ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืžื“ื•ืจื™ื
  • ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ื™ืš
  • ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ืš - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
  • ืคืจืฉืช ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื•ืชื "ืš
  • ื—ื•ืžืฉ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช
  • ื ื—
undefined
13 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื” โ€ข 60 ื“ืง' ืฆืคื™ื”

ื•ึทื”ึฒืงึดืžึนืชึดื™ ืึถืช ื‘ึผึฐืจึดื™ืชึดื™ ืึดืชึผึธืšึฐ



ื•ึทื™ึผึทืขึฒืžึดื™ื“ึตื ืœึธืขึทื“ ืœึฐืขื•ึนืœึธื ื—ึธืง ื ึธืชึทืŸ ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึทืขึฒื‘ื•ึนืจ



ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ ืื•ืžืจ ื”' ืœื ื—: "ื•ึทื”ึฒืงึดืžึนืชึดื™ ืึถืช ื‘ึผึฐืจึดื™ืชึดื™ ืึดืชึผึธืšึฐ" (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื• ื™ื—). ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ ื”' ื—ื–ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ื–ื” ืขื•ื“ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื, ื›ืืฉืจ ืฆื™ื•ื•ื” ืื•ืชื ืขืœ ืฉืคื™ื›ื•ืช ื“ืžื™ื: "ื•ึทืึฒื ึดื™ ื”ึดื ึฐื ึดื™ ืžึตืงึดื™ื ืึถืช ื‘ึผึฐืจึดื™ืชึดื™ ืึดืชึผึฐื›ึถื ื•ึฐืึถืช ื–ึทืจึฐืขึฒื›ึถื ืึทื—ึฒืจึตื™ื›ึถื" (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื˜ ื˜-ื™ื). ืขืœ ืื™ื–ื” ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”' ืžื“ื‘ืจ? ื”ืจื™ ืœื ืžืฆืื ื• ืฉื”' ื›ื•ืจืช ื‘ืจื™ืช ืขื ื ื— ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ.


ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื• ื™ื—) ืื•ืžืจ ื›ื™ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ืฉื”' ื›ืจืช ื‘ืขืช ื‘ืจื™ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉื™ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ื•ืœื ื™ืฉื ื” ืืช ื—ื•ืงื™ื• ื•ื™ืฉืชื‘ืฉ. "ื•ึทื™ึผึทืขึฒืžึดื™ื“ึตื ืœึธืขึทื“ ืœึฐืขื•ึนืœึธื ื—ึธืง ื ึธืชึทืŸ ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึทืขึฒื‘ื•ึนืจ" (ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืงืžื—). ื•ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืฉื”ืžื™ืœื” ื‘ืจื™ืชื™ ื”ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื‘ืจื™ืืชื™. "ืฉื”' ื›ืจืช ื‘ืจื™ืช ืขื ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉื™ืฉืืจื• ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื—ืง ืขื•ืœื ื•ืœื ื™ืขื‘ื•ืจ" (ืžืœื‘ื™"ื).


ื—ึนืง ื•ึผื–ึฐืžึทืŸ ื ึธืชึทืŸ ืœึธื”ึถื ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ื™ึฐืฉืึทื ึผื•ึผ ืึถืช ืชึผึทืคึฐืงึดื™ื“ึธื



ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ืืช ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ืจื™ื—ื” ื•ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื” ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื•ื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืขืชื™ื“. ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืื™ืŸ-ืกืคื•ืจ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ื•ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉื‘ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืจืช ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข. ืืœื ืฉืœืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืžืชื•ืฆืจืช ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื™ืฉ ื–ืžืŸ ืชืคื•ื’ื”. ื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ ืชื—ื–ื•ืงื”. ื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื“ืœืง ืื• ื”ื˜ืขื ื” ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช. ืœืขื•ืžืชื ืžืขืฉื™ ื”' ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื•ื ืขื™ื ืืœืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืœื™ ืชืงืœื”, ื‘ืœื™ ื”ื˜ืขื ื” ื•ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื“ืจื•ื’ ืžื›ื•ื— ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”. ื›ืคื™ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืœื‘ื ื”: "ื—ึนืง ื•ึผื–ึฐืžึทืŸ ื ึธืชึทืŸ ืœึธื”ึถื ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ื™ึฐืฉืึทื ึผื•ึผ ืึถืช ืชึผึทืคึฐืงึดื™ื“ึธื".


ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืœื ืฉื™ืžื”



ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื ื•ืฉืžื™ื 15,000 ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื. ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื™ืฉ ื›-78% ื—ื ืงืŸ, ื›-21% ื—ืžืฆืŸ, ื•ื›-0.038% ืคื—ืžืŸ ื“ื• ื—ืžืฆื ื™.  ื”ืฉืืจ ื”ื ื’ื–ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืฉืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช ืž-1%. ืื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืจื™ื›ื•ื– ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื—ืžืฆืŸ โ€“ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื ืฉืจืฃ. ืื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืจื™ื›ื•ื– ื ืžื•ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื—ืžืฆืŸ โ€“ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื ื—ื ืงื™ื. ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืจื™ื›ื•ื– ื”ื—ื ืงืŸ ืื• ื”ืคื—ืžืŸ ื”ื“ื• ื—ืžืฆื ื™ ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœืกื›ืŸ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืœื—ื ื•ืง ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืฆืžื—ื™ื ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื.


ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื“ื”ื™ื ื”ืจื™ื›ื•ื– ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืœื ืžืฉืชื ื”, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื ืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืจื“ ืจื™ื›ื•ื– ื”ื—ืžืฆืŸ ืœ-16% ื—ืžืฆืŸ ื•ืขื•ืœื” ืจื™ื›ื•ื– ื”ืคื—ืžืŸ ื”ื“ื• ื—ืžืฆื ื™ ืœ-3%. ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื•ื›ืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื ื•ืฉืžื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื•ืจื™ื›ื•ื– ื”ื—ืžืฆืŸ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื™ื•ืจื“ ื•ืื—ื•ื– ื”ืคื—ืžืŸ ื”ื“ื• ื—ืžืฆื ื™ ืขื•ืœื” ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ โ€“ ืœืžืจื•ืช ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ืื—ื•ื– ื”ื—ืžืฆืŸ ื ืฉืืจ ืชืžื™ื“ ืื•ืชื• ื“ื‘ืจ. ืืœื•ืงื™ื ื‘ืจื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืขืฆื™ื ืฉื™ืกืคื’ื• ืืช ื”ืคื—ืžืŸ ื”ื“ื• ื—ืžืฆื ื™, ื•ื‘ืจื ื’ื ืืช ื”ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืื—ืจืื™ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื”ื—ืžืฆืŸ ื™ื™ืฉืืจ ืชืžื™ื“ ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื”ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช ืœื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืืœืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื. ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืœืคื ื™ 200 ืฉื ื” ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื›ืžืขื˜ 8 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžืฉืชื ื™ื ื‘ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช. ื’ื ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืื™ื–ื•ื ื™ื ืคื•ืขืœืช ื‘ืžืœื•ื ื›ื•ื—ื” ื•ื”ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื ืฉืžืจ. ืขืœ ื–ื” ื ืืžืจ: "ืึดื ืœึนื ื‘ึฐืจึดื™ืชึดื™ ื™ื•ึนืžึธื ื•ึธืœึธื™ึฐืœึธื”, ื—ึปืงึผื•ึนืช ืฉึธืืžึทื™ึดื ื•ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืœึนื ืฉึธื‚ืžึฐืชึดึผื™" (ื™ืจืžื™ื”ื• ืœื’ ื›ื”).


ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ืžืฉืชื ื” ื‘ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช ืงื‘ื•ืขื”



ื”ืงื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื’ื ื‘ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ืฉื ืข ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืื“ื™ืจื”, ื•ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืชื•, ื‘ื›ื•ื— ืกื™ื‘ื•ื‘ื•, ื‘ื—ื•ื ืฉืœื•, ื‘ื›ื•ื— ื”ืžื’ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ื•ื‘ืžืฉื˜ืจ ื”ืจื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ื–ืจืžื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื. ืื ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ื™ืชืงืจื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ืœืฉืžืฉ, ื”ืขื•ืœื ื™ืชื—ืžื ื•ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ืคืกืง. ืื ื”ื•ื ื™ืชืจื—ืง ืžื“ื™ ืžื”ืฉืžืฉ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื™ืงืคื.


ื›ืžื• ื›ืœ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ ื”ืœื›ืช ื’ื ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ื ืข ื‘ืืœื™ืคืกื” ื•ืžืฉื ื” ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืืช ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืชื• ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ืชืจื—ืง ืžื“ื™ ืžื”ืฉืžืฉ ื•ืœื ื™ืชืงืจื‘ ืืœื™ื” ื‘ืจืžื” ืฉืชืกื›ืŸ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœื™ ืื“ืžื•ืช. ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื’ืข ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืชื• ื‘ืžืฉืš ืืœืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื ื•ืžืชืื™ื ืื•ืชื” ืœืฆื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ืื ื”ื•ื ื™ืื˜ ืืช ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืชื• ื”ื•ื ื™ื™ืฉืื‘ ืืœื™ื” ื•ื”ืขื•ืœื ื™ื™ืฉืจืฃ, ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืื™ืฅ ืืช ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืฉืžืฉ. ืื ื”ื•ื ื™ืื™ืฅ ืืช ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืจื—ื•ืง ืžื”ืฉืžืฉ, ื”ื•ื ื™ืชื ืชืง ืžืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืฉืžืฉ ื•ื ืงืคื ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœืžื•ื•ืช ื‘ื—ืœืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™. ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื” ื”ื–ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ื™ื•ืช.


ืœึดืชึฐื‘ื•ึผื ึธืชื•ึน ืึตื™ืŸ ืžึดืกึฐืคึผึธืจ



ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื”ื ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืœืืœืคื™ ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืงื‘ื•ืขื™ื ื•ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื—ืœืงื™ืงื™ื ืฉื ืขื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืื˜ื•ื ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื” ืœืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืื•ืจ. ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช, ืื ื™ืฉืชื ื” ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื”ืขื•ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ืื‘ื“ ื‘ืจื’ืข. ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื”ืงื‘ื•ืขื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืžืง ื”ืื“ืžื”, ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืื“ืžื”, ื‘ืงืจืงืข, ื‘ืฆื•ืžื—, ื‘ื—ื™, ื‘ืื“ื ื•ื‘ื›ืœ. ื—ืœืงื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ื•ื—ืœืงื ื ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ืขืชื™ื“. ืืช ื›ื•ืœื ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื ื›ื™ืจ "ื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ ืึฒื“ื•ึนื ึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื•ึฐืจึทื‘ ื›ึผึนื—ึท ืœึดืชึฐื‘ื•ึผื ึธืชื•ึน ืึตื™ืŸ ืžึดืกึฐืคึผึธืจ" (ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืงืžื– ื”).


ื—ื•ืง ื™ืกื•ื“: ืงื™ื•ื ื”ืขื•ืœื



ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื—ื•ืง ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื›ื•ืœื ืฉืžื›ื•ื—ื• ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ื•ืง ืขืœ ืงื™ื•ื ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืืœื•ืงื™ื ื—ืงืง ื‘ืขืช ื‘ืจื™ืืชื•. ื—ื•ืง ืงื™ื•ื ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ืคืงื“ ื‘ืขืช ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื ื—, ื•ืขืœ ื–ื” ื ืืžืจ ืœื• ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื "ื•ึทื”ึฒืงึดืžึนืชึดื™ ืึถืช ื‘ึผึฐืจึดื™ืชึดื™ ืึดืชึผึธืšึฐ" โ€“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ืฉืœ ืงื™ื•ื ื”ืขื•ืœื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืชื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ืš, ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืชืชืงื™ื™ื ื“ืจื›ืš ื•ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืชื™ื‘ื” ืฉืชื‘ื ื” "ื™ืฆื•ื” ืฉืชืงื•ื ื•ืชื”ื™ื” ืขื ื”ืฆื“ื™ืง" (ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืฉื).


ื•ึฐื ึธืชึทืชึดึผื™ ื’ึดืฉึฐืืžึตื™ื›ึถื ื‘ึฐึผืขึดืชึธึผื



ืขึฑื ื•ึผ ืœื”' ื‘ึผึฐืชื•ึนื“ึธื” ื–ึทืžึผึฐืจื•ึผ ืœึตืืœึนื”ึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื‘ึฐื›ึดื ึผื•ึนืจ โ€“ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืงื‘ื™ืขื•ืชื



ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืžืœืš ืื•ืžืจ ื‘ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ื›ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ื ื”ืงื‘ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืชื•ื“ื” ื•ืœื ื’ืŸ ื‘ื›ื™ื ื•ืจ. "ืขึฑื ื•ึผ ืœื”' ื‘ึผึฐืชื•ึนื“ึธื” ื–ึทืžึผึฐืจื•ึผ ืœึตืืœึนื”ึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื‘ึฐื›ึดื ึผื•ึนืจ: ื”ึทืžึฐื›ึทืกึผึถื” ืฉืึธืžึทื™ึดื ื‘ึผึฐืขึธื‘ึดื™ื ื”ึทืžึผึตื›ึดื™ืŸ ืœึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืžึธื˜ึธืจ ื”ึทืžึผึทืฆึฐืžึดื™ื—ึท ื”ึธืจึดื™ื ื—ึธืฆึดื™ืจ: ื ื•ึนืชึตืŸ ืœึดื‘ึฐื”ึตืžึธื” ืœึทื—ึฐืžึธื”ึผ ืœึดื‘ึฐื ึตื™ ืขึนืจึตื‘ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื™ึดืงึฐืจึธืื•ึผ" (ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืงืžื–). ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืขื” ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื–ื” ื—ื•ืง ื˜ื‘ืข ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžื” ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืขืœื™ื•. ืื‘ืœ ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืžืœืš ืื•ืžืจ ื›ื™ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ื’ืฉืžื™ื ื”ื ืชื•ืคืขื” ืฉืžืชืจื—ืฉืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• ื‘ืžืฉืš ืืœืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ื”ื™ื ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื ืก ื”ืžืชืžืฉืš ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื ื‘ืœ ื•ื›ื™ื ื•ืจ. 


ืœื ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื’ืฉืžื™ื, ืืœื ื‘ื–ืžื ื



ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœื ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ื ืก ื‘ื’ืฉื ืฉื‘ื ื‘ื–ืžื ื•. ืจืง ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืกื“ืจื™ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ื•ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื ืื™ืจื•ืข ืฉืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ืชืคืขืœ ืžืžื ื•. ื›ืš ืžืกืคืจืช ื”ื’ืžืจื (ืชืขื ื™ืช ื›ื“ ืข"ื‘) ืขืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ืชื—ืชืŸ ืขื ื ื›ืจื™ืช, ืจื‘ื ื”ืœืงื” ืื•ืชื•, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืช ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืžืœืงื•ืช. ืฉืžืข ืฉื‚ึฐื‘ื•ึนืจ ืžึทืœึฐื›ึผึธื ื•ืฉืœื— ืœืงืจื•ื ืœืจึธื‘ึธื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืขื ื™ืฉื•. ืึดืคึฐืจึธื ื”ื•ึนืจึฐืžึดื™ื–, ืืžื• ืฉืœ ืฉื‚ึฐื‘ื•ึนืจ ืžึทืœึฐื›ึผึธื, ืืžืจื” ืœื• ืฉื›ื“ืื™ ืฉื™ื™ื–ื”ืจ ืžื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื, ืฉื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ื”ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื. ืฉืืœ ืื•ืชื” ืžื” ื”ื ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ื•ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื, ื•ื”ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืœื•: ื’ืฉื. ืืžืจ ืœื”: ื–ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื’ืฉื ืžืžื™ืœื ื™ื•ืจื“ ื‘ื—ื•ืจืฃ ื•ืœื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื. ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ื ื™ื‘ืงืฉื• ื’ืฉื ื‘ืงื™ืฅ ื•ื™ืจื“ ื’ืฉื.


ืฉืœื—ื” ืึดืคึฐืจึธื ื”ื•ึนืจึฐืžึดื™ื– ืœืจื‘ื ื•ืืžืจื” ืœื• ืฉื™ืชืคืœืœ ื›ื™ ื™ืจื“ ื’ืฉื ื‘ืชืžื•ื–. ื”ืชืคืœืœ ืจื‘ื ื•ืœื ื ืขื ื”. ื”ืชืคืœืœ ืจื‘ื ืฉื ื™ืช ื•ื™ืจื“ ื’ืฉื ื‘ืžึธื—ื•ึนื–ึธื ืขื“ ืฉื”ืžื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื—ื“ืงืœ. ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื‘ื ืœืจื‘ื ื‘ื—ืœื•ื ืื‘ื™ื• ื•ืืžืจ ืœื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืขืฉื” ืฉืœื ื›ื”ื•ื’ืŸ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืขืœ ื”ื’ืฉื ื‘ืงื™ืฅ. ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื–ื”ืจ ืœื ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ืขืœ ืžื™ื˜ืชื•. ื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืจื‘ื ืืช ืžื™ื˜ืชื• ื•ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืจืื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื˜ื” ืฉืœื• ืงืจื•ืขื” ื‘ืกื›ื™ื ื™ื, ื›ื ืจืื” ืžื™ื“ื™ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืจื•ืข ืฉืจืฆื• ืœื”ืชื ืงื ื‘ื• ืขืœ ืฉื”ืชืคืœืœ ืขืœ ื’ืฉื ืœื ื‘ื–ืžื ื•.


ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื ืœืœืžื“ ื›ื™ ื’ื ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืขืœ ื’ืฉื ื•ื’ื ื”ื”ื•ื“ืื” ืขืœ ื”ื’ืฉื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ื. ื–ื” ื”ื ืก ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื–ื” ืกื™ืžืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื”. "ืฉืœื ื™ืฉื ื• ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื". ืื ื”ื’ืฉื ื™ื•ืจื“ ืฉืœื ื‘ื–ืžื ื• - ื–ื” ืœื ืกื™ืžืŸ ื‘ืจื›ื” ืืœื ืงืœืœื”, ื›ืžื• ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ืฉืฉืืœื• ืžืœืš ืฉืœื ื›ื“ื™ืŸ. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืœื ืืžืจ "ืžืฉื™ื‘ ื”ืจื•ื— ื•ืžื•ืจื™ื“ ื”ื’ืฉื" ื‘ืขืช ื”ื—ื•ืจืฃ ื•ื ื–ื›ืจ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื—ืชื "ืžื—ื™ื” ื”ืžืชื™ื" ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœื•ืžืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื‘ื— ื”ื–ื”. ืืžื ื ืื ื›ื‘ืจ ื—ืชื "ืžื—ื™ื” ื”ืžืชื™ื" ื•ืœื ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื’ืฉื ืืœื ื˜ืœ โ€“ ื™ืฆื ื›ื™ ื’ื ืขืœ ื”ื˜ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ืจืฃ.


ื ื— ืื™ืฉ ืฆื“ื™ืง - ื•ืฆื“ื™ืง ื™ืกื•ื“ ืขื•ืœื



ืฆื“ื™ืง ื‘ื ืœืขื•ืœื ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืื” ืœืขื•ืœื



ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ืขืœ ืงื™ื•ื ื”ืขื•ืœื ื ื™ืชื ื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื ื— ืœื ืจืง ื‘ืขืช ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ, ื ื— ืžื‘ื™ื ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืœื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื“ื•ืจื• ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขืช ืœื™ื“ืชื•. ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื ื”ืžืฆืื•ืช ืฉืžื‘ื™ืื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ื—ื™ื™ื. "ื”ืชืงื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืžื—ืจืฉื•ืช ื•ืžื’ืœื•ืช ื•ืงืจื“ื•ืžื•ืช ื•ื›ืœ ื›ืœื™ ืžืœืื›ื”" (ืชื ื—ื•ืžื ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช).


ืงืฉื” ืžืื•ื“ ืœื›ืจื•ืช ืขืฆื™ื ื‘ืœื™ ืžืกื•ืจ ื•ืงืจื“ื•ืžื•ืช. ืœื ื ื•ื— ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืฉื•ืœื—ื ื•ืช, ื›ื™ืกืื•ืช ื•ืžื™ื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืœื™ ืคื˜ื™ืฉ ื•ืžืกืžืจื™ื. ืงืฉื” ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ืชื™ื ื›ืฉื”ื›ื•ืœ ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื›ื•ืื‘ื•ืช. ื”ื”ืžืฆืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ื— ืคืฉื˜ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื”ื–ื ื™ืงื• ืื•ืชื• ืงื“ื™ืžื”. ืขืœ ื–ื” ื ืืžืจ ื‘ื’ืžืจื: "ืฆื“ื™ืง ื‘ื ืœืขื•ืœื ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืื” ืœืขื•ืœื" (ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืงื™ื’ ืข"ื‘).


ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื•ืœื“ ื ื— ื—ื–ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื•



ื›ืœื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืžืฆื™ื ื ื— ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ื‘ืจื›ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื’ื ื‘ืชื ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืืจืฅ, ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื ืงืจื ื ื— ื‘ืฉื "ืื™ืฉ ื”ืื“ืžื”". ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื”ืงืœืœื”, "ืžึดืŸ ื”ึธืึฒื“ึธืžึธื” ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืึตืจึฒืจึธื”ึผ ื”'". ื•ื‘ืžื” ื”ื”ืฆืœื” ืžืชื‘ื˜ืืช? "ืงื•ื“ื ืฉื ื•ืœื“ ื ื— ืœื ื›ืฉื”ื™ื• ื–ื•ืจืขื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื• ืงื•ืฆืจื™ืŸ, ืืœื ื”ื™ื• ื–ื•ืจืขื™ืŸ ื—ื˜ื™ื ื•ืงื•ืฆืจื™ื ืงื•ืฆื™ื ื•ื“ืจื“ืจื™ื. ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื•ืœื“ ื ื— ื—ื–ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœื™ืฉื•ื‘ื•. ืงืฆืจื• ืžื” ืฉื–ืจืขื•; ื–ื•ืจืขื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ื•ืงื•ืฆืจื™ืŸ ื—ื˜ื™ื, ืฉืขื•ืจื™ื ื•ืงื•ืฆืจื™ืŸ ืฉืขื•ืจื™ื".


ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืฆืืช ื”ืžื—ืจืฉื” ื•ืฉืืจ ื›ืœื™ ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืื“ืžื”, ืžื’ื™ืขื•ืช ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื‘ื•ืื” ืœืžืžื“ื™ื ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื›ื™ืจ ืงื•ื“ื. ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื—ืœื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ื•ืžืจื•ืฆื™ื ืžื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ื "ืคึผึถืŸ ืชึผึนืื›ึทืœ ื•ึฐืฉื‚ึธื‘ึธืขึฐืชึผึธ ื•ึผื‘ึธืชึผึดื™ื ื˜ึนื‘ึดื™ื ืชึผึดื‘ึฐื ึถื” ื•ึฐื™ึธืฉืึธื‘ึฐืชึผึธ: ื•ึผื‘ึฐืงึธืจึฐืšึธ ื•ึฐืฆึนืื ึฐืšึธ ื™ึดืจึฐื‘ึผึฐื™ึปืŸ ื•ึฐื›ึถืกึถืฃ ื•ึฐื–ึธื”ึธื‘ ื™ึดืจึฐื‘ึผึถื” ืœึผึธืšึฐ ื•ึฐื›ึนืœ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืœึฐืšึธ ื™ึดืจึฐื‘ึผึถื”: ื•ึฐืจึธื ืœึฐื‘ึธื‘ึถืšึธ ื•ึฐืฉืึธื›ึทื—ึฐืชึผึธ ืึถืช ื”' ืึฑืœึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ" (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื— ื‘).


ื ึนื—ึท ืœึนื ื”ึดืฆึผึดื™ืœ ืึถืœึผึธื ืึถืช ืขึทืฆึฐืžื•ึน, ืึฒื‘ึธืœ ืžึนืฉืึถื” ื”ึดืฆึผึดื™ืœ ืึถืช ืขึทืฆึฐืžื•ึน ื•ึฐืึถืช ื“ึผื•ึนืจื•ึน



ื ื— ืœื ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืื ื‘ืจื™ืช ืงื™ื•ื ื”ืขื•ืœื ืขื•ื‘ืจืช ื“ืจื›ื• ื‘ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช, ื”ื™ื ืขื•ื‘ืจืช ื“ืจื›ื• ื’ื ื‘ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช. ื”ื•ื ืœื ื”ืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื• ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื’ื ื™ืจืืช ืฉืžื™ื. ื’ื ืžืฉื” ืœื ื”ืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืŸ ื•ืื—ืจื™ ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ ื”' ื”ื•ื ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื” ื•ื”ืฆืœื™ื—. ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื• ื”ืžืฉื™ืœื• ืืช ื ื— ื•ืžืฉื” ืœืฉื ื™ ืจื‘ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืขืœ ืกืคื™ื ื•ืชื™ื”ื: ืœึฐืžึทื” ื”ึทื“ึผึธื‘ึธืจ ื“ื•ึนืžึถื”? ืœึดืฉืึฐืชึผึตื™ ืกึฐืคึดื™ื ื•ึนืช ืฉืึถื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึทื™ึผึธื ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐืชื•ึนื›ึธืŸ ืฉืึฐื ึตื™ ืงึทื‘ึผึทืจึฐื ึดื™ื˜ึดื™ืŸ. ืึถื—ึธื“ ื”ึดืฆึผึดื™ืœ ืึถืช ืขึทืฆึฐืžื•ึน ื•ึฐืœึนื ื”ึดืฆึผึดื™ืœ ืึถืช ืกึฐืคึดื™ื ึธืชื•ึน, ื•ึฐืึถื—ึธื“ ื”ึดืฆึผึดื™ืœ ืึถืช ืขึทืฆึฐืžื•ึน ื•ึฐืึถืช ืกึฐืคึดื™ื ึธืชื•ึน. ืœึฐืžึดื™ ื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ืžึฐืงึทืœึผึฐืกึดื™ืŸ ืœึนื ืœึฐืื•ึนืชื•ึน ืฉืึถื”ึดืฆึผึดื™ืœ ืึถืช ืขึทืฆึฐืžื•ึน ื•ึฐืึถืช ืกึฐืคึดื™ื ึธืชื•ึน? ื›ึผึธืšึฐ ื ึนื—ึท ืœึนื ื”ึดืฆึผึดื™ืœ ืึถืœึผึธื ืึถืช ืขึทืฆึฐืžื•ึน, ืึฒื‘ึธืœ ืžึนืฉืึถื” ื”ึดืฆึผึดื™ืœ ืึถืช ืขึทืฆึฐืžื•ึน ื•ึฐืึถืช ื“ึผื•ึนืจื•ึน. ื”ึธื•ึตื™ "ื•ึฐืึทืชึผึฐ ืขึธืœึดื™ืช ืขึทืœ ื›ึผึปืœึผึธื ึธื”" (ืžื“ืจืฉ ืจื‘ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื - ืคืจืฉื” ื™ื ืคืกืงื” ื’).


ื”ืžื•ืกืจ ืขืฆืžื• ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ โ€“ ืžืชืขืœื”



ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื ื— ืœื ื”ืฉืชื“ืœ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื‘ื ื™ ื“ื•ืจื• ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ื’ืจืžื” ืœื• ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืขื“ ืฉื”ืฉืชื›ืจ ื•ื”ืชืงืœืงืœ ื•ืงื™ืœืœ ืืช ื—ื ื•ืืช ื›ื ืขืŸ, ืœืขื•ืžืช ืžืฉื” ืฉื”ืฉืชื“ืœ ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื“ื•ืจื• ื•ืขืœื” ื•ื”ืชืขืœื” ืขืœ ื›ื•ืœื. "ืึธืžึทืจ ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ื‘ึผึถืจึถื›ึฐื™ึธื” ื—ึธื‘ึดื™ื‘ ืžึนืฉืึถื” ืžึดื ึผึนื—ึท ื ึนื—ึท ืžึดืฉึผืึถื ึผึดืงึฐืจึธื 'ืึดื™ืฉื ืฆึทื“ึผึดื™ืง' ื ึดืงึฐืจึธื 'ืึดื™ืฉื ืึฒื“ึธืžึธื”'. ืึฒื‘ึธืœ ืžึนืฉืึถื” ืžึดืฉึผืึถื ึผึดืงึฐืจึธื 'ืึดื™ืฉื ืžึดืฆึฐืจึดื™' ื ึดืงึฐืจึธื 'ืึดื™ืฉื ื”ึธืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื'" (ืžื“ืจืฉ ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช - ืคืจืฉื” ืœื• ืคืกืงื” ื’).


"ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ, ื“ื™ืฉ ืฉืชื™ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ืชื‘ืจืš, ื“ืจืš ืื—ื“ ืžื™ ืฉืžื™ื™ื—ื“ ืขืฆืžื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ื•ืžืชื‘ื•ื“ื“, ื•ื™ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืฆืจื›ื™ ืฆื‘ื•ืจ ื•ืžื‘ื˜ืœ ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ื›ืœืœ ื•ืžืคืงื™ืจ ื ืคืฉื• ืขื‘ื•ืจื. ืื ื›ืŸ, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืคื™ ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ (ืœืคื™ ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ), ืฉื–ื” ืฉืžืชื‘ื•ื“ื“ ื™ืขืœื” ืžืขืœื” ืžืขืœื”, ื•ื–ื” (ืฉืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืฆืจื›ื™ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ) ื™ืจื“ ืžืžื“ืจื’ืชื•. ื•ื›ืŸ ืืžืจื• ืงื”ืœืช ืจื‘ื”, 'ื›ื™ ื”ืขื•ืฉืง ื™ื”ื•ืœืœ ื—ื›ื' - ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ืœืงื™ืฉ ืฉื›ื— ืค' ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืฉืขืกืง ื‘ืฆืจื›ื™ ืฆื‘ื•ืจ. ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ืžืฆืื ื• ืฉื ื— ื”ืชื‘ื•ื“ื“, ื•ืœื ื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืืช ื‘ื ื™ ื“ื•ืจื•, ืœื›ืŸ ืืžืจื• ืขืœื™ื•, ืฉืืฃ ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืจืื•ื™ ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื”, ื•ืจืง ืžืชื‘ื•ื“ื“ ืœืขืฆืžื• ื”ื™ื”, ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ืื—ืจ ืฉื ืงืจื 'ืื™ืฉ ืฆื“ื™ืง'  (ื•', ื˜) ื™ืจื“ ืžืžื“ืจื’ืชื• ื•ื ืงืจื 'ืื™ืฉ ืื“ืžื”' (ื˜', ื›). ื•ืžืฉื” ื ืงืจื 'ืื™ืฉ ืžืฆืจื™' - ืฉื”ื•ื›ืจื— ืœื’ืœื•ืช, ืฉื–ื” ืžื•ืจื” ืคื—ื™ืชื•ืช ื‘ื ืคืฉ - ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ืžืกืจ ืขืฆืžื• ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื”ืจื™ื’ืช ื”ืžืฆืจื™ ื ืงืจื 'ืื™ืฉ ืืœืงื™ื', ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืฉืœืžื•ืช ืžื” ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืื“ื ืœื”ืฉื™ื’" (ืžืฉืš ื—ื›ืžื” ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืคืจืง ื˜).


ื”ืžืฉื›ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื - ืœืื‘ืจื”ื ื•ืœื–ืจืขื• ืื—ืจื™ื•



ื”ืฆืœื” ื’ืฉืžื™ืช ื•ื”ืฆืœื” ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช



ืงืฉื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื ื— ืœื ื”ืฉืชื“ืœ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืชื• ื ื™ืฆืœื” ื›ืœ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช. ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชื“ืœ ื’ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื•ืœื ืจืง ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืžืขืฉื™. ืžื™ ืฉื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื•ืชื™ืงืŸ ืื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื” ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉื”ืฉืชื“ืœ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืืช ื‘ื ื™ ื“ื•ืจื• ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื’ื ื”ื•ื ื–ื›ื” ืฉื ืืžืจ ื‘ื• ื›ืžื• ื‘ื ื—: "ื•ึทื”ึฒืงึดืžึนืชึดื™ ืึถืช ื‘ึผึฐืจึดื™ืชึดื™ ื‘ึผึตื™ื ึดื™ ื•ึผื‘ึตื™ื ึถืšึธ ื•ึผื‘ึตื™ืŸ ื–ึทืจึฐืขึฒืšึธ ืึทื—ึฒืจึถื™ืšึธ" (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื™ื– ื–). ืฉืคืข ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืœืขื•ืœื ื™ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื“ืจื›ื•. ืœื›ืŸ ื ืืžืจ ืขืœื™ื• "ื•ึฐื ึดื‘ึฐืจึฐื›ื•ึผ ื‘ึฐืšึธ ื›ึผึนืœ ืžึดืฉืึฐืคึผึฐื—ึนืช ื”ึธืึฒื“ึธืžึธื”" (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื™ื‘ ื‘-ื’).


ื‘ืจื™ืช ืขืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช



ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืœืงืจื•ื ื‘ืฉื ื”' ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื ื›ืจืชื” ืื™ืชื• ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช. ื›ืš ืื•ืžืจ ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืžืœืš ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืขืœื” ืืช ืืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”' ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื "ืึฒืฉืึถึคืจ ื›ึผึธืจึทืชึ™ ืึถืชึพืึทื‘ึฐืจึธื”ึธึ”ื ื•ึผืฉืึฐื‘ื•ึผืขึธืชึ–ื•ึน ืœึฐื™ึดืฆึฐื—ึธึฝืง: ื•ึทื™ึผึทืขึฒืžึดื™ื“ึถึคื”ึธ ืœึฐื™ึทืขึฒืงึนื‘ึ™ ืœึฐื—ึนึ”ืง ืœึฐื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตึ–ืœ ื‘ึผึฐืจึดึฅื™ืช ืขื•ึนืœึธึฝื: ืœึตืืžึนึ—ืจ ืœึฐืšึธึ™ ืึถืชึผึตึฃืŸ ืึถึฝืจึถืฅึพื›ึผึฐื ึธึ”ืขึทืŸ ื—ึถึ–ื‘ึถืœ ื ึทื—ึฒืœึทืชึฐื›ึถึฝื" (ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื ื˜ื–). ื•ืœืžื” ื”' ื›ืจืช ืขื ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืช? ื›ื™ ื”ื  "ื•ึทื™ึผึดึฝืชึฐื”ึทืœึผึฐื›ื•ึผึ™ ืžึดื’ึผึฃื•ึนื™ ืึถืœึพื’ึผึ”ื•ึนื™ ื•ึผืžึดืžึผึทืžึฐืœึธื›ึธึ–ื” ืึถืœึพืขึทึฅื ืึทื—ึตึฝืจ" ืงืจืื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืฉื ื”' ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืกื›ื ื” ื•ืœื ื ืจืชืขื• ื•ื”' ืขื–ืจื, "ืœึนืึพื”ึดื ึผึดึคื™ื—ึท ืœึฐืึดื™ืฉืึ™ ืœึฐืขึธืฉืึฐืงึธึ”ื ื•ึทื™ึผึฅื•ึนื›ึทื— ืขึฒืœึตื™ื”ึถึ–ื ืžึฐืœึธื›ึดึฝื™ื: ืึทึฝืœึพืชึผึดื’ึผึฐืขื•ึผึ™ ื‘ึผึดืžึฐืฉืึดื™ื—ึธึ”ื™ ื•ึผื‘ึดื ึฐื‘ึดื™ืึทึ–ื™ ืึทืœึพืชึผึธืจึตึฝืขื•ึผ".


ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืื ื—ื ื• ืคื•ืชื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื‘ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืœื ื• ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื‘ื•ืช. "ื–ึดื›ึฐืจึคื•ึผ ืœึฐืขื•ึนืœึธืึ™ ื‘ึผึฐืจึดื™ืชึ”ื•ึน ื“ึผึธื‘ึธึฅืจ ืฆึดื•ึผึธึ–ื” ืœึฐืึถึฅืœึถืฃ ื“ึผึฝื•ึนืจ". ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ืœืš ื‘ื“ืจื›ื ื•ื ืงื™ื™ื ื’ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช.


ื‘ืจื™ืช ืขืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืคืฆืช ืฉื ื”' ื‘ืขื•ืœื



ื‘ืขืช ื›ื ื™ืกืชื ื• ืœืืจืฅ ื”' ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืœื ื• ืฉื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ืขืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ื›ืจืชื” ืขื ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืคืฆืช ืฉื ื”' ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฉืขื” ื ืืžืจ ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ "ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ื‘ึผึทื™ึผื•ึนื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืชึผึทืขึทื‘ึฐืจื•ึผ ืึถืช ื”ึทื™ึผึทืจึฐื“ึผึตืŸ ืึถืœ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื”' ืึฑืœึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ ื ึนืชึตืŸ ืœึธืšึฐ ื•ึทื”ึฒืงึตืžึนืชึธ ืœึฐืšึธ ืึฒื‘ึธื ึดื™ื ื’ึผึฐื“ึนืœื•ึนืช ื•ึฐืฉื‚ึทื“ึฐืชึผึธ ืึนืชึธื ื‘ึผึทืฉึผื‚ึดื™ื“: ื•ึฐื›ึธืชึทื‘ึฐืชึผึธ ืขึฒืœึตื™ื”ึถืŸ ืึถืช ื›ึผึธืœ ื“ึผึดื‘ึฐืจึตื™ ื”ึทืชึผื•ึนืจึธื” ื”ึทื–ึผึนืืช ื‘ึผึฐืขึธื‘ึฐืจึถืšึธ ืœึฐืžึทืขึทืŸ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืชึผึธื‘ึนื ืึถืœ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื”' ืึฑืœึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ ื ึนืชึตืŸ ืœึฐืšึธ ืึถืจึถืฅ ื–ึธื‘ึทืช ื—ึธืœึธื‘ ื•ึผื“ึฐื‘ึทืฉื ื›ึผึทืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื“ึผึดื‘ึผึถืจ ื”' ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ ืึฒื‘ึนืชึถื™ืšึธ ืœึธืšึฐ" (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ื–).


ืขืœ ื”ืื‘ื ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” "ื‘ึผึทืึตืจ ื”ึตื™ื˜ึตื‘" ื‘ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ืœืฉื•ืŸ. ื–ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžืื•ื“ ื•ื”ื™ื ื ื•ืขื“ื” ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื ื• ื›ื™ ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืคืฆืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ืฉืขืฉื• ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ื•ื–ื›ื• ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ.


ื ืฉืžื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืœื›ื•ืช ื•ื ืชืงื ื•ืช



ื”ืืจ"ื™ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื ื— ื•ืื‘ืจื”ื ื•ืžืฉื” ื•ืžืฉื™ื— ื”ื ื ืฉืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ื ืชืงื ืช ืœืคื™ ื”ื˜ื”ืจื” ืฉืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ื˜ื”ืจ ืžื”ืงืœืงื•ืœ ื‘ืขืช ื—ื˜ื ืื“ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ. ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ื‘ื ื— ื•ืžืชืงื ืช ืืช ื”ืฆื“ ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื”ื™ื ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ื‘ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืžื ืกื” ืœืชืงืŸ ื’ื ืืช ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื•ืžืฆืœื™ื— ื—ืœืงื™ืช. ืืช ืกื“ื•ื ืื‘ืจื”ื ืœื ืžืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืžืชืคืœืœ ืขืœ ืื‘ื™ืžืœืš. ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ื”ื ืฉืžื” ื”ื–ื• ื‘ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ืฉืžืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืื—ืจื™ ื—ื˜ื ื”ืขื’ืœ ื•ื—ื˜ืื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื (ืœืงื•ื˜ื™ ื”ืฉ"ืก - ืžืกื›ืช ืื‘ื•ืช). ื•ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”' ืชื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื™ื— "ื•ึฐื ึธื”ึฒืจื•ึผ ืึตืœึธื™ื• ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทื’ึผื•ึนื™ึดื: ื•ึฐื”ึธืœึฐื›ื•ึผ ืขึทืžึผึดื™ื ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ื ื•ึฐืึธืžึฐืจื•ึผ ืœึฐื›ื•ึผ ื•ึฐื ึทืขึฒืœึถื” ืึถืœ ื”ึทืจ ื”' ืึถืœ ื‘ึผึตื™ืช ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ ื™ึทืขึฒืงึนื‘ ื•ึฐื™ึนืจึตื ื•ึผ ืžึดื“ึผึฐืจึธื›ึธื™ื• ื•ึฐื ึตืœึฐื›ึธื” ื‘ึผึฐืึนืจึฐื—ึนืชึธื™ื• ื›ึผึดื™ ืžึดืฆึผึดื™ึผื•ึนืŸ ืชึผึตืฆึตื ืชื•ึนืจึธื” ื•ึผื“ึฐื‘ึทืจ ื”' ืžึดื™ืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึธึดื: ื•ึฐืฉืึธืคึทื˜ ื‘ึผึตื™ืŸ ื”ึทื’ึผื•ึนื™ึดื ื•ึฐื”ื•ึนื›ึดื™ื—ึท ืœึฐืขึทืžึผึดื™ื ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ื ื•ึฐื›ึดืชึผึฐืชื•ึผ ื—ึทืจึฐื‘ื•ึนืชึธื ืœึฐืึดืชึผึดื™ื ื•ึทื—ึฒื ึดื™ืชื•ึนืชึตื™ื”ึถื ืœึฐืžึทื–ึฐืžึตืจื•ึนืช ืœึนื ื™ึดืฉึผื‚ึธื ื’ื•ึนื™ ืึถืœ ื’ึผื•ึนื™ ื—ึถืจึถื‘ ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึดืœึฐืžึฐื“ื•ึผ ืขื•ึนื“ ืžึดืœึฐื—ึธืžึธื”" (ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ื‘).


ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื•ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ื’ื“ืœื•ืช ืืฆืœ ื ื— ื•ื™ื•ื ื” ื”ื ื‘ื™ื



ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื— ืœื™ื•ื ื” ื”ื ื‘ื™ื



ื‘ืชื™ืงื•ื ื™ ื–ื”ืจ ืžื•ื‘ื ื›ื™ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื ื” ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ื”ื•ื ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื ื— (ื ื“/ื). ื ื™ื ื•ื” ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžื•ื–ื›ืจืช ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื ื— ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืขืœ ืืฉื•ืจ ืฉืขื•ื–ื‘ ืืช ืืจืฆื• ืฉืœ ื ืžืจื•ื“ "ืžึดืŸ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื”ึทื”ึดื•ื ื™ึธืฆึธื ืึทืฉึผืื•ึผืจ ื•ึทื™ึผึดื‘ึถืŸ ืึถืช ื ึดื™ื ึฐื•ึตื” ื•ึฐืึถืช ืจึฐื—ึนื‘ึนืช ืขึดื™ืจ ื•ึฐืึถืช ื›ึผึธืœึทื—" (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื™ ื™ื) - "ื›ึผึตื™ื•ึธืŸ ืฉืึถืจึธืึธื” ืึทืฉึผืื•ึผืจ ืึถืช ื‘ึผึธื ึธื™ื• ืฉืื•ึนืžึฐืขึดื™ืŸ ืœึฐื ึดืžึฐืจื•ึนื“ ื•ึผืžื•ึนืจึฐื“ึดื™ืŸ ื‘ึผึทืžึผึธืงื•ึนื ืœึดื‘ึฐื ื•ึนืช ื”ึทืžึผึดื’ึฐื“ึผึธืœ - ื™ึธืฆึธื ืžึดืชึผื•ึนื›ึธื" (ืจืฉ"ื™ ื‘ืฉื ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื‘ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืจื‘ื”).


ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืžืขืฉื™ื• ืฉืœ ืืฉื•ืจ, ืฉื•ืœื— ื”' ืืช ื™ื•ื ื” ืื—ืจื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืœืฃ ืฉื ื™ื ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื ื™ื ื•ื” ืฉื”ื•ืœื›ืช ืœื”ื™ื—ืจื‘ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืžืขืฉื™ื” ื”ืจืขื™ื. ื™ื•ื ื” ืœื ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืžื” ื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื ื™ื ื•ื” ืžืขืฆืžื”, ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ื” ื•ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื›ื•ืœื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื”ืœื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”'. "ื›ึผึดึฃื™ ืœึนึคื ืžึทื—ึฐืฉืึฐื‘ื•ึนืชึทื™ึ™ ืžึทื—ึฐืฉืึฐื‘ึฃื•ึนืชึตื™ื›ึถึ”ื ื•ึฐืœึนึฅื ื“ึทืจึฐื›ึตื™ื›ึถึ–ื ื“ึผึฐืจึธื›ึธึ‘ื™ ื ึฐืึปึ–ื ื”ึฝ': ื›ึผึดึฝื™ึพื’ึธื‘ึฐื”ึฅื•ึผ ืฉืึธืžึทึ–ื™ึดื ืžึตืึธึ‘ืจึถืฅ ื›ึผึตึฃืŸ ื’ึผึธื‘ึฐื”ึคื•ึผ ื“ึฐืจึธื›ึทื™ึ™ ืžึดื“ึผึทืจึฐื›ึตื™ื›ึถึ”ื ื•ึผืžึทื—ึฐืฉืึฐื‘ึนืชึทึ–ื™ ืžึดืžึผึทื—ึฐืฉืึฐื‘ึนืชึตื™ื›ึถึฝื" (ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ื ื”, ื—-ื˜). ื™ื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืชื• ืžื•ืœ ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”' ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”'. "ื”ึฒืœึนื ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทื’ึผึดื‘ึผื•ึนืจึดื™ื ื›ึผึฐืึทื™ึดืŸ ืœึฐืคึธื ึถื™ืšึธ. ื•ึฐืึทื ึฐืฉืึตื™ ื”ึทืฉึผืึตื ื›ึผึฐืœึนื ื”ึธื™ื•ึผ. ื•ึทื—ึฒื›ึธืžึดื™ื ื›ึผึดื‘ึฐืœึดื™ ืžึทื“ึผึธืข ื•ึผื ึฐื‘ื•ึนื ึดื™ื ื›ึผึดื‘ึฐืœึดื™ ื”ึทืฉึนึฐื›ึผึตืœ".


ื ึดื™ื ึฐื•ึตื” ื”ึธืขึดื™ืจ ื”ึทื’ึผึฐื“ื•ึนืœึธื” โ€“ ืื™ืจื•ืข ืขื•ืœืžื™



ื ื™ื ื•ื” ื ืงืจืืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื ื— ื•ื‘ืกืคืจ ื™ื•ื ื” ื—ืžืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื, "ืงื•ึผื ืœึตืšึฐ ืึถืœ ื ึดื™ื ึฐื•ึตื” ื”ึธืขึดื™ืจ ื”ึทื’ึผึฐื“ื•ึนืœึธื” ื•ึผืงึฐืจึธื ืขึธืœึถื™ื”ึธ ื›ึผึดื™ ืขึธืœึฐืชึธื” ืจึธืขึธืชึธื ืœึฐืคึธื ึธื™" (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื™ ื™ื‘. ื™ื•ื ื” ื ื‘, ื’ ื‘. ื’ ื’. ื“ ื™ื). ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื–ื” ืกื™ื‘ื”, ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ืจืช ื”ืื™ืžืคืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ืืฉื•ืจ ืฉืฉืœื˜ื” ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืื•ืชื ื™ืžื™ื. ืื ืื ืฉื™ื” ื™ื—ื–ืจื• ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” โ€“ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• ื™ืจืื” ื•ื™ืœืžื“, ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื—ืœืงื™ืช.


ืœืื™ืจื•ืข ื‘ืกืคืจ ื™ื•ื ื” ื™ืฉ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช. ื™ื•ื ื” ืœื ืžืฆืœื™ื— ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ื–ื” ื•ื‘ื•ืจื— ืžืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืœื›ืŸ ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืกืคืจ ื™ื•ื ื” ื”ื•ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ. "ื•ื”' ื”ึตื˜ึดื™ืœ ืจื•ึผื—ึท ื’ึผึฐื“ื•ึนืœึธื” ืึถืœ ื”ึทื™ึผึธื ื•ึทื™ึฐื”ึดื™ ืกึทืขึทืจ ื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ ื‘ึผึทื™ึผึธื" (ื™ื•ื ื” ื ื“. ื ื™ื‘). ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ื ืืžืจ "ื•ึทื™ึผึดื™ืจึฐืื•ึผ ื”ึธืึฒื ึธืฉืึดื™ื ื™ึดืจึฐืึธื” ื’ึฐื“ื•ึนืœึธื”" (ื™ื•ื ื” ื ื™, ื ื˜ื–). ื’ื ื”ื“ื’ ืฉื‘ื•ืœืข ืืช ื™ื•ื ื” ื”ื•ื "ื“ึผึธื’ ื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ" (ื™ื•ื ื” ื‘ ื). ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืžื–ื”ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื (ื™ื•ื ื” ื’ ื–) ืฉื—ื•ื–ืจ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“.


ืœืฉื ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื”, ื‘ื›ืœ ืกืคืจื™ ืชืจื™ ืขืฉืจ ืœื ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืื• ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืกืคืจ. ืื•ืžื ื ื‘ืกืคืจ ื–ื›ืจื™ื” ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ื”ืžื™ืœื” "ื’ื“ื•ืœ" 15 ืคืขืžื™ื ื›ืžื• ื‘ืกืคืจ ื™ื•ื ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืกืคืจ ื–ื›ืจื™ื” ืžื›ื™ืœ 14 ืคืจืงื™ื ื•ืื™ืœื• ืกืคืจ ื™ื•ื ื” ืžื›ื™ืœ ืจืง 4 ืคืจืงื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื. ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ืžืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื ื” ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ื ืžืฉื™ืžื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” โ€“ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืืช ื“ืจื›ื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืฉื ืืžืจ ืขืœื™ื• "ื•ืืขืฉืš ืœื’ื•ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ". ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืชืงืŸ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื "ื•ื ื‘ืจื›ื• ื›ืš ื›ืœ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื”ืื“ืžื”".


ื•ึทื™ึผึตืจึทืข ืึถืœ ื™ื•ึนื ึธื” ืจึธืขึธื” ื’ึฐื“ื•ึนืœึธื”



ื›ืฉืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื ื™ื ื•ื” ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ืœื™ื•ื ื” ืจืข. ื‘ืืžืช ื™ื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืžื•ื— ืฉืžื—ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืขื™ืจ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืžืคืกื™ืงื” ืœืขืฉื•ืง ืขื ื™ื™ื. ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื™ืœืžื“ื• ืžื”ื ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื "ื•ึฐื™ึธืฉืึปื‘ื•ึผ ืึดื™ืฉื ืžึดื“ึผึทืจึฐื›ึผื•ึน ื”ึธืจึธืขึธื” ื•ึผืžึดืŸ ื”ึถื—ึธืžึธืก ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื‘ึผึฐื›ึทืคึผึตื™ื”ึถื". ื”ื ืœื ื™ื›ืขื™ืกื• ืืช ื”' "ื•ึฐืฉืึธื‘ ืžึตื—ึฒืจื•ึนืŸ ืึทืคึผื•ึน" (ื™ื•ื ื” ื’ ื—-ื˜). ืื‘ืœ ื™ื•ื ื” ืœื ืžืฆืœื™ื— ืœืฉืžื•ื— ื•ืจืข ืœื• "ืจึธืขึธื” ื’ึฐื“ื•ึนืœึธื” ื•ึทื™ึผึดื—ึทืจ ืœื•ึน" (ื™ื•ื ื” ื“ ื).


ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื• ืืžืจื• ืฉื™ื•ื ื” ื ืคื’ืข ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช. "ืึธืžึทืจ, ืขึทื›ึฐืฉืึธื• ื™ึนืืžึฐืจื•ึผ ื”ึธืขึทื›ึผื•ึผ"ื ืฉืึธืื ึตื™ ื ึฐื‘ึดื™ื ื”ึทืฉึผืึถืงึถืจ" (ืจืฉ"ื™). ื”' ื›ื•ืขืก ืขืœื™ื• ื•ืื•ืžืจ ืœื•: ื”ืื ืืชื” ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœืš ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืœืžืขืœื” ืž-120 ืืœืฃ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ื ื•ื”? ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ืฉื™ื•ื ื” ืœื ืงื•ืœื˜ ืืช ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข ืฉืžืชืจื—ืฉ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื•.


ืฉื”ื’ื•ื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ืŸ, ืฉืœื ืœื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ



ื™ืฉ ืžื—ื›ืžื™ื ื• ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื ื›ื™ ื™ื•ื ื” ื—ืก ืขืœ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืœื ื™ืืžืจื•: ื”ื ื”, ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืžื”ืจื” ื•ืื™ืœื• ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื ืขื ืงืฉื” ืขื•ืจืฃ. "ืฉื”ื’ื•ื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ืŸ, ืฉืœื ืœื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ" (ืžื›ื™ืœืชื ื‘ื ื”ืงื“ืžื”). ื”ื•ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื›ืขื•ืก ืขื“ ืฉื”ื•ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืžื•ืช "ื•ึฐืขึทืชึผึธื” ื”' ืงึทื— ื ึธื ืึถืช ื ึทืคึฐืฉืึดื™ ืžึดืžึผึถื ึผึดื™ ื›ึผึดื™ ื˜ื•ึนื‘ ืžื•ึนืชึดื™ ืžึตื—ึทื™ึผึธื™" (ื™ื•ื ื” ื“ ื’).


ื™ื•ื ื” ืœื ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”' ืื•ื”ื‘ ื’ื ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื—ื›ื•ืช ืฉืื ืฉื™ ื ื™ื ื•ื” ื™ื—ื–ืจื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืจืข (ืจื“"ืง ื“ ื”) ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ื™ื•ื ื” ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืขื™ืจ ืฉื—ื•ื–ืจืช ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ืœื”ืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื, ืœื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืœื”ื ืืช ื“ืจืš ื”'.


ืื™ืœื• ื™ื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ืฉื” ื›ืš ื”ื™ื” ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• ืœื•ืžื“ ืžื”ื ื•ื”ื™ื” ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืขื•ืœืžื™. ื’ื ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื” ืžืจื•ื•ื™ื— ื›ืืฉืจ ื—ื™ืœ ืืฉื•ืจ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืชืงืœืงืœ (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืกืคืจ ื ื—ื•ื) ื•ืžื—ืจื™ื‘ ืืช ืฉื•ืžืจื•ืŸ ื•ืžื’ืœื” ืืช ืขืฉืจืช ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื. ืื‘ืœ ื™ื•ื ื” ืœื ืจืื” ืืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื”.


ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืื‘ืจื”ื โ€“ ื”ื•ืœืš ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”' ื•ืœื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื•



ืขืœ ื–ื” ื ืืžืจ ื‘ืกืคืจ ืžืฉืœื™ "ื™ึตืฉื ื“ึผึถืจึถืšึฐ ื™ึธืฉืึธืจ ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ืึดื™ืฉื ื•ึฐืึทื—ึฒืจึดื™ืชึธื”ึผ ื“ึผึทืจึฐื›ึตื™ ืžึธื•ึถืช" (ื™ื“ ื™ื‘). ืœื ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื™ืฉืจ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ืš ื”ื•ื ื‘ืืžืช ื ื›ื•ืŸ. ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืชื™ืš ื™ื‘ื™ืื• ื“ืจื›ื™ ืžื•ื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ืฉืงืจื” ื‘ืขืช ืฉื›ื‘ืฉ ืžืœืš ืืฉื•ืจ ืืช ืขืฉืจืช ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื.


ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืืช ื“ืจื›ื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉื”ื•ืœืš ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”' ื•ื›ืš ืžื—ื ืš ืืช ื‘ื ื™ื•. ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืชื“ืœ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื™ ื–ื” ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”'. "ื›ึผึดื™ ื™ึฐื“ึทืขึฐืชึผึดื™ื• ืœึฐืžึทืขึทืŸ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื™ึฐืฆึทื•ึผึถื” ืึถืช ื‘ึผึธื ึธื™ื• ื•ึฐืึถืช ื‘ึผึตื™ืชื•ึน ืึทื—ึฒืจึธื™ื• ื•ึฐืฉืึธืžึฐืจื•ึผ ื“ึผึถืจึถืšึฐ ื”' ืœึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึนืช ืฆึฐื“ึธืงึธื” ื•ึผืžึดืฉืึฐืคึผึธื˜, ืœึฐืžึทืขึทืŸ ื”ึธื‘ึดื™ื ื”' ืขึทืœ ืึทื‘ึฐืจึธื”ึธื ืึตืช ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื“ึผึดื‘ึผึถืจ ืขึธืœึธื™ื•" (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื™ื— ื™ื˜).


 


ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื


ืžืฉืืœื” ืฉื”ืชื’ืฉืžื”



ืกื™ืคืจ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉื™ ื“ืื•ื, ืจื‘ ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช "ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื—ื™":  ืžืจืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื–ืฆื•ืง"ืœ ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ื‘ืจืžืช ื”ื’ื•ืœืŸ. ื•ืžื•"ืจ ืื‘ื™ ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ื“ืื•ื ื–ืฆื•ืง"ืœ ืœืงื— ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ืœื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™. ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ืงืฉื” ื‘ืจืžืช ื”ื’ื•ืœืŸ ื•ื’ืฉืžื™ื ืœื ื™ืจื“ื• ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘.


ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื™ื‘ืจ ืขื ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ืฉืืœ ืื•ืชื ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืฉืืœื•ืช ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืื•ืชื•. ืงื ื™ืœื“ ื‘ื›ื™ืชื” ื' ืื• ื‘' ื•ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ืœืžื” ืื™ืŸ ื’ืฉื. ื”ืจื‘ ืžืื•ื“ ื”ืชืจื’ืฉ ืฉื™ืœื“ ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉื•ืืœ ื•ืžื‘ืงืฉ ื’ืฉืžื™ื, ื•ื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืœื•: ื’ืฉื ื–ื” ืœื ื‘ืขื™ื”, ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื™ืจื“ ื’ืฉื. ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืฉื ื”ืชืคืœื ืขืœ ื”ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ื”ื–ืืช. ืฉื•ื ื’ืฉื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืฆืคื•ื™ ื•ืฉื•ื ืฉืงืข ื‘ืจื•ืžื˜ืจื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืง, ื•ืžื ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื™ืจื“ ื’ืฉื?


ื”ืฉืžื•ืขื” ืขืœ ื”ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ืคืฉื˜ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื ืฉื—ื™ื›ื• ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ืœื’ืฉืžื™ื ื•ื”ื ืฆื™ืคื• ื‘ื›ื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืœืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข. ื•ื‘ืืžืช ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืื•ืชื• ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื™ืจื“ื• ื’ืฉืžื™ ื‘ืจื›ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืขื“ ืฉื”ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ืฆืคื™ื ืžื™ื ืœื’ืžืจื™.


ื›ืฉืฉืืœื• ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืžื ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื›ื–ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืจื™ื“ืช ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ื, ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ื›ื™ ื›ืืฉืจ ืืœื” ืžื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืœื ื”ืงืจื™ื‘ื• ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืคืกื— ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืืœื• "ืœืžื” ื ื’ืจืข, ืœื‘ืœืชื™ ื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืืช-ืงืจื‘ืŸ ื”' ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ื• ื‘ืชื•ืš ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ?" โ€“ ื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืœื”ื ืžืฉื”:  "ืขืžื“ื• ื•ืืฉืžืขื”, ืžื” ื™ืฆื•ื” ื”' ืœื›ื".


ืžื ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžืฉื” ืฉื”' ื™ืฆื•ื•ื” ืœื”ื ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื›ืœืฉื”ื•? ืืœื ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืงื•ืจื ืœื”' ื‘ืืžืช, ืœื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืืœื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”' ืื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืื—ืจื™ื, ืžื™ื“ ื”ื•ื ื ืขื ื”. ื›ืฉืฉืžืขืชื™ ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ ืžื‘ืงืฉ ื’ืฉื, ืœื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื• ืืœื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืื‘ื™ื• ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ ืื• ื”ื•ืจื™ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื• ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื - ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืฉื”' ืœื ื™ืฉื™ื‘ ืืช ืคื ื™ื™ืชื• ืจื™ืงื. 


 


ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืžืชื’ืฉืžื•ืช



ืกื™ืคืจ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื: ื™ืฆืืชื™ ืžื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ื ื•ืขื, ืฉื ื”ืขื‘ืจืชื™ ืฉื™ื—ื” ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื, ื•ื”ื ื” ื ื™ื’ืฉืช ืืœื™ ืื™ืฉื”, ื‘ื’ืฉื ื”ืฉื•ื˜ืฃ, ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ื” ื™ืœื“ื” ืงื˜ื ื”, ื•ื”ื™ื ืžื‘ืงืฉืช ืœืกืคืจ ืœื™ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ.


ืžืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืื™ืฉื” ื”ื–ืืช ื•ื‘ืขืœื” ื—ื™ื›ื• ืฉื™ื™ื•ื•ืœื“ื• ืœื”ื ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘. ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ืœื›ื• ืœื›ืžื” ื•ื›ืžื” ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ื•ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื ื™ืกื• ื’ื ื›ืžื” ื•ื›ืžื” ืกื’ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ื”ืื™ืฉื” ืœืœื›ืช ืœืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื–ืฆ"ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื‘ืจื›ืชื•.


ื”ืจื‘ ืืžืจ ืœื” ื‘ื ื—ืจืฆื•ืช: ื‘ืข"ื” ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœืš ืขื•ื“ ื™ืœื“ื™ื. ืืœื ืฉื”ืจื‘ ื—ืœื”, ื•ื”ื ืก ืœื ืงืจื”.


ืžืื– ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืขื‘ืจื• ืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ื, ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืืžืจื• ืœื”: ืืช ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจืช, ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ืกื™ื›ื•ื™. ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื™ืฉื” ืžืกืคืจืช ืฉื”ื™ื ื—ื™ื–ืงื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื” ื•ืืžืจื” ื‘ืœื™ื‘ื”: ืื ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืฆ"ืœ ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— - ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ื–ื” ื™ืชื’ืฉื. ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื™ ืื™ืŸ ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื”ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืœื ืชืชืงื™ื™ื.


ื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ื, ืžืกืคืจืช ืœื™ ื”ืื™ืฉื”, ื”ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ื”ืชื’ืฉืžื”. ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื”ื™ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ืœ, ื•ื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืชืฉืขื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื ื•ืœื“ื” ื”ื™ืœื“ื” ื”ื–ืืช ืฉืขืœ ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื™. ื”ื™ื ื”ื‘ืจื›ื”.


ืžืžืฉื™ืš ื”ืจื‘ ื•ืžืกืคืจ: ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื”ืชืจื’ืฉืชื™ ืžืื•ื“ ืžื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืฉืืœืชื™ ืื•ืชื” ืœืžื” ื”ื™ื ืขื•ืžื“ืช ื›ืš ื‘ื’ืฉื, ืขื ื™ืœื“ื” ืงื˜ื ื”. ื•ื”ืื™ืฉื” ื”ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช: ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืกืคืจ ืœืš ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ืฉืžืชื’ืฉืžื•ืช. ื’ื ืื ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ืื™ื—ื•ืจ.


 


ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื›ื”ืœื›ื”



ืื•ืจ ืžื‘ื•ืจืš. ื”ืื ื™ืœื“ื” ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื’ื™ืœ 12 ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืื™ืžื ืฉืื™ื ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ?


ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื ืจื•ืช, ืืš ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื‘ืจืš. ื•ืœื›ืŸ, ืื ื”ืื™ืฉื” ืœื ื ืžืฆืืช, ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื’ื‘ืจ ืื• ืขืœ ื‘ืช ืื—ืจืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืื™ืฉื” ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื‘ื ืคืจื“, ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ื ืžืฆืืช.


 


 


ืฉืžื™ื˜ื” ืžืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื. ืžื” ืขื“ื™ืฃ, ื”ื™ืชืจ ืžื›ื™ืจื” ืื• "ืžื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ" ื—ื•"ืœ/ ื™ื‘ื•ืœ ื ื•ื›ืจื™?


ืื ื”ื™ืชืจ ื”ืžื›ื™ืจื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ืœื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื (ืฉื–ื” ื ื“ื™ืจ) ืขื“ื™ืฃ.


ืื ื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ื‘ืœื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื, ืื• ืฉืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืžื—ื•"ืœ.


ื•ืื ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืื ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืžื—ื•"ืœ ืื• ืžืื•ื™ื‘ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื”ื™ืชืจ ืžื›ื™ืจื” ืขื“ื™ืฃ.


 


ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il