคื™ืข ื’ื ืขืœ ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืจื™ื ื‘ื”. ืื—ืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื”ืขืชื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœ ื™ื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ื—ืœืคืช ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืŸ. ื›ืš ืขืฉื” ืกื ื—ืจื™ื‘ ืฉื‘ืœื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช ื•ื›ืš ืขืฉื• ืขื•ื“ ืื—ืจื™ื•. ื™ืฉื ืŸ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื•ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื• ืฉื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื–ืจื™ื ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืชืœื™ืฉื•ืช ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ืœื”ืชืžื–ื’ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื›ืจืื•ื™.
ืืš ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืžืœื‘ื“ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ื™ื-ื˜ื›ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื”, ื™ืฉื ื” ื’ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืžื”ื•ืชื™ืช ืœื”ืžืฆืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ื‘ืืจืฆื•.
ืžื’ืžืชื• ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ ื•ืœื”ื•ืคื™ืข ืื•ืชื•. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœืžื™ื, ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื™ื, ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ื•ืืฃ ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ืœืื•ืจ ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ืช. ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืฆื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื–ืฆ"ืœ, ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื 'ื–ื•ื›ืจื™ ืืœื•ืงื™ื' 1 . ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ืขื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืžืžืฉ ืืช ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื• ื‘ืจื ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืžืงื•ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉืจืง ื‘ื• ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ืฆืื• ืœืคื•ืขืœ ื›ืจืื•ื™.

ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืœื ื”ืืจืฅ
ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืžืžืฉ ืืช ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื ื”ืžืœื ืฉืœื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ื›ืš ื”ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ 2 :

ื’ื•ื™ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืืจืฅ, ื•ื“ืื™ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ื ื’ื•ื™ ืื—ื“ ืขืžื” ืืงืจื•ืŸ ืื—ื“ ื•ืœื ืื™ื ื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื—ื•ื“ื™ื™ื”ื• ื“ื”ื ื•ืžื™ ื›ืขืžืš ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื’ื•ื™ ืื—ื“ ืกื’ื™ ืœื™ื” ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืืงืจื•ืŸ ืื—ื“ ืืœื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื‘ื–ื•ื•ื’ื ื“ื”ืื™ ืืจืฅ.
ื‘ืกื•ื“ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื™ื ื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ, ืืš ื‘ืคืฉื˜ื ื™ืฉ ืืžื™ืจื” ืžืื“ ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ืช. ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื™ื ื• ืขื ื›ืืฉืจ ืื™ื ื• ื‘ืืจืฅ.
ื™ืกื•ื“ ื–ื” ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื›ื•ื–ืจื™ (ืžืืžืจ ื‘, ื™ื‘):
...ื•ื”ืžืขืœื” ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืœืขื ืฉื”ื•ื ืกื’ื•ืœื” ื•ืœื‘ ื›ืืฉืจ ื–ื›ืจืชื™, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœืืจืฅ ืขื–ืจ ื‘ื–ื” ืขื ื”ืžืขืฉื™ื ื•ื”ืชื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื” ืืฉืจ ื”ื ื›ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœื›ืจื, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืœืกื’ื•ืœื” ื”ื–ืืช ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœ ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืืœื”ื™ ื‘ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ื–ื”, ื›ืืฉืจ ืœื ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื™ืฆืœื™ื— ื”ื›ืจื ื‘ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ ื”ื”ืจ ื”ื–ื”.
ื›ืฉื ืฉื™ืฉ ืืงืœื™ื ืžืžืฉื™ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ืื•ื™ืจ, ืœื—ื•ืช, ืจื•ื—ื•ืช, ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื•ืขื•ื“ ืชื ืื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื”ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ืฉื™ืจ ืขืœ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื•ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ืืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืœืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื; ื›ืš ื™ืฉื ื• ืืงืœื™ื ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื”ืžืืคืฉืจ ืฆืžื™ื—ืช ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช, ืงื“ื•ืฉื”, ื”ืชืขืฆืžื•ืช ื•ื”ืขืžืงื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ื‘ืจื‘ืฉ"ืข. ื”ืืงืœื™ื ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื”ืžืชืื™ื ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืฆื•ื™ ืืš ืจืง ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืœื ื”ืืจืฅ
ืืžื ื, ืœื ืจืง ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื™ื ื ื‘ืจื•ื ืžืขืœืชื ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื ื‘ื’ืœื•ืช ื›ื™ ืื ื’ื ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืขืฆืžื”. ืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืžื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื’ืฉืžื™ ื•ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื” ืื™ื ื• ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ, ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืื™ื ื• ื‘ืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืชื• ื•ืชืคืืจืชื• ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืืจืฅ.
ื•ื›ืš ืืžืจื• ื—ื–"ืœ (ื—ื’ื™ื’ื” ื”, ื‘):
ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื’ืœื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืžืงื•ืžืŸ - ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืชื•ืจื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื–ื”.
ื•ืขื•ื“ ืืžืจื• (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืจื‘ื” ื˜ื–, ื“):
ื•ื–ื”ื‘ ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื”ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘, ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืชื•ืจืช ื"ื™ ื•ืœื ื—ื›ืžื” ื›ื—ื›ืžืช ื"ื™.
ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืฉื‘ื— ืช"ื— ืฉื‘ืืจืฅ ื“ื‘ืจื• ื—ื–"ืœ (ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ื›ื“, ื; ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ืขื”, ื). ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื• ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืืฃ ื”ืœื›ื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ื•ื›ืš ื”ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื (ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืž"ืข ืงื ื’):

ื•ื‘ื›ืืŸ ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืื“ ืžืฉืจืฉื™ ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ืœื ื™ื“ืขื”ื• ื•ืœื ื™ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื• ืืœื ืžื™ ืฉื“ืขืชื• ืขืžื•ืงื”...ืื™ืœื• ืื™ืคืฉืจ ื“ืจืš ืžืฉืœ ืฉื‘ื ื™ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ืขื“ืจื• ืžืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื—ืœื™ืœื” ืœืืœ ืžืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืœื ื™ืžื—ื” ืื•ืชื•ืช ื”ืื•ืžื” ืžื›ืœ ื•ื›ืœ, ื•ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฉื ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื—ื•ืฆื” ืœืืจืฅ ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉื ืกืžืš ื‘ืืจืฅ, ื”ื ื” ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื ื• ื–ื” ืœื ื™ื•ืขื™ืœื ื• ืื– ื›ืœื•ื ื‘ืฉื•ื ืคื ื™ื...

ื”ืืจืฅ ื‘ืœื ื™ืฉืจืืœ
ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืžืืžืจ ื“ื™ืžื™ื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืืจืฆื ื›ืงืฉืจ ืื™ืฉ ื•ืืฉื”, ื‘ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื™ืฉ ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ืช ืืœื•ืงื™ืช, ืฉื™ื“ื•ืš ืžืืช ืจื‘ืฉ"ืข. ืื•ืชื• ืจื‘ื™ ืืœืขื–ืจ, ืฉืจืื™ื ื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืื•ื“ื•ืช ืื“ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืงืจืงืข ืฉืื™ื ื• ืื“ื, ืืžืจ ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื—ื™ื™ ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกืžื™ื (ื™ื‘ืžื•ืช ืกื’, ื):
ื›ืœ ืื“ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืืฉื” ืื™ื ื• ืื“ื, ืฉื ืืžืจ: ื–ื›ืจ ื•ื ืงื‘ื” ื‘ืจืื... ื•ื™ืงืจื ืืช ืฉืžื ืื“ื.
ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืžื™ื“ื” ืฉื ืืžืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืื™ืฉ ื™ืฉ ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ืคื•ืš ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืื™ืฉื”. ืืฉื” ืœืœื ืื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื” ืื“ื. ื•ืืฃ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ: ืืจืฅ ืœืœื ืื“ื ืœืขื‘ื“ึทื”ึผ ื”ื™ื ืžื—ื•ืกืจืช ืชื›ืœื™ืช. ื›ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืคืกื•ืง (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื‘, ื”):
ื•ึฐื›ึนืœ ืฉื‚ึดื™ื—ึท ื”ึทืฉึผื‚ึธื“ึถื” ื˜ึถืจึถื ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ื‘ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ืขึตืฉื‚ึถื‘ ื”ึทืฉึผื‚ึธื“ึถื” ื˜ึถืจึถื ื™ึดืฆึฐืžึธื— ื›ึผึดื™ ืœึนื ื”ึดืžึฐื˜ึดื™ืจ ื”' ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ืขึทืœ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื•ึฐืึธื“ึธื ืึทื™ึดืŸ ืœึทืขึฒื‘ึนื“ ืึถืช ื”ึธืึฒื“ึธืžึธื”:
ื•ื›ืš ื ืจืื” ืœื•ืžืจ ื’ื ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืชื ื•, ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืœื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืœื™ื” ืื™ื ื” ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ืืžืช. ืจื•ืื™ื ื–ืืช ื‘ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื›ื•, ืœื‘):
ื•ึทื”ึฒืฉืึดืžึผึนืชึดื™ ืึฒื ึดื™ ืึถืช ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื•ึฐืฉืึธืžึฐืžื•ึผ ืขึธืœึถื™ื”ึธ ืึนื™ึฐื‘ึตื™ื›ึถื ื”ึทื™ึผึนืฉืึฐื‘ึดื™ื ื‘ึผึธื”ึผ:
ื•ื›ืš ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ื›ื—ื”:
ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื” ืฉืืžืจ ื‘ื›ืืŸ ื•ืฉืžืžื• ืขืœื™ื” ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื›ื, ื”ื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ืจื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืžื‘ืฉืจืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื’ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืื™ืŸ ืืจืฆื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœืช ืืช ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ื•, ื•ื’ื ื–ื• ืจืื™ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืœื ื•, ื›ื™ ืœื ืชืžืฆื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืืจืฅ ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ืจื—ื‘ื” ื•ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ืชื” ื ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืžืขื•ืœื ื•ื”ื™ื ื—ืจื‘ื” ื›ืžื•ื”, ื›ื™ ืžืื– ื™ืฆืื ื• ืžืžื ื” ืœื ืงื‘ืœื” ืื•ืžื” ื•ืœืฉื•ืŸ, ื•ื›ื•ืœื ืžืฉืชื“ืœื™ื ืœื”ื•ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœืืœ ื™ื“ื:
ื•ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื˜ื‘ืข, ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœืืจืฆื ื”ืจื™ ื”ืืจืฅ ืคื•ืจื—ืช, ื•ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื™ ืื‘ื (ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืฆื—, ื):
ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ืงืฅ ืžื’ื•ืœื” ืžื–ื”, ืฉื ืืžืจ ื•ืืชื ื”ืจื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื ืคื›ื ืชืชื ื• ื•ืคืจื™ื›ื ืชืฉืื• ืœืขืžื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ื™ ืงืจื‘ื• ืœื‘ื•ื.
ื•ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืจืฉ"ื™ (ื“"ื” ืžื’ื•ืœื”): ืžื’ื•ืœื” ืžื–ื” - ื›ืฉืชืชืŸ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืคืจื™ื” ื‘ืขื™ืŸ ื™ืคื” ืื– ื™ืงืจื‘ ื”ืงืฅ, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ืงืฅ ืžื’ื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ื”ืกื‘ืจื” ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช
ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื• ืขื“ ื›ื” ืื™ืŸ ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืจืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ ืžื“ื•ืข ื›ืš ื”ื ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื•ื‘ืžื” ืฉื•ื ื” ื”ืืจืฅ ืขืฆืžื”. ื•ื‘ืืžืช, ืžืœืžื“ื ื• ืžืจืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืฆ"ืœ ืฉื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืืจืฆื ื”ื•ื ื›ื” ืขืžื•ืง ืขื“ ืฉืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืกื‘ืจื” ืจื’ื™ืœื” ืืœื ืžื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ืช ื”ื”ืกื‘ืจื” ืœื‘ื ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืฉืœ ื™ื ื™ืงื” ืžืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”.
ื•ื›ืš ื›ื•ืชื‘ (ืื•ืจื•ืช ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื):

ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืฉืœ ืกื’ื•ืœืช ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืœืคื•ืขืœ ืืช ืขื•ืžืง ื—ื‘ืชื”, ื‘ืฉื•ื ื”ืฉื›ืœื” ืจืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ืช ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ื›ื™ ืื ื‘ื“ื•ื— ื“' ืืฉืจ ืขืœ ื”ืื•ืžื” ื‘ื›ืœืœื”, ื‘ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื” ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืืฉืจ ื‘ื ืฉืžืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

ืขืœ ืืฃ, ื•ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืงื•ืฉื™ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื™ืฉ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื•ืœื”ืขืžื™ืง ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ืขืจื›ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ืœื—ื™ื™ ื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ื‘ื”'. ื‘ื”ื‘ื ืช ืขืจื›ื” ื ืฉืžื— ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืชื” ื•ื‘ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ื‘ื›ืš ื ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืฉื ืฉืžื™ื ื•ื ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ืฉืœื™ืžื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื”'.
ื•ื›ืš ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืกืคืจ ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื (ืœ"ืช ืค"ื‘):

ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ื‘ืžื ื™ืŸ ืชืจื™"ื’ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ืœ ืขืช ื•ืจื’ืข ืฉื”ืื“ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื ืžืงื™ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื–ื• ื•ื™ื“ื•ืข ืฉืขื™ืงืจ ืฉื›ืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื” ื›ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืชื—ืช ืืฉืจ ืœื ืขื‘ื“ืช ืืช ื”' ืืœื•ืงื™ืš ื‘ืฉืžื—ื” ืื ื›ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ื‘ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืžื— ืชื“ื™ืจ ื‘ืžืฆื•ืชื• ื”ืชื“ื™ืจื” ื‘ืื”ื‘ืชื• ืื•ืชื” ื•ื’ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ืจื ื•ื—ืจื“ ื•ื›ื•'.




^ 1.ืจืื” ืœื ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืืžืจ 'ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช'
^ 2.ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื›ืจืš ื’ (ื•ื™ืงืจื) ืคืจืฉืช ืืžื•ืจ ืฆื’, ื‘.
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il