ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืกืคืจื™ื”
  • ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื
  • ื“ืจืš ืขืฅ ื—ื™ื™ื
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
  • ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื
  • ื—ื’ื™ื ื•ื–ืžื ื™ื
  • ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ื”ืฉื ื”
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5 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืฉื‘ืขืช ืžืงืจืื™ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœืฉื‘ืขืช ื™ืžื™ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข
ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืคื•ืชื—ืช ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื™ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื•ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ื–ื• ืชื•ืืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื ื”ืžืฉืš ืœืชื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื”ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืชื•ืจื”. ืชืžื•ื ื” ื–ื• ืžืฉืœื™ืžื” ืชืžื•ื ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช, ืืฉืจ ืชื•ืืจื” ื‘ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ืจืช 'ื—ื’ื™ื ืžื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช', ื•ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืืช ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื• ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื ื”ืžืฉืš ืœืชื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืจื”. ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ื›ืืŸ ืืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ืฉืœืžื”, ื ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ืงืฆืจื” ืืช ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืงืจืื™ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืœืชื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ืœืœื ื‘ื™ืกื•ืก ืžืขืžื™ืง ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ืœืœื ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืื•ื“ื•ืชื.
ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืžื•ืขื“ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืคืจืฉืช ืืžื•ืจ ืคื•ืชื—ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืชื™ืื•ืจ ืฉื‘ืขืช ื™ืžื™ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข, ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ืžืงืจืื™ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ. ื•ื”ื ื”, ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืžืกืคืจื ืฉืœ ื™ืžื™ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข, ื’ื ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืงืจื•ื™ื™ื 'ืžืงืจื ืงื•ื“ืฉ' ื”ื•ื ืฉื‘ืขื”: ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื•ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ืฉืœ ืคืกื—, ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช, ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื”, ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื, ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ื•ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืจืช 1 . ืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื˜ืชื™ ื•ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืืช ืคืจืฉืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” 2 , ืžื’ืœื” ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืžืงืจืื™ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ, ื•ื–ืืช ืœืคื™ ืกื“ืจ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื•ืœืคื™ ืกื“ืจ ื”ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื.
ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืœ ื”' ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื•ืจ ืœื—ื•ืฉืš: "ื•ึทื™ึผึทื‘ึฐื“ึผึตืœ ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ื‘ึผึตื™ืŸ ื”ึธืื•ึนืจ ื•ึผื‘ึตื™ืŸ ื”ึทื—ึนืฉืึถืšึฐ", ื•ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืชื•ืืจืช ื”ื‘ื“ืœื” ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ืกืช ืœื”' ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื ื™ ื ื•ืฉืื™ื, ืฉืื—ื“ ืžื”ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืขืžื™ื: "ืึฒื ึดื™ ื”' ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ื›ึถื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื”ึดื‘ึฐื“ึผึทืœึฐืชึผึดื™ ืึถืชึฐื›ึถื ืžึดืŸ ื”ึธืขึทืžึผึดื™ื" 3 . ื”ืžื•ืขื“ ืืœื™ื• ืงืฉื•ืจื” ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืขืžื™ื ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืคืกื—, ืฉื‘ื• ืžืฉืชืงืคืช ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœื” ื”ืŸ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืชื ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ื™ื—ืกื• ื”ืžื ื•ื’ื“ ืฉืœ ื”' ืœืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื”ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืžื” ืคืขืžื™ื.
ืžืœืื›ืช ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื ื™ ื›ืœืœื” ื”ื‘ื“ืœื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื ืœืžื™ื: "ื•ึทื™ึผึทื‘ึฐื“ึผึตืœ ื‘ึผึตื™ืŸ ื”ึทืžึผึทื™ึดื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืžึดืชึผึทื—ึทืช ืœึธืจึธืงึดื™ืขึท ื•ึผื‘ึตื™ืŸ ื”ึทืžึผึทื™ึดื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืžึตืขึทืœ ืœึธืจึธืงึดื™ืขึท", ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ืจืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ื‘ืฉื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžื›ื•ืกื” ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ ื‘ืžื™ื: "ื™ึดืงึผึธื•ื•ึผ ื”ึทืžึผึทื™ึดื ืžึดืชึผึทื—ึทืช ื”ึทืฉึผืึธืžึทื™ึดื ืึถืœ ืžึธืงื•ึนื ืึถื—ึธื“ ื•ึฐืชึตืจึธืึถื” ื”ึทื™ึผึทื‘ึผึธืฉืึธื”" 4 . ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืืœื• ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื ื™ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื, ื•ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื”ื•ื ืงืจื™ืขืช ื™ื ืกื•ืฃ, ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ืฉืœ ืคืกื—. ืงืฉืจ ื–ื” ืžืขื•ื’ืŸ ื’ื ื‘ืžื™ืœื” 'ื™ึผึทื‘ึผึธืฉืึธื”', ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืข ืคืขืžื™ื, ื•ืฉืฉ ืžืชื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ืœื™ื•ื ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืื• ืœืงืจื™ืขืช ื™ื ืกื•ืฃ.
ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกืช ืœ'ืืจืฅ' ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื•ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™ "ืชึผึทื“ึฐืฉืึตื ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ", "ืชึผื•ึนืฆึตื ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ". ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื›ืš, ื”ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืงื•ืฉืจืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœ'ืืจืฅ' ื”ื ื”ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื•ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™, ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื•ืกื•ื›ื•ืช: "ื›ึผึดื™ ืชึธื‘ืื•ึผ ืึถืœ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ", "ื‘ึผึฐืึธืกึฐืคึผึฐื›ึถื ืึถืช ืชึผึฐื‘ื•ึผืึทืช ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ". ื•ื”ื ื”, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ื›ื™ ื”ืžื•ืขื“ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœื™ื•ื ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ืžื•ืขื“ ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™ ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™. ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื‘ืจื ื”' ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืžื—, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ื—ื’ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืื ื• ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืœื”' ืืช ืงืจื‘ืŸ ื”ืฆื•ืžื—; ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™ ื ืชืŸ ื”' ืœืื“ื ืืช ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฆื•ืžื—, ื•ื‘ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ืื ื• ืžืฆื•ื•ื™ื ืœืงื—ืช ืœื ื• ืืช ืืจื‘ืขืช ืžื™ื ื™ ื”ืฆื•ืžื—.
ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ืฉื‘ื• ื ื‘ืจืื• ื”ืžืื•ืจื•ืช ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœืžืงืจื ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™, ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื”, ืฉื—ืœ ื‘ืจืืฉ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ โ€“ ืžื•ืขื“ ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืจืื™ื™ืช ื”ืœื‘ื ื”. ื”ืžืื•ืจื•ืช ืงื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืืช ืกื“ืจื™ ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื, ื•ืคืขื•ืœืช ื”ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขืฆืžื”, ืฉืขืœ ืฉืžื” ื ืงืจื ื”ื—ื’ "ื–ึดื›ึฐืจื•ึนืŸ ืชึผึฐืจื•ึผืขึธื”", ื”ื™ื ื” ืคืขื•ืœื” ื”ืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ืœืžืžื“ ื”ื–ืžืŸ.
ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ ื ื‘ืจืื” "ื ึถืคึถืฉื ื—ึทื™ึผึธื”", ื•ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ื•ื”ืžื ื—ื” ื‘ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื ื”ื ืคืฉ: ื”ื™ื ืžื•ื–ื›ืจืช ื‘ื”ื ื—ืžืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื, ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื, ื•ื”ื™ื ืœื ืžื•ื–ื›ืจืช ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืžื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืฉื•ื ืžื•ืขื“ ืื—ืจ 5 .
ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™ ื ืชืŸ ื”' ืœืื“ื ืืช ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฆื•ืžื—, ื•ื ืชื™ื ื” ื–ื• ืžืชืžืžืฉืช ื‘ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช, ื‘ื• ืื ื• ืžืฆื•ื•ื™ื ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ืืจื‘ืขืช ืžื™ื ื™ ื”ืฆื•ืžื—, ื•ืœืฉืžื•ื— ื‘ื”ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”' ืฉื ืชื ื. ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ืฆื™ืจื•ืฃ 'ืคืจื™ ืขืฅ' ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืœืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืฉืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืžืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืŸ ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™ ื•ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™ ื‘ื• ื ืืžืจ "ื•ึทื™ึผึทืจึฐื ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ืึถืช ื›ึผึธืœ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืขึธืฉื‚ึธื” ื•ึฐื”ึดื ึผึตื” ื˜ื•ึนื‘ ืžึฐืึนื“" ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ื”ืžืื•ืคื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื‘ื• ืื•ืกืฃ ื”ืื“ื ืืช ืžืขืฉื” ื™ื“ื™ื• "ื‘ึผึฐืึธืกึฐืคึผึฐืšึธ ืึถืช ืžึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึถื™ืšึธ ืžึดืŸ ื”ึทืฉึผื‚ึธื“ึถื”" (ืคืจืฉืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื), ื•ื‘ื• ื ืืžืจ "...ื›ึผึดื™ ื™ึฐื‘ึธืจึถื›ึฐืšึธ ื”' ืึฑืœึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ ื‘ึผึฐื›ึนืœ ืชึผึฐื‘ื•ึผืึธืชึฐืšึธ ื•ึผื‘ึฐื›ึนืœ ืžึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึตื” ื™ึธื“ึถื™ืšึธ ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึดื™ืชึธ ืึทืšึฐ ืฉื‚ึธืžึตื—ึท". ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™ ื•ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืืจ ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื”ืขืฉื™ื™ื” ืฉืื•ืชื• ื”' ืจื•ืื” ืื• ืžื‘ืจืš, ื•ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืจืื™ื”/ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืžืชื•ืืจ ืžืฆื‘ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™.
ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื‘ืช ื”' ืžื›ืœ ืžืœืื›ืชื•, ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ื• ื›ืœ ืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช ืžืœื‘ื“ ืฉื‘ื™ืชื” ื–ื•, ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœืžืงืจื ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™, ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืจืช, ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื”ืงืจื•ื™ ืขืœ ืฉื ื”ืขืฆื™ืจื”, ื•ืžืœื‘ื“ ืขืฆื™ืจื” ื–ื• ืœื ืžื•ื–ื›ืจ ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืืœื™ื• ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ื ื•ืกืฃ. ืœืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืžืืคื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืจืช ืขืกืงื ื• ื’ื ื‘ืชื™ืื•ืจ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืœื’ืŸ ืขื“ืŸ ื”ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื.

ื”ืžืžื“ ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื•ืžืžื“ ื”ื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช
ื—ื›ืžื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื• ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืœื™ื—ืก ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื”, ื•ื›ืืŸ ื ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืงืฆืจื” ื›ื™ ืชื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืชื™ืื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ื”ื˜ื‘ืข, ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืขืœ ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช ืงื‘ื•ืขื”, ื•ื‘ื• ื”' ื ืžืฆื ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื‘ืจื™ืื” ืขืฆืžื”, ื•ืื™ืœื• ืชื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื”ืฉื ื™ ืžืชืืจ ืขื•ืœื ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืชื ื•ืขื” ื•ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื•ืช, ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช, ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืจืข, ื•ื‘ื• ื”' ื ื•ื›ื— ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉื™ืฆืจ 6 . ื”ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืงืจืื™ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืฉื ื™ ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืžืœืžื“ืช ืฉื’ื ื‘ืžืงืจืื™ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื—ื‘ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื ื™ ืžืžื“ื™ื ืืœื•. ืชื•ื‘ื ื” ื–ื• ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืงื ื” ืื—ื“ ืขื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืืœ ื‘ืŸ ื ื•ืŸ ื‘ืกืคืจื• 'ื–ื›ื•ืจ ื•ืฉืžื•ืจ', ื‘ื• ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ืืจ ื‘ืืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืžืงืจืื™ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื—ื‘ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื ื™ ืžืžื“ื™ื โ€“ ื”ืžืžื“ ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื•ื”ืžืžื“ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™. ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžื‘ืืจ ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ืŸ ื ื•ืŸ, ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœื—ืงืœืื•ืช ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื‘ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื‘ืงืฆื™ืจ ื•ื‘ืืกื™ืฃ, ื‘ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื‘ืื• ืœืžืงื“ืฉ ืžืชื‘ื•ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ. ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ืืฉืจ ืชื•ืคืก ืžืงื•ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื, ื•ืขื™ืงืจื• ื‘ื”ืงืจื‘ืช ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืžื”ื—ื™ ื•ื”ืฆื•ืžื— ื•ื”ืงื˜ืจืช ื”ืงื˜ื•ืจืช, ืžื‘ื˜ื ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ื—ื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื•ืจื ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืื™ื•. ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื‘ื ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช, ื•ืœื’ืœื•ืช ื‘ื” ืืช ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”' ื”ืฆื•ืคื” ื•ืžืฉื’ื™ื— ื‘ื›ืœ. ื•ื›ืš ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืžืขืžื“ ื”ื™ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืืช ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ื ื•ืฉืœ ืžื—ืจืชื•. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉืช ื•ื”ืœื ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื ืงืฉื•ืจื” ื‘ื ืก, ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”. ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืขื ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื ื•ืœื“ ื•ืžืชื’ื‘ืฉ ื‘ืืจืฅ ืžื•ืœื“ืชื•, ื—ื•ื’ื’ ื—ื’ื™ื ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื ื•ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื, ื—ืงืœืื™ื™ื ื•ืคื•ืœื—ื ื™ื™ื, ื•ืื ื”ื•ื ื’ื•ืœื” ืžืืจืฆื• ืื• ื ื˜ืžืข ื‘ื›ื•ื‘ืฉื™ื• ื‘ืชื•ืš ืืจืฆื• ื”ื•ื ื—ื“ืœ ืžืœื”ืชืงื™ื™ื, ื”ืจื™ ืฉืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื‘ื“ื• ื”ืชื’ื‘ืฉ ื•ื ื•ืœื“ ื‘ื ืก ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื, ื•ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื‘ื•ืจื• ืื™ื ื” ืกืชื ืžื•ืœื“ืช ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ืืœื ืžืกื•ืจืช ืื‘ื•ืช, ืฉืื™ืคื” ื•ืžื˜ืจื”, ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ื™ื™ืขื•ื“, ื›ื™ืกื•ืคื™ื ื•ื—ื–ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืืจืฅ, ื ืก ื•ื˜ื‘ืข, ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื•ื—ืงืœืื•ืช. ืื ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื’ื•ืœื” ืžืืจืฆื• ืื• ื ืฉืœื˜ ื‘ืืจืฆื• ืื• ื‘ื’ืœื•ืชื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ื•ื‘ืฉื™ื•, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืชืงื™ื™ื. ืžื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื• ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ื ื•ื‘ืข ื›ืคืœ ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื’ื™ื.
ืœืื•ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ืชื‘ืืจื• ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ื–ื•, ืงืœ ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉืฉื ื™ ืžืžื“ื™ื ืืœื• ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœืฉื ื™ ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื”. ื”ืžืžื“ ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœืชื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ืืช ืขื•ืœื ื”ื˜ื‘ืข, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ืžืžื“ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœืชื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื”ืฉื ื™ ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ื’ืœื•ืช ื•ื’ืื•ืœื”. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื”ืงื‘ืœื” ื–ื• ืื™ื ื” ืคืฉื˜ื ื™ืช ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืจืื” ื‘ืžื‘ื˜ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขื•ื ื” ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ื—ื•ืจื’ ืžื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ื–ื•.




^ 1.ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื—ื•ืœ ื”ืžื•ืขื“, ืžืŸ ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ืืžื•ืจ ื ืจืื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืžืงืจื ืงื•ื“ืฉ: ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื—ื’ ื”ืคืกื— ื ืืžืจ "ื‘ึผึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึธืจึดืืฉืื•ึนืŸ ืžึดืงึฐืจึธื ืงื“ึถืฉื... ื•ึฐื”ึดืงึฐืจึทื‘ึฐืชึผึถื ืึดืฉึผืึถื” ืœึทื”' ืฉืึดื‘ึฐืขึทืช ื™ึธืžึดื™ื ื‘ึผึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึผืึฐื‘ึดื™ืขึดื™ ืžึดืงึฐืจึธื ืงื“ึถืฉื", ื•ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื›ืš ื‘ืชื™ืื•ืจ ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ืฉื. ืื•ืœื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–"ืœ ื‘ื›ืžื” ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืขื•ืœื” ืฉื’ื ื—ื•ืœ ื”ืžื•ืขื“ ื”ื•ื ืžืงืจื ืงื•ื“ืฉ (ืจืื” ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื‘ืžื›ื™ืœืชื ืคืจืฉื” ื˜' ื•ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ื—ื’ื™ื’ื” ื™ื— ื). ืขื™ื•ืŸ ืจื—ื‘ ื‘ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื—ื•ืจื’ ืžื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ื–ื•, ื•ื›ืืŸ ื ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืจืง ืืช ื”ืžืกืงื ื” ืœืคื™ื” ื—ื•ืœ ื”ืžื•ืขื“ ืื™ื ื• ืžืงืจื ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืžืฆื“ ืขืฆืžื•, ืืœื ืžืฆื“ ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžื•ืขื“ ื›ื•ืœื•. ื•ื›ืš ืื›ืŸ ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ (ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืœื), ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื—ื•ืœ ื”ืžื•ืขื“ ืžืขืฆืžื• ื›ืœื•ื, ืืœื ืžืื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘. ื•ื›ืš ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ "ื—ื•ืœื• ืฉืœ ืžื•ืขื“ ื“ืœื ืื™ืงืจื™ ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืŸ ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ื“ื“ืจื•ืขื ื“ื”ื ืœื™ืช ืœื” ืœืกื™ื”ืจื ืžื’ืจืžื ื›ืœื•ื ืืœื ืžื ื”ื™ืจื• ื“ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘".
^ 2.ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืœืžื•ืขื“ื™ื, ื ืืกืคื• ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื โ€“ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื (ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžืช 'ื“ืฉื'), ื”ืฆื™ืจื•ืคื™ื (ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžืช 'ืคืจื™ ืขืฅ') ื•ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื (ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžืช 'ื ืชื™ื ืช ื”ืฆื•ืžื— ืœืื“ื') โ€“ ื”ื›ืœื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื”, ืœืžืขื˜ ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื ืชื“ื™ืจ ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื•ืื™ื ื ืžื™ื™ื—ื“ื™ื ื™ื•ื ืžืกื•ื™ื. ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ื ืขืจื›ื” ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื”ืื ื”ื•ื ืžืืคื™ื™ืŸ (ืœืฉื•ื ื™ืช ืื• ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ืช) ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžื•ืขื“ ื–ื” ืžืชื•ืืจ ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืชื•ืจื”.
^ 3.ื”ื‘ื“ืœืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื ื’ื ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื“ืœืช ื”ืื“ื ื”ืžื•ืจื“ ื‘ื”' ืœื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ: "ื•ึฐื”ึดื‘ึฐื“ึผึดื™ืœื•ึน ื”' ืœึฐืจึธืขึธื” ืžึดื›ึผืœ ืฉืึดื‘ึฐื˜ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื›ึผึฐื›ืœ ืึธืœื•ึนืช ื”ึทื‘ึผึฐืจึดื™ืช ื”ึทื›ึผึฐืชื•ึผื‘ึธื” ื‘ึผึฐืกึตืคึถืจ ื”ึทืชึผื•ึนืจึธื” ื”ึทื–ึผึถื”" (ืคืจืฉืช ื ื™ืฆื‘ื™ื). ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœื” ื”ื ื•ืกืคืช ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ื˜ ืœื•ื™ ืœืฉืืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœ: "ื”ึทืžึฐืขึทื˜ ืžึดื›ึผึถื ื›ึผึดื™ ื”ึดื‘ึฐื“ึผึดื™ืœ ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืึถืชึฐื›ึถื ืžึตืขึฒื“ึทืช ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ" (ืคืจืฉืช ืงื•ืจื—).
^ 4.ืคืกื•ืง ื–ื” ื ืืžืจ ื‘ืชื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™, ืื•ืœื ืœืคื™ ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื” ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืžื”ื”ื™ื’ื“ "ื•ื™ืจื ืืœื”ื™ื ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘" ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื”, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืจืฉ"ื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœ'ืžืœืื›ืช ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื ื™'. ื•ืื›ืž"ืœ.
^ 5.ืจืื” ืœืžืขืœื”, ื”ืขืจื” 25.
^ 6.ืจืื• ื‘ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ,
https://www.yeshiva.org.il/midrash/12147
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il