ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ืœื•ื— ืฉื ื” ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช

ื”ืงื“ืฉืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืืชืจ

ื”ืงื“ืฉ

ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
 ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืกืคืจื™ื”
  • ืคื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืœื›ื”
  • ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ื‘ ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืžื˜ื‘ื—
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
  • ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืžื“ื™ื ื”
  • ื›ืฉืจื•ืช
  • ื“ื™ื ื™ ื›ืฉืจื•ืช
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31 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ืืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขืกื“ืจื•ืชืกืคืจื™ื”ืคืกืงื™ ื“ื™ืŸื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš
ื - ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื“ื
ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ื”ื™ืชืจ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืฉืจ ืฉืœื ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืงืจื‘ืŸ, ื ืืกืจ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืืช ื”ื“ื, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื‘, ื›-ื›ื’): "ื›ึผึดื™ ื™ึทืจึฐื—ึดื™ื‘ ื”' ืึฑืœื•ึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ ืึถืช ื’ึผึฐื‘ึปืœึฐืšึธ ื›ึผึทืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื“ึผึดื‘ึผึถืจ ืœึธืšึฐ ื•ึฐืึธืžึทืจึฐืชึผึธ ืึนื›ึฐืœึธื” ื‘ึธืฉื‚ึธืจ... ื•ึฐื–ึธื‘ึทื—ึฐืชึผึธ (ืชืฉื—ื˜) ืžึดื‘ึผึฐืงึธืจึฐืšึธ ื•ึผืžึดืฆึผึนืื ึฐืšึธ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื ึธืชึทืŸ ื”' ืœึฐืšึธ ื›ึผึทืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืฆึดื•ึผึดื™ืชึดืšึธ, ื•ึฐืึธื›ึทืœึฐืชึผึธ ื‘ึผึดืฉืึฐืขึธืจึถื™ืšึธ ื‘ึผึฐื›ึนืœ ืึทื•ึผึทืช ื ึทืคึฐืฉืึถืšึธ... ืจึทืง ื—ึฒื–ึทืง ืœึฐื‘ึดืœึฐืชึผึดื™ ืึฒื›ึนืœ ื”ึทื“ึผึธื, ื›ึผึดื™ ื”ึทื“ึผึธื ื”ื•ึผื ื”ึทื ึผึธืคึถืฉื ื•ึฐืœึนื ืชึนืื›ึทืœ ื”ึทื ึผึถืคึถืฉื ืขึดื ื”ึทื‘ึผึธืฉื‚ึธืจ..." ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืœื“ื ื™ืฉ ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“, ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื ืคืฉื• ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืืฃ ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืชื™ืจื” ืœื ื• ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืฉืจ, ืœื ื”ืชื™ืจื” ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืืช ื”ื“ื.
ื™ืฉื ื ืฉื ื™ ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ื“ื: 'ื“ื ื”ื ืคืฉ' ื•ืฉืืจ ื”ื“ื. 'ื“ื ื”ื ืคืฉ' ื”ื•ื ื”ื“ื ื”ืžืงืœื— ื‘ื—ื–ืงื” ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืฉื—ื™ื˜ื” ืฉื”ื ืฉืžื” ื™ื•ืฆืืช ื‘ื•, ืฉื”ืื•ื›ืœื• ื‘ืžื–ื™ื“ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื›ืจืช, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ืžืฉืืจ ื”ื“ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืžืœืงื•ืช (ื›ืจื™ืชื•ืช ื›, ื‘; ืฉื•"ืข ืกื–, ื). ื‘'ื“ื ื”ื ืคืฉ' ื‘ื•ืœื˜ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืงืจื™ื‘ื™ื ืงืจื‘ืŸ - ืžืžื ื• ืžื–ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ื›ื“ื™ ืœื›ืคืจ ืขืœ ื”ื ืคืฉ. ื ืžืฆื ืฉื”ืื•ื›ืœื• ืคื•ื’ืข ื’ื ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืžื™ื™ื, ืฉื”ื•ื ืื•ื›ืœ ืืช ื”ื“ื ืฉื”ื™ื” ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื–ื•ืช ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื—. ืฉื ืืžืจ ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื”ืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื™ื–, ื™-ื™ื): "ื•ึฐืึดื™ืฉื ืึดื™ืฉื ืžึดื‘ึผึตื™ืช ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื•ึผืžึดืŸ ื”ึทื’ึผึตืจ ื”ึทื’ึผึธืจ ื‘ึผึฐืชื•ึนื›ึธื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื™ึนืื›ึทืœ ื›ึผึธืœ ื“ึผึธื, ื•ึฐื ึธืชึทืชึผึดื™ ืคึธื ึทื™ ื‘ึผึทื ึผึถืคึถืฉื ื”ึธืึนื›ึถืœึถืช ืึถืช ื”ึทื“ึผึธื ื•ึฐื”ึดื›ึฐืจึทืชึผึดื™ ืึนืชึธื”ึผ ืžึดืงึผึถืจึถื‘ ืขึทืžึผึธื”ึผ. ื›ึผึดื™ ื ึถืคึถืฉื ื”ึทื‘ึผึธืฉื‚ึธืจ ื‘ึผึทื“ึผึธื ื”ึดื•ื, ื•ึทืึฒื ึดื™ ื ึฐืชึทืชึผึดื™ื• ืœึธื›ึถื ืขึทืœ ื”ึทืžึผึดื–ึฐื‘ึผึตื—ึท ืœึฐื›ึทืคึผึตืจ ืขึทืœ ื ึทืคึฐืฉืึนืชึตื™ื›ึถื, ื›ึผึดื™ ื”ึทื“ึผึธื ื”ื•ึผื ื‘ึผึทื ึผึถืคึถืฉื ื™ึฐื›ึทืคึผึตืจ".
ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื“ื ื ื•ืขื“ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื ืคืฉื ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืœื ืœืฆื•ืจื›ื™ ืื›ื™ืœืช ื”ืื“ื, ื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉื”ืื•ื›ืœ ื“ื ืขืœื•ืœ ืœืกื’ืœ ื‘ื ืคืฉื• ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืžื™ื•ืช ื•ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืื›ื–ืจื™ื•ืช (ืจืžื‘"ืŸ, ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืงืž"ื—). 1

ื‘ - ื’ื“ืจื™ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื“ื
ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื“ื ื—ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ื”ืžืคื•ืชื—ื™ื: ื‘ื”ืžื”, ื—ื™ื” ื•ืขื•ืฃ, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื–, ื›ื•) "ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ื“ึผึธื ืœึนื ืชึนืื›ึฐืœื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐื›ึนืœ ืžื•ึนืฉืึฐื‘ึนืชึตื™ื›ึถื ืœึธืขื•ึนืฃ ื•ึฐืœึทื‘ึผึฐื”ึตืžึธื”", ื—ื™ื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื”ืžื” (ื›ืจื™ืชื•ืช ื›ื, ื‘). ืื•ืœื ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ื”ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืคื•ืชื—ื™ื, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื“ื’ื™ื ื•ื—ื’ื‘ื™ื - ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื“ื. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื“ื ื—ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืฉื—ื™ื˜ื”, ื•ืœื ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืฉื—ื™ื˜ื”. ื›ืคื™ ืฉืœืžื“ื ื• (ืœืขื™ืœ ื™ื—, ื™ื), ืื—ื“ ื”ื˜ืขืžื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉื—ื™ื˜ื”, ืœืžืขื˜ ื‘ืฆืขืจื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืื•ื›ืœื™ื ืืช ื‘ืฉืจื, ื•ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื—ืœื” ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžื•ื— ื•ื”ืขืฆื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ืžืคื•ืชื—ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื’ื ื—ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฆืขืจ. ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ื”ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืคื•ืชื—ื™ื, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื“ื’ื™ื ื•ื—ื’ื‘ื™ื, ื—ืฉื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช ืฆืขืจ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœืฉื•ื—ื˜ื ื•ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืืช ื“ืžื.
ื”ื“ื ืฉื‘ืœื•ืข ื‘ื‘ืฉืจ ื›ื“ืจืš ื˜ื‘ืขื• - ืžื•ืชืจ ื‘ืื›ื™ืœื”. ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื—ืชื™ื›ืช ื‘ืฉืจ ื—ื™. ืืžื ื ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืขืช ื—ื™ืชื•ืš ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื‘ืฆื‘ืฅ ื“ื ืขืœ ืžืงื•ื ื”ื—ืชืš, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉื˜ื•ืฃ ืืช ืžืงื•ื ื”ื—ืชืš ื•ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืื•ื›ืœื• ื—ื™ ื‘ืœื ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ื ื•ืกืคืช (ืฉื•"ืข ืกื–, ื-ื‘). 2
ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื‘ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ืฉืจ ืฉืœื ื”ื•ื›ืฉืจ - ื›ื•ืœื• ื ืืกืจ ืžื—ืžืช ื”ื“ื ืฉื™ื•ืฆื ืžืžื ื• ื‘ืขืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ ื•ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืœื”ื™ื‘ืœืข ื‘ื•. ื•ืื ื‘ื™ืฉืœื• ื—ืชื™ื›ื” ื–ื• ื‘ืชื•ืš ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœ, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืฉืขืจ ื›ืžื” ื“ื ื™ืฉ ื‘ื”, ืžื—ืžื™ืจื™ื ืœื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ ืืช ื›ื•ืœื” ื›ื“ื, ื•ื›ืœ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœ ืคื™ ืฉื™ืฉื™ื ื›ื ื’ื“ื”, ื›ืœ ื”ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœ ืืกื•ืจ (ืฉื•"ืข ืกื˜, ื™ื). 3
ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื›ืฉื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืœืคื ื™ ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœื•. ืืžื ื ืœื“ืขืช ืจื•ื‘ื ื”ืžื›ืจื™ืข ืฉืœ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ื”ื›ืฉืจืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื ื•ืขื“ื” ืœืžื ื•ืข ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ืฉื›ืŸ ื“ื ืฉื”ืชื‘ืฉืœ ืื• ืฉื ืžืœื— ืืกื•ืจ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืฉืชื ื” ืžื˜ื‘ืขื• ื•ืื™ื ื• ื›ืฉืจ ืœื”ื–ืื” ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื—. 4

ื’ - ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ื›ืฉืจืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืžื“ื
ืืจื‘ืขื” ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœื”ื›ืฉืจืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืžื”ื“ื ืฉื‘ื•: ื) ืžืœื™ื—ื”,
ื‘) ืฆืœื™ื™ื”, ื’) ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืจื•ืชื—ื™ื, ื“) ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ื—ื•ืžืฅ ื™ื™ืŸ.
ื”ืžืœื™ื—ื” ื•ื”ืฆืœื™ื™ื” ื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ื ืžื”ื‘ืฉืจ. ื”ืžืœื™ื—ื”, ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืœื— ืฉืฉื•ืื‘ ืืช ื”ื“ื ืžื”ื‘ืฉืจ. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื”ืฆืœื™ื™ื” ืฉื•ืื‘ืช ืืช ื”ื ื•ื–ืœื™ื ื•ื”ื“ื ืžื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ืฉื•ืจืคืช ืื•ืชื. ื•ืืžื ื ื’ื ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืฉืœืžืช ื”ืžืœื™ื—ื” ืื• ื”ืฆืœื™ื™ื” ืขื•ื“ ื ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื‘ืฉืจ ื ื•ื–ืœ ืื“ื•ื, ืื•ืœื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื•ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื“ื ืืœื 'ื—ึตืžึธืจ ื‘ืฉืจ' (ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉืจ). ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ื’ื ืื ื ืืžืจ ืฉื”ืžืœื™ื—ื” ืื• ื”ืฆืœื™ื™ื” ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื‘ืฉืจ, ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืงื™ื™ืžื• ืืช ื”ืžืœื™ื—ื” ืื• ื”ืฆืœื™ื™ื” ื›ื“ื™ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ื”ืœ ื”ืื“ื•ื ืฉื ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื‘ืฉืœื•, ืฉื›ืŸ ืœื ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืื™ืกื•ืจ ื“ื ื™ื—ื•ืœ ืขืœ ื“ื ืฉื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืื™ื ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืžื”ื‘ืฉืจ, ืฉืœื ื ื™ืชื ื” ืชื•ืจื” ืœืžืœืื›ื™ ื”ืฉืจืช. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš, ืœื“ืขืช ืจื•ื‘ื ื”ืžื›ืจื™ืข ืฉืœ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื, ื“ื ืฉื ืžืœื— ืื• ืฉื”ืชื‘ืฉืœ ืืกื•ืจ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื•ื”ื ื”ื•ืจื• ืฉืื—ืจ ืžืœื™ื—ื” ืื• ืฆืœื™ื™ื” ื›ื“ื™ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืœื—ืฉื•ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื“ื ืฉื ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื‘ืฉืจ, ื•ืื ื”ื•ื ื–ื‘ ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” - ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืื•ื›ืœื• (ืจ"ืŸ). 5
ืœืขื•ืžืช ื”ืžืœื™ื—ื” ื•ื”ืฆืœื™ื™ื” ืฉืฉื•ืื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ื ืžื”ื‘ืฉืจ, ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืจื•ืชื—ื™ื ืื• ื‘ื—ื•ืžืฅ ืœื ื ื•ืขื“ื” ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ื ืžื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืืœื ืœื”ืฆืžื™ืชื• ืืœ ื”ื‘ืฉืจ, ืขื“ ืฉื”ื“ื ืฉื‘ืœื•ืข ื‘ื‘ืฉืจ ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื–ื•ื– ืžืžืงื•ืžื• ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ. ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื“ื ืฉื‘ืœื•ืข ื‘ื‘ืฉืจ, ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืœื‘ืฉืœ ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ.
ืื•ืœื ื”ื’ืื•ื ื™ื ืืกืจื• ืœื”ื›ืฉื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื‘ื—ืœื™ื˜ื”, ืฉืžื ืœื ื™ื—ืœื˜ื• ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘. ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืžื™ื ืจื•ืชื—ื™ื ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื ื™ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœื”ืฆืžื™ืช ืืช ื”ื“ื ืœื‘ืฉืจ ื‘ืžื›ืช ื—ื•ื ื—ื–ืงื”, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ืžื™ื ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืจื•ืชื—ื™ื ืžืกืคื™ืง, ืื• ืฉืœื ื™ื›ื ื™ืกื• ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื‘ื‘ืช ืื—ืช ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืžื™ื, ืื• ืฉื”ืžื™ื ื”ืจื•ืชื—ื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื›ืžื•ืช ืžืขื˜ื” ืœืขื•ืžืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ - ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื ืœื”ืฆืžื™ืช ืืช ื”ื“ื ืœื‘ืฉืจ. ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ื—ื•ืžืฅ, ื™ืฉ ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉื”ื—ื•ืžืฅ ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืกืคื™ืง ื—ื–ืง ืœื›ืš. ืขื•ื“ ื™ืฉ ืœื—ืฉื•ืฉ, ืฉืžื ื”ื—ื•ืžืฅ ื™ืชืื“ื ืžืขื˜, ื•ื–ื” ืกื™ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื” ื•ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืžืฅ ื ืืกืจื•, ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืœื ื™ื‘ื—ื™ื ื• ื‘ื›ืš (ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืงื™ื, ื; ืฉื•"ืข ืกื–, ื”; ืขื’, ื‘). ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ื”ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื‘ืฉืœ ื‘ืฉืจ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื›ืฉื™ืจื• ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ืžืœื™ื—ื” ืื• ื‘ืฆืœื™ื™ื”. 6

ื“ - ื”ื›ื ืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืœืžืœื™ื—ื”
ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ืคืจื˜ ืืช ืกื“ืจ ื”ืžืœื™ื—ื” ืขืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ืฉืœื‘ื™ื•: ื”ื“ื—ื”, ืžืœื™ื—ื” ื•ื”ื“ื—ื”, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงื“ื™ื ืฉื”ืžืœื™ื—ื” ืžื•ืขื™ืœื” ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ื ื”ื‘ืœื•ืข ื‘ื‘ืฉืจ, ืื‘ืœ ืื™ื ื” ืžื•ืขื™ืœื” ืœื“ื ืฉื›ื ื•ืก ื•ื ื™ื›ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืš ืฆื™ื ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื“ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืืœื• ืฉื‘ื›ืชืฃ ื•ื‘ืœื—ื™ ื•ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ, ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื“ื ื–ื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ื›ื ื•ืก ื•ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ื›ืœื™. ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ื•ืชื›ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžืœื™ื—ื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื“ื ืฉื›ื ื•ืก ื‘ื”ื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฆืืช (ืฉื•"ืข ืกื”, ื). ื”ืžืœื™ื—ื” ื’ื ืื™ื ื” ืžื•ืขื™ืœื” ืœืฆื™ื ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื“ื ืฉื‘ืงืจื•ืžื™ ื”ืžื•ื— ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื™ ื”ื–ื›ืจ, ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืกื™ืจื ืื• ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืœื—ื•ืชื›ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื“ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฆืืช ื‘ืžืœื™ื—ื” (ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืฆื’, ื).
ื‘ืฉืจ ืฉื ืฆืจืจ ื‘ื• ื“ื ืžื—ืžืช ืžื›ื” ืขื“ ืฉื”ืชืื“ื, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ื•ืชื›ื• ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžืœื™ื—ื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืคืชื— ืœื“ื ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฆืืช ื“ืจื›ื•. ื•ืื ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืžืœื™ื—ื” ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืขื•ื“ ื™ื™ืฉืืจ ืื“ื•ื, ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ื” ืื™ืกื•ืจ. ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื‘ืฆืœื™ื”, ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื—ืชื•ืš ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ, ื›ื™ ื‘ื›ื•ื— ื”ืฆืœื™ื™ื” ืœืฉืื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ื“ื ืฉื ืฆืจืจ ื‘ืœื ื—ืชืš (ืฉื•"ืข ืกื–, ื“, ื›ื”"ื— ื˜ื–).
ื”ื•ืจื• ื”ื’ืื•ื ื™ื ืฉื”ืžืœื™ื—ื” ืžื•ืขื™ืœื” ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืฉืœื ื™ืขื‘ืจื• ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื™ืžืžื•ืช (72 ืฉืขื•ืช) ืžืขืช ื”ืฉื—ื™ื˜ื”. ืื‘ืœ ืื ืขื‘ืจื•, ื™ืฉ ืœื—ืฉื•ืฉ ืฉื”ื“ื ืฉื‘ื‘ืฉืจ ื”ืชื™ื™ื‘ืฉ ืขื“ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ื•ื— ื”ืžืœื™ื—ื” ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ืื•. ื•ืจืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฆืœื™ื™ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื›ืฉื™ืจื•, ื›ื™ ืžื” ืฉื”ืฆืœื™ื™ื” ืœื ืชื•ืฆื™ื - ื’ื ืœื ื™ืฆื ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ. ืื‘ืœ ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืื™ืŸ ืœื‘ืฉืœ ืืช ื”ืฆืœื™ ื”ื–ื”, ืฉืžื ื ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื‘ืฉืจ ื“ื ืฉื”ืฆืœื™ื™ื” ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื, ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ืฆื ื‘ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ. ื•ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“, ืื ื‘ื™ืฉืœื•ื”ื• ืื—ืจ ืฆืœื™ื™ื” - ื›ืฉืจ. ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืžื›ืฉื•ืœ ื•ื™ื›ืฉื™ืจื• ื‘ืžืœื™ื—ื” ื‘ืฉืจ ืฉืฉื”ื” ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื™ืžืžื•ืช, ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื™ื–ื”ืจ ืฉืœื ืœื”ืฉื”ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื™ืžืžื•ืช (ืฉื•"ืข ื•ืจืž"ื ืกื˜, ื™ื‘). ื›ื‘ื“ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืฉื”ื•ืช, ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ื”ื›ืฉืจืชื• ื‘ืฆืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“ (ื—ืžื•ื“ื™ ื“ื ื™ืืœ, ืคืช"ืฉ ื›ื•).
ืื ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื™ืขื‘ืจื• ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื™ืžืžื•ืช ื™ืฉืจื• ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืžื™ื, ื™ืขืฆืจื• ืืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชื™ื™ื‘ืฉื•ืช ื”ื“ื, ื•ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื›ืฉื™ืจื• ื‘ืžืœื™ื—ื” ืขื•ื“ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื™ืžืžื•ืช. ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“, ืื ื™ืกื™ืจื• ืžืžื ื• ืืช ื—ื•ื˜ื™ ื”ื“ื, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืกืชืคืง ื‘ืฉื˜ื™ืคืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ืืช ืžืœื™ื—ืชื• ืœืžืฉืš ืขื•ื“ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื™ืžืžื•ืช (ืฉื•"ืข ืกื˜, ื™ื’; ื˜"ื– ืœื’).
ื™ืฉ ืื•ืกืจื™ื ืœื”ืฉื”ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื™ืžืžื•ืช ื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื•ื ืงืคื•ื, ืžื—ืฉืฉ ืฉืžื ื’ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื”ืงืคืื” ื”ื“ื ืžืชื™ื™ื‘ืฉ ื•ื ื“ื‘ืง ืœื‘ืฉืจ (ื™ืฉื›ื™ืœ ืขื‘ื“ื™ ื—"ื ื™ื•"ื“ ื’; ืฉื‘ื˜ ื”ืœื•ื™ ื‘, ื›ื”). ืื•ืœื ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ื”ืงืคืื” ื”ื“ื ืื™ื ื• ืžืชื™ื™ื‘ืฉ ืืœื ืงื•ืคื, ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืงืคื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืœืžืฉืš ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืืจื•ื›ื™ื ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืœืžื•ืœื—ื•, ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ืžืฉืš ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื”ืงืคืื” ืื™ื ื• ืžืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ื™ืžืžื•ืช (ืขืจื•ื”"ืฉ ืกื˜, ืขื˜; ื™ื“ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื ื˜; ื™ื‘ื™"ื ื—"ื‘ ื™ื•"ื“ ื“; ื–, ื“).
ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืงืคื•ื, ื”ืžืœื™ื—ื” ื•ื”ืฆืœื™ื™ื” ืื™ื ืŸ ืžื•ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืœื•, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืฉืื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ื“ื ืฉื‘ื•. ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืฉื™ืจื• ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืฉืจื•ืชื• ื‘ืžื™ื ื—ืžื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื“ ืกื•ืœื“ืช ื‘ื”ื, ืื‘ืœ ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืฉืจื•ืชื• ื‘ืžื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื“ ืกื•ืœื“ืช ื‘ื”ื, ืฉืžื ื™ื‘ืฉืœื• ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื™ื‘ืœื™ืขื• ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ื“ื ืขื“ ืฉื™ืืกืจ (ื‘"ื™ ืกื˜, ื).

ื” - ื”ื“ื—ื”
ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื›ืฉืจื”: ื”ื“ื—ื”, ืžืœื™ื—ื” ื•ื”ื“ื—ื”, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื: ืื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื™ื•ืฆื ืžื™ื“ื™ ื“ืžื•, ืืœื ืื ื›ืŸ ืžื“ื™ื—ื• ื‘ืžื™ื, ื•ืžื•ืœื—ื• ื‘ืžืœื— ื™ืคื” ื™ืคื”, ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื“ื™ื—ื• ื‘ืžื™ื ื™ืคื” ื™ืคื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืกื™ืจ ืžืžื ื• ืืช ื”ืžืœื— ืขื ื”ื“ื ืฉื‘ื• (ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืงื™ื’, ื).
ื›ืžื” ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื”ื“ื—ื” ืฉืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžืœื™ื—ื”: ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจื›ืš ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืืช ืคื ื™ื•, ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื“ื ืœื–ื•ื‘ ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” ื‘ื™ืชืจ ืงืœื•ืช (ืจ"ืŸ ื•ื”ื’ื”ื•ืช ืฉืขืจื™ ื“ื•ืจื). ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ืจื™ื›ื•ืš ื™ื”ื™ื” ืขืžื•ืง, ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื‘ืžื™ื ืœืžืฉืš ื—ืฆื™ ืฉืขื”. ืืžื ื ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื“ื—ืง ื›ืฉืื™ืŸ ื–ืžืŸ ืœื›ืš, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืกืชืคืง ื‘ืฉื˜ื™ืคื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” (ืจืž"ื ืกื˜, ื). ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš, ืื ืœื ื™ืฉื˜ืคื• ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืžื”ื“ื ืฉืขืœื™ื•, ื™ืฉ ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉื”ืžืœื— ื™ืกืคื•ื’ ืืช ื”ื“ื ืฉืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ืœื ื™ื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ื• ื›ื•ื— ืœืฉืื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ื“ื ืฉื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื‘ืฉืจ (ืจืื‘ื™"ื” ื•ืจืื‘"ืŸ).
ืกื™ื‘ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช, ืื•ืœื™ ื“ื‘ื•ืง ืœื‘ืฉืจ ืžืžืฉื•ืช ื“ื, ื•ืื ืœื ื™ืกื™ืจื•ื”ื• ื‘ื”ื“ื—ื”, ื™ืฉ ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ืžืœื— ื™ืฉืื‘ ืืช ื”ื“ื ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื‘ืฉืจ, ื™ื‘ืœื™ืข ืืช ื”ื“ื ืฉืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืœืชื•ื›ื• ื‘ื›ื•ื— ืฉื“ื•ืžื” ืœื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ, ืฉื›ืŸ ืœืžืœื— ื™ืฉ ืชื›ื•ื ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืžื‘ืฉืœ ื›ืขื™ืŸ 'ืจื•ืชื—' (ืœื”ืœืŸ ืœื”, ื—), ื•ืื–ื™ ื”ืžืœื™ื—ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ื ืžื”ื‘ืฉืจ (ืกืž"ื’ ื•ืกืž"ืง). ืืžื ื ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื“ื—ืง ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืกืจื™ื ื‘ืฉืจ ืฉื ืžืœื— ื‘ืœื ืฉื˜ื™ืคื” ืชื—ื™ืœื”, ืืœื ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœืฉื•ื˜ืคื• ื•ืœืžื•ืœื—ื• (ืฉื•"ืข ื•ืจืž"ื ืกื˜, ื‘). 7
ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžืœื™ื—ื” ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืžืชื™ืŸ ืขื“ ืฉื”ืžื™ื ื™ื˜ืคื˜ืคื• ืžื”ื‘ืฉืจ, ืฉืื ืœื ื›ืŸ, ื”ืžื™ื ื™ืžื™ืกื• ืืช ื”ืžืœื— ื•ื™ื™ื–ืœื• ืžื”ื‘ืฉืจ, ื•ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื›ื•ื— ื”ืžืœื— ืฉื ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืœืฉืื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ื“ื ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื‘ืฉืจ. ืื‘ืœ ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืžืชื™ืŸ ืขื“ ืฉื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื™ืชื™ื™ื‘ืฉ, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื– ื”ืžืœื— ืœื ื™ื™ื“ื‘ืง ืœื‘ืฉืจ ื•ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉืื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ื“ื (ืจืž"ื ืกื˜, ื; ืฉ"ืš ื•ื˜"ื–).

ื• - ื”ืžืœื™ื—ื”
ืžืคื–ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืžืœื— ืขื“ ืฉืœื ื™ื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ื• ืžืงื•ื ื ื™ื›ืจ ืžื‘ืœื™ ืžืœื—, ื•ืžื•ืœื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืขื“ ืฉื™ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืฆื‘ ืฉืžืจื•ื‘ ืžืœื™ื—ื•ืชื• ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืจืื•ื™ ืœืื›ื™ืœื”, ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ.
ื”ืžืœื— ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™, ืฉืื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื“ืง ื›ืงืžื—, ื™ืฉ ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉื™ื™ืกืคื’ ื‘ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื™ืื‘ื“ ืืช ื›ื•ื— ืฉืื™ื‘ืชื•, ื•ืื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื’ืก ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื™ืฉ ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉื™ื™ืคื•ืœ ืžื”ื‘ืฉืจ (ืฉื•"ืข ืกื˜, ื’). ื”ืžืœื— ื”ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื ืงืจื 'ืžืœื— ื’ืก ืœื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ'. ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื’ื ื‘ืžืœื— ื“ืง ื›ืงืžื— (ืจืž"ื), ื•ืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ ื‘ืžืœื— ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ ืฉืœื ื• ืฉืื™ื ื• ื“ืง ื›ืงืžื—.
ืžื•ืœื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืžื›ืœ ืฆื“ื“ื™ื•, ื•ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“, ืื ืžืœื—ื• ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื•ื‘ื™ืฉืœื• ืื•ืชื• - ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืžื•ืชืจ. ื”ืžืœื™ื—ื” ืžื›ืœ ืฆื“ื“ื™ ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืื™ื ื” ืžื•ืขื™ืœื” ืœืื™ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืžืœื™ื—ื” ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื•. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ืขื•ืฃ, ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื ืืช ื”ืื™ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื, ื•ืžื•ืœื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื•ืฃ ืžื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ื•ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื, ื•ืžื•ืœื—ื™ื ื‘ื ืคืจื“ ืืช ื”ืื™ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืžื›ืœ ืฆื“ื“ื™ื”ื. 8
ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื”ื ืžืœื— ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื ื— ืขืœ ื›ืœื™ ืžื ื•ืงื‘ ืื• ืขืœ ืžื’ืฉ ืฉืžื•ื ื— ื‘ืฉื™ืคื•ืข, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื“ื ืฉื™ืฆื ืžื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื™ื˜ืคื˜ืฃ ืœืžื˜ื” ืื• ื™ื–ืจื•ื ื‘ืžื•ืจื“ ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ืข, ืฉืื ื™ื™ืฉืืจ ืฆืžื•ื“ ืœื‘ืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ื‘ืœืข ื‘ื•, ื•ื’ื ื™ืฉ ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉื™ื—ืกื•ื ืืช ื“ืจืš ื™ืฆื™ืืช ื”ื“ื ืฉืขื•ื“ ื ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื‘ืฉืจ ืžืœืฆืืช (ืฉื•"ืข ืกื˜, ื˜ื–-ื™ื—). 9
ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืฉื”ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื‘ืžืœื— ืœืžืฉืš ืฉืขื”, ื•ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืกืชืคืง ื‘ืฉื”ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืขืฉืจื” ื“ืงื•ืช. ื•ืื ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืขืžื“ ื‘ืžืœื—ื• ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืฉืžื•ื ื” ืขืฉืจื” ื“ืงื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ืฉืœื• ืื•ืชื•, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืขื•ื“ ื ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื• ื“ื, ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื ืืกืจ ื‘ืื›ื™ืœื” (ืฉื•"ืข ืกื˜, ื•; ืจืž"ื ื™ื, ื˜"ื– ืœ).
ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื—ืชื™ื›ืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืงื˜ื ื” ื›ื–ื™ืช ืื• ืขื‘ื” ื—ืฆื™ ืžื˜ืจ, ืžืฉื”ื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื‘ืžืœื—ื• ืœืžืฉืš ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ, ืฉืœื ื—ื™ืœืงื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื”ื. ืฉื”ืžืœื— ืฉื•ืื‘ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื–ืจื•ื ืžืžื ื• ื‘ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ื•ืช, ื•ื”ื ื•ื–ืœื™ื ืฉืœื ื™ื™ืฉืื‘ื• ืžืžื ื•, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืฆื‘ืขื ืื“ื•ื, ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ืื™ื ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื“ื. 10
ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืœื•ื— ื—ืชื™ื›ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ืœื”ื ื™ื—ืŸ ื‘ืขืจื™ืžื” ื–ื• ืขืœ ื–ื• ืขื“ ืฉื”ื“ื ื™ืฆื ืžื”ื. ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ืŸ ื—ืชื™ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืจ ืฉื•ืจ ืฉืคื•ืœื˜ื•ืช ื“ื ืจื‘ ื•ื—ืชื™ื›ื•ืช ืขื•ืฃ ืฉืคื•ืœื˜ื•ืช ื“ื ืžื•ืขื˜, ืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื“ื ืฉื™ืฆื ืžื‘ืฉืจ ื”ืฉื•ืจ ื™ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื‘ืฉืจ ื”ืขื•ืฃ, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืคื•ืœื˜ ืืช ื“ืžื• ืื• ืืช ื”ืฆื™ืจ ืฉื™ื•ืฆื ืžืžื ื• ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉืชื™ื ืขืฉืจื” ืฉืขื•ืช ืžื”ืžืœื™ื—ื”, ื•ื›ืœ ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื•ืœืข ื“ื ืฉื–ื‘ ืขืœื™ื•. ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขืจื™ืžื” ื—ืชื™ื›ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืช ืงื™ื‘ื•ืœ ื•ืžืชืงื‘ืฅ ื‘ื” ื“ื ืฉื–ื‘ ืžื—ืชื™ื›ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช, ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื ืืกืจืช, ื•ืื—ืจ ื”ืžืœื™ื—ื” ื™ื“ื™ื—ื• ืื•ืชื” ื›ืžื• ืืช ืฉืืจ ื”ื—ืชื™ื›ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืชื•ื›ืฉืจ. ืืœื ืฉืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ื—ืชื™ื›ืช ื‘ืฉืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืช ืงื™ื‘ื•ืœ ื›ืœืคื™ ืžื˜ื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ืชืงื‘ืฅ ื‘ื” ื“ื ืฉื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ืžืœื™ื—ื” (ืฉื•"ืข ื•ืจืž"ื ืข, ื; ื”-ื•).

ื– - ื”ื”ื“ื—ื” ืฉืœืื—ืจ ื”ืžืœื™ื—ื”
ืœืื—ืจ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืžืœื™ื—ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื“ื™ื— ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื‘ืžื™ื, ื•ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื•ืจื• ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืœื”ื“ื™ื— ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื‘ืžื™ื ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื, ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ื‘ืžื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื ืฉืืจื™ื•ืช ื“ื. ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉื•ื˜ืคื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื‘ื–ืจื ืžื™ื ืžื”ื‘ืจื–, ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื, ืืœื ื™ืฉ ืœืฉื•ื˜ืคื• ืขื“ ืฉืœื ื™ื™ืฉืืจ ืขืœื™ื• ืฉืžืฅ ื“ื ื•ืžืœื—. 11
ื”ืžืœื— ืฉืžืœื—ื• ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ, ื’ื ืื ื”ืชื™ื™ื‘ืฉ ื•ืœื ื ื™ื›ืจ ืฉื‘ืœื•ืข ื‘ื• ื“ื, ืืกื•ืจ ื‘ืื›ื™ืœื” ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœืžืœื•ื— ื‘ื• ื‘ืฉืจ ื ื•ืกืฃ (ืจืž"ื ืกื˜, ื˜).
ื‘ืฉืจ ืฉื ืžืœื— ื›ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื–ื‘ ืžืžื ื• ื ื•ื–ืœ ืื“ื•ื, ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ืื™ื ื• ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื“ื ืืœื 'ื—ึตืžึธืจ ื‘ืฉืจ' (ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉืจ), ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžื•ื”ืœ ืื“ื•ื ืฉื™ื•ืฆื ืžื”ื‘ืฉืจ. ื•ื’ื ืื ื—ืชื›ื• ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ, ื•ื–ื‘ ืžืžืงื•ื ื”ื—ืชืš ื ื•ื–ืœ ืื“ื•ื, ืœื“ืขืช ืจื•ื‘ื ื”ืžื›ืจื™ืข ืฉืœ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื ื•ื–ืœ ื–ื”, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืื—ืจ ื”ืžืœื™ื—ื” ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื–ืœ ื”ืื“ื•ื ืฉื ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื‘ืฉืจ ื›ืฉืจ ืœืื›ื™ืœื” (ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื”ืขืจื” 5).
ืื•ืœื ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื (ืžืื›ืœื•ืช ืืกื•ืจื•ืช ื•, ื™), ื”ืžืœื™ื—ื” ืžื•ืขื™ืœื” ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ื ืžื”ื—ืœืง ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืขื•ื“ ื ื•ืชืจ ื“ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื”ื“ื—ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”, ื™ืฉ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืฉื ืžืœื— ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื›ื ืกืชื• ืœืžื™ื ืจื•ืชื—ื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื“ื ืฉื ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื• ื™ื•ืฆืžืช ื•ื™ื™ื“ื‘ืง ืœื‘ืฉืจ ื•ืœื ื™ืฆื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ, ื•ืื–ื™ ื”ื•ื ื“ื ืื™ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ืคืจืฉ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืื™ืกื•ืจ. ื•ืื ืœื ื—ืœื˜ื• ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื‘ืจื•ืชื—ื™ื, ื”ื ื•ื–ืœ ื”ืื“ื•ื ืฉื™ื•ืฆื ืžืžื ื• ืžืขืฆืžื• ืื• ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื—ื™ืชื•ืš ื”ื‘ืฉืจ - ืืกื•ืจ ืžืฉื•ื ื“ื. ื•ืื ื™ื‘ืฉืœื• ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ - ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื™ืืกืจ. ืื‘ืœ ืื ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ื™ืฆื ืžื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื ื•ื–ืœ ืื“ื•ื, ื–ื”ื• ื”ืžื•ื”ืœ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืื™ืกื•ืจ.
ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ื”ืจื•ื•ื— ืฉืœื ืœื—ืฉื•ืฉ ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื (ืจืž"ื, ื‘"ื—, ืœื‘ื•ืฉ, ืคืจ"ื—). ื•ืจืง ืžืขื•ืœื™ ืชื™ืžืŸ ื™ืฉื ื ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•. ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื ืืžืจื• ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžืœื™ื—ื” ืฉืœ ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืขืฉืจื” ื“ืงื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืื ืžืฉื”ื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื‘ืžืœื— ืœืžืฉืš ืฉืขื” ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื, ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื ื™ื•ืฆื ืื• ื ืฆืžืช ืœื‘ืฉืจ, ื•ื’ื ืœืจืžื‘"ื ืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื‘ืžื™ื ืจื•ืชื—ื™ื. ื•ื’ื ืื ื™ื–ื•ื‘ ืžืžื ื• ื ื•ื–ืœ ืื“ื•ื, ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืื™ืกื•ืจ (ืขืจื•ื”"ืฉ ืกื˜, ืœื•-ืž), ื•ืืฃ ื™ื•ืฆืื™ ืชื™ืžืŸ ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ, ืจืฉืื™ื ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœ ื›ืš ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš. 12

ื— - ืื™ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืขืฆืžื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ืŸ ืžึตื—ึท ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช 'ื”ื“ื—ื” ืžืœื™ื—ื” ื•ื”ื“ื—ื”' ื›ืžื• ื‘ืฉืจ, ื•ื”ืžืœื™ื—ื” ืฉื ืขืฉื™ืช ืขืœ ื”ืขืฆื ืžื•ืขื™ืœื” ืœืžึตื—ึท ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ. ื•ืื ืžืœื—ื• ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืขื ื”ืขืฆืžื•ืช, ื”ืžืœื™ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืžื•ืขื™ืœื” ื’ื ืœืขืฆืžื•ืช (ืจืž"ื ืขื, ื’, ืฉ"ืš ื™ื).
ืœื‘ : ื‘ืชื•ืš ื—ื“ืจื™ ื”ืœื‘ ื›ื ื•ืก ื“ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ืชื•ืš ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืืช ื”ืœื‘ ื•ืœืฉื˜ื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ื“ื ืฉื ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื—ื“ืจื™ื•, ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืœืžื•ืœื—ื• ืื• ืœืฆืœื•ืชื•. ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“, ืื ืžืœื—ื• ืื• ืฆืœื• ืืช ื”ืœื‘ ื‘ืœื ืœื ืงื•ืชื•, ื™ื—ืชื›ื• ืื•ืชื• ื•ื™ืฉื˜ืคื• ืืช ื”ื“ื ื”ื›ื ื•ืก ื‘ื—ื“ืจื™ื• (ืžืฉื ื” ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืงื˜, ื; ืฉื•"ืข ืขื‘, ื-ื‘).
ื‘ื ื™ ืžืขื™ื™ื , ืžื”ืงื™ื‘ื” ื•ืขื“ ื”ื—ืœื—ื•ืœืช, ืื™ื ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืžืœื™ื—ื”, ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ืื™ื ื ืžื•ื—ื–ืงื™ื ื›ืื™ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื“ื. ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื“ืžื ืžื•ืขื˜ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืขื“ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื ื™ื›ืจ ื•ืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉื™ืฆื ืžืžืงื•ืžื•. ื•ืจืง ืื ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืžืขื™ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืžืจืื” ืื“ื•ื - ืžืฉืžืข ืฉื ืชืงื‘ืฅ ื‘ื• ื“ื ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืžื•ืœื—ื•. ื”ืฉื•ืžืŸ ืฉืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืžืขื™ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืฉืืจ ื”ืฉื•ืžืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืฆืจื™ืš ืžืœื™ื—ื”. ื”ื›ืจืก, ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืกืก, ืืฃ ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืงื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืžืขื™ื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืžืœื™ื—ื” (ืฉื•"ืข ืขื”, ื), ืœืžืขืฉื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืžื•ืœื—ื ื›ื›ืœ ื‘ืฉืจ (ืจืž"ื, ืคืจ"ื—, ืžื—ื‘"ืจ, ื–ื‘"ืฆ).
ื›ื‘ื“ ื•ื˜ื—ื•ืœ : ื”ื›ื‘ื“ ื›ื•ืœื• ื“ื ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื›ืฉืจืชื• ื‘ืฆืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“ (ืœื”ืœืŸ ื™ื‘). ืื•ืœื ื”ื˜ื—ื•ืœ, ืืฃ ืฉืฆื‘ืขื• ืื“ื•ื ื›ื›ื‘ื“, ื“ื™ื ื• ื›ืฉืืจ ื‘ืฉืจ ืฉื”ืžืœื™ื—ื” ืžื•ืขื™ืœื” ืœื•. ื˜ื—ื•ืœ ื”ื‘ื”ืžื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืงื™ืœื•ืฃ ืžื”ื—ึตืœึถื‘ ืฉื“ื‘ื•ืง ื‘ื• (ืฉื•"ืข ื•ืจืž"ื ืขื“, ื). ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืงื™ืœื•ืคื• ื˜ื•ืจื— ืจื‘, ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœื ืœื”ื›ืฉื™ืจื• ืืœื ืœืžื•ื›ืจื• ืœื ื•ื›ืจื™ื.
ื˜ - ืฉืืœืช ื”ืžืœื— ืœื—ื•ืœื™ื
ื™ืฉื ื ื—ื•ืœื™ื, ืฉื”ืžืœื— ืžื–ื™ืง ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื, ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ื”ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžืœื—ืฅ ื“ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”, ื•ืื–ื™ ืื›ื™ืœืช ื‘ืฉืจ ืฉื ืžืœื— ื›ื“ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื”ื, ื›ื™ ืืฃ ืฉืฉื•ื˜ืคื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืœื— ืžื”ื‘ืฉืจ, ื—ืœืงื• ื ื‘ืœืข ื‘ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ ืœื”ื. ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืœื”ื›ืฉื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื‘ืฆืœื™ื™ื”, ืฉื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ื” ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžืœื—. ื•ืืฃ ืฉืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืžื•ืœื—ื™ื ืžืขื˜ ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฆืœื™ื™ื”, ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืงืœ ื‘ื–ื” (ืœื”ืœืŸ ื”ืœื›ื” ื™). ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื—ื•ืœื” ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืฆืœื™, ืืคืฉืจ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืฆืœื™ื™ื” ืœื‘ืฉืœ ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจื›ื›ื•.
ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื›ืฉื™ืจ ื‘ืžืœื™ื—ื” ื—ืชื™ื›ืช ื‘ืฉืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžืื•ื“, ื•ืื—"ื› ืœื—ืชื•ืš ืืช ื”ืฉื›ื‘ื” ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืฉืจ, ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืžืœื™ื—ื•ืช ืžื•ืจื’ืฉืช, ื•ืœืชืช ืœื—ื•ืœื” ืžื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืžืœื™ื—ื•ืช.
ื›ืืฉืจ ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืืœื• ืื™ื ื ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื›ืฉื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื‘ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” (ืœืขื™ืœ ื’). ื•ืืžื ื ื”ื’ืื•ื ื™ื ื”ื—ืžื™ืจื• ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืฉืœื ืœื”ื›ืฉื™ืจ ื‘ื—ืœื™ื˜ื”, ืื•ืœื ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื“ื—ืง ื”ื•ืจื• ืœื”ื›ืฉื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื‘ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืฉืœ ื—ืชื™ื›ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช, ืชื•ืš ื”ืงืคื“ื” ืฉืœืคื ื™ ื”ื˜ืœืช ื›ืœ ื—ืชื™ื›ื” ืœืžื™ื - ื”ืžื™ื ื™ืจืชื—ื• ื•ื™ืขืœื• ืื“ื™ื (ื›ื ื”"ื’ ื•ืžื—ื–"ื‘ ืกื˜, ื ื). ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ื” ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื—ื•ืœื” (ื™ืฉื•ืขืช ืžืฉื” ืžื–, ืฉืฉ"ื› ืž, ืง; ืœืขื™ืœ ื”ืขืจื” 6). 13

ื™ - ืฆืœื™ื™ื”
ื›ืฉื ืฉื”ืžืœื™ื—ื” ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื” ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื”ื“ื, ื›ืš ื”ืฆืœื™ื™ื” ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื” ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื”ื“ื ื•ืฉืจื™ืคืชื•. ื•ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื›ื•ื— ื”ืฆืœื™ื™ื” ืžื”ืžืœื™ื—ื”, ืฉื”ืžืœื™ื—ื” ืื™ื ื” ืžื•ืขื™ืœื” ืœื‘ืฉืจ ืฉืฉื”ื” ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื™ืžื™ื, ื›ื™ ื”ื“ื ืฉื‘ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืชื™ื™ื‘ืฉ, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ืฆืœื™ื™ื” ืžื•ืขื™ืœื” ืœื• (ืœืขื™ืœ ื“). ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืžืœื™ื—ื” ืื™ื ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื“ื ืฉื ืฆืจืจ ื‘ื‘ืฉืจ ื‘ืœื ืฉื™ื—ืชื›ื• ืืช ืžืงื•ื ื”ืฆืจื™ืจื”, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ืฆืœื™ื™ื” ืžื•ืฆื™ืื” ืื•ืชื• ื’ื ื‘ืœื ื—ื™ืชื•ืš ืžืงื•ื ืฆืจื™ืจืช ื”ื“ื (ืœืขื™ืœ ื“). ืžืœื™ื—ื” ื’ื ืื™ื ื” ืžื•ืขื™ืœื” ืœื›ื‘ื“ ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื›ื•ืœื• ื“ื, ืื•ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื™ื” ืžื•ืขื™ืœื” ืœื• (ืœื”ืœืŸ ื™ื‘).
ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืกื“ืจ ื”ืฆืœื™ื™ื”: ืฉื•ื˜ืคื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืžืฉืืจื™ื•ืช ื”ื“ื ืฉืขืœื™ื•. ืกืžื•ืš ืœืฆืœื™ื™ื” ืจืฆื•ื™ ืœืžืœื•ื— ืื•ืชื• ืžืขื˜. ืฆื•ืœื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืขื“ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืจืื•ื™ ืœืื›ื™ืœื”, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื ืขืฉื” ื›ืฉืจ. ื•ื‘ื™ืชืจ ืคื™ืจื•ื˜:
ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื›ืฉืจืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื‘ืฆืœื™ื™ื” ืฉื•ื˜ืคื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืžื”ื“ื ืฉืขืœื™ื•, ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื”ืฆืœื™ื™ื” ืชื’ืจื•ื ืœื“ื ืฉืขืœ ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืœื”ื™ื‘ืœืข ื‘ืชื•ื›ื•. ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ืื ืฆืœื• ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื‘ืœื ืฉื˜ื™ืคื”, ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื“ื ืฉื™ืฆื ืžืžื ื• - ื›ืฉืจ. ื•ืื ื”ื“ื ืฉืขืœื™ื• ื”ื’ื™ืข ืžื‘ืฉืจ ืื—ืจ - ื”ืฆืœื™ ื ืืกืจ (ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ื ื˜ื™ืœื” ืื• ื›ื•ืœื•, ื›ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ื”ืขืจื”).
ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืกืžื•ืš ืœืฆืœื™ื™ื” ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืžืขื˜ ืžืœื—, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ืžืœื— ื™ืกื™ื™ืข ืœืืฉ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ื. ื•ืื ืœื ื ืชื ื• ืžืœื—, ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื›ืฉืจ. ืœืื—ืจ ืžืœื™ื—ืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื ื™ื—ื• ืžื™ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืืฉ, ืฉืื ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื™ืฉื”ื” ื‘ืžืœื—ื• ืžืกืคืจ ื“ืงื•ืช, ื”ื“ื ื™ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืฆืืช ืžืžื ื•, ื•ืื–ื™ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืฉื˜ื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืžื”ื“ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฆืœื™ื™ื”. ืืžื ื ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ืื ืฉื›ื—ื• ืœืฉื•ื˜ืคื•, ื”ืฆืœื™ื™ื” ื›ืฉืจื”, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื›ื•ื— ื”ืฆืœื™ื™ื” ืœื”ื›ืฉื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื’ื ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื”ื“ื ืฉื–ื‘ ืžืžื ื• ืžื•ื ื— ืขืœื™ื• (ืฉื•"ืข ื•ืจืž"ื ืขื•, ื‘). 14
ื™ืฉ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœืฉื˜ื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืื—ืจ ื”ืฆืœื™ื™ื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืœื ื ื•ืชืจ ืขืœื™ื• ืฉืžืฅ ื“ื (ืจืž"ื ืขื’, ื”; ืขื•, ื‘). ืื•ืœื ื›ืืฉืจ ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืฆืœื™ ื•ื”ืฉื˜ื™ืคื” ืคื•ื’ืžืช ื‘ื˜ืขืžื•, ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืื•ื›ืœื• ื‘ืœื ืฉื˜ื™ืคื”, ืฉื—ื–ืงื” ืขืœ ื”ืืฉ ืฉืฉืจืคื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื ืฉื™ืฆื ืžืžื ื•. 15

ื™ื - ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืฆืœื™ื™ื” ื•ื“ืจื›ื™ื”
ื”ืฆืœื™ื™ื” ืฉืžื›ืฉื™ืจื” ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื”ื™ื ืฆืœื™ื™ืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืขื“ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืจืื•ื™ ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื“ื—ืง ืœืื›ื™ืœืช ืจื•ื‘ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื, ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื—ืฆื™ ืฆืœื™ื™ืชื•, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื›ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื ืฆืจืš ืœืฆืœื™ื™ื” ื’ืžื•ืจื”, ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืฆืœื™ ื ืขืฉื” ืžืฉื•ื‘ื— ื•ืจืื•ื™ ืœื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื. ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ื’ื ืื ื™ืฆื ืžื•ื”ืœ ืื“ื•ื ืžื”ื‘ืฉืจ, ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื“ื ืืœื ''ื—ึตืžึธืจ-ื‘ืฉืจ', ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื™ื™ืŸ-ื‘ืฉืจ, ื•ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืื•ื›ืœื• (ืจืž"ื ืขื•, ื‘).
ื›ืืฉืจ ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื‘ืฉืœ ืืช ื”ืฆืœื™, ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืฆืœื•ืช ืื•ืชื• ืฆืœื™ื™ื” ื’ืžื•ืจื”. 16
ืžื•ืชืจ ื•ืืฃ ืจืฆื•ื™ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืฆืœื™ ืžืฆื“ ืœืฆื“, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื›ื•ืœื• ื™ื™ืฆืœื” ื”ื™ื˜ื‘. ื•ื›ืŸ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืื•ืชื• ื›ืžื” ืคืขืžื™ื. ืื•ืœื ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืœื’ืœื’ืœ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืจืฆื™ืคื•ืช ื•ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช, ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ื ืฉื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ื” ื”ื“ื ืฉื™ืฆื ืžื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื™ืชื’ืœื’ืœ ืขืœื™ื• ื•ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ื‘ืœืข ื‘ื• (ืจืž"ื ืขื•, ื‘; ืžื ื—ืช ื™ืขืงื‘ ื˜, ื•). ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ืื ืขืฉื• ื›ืŸ ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื›ืฉืจ, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื’ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ื” ื”ืืฉ ืฉื•ืจืคืช ืืช ื”ื“ื ืฉื™ื•ืฆื ืžื”ื‘ืฉืจ (ื™ื“ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืืจื•ืš ื–).
ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืฆืœื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืช ืื—ืช ื—ืชื™ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืจ ืจื‘ื•ืช, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื“ื ืฉื–ื‘ ืžื”ื—ืชื™ื›ื” ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ื™ื‘ืœืข ื‘ื—ืชื™ื›ื” ืฉืชื—ืชื™ื”, ืฉื›ืŸ ืชื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ื ืฉื ืฉืื‘ ืžื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฆืœื™ื™ื” ืื• ืžืœื™ื—ื” ืฉื”ื•ื 'ืžืฉืจืง ืฉืจื™ืง', ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžื—ืœื™ืง ื•ืœื ื ื‘ืœืข.
ื›ืืฉืจ ืฆื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื‘ืช ืื—ืช ืขืจื™ืžื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ื—ืชื™ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืจ, ื›ืœ ื—ืชื™ื›ื” ืฉื ืขืฉืชื” ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœืื›ื™ืœืช ืจื•ื‘ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื“ื—ืง - ื›ืฉืจื”. ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ืื” ืžื”ืขืจื™ืžื” ื•ืœืื•ื›ืœื”, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืžืขืœื™ื” ื•ืœื™ื“ื” ื—ืชื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉืขื•ื“ ืœื ื”ื•ื›ืฉืจื•. 17

ื™ื‘ - ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื‘ื“
ื”ื›ื‘ื“ ืžืœื ื“ื, ืขื“ ืฉืืžืจื• ืขืœื™ื• ืฉ'ื›ื•ืœื• ื“ื', ื•ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื›ืŸ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืื•ื›ืœื•, ืฉืœื ืืกืจื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืœื ื“ื ื”ื ืฉืคืš ื›ืžื™ื ื•ื”ื›ื‘ื“ ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ื“ื ืงืจื•ืฉ (ืœื‘ื•ืฉ).
ืœื“ืขืช ืจื‘ื ื• ืชื, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื›ืฉื™ืจ ื›ื‘ื“ ื‘ืžืœื™ื—ื”, ืืœื ืฉื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืœื ื“ื, ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžืœื™ื—ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ื•ืชื›ื• ืœืื•ืจืš ื•ืœืจื•ื—ื‘ (ืฉืชื™ ื•ืขืจื‘), ื•ืœื”ื ื™ื—ื• ื›ืฉื”ื—ืชื›ื™ื ื›ืœืคื™ ืžื˜ื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื“ื ืฉื‘ื• ื™ื–ื•ื‘ ืžืžื ื•. ืื•ืœื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื ืคืกืง ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื›ืฉื™ืจ ื›ื‘ื“ ื‘ืžืœื™ื—ื”, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื›ื‘ื“ ืžืœื ื“ื, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืœื™ื—ื” ื›ื•ื— ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืžืžื ื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื ื”ื ืฆืจืš ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื”ืœื›ื”. ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ืจืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฆืœื™ื™ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื›ืฉื™ืจ ื›ื‘ื“ ืœืื›ื™ืœื”, ื•ืื—ืจ ืฉืฆืœื•ื”ื• ื›ื“ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืชืจ ื’ื ืœื‘ืฉืœื•.
ื™ืฉ ืœื—ืชื•ืš ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉื‘ื›ื‘ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืฆืœื™ื™ืชื•, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื“ื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื–ื•ื‘ ืžื”ื ื‘ืงืœื•ืช. ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื—ื•ืชื›ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืจื” ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืงื” ืœื›ื‘ื“, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื ื•ืฆืจ ื”ืคืชื— ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื—ืชื•ืš ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื›ื‘ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฆืœื™ื™ื” (ื•ืขื™' ื‘ื”ืขืจื”). 18
ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื›ืืฉืจ ืฆื•ืœื™ื ื›ื‘ื“ ืขื ื—ืชื™ื›ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืฉืจ ืจื’ื™ืœ, ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืืช ื”ื›ื‘ื“ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ, ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื›ื‘ื“ ื“ื ืจื‘ ืฉื™ื–ื•ื‘ ืขืœื™ื•. ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“, ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืฉืชื—ืช ื”ื›ื‘ื“ ื›ืฉืจ, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื“ื ื”ืžืจื•ื‘ื” ืฉื™ื•ืฆื ืžื”ื›ื‘ื“ 'ืžืฉืจืง ืฉืจื™ืง' (ืžื—ืœื™ืง) ื•ืœื ื ื‘ืœืข ื‘ื—ืชื™ื›ื” ืฉืชื—ืชื™ื•, ืฉืืฃ ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ื ื›ืฉืจืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฆืœื™ื™ื” (ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืงื™ื, ื; ืฉื•"ืข ืขื’, ื“).

ื™ื’ - ื”ืืฉ ื•ื›ืœื™ ื”ืฆืœื™ื™ื”
ื”ืฆืœื™ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืชื‘ืฆืข ืขืœ ืืฉ ื’ืœื•ื™ื”, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืชืคื•ืก ื‘ืจืฉืช ืื• ื‘ืฉื™ืคื•ื“, ื•ื”ื“ื ืฉื™ื•ืฆื ืžืžื ื• ื–ื‘ ืืœ ืชื•ืš ื”ืืฉ. ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฆืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื’ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื ื—ืชื• ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ืคืœื˜ื” ืœื•ื”ื˜ืช ืžื—ืžืช ืืฉ ืฉื‘ื•ืขืจืช ืชื—ืชื™ื” ืื• ื’ื•ืคื™ ื—ื™ืžื•ื ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื™ื ืฉืชื—ืชื™ื”. ื•ืื ื”ืคืœื˜ื” ื—ืœืงื”, ื”ื“ื ืฉื™ื•ืฆื ืžื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื ื•ื–ืœ ืœืฆื“ื“ื™ื, ื•ื”ืžืขื˜ ืฉื ื•ืชืจ ืชื—ืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื ืฉืจืฃ ื•ื›ืœื”. ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ื™ื ืžื—ื•ืกืคืกืช ืื• ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ืฉืงืขืจื•ืจื™ื•ืช, ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื ื™ื—ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืคื•ืข, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื“ื ืฉื™ืฆื ืžื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื™ื–ื•ื‘ ื›ืœืคื™ ืžื˜ื” ื•ืœื ื™ืœื›ื“ ืชื—ืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ. ื•ืขืœ ื›ืœื™ ืื• ืžืฉื˜ื— ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ื‘ื™ืช ืงื™ื‘ื•ืœ ืืกื•ืจ ืœืฆืœื•ืช ื‘ืฉืจ, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื“ื ืฉื™ืฆื ื‘ืฆืœื™ื™ื” ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื ื–ื•ืœ ืœืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ื™ื™ื‘ืœืข ื‘ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื™ืืกื•ืจ ืื•ืชื• ืœืชืžื™ื“, ื›ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ ื‘ืฉืจ ืฉืœื ื ืžืœื— ืื•ืกืจ ืื•ืชื• ืœืชืžื™ื“. 19
ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืฆืœื•ืช ื‘ืฉืจ ื‘ืชื•ืš ืชื ื•ืจ ื’ื– ืื• ื—ืฉืžืœ, ื•ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืกื’ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืชื ื•ืจ ื‘ืขืช ื”ืฆืœื™ื™ื”. ื•ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžืฉื ื” ืื ื’ื•ืคื™ ื”ื—ื™ืžื•ื ืชื—ืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืื• ืžืขืœื™ื• ืื• ืžืฆื™ื“ื•, ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื ืฆืœื” ื›ืจืื•ื™ ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื“ื ืžืงื•ื ืœื–ื•ื‘ - ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืžื•ื›ืฉืจ. ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชื—ืชื™ืช ื”ืชื ื•ืจ ืœื ืชืชืœื›ืœืš ื•ืืฃ ืชื™ืืกืจ ืžื—ืžืช ื‘ืœื™ืขืช ื˜ืขื ื”ื“ื, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ื‘ืชื—ืชื™ืช ื”ืชื ื•ืจ ื›ืœื™ ืฉื™ืงืœื•ื˜ ืืช ื”ื“ื ืฉื™ื–ื•ื‘ ืžื”ื‘ืฉืจ. 20
ื™ืฉ ืžื—ืžื™ืจื™ื, ืฉืœื ืœื—ืชื•ืš ื‘ืกื›ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืฉืขืœ ื”ืืฉ ืœืคื ื™ ื’ืžืจ ื”ื›ืฉืจืชื•, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืกื›ื™ืŸ ืชื‘ืœืข ืžื”ื“ื ื•ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ื›ืฉื™ืจื” ื‘ืœื™ื‘ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืืฉ. ื•ื™ืฉ ืžื—ืžื™ืจื™ื ื•ืื•ืกืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ื“ ืฉืฆื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื•ืœืข ืžื”ื“ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื™ืฆืœื• ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืฉืจ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื›ืฉื™ืจื• ื‘ืœื™ื‘ื•ืŸ. ื•ื™ืฉ ืžื—ืžื™ืจื™ื ื•ืžื•ืจื™ื ืœื”ืกื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืžื”ืฉื™ืคื•ื“ ืžื™ื“ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื•ืฆืืชื• ืžื”ืืฉ, ืฉืื ืœื ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื™ื‘ืœืข ืžื”ืฉื™ืคื•ื“ ื˜ืขื ื“ื.
ืื•ืœื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื ืคืกืง ื›ื“ืขืช ื”ืžืชื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ื“ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืœืœื•, ืฉื›ืŸ ืคืขื•ืœืช ื”ืฆืœื™ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ื›ืฉืจื”, ื•ืื ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื”ืืกื•ืจ ื”ื™ื ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื”, ื›ืœ ืฉื›ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื” ืื•ืกืจืช ืืช ื”ื›ืœื™ื ืฉื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ื‘ื‘ืฉืจ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื›ืฉืจืชื• (ืจื"ืฉ, ืฉื•"ืข ืขื•, ื“). ื•ืืžื ื ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื™ืฉ ืœื—ืฉื•ืฉ ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืžื—ืžื™ืจื™ื, ื•ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืžื ื”ื’ ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื™ื•ืฆืื™ ืืฉื›ื ื–. ืื•ืœื ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื’ื ื™ื•ืฆืื™ ืืฉื›ื ื– ืจืฉืื™ื ืœื”ืงืœ ื›ื“ืขืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื•ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืฉื™ืคื•ื“ ื•ื‘ืจืฉืช ื•ื‘ืกื›ื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื ืœื™ื‘ื•ืŸ. 21

ื™ื“ - ื“ื ื“ื’ื™ื, ื—ื’ื‘ื™ื ื•ืื“ื
ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื“ื ื—ืœ ืจืง ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื ื˜ื”ื•ืจื™ื, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉื•ื—ื˜ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ืืช ื‘ืฉืจื ื‘ืื›ื™ืœื”, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžื™ื ื™ ื‘ื”ืžื”, ื—ื™ื” ื•ืขื•ืฃ, ื•ืœื ื“ื’ื™ื ื•ื—ื’ื‘ื™ื (ืœืขื™ืœ ื”ืœื›ื” ื‘). ืืžื ื ืžืคื ื™ ืžืจืื™ืช ืขื™ืŸ, ื›ืืฉืจ ืื™ืŸ ื ื™ื›ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื“ื ื“ื’ื™ื ืื• ื—ื’ื‘ื™ื, ืืกื•ืจ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืœืื•ื›ืœื•, ืฉืžื ื™ืœืžื“ื• ืžื›ืš ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื“ื ืืกื•ืจ. ืœื›ืŸ ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืงื‘ืฆื™ื ื“ื ื“ื’ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœื™, ืืกื•ืจ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืœืฉืชื•ืชื•, ื•ืจืง ืื ื ื™ื›ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื“ื ื“ื’ื™ื, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื ื™ื—ื• ืขืžื• ืžืขื˜ ืงืฉืงืฉื™ื ืื• ื—ืœืงื™ ื“ื’ื™ื - ืžื•ืชืจ (ืฉื•"ืข ืกื•, ื˜). ื•ืื ื”ืชืขืจื‘ ื“ื ื“ื’ื™ื ืื• ื“ื ื—ื’ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžืื›ืœ, ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื ื ื™ื›ืจื™ื - ื”ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ืžื•ืชืจืช (ืจืž"ื ืกื•, ื™).
ื‘ืื›ื™ืœืช ื“ื ืื“ื ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืชื•ืจื”, ืื‘ืœ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืืกืจื• ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื“ื ืื“ื ืžืฉื•ื ืžืจืื™ืช ืขื™ืŸ. ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ื”ื ื•ืฉืš ื‘ืœื—ื ืื• ื‘ืชืคื•ื—, ื•ื ื•ืชืจ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื“ื ืžืคื™ื•, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื’ืจื“ ืืช ื”ื“ื ืžืขืœ ื”ืœื—ื ืื• ื”ืชืคื•ื—, ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืื•ื›ืœื. ืืžื ื ื“ื ืฉื™ื•ืฆื ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืžื•ืฆืฆื•, ืฉื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ืœื ื™ืฆื ืžื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืฉื•ื ืื™ืกื•ืจ. ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืื“ื ืœืžืฆื•ืฅ ื“ื ืฉื™ื•ืฆื ืžืืฆื‘ืข, ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื ื™ื›ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื”ืืฆื‘ืข ื•ืœื ืžื‘ื”ืžื” ืื• ืžืขื•ืฃ (ืฉื•"ืข ืกื•, ื™; ื›ื”"ื— ืžื–).



^ 1.. ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื“ื ื—ืœ ื’ื ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ื”ื˜ืžืื™ื ื•ื’ื ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ื”ื˜ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ืฉืจื ืืกื•ืจ ืžืฉื•ื ื ื‘ื™ืœื” ืื• ื˜ืจื™ืคื”, ื•ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ืืช ื“ืžื ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื. ื”ืื—ื“ - ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ื—ืœ ืขืœื™ื”ื, ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ - ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื“ื. ื›ืคื™ ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื”ืœื›ื” ื”ื‘ืื”, ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ื”ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืคื•ืชื—ื™ื, ื›ืžื• ื“ื’ื™ื ื•ื—ื’ื‘ื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื“ื, ื•ืื ื”ื ื“ื’ื™ื ื•ื—ื’ื‘ื™ื ื˜ืžืื™ื, ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ืืช ื“ืžื ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ืื›ื™ืœืช ืžื™ื ื™ื ื˜ืžืื™ื (ื›ืจื™ืชื•ืช ื›ื, ื).
ืื™ืกื•ืจ 'ื“ื ื”ื ืคืฉ' ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืื™ืกื•ืจ ื—ึตืœึถื‘, ืฉืฉื ื™ื”ื ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ืœืžื–ื‘ื—, ื•ืขื•ื ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื›ืจืช (ืœืขื™ืœ ื›ื, ื, 1). ืื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื ืœื—ึตืœึถื‘, ืฉื”ื—ึตืœึถื‘ ืืกื•ืจ ืจืง ื‘ืžื™ื ื™ ื‘ื”ืžื” ืฉื›ืฉืจื™ื ืœืงืจื‘ืŸ, ื•ืœื ื‘ืžื™ื ื™ ื—ื™ื” ื˜ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฆื‘ื™ ื•ืื™ืœ ืฉื›ืฉืจื™ื ืœืื›ื™ืœื” ื•ืคืกื•ืœื™ื ืœืงืจื‘ืŸ. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื—ึตืœึถื‘ ื‘ืžื™ื ื™ื ื˜ืžืื™ื ืฉืืกื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืื›ื™ืœื”. ืื•ืœื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื“ื, ื™ืกื•ื“ื• ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื•ืขื“ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ื ืคืฉ, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ืืกื•ืจ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื“ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ื’ื ื”ื˜ืžืื™ื (ืžืฉื ื” ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืงื™ื–, ื; ืฉื•"ืข ืกื•, ื). ื•ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื›ืŸ, ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ืืช 'ื“ื ื”ื ืคืฉ' ืฉืœื”ื, ืฉื‘ื• ื ืฉืžืชื ื™ื•ืฆืืช, ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื›ืจืช.
ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื’ืžืจื ื›ืจื™ืชื•ืช ื“, ื‘, ืฉืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื ืืžืจ ืฉืขืœ ื“ื ืฉื”ื ืฉืžื” ื™ื•ืฆืืช ืžืžื ื• ื ืขื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืจืช: ื) ื•ื™ืงืจื ื–, ื›ื–: "ื›ึผึธืœ ื ึถืคึถืฉื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืชึผึนืื›ึทืœ ื›ึผึธืœ ื“ึผึธื ื•ึฐื ึดื›ึฐืจึฐืชึธื” ื”ึทื ึผึถืคึถืฉื ื”ึทื”ึดื•ื ืžึตืขึทืžึผึถื™ื”ึธ". ื‘) ืฉื ื™ื–, ื™: "ื•ึฐืึดื™ืฉื ืึดื™ืฉื ืžึดื‘ึผึตื™ืช ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื•ึผืžึดืŸ ื”ึทื’ึผึตืจ ื”ึทื’ึผึธืจ ื‘ึผึฐืชื•ึนื›ึธื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื™ึนืื›ึทืœ ื›ึผึธืœ ื“ึผึธื ื•ึฐื ึธืชึทืชึผึดื™ ืคึธื ึทื™ ื‘ึผึทื ึผึถืคึถืฉื ื”ึธืึนื›ึถืœึถืช ืึถืช ื”ึทื“ึผึธื ื•ึฐื”ึดื›ึฐืจึทืชึผึดื™ ืึนืชึธื”ึผ ืžึดืงึผึถืจึถื‘ ืขึทืžึผึธื”ึผ". ื’) ืฉื ื™ื–, ื™ื“: "ื›ึผึดื™ ื ึถืคึถืฉื ื›ึผึธืœ ื‘ึผึธืฉื‚ึธืจ ื“ึผึธืžื•ึน ื”ึดื•ื ื›ึผึธืœ ืึนื›ึฐืœึธื™ื• ื™ึดื›ึผึธืจึตืช". ืื—ื“ ืœื“ื ืฉืœ ืงืจื‘ืŸ, ืฉื ื™ ืœื“ื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ, ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืœื“ื ื—ื™ื” ื•ืขื•ืฃ, ืฉืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื›ื™ืกื• ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืขืคืจ ื›ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืขื•ื ืฉ ืื›ื™ืœืชื• ื›ืจืช. ืขื•ื“ ื—ืžืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื ื ืืžืจ ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื“ื: ื) ื•ื™ืงืจื ื’, ื™ื–: "ื—ึปืงึผึทืช ืขื•ึนืœึธื ืœึฐื“ึนืจึนืชึตื™ื›ึถื ื‘ึผึฐื›ึนืœ ืžื•ึนืฉืึฐื‘ึนืชึตื™ื›ึถื ื›ึผึธืœ ื—ึตืœึถื‘ ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ื“ึผึธื ืœึนื ืชึนืื›ึตืœื•ึผ". ื‘) ืฉื ื–, ื›ื•: "ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ื“ึผึธื ืœึนื ืชึนืื›ึฐืœื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐื›ึนืœ ืžื•ึนืฉืึฐื‘ึนืชึตื™ื›ึถื ืœึธืขื•ึนืฃ ื•ึฐืœึทื‘ึผึฐื”ึตืžึธื”". ื’) ืฉื ื™ื–, ื™ื“: "ื›ึผึดื™ ื ึถืคึถืฉื ื›ึผึธืœ ื‘ึผึธืฉื‚ึธืจ ื“ึผึธืžื•ึน ื‘ึฐื ึทืคึฐืฉืื•ึน ื”ื•ึผื, ื•ึธืึนืžึทืจ ืœึดื‘ึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื“ึผึทื ื›ึผึธืœ ื‘ึผึธืฉื‚ึธืจ ืœึนื ืชึนืื›ึตืœื•ึผ".
ื“) ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื‘, ื˜ื–: "ืจึทืง ื”ึทื“ึผึธื ืœึนื ืชึนืื›ึตืœื•ึผ ืขึทืœ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืชึผึดืฉืึฐืคึผึฐื›ึถื ึผื•ึผ ื›ึผึทืžึผึธื™ึดื". ื”) ืฉื ื™ื‘, ื›ื’-ื›ื“: "ืจึทืง ื—ึฒื–ึทืง ืœึฐื‘ึดืœึฐืชึผึดื™ ืึฒื›ึนืœ ื”ึทื“ึผึธื, ื›ึผึดื™ ื”ึทื“ึผึธื ื”ื•ึผื ื”ึทื ึผึธืคึถืฉื ื•ึฐืœึนื ืชึนืื›ึทืœ ื”ึทื ึผึถืคึถืฉื ืขึดื ื”ึทื‘ึผึธืฉื‚ึธืจ. ืœึนื ืชึผึนืื›ึฐืœึถื ึผื•ึผ ืขึทืœ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืชึผึดืฉืึฐืคึผึฐื›ึถื ึผื•ึผ ื›ึผึทืžึผึธื™ึดื". ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžื”ื ื›ืื–ื”ืจื” ืœืฉืœื•ืฉืช ืกื•ื’ื™ ื“ื ืฉื”ื ืฉืžื” ื™ื•ืฆืืช ื‘ื• ืฉืขื•ื ืฉื ื›ืจืช. ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืœื“ื ืื™ื‘ืจื™ื, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื“ื ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืœื•ืข ื‘ืื™ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื™ืฆื ืžื”ื. ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช ืœ'ื“ื ื”ืชืžืฆื™ืช', ื”ื“ื ืฉื™ืฆื ืžืžืงื•ื ื”ืฉื—ื™ื˜ื” ืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื ืฉืžื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ืฆืื”. ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ, ืฉืื—ืช ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืื–ื”ืจืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœื”ืชื—ื–ืง ืœื‘ืœืชื™ ืื›ื•ืœ ื”ื“ื, ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื˜ืจื•ื— ืขืœ ื”ื›ืฉืจืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืžืžื ื• ืืช ื”ื“ื (ืจืฉื‘"ื, ืจ' ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ืฉื•ืจ).
^ 2.. ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ื˜ื•, ื‘, ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืงื›ื—, ื, ืฉื‘ืฉืจ ื—ื™ ืžื•ืชืจ ื‘ืื›ื™ืœื” ื‘ืœื ืžืœื™ื—ื”. ื•ื›ืŸ ื“ืขืช ืจื•ื‘ ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื•ืžื”ื ืชื•ืก', ืจื"ืฉ, ืจืฉื‘"ื ื•ืจ"ืŸ. ืื•ืœื ืœืจืžื‘"ื (ืžืื›"ื ื•, ื™ื‘), ืืกื•ืจ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื—ืชื™ื›ืช ื‘ืฉืจ ื—ื™ื” ื‘ืœื ืžืœื™ื—ื”. ื•ื‘ื™ืืจื• ืฉืœื“ืขืชื• ืจืง ื‘ืœื™ืขืช ื‘ืฉืจ ื—ื™ ืžื•ืชืจืช, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉืื•ื›ืœื™ื ืื•ืชื•, ื‘ืขืช ืœืขื™ืกืชื• ื”ื“ื ืคื•ืจืฉ ืžื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื”ื•ืคืš ืœืืกื•ืจ (ืขืจื•ื”"ืฉ ืกื–, ื˜; ื™ื“ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”, ืืจื•ืš ื”). ื‘ื›ืœ ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื•ืกื›ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœ, ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉืจ ื—ื™ ื•ืœืื•ื›ืœื•, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื“ื ืฉื‘ื• ืคื•ืจืฉ ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื‘ืฉืจ. ื•ื’ื ืžืœื™ื—ื” ืœื ืชื•ืขื™ืœ ืœื•, ืฉื›ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืžืœื•ื— ื›ืœ ืคื™ืจื•ืจ ืžื›ืœ ืฆื“ื“ื™ื•. ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืœื”ื›ืฉื™ืจ ื‘ืฉืจ ืฉื ื˜ื—ืŸ - ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฆืœื™ื™ื” (ื™ื‘ื™"ื ื”, ื™ื•"ื“ ื”).
^ 3.. ื™ืฉื ื” ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ืช ืžื” ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉื”ื“ื ื–ื‘ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ืœื ืคืจืฉ ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”. ืœืชื•ืก' (ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ื™ื“, ื, 'ื•ื ืกื‘ื™ืŸ'), ืจื"ืฉ, ืจื"ื”, ืจ"ืŸ ื•ืฉื•"ืข ืกื˜, ื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืื™ืกื•ืจ. ื•ืœืจืฉื‘"ื, ืจื‘ื ื• ืคืจืฅ ื•ืจืž"ื, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื“ื ืœื ืคืจืฉ ืžื”ื‘ืฉืจ, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœืื—ืจ ื”ืฉื—ื™ื˜ื” ื–ื– ืžืงื•ืžื• ื•ื ืข ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื‘ืฉืจ - ื”ื“ื ื•ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืฉืขืžื• ื ืืกืจื™ื, ื•ื”ืจืื™ื” ืžื‘ื”ืžื” ืฉืžืคืจืงืชื” ื ืฉื‘ืจื” ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืฉื—ื™ื˜ื”, ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืืช ื‘ืฉืจื” ื—ื™ (ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืงื™ื’, ื), ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื“ื ืฉื”ืชืขื•ืจืจ ืœืฆืืช ืžืžื ื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฉื—ื™ื˜ื” ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืœืื—ืจื™ื•. ื•ื”ืžืงื™ืœื™ื ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื, ืฉื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืจืช ื”ืžืคืจืงืช ื ื•ืฆืจ ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ื“ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“, ื›ืžื• ื‘ืžื›ื” ืฉื ืฆืจืจื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื“ื ื•ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื ืืกืจื™ื. (ืจืื• ืœื”ืœืŸ ื”ืขืจื” 9).
^ 4.. ืœื“ืขืช ืจื•ื‘ื ื”ืžื›ืจื™ืข ืฉืœ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื“ื ืฉื”ืชื‘ืฉืœ ืื• ืฉื ืžืœื— ืืกื•ืจ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ื•ื›"ื› ืชื•ืก', ืชืจื•ืžื”, ื™ืจืื™ื, ืจื•ืงื—, ืจืื‘"ืŸ, ืื•"ื–, ืจืฉื‘"ื, ืจื"ืฉ, ืจื"ื”, ืžืจื“ื›ื™, ืจื‘ื ื• ื™ืจื•ื—ื, ืจื™ื˜ื‘"ื ื•ืจ"ืŸ. ื•ื›"ื› ื‘"ื™ ื•ืจืž"ื ื‘ื“"ืž ืกื˜, ื™ื˜. ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื: ืฉ"ืš ืข, ืžื˜; ื˜"ื–, ืคืจ"ื— ืกื˜, ื, ืจ' ื“ื•ื“ ืคืจื“ื•, ื ื•"ื‘, ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”, ืขืจื•ื”"ืฉ ืกื–, ื”-ื•. ืžื ื’ื“, ืœื“ืขืช ืจืฉ"ื™, ืขื™ื˜ื•ืจ, ืจื‘ื ื• ื™ื”ื•ื ืชืŸ ืžืœื•ื ื™ืœ ื•ืจืžื‘"ื, ื“ื ืฉื‘ื™ืฉืœื• ืืกื•ืจ ืžื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื•ื›"ื› ื›ื ืคื™ ื™ื•ื ื”, ืขืจืš ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ, ื—ืช"ืก. ื”ืจื™ ืฉืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืœื“ืขืชื ื”ืžืœื™ื—ื” ื•ื”ืฆืœื™ื™ื” ื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœืžื ื•ืข ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืชื•ืจื”. ืืžื ื ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื›ืกืฃ ืคื–, ื”, ื›ืชื‘, ืฉื’ื ืœื“ืขืชื, ืจืง ื“ื ื‘ืขื™ืŸ, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ื ื•ืก ื‘ื›ืœื™, ืฉื‘ื•ืฉืœ ืื• ืฉื ืžืœื—, ืืกื•ืจ ืžื”ืชื•ืจื”. ืื‘ืœ ื”ื“ื ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืœื•ืข ื›ื“ืจืš ื˜ื‘ืขื• ื‘ืื™ื‘ืจื™ื, ื•ื™ืฆื ืžื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ ืื• ืžืœื™ื—ื”, ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืชื•ืจื”. ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ื™ื•ืฆื ืฉื’ื ืœืฉื™ื˜ืชื ื”ืžืœื™ื—ื” ื•ื”ืฆืœื™ื™ื” ื ื•ืขื“ื” ืœืžื ื•ืข ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื—ื›ืžื™ื. ื•ื›"ื› ืฉื•"ืช ืจื™"ื ืžื’ื•ืจ ื™ื•"ื“ ื–; ื•ืžื”ืจืฉ"ื ื’, ืฉื›.
^ 5.. ืœืจืžื‘"ื ื•ืจื"ื”, ื”ืžืœื™ื—ื” ืžื•ืฆื™ืื” ืืช ื”ื“ื ืžื”ื—ืœืง ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื“ื ืฉื‘ืคื ื™ื ืœื ื™ืฆื, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื‘ืจื•ืชื—ื™ื, ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ื”ื“ื ื™ื•ืฆืžืช ืœื‘ืฉืจ ื•ืœื ื™ืคืจื•ืฉ, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื• ืื™ืกื•ืจ. ืื•ืœื ืœืจื•ื‘ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืžืœื™ื—ื” ื•ื”ืฆืœื™ื™ื” ืื™ื ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื–ืœื™ื ื”ืื“ื•ืžื™ื ืฉื‘ื‘ืฉืจ, ืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ. ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืœื›ื” ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืœื”ืœืŸ (ื‘ื”ืœื›ื” ื–, 12). ื•ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืงืฉื”, ืฉื’ื ืื—ืจ ื”ืžืœื™ื—ื” ืขื•ื“ ื ื•ืชืจ ื“ื ื‘ื‘ืฉืจ. ืืœื ืฉื‘ืืžืช ืงืฉื” ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืžื”ื• ื“ื, ืฉื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื“ื ื›ื“ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืื“ื•ืžื•ืช ื•ืœื‘ื ื•ืช, ื•ืžืŸ ื”ืกืชื ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืœืื“ื•ืžื•ืช ื›ื“ื, ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ื”ืŸ ืื™ื ืŸ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืงื‘ื•ืข, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ืžืœื™ื—ื” ื•ื”ืฆืœื™ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืจื•ืงืŸ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื ื•ื–ืœื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ, ื•ื”ืฉืืœื” ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืืช ืžื” ืฉื ื•ืชืจ. ืื›ืŸ ืœืจืฉื‘"ื ื”ื›ืฉืจืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื‘ืžืœื™ื—ื” ืื• ื‘ืฆืœื™ื™ื” ืžื•ืฆื™ืื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื ืฉื‘ื•, ื•ื”ื ื•ื–ืœื™ื ื”ืื“ื•ืžื™ื ืฉื ืฉืืจื™ื ื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ืื™ื ื ื“ื ืืœื ืžื•ื”ืœ. ื•ื›"ื› ื”ืชืจื•ืžื” ื•ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš. ื•ืœื“ืขืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืฉืœื ื›ืชื‘ื• ื›ืจืฉื‘"ื, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืืฃ ืื ื”ืจื›ื‘ื• ื”ื›ื™ืžื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื”ืœ ื”ื™ื•ืฆื ืื—ืจ ืžืœื™ื—ื” ื•ืฆืœื™ื™ื” ืžื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ื›ืžื• ืฉืœ ื“ื, ืœื”ืœื›ื” ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื“ื™ืŸ ื“ื. ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืžื” ืฉืืกืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื“ื ืžื‘ื•ืฉืœ, ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœื“ื ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืžื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืœื™ื—ื” ืื• ืฆืœื™ื™ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื ื•ื–ืœื™ื ืฉืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ืžืœื™ื—ื” ืื• ื‘ืฆืœื™ื™ื” ืื™ื ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืœื›ืชื™ืช ื›ื“ื ืืœื ืžื•ื”ืœ ื•''ื—ึตืžึธืจ ื‘ืฉืจ'. ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืœืžื“ื ื• ื‘ื”ืขืจื” ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช, ืœืจื•ื‘ื ื”ืžื›ืจื™ืข ืฉืœ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื“ื ืฉื”ืชื‘ืฉืœ ืขื ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืืกื•ืจ ืžื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ื•ืืฃ ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื“ื ืฉื‘ืœื•ืข ื‘ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื‘ื•ืฉืœ ืืกื•ืจ ืžื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืœื ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืื™ืกื•ืจ ื–ื” ื™ื—ื•ืœ ืขืœ ื“ื ืฉื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืื™ื ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ืื• ืžื”ื‘ืฉืจ, ืฉืœื ื ื™ืชื ื” ืชื•ืจื” ืœืžืœืื›ื™ ื”ืฉืจืช, ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืžื•ื›ืจื—ื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืขืœ ื”ื ื•ื–ืœื™ื ื”ืื“ื•ืžื™ื ืฉื ื•ืชืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ืฉืจ ืื—ืจ ื”ืžืœื™ื—ื” ื•ื”ืฆืœื™ื™ื” ืœื ื—ืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื“ื, ื•ื’ื ืื ื”ื•ื ื™ื–ื•ื‘ ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”, ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœืื•ื›ืœื•.
^ 6.. ื”ื’ืื•ื ื™ื ื›ืชื‘ื• ืขืœ ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืจื•ืชื—ื™ื ื•ื‘ื—ื•ืžืฅ: "ื“ื”ืื™ ืื™ื“ื ื ืœื ื‘ืงื™ืื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื—ืœื™ื˜ื”, ื•ืกืคืง ืื™ืกื•ืจื ืœื—ื•ืžืจื... ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ" (ืจื™"ืฃ ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืœื˜, ื‘). ื›ืคื™ ื”ื ืจืื” ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉื‘ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ื—ื“ ื•ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื•ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืœื—ืชื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื - ืžืกื•ืจืช ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื”. ืื•ืœื ืžืฉื’ืœื• ืžืžืงื•ื ืœืžืงื•ื, ื”ืฉืชื ื• ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื•ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ื—ืชื™ื›ื•ืช, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื• ื—ืฉืฉื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื—ื•ืžื ื•ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื ืชื—ื™ ื”ื‘ืฉืจ. ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื—ื•ืžืฅ ื™ื™ืŸ, ืื‘ื“ื” ื”ืžืกื•ืจืช ื›ืžื” ื—ื•ืžืฅ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืื™ื–ื” ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ื—ืชื™ื›ืช ื‘ืฉืจ, ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ืขื ื‘ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ื—ื•ืžืฅ ื”ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ืœืฉ, ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืœื ื™ื“ืขื• ืื™ื–ื• ืื“ืžื•ืžื™ืช ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืกื™ืžืŸ ืœืื™ืกื•ืจ.
ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“, ืื ื›ื‘ืจ ื—ืœื˜ื• ื‘ืฉืจ ื‘ืžื™ื ืจื•ืชื—ื™ื ืื• ื—ื•ืžืฅ ื•ืื—"ื› ื‘ื™ืฉืœื•ื”ื• ื‘ืœื ืžืœื™ื—ื” - ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื›ืฉืจ, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื’ืื•ื ื™ื ืœื ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ื ื• ืœืื•ืกืจื• ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ (ืจืฉื‘"ื, ืฉื•"ืข ืขื’, ื‘, ืฉ"ืš, ืคืจ"ื— ื•ืขื•ื“ ืจื‘ื™ื). ื•ืืžื ื ื™ืฉ ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื’ื ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ื‘ืฉืจ ืฉื ื—ืœื˜ ืืกื•ืจ, ืฉืžื ืœื ื—ืœื˜ื• ืื•ืชื• ื›ืจืื•ื™ (ื‘"ื— ื•ื—ื•ื•"ื“ ื˜; ื“ืจื›"ืช ืกื˜, ืฉืœ). ืื•ืœื ื”ืœื›ื” ื›ื“ืขืช ื”ืžืงื™ืœื™ื, ืฉื”ื ื”ืจื•ื‘, ื•ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ืฉื›ืŸ ื“ื ืžื‘ื•ืฉืœ ืืกื•ืจ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื. ืœื ื–ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืืœื ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ื’ืื•ื ื™ื, ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืื™ืŸ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืžืœื•ื— ื•ืœืฆืœื•ืช, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื—ืชื•ืš ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืœื—ืชื™ื›ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช, ื•ืœื”ื˜ื™ืœืŸ ืื—ืช ืื—ืช ืœืžื™ื ืจื•ืชื—ื™ื ืฉืžืขืœื™ื ืื“ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ืชื•ืš ื”ืฉื’ื—ื” ืฉื”ืžื™ื ื™ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืœืจืชื•ื— ื•ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืื“ื™ื ื’ื ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื˜ืœืช ื›ืœ ื—ืชื™ื›ื”. ื•ื”ื•ื‘ืื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ื‘ื›ื ื”"ื’ ื•ืžื—ื–"ื‘ ืกื˜, ื ื. ื•ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืกื•ืžื›ื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื ืืฃ ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”, ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืœื”ืœืŸ ื‘ื”ืœื›ื” ื˜.
^ 7.. ื”ืคืž"ื’ ื‘ื”ืงื“ืžืชื• ืœื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืžืœื™ื—ื” ืกื™ื“ืจ ืฉืฉ ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ืขื ื”ื”ื“ื—ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉื—ื™ืœืงื• ืืช ื”ื“ืขื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื•ื ื”. ืื•ืœื ื ืจืื” ืฉื—ื›ืžื™ื ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ื ื• ื‘ื”ื•ืจืืชื ืœื›ืœ ื”ื˜ืขืžื™ื ื•ื”ืชื•ืขืœื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื“ื—ื” ืฉืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžืœื™ื—ื”, ืืžื ื ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ืชื”ื™ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืœื›ืชื™ืช ืœื˜ืขื ื”ื”ื“ื—ื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื™ืจื• ื˜ืขืžื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ื›ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื ืœื“ืขืชื. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื, ืื ื—ืชื›ื• ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื”ื“ื—ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ืœื˜ืขื ืฉื”ื”ื“ื—ื” ื ื•ืขื“ื” ืœืจื™ื›ื•ืš ื”ื‘ืฉืจ, ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ื“ื™ื—ื• ืฉื•ื‘. ื•ืœื˜ืขื ืฉื”ื™ื ื ื•ืขื“ื” ืœื”ืกืจืช ื”ื“ื ืฉืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ื‘ืฉืจ, ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื”ื“ื™ื—ื• ืฉื•ื‘, ื•ื›ืŸ ื ืคืกืง ืœืžืขืฉื” (ืฉื•"ืข ื•ืจืž"ื ืกื˜, ื). ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื ื•ืกืคืช, ืื ืžืœื—ื• ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื‘ืœื ื”ื“ื—ื” ืชื—ื™ืœื”, ืœื˜ืขื ืฉื”ื”ื“ื—ื” ื ื•ืขื“ื” ืœืจื™ื›ื•ืš ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืœื— ืœืฉืื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ื“ื ืžื”ื‘ืฉืจ, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ื“ื™ื— ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ืœืžื•ืœื—ื• ื‘ืฉื ื™ืช. ืื‘ืœ ืœื˜ืขื ืฉื”ืžืœื— ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื‘ืœื™ืข ื“ื ื‘ืขื™ืŸ (ื“ื ืžืžืฉ) ืฉืžื•ื ื— ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืœืชื•ื›ื•, ืื™ืŸ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืฆื‘. ืœืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืฉื•"ืข ืกื˜, ื‘, ืกืชื ื›ื“ืขืช ื”ืžืงื™ืœื™ื ื•ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืื•ืกืจื™ื, ื•ื”ืจืž"ื ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื‘ื”ืคืกื“ ืžืจื•ื‘ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืงืœ. ืกื‘ืจืช ื”ืžืงื™ืœื™ื: ืื• ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืขื™ืงืจ ื˜ืขื ื”ื”ื“ื—ื” ืื™ื ื• ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ื”ื‘ืœืขืช ื”ื“ื ื‘ื‘ืฉืจ, ืื• ืฉื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ืžื—ืฉื™ื‘ื™ื ื’ื ื“ื ื–ื” ื›ื“ื ืคืœื™ื˜ื” ืฉืื™ื ื• ื‘ืขื™ืŸ, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ื’ื ืื ื”ืžืœื— ื”ื‘ืœื™ืขื• ืœื‘ืฉืจ, ื”ืžืœื™ื—ื” ืฉืื—"ื› ืชื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืชื•ืฆื™ื ืื•ืชื• (ื‘ื™ื ืช ืื“ื ื›ื–).
ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืฉื”ืžื™ื ืฉืžื“ื™ื—ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืงืจื™ื ืžืื•ื“, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื”ื‘"ื™ ืกื˜, ื, ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืจืื‘ื™"ื”, ืฉืื ื”ืžื™ื ืงืจื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื™ืฉ ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉื™ืฆืžื™ืชื• ืืช ื”ื“ื ื•ื™ืคืจื™ืขื• ืœื• ืœืฆืืช. ื•ื›"ื› ื›ืžื” ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื (ื›ื ื”"ื’, ื“ื’ื•ืœ ืžืจื‘ื‘ื”, ืคืž"ื’, ืคืช"ืฉ ืกื˜, ื; ืขืจื•ื”"ืฉ ื•). ืขืœ ืคื™ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืฉื”ื•ืจื• ืœื›ืฉืจื•ืช ืžื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืžื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื—ื•ื ืฉืœ 10 ืžืขืœื•ืช, ื•ืœื›ืœ ื”ืคื—ื•ืช 5-7 ืžืขืœื•ืช (ื ื”ืจื•ืช ืื™ืชืŸ ื—"ื‘ ื™ื•"ื“ ื›ื’). ื’ื ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื™ืช ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืœืคื—ื•ืช 8 ืžืขืœื•ืช. ืžื ื’ื“, ืœื“ืขืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ืžื™ื ื–ื•ืจืžื™ื, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืœื ืงืคื•ืื™ื, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื“ื™ื— ื‘ื”ื. ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืœืคื™ ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉื”ื”ื“ื—ื” ื ื•ืขื“ื” ืœื”ืกืจืช ื”ื“ื ืžืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ื‘ืฉืจ. ื•ื’ื ืœื˜ืขื ืฉื”ื™ื ื ื•ืขื“ื” ืœืจื›ืš ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ, ืœื“ืขืช ื›ืžื” ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืืคืฉืจ ืฉื”ืžื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืงืจื™ื ืžืื•ื“ (ื˜ื•ื‘ ื˜ืขื ื•ื“ืขืช ืชืœื™ืชืื™ ืงืœื’; ืชืคืืจืช ืฆื‘ื™ ื™ื•"ื“ ื’; ื—ื–ื•"ื ื™ื•"ื“ ื™, ื“). ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœืคื™ ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื”ื•ื•ื˜ืจื™ื ืจื™ ื™ืฉ ืœืงืจืจ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืžื—ืœื•ืช, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ื”ื™ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ ืฉื‘ืงื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ืžื™ื ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ื”ื™ื“ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื™ื ืคื•ืฉืจื™ื, ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืจืง ืœื—ืœืง ืžื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืื—ื“ ื”ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื ืœื”ื“ื—ื”.
^ 8.. ืœืจืฉื‘"ื ืื ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื ืžืœื— ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ืื• ื‘ืขื•ืฃ ืžืฆื“ื• ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ืื• ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™, ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ื”ืžืœื™ื—ื” ื”ื•ืขื™ืœื” ืœืฉืื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ื“ื ืžื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืฉืจ. ื•ื›"ื› ืื•ืจื—ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื, ืžื’ื™ื“ ืžืฉื ื”, ืจ"ืŸ ื•ืฉื•"ืข ืกื˜, ื“. ืžื ื’ื“, ืœืจื•ืงื—, ืžืจื“ื›ื™, ืื•"ื” ื”ืืจื•ืš ื•ื™ืฉ"ืฉ, ื”ืžืœื™ื—ื” ืžื•ืขื™ืœื” ืœืฉืื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ื“ื ื”ืกืžื•ืš ืœืฆื“ ื”ื ืžืœื—, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืžืœื•ื— ืืช ืฉื ื™ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื, ื•ืื ื ืžืœื— ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ - ืืกื•ืจ. ื•ื‘ื™ืืจ ืจืž"ื ืกื˜, ื“, ืฉืื ืขื•ื“ ืœื ืขื‘ืจื• ื™"ื‘ ืฉืขื•ืช, ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžื•ืœื—ื• ืžื”ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืื• ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื•ืœื”ื›ืฉื™ืจื• ื‘ื›ืš ืœื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ. ื•ืื ืขื‘ืจื• ื™"ื‘ ืฉืขื•ืช, ืจืง ื‘ืฆืœื™ื™ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื›ืฉื™ืจื•. ืขื•ื“ ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืž"ื ืฉืื ื‘ื™ืฉืœ ืื—ืจ ืฉืžืœื— ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“, ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœ ื”ืžืงื™ืœื™ื. ืœืžืขืœื” ื ื˜ื™ืชื™ ืžืขื˜ ืœืฆื“ ื”ืฉื•"ืข ื•ื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ืฉื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ืื ื‘ื™ืฉืœ - ืžื•ืชืจ, ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื“ื ืฉื‘ื™ืฉืœื• ืืกื•ืจ ืžื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ, ื•ืกืคืง ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ ืœืงื•ืœื. ื•ืžื ื’ื“, ืืฃ ืฉื”ืฉื•"ืข ื”ื™ืงืœ ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ืœื‘ืฉืœ ื‘ืฉืจ ืฉื ืžืœื— ื‘ืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืœื ืœืชืงืŸ ื–ืืช, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืชืงืŸ ื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ืœืชืงื ื• ื›ืคื™ ืฉื‘ื™ืืจ ื”ืจืž"ื, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ืขืจืš ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืกื˜, ื—; ื–ื‘ื—ื™ ืฆื“ ื ื—; ื‘ื"ื— ืฉ"ืฉ ืื—ืจื™ ืžื•ืช ื‘. โ†
ืืฃ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืžืœื•ื— ืืช ื”ืื™ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืžื›ืœ ืฆื“ื“ื™ื”ื (ืคืž"ื’ ืกื˜ ืžืฉ"ื– ื˜ื•), ืื™ืŸ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ื›ืœื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉืงื•ืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ืจื›ื™ ื”ืขื•ืฃ, ื›ื™ ื”ืŸ ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื’ื ื“ื‘ื•ืงื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื•ืฃ, ื•ืกื•ืžื›ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžืœื™ื—ื” ืฉืœื”ืŸ ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“.
^ 9.. ืœืขื™ืœ ื‘ื”ืขืจื” 3 ื”ื•ื‘ืื” ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืื ื“ื ืฉืคืจืฉ ืžืžืงื•ื ืœืžืงื•ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืืกื•ืจ, ื•ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื–ื• ืชืœื•ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืœื— ื‘ืฉืจ ื‘ื›ืœื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื ื•ืงื‘. ืœื“ืขืช ืจื‘ื™ื ืจืง ื—ืœืง ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื˜ื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ื“ื ื•ืขื•ื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืงืœื™ืคื” ื ืืกืจ, ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื”ื“ื ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืœื”ื™ื‘ืœืข ื‘ื• ื‘ื›ื•ื— ืจื‘, ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ืื™ืŸ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืฆืœื™ื™ื” (ืฉื•"ืข ืกื˜, ื™ื—). ื•ืœื“ืขืช ืจื‘ื ื• ืคืจืฅ ื•ื”ืจืž"ื, ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื ืืกืจ, ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื”ื“ื ืฉื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื›ื‘ืจ ื–ื– ืœืฆืืช ืžืžืงื•ืžื•, ื•ืขื™ืงืจ ื™ืฆื™ืืชื• ืœืฉื™ื˜ืชื ื”ื™ื ื›ืœืคื™ ืžื˜ื”, ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฆืืช ืœืžื˜ื” ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ืกื•ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื“ื ืฉื”ืชืงื‘ืฅ ืฉื, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืคืจื•ืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ืœื ื™ืฆื, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื ืืกืจ. ื•ืœืจืฉื‘"ื, ื”ื“ื ื™ื•ืฆื ื’ื ืžื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืืฃ ืฉืœื“ืขืชื• ื“ื ืฉื–ื– ืžืžืงื•ืžื• ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืืกื•ืจ, ื›ืืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฆืืช ืžื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื, ื”ืœื›ื” ื›ื“ืขืช ื”ืžืงื™ืœื™ื ื•ืจืง ื”ื—ืœืง ืฉื˜ื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ื“ื ืืกื•ืจ.
^ 10.. ื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ื’ืื•ื ื™ื ืฉืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžืฉืš ื”ืžืœื™ื—ื” ื”ื•ื ื›ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฆืœื™ื™ื”, ืฉื›ืŸ ืฉื ื™ื”ื ืฉื•ืื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ื, ื•ืืฃ ืฉื”ืฆืœื™ื™ื” ืฉื•ืื‘ืช ื‘ื›ื•ื— ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืžืฉืš ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืื™ื‘ื” ืฉื•ื•ื”. ื ื—ืœืงื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื: ืœืื•ืจ ื–ืจื•ืข ื•ืฉืขืจื™ ื“ื•ืจื, ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื›ืคื™ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฆืœื™ื™ืช ืื•ืชื” ื—ืชื™ื›ื”. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืื ื”ื—ืชื™ื›ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื–ืžืŸ ืฆืœื™ื™ืชื” ืืจื•ืš, ื’ื ื–ืžืŸ ืžืœื™ื—ืชื” ืืจื•ืš ื›ืžื•ืชื•. ื•ืœื“ืขืช ืจื‘ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ื›ืš, ืฉืœื ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื, ื•ืœื ื–ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืืœื ืฉื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ื—ืชื™ื›ื” ื™ื“ื•ืข ืื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืœื–ืžืŸ ื”ืฆืœื™ื™ื” ืฉืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื—ื•ื–ืง ื”ืืฉ. ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืฆืœื™ื™ื” ื”ื•ื ื›ืžื”ืœืš ืžื™ืœ (ืจืžื‘"ื, ืจืฉ"ื™ ืจืื‘ื™"ื”, ืฉื•"ืข ืกื˜, ื•). ื•ืื›ืŸ ื‘ืืฉ ื—ื–ืงื” ืžืื•ื“, ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฆืœื•ืช ื—ืฆื™ ืฆืœื™ื™ื” ืืคื™ืœื• ื—ืชื™ื›ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžืื•ื“. ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืชืจื•ืžืช ื”ื“ืฉืŸ ืงืกื–, ืฉืจื‘ื™ื ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื”ืžืชื™ืŸ ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื›ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืขื”, ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืกืคื™ืง ืœืฆืœื™ื™ืช ื”ื—ืชื™ื›ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฆืœื™ื™ื” ื’ืžื•ืจื”, ื•ื›"ื› ืจืž"ื ืกื˜, ื•, ื•ื‘ื"ื— ืฉ"ืฉ ื˜ื”ืจื•ืช ื™ื–, ืฉื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”, ื•ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืกืชืคืง ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื™ืœ. ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื™ืœ ืœืฉื•"ืข 18 ื“ืงื•ืช (ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืฉื•"ืข ืื•"ื— ืชื ื˜, ื‘). ื•ืืฃ ืฉื™ืฉ ืžื—ืžื™ืจื™ื ืœื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื• 22.5 ื“ืงื•ืช, ืื• 24 ื“ืงื•ืช (ืขื™' ื‘ืื•"ื” ืชื ื˜, ื‘). ืœืจื•ื”"ืค ื”ื•ื 18 ื“ืงื•ืช, ืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ื–ื”, ืฉื“ื ืฉื‘ื™ืฉืœื• ืืกื•ืจ ืžื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ.
^ 11.. ืขื™' ืฉื•"ืข ื•ืจืž"ื ืกื˜, ื–, ื•ืžืคืจืฉื™ื, ืฉื™ืฉ ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื”ื“ื—ื•ืช, ื•ื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ื›ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœืช ืขืœ ื›ื•ืœื. ืืžื ื ืฉื˜ื™ืคื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืžื™ื ื–ื•ืจืžื™ื ืžืกื™ืจื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืช ื”ื“ื ื•ื”ืžืœื—, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื›ืฉืจื” ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”, ื•ื›"ื› ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ืขื•, ืขืžืง ื“ื‘ืจ ืงืขื”. ืื ืฉื˜ืคื• ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืคืขื ืื—ืช ื•ืื—"ื› ื‘ื™ืฉืœื•ื”ื•, ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื›ืฉืจ, ืฉื›ืŸ ืžืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื—ื” ืื—ืช ืžืกืคื™ืงื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืกื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืœื— ื•ื”ื“ื ืฉืขืœ ื”ื‘ืฉืจ, ื•ื’ื ืื ื ืฉืืจ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืฉืžืฅ ืžืœื— ืื• ื“ื, ื”ื•ื ื•ื“ืื™ ื‘ื˜ืœ ื‘ืฉื™ืฉื™ื. ื•ืื ื‘ื™ืฉืœื•ื”ื• ื‘ืœื ืœื”ื“ื™ื—ื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืคืขื ืื—ืช, ืื ื™ืฉ ื‘ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœ ืคื™ ืฉื™ืฉื™ื ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ืžืœื— ื•ื”ื“ื ืฉืขืœื™ื• - ื”ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœ ืžื•ืชืจ, ื•ืื ืื™ืŸ - ื”ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœ ืืกื•ืจ (ื‘"ื™, ืฉื•"ืข ื•ืจืž"ื ืกื˜, ื˜).
^ 12.. ืœืขื™ืœ ื‘ื”ืœื›ื” ื’' ื•ื”ืขืจื” 5 ื”ื•ื‘ืื” ื‘ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ื“ืขืช ืจื•ื‘ื ื”ืžื›ืจื™ืข ืฉืœ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื, ื•ืžื”ื: ืจืื‘"ื“, ืจืฉื‘"ื, ืจ"ืŸ, ืจื™ื‘"ืฉ, ืžื’ื™ื“ ืžืฉื ื”, ื‘"ื—, ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื•ืขื•ื“ ืจื‘ื™ื. ื•ื›ื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ืจื"ื” ื•ื”ืจื™ื˜ื‘"ื. ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืœืจืžื‘"ื ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืžืœื™ื—ื”, ืืœื ืฉื‘ื™ืืจ ื”ืจ"ืŸ, ืฉืื ืœื ื™ืžืœื—ื• ื™ืฉ ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืชืคืœื™ื˜ ื“ื ืžื”ืฆื“ ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ืชื‘ืœื™ืขื• ื‘ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื™ื™ืืกืจ, ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื™ืฉ ืœืžื•ืœื—ื• ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ื ื”ืกืžื•ืš ืœื—ื•ืฅ, ื•ืื—"ื› ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืชืฆืžื™ืช ืืช ื”ื ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื•. ื‘ื‘"ื™ ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืืคืฉืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื—ื•ืฉ ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื, ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ืืจ ื”ืฉ"ืš ืกื˜, ืขื—, ื‘ื“ืขืช ื”ืฉื•"ืข ืกื˜, ื™ื˜. ื•ื‘ืขืจื•ื”"ืฉ ืกื˜, ืœื•-ืž, ื‘ื™ืืจ ืฉื’ื ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื™ืกื›ื™ื ืฉืื ื”ืžืœื™ื—ื” ื ืžืฉื›ื” ืฉืขื”, ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื—ืœื™ื˜ื”. ื•ื›"ื› ื”ื ืฆื™"ื‘ (ื”ืขืžืง ืฉืืœื” ื•ื™ืงืจื ืกื—, ื™ื’). ื•ื”ืจื‘ ืงืืคื— ืขืœ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืœื ื”ืกื›ื™ื ืœื–ื”, ื•ื‘ืฉื•"ืข ื”ืžืงื•ืฆืจ ืงืœื‘, ื™ื’-ื™ื“, ื”ืกื›ื™ื ืœื–ื” ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืช ืฉืžืชืืจื—ื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื. ื•ืœืขื "ื“ ืขื•ืœื™ ืชื™ืžืŸ ืจืฉืื™ื ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ืขืจื•ื”"ืฉ ื‘ื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื’ื ื›ืฉื”ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื, ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื”ื•ื ืกืคืง ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ (ืขื™' ืœืขื™ืœ ื‘ื”ืขืจื” 4), ื•ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ื ืงืœืฉ, ื›ื™ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื”ืงืœ ื›ืฉืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื›ืฉืžืชืืจื—ื™ื, ื•ื™ืฉื ื ืืฃ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืžืขื•ืœื™ ืชื™ืžืŸ ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื”ืงืœ ื‘ื–ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื. ืืžื ื ื™ืฉ ื‘ื›ืš ื”ื™ื“ื•ืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘, ื•ื‘ื ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื“ืจ, ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืขื•ืœื™ ืชื™ืžืŸ, ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื”ื“ืจื• ื›ืจืžื‘"ื.
^ 13.. ื™ืฉ ืฉื”ืฆื™ืขื• ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžืœื— ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉื ื•ืขื“ ืœื—ื•ืœื™ื ืืœื•, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืžืœื— ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื ืชืจืŸ, ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ืžืœื— ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืฉืœ ืืฉืœื’ืŸ ืื• ืืžื•ื ื™ื•ื, ืฉื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื ืžืฆื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื•ืขื™ืœ ืœื”ื•ืฆืืช ื”ื“ื ื›ืžื• ืžืœื— ืจื’ื™ืœ (ื‘ื™ืช ืื‘ื™ ื, ืคื˜; ืฉืฉ"ื› ืž, ืง). ืžื ื’ื“, ื™ืฉ ืฉืื™ื ื ืกื•ืžื›ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช, ื•ืœื“ืขืชื ืœื ืืžืจื• ื—ื–"ืœ ืœืžืœื•ื— ืืœื ื‘ืžืœื— ืจื’ื™ืœ ืฉืžื›ื™ืœ ื ืชืจืŸ. ื•ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœื ื™ื•ื›ื— ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื•ืช ืฉืชื—ืœื™ืคื™ื ืืœื• ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžืœื— ืจื’ื™ืœ, ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื›ืฉื™ืจ ื‘ื”ื ื‘ืฉืจ (ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืขื•ื–ื™ืืœ ื—"ื‘ ื™ื•"ื“ ื–; ืฉืื™ืœืช ื™ืฉื•ืจื•ืŸ ื ื™ื•"ื“ ื™ื’). ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื“ื—ืง, ื›ืฉืื™ืŸ ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืื—ืจ, ืืคืฉืจ ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœ ื”ืžืงื™ืœื™ื, ืฉื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ืฉื“ื ืฉื‘ื™ืฉืœื• ืืกื•ืจ ืžื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ.
^ 14.. ืื ื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื“ื ื‘ืขื™ืŸ, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื“ื ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ืžื‘ืฉืจ ืื—ืจ, ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืฉื•ื˜ืคื• ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฆืœื™ื™ื”. ื•ืื ืœื ืฉื˜ืคื•ื”ื•, ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ื•ื— ื”ืืฉ ืœืฉื•ืื‘ื•, ื•ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื ืืกืจ ื›ื“ื™ ื ื˜ื™ืœื” (ืขื•ื‘ื™ 1.9 ืก"ืž) ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื• ื“ื (ืชื•ืก' ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืงื™ื’, ื, 'ืื™ืŸ'; ืฉื•"ืข ืขื•, ื). ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืื ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืฉืจ ืคื™ ืฉืฉื™ื ื ื’ื“ื• - ื›ื•ืœื• ื ืืกืจ (ื˜"ื– ื, ืฉ"ืš ื”). ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ื“ื ืฉืขืœื™ื• ื”ื•ื ื”ื“ื ืฉื™ืฆื ืžืžื ื•, ืœื“ืขืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื“ื™ื—ื• ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฆืœื™ื™ื” (ืชื•ืก', ืจืฉื‘"ื, ืจื"ืฉ ื•ืจ"ืŸ), ื•ื›ืŸ ื ืคืกืง ื‘ืฉื•"ืข ืขื•, ื-ื‘. ื•ื”ืจืž"ื ืขื•, ื‘, ื›ืชื‘ ืฉืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื™ืฉ ืœืฉื•ื˜ืคื• ื•ืœืžื•ืœื—ื•, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ืฉืชื™ ื“ืขื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื: ื) ื“ืขืช ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ื•ืจ"ืŸ, ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื“ื™ื— ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืžื”ื“ื ืฉืขืœื™ื•, ืฉืื ืœื ื›ืŸ ื”ืืฉ ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื‘ืœื™ืข ืืช ื”ื“ื ื‘ื‘ืฉืจ. ื‘) ื“ืขืช ืจืฉ"ื™, ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ืจืื‘"ื“, ืฉื”ืฆืœื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืžืขื˜ ืžืœื™ื—ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืคืœื•ื˜ ืืช ื“ืžื•. ืืžื ื ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“, ืื ืœื ื”ื“ื™ื—ื• ื•ืœื ืžืœื—ื•, ื’ื ื”ืจืž"ื ืžืกื›ื™ื ืฉื”ืฆืœื™ื™ื” ื”ื›ืฉื™ืจื” ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ, ื•ื›ื“ืขืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื•ืืฃ ื”ืžื—ืžื™ืจื™ื ืœื ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื”ื—ืžื™ืจื• ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“. ื•ืืฃ ืฉืœื“ืขืช ืฉื•"ืข ืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื“ื™ื— ื•ืœืžืœื•ื— ืžืขื˜, ื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ืฉื›ืš ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ืœืืคื•ืฉื™ ืคืœื•ื’ืชื (ืœื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช) ื‘ื™ืŸ ืกืคืจื“ื™ื ื•ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ื, ืžื” ืขื•ื“ ืฉื’ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืกืงื™ ื”ืกืคืจื“ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื‘ื”ืงื™ื ื™ืฉื ื ืฉื”ื•ืจื• ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื›ืš ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ื›ื ื”"ื’ ื•ื”ื—ื™ื“"ื ื‘ืžื—ื–"ื‘ ืขื•, ื’. ื•ื‘ื–ื‘ื—ื™ ืฆื“ืง ืขื•, ื—, ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื›ืš ื ื”ื’ื• ื‘ื‘ื’ื“ืื“.
^ 15.. ืจื•ื‘ ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœื ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจื• ื”ื“ื—ื” ืื—ืจ ื”ืฆืœื™ื™ื”, ื•ืžื”ื: ืจืฉื‘"ื, ืจ"ืŸ ื•ืฉื•"ืข ืขื•, ื‘. ืืžื ื ืœืฉืขืจื™ ื“ื•ืจื, ืื ืœื ืžืœื— ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฆืœื™ื™ื” ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœืฉื•ื˜ืคื• ืื—ืจ ื”ืฆืœื™ื™ื”. ื•ืœืื•"ื” ื”ืืจื•ืš, ืื ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœื‘ืฉืœ ืืช ื”ืฆืœื™ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื”ื“ื™ื—ื•. ื•ืœืจืž"ื ืขื’, ื”; ืขื•, ื‘, ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื”ื“ื™ื—ื• ื’ื ื›ืฉืื•ื›ืœื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืฆืœื™, ื•ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ืื ืœื ื”ื“ื™ื—ื• ื›ืฉืจ. ื•ืœืžื ื”ื’ ื”ืจืž"ื ืœื”ื“ื™ื—ื• - ื™"ื ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื“ื™ื—ื• ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื (ืฉ"ืš ืขื•, ื˜ื•), ื•ื™"ื ืคืขื ืื—ืช (ืจืฉ"ืœ). ื•ืืฃ ืฉืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืฉืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ื ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ื‘ื–ื” ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”, ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื›ืš ืงื•ืฉื™, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ื›ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื”ืœื›ื”, ื•ื›ื“ืขืช ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื”ืกืคืจื“ื™ื (ื‘"ื™, ืคืจื™ ืชื•ืืจ ืขื•, ื˜ื–; ืฉืœื—ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื˜; ื–ื‘"ืฆ ืœื’). ื•ืืฃ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื”ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืฉื”ืงื™ืœื• ื‘ื–ื” ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” (ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ืขื’, ื‘, ื’ืจ"ื ื—), ื•ืืฃ ื”ืžื—ืžื™ืจื™ื ื”ื—ืžื™ืจื• ื‘ื–ื” ืจืง ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืฉื˜ื™ืคื” ืคื•ื’ืžืช ื‘ื˜ืขื ื”ืฆืœื™, ืืคืฉืจ ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœ ืจื•ื‘ ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืฉืœื ื›ืชื‘ื• ืœื”ื“ื™ื— ืื—ืจ ื”ืฆืœื™ื™ื”. ืžื” ืขื•ื“ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืฉื’ื ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืžื—ืžื™ืจื™ื ื”ืขื™ืงืจ ื›ื”ื’ื”ื•ืช ืฉืขืจื™ ื“ื•ืจื, ืฉืื ืฆืœื• ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืฆืœื™ื™ื” ื’ืžื•ืจื”, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ืœืฆืœื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืœืื›ื™ืœื”, ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ื“ื™ื—ื•. ื•ืืžื ื ื‘ืืฉื›ื ื– ืžืฆืื• ื”ืžื—ืžื™ืจื™ื ืœื–ื” ืคืชืจื•ืŸ, ืฉื”ื™ื• ืฆื•ืœื™ื ืžืขื˜, ืฉื•ื˜ืคื™ื ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœืฆืœื•ืช, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืขื ื”ืฆืœื™ื™ื” ื™ืฉืืจ (ืจืฉ"ืœ). ืื•ืœื ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ื˜ื•ืจื— ื•ืฆืขืจ, ื•ืืฃ ื”ืžื—ืžื™ืจื™ื ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืฉื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื›ืฉืจ ื‘ืœื ื”ื“ื—ื”, ื•ืืคื•ืฉื™ ืคืœื•ื’ืชื ืœื ืžืคืฉื™ื ืŸ, ื’ื ื™ื•ืฆืื™ ืืฉื›ื ื– ืจืฉืื™ื ืฉืœื ืœื”ื“ื™ื— ืื—ืจ ื”ืฆืœื™ื™ื”. ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื—ืžื™ืจื• ื”ื•ื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื ื”ื’ื• ื‘ืืฉื›ื ื– ืœื‘ืฉืœ ืืช ื”ืฆืœื™, ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืงืฉื” ืœื”ื“ืจ ื‘ื–ื”.
^ 16.. ื›ืคื™ ืฉืœืžื“ื ื• ื‘ื”ืขืจื” 3, ืœืจืฉื‘"ื ื•ืจืž"ื ื“ื ืฉืคืจืฉ ืžืžืงื•ื ืœืžืงื•ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื‘ืฉืจ, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืœื ื™ืฆื, ืืกื•ืจ. ื•ืœืจื"ืฉ, ืจื"ื” ื•ืฉื•"ืข, ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœื ื™ืฆื ืžื•ืชืจ. ืœืจืฉื‘"ื ื•ืจืž"ื, ื™ืฉ ืœืฆืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื›ืœ ื“ืžื• ื™ืฆื, ืฉืื ืœื ื›ืŸ ื™ืคืจื•ืฉ ืžืžืงื•ืžื• ื•ืœื ื™ืฆื ืœื—ื•ืฅ ื•ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื™ื™ืืกืจ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฆืœื•ืชื• ื—ืฆื™ ืฆืœื™ื™ื”, ืฉืื– ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื ื”ืืกื•ืจ ื™ื•ืฆื (ืจืž"ื ืขื•, ื‘, ืฉ"ืš ื™ื’). ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื’ื ืœืจืฉื‘"ื ืื ืฆืœื” ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื—ืฆื™ ืฆืœื™ื™ื” ื›ืฉืจ, ื›ื™ ื›ื•ื— ื”ืืฉ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื ืฉื ืขืงืจ ืžืžืงื•ืžื• ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” (ืขืจื•ื”"ืฉ, ื™ื‘ื™"ื ื—"ื— ื™ื•"ื“ ื˜). ื•ืœืจื"ืฉ ื•ืฉื•"ืข, ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœื‘ืฉืœ ืื—"ื› ืืช ื”ืฆืœื™, ื’ื ื‘ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื—ืฆื™ ืฆืœื™ื™ื” ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื›ืฉืจ ืœืื›ื™ืœื”. ื•ืืฃ ืฉื›ืš ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ืœืจื•ื”"ืค, ื•ื”ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœื™ื”ื ืจืฉืื™. ืœื ื”ื–ื›ืจืชื™ ืืช ื“ืขืชื ืœืžืขืœื”, ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ืœืฆืœื•ืช ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื—ืฆื™ ืฆืœื™ื™ื”, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ืžื“ื•ืข ืฉืœื ื™ืฆืื• ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื. (ื›ืืฉืจ ืฆื•ืœื™ื ื—ืชื™ื›ืช ื‘ืฉืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ื›ื“ืื™ ืœืฆืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืขืœ ืืฉ ื ืžื•ื›ื” ืœืžืฉืš ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘, ื•ื›ืš ื’ื ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืฉื‘ื‘ืฉืจ ื™ื’ื™ืข ืœื—ืฆื™ ืฆืœื™ื™ื” ื•ื™ื”ื™ื” ืจืื•ื™ ืœืื›ื™ืœื”).
ืื ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœื‘ืฉืœ ืื—"ื› ืืช ื”ืฆืœื™, ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฆืœื•ืชื• ื—ืฆื™ ืฆืœื™ื™ื” ืฉืื– ื›ืœ ื“ืžื• ื™ื•ืฆื (ืืฉื›ื•ืœ, ืจื"ืฉ ื‘ืฉื ื’ืื•ื ื™ื, ืื•"ื” ื”ืืจื•ืš, ื•ืจืž"ื ืขื•, ื‘), ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื›ืš ื“ืขืช ื›ืœ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื (ื‘"ื—, ืฉ"ืš ืขื•, ื™ื“, ื•ืคืจ"ื—). ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืœื“ืขืช ืื•ืจ ื–ืจื•ืข ื•ืจื‘ื ื• ืคืจืฅ ื”ืžื•ื”ืœ ืฉื ืฉืืจ ืื—ืจ ื—ืฆื™ ืฆืœื™ื™ื” ืืกื•ืจ ืžืฉื•ื ื“ื, ื•ืื ื™ื‘ืฉืœื• ืืช ื”ื ืฆืœื” ื—ืฆื™ ืฆืœื™ื™ื”, ื™ืฆื ื”ื“ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืฆืœื™ ืฉืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ืชื‘ืฉืœ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฆืœื•ืช ืฆืœื™ื™ื” ื’ืžื•ืจื”. ื•ื—ืฉืฉื• ืœื“ืขืชื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื (ื™ืฉ"ืฉ, ื›ื ื”"ื’, ื‘ื™ืช ืœื—ื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”, ืžื—ื–"ื‘, ื‘ื"ื—. ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉืืฃ ื›ืชื‘ื•, ืฉื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ืงืฉื” ืœื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ืื™ืžืชื™ ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืฆืœื™ื™ื” ื’ืžื•ืจื”, ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืฆืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืžืฉื ื™ ืฆื“ื“ื™ื• ืขื“ ืฉื™ืชื™ื™ื‘ืฉ ืžื‘ื—ื•ืฅ, ืขื™' ื˜"ื– ืกื˜, ื ื“). ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื›ืืฉืจ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื ื”ื’ ื”ืžื—ืžื™ืจื™ื ืงื•ืฉื™ ื•ื”ืคืกื“, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืžืžื™ืœื ืžื‘ืฉืœื™ื ืื—"ื› ืืช ื”ืฆืœื™, ื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ืœืžืขืœื” ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื›ืžื•ืชื ืœืฆืœื•ืช ืฆืœื™ื™ื” ื’ืžื•ืจื”. ื•ืื ื‘ื™ืฉืœื• ืœืื—ืจ ื—ืฆื™ ืฆืœื™ื™ื” - ื›ืฉืจ.
^ 17.. ืœืจืž"ื ืขื–, ื, ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืื™ืŸ ืœืฆืœื•ืช ื—ืชื™ื›ืช ื‘ืฉืจ ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ืขื ื—ืชื™ื›ืช ื‘ืฉืจ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื›ืฉืจื” ืื• ืขื ืžืื›ืœ ืื—ืจ ื›ืชืคื•ื—ื™ ืื“ืžื”, ืฉืžื ื”ื—ืชื™ื›ื” ื”ืžื•ื›ืฉืจืช ืฉืื™ื ื” ืคื•ืœื˜ืช ืฆื™ืจ ืื• ื”ืžืื›ืœ ื”ืื—ืจ ื™ื‘ืœืขื• ืžื”ื“ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืชื™ื›ื” ืฉืขื•ื“ ืœื ื”ื•ื›ืฉืจื” ื•ืฉืžื ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื›ื•ื— ื‘ืฆืœื™ื™ื” ืœืคืœื•ื˜ ื“ื ื–ื” ืฉื‘ื ืืœื™ื”ื ืžื‘ื—ื•ืฅ. ืื•ืœื ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ืื™ืŸ ืœืืกื•ืจ, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืœืขื• ื›ืš ืคื•ืœื˜ื•. ื•ืœืฉื•"ืข ืืฃ ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืฆืœื•ืชื ื™ื—ื“.
^ 18.. ื“ื ื”ื™ื•ืฆื ืžื”ื›ื‘ื“, ืœืจืžื‘"ื, ืจืžื‘"ืŸ, ืจืฉื‘"ื ื•ืจ"ืŸ, ืืกื•ืจ ืžื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื•ืœืจ"ืช, ืื•"ื” ื”ืืจื•ืš, ืจืฉ"ืœ, ืฉ"ืš, ืืกื•ืจ ืžื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ, ื•ืจืง ื”ื“ื ืฉื›ื ื•ืก ื‘ืกื™ืžืคื•ื ื•ืช (ืฆื™ื ื•ืจื•ืช) ื”ื›ื‘ื“ ืืกื•ืจ ืžื”ืชื•ืจื” (ืฉืค"ื“ ืขื’, ื™ื“). ืœื“ืขืช ืจ"ืช, ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ื•ืจืฉื‘"ื, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื›ืฉื™ืจ ื›ื‘ื“ ื‘ืžืœื™ื—ื” ืœืื—ืจ ืงืจื™ืขืชื• ืฉืชื™ ื•ืขืจื‘. ื•ืื™ืœื• ืœืจืฉ"ื™, ืจื™ื˜ื‘"ื ื•ืจ"ืŸ ืžืœื™ื—ื” ืœื ืžื•ืขื™ืœื” ืœื”ื›ืฉืจืช ื›ื‘ื“ ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื™ืชื•ืš ื ื•ืขื“ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ื‘ืฆืœื™ื™ื”. ืœืžืขืฉื” ื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ื’ืื•ื ื™ื ืฉืจืง ื‘ืฆืœื™ื™ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื›ืฉื™ืจ ื›ื‘ื“, ื•ื ื—ืœืงื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ืื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ื•ืชื›ื• ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ. ืœืจื™"ืฃ, ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ืขื•ื“, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื›ืฉืจืชื• ื‘ืฆืœื™ื™ื” ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื—ื•ืชื›ื• ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ. ืœื‘ื”"ื’, ืจืฉ"ื™ ื•ืขื•ื“, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ื•ืชื›ื• ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฆืœื™ื™ื”, ื•ื›"ื› ื‘ืฉื•"ืข ืขื’, ื’. ืœืชื•ืก' ื•ืจื"ืฉ, ืื ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœืื•ื›ืœื• ืฆืœื™ ืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ื•ืชื›ื•, ื•ืื ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœื‘ืฉืœื• ืื—ืจ ื”ืฆืœื™ื™ื”, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ื•ืชื›ื• ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื›ืฉืจืชื• ื‘ืฆืœื™ื™ื”, ื•ื›"ื› ื”ืจืž"ื.
ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืกื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืจื” ืขื ืžืขื˜ ืžื”ื›ื‘ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฆืœื™ื™ื”, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื—ื•ืชื›ื™ื ื‘ื›ืš ืืช ื”ืกื™ืžืคื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื–ื” ืžื•ืขื™ืœ ื”ืŸ ืœื›ื‘ื“ ืขื•ืฃ ื•ื”ืŸ ืœื›ื‘ื“ ื‘ื”ืžื” (ืจืž"ื ื•ืจื•ื”"ืค ื›ื”"ื— ื™). ื•ื™"ื ืฉื‘ื›ื‘ื“ ื‘ื”ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ืื™ืŸ ื”ืกืจืช ื”ืžืจื” ืžืกืคืงืช (ื˜"ื– ื‘, ื•ื—ื•ื•"ื“), ืืœื ืฉื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืœืคืจื•ืก ื›ื‘ื“ ื‘ื”ืžื” ืœืคืจื•ืกื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ืฆืœื™ื™ืชื•, ื”ืจื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื—ื•ืชื›ื• ืฉืชื™ ื•ืขืจื‘, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœื ืคืจื˜ืชื™ ื”ืœื›ื” ื–ื• ืœืžืขืœื”. (ื•ื™ืฉ ืžื—ืžื™ืจื™ื ืœื—ืชื•ืš ื’ื ื›ื‘ื“ ืขื•ืฃ ืฉืชื™ ื•ืขืจื‘, ื“ืจื›"ืช ืขื’, ื›ื“).
ืขืœ ื›ื‘ื“ ืฉืœื ื”ื•ื›ืฉืจ ื•ื”ืชื‘ืฉืœ ืืžืจื• ื‘ืžืฉื ื” ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ื™, ื™ื: "ื”ื›ื‘ื“ ืื•ืกืจืช ื•ืื™ื ื” ื ืืกืจืช, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ืคื•ืœื˜ืช ื•ืื™ื ื” ื‘ื•ืœืขืช". ื”ืจื™ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืžืฆื“ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืœื‘ืฉืœ ื›ื‘ื“ ื‘ืœื ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ื•ืœืื•ื›ืœื•, ืื•ืœื ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ืชื‘ืฉืœ ืขืžื• ืืกื•ืจ. ืื‘ืœ ื ื—ืœืงื• ื”ืชื ืื™ื (ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืงื™ื, ื) ื•ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ื‘ื“ ืฉื ืฉืœืง (ื”ืชื‘ืฉืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ ืžืžื•ืฉืš). ืœืจื‘ื™ ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ ื‘ื ื• ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืงื”, ืืกื•ืจ, ืฉื›ืŸ ืœืื—ืจ ื’ืžืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ ื”ื•ื ืžืคืกื™ืง ืœืคืœื•ื˜ ื•ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืœื‘ืœื•ืข ืืช ื”ื“ื ืฉื™ืฆื ืžืžื ื•, ื•ื—ืฉืฉื• ืœื“ืขื” ื–ื• ืจื‘ื ื• ืคืจืฅ, ืื•"ื” ื”ืืจื•ืš ื•ืจืž"ื ืขื’, ื. ื•ืœืจื‘ื™ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื’ื ื›ื‘ื“ ืฉืœื•ืง - ืžื•ืชืจ, ื›ื™ ื’ื ื‘ืขืช ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืฉืœื™ืงื” ื”ื•ื ืจืง ืคื•ืœื˜ ื•ืœื ื‘ื•ืœืข (ื•ื›ืš ื’ื ื“ืขืช ืจ' ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ื ื•ืจื™ ื‘ืžืฉื ื” ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ื™, ื™ื). ื•ื›ืŸ ืคืกืงื• ืจืžื‘"ืŸ, ืจืฉื‘"ื ื•ืจื"ืฉ. ื•ื”ื’ืื•ื ื™ื ื”ื•ืจื• ืฉืœื ืœื‘ืฉืœ ื›ื‘ื“, ื•ื ื—ืœืงื• ื‘ื˜ืขื ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ: ื™"ื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื—ืฉืฉื• ืœื“ืขื” ืฉื›ื‘ื“ ืฉื ืฉืœืง ืืกื•ืจ ื•ืœื ื™ื“ืขื• ืœื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื‘ื•ืฉืœ ืœืฉืœื•ืง (ืจื‘ื ื• ืคืจืฅ, ืื•"ื” ื”ืืจื•ืš), ื•ื™"ื ืฉืืฃ ืฉื›ื‘ื“ ืฉื ืฉืœืง ืžื•ืชืจ, ื—ืฉืฉื• ืฉื™ื‘ืฉืœื• ืืช ื”ื›ื‘ื“ ืขื ืžืื›ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื•ื™ืฉื›ื—ื• ืฉื”ื ื ืืกืจื™ื, ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืงื“ื™ืจื” ื™ืฉื›ื—ื• ืฉื ืืกืจื” (ืจื™ื˜ื‘"ื, ื•ื›ืŸ ื ืจืื” ืžืจืžื‘"ืŸ, ืจืฉื‘"ื ื•ืจื"ืฉ). ื•ืœืจืžื‘"ื (ืžืื›"ื ื•, ื—) ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืื—ืจืช, ืฉื’ื ื›ื‘ื“ ืฉื”ืชื‘ืฉืœ ืืกื•ืจ. ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ืื ืขื‘ืจื• ืขืœ ื”ื•ืจืืช ื”ื’ืื•ื ื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ืฉืœื• ื›ื‘ื“, ืœืฉื•"ืข ืขื’, ื, ื‘ื“ืขืช ืกืชื - ืžื•ืชืจ (ื•ืžืฉืžืข ืฉื›ืš ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื’ื ื‘ืฉืœื•ืง), ื•ื”ืจืž"ื ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื”ืžื ื”ื’ ืœืืกื•ืจ, ื•ื›"ื› ื”ืฉ"ืš ื—.
^ 19.. ื”ืฆืœ"ื— (ืคืกื—ื™ื ืขื“, ื) ื”ืขืœื” ืกืคืง ืฉืžื ืจืง ืืฉ ื’ืœื•ื™ื” ืžื•ืขื™ืœื” ืœื”ื•ืฆืืช ื”ื“ื, ืื•ืœื ืœื”ืœื›ื” ื ืคืกืง ืฉื’ื ื—ื•ื ืžื•ืขื™ืœ ื›ืžื• ืืฉ ื’ืœื•ื™ื” (ื™ื“ ืืคืจื™ื, ื—ืงืจื™ ืœื‘, ื‘ื"ื—). ืื—ืจ ืฉื ืคืกืง ืฉื›ืœ ื—ื•ื ืžื•ืขื™ืœ, ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืื ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืžื•ื ื— ืขืœ ืžืฉื˜ื—, ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื• ื ืงื‘ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื“ื ืœื ื™ืชืงื‘ืฅ ื•ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื–ื•ื‘ ื“ืจื›ื (ืฆืœ"ื—, ื—ื•ื•ืช ื“ืขืช ืกื—, ื). ื•ืœื“ืขืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉื˜ื— ื‘ื™ืช ืงื™ื‘ื•ืœ ืฉื”ื“ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืงื‘ืฅ ื‘ื•, ื’ื ืื ื”ื•ื ืžื—ื•ืกืคืก ื›ื—ืจืก ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืฉืงืขืจื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื›ืชื—ืชื™ืช ื”ืชื ื•ืจื™ื, ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืฆืœื•ืช ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืฉืจ (ื™ื“ ืืคืจื™ื, ื—ืงืจื™ ืœื‘, ื‘ื"ื—, ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ืช ืขื•ืœื ื—"ื• ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื‘. ืขื™' ืฆื™ืฅ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื™ื, ื ื’).
^ 20.. ื™ืฉ ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื ืฆื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ืชื ื•ืจ, ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืืช ื“ืœืชื• ืคืชื•ื—ื”, ืฉืื ืœื ื›ืŸ ื”ืื“ื™ื ื•ื”ืจื™ื— ืฉื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืžื”ื“ื ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœืืกื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืฆืœื™ ื•ื”ืชื ื•ืจ, ืืžื ื ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“, ื’ื ืœืฉื™ื˜ืชื ืื ืฆืœื• ื‘ืชื ื•ืจ ืกื’ื•ืจ - ื”ื›ื‘ื“ ืžื•ืชืจ (ื‘ืื”ืœื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื” ื, ื™ื). ืื•ืœื ืจื‘ื™ื ืœื ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจื• ื—ื•ืžืจื ื–ื•, ื›ื™ ืœื ื—ืฉืฉื• ืœื–ื™ืขื” ื•ืœืจื™ื— ื”ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืžื”ื“ื, ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื”ื ืžืขื˜ื™ื ื•ืžืชื™ื™ื‘ืฉื™ื ืžื™ื“ ื‘ื—ื•ื ื”ืชื ื•ืจ (ืขื™' ืœื”ืœืŸ ื›ื”, ื™ื“; ืœื”, ื™; ื—ืฉื‘ ื”ืืคื•ื“ ื‘, ืงื™ื“).
ืื ืœื ื”ื ื™ื—ื• ื›ืœื™ ืœืงืœื•ื˜ ืืช ื”ื“ื ื•ื”ื•ื ื–ื‘ ืขืœ ืชื—ืชื™ืช ื”ืชื ื•ืจ, ื”ืชื ื•ืจ ื›ื›ืœืœ ื›ืฉืจ, ืฉื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉื˜ืขื ื”ื“ื ืฉืขืœ ืชื—ืชื™ืชื• ื™ื’ื™ืข ืœืžื” ืฉืื•ืคื™ื ื‘ื• ื‘ืชื‘ื ื™ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืžืื›ืœ ืขืœ ืชื—ืชื™ืช ื”ืชื ื•ืจ ืฉื‘ืœืขื” ื“ื. ื•ื”ื›ืฉืจืชื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืกืงื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชื ื•ืจ ืขืœ ืื•ืชื• ื—ื•ื. ื•ืื ื™ืฉ ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉื”ื”ืกืงื” ืœื ืชืฉืจื•ืฃ ืืช ืฉืืจื™ื•ืช ื”ื“ื ืฉืขืœ ื”ืชื—ืชื™ืช, ื™ืฉ ืœื ืงื•ืชื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื”ืกืงื”.
^ 21.. ืœืกืž"ื’ ืืกื•ืจ ืœื—ืชื•ืš ื‘ืกื›ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉืจ ืฉืขืœ ื”ืืฉ ืฉืขื•ื“ ืœื ื ื’ืžืจื” ื”ื›ืฉืจืชื•, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืกื›ื™ืŸ ื™ื‘ืœืข ื˜ืขื ื“ื ื•ื™ืืกืจ. ืื‘ืœ ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ื“ ืฉืฆื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื• ื‘ืฉืจ, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ืืฉ ืขื“ ืฉื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืฉืขืœื™ื• ืžื•ื›ืฉืจ, ื’ื ื”ื•ื ื ืขืฉื” ื›ืฉืจ, ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืœืขื• ื›ืš ืคื•ืœื˜ื• (ืขืจื•ื”"ืฉ ืขื•, ื™ื–). ื•ืœืจืฉื‘"ื, ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ื“ ืฉืขืœื™ื• ื”ื›ืฉื™ืจื• ื‘ืฉืจ ื‘ืฆืœื™ื™ื” ื ืืกืจ, ื•ืื ื™ืจืฆื• ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ืฉื•ื‘, ื™ืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœืœื‘ื ื•. ื˜ืขื ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœื“ืขืชื•: ืœืคืž"ื’ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื•ืœืข ื•ืื™ื ื• ืคื•ืœื˜ ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื”ื‘ืฉืจ, ื•ืœืคืจ"ื— ื›ื™ ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื“ื—ื•ืง ืœืฉื™ืคื•ื“, ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื• ืœืคืœื•ื˜ ืฉื. ื•ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื”ืจืื‘"ื“, ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืฉื”ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ื“ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืกื™ืจื• ืื•ืชื• ืžื”ืืฉ, ืฉืžื ื™ื‘ืœืข ืžื˜ืขื ื”ื“ื ืฉื‘ืœื•ืข ื‘ืฉื™ืคื•ื“. ืžื ื’ื“, ืœื“ืขืช ืจื"ืฉ, ืžืจื“ื›ื™, ื”ื’ื”ื•ืช ืืฉืจ"ื™, ื˜ื•ืจ, ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืžื•ืชืจ, ืฉื›ืŸ ืื ืคืขื•ืœืช ืืฉ ื”ืฆืœื™ื™ื” ืžืชื™ืจื” ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืื™ื‘ืช ื”ื“ื ื•ืฉืจื™ืคืชื•, ืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ ืฉืื™ื ื” ืื•ืกืจืช ืืช ื”ื›ืœื™ื. ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืฉื•"ืข ืขื•, ื“, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ืœื”ืงืœ, ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ื• ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ ื”ืกืคืจื“ื™ื (ืขื™' ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ืช ืขื•ืœื ื—"ื• ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื“). ืื•ืœื ื”ืจืž"ื ื›ืชื‘ ืขืค"ื™ ืžื”ืจื"ื™, ืฉืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ืœืœื‘ืŸ ืืช ื”ืกื›ื™ืŸ ื•ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ื“, ื•ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ืื ืœื ืœื™ื‘ื ื• - ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื›ืฉืจ (ืขื™' ืž"ื ืชืงื˜, ื™ื‘). ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื’ื ืจืฉืช ื”ืฆืœื™ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื”ื›ืฉืจื” (ืขื™' ื“ืจื›ื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืขื•, ืœื—). ืื•ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ื’ื ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจืž"ื, ื‘ืจืฉืช ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืงืœ ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื—ื™ื–ืชื” ื‘ื‘ืฉืจ ืื™ื ื” ื—ื–ืงื” ื›ืฉื™ืคื•ื“, ื•ื›ืš ื”ืขื™ื“ื• ื‘ืฉื ื”ื—ื–ื•"ื. โ†
ื‘ืกืคืจื™ ื–ืžื ื™ื ื• ื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉื™ื•ืฆืื™ ืืฉื›ื ื– ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ื›ื“ืขืช ื”ืจืž"ื. ืื•ืœื ืžื ื”ื’ ืจื•ื•ื— ื‘ืืฉื›ื ื– ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ืงืœ, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื–ื›ืจ ื‘ื™ื“ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” (ืขื•, ืงืฆืจ ื›ื•). ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืฉื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื—ืฉืฉ ืจื—ื•ืง, ื•ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืœืขื•ืœื ืื™ืŸ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื˜ืขื ื“ื ื‘ืฉื™ืคื•ื“, ื•ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืกืคืง ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ, ืฉื›ืŸ ื“ื ืฉื‘ื™ืฉืœื• ืืกื•ืจ ืžื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ, ื ื”ื’ื• ื›ืžืงื™ืœื™ื. ืขื•ื“ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ, ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื” ื›ืืฉืจ ืฆื•ืœื™ื ื—ืฆื™ ืฆืœื™ื™ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืืฉืจ ืฆื•ืœื™ื ืฆืœื™ื™ื” ื’ืžื•ืจื” ื›ืคื™ ื”ื ื”ื•ื’, ื’ื ื”ืžื—ืžื™ืจื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืกื›ื™ื ืฉื‘ืชื•ืš ื›ืš ื’ื ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ื“ ืžื•ื›ืฉืจ (ื•ื›"ื› ื‘ืงืฆืฉื•"ืข ืคืคื•ื™ืคืจ ื”, ื“, ื˜; ื•ืขื™' 'ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืกื•ืคืจื™ื' ืขืžืง ื“ื‘ืจ ืขื•, ืจื ื’; ืจื ื–-ืจื ื—).
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ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“

ืจืืฉ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื”ืจ ื‘ืจื›ื” ื•ืจื‘ ื”ื™ืฉื•ื‘. ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืกื“ืจืช ืกืคืจื™ "ืคื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืœื›ื”".
ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ื‘ ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืžื˜ื‘ื—
ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ื‘ ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืžื˜ื‘ื—
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื

ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืžื”ื™ืจ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืงื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืงื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืฆื‘ื™ ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืฆื‘ื™ ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืฉืคื™ืจื
     ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืฉืคื™ืจื
  • ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืœืžื” ื’ื•ืจืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืœืžื” ื’ื•ืจืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืฆื‘ื™ ืฉื›ื˜ืจ
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืฆื‘ื™ ืฉื›ื˜ืจ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืขื•ื–ื™ ืงืœื›ื”ื™ื™ื ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืขื•ื–ื™ ืงืœื›ื”ื™ื™ื ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืœืœ ื’ืคืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืœืœ ื’ืคืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื‘ืจื™ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื‘ืจื™ืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ
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    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš

    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš โ€“ ื—ืงืช

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 606

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 606

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืคืจืฉืช ืฉื‘ื•ืข

    ืœื›ืœ ืื™ืฉ ื™ืฉ ืฉื. ืขืœ ื“ืช, ืจื ื•ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื›ืจืžืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ื—ืžื“ืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช

    ืžื’ืข ืžืื›ืœื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ื ื›ืœื™ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื›ืœื™ ืฉื ื™, ื•ืขื™ืจื•ื™

    ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ืฆืœืืœ ื“ื ื™ืืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ื—ืงืช

    ืœืžื” ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื”ืคืš ืœื ื™ื™ืจ ื—ืกืจ ืขืจืš?

    ื”ืจื‘ ื ืชื ืืœ ื™ื•ืกื™ืคื•ืŸ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืœื ื˜ืจื’ื“ื™ื”, ืฆืžื™ื—ื”

    ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉืžื–ื”ื™ืจื™ื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืงื™ืขืชื• ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืฉืŸ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜, ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ืžืกืคืจืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืื—ืจ: ืขื•ืœื ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื ื™, ืืฉืจ ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืืชื’ืจื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื™ื, ื—ื•ื•ื” ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืคืจื™ื—ื” ื—ืกืจืช ืชืงื“ื™ื ื•ืžืขืžื™ื“ ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืœื›ืชื™ืช ืžืขืฉื™ืช ืœืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™

    ื”ืจื‘ ืื•ืจื™ ืกื“ืŸ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืฆื‘ื

    ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื ื”

    ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื”ืžื’ื“ืจื™ืช ื‘ืฆื‘ื ืื™ื ื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉืœ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื. ืชื ืื™ ื”ืœื—ื™ืžื”, ื”ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื•ื”ืงืจื‘ื” ื”ืžืžื•ืฉื›ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ืฉืืœืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื“ื™ื ื™ ืฆื ื™ืขื•ืช ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืื—ืจืช

    ื”ืจื‘ ืขื–ืจื™ืืœ ืืจื™ืืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” - ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื

    ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ืื‘ ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื‘ื ื• ืื•ืžื ื•ืช, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืžืงืฆื•ืข | ื’ื ืื ื”ื‘ืŸ ื™ื‘ื—ืจ ืœื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื• ืœืชื•ืจื”, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื˜ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืื‘ ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื‘ื ื• ืื•ืžื ื•ืช | ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉื”' ืžื‘ื™ื ืœืื“ื ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ืจื™ืฆื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• | ื”ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื›ืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ื”ืฉื | ื”ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืื—ื“ ืžืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื• ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื, ืฉื ื‘ืจื "ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื•ืœืฉื•ืžืจื”", ื•ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ืขื‘ื™ืจื”

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื-ืช ืค"ืฉ

    ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื-ืช-ืค"ืฉ ืคืจืฉืช ื—ืงืช

    ื•ึทื™ึตึผืฉึถืื‘ ื‘ึฐึผืึถืจึถืฅ ื˜ื•ึนื‘. ืžื”ื™ ืฉืžื” ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ืฉืžื” | ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื™ื, ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ ื•ืฉื™ืจืช ืžืฉื” ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืื–ื™ื ื• | ืžื” ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ื ื™ื— ืืช ื ื—ืฉ ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉืช ืขืœ ืขืžื“ื•, ื•ืจืง ื—ื–ืงื™ื”ื• ืžืœืš ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืขืžื“ ื•ืฉื‘ืจื• ืฉืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืื•ืชื• | ืจืื™ื” ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื” ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืจื•ืฆื— ื ืคืฉ ื‘ืฉื’ื’ื”. ื•ืขื•ื“!

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ - ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืœืžืŸ ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื

    ื™ืกื•ื“ ื•ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช

    ื“ืจืš ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื’' ืคืกืงื” ื”-ื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžื‘ืืจ ื›ื™ ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืžื•ืฉืชืช ืขืœ ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ืขืจืš ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ ื•ื”ืชืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืจืื•. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืจื‘ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืขืžื•ืงื” ื–ื• ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžืชืžื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ื•ื“ื‘ื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืจ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™, ืฉืฉื™ืื• ื•ื”ืฉืœืžืชื• ื‘ืื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ื”ืคื™ื›ืช ื”ืจืข ืœื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืฉืš ืœืื•ืจ.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    33 ื“ืง'
    ืžืืžืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™

    ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื•ืจื™ื

    ืžืืžืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื”ืžืฉืš ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืคืกืงื” ื–'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืงื™ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื ื“ืžื•ืช ืฉื›ืœืชื ื™ื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืื‘ ื•ืื ื•ื‘ืจื™ืช ืžื™ืœื”, ืชื•ืš ื”ื“ื’ืฉื” ืฉื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ ื›ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™. ื“ืจืš ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžื”ื’ืžืจื, ืคืกื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ ืกืคืจ ื”ื›ื•ื–ืจื™, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉืช ื”ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื”ืขืœ-ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืืœื•.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื‘ื™ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื•ืจืฅ | ื›"ื’ ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    33 ื“ืง'
    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉ"ืก

    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืงื“ืฉื•ืช

    ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ื”ืงื“ืฉื•ืช ืื™ื ื ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืจืง ืœืกื“ืจ ืงื“ืฉื™ื, ืืœื ื’ื ืœื ื“ืจื™ื ื•ืœื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช. ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ื‘ืื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื“ืžื™ื ืœืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืคื” ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื›ืœื™, ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื™ืจื•ืช, ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื ื™ืกื™ื ื–ืื’ื | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ

    ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื

    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืคืจืง ื”, ืคืกืงื” ื–-ื—

    ื™ืฉื ื” ื“ื•- ืกื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื—ืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ืื“ื ื•ืจืฆื•ื ื• ืœื”ื™ื˜ื™ื‘: ื”ืŸ ืžืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ื–ื• ืืช ื–ื• ื‘ื”ื“ื“ื™ื•ืช.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    30 ื“ืง'
    ื—ืงืช

    ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืกืœืข ืื• ื”ื›ืืชื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    10 ื“ืง'
    ื›ื”ื ื™ื

    ื‘ืจื›ืช ื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื - ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืœื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    1:00
    ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ืš - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•

    ืคืจืฉืช ื—ืงืช ืชืฉืค"ื• โ€“ ื”ื’ื™ืข ื–ืžืŸ ื’ืื•ืœืชื›ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื• | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    23 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื•

    ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ "ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘" ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื ื•ืชืง ืžื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืžืขืฉื™ืช, ื•ืžื‘ืงืจ ืืช ื”ื ืฆืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื—ืจื” ืœื”ื™ืฉืขืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืชื•ืš ื ื˜ื™ืฉืช ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืืœ ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื•ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœืกืœื•ืœ ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื•ืœื”ืืจืช ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœืŸ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื’' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    35 ื“ืง'
    ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช

    ื ืคื™ืœืช ืืคื™ื™ื - ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื•ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    7 ื“ืง'
    ื›ื”ื ื™ื

    ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื—ืก ืืœื™ื”ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    34 ื“ืง'
    ื—ืงืช

    ืกื•ื“ ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ื•ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ืžืกืžืœืช ืงื‘ืœืช ืขื•ืœ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ื™ื ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช, ื•ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ืžืื” ื•ื”ื˜ื”ืจื” ื”ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืงื“ื•ืฉืชื• ื•ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืจื‘ ืžืชืืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ืช ื–ื• ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืœื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืคื ื™ืžื™, ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื•ืฉืžื— ืืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืžืฉืชืงืฃ ื‘"ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ" ื•ืžื‘ื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืœื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ืฉืŸ | ื’' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    39 ื“ืง'
    ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ.ื™ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ

    ืžืœื—ืžืช ืขื•ืœื ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืœ ื•ืฉื ื”ื•ื•ื™ื”

    ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื” - ืžืืžืจ "ื ืื“ืจ ื‘ืงื•ื“ืฉ" ืกืขื™ืฃ ื“'

    ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืฆ"ืœ ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืืช ื”ืคื™ืกืงืื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช ื•ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืืช ืฉื ื”ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืฉื•ืจืฉ ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ. ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ | ืœ' ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื
ืื–ื•ืจ ืื™ืฉื™

ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœืš, ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื‘ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ื•ืœื”ืžืฉืš ืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื• ืขื–ื‘ืช ืื•ืชืŸ.

ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il