ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืคืจืฉืช ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื•ืชื "ืš
  • ื—ื•ืžืฉ ืฉืžื•ืช
  • ืคืงื•ื“ื™
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
  • ืžื“ื•ืจื™ื
  • ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ื™ืš
  • ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ืš - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•
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14 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื” โ€ข 61 ื“ืง' ืฆืคื™ื”
ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”

ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืœืขื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืฉืžืช

ืฉืœืžื” ื‘ืŸ ื™ืขืงื‘

ืžื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื–ื›ืจ ืœืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ
ื”ึดืงึฐื“ึผึดื™ื ืฉืึดืงึฐืœึตื™ื”ึถื ืœึฐืฉืึดืงึฐืœึตื™ ื”ึธืžึธืŸ
ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ื ืงื•ื“ื ื”ืชืจื•ืžื”
ื”ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ืฉืงืœื™ื ืื•ืžืจืช: "ื‘ึผึฐืึถื—ึธื“ ื‘ึผึทืึฒื“ึธืจ ืžึทืฉืึฐืžึดื™ืขึดื™ืŸ ืขึทืœ ื”ึทืฉึผืึฐืงึธืœึดื™ื", ื•ื–ืืช ืขืœ ืกืžืš ื”ืคืกื•ืง (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื— ื™ื“) ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืขืœ ืงืจื‘ืŸ ื”ืชืžื™ื“: "ื–ึนืืช ืขึนืœึทืช ื—ึนื“ึถืฉื ื‘ึผึฐื—ึธื“ึฐืฉืื•ึน ืœึฐื—ึธื“ึฐืฉืึตื™ ื”ึทืฉึผืึธื ึธื”". ืœื•ืžื“ืช ืžื›ืืŸ ื”ื’ืžืจื ืฉื”ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ืœื”ืคืขืœืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื™ื”ื™ื• ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืžื”ืชืจื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื” ื’ื ืื ื™ืฉ ื“ื™ ื›ืกืฃ ื‘ืงื•ืคืช ื”ืœืฉื›ื”. ื”ืชืจื•ืžื” ื”ื–ืืช ื ืขืฉื™ืช ื‘ืจืืฉ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื ื™ืกืŸ, ื•ืžื›ืจื™ื–ื™ื ืขืœื™ื” ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ื ืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืŸ, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื—ื’. ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ื ื–ื” ืœื ืžื“ื™ ืจื—ื•ืง ื•ืœื ืžื“ื™ ืงืจื•ื‘, ื›ืš ืฉืื“ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืฉืงืœื™ื ืฉื™ื™ื ืชื ื• ืœื’ื–ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืกืคื™ืงื• ืœืชืช ืื•ืชื ืœืฉืœื•ื—ื™ื ืฉื™ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ืœืจืืฉ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื ื™ืกืŸ.

ืชื•ืจืžื™ื ืืฃ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช
ื•ื‘ื’ืžืจื (ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื™ื’ ืข"ื‘): "ืึธืžึทืจ ืจึตื™ืฉื ืœึธืงึดื™ืฉื, ื’ึผึธืœื•ึผื™ ื•ึฐื™ึธื“ื•ึผืขึท ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ืžึดื™ ืฉืึถืึธืžึทืจ ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ื”ึธืขื•ึนืœึธื, ืฉืึถืขึธืชึดื™ื“ ื”ึธืžึธืŸ ื”ึธืจึธืฉืึธืข ืœึดืฉืึฐืงึนืœ ืฉืึฐืงึธืœึดื™ื ืขึทืœ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ, ืœึฐืคึดื™ื›ึธืšึฐ ื”ึดืงึฐื“ึผึดื™ื ืฉืึดืงึฐืœึตื™ื”ึถื ืœึฐืฉืึดืงึฐืœึตื™ ื”ึธืžึธืŸ. ื•ึฐื”ึทื™ึฐื™ื ื•ึผ ื“ึดืชึฐื ึธืŸ, ื‘ึผึฐืึถื—ึธื“ ื‘ึผึทืึฒื“ึธืจ ืžึทืฉืึฐืžึดื™ืขึดื™ืŸ ืขึทืœ ื”ึทืฉึผืึฐืงึธืœึดื™ื ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ื”ึทื›ึผึดืœึฐืึทื™ึดื". ื•ื”ืงืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื ืชืŸ ืื™ื™ื‘ืฉื™ืฅ ื‘ืกืคืจ "ื™ืขืจื•ืช ื“ื‘ืฉ" (ื—ืœืง ืฉื ื™ - ื“ืจื•ืฉ ื—), ื”ืจื™ ื‘ืคืจืฉืช "ืคืงื•ื“ื™" ืื ื—ื ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ื›ื™ 600,000 ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื ื™ื‘ื• 100 ื›ื™ื›ืจ ื›ืกืฃ. ืื ื ื—ืฉื™ื‘ ืืช ืžื” ืฉื ืชื ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื”ืจื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ื ืชื ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื•ืื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืช ืฉื ื™, ื”ืจื™ ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืื—ืฉื•ื•ืจื•ืฉ ืœื ืขืžื“ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื”ืคืจื™ืฉ ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ, ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืžืฉื ื” (ืฉืงืœื™ื ืค"ื” ืž"ื—) "ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฉืงืœื™ื".
ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื• ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืจ' ื™ื”ื•ื ืชืŸ ืื™ื™ื‘ืฉื™ืฅ ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืžื•ืคืœื ืฉืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืชื—ืœืช ื™ืกื•ื“ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ. ืฉื ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื›ื•ืจืฉ ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื™ื™ืกื“ ืืช ื”ื”ื™ื›ืœ: "ื•ึฐื™ึดืกึผึฐื“ื•ึผ ื”ึทื‘ึผึนื ึดื™ื ืึถืช ื”ึตื™ื›ึทืœ ื”' ื•ึทื™ึผึทืขึฒืžึดื™ื“ื•ึผ ื”ึทื›ึผึนื”ึฒื ึดื™ื ืžึฐืœึปื‘ึผึธืฉืึดื™ื ื‘ึผึทื—ึฒืฆึนืฆึฐืจื•ึนืช ื•ึฐื”ึทืœึฐื•ึดื™ึผึดื ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ืึธืกึธืฃ ื‘ึผึทืžึฐืฆึดืœึฐืชึผึทื™ึดื ืœึฐื”ึทืœึผึตืœ ืึถืช ื”' ืขึทืœ ื™ึฐื“ึตื™ ื“ึผึธื•ึดื™ื“ ืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ" (ืขื–ืจื ื’). ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืฉืžื—ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ืื‘ืœ ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื‘ื›ื• ื”ื–ืงื ื™ื: "ื•ึฐืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ื ืžึตื”ึทื›ึผึนื”ึฒื ึดื™ื ื•ึฐื”ึทืœึฐื•ึดื™ึผึดื ื•ึฐืจึธืืฉืึตื™ ื”ึธืึธื‘ื•ึนืช ื”ึทื–ึผึฐืงึตื ึดื™ื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืจึธืื•ึผ ืึถืช ื”ึทื‘ึผึทื™ึดืช ื”ึธืจึดืืฉืื•ึนืŸ ื‘ึผึฐื™ึธืกึฐื“ื•ึน ื–ึถื” ื”ึทื‘ึผึทื™ึดืช ื‘ึผึฐืขึตื™ื ึตื™ื”ึถื ื‘ึผึนื›ึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐืงื•ึนืœ ื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ". ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉื ื‘ื ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืกืคื™ืง ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื”ื. "ื•ึฐื”ึทืงึผื•ึนืœ ื ึดืฉืึฐืžึทืข ืขึทื“ ืœึฐืžึตืจึธื—ื•ึนืง".
ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœืฉื” ื”ื–ืืช ื”ืจื™ืžื• ื”ืžืฉื˜ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ืจืืฉื: "ื•ึฐืกึนื›ึฐืจึดื™ื ืขึฒืœึตื™ื”ึถื ื™ื•ึนืขึฒืฆึดื™ื ืœึฐื”ึธืคึตืจ ืขึฒืฆึธืชึธื ื›ึธึผืœ ื™ึฐืžึตื™ ื›ึผื•ึนืจึถืฉื ืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ืคึธึผืจึทืก ื•ึฐืขึทื“ ืžึทืœึฐื›ื•ึผืช ื“ึธึผืจึฐื™ึธื•ึถืฉื ืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ืคึธึผืจึธืก; ื•ึผื‘ึฐืžึทืœึฐื›ื•ึผืช ืึฒื—ึทืฉึฐืื•ึตืจื•ึนืฉื ื‘ึดึผืชึฐื—ึดืœึทึผืช ืžึทืœึฐื›ื•ึผืชื•ึน ื›ึธึผืชึฐื‘ื•ึผ ืฉึดื‚ื˜ึฐื ึธื” ืขึทืœ ื™ึนืฉึฐืื‘ึตื™ ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธื” ื•ึดื™ืจื•ึผืฉึธืืœึธึดึทื". ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื›ื•ืจืฉ ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื‘ื• ื•ืขื•ืฆืจ ืืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ. ืืขืค"ื›, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื”ื™ื›ืœ ื˜ืจื ื ื‘ื ื”, ื”ื™ื• ืžืงืจื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื–ืžื ื• ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช. ื“ืชื ืŸ (ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื™ ืข"ื) "ืžืงืจื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืฃ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช". ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืชืจืžื• ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืงืœื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขืช ื”ื”ื™ื.

ื•ึผื‘ึฐืžึทืœึฐื›ื•ึผืช ืึฒื—ึทืฉืึฐื•ึตืจื•ึนืฉื ื›ึผึธืชึฐื‘ื•ึผ ืฉื‚ึดื˜ึฐื ึธื” ืขึทืœ ื™ึนืฉืึฐื‘ึตื™ ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธื” ื•ึดื™ืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึธึดื
ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื ืžืœื›ื• ื›ื•ืจืฉ ื•ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ืฉ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ. ืื—ืจื™ื”ื ืขื•ืœื” ืœืžืœื•ื›ื” ืื—ืฉื•ื•ืจื•ืฉ, ืฉื”ื™ื” ืขื•ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืžืื•ื“, ื•ื”ืฉื›ื ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ืื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื—ื–ืจื• ื•ื›ืชื‘ื• ืœื• ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื˜ื ื”. "ื•ึผื‘ึฐืžึทืœึฐื›ื•ึผืช ืึฒื—ึทืฉืึฐื•ึตืจื•ึนืฉื ื‘ึผึดืชึฐื—ึดืœึผึทืช ืžึทืœึฐื›ื•ึผืชื•ึน ื›ึผึธืชึฐื‘ื•ึผ ืฉื‚ึดื˜ึฐื ึธื” ืขึทืœ ื™ึนืฉืึฐื‘ึตื™ ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธื” ื•ึดื™ืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึธึดื". ื”ืฉื˜ื ื” ื”ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื›ื•ืจืฉ, ืฉืขืฆืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื”, ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื” ื’ื ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™.
ื›ืš ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื ืชืŸ ืื™ื™ื‘ืฉื™ืฅ ืฉื: "ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ืื—ืฉื•ืจื•ืฉ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืžืœื›ื•ืชื• ื‘ื™ื˜ืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ืŸ, ื”ื™ื• ืจืฉืื™ื ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืžืœืคืจื•ืฉ ืฉืงืœื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืฉืงืœื™ื”ื, ื›ื“ืžืฉืžืข ื–ื” ืžื”ื’ืžืจื, ื›ื™ ื—ื™ื›ื• ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืฉืชืชื‘ื˜ืœ ื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ื•ื™ื”ื™ื• ืฉืงืœื™ื ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”', ื•ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ืœื›ืคืจื”, ื›ื™ ืžื–ื” ื ืจืื” ืฉืžื—ื›ื™ื ืœื™ืฉื•ืขืช ื”' ื›ื™ ืชื‘ื•ื ื•ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ื–ืžื ื” ื”ื•ื". ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื”ืชืจื•ืžื” ื”ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื™ืงืจื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”' ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ, ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื’ืœื” ื›ืžื” ื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื•ืœื ืžืชื™ื™ืืฉื™ื ืžืžื ื•. ื•ื–ื• ื›ืคืจื” ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื›ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืงืžืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช, ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืื™ื ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื•ืื™ื ื ืฉืžื—ื™ื ื‘ื•.

ื›ื™ื›ืจ ืฉืœ ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื›ืคื•ืœ ื”ื™ื”
ื›ืืŸ ืžื—ืฉื‘ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื ืชืŸ ืื™ื™ื‘ืฉื™ืฅ ื›ืžื” ืชืจืžื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœืช ื™ืžื™ ืื—ืฉื•ื•ืจื•ืฉ ืขื“ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ื’ื–ื™ืจืช ื”ืžืŸ, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืฆื ื›ื™ 600,000 ื—ืฆืื™ ืฉืงืœื™ื ืฉืชื•ืจืžื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ืฉื•ื•ื™ื 100 ื›ื™ื›ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืงื“ืฉ. ื›ืœ ื›ื™ื›ืจ ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื”ื•ื ื›ื™ื›ืจ ื›ืคื•ืœ, ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืจืฉ"ื™ ื•ื‘ื’ืžืจื. ืื ื›ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ 200 ื›ื™ื›ืจ ื›ืกืฃ ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืžื”ืกื•ื’ ืฉืฉื™ืœื ื”ืžืŸ. ื‘ืžืฉื ื” ืฉืงืœื™ื ืœืžื“ื ื• ื›ื™ "ืฉืึถื›ึผึฐืฉืึถืขึธืœื•ึผ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืžึดืŸ ื”ึทื’ึผื•ึนืœึธื” ื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ืฉืื•ึนืงึฐืœึดื™ื ื“ึผึทืจึฐื›ึผื•ึนื ื•ึนืช" (ืค"ื‘ ืž"ื“), ืฉื”ื•ื ืคื™ ืืจื‘ืขื” ืžืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืชืช. ืœืคื™ ื–ื” ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ืชื ื• ื‘ืฉื ื” ืื—ืช 800 ื›ื™ื›ืจ ื›ืกืฃ. "ื•ื”ืชืžื™ื“ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื–ื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœืช ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืื—ืฉื•ืจื•ืฉ ืขื“ ืฉื ืช ื™"ื’ ืœืžืœื›ื•ืชื•, ืฉืื– ื’ื–ืจ ื”ืžืŸ".

ื”ืงื“ื™ืžื• ืฉืงืœื™ื”ื ืœืฉืงืœื™ื•
ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื ื™ืกืŸ ื‘ืฉื ืช 12 ืœืžืœื›ื•ืช ืื—ืฉื•ื•ืจื•ืฉ ื ื’ื–ืจื” ื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืœื”ืฉืžื™ื“ ืืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ื“ 11 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื, ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืื“ืจ ื‘ืฉื ืช 13 ืœืžืœืš ืื—ืฉื•ื•ืจื•ืฉ. ื‘ืžืฉืš 12 ืฉื ื™ื ื ืชื ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ 9,600 ื›ื™ื›ืจ ื›ืกืฃ, ืฉื”ื 400 ื›ื™ื›ืจื•ืช ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืžื” ืฉื ืชืŸ ื”ืžืŸ. ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืžื›ืจื™ื–ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉืงืœื™ื ื‘ื' ื‘ืื“ืจ, ืชืจืžื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื’ื ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ื™"ื’, ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื”, 800 ื›ื™ื›ืจื•ืช ื›ืกืฃ. ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ืฉืงืœื™ื”ื ืžื•ืงื“ื, ื‘ื' ื‘ืื“ืจ, ื”ืจื™ ื›ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืขืช ื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื ืชื ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ 10,400 ื›ื™ื›ืจื•ืช ื›ืกืฃ, 400 ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืžืŸ, ื•ื ื™ืฆื—ื•ื”ื•. ื•ืขืœ ื–ื” ื ืืžืจ " ื”ึดืงึฐื“ึผึดื™ื ืฉืึดืงึฐืœึตื™ื”ึถื ืœึฐืฉืึดืงึฐืœึตื™ ื”ึธืžึธืŸ " (ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ื‘"ืงืจืŸ ื™ืฉื•ืขื”" ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ื—ื™ ื–ื™ืข"ื).

ืžื˜ื‘ืข ืฉืœ ืืฉ ืžืชื—ืช ื›ื™ืกื ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“
ื•ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืคืœื ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื›ื•ื— ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ ืœื ืฆื— ืืช ื”ืžืŸ. ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื ืืžืจ ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ "ื"ืจ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืจ ืกื™ืžื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื ืจ' ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ: ื’' ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืžืข ืžืฉื” ืžืŸ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื•ื”ืจืชื™ืข ืœืื—ื•ืจื™ื•. ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืืžืจ ืœื• 'ื•ื ืชื ื• ืื™ืฉ ื›ื•ืคืจ ื ืคืฉื•' ืืžืจ ืžืฉื” ืžื™ ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื™ืชืŸ ื›ื•ืคืจ ื ืคืฉื•? ื•ื›ื•' ืืžืจ ืœื• ื”ืงื‘"ื”: ืื™ื ื™ ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืœืคื™ ื›ื—ื™ ืืœื ืœืคื™ ื›ื—ืŸ ื–ื” ื™ืชื ื•. ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืžืื™ืจ ื ื˜ืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื›ืžื™ืŸ ืžื˜ื‘ืข ืฉืœ ืืฉ ืžืชื—ืช ื›ืกื ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื•ื”ืจืื” ืœื• ืœืžืฉื” 'ื–ื” ื™ืชื ื•' ื›ื–ื” ื™ืชื ื• " (ืžื“ืจืฉ ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืคืจืฉื” ื™ื‘ ืคืกืงื” ื’).
ื›ื•ืคืจ ื”ื ืคืฉ ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืžืฉื” ื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ื—ื˜ื ื”ืขื’ืœ. ืฉืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ ืžื›ืคืจืช ืขืœื™ื•. ื›ืš ื ืืžืจ ื‘ืคืกื•ืง: "ื•ึฐืœึธืงึทื—ึฐืชึผึธ ืึถืช ื›ึผึถืกึถืฃ ื”ึทื›ึผึดืคึผึปืจึดื™ื ืžึตืึตืช ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื•ึฐื ึธืชึทืชึผึธ ืึนืชื•ึน ืขึทืœ ืขึฒื‘ึนื“ึทืช ืึนื”ึถืœ ืžื•ึนืขึตื“ ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ืœึดื‘ึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืœึฐื–ึดื›ึผึธืจื•ึนืŸ ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ื”' ืœึฐื›ึทืคึผึตืจ ืขึทืœ ื ึทืคึฐืฉืึนืชึตื™ื›ึถื" (ืฉืžื•ืช ืœ ื˜ื–). ื•ื‘ื’ืžืจื (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืฉืงืœื™ื ื˜ ืข"ื‘) ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื• ืฉืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื›ืคืจ ื’ื ืขืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื”. ืืคื™ืœื• ืขืœ ื—ื˜ื ื”ืขื’ืœ. "ืœืคื™ ืฉื—ื˜ืื• ื‘ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ืชื ื• ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ". ื•ืขืœ ื–ื” ื”ืชืคืœื ืžืฉื” ืื™ืš ื™ืฉ ื›ื•ื— ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ ืœื›ืคืจ ืขืœ ืขื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื’ืœ. ื›ื•ื— ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ ืžืชื’ืœื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื•ืืกืชืจ ื‘ื™ืชืจ ืฉืืช ื•ื‘ื™ืชืจ ืขื•ื–. ื›ื™ ืืข"ืค ืฉื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ ืฉืœื”ื ืœื ื ื™ืชื ื” ืœืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืื• ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ โ€“ ื ื™ืฆืœื• ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืชื” ืžื’ื–ืจืช ื”ืžืŸ.

ืžื˜ื‘ืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืขืœื”
ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืœืžืฉื” ืฉืžื˜ื‘ืขื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืœื ืจืง ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืืจืฆื™. ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ืžื˜ื‘ืขื•ืช ืฉืชื•ืจืžื™ื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ ื™ืฉ ืžื˜ื‘ืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืฉ ืžืชื—ืช ื›ื™ืกื ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“. ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื‘ืฉืžื™ื ื™ืฉ ืœื ืจืง ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ืžืงื“ืฉ, ืืœื ื’ื ืžื˜ื‘ืขื•ืช. ื›ืš ืœืžื“ื ื• ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืฉืžื™ื ื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื ืฉืžืงืจื™ื‘ื™ื ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื•ืžืขืœื™ื ืืฉ ืขืœ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื—, ืขืœื™ื”ื ืื ื• ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื: "ื•ืื™ืฉื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชืคื™ืœืชื ืžื”ืจื” ื‘ืื”ื‘ื” ืชืงื‘ืœ ื‘ืจืฆื•ืŸ".
ื‘ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืœืžื“ื ื• ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืฉืžื™ื ื’ื ื ื™ื’ื•ื ื™ื. ื›ืš ืื•ืžืจ ื“ื•ื“: "ื”ึทืœึฐืœื•ึผื”ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึดืจึฐืงึดื™ืขึท ืขึปื–ึผื•ึน", ื•ื”ื ื™ื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื‘ึผึฐืชึตืงึทืข ืฉืื•ึนืคึธืจ ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื‘ึถืœ ื•ึฐื›ึดื ึผื•ึนืจ ื‘ึผึฐืชึนืฃ ื•ึผืžึธื—ื•ึนืœ ื‘ึผึฐืžึดื ึผึดื™ื ื•ึฐืขึปื’ึธื‘. ืืช ื”ื ื™ื’ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืฉืžืข ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ื•ื™ืจื“ ื•ืœื™ืžื“ ืืช ื”ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืœื ื’ืŸ, ื›ืขื™ืŸ ื”ื ื™ื’ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืขืœื”. ื›ืš ืœื™ืžื“ ื”' ืืช ืžืฉื” ืฉื’ื ื‘ืฉืžื™ื ื™ืฉ ืžื˜ื‘ืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ, ืฉื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืžื”ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช, ื”ื ืžืขื™ืŸ ืžื˜ื‘ืข ืฉืœ ืžืขืœื”, ื•ื›ืฉื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื˜ื‘ืข ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”, ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœืžื˜ื‘ืข ืฉืœ ืžืขืœื” ืฉืคื•ืขืœ ื™ืฉื•ืขื•ืช ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื”ืืจืฅ.

ืืฉ, ืฉืžื—ื” ื•ื”ืชืœื”ื‘ื•ืช
ืืช ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืžืจืŸ ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื–ืฆื•ืง"ืœ ื•ืืžืจ ื›ื™ ื‘ืืžืช ืื™ืŸ ืœืงื‘"ื” ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื›ืกืฃ ื•ื‘ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช. ื›ืœ ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื•ื”ื–ื”ื‘ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื ื‘ืจื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ื›ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ืขื™ื–ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ ื”'. ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ื”ื–ืืช ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืžืœืš ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืชื ื“ื‘ ืœื”ืงืžืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ "ืฉืึฐืœึนืฉืึถืช ืึฒืœึธืคึดื™ื ื›ึผึดื›ึผึฐืจึตื™ ื–ึธื”ึธื‘ ืžึดื–ึผึฐื”ึทื‘ ืื•ึนืคึดื™ืจ ื•ึฐืฉืึดื‘ึฐืขึทืช ืึฒืœึธืคึดื™ื ื›ึผึดื›ึผึทืจ ื›ึผึถืกึถืฃ ืžึฐื–ึปืงึผึธืง" (ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื ื›ื˜ ื“).
ื’ื ืชืจื•ืžืช "ืฉื‚ึธืจึตื™ ื”ึธืึธื‘ื•ึนืช ื•ึฐืฉื‚ึธืจึตื™ ืฉืึดื‘ึฐื˜ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื•ึฐืฉื‚ึธืจึตื™ ื”ึธืึฒืœึธืคึดื™ื ื•ึฐื”ึทืžึผึตืื•ึนืช ื•ึผืœึฐืฉื‚ึธืจึตื™ ืžึฐืœึถืื›ึถืช ื”ึทืžึผึถืœึถืšึฐ" ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื”ื™ื ืœื ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ืืžืช. ื”ื ืœื ื™ืฆืจื• "ื–ึธื”ึธื‘ ื›ึผึดื›ึผึธืจึดื™ื ื—ึฒืžึตืฉืึถืช ืึฒืœึธืคึดื™ื, ื•ึทืึฒื“ึทืจึฐื›ึผึนื ึดื™ื ืจึดื‘ึผื•ึน, ื•ึฐื›ึถืกึถืฃ ื›ึผึดื›ึผึธืจึดื™ื ืขึฒืฉื‚ึถืจึถืช ืึฒืœึธืคึดื™ื, ื•ึผื ึฐื—ึนืฉืึถืช ืจึดื‘ึผื•ึน ื•ึผืฉืึฐืžื•ึนื ึทืช ืึฒืœึธืคึดื™ื ื›ึผึดื›ึผึธืจึดื™ื, ื•ึผื‘ึทืจึฐื–ึถืœ ืžึตืึธื” ืึถืœึถืฃ ื›ึผึดื›ึผึธืจึดื™ื". ื”ื›ื•ืœ ื ื•ืฆืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื‘ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช. ื”ื ืจืง ืชืจืžื• ืื•ืชื•. ืœื›ืŸ ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืžืœืš ืื•ืžืจ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืžืขืžื“: "ื›ึผึดื™ ืžึดืžึผึฐืšึธ ื”ึทื›ึผึนืœ ื•ึผืžึดื™ึผึธื“ึฐืšึธ ื ึธืชึทื ึผื•ึผ ืœึธืšึฐ". ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืŸ ืื“ื ืœืชืช ื”ื•ื ืœื‘ ื˜ื”ื•ืจ ื•ืฉืžื—ื”. "ื•ึฐื™ึธื“ึทืขึฐืชึผึดื™ ืึฑืœึนื”ึทื™ ื›ึผึดื™ ืึทืชึผึธื” ื‘ึผึนื—ึตืŸ ืœึตื‘ึธื‘ ื•ึผืžึตื™ืฉืึธืจึดื™ื ืชึผึดืจึฐืฆึถื” ืึฒื ึดื™ ื‘ึผึฐื™ึนืฉืึถืจ ืœึฐื‘ึธื‘ึดื™ ื”ึดืชึฐื ึทื“ึผึทื‘ึฐืชึผึดื™ ื›ึธืœ ืึตืœึผึถื” ื•ึฐืขึทืชึผึธื” ืขึทืžึผึฐืšึธ ื”ึทื ึผึดืžึฐืฆึฐืื•ึผ ืคึนื” ืจึธืึดื™ืชึดื™ ื‘ึฐืฉื‚ึดืžึฐื—ึธื” ืœึฐื”ึดืชึฐื ึทื“ึผึถื‘ ืœึธืšึฐ" (ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื ื›ื˜ ื™ื–).
ื›ืš ื’ื ื‘ืชืจื•ืžืช ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ ืžืœืžื“ ืื•ืชื ืžืฉื” ื›ื™ ื”ืขื™ืงืจ ืฉื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืชืช ื–ื” ืืช ื”ืœื‘ ื”ืฉืœื. " ื›ึผึดื™ ื›ึธืœ ืœึฐื‘ึธื‘ื•ึนืช ื“ึผื•ึนืจึตืฉื ื”', ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ื™ึตืฆึถืจ ืžึทื—ึฒืฉืึธื‘ื•ึนืช ืžึตื‘ึดื™ืŸ" (ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื ื›ื— ื˜). ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืจืžื– ื”' ืœืžืฉื” ื‘ืžื˜ื‘ืข ืฉืœ ืืฉ. ืจืžื– ืœื• ืฉื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืชืช ืืช ื”ืžื˜ื‘ืข ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ืฉืžื—ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ื‘ืืฉ ืฉืœ ืงื“ื•ืฉื”.
โ€ƒ
ืžื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ
ื”ืขืฉื™ืจ ืœื ื™ืจื‘ื” ื•ื”ื“ืœ ืœื ื™ืžืขื™ื˜ ืžืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ
ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืื•ืžืจืช ืขืœ ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ "ื”ืขืฉื™ืจ ืœื ื™ืจื‘ื” ื•ื”ื“ืœ ืœื ื™ืžืขื™ื˜ ืžืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ", ืื•ืžืจ ื ื—ืžื™ื” (ืคืจืง ื™ ืœื’): "ื•ึฐื”ึถืขึฑืžึทื“ึฐื ื•ึผ ืขึธืœึตื™ื ื•ึผ ืžึดืฆึฐื•ึนืช ืœึธืชึตืช ืขึธืœึตื™ื ื•ึผ ืฉืึฐืœึดืฉืึดื™ืช ื”ึทืฉึผืึถืงึถืœ ื‘ึผึทืฉึผืึธื ึธื” ืœึทืขึฒื‘ึนื“ึทืช ื‘ึผึตื™ืช ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ื ื•ึผ", ื•ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืœืชื•ืกืคืช ืขืœ ื”ืชืจื•ืžื” ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื”. ื•ื‘ืžืฉื ื” ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” "ืฉืึถื›ึผึฐืฉืึถืขึธืœื•ึผ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืžึดืŸ ื”ึทื’ึผื•ึนืœึธื” ื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ืฉืื•ึนืงึฐืœึดื™ื ื“ึผึทืจึฐื›ึผื•ึนื ื•ึนืช, ื—ึธื–ึฐืจื•ึผ ืœึดืฉืึฐืงื•ึนืœ ืกึฐืœึธืขึดื™ื, ื—ึธื–ึฐืจื•ึผ ืœึดืฉืึฐืงื•ึนืœ ื˜ึฐื‘ึธืขึดื™ืŸ, ื•ึผื‘ึดืงึผึฐืฉืื•ึผ ืœึดืฉืึฐืงึนืœ ื“ึผึดื™ื ึธืจึดื™ื" (ืฉืงืœื™ื ื‘ ื“).
ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื”, ื›ืืฉืจ ื ื–ืงืงื• ืœื›ืกืฃ ืจื‘ ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™, ื”ื ืชืจืžื• ื“ึผึทืจึฐื›ึผื•ึนื ื•ึนืช, ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืฉื•ื•ื” ืฉื ื™ ืฉืงืœื™ื. ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ื‘ื ื” ื”ื™ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืงืฆืช ืคื—ื•ืช, ื—ึธื–ึฐืจื•ึผ ืœึดืฉืึฐืงื•ึนืœ ืกึฐืœึธืขึดื™ื ืฉืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืฉืงืœ ืฉืœื. ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื—ื–ืจื• ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ื›ืžื• ืฉืฆื™ื•ื•ืชื” ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ, ื—ึธื–ึฐืจื•ึผ ืœึดืฉืึฐืงื•ึนืœ ื˜ึฐื‘ึธืขึดื™ืŸ, ื•ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ืกื›ื™ืžื• ืื™ืชื. ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื•ึผื‘ึดืงึผึฐืฉืื•ึผ ืœึดืฉืึฐืงึนืœ ื“ึผึดื™ื ึธืจึดื™ื, ืฉื–ื” ืจื‘ืข ืฉืงืœ, ื•ืืžืจื• ืœื”ื ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืจื“ืช ืžืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ ืฉืฆื™ื•ื•ืชื” ื”ืชื•ืจื”.
ื•ืื™ืš ืงื™ื™ืžื• "ื”ืขืฉื™ืจ ืœื ื™ืจื‘ื” ื•ื”ื“ืœ ืœื ื™ืžืขื™ื˜"? ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื›ื•ืœื ืชืจืžื• ืื•ืชื• ื“ื‘ืจ. "ืึธืžึทืจ ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ืฉืึดืžึฐืขื•ึนืŸ, ืึทืฃ ืขึทืœ ืคึผึดื™ ื›ึตืŸ, ื™ึทื“ ื›ึผึปืœึผึธืŸ ืฉืึธื•ึธื”". ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืฉื™ืจ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื ื™ ื ืชื ื• ืื•ืชื• ื“ื‘ืจ. ืืžื ื ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ื™ื” ืงื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืชืจื•ืžื” ื”ื™ื ืชืจื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืžื”ืชื•ืจื”. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื” ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืžื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื™ืฉ ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ืฉ ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช.

ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ ืคืœื•ืก ืžืข"ืž
ื‘ืฉื ืช ืชืฉืข"ื˜ ืื ื• ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ื›-20 ืฉืงืœื™ื ืœืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ. ื•ื”ื˜ืขื ื”ื•ื ืฉืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ ื”ื™ื ืฉื ื™ ื–ื•ื–ื™ื, ืฉื”ื ืฉื ื™ ื“ื™ื ืจื™ื, ื•ืžืฉืงืœื ื”ื•ื 9.6 ื’ืจื ื›ืกืฃ ื˜ื”ื•ืจ. ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื”ื˜ื”ื•ืจ ืžืฉืชื ื” ื•ืžื•ืฆื’ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืื•ื ืงื™ื”. ืื•ื ืงื™ื” ืฉืœ ื›ืกืฃ ื”ื™ื ื‘ืช 31.5 ื’ืจื ื•ืžื—ื™ืจื” ื›ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ื–ืœ ืžืื•ื“ ื•ื”ื•ื 15 ื“ื•ืœืจ. ืœืคื™ ื–ื” ืžื—ื™ืจ 9.6 ื’ืจื ื›ืกืฃ ื”ื•ื 4.57 ื“ื•ืœืจ. ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื“ื•ืœืจ ื”ื•ื 3.64 ืฉืงืœื™ื, ื”ืจื™ ืžื—ื™ืจ ืขืฉืจื” ื’ืจื ื”ื•ื 16.6 ืฉืงืœื™ื. ืขืœ ื”ืกื›ื•ื ื”ื–ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืžืข"ืž ืฉืœ 17% ื•ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื™ื”ื™ื” 19.4 ืฉืงืœื™ื. ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื›ืกืฃ, ื™ื™ืชืŸ ืื“ื 20 ืฉืงืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ืžื™ื ื• ืฉืžื—ื™ืจื ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื”ื.

ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ ืชืจื™ ื’ื“ื™ื
ื”ื’ืžืจื (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืžื“ ืข"ื‘) ืžืฆื™ื™ื ืช ืฉื”ื™ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื ื•ืช ื’ื“ื™ ืฉืžืŸ ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื–ื•ื–, ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื ื•ืช ื’ื“ื™ ืžืฉื•ื‘ื— ืฉื‘ืžืฉื•ื‘ื—ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื–ื•ื–ื™ื, ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ืฉื™ืจ: "ื—ื“ ื’ื“ื™ื ื“ื–ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื‘ื ื‘ืชืจื™ ื–ื•ื–ื™". ืžื—ื™ืจ ื’ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื ืœืคื—ื•ืช 300 ืฉืงืœื™ื. ืœืคื™ ื–ื” ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ ื”ื™ื ืœืคื—ื•ืช 600 ืฉืงืœื™ื. ื•ื›ื ืจืื” ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื™ื™ื‘ื ื” ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, ื‘ืžื”ืจื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ื‘ืข"ื”, ืžื—ื™ืจ ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ ื™ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ ื•ืœื ื™ื™ืฉืืจ ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื•ื. ื”ื™ื•ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืžื—ื™ืจื• ืœืคื™ ืขืจืš ืžืชื›ืช ื”ื›ืกืฃ, ืฉืขืจื›ื• ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื™ืจื“ ืžืื•ื“ ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขื‘ืจ, ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžื˜ื‘ืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ืžืžื ื•.
ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœื ืžืขื“ื›ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื ืืช ืžื—ื™ืจ ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ ืœืคื™ ื›ื•ื— ื”ืงื ื™ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื ืจืง ื–ื›ืจ ืœืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ, ื•ื”ื›ืกืฃ ืœื ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืชืคืขื•ืœ ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ืื• ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื•ืฉื™ืคื•ืฆื•, ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื ืฉืืจ ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžื—ื™ืจ ืžืชื›ืช ื”ื›ืกืฃ.

ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื™ืชืŸ ืงื•ื“ื ืคื•ืจื™ื ื–ื›ืจ ืœืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ ืฉื”ื™ื• ื ื•ืชื ื™ืŸ ื‘ืื“ืจ
ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืž"ื: "ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื™ืชืŸ ืงื•ื“ื ืคื•ืจื™ื ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืžื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืงื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืžืงื•ื ื•ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ, ื–ื›ืจ ืœืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ ืฉื”ื™ื• ื ื•ืชื ื™ืŸ ื‘ืื“ืจ" (ืฉื•"ืข ืื•ืจื— ื—ื™ื™ื - ืกื™ืžืŸ ืชืจืฆื“). ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื›ืฃ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืžื ื”ื’ ืื™ื–ืžื™ืจ: "ื•ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืžื ื™ื—ื™ื ืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื•ืช ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ ืžื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืžืืกืคื™ื ืื•ืชื ื™ื—ื“ ื•ืฉื•ืœื—ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืœื—ื›ืžื™ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื”ื•ื ื–ื›ืจ ืœืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉื”ื™ื• ื’ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชืŸ ืžื—ื•ืฆื” ืœืืจืฅ ื•ืฉื•ืœื—ื™ืŸ ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืช"ื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ. ื•ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืฆืžื” ื™ืฉ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ืŸ ืœืชืช ืื•ืชื ืœื’ื‘ืื™ ืœื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื–ื›ืจ ืœืžืงื“ืฉ, ื•ื™ืฉ ื ื•ืชื ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื”ื ืฆืจื›ื™ื ื‘ืฆื ืขื”" (ืชืจืฆื“ ื›ื‘).

ื”ื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื™ืชืŸ ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ
ื’ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืฉื ื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืฆืžื•ื“ื™ื ืœืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ ืฉื ื™ืชื ื” ื‘ืžืงื“ืฉ. ืฉื”ืจื™ ื‘ืžืงื“ืฉ ื ืืžืจ: "ื–ึถื” ื™ึดืชึฐึผื ื•ึผ ื›ึธึผืœ ื”ึธืขึนื‘ึตืจ ืขึทืœ ื”ึทืคึฐึผืงึปื“ึดื™ื ืžึทื—ึฒืฆึดื™ืช ื”ึทืฉึถึผืืงึถืœ ื‘ึฐึผืฉึถืืงึถืœ ื”ึทืงึนึผื“ึถืฉื ืขึถืฉึฐื‚ืจึดื™ื ื’ึตึผืจึธื” ื”ึทืฉึถึผืืงึถืœ ืžึทื—ึฒืฆึดื™ืช ื”ึทืฉึถึผืืงึถืœ ืชึฐึผืจื•ึผืžึธื” ืœื”'" (ืฉืžื•ืช ืœ ื™"ื’), ื•ืืœื• ืฉื ืคืงื“ื• ื‘ืคื™ืงื•ื“ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืžื›ืœ ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื ื—ื•ืฅ ืžืฉื‘ื˜ ืœื•ื™. ื•ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื: "ื”ื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื™ืชืŸ ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืœื•ื™ื™ื ื•ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื•ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ืžืฉื•ื—ืจืจื™ื" (ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ืœื›ื” ื– ืžื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืงืœื™ื. ืžืฉื ื” ืฉืงืœื™ื ืค"ื ื”). ืืœื ืฉืœื ืžืžืฉื›ื ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืจื›ื™ ืฉืœื•ื.
ื•ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืฉืžืคืจืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื "ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื“ื™ื" โ€“ ื›ืœ ืืœื• ืฉืขื‘ืจื• ื‘ื™ื ืกื•ืฃ ื•ื ื™ืฆืœื• ืžืžื•ื•ืช ืœื—ื™ื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืชืช ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ. ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืชืจื•ืžื” ื”ื–ืืช ืžืฆื™ืœื” ื—ื™ื™ื, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื ื™ืฆืœื• ื—ื™ื™ื• ื™ื™ืชืŸ ืื•ืชื”.

ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ืœื™ืชืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืขื“ ื‘ื ื™ื• ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื, ื•ืืฉื” ืžืขื•ื‘ืจืช ื‘ืขื“ ื•ืœื“ื”
ื”ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื’ื ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจืžื™ื. ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืžืจื” ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืฉืจื™ื ืฉื ื” ื•ืžืขืœื”. ื•ื›ืš ื‘ืืžืช ืคื•ืกืง ืจื‘ื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื” ืžื‘ืจื˜ื ื•ืจื” (ืฉืงืœื™ื ื ื’), ื•ื›ืš ืžื‘ื™ื ื”ืจืž"ื: "ื•ืื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื™ืชื ื• ืจืง ืžื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื‘ืŸ ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืœืžืขืœื”". ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš. ืืžื ื ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืžืฉื ื™ื•ืช ืคื•ืกืง ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืžื’ื™ืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืขืฉืจื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืชืช ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ. ื•ื›ืš ืžื‘ื™ื ื”ืชื•ืก' ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ (ืค"ื ื“).
ืœื“ืขืชื ื”ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื‘ืŸ ืขืฉืจื™ื ืฉื ื” ื•ืžืขืœื” ื”ื™ื” ืจืง ืœืชืจื•ืžืช ื”ืื“ื ื™ื. ืื‘ืœ ืœืชืจื•ืžืช ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื›ื•ืœื, ืžื‘ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืขืฉืจื” ื•ืžืขืœื”. ื›ืš ืžืฉืžืข ืžื”ืจืžื‘"ื, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ (ืืžื ื ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื™ืžืŸ ืชืจืฆื“ ื›ืชื‘ ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ืœื›ืš ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™). ื›ืš ื’ื ืคื•ืกืง ื”ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื” " ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ื”ื•ื ืœื™ืชืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืขื“ ื‘ื ื™ื• ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื, ื•ืืฉื” ืžืขื•ื‘ืจืช ื‘ืขื“ ื•ืœื“ื” " (ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืœื›ื”"ื— ืฉื ืก"ืง ื›"ื– ื•ื›ืŸ ืœืžื’"ื).
ื•ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ (ืฉืžื•ืช ืœ ื™ื‘) ื›ื™ ื‘ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ืช ืœืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช "ืœื•ื™ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื›ืœ, ื•ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืืฃ ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื, ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืœื›ื”, ื›ืžื• ืฉืžืคืจืฉ ื‘ืžืก' ืฉืงืœื™ื" (ืค"ื ื”"ื“) ื•ืขื•ื“, "ื›ื™ ื”ืฉืงืœื™ื ืœืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืื™ื ื ืžื‘ืŸ ืขืฉืจื™ื ืฉื ื” ื•ืžืขืœื”, ืืœื ืžืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืฉืชื™ ืฉืขืจื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืฉืงื•ืœ". ื•ื”ื˜ืขื ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื•ื ื›ืคืจื” ืขืœ ื”ื ืคืฉ. "ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืฆืจื™ืš ื›ืคืจื” ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื›ืœ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื”ืžืฆื•ืช ื™ื‘ื™ื ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ ืื—ืจ ืœืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช".

ืœื›ืคืจ ืขืœ ื ืคืฉื•ืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื
ืœืคื™ ื–ื” ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืžื” ื ืฉื™ื ืจืฉืื™ื•ืช ืœืชืจื•ื ืœืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ืชืจื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ ื”ืžื•ื–ื›ืจืช ื‘ืคืจืฉืช "ื›ื™ ืชื™ืฉื" ื”ืŸ ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช. ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื‘ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืžืื•ื“ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื•ืช: "ื•ึทื™ึผึทืขึทืฉื‚ ืึตืช ื”ึทื›ึผึดื™ึผื•ึนืจ ื ึฐื—ืฉืึถืช ื•ึฐืึตืช ื›ึผึทื ึผื•ึน ื ึฐื—ืฉืึถืช ื‘ึผึฐืžึทืจึฐืึนืช ื”ึทืฆึผึนื‘ึฐืึนืช ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืฆึธื‘ึฐืื•ึผ ืคึผึถืชึทื— ืึนื”ึถืœ ืžื•ึนืขึตื“" (ืฉืžื•ืช ืœื— ื—). ื•ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื• "ื‘ื ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื™ื“ืŸ ืžืจืื•ืช ืฉืจื•ืื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ื›ืฉื”ืŸ ืžืชืงืฉื˜ื•ืช ื•ืืฃ ืื•ืชืŸ ืœื ืขื›ื‘ื• ืžืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื ื“ื‘ืช ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ ื•ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืืก ืžืฉื” ื‘ื”ืŸ ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข ืืžืจ ืœื• ื”ืงื‘"ื”: ืงื‘ืœ, ื›ื™ ืืœื• ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœ ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ื”ื ื”ืขืžื™ื“ื• ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืฆื‘ืื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื ื›ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ืขืœื™ื”ื ื™ื’ืขื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืคืจืš ื”ื™ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื•ืช ื•ืžื•ืœื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื ืžืื›ืœ ื•ืžืฉืชื” ื•ืžืื›ื™ืœื•ืช ืื•ืชื ื•ื ื•ื˜ืœื•ืช ื”ืžืจืื•ืช ื•ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืจื•ืื” ืขืฆืžื” ืขื ื‘ืขืœื” ื‘ืžืจืื” ื•ืžืฉื“ืœืชื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื" ื•ื›ื•' (ืจืฉ"ื™ ืฉื).
ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉื ื” ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืฉื”ืŸ ืœื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ, ืื‘ืœ ืื ืชืจืžื• โ€“ ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืžื”ืŸ. ื•ืื•ืžืจ ื”ืžื’"ื (ืก"ืง ื’) ืฉื‘ื”ื’ื”ื•ืช ืžื™ืžื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืฉื’ื ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื, ื•ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ "ื•ืœื ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืžื ื™ืŸ", ื•ื–ื” ืœื ื›ื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื“ืœืขื™ืœ ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืฉื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืคื˜ื•ืจื™ื. ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื›ื”"ื— (ืฉื ืก"ืง ื›ื“) ืฉืืข"ืค ืฉืœืคื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืคื˜ื•ืจื™ื, ื”ื ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ื›ื™ ื›ืชื•ื‘ "ืœื›ืคืจ ืขืœ ื ืคืฉื•ืชื™ื›ื".

ืขื ื™ ืคื•ืจื™ื
ื”ืจืžื‘"ื (ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืงืœื™ื ืคืจืง ื) ื›ื•ืชื‘: "ืžืฆื•ืช ืขืฉื” ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœื™ืชืŸ ื›ืœ ืื™ืฉ ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ื•ืฉื ื”, ืืคื™ืœื• ืขื ื™ ื”ืžืชืคืจื ืก ืžืŸ ื”ืฆื“ืงื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘, ื•ืฉื•ืืœ ืžืื—ืจื™ื ืื• ืžื•ื›ืจ ื›ืกื•ืช ืฉืขืœ ื›ืชื™ืคื• ื•ื ื•ืชืŸ ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ ื›ืกืฃ ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืฉืžื•ืช ืœ') ื”ืขืฉื™ืจ ืœื ื™ืจื‘ื” ื•ื”ื“ืœ ืœื ื™ืžืขื™ื˜ ื•ื›ื•', ื•ืื™ื ื• ื ื•ืชื ื• ื‘ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื ืžืขื˜ ื•ืœืžื—ืจ ืžืขื˜ ืืœื ื ื•ืชื ื• ื›ื•ืœื• ื›ืื—ืช ื‘ืคืขื ืื—ืช". ื•ื”ื˜ืขื ื”ื•ื ื›ื“ืœืขื™ืœ, ืฉืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ ืžื’ื™ื ื” ืขืœ ื ื•ืชื ื™ื”. ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืชืจื•ืžื” ื”ื–ืืช ื›ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื ืคืฉ ื›ืžืขื˜ ื•ืืžืจื• ืœืขื ื™ ืฉื™ืžื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื‘ื’ื“ื• ื•ื™ื™ืชืŸ ืืช ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ ื”ื–ืืช.

ื•ึดื”ึฐื™ึดื™ืชึถื ื ึฐืงึดื™ึดื™ื ืžึตื”' ื•ึผืžึดื™ึผึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ
ื”ืžืฉื ื” (ืฉืงืœื™ื ืคืจืง ื“) ืžืชืืจืช: "ื”ึทืชึผึฐืจื•ึผืžึธื” ืžึถื” ื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ืขื•ึนืฉื‚ึดื™ืŸ ื‘ึผึธื”ึผ, ืœื•ึนืงึฐื—ึดื™ืŸ ื‘ึผึธื”ึผ ืชึผึฐืžึดื™ื“ึดื™ืŸ ื•ึผืžื•ึผืกึธืคึดื™ืŸ ื•ึฐื ึดืกึฐื›ึผึตื™ื”ึถื, ื”ึธืขึนืžึถืจ ื•ึผืฉืึฐืชึผึตื™ ื”ึทืœึผึถื—ึถื ื•ึฐืœึถื—ึถื ื”ึทืคึผึธื ึดื™ื, ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ืงึธืจึฐื‘ึผึฐื ื•ึนืช ื”ึทืฆึผึดื‘ึผื•ึผืจ". ื•ื‘ืืžืช ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื”ื™ื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืขืœ ื”ืงื˜ื•ืจืช ื•ืœื—ื ื”ืคื ื™ื (ื™ื•ืžื ืœื— ืข"ื).
ืขื•ื“ ืžืชืืจืช ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืฉื (ืคืจืง ื’ ืžืฉื ื” ื“) ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ ืœื’ื–ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ. ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืžื›ื ื™ืกื™ื ืืช ื”ื›ื•ืœ ืœืžืงื•ื ืกื’ื•ืจ, ืฉืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืืœื™ื•. ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืžื”ื ื›ืกืฃ ื”ื™ื• ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœืฉื ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื”. "ื‘ึผึดืฉืึฐืœึนืฉืึธื” ืคึผึฐืจึธืงึดื™ื ื‘ึผึทืฉึผืึธื ึธื”, ืชึผื•ึนืจึฐืžึดื™ืŸ ืึถืช ื”ึทืœึผึดืฉืึฐื›ึผึธื”, ื‘ึผึดืคึฐืจื•ึนืก ื”ึทืคึผึถืกึทื—, ื‘ึผึดืคึฐืจื•ึนืก ืขึฒืฆึถืจึถืช, ื‘ึผึดืคึฐืจื•ึนืก ื”ึถื—ึธื’" (ืฉืงืœื™ื ืคืจืง ื’ ื). "ืึตื™ืŸ ื”ึทืชึผื•ึนืจึตื ื ึดื›ึฐื ึธืก ืœึนื ื‘ึผึฐืคึทืจึฐื’ึผื•ึนื“ ื—ึธืคื•ึผืช, ื•ึฐืœึนื ื‘ึผึฐืžึดื ึฐืขึธืœ, ื•ึฐืœึนื ื‘ึผึฐืกึทื ึฐื“ึผึธืœ, ื•ึฐืœึนื ื‘ึผึดืชึฐืคึดืœึผึดื™ืŸ, ื•ึฐืœึนื ื‘ึผึฐืงึธืžึดื™ืขึท, ืฉืึถืžึผึธื ื™ึทืขึฒื ึดื™, ื•ึฐื™ึนืืžึฐืจื•ึผ ืžึตืขึฒื•ึนืŸ ื”ึทืœึผึดืฉืึฐื›ึผึธื” ื”ึถืขึฑื ึดื™, ืื•ึน ืฉืึถืžึผึธื ื™ึทืขึฒืฉืึดื™ืจ, ื•ึฐื™ึนืืžึฐืจื•ึผ ืžึดืชึผึฐืจื•ึผืžึทืช ื”ึทืœึผึดืฉืึฐื›ึผึธื” ื”ึถืขึฑืฉืึดื™ืจ. ืœึฐืคึดื™ ืฉืึถืึธื“ึธื ืฆึธืจึดื™ืšึฐ ืœึธืฆึตืืช ื™ึฐื“ึตื™ ื”ึทื‘ึผึฐืจึดื™ึผื•ึนืช ื›ึผึฐื“ึถืจึถืšึฐ ืฉืึถืฆึผึธืจึดื™ืšึฐ ืœึธืฆึตืืช ื™ึฐื“ึตื™ ื”ึทืžึผึธืงื•ึนื, ืฉืึถื ึผึถืึฑืžึทืจ (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืœื‘) ื•ึดื”ึฐื™ึดื™ืชึถื ื ึฐืงึดื™ึดื™ื ืžึตื”' ื•ึผืžึดื™ึผึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ, ื•ึฐืื•ึนืžึตืจ (ืžืฉืœื™ ื’) ื•ึผืžึฐืฆึธื ื—ึตืŸ ื•ึฐืฉื‚ึตื›ึถืœ ื˜ื•ึนื‘ ื‘ึผึฐืขึตื™ื ึตื™ ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ื•ึฐืึธื“ึธื" (ืฉืงืœื™ื ืคืจืง ื’ ื‘).

ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ืœืžืคืจืข
ืขื•ื“ ืื•ืžืจืช ื”ืžืฉื ื” (ืฉืงืœื™ื ื’, ื“): "ืชึผึธืจึทื ืึถืช ื”ึธืจึดืืฉืื•ึนื ึธื” ืœึฐืฉืึตื ืึถืจึถืฅ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ, ื•ึผืฉืึฐื ึดื™ึผึธื” ืœึฐืฉืื•ึผื ื›ึผึฐืจึทื›ึผึดื™ื ื”ึทืžึผึปืงึผึธืคึดื™ืŸ ืœึธื”ึผ, ื•ึฐื”ึทืฉึผืึฐืœึดื™ืฉืึดื™ืช ืœึฐืฉืื•ึผื ื‘ึผึธื‘ึถืœ ื•ึผืœึฐืฉืื•ึผื ืžึธื“ึทื™ ื•ึผืœึฐืฉืื•ึผื ืžึฐื“ึดื™ื ื•ึนืช ื”ึธืจึฐื—ื•ึนืงื•ึนืช". ืœืคื ื™ ื—ื’ ืคืกื— ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื ืžื”ืงื•ืคื” ืฉืงืœื™ื, ื•ื‘ืขืช ืœืงื™ื—ืชื ื”ื™ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ืฉืงืœื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื”ื ื’ื ืขืœ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืฉืœื—ื• ืืช ื”ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื•ื”ืŸ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื”ื’ื™ืขื•. ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื”ื™ื• ืžื›ืกื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉืงืœื™ื ืฉื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืงื•ืคื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืงื˜ื‘ืœืื•ืช, ืฉื”ืŸ ื™ืจื™ืขื•ืช ืขื•ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช.
ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ื ื›ื ืก ืœืงื•ืคื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืื—ืจื™ ืคืกื— ื”ื™ื” ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืงื˜ื‘ืœืื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•. ืœืคื ื™ ื—ื’ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื ืคืขื ื ื•ืกืคืช ืฉืงืœื™ื ืžืขืœ ื”ืงื˜ื‘ืœืื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื•ื”ื™ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื: ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืœืฉื ื”ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืฉื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืขืžื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ืžื•ืื‘ ืฉืฉืœื—ื• ืืช ื”ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื”ื’ื™ืขื•. ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื™ื• ืžื›ืกื™ื ื‘ืงื˜ื‘ืœืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฉืงืœื™ื ืฉื ืฉืืจื•, ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžื’ื™ืขื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ. ืœืคื ื™ ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉืงืœื™ื ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื•ื”ืฆื˜ื‘ืจื• ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ื•ื”ื™ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื”ื›ืกืคื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื”ื ืœืฉื ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืฉื’ืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ื‘ืœ ื•ื‘ืžื“ื™ ื•ื‘ืฉืืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืจื—ื•ืงื•ืช ืฉืฉืœื—ื• ืืช ื”ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืœื”ืŸ ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื”ื’ื™ืขื•.

ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉื™ื™ืชืŸ ืžืจืฆื•ื ื• ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™, ืžืชื•ืš ืจื’ืฉ ืฉืœ ืื”ื‘ื” ืœืื—ื™ื• ื”ืขื‘ืจื™
ื›ืฉืื“ื ื ื•ืชืŸ ืฆื“ืงื” ืื• ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ, ืื• ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืžื ื•ืช ืื• ืžืชื ื•ืช ืœืื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ื, ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืงื™ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืขืฉื” ืžื”ืชื•ืจื” ืื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ืื• ืžื ื”ื’ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื (ื—ืœืง ื ืกื™ืžืŸ ืจื ื“. ื•ื—ืœืง ื’ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืจืคื’) ื ืฉืืœ ืžื“ื•ืข ืœื ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•, ื•ื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืฉื”ืŸ ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื.
ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืžืžืจืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื–ืฆื•ืง"ืœ, ื›ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฆื“ืงื” ืœืชืช ืžื”ืœื‘. "ืœึนื ืชึฐืึทืžึผึตืฅ ืึถืช ืœึฐื‘ึธื‘ึฐืšึธ ื•ึฐืœึนื ืชึดืงึฐืคึผึนืฅ ืึถืช ื™ึธื“ึฐืšึธ ืžึตืึธื—ึดื™ืšึธ ื”ึธืึถื‘ึฐื™ื•ึนืŸ: ื›ึผึดื™ ืคึธืชึนื—ึท ืชึผึดืคึฐืชึผึทื— ืึถืช ื™ึธื“ึฐืšึธ ืœื•ึน" (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื˜"ื• ื–-ื—). ื•ื›ืฉืื“ื ื ื•ืชืŸ ืžืชื•ืš ืจื—ืžื ื•ืช ืื• ืžืชื•ืš ืื”ื‘ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื–ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื™ ืฉื ื•ืชืŸ ืžืชื•ืš ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ ื•ื›ืคื™ื™ื”. ื•ืื ื™ื‘ื•ื ืื“ื ืœืขื ื™ ื•ื™ื‘ืจืš ืขืœื™ื• "ืืฉืจ ืงื“ืฉื ื• ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืฆื™ื•ื•ื ื• ืœืชืช ืฆื“ืงื” ืœืขื ื™ื™ื", ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืžื•ืจื” ืฉื ื•ืชืŸ ืžื—ืžืช ื”ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ ื•ืœื ืžื—ืžืช ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ืืœื™ื•, ื•ื”ืขื ื™ ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ืคื’ืข. ื•ื›ืŸ ืื•ืžืจืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœืชืช ื‘ืžืื•ืจ ืคื ื™ื. "ื ึธืชื•ึนืŸ ืชึผึดืชึผึตืŸ ืœื•ึน ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึตืจึทืข ืœึฐื‘ึธื‘ึฐืšึธ ื‘ึผึฐืชึดืชึผึฐืšึธ ืœื•ึน ื›ึผึดื™ ื‘ึผึดื’ึฐืœึทืœ ื”ึทื“ึผึธื‘ึธืจ ื”ึทื–ึผึถื” ื™ึฐื‘ึธืจึถื›ึฐืšึธ ื”' ืึฑืœึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ืžึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึถืšึธ ื•ึผื‘ึฐื›ึนืœ ืžึดืฉืึฐืœึทื— ื™ึธื“ึถืšึธ" (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื˜ื•). ื•ืื ื™ื‘ืจืš ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื‘ื™ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืขื ื™ ืฉืžืงื‘ืœ.
ื›ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื’ื ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืžื ื•ืช. ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืื•ืžืจ ื”ืจื‘ "ืžื ื•ืช ื”ืœื•ื™", ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืœื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ืื—ื•ื•ื” ืฉืœื•ื ื•ืจืขื•ืช. ื•ืื ื™ื™ืชืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื• ืžื ื•ืช ื•ื™ื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ืžืฉืœื•ื— ื”ืžื ื•ืช ืขืœื•ืœ ื—ื‘ืจื• ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœื™ื• ืื• ืœื”ืžืขื™ื˜ ื‘ืื”ื‘ืชื•, ืฉื›ืŸ ื™ืกื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืœื ืžืื”ื‘ื” ื ืชืŸ ืœื• ืืœื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื— ืขื•ื“ ืžืฆื•ื•ื”. ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื’ื ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืื‘ ื•ืื ื•ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ืฉืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื.
ื•ื›ืชื‘ ืขืœ ื›ืš ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ืฉืจื™ื“ื™ ืืฉ (ื—ืœืง ื ืกื™ืžืŸ ืก ืขืžื•ื“ ืงืขื‘): "ื•ื”ื ื” ืืฃ ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื•ืขื•ืฉื” ื•ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ืŸ ื•ืฆื™ื•ื ื• - ื‘ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืžื ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉื™ืชืŸ ืžืจืฆื•ื ื• ื”ื—ืคืฉื™, ืžืชื•ืš ืจื’ืฉ ืฉืœ ืื”ื‘ื” ืœืื—ื™ื• ื”ืขื‘ืจื™, ื•ืื ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืชืŸ ืจืง ืขืค"ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืคื—ื™ืช ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืื”ื‘ื”". ืœื›ืŸ ืœื ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื ืขืœ ืฆื“ืงื”, ืžืชื ื•ืช ืœืื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืื• ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืžื ื•ืช.
ื•ื™ื”ื™ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืฉื ื–ื›ื” ืœื ืชื™ื ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื”ืชืœื”ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืฉ, ื•ื ืจื‘ื” ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ืื—ื•ื•ื” ืฉืชื‘ื™ื ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, ื‘ืžื”ืจื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ืืžืŸ.

ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื
ืื•ึนืจึธื” ื•ึฐืฉึดื‚ืžึฐื—ึธื” ื•ึฐืฉึธื‚ืฉึนื‚ืŸ ื•ึดื™ืงึธืจ
ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืื—ืจื™ ืืจื‘ืข ืœื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืงื™ืกืจื™, ื•ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืืžืจื• ืœื ื• ืฉื”ืจื—ื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืงื˜ืกื˜ืจื•ืคืœื™, ื•ืืฉืชื™ ืœื ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืœื“ืช ืขื•ื“. ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื ืžืžืœื™ืฆื™ื ืœืชืคื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ื. ื”ื™ื” ืงืฉื” ืœื ื• ืžืื•ื“ ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืขื ื”ืงื‘ื™ืขื” ื”ื–ืืช ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ืขื•ื“ ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ื•ื”ื—ืœื˜ื ื• ืฉืื’ื™ืข ืืœ ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืฆ"ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื‘ืจื›ื”. ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืืœ ืื™ืš ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœืืฉืชื™, ื•ื”ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉืฉืžื” ืื•ืจื™ืช. ืชื’ื•ื‘ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ื”ื™ื™ืชื”: ืื•ืจื™ืช ื–ื” ืื•ืจ ืงื˜ืŸ, ืื•ืจื” ื–ื” ืื•ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ. ืœื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืื•ืจื” ื•ืฉืžื—ื” ื•ืฉืฉื•ืŸ ื•ื™ืงืจ. ืขืฉื™ื ื• ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ืจื‘ ื”ืžืœื™ืฅ, ืืฉืชื™ ืฉื™ื ืชื” ืืช ื”ืฉื ืœืื•ืจื”, ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื–ื›ื™ื ื• ืœืขื•ื“ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืœื™ื“ื•ืช. ื”ื™ืœื“ ื ื•ืœื“ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ืคื•ืจื™ื. ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจ ื”ืจื‘, ืœื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืื•ืจื” ื•ืฉืžื—ื” ื•ืฉืฉื•ืŸ ื•ื™ืงืจ.

ื”ึถื”ึธืจึดื™ื ืจึธืงึฐื“ื•ึผ ื›ึฐืึตื™ืœึดื™ื
ืžืกืคืจ ื™ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื” "ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื”ืจืงื“ืŸ": ืื ื™ ืžืื•ื“ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืœืจืงื•ื“, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืื”ื‘ืชื™ ืœืจืงื•ื“ ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืฆ"ืœ. ื›ืš ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื—ื’ื™ื, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืฉืžื—ืช ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื›ืš ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื. ืื—ืช ื”ืคืขืžื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ืคื•ืจื™ื, ืขืช ื”ืจื‘ ื”ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื™ ืœื‘ื™ืชื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืกืขื•ื“ืช ืคื•ืจื™ื. ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืฉืžื—ืชื™ ืžืื•ื“, ื’ื ืขืœ ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื—ื™ืฆืช ื”ืจื‘, ื•ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ื–ื” ื›ืžื• ื™ื•ื ื”ืคื•ืจื™ื, ื•ื’ื ื›ื™ ืฉืžื—ืชื™ ืœื”ื™ืขื ื•ืช ืœื‘ืงืฉืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘. ืืœื ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื™ื” ืขืžื•ืก ืžืื•ื“, ื•ืœื ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ื•. ืขืžื“ืชื™ ืฉื ื›ืžื” ื“ืงื•ืช, ืขื“ ืฉืœืคืชืข ืงืœื˜ืชื™ ืฉื”ืจื‘ ืจื•ืื” ืื•ืชื™ ื“ืจืš ืจื•ื•ื— ืฆืจ ืฉื ืคืชื— ื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื• ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืกืžืŸ ืœื™ ืœื’ืฉืช ืืœื™ื•.
ื ื™ื’ืฉืชื™ ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืจื‘ ื•ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœืฉื™ืจ, ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ืฉื™ื“ ื—ื–ืงื” ืื•ื—ื–ืช ื‘ื™ ื•ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื”ืจืงื™ื“ ืื•ืชื™. ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ื’ื‘ืจ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื•ื—ื–ืง, ื•ื’ื... ืฉื™ื›ื•ืจ. ื”ื•ื ืกื•ื‘ื‘ ืื•ืชื™ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื‘ื—ื•ื–ืงื”, ืฉื—ืฉืฉืชื™ ืฉืื™ืืœืฅ ืœืฆืืช ืžื‘ื™ืช ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ื—ืœืงื™ื. ืœื ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืื™ืš ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืจื™ืงื•ื“ ื”ืœื ื ืขื™ื ื”ื–ื”, ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื—ืฉืฉืชื™ ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืžื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื™ ืคืจื™ืงืช ื›ืชืฃ. ืื‘ืœ ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื”ื“ืื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืจื‘, ื”ืขืžื“ืชื™ ืคื ื™ื ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื›ื•ืœ ื›ืฉื•ืจื”. ื‘ื“ืจืš ืœื ื“ืจืš ื”ืจื‘ ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื”, ื”ื•ื ืงื ืžืžืงื•ื ืžื•ืฉื‘ื• ื•ื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืืœื™ื ื• ืœืžืขื’ืœ. ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืจื’ืข, ื›ื‘ืžื˜ื” ืงืกื, ืื•ืชื• ืื“ื ื ืจื’ืข, ื•ืื ื™ ื ื™ืฆืœืชื™.


ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื›ื”ืœื›ื”
ืžืฉืœื•ื— ื ื•ื›ืจื™ . ืื ืื ื™ ืžืงื‘ืœ ื‘ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืžื ื•ืช ืžืžืชืงื™ื ืื• ื’ื‘ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉืžื›ื™ืœื™ื ืื‘ืงืช ื—ืœื‘ ื ื•ื›ืจื™, ื”ืื ืืคืฉืจ ืœืชืช ืื•ืชื ืœืžื™ ืฉื›ืŸ ืื•ื›ืœ?
ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื• ืืกืจื• ื—ืœื‘ ืขื›ื•"ื. ื•ืžื™ ืฉื”ืชื™ืจ โ€“ ื”ืชื™ืจ ืจืง ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ื•ื›ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ืจื” ืื—ืจืช, ืื‘ืœ ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืื™ืŸ ืœืฆืจื•ืš ืžื•ืฆืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืื‘ืงืช ื—ืœื‘ ื ื•ื›ืจื™. ืœืคื™ ื”ืคืฉื˜, ื–ื• ื’ื–ื™ืจืช ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉืžื ืขื™ืจื‘ื• ื—ืœื‘ ื˜ืžื. ืœืฆืขืจื ื• ืžืฆืื ื• ื‘ืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืฆืคืช ื—ืœื‘ ืฉื™ื•ื‘ื ืžื’ืจืžื ื™ื” ื•ืขื™ืจื‘ื• ื‘ื• ืฉื•ืžืŸ ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื™ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืื‘ืงืช ื—ืœื‘ ืขื ืื—ื•ื–ื™ ืฉื•ืžืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ื‘ืงืจ ืื• ืฉืœ ื—ื–ื™ืจ, ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ืžืŸ ื›ืฉืจ ืื• ืœื ื›ืฉืจ, ื•ื–ื” ืœื ืžืฉื ื”. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ืขื ื—ืœื‘. ืœืคื™ ืขื•ืžืง ื”ื”ืœื›ื” - ื”ื”ืจื—ืงื” ื”ื–ืืช ื ืฆืจื›ืช ืžื’ื•ื™ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช. ืžื” ืฉืืชื” ืœื ืื•ื›ืœ ืžื•ื˜ื‘ ืœื ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืœืื—ืจื™ื, ืืœื ืœื–ืจื•ืง ืœืคื—.

ืขื ื™ ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœืื‘ื™ื•ืŸ . ืžื” ื”ื˜ืขื ืœื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื’ื ืขื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืชื ื•ืช ืœืื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ื ?
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ืื•ืชื ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ื”. ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืช ืœื”ื ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื ืชื™ื ื”.
ืžื’ื™ืœื” ืขื ืจืžื” . ื›ืชื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ืจืžื•ืช ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ืžืชื™ ื”ืฉื ื” ืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืงืจื•ื ืืช ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื”, ื”ืื ื‘ื™"ื“ ืื• ื‘ื˜"ื•, ื•ืžืชื™ ื—ื•ื’ื’ื™ื ืืช ืจืžื•ืช? ืื ื—ื•ื’ื’ื™ื ื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื, ื”ืื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื ื™ ืื•ืžืจื™ื "ืขืœ ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื" ืื• ืฉื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ื ืœื”ืคืกืง?
ื›ืœ ืจืžื•ืช ืงื•ืจืืช ืจืง ื‘ื˜"ื• ื›ืžื• ื›ืœ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื.
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il