ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื
  • ื™ื•ื ื›ื™ืคื•ืจ
  • ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
  • ืกืคืจื™ื”
  • ืคื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืœื›ื”
  • ื™ืžื™ื ื ื•ืจืื™ื
undefined
37 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”

ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืœืขื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืฉืžืช

ื”ืจื‘ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื‘ืŸ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื‘"ืจ ืฉื‘ืชื™ ื–ืฆ"ืœ


ื™ื•ื ื›ื™ืคื•ืจ




ื - ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื™ื•ื
ื›ืžื• ืฉื‘ืชื•ืช ื•ื—ื’ื™ื, ื’ื ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื ืงืจื 'ืžืงืจื ืงื•ื“ืฉ', ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื›ื’, ื›ื–): "ืึทืšึฐ ื‘ึผึถืขึธืฉื‚ื•ึนืจ ืœึทื—ึนื“ึถืฉื ื”ึทืฉึผืึฐื‘ึดื™ืขึดื™ ื”ึทื–ึผึถื” ื™ื•ึนื ื”ึทื›ึผึดืคึผึปืจึดื™ื ื”ื•ึผื ืžึดืงึฐืจึธื ืงึนื“ึถืฉื ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืœึธื›ึถื..." ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืฉื‘ืชื•ืช ื•ื—ื’ื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœืขื ื’ ืืช ื”ื™ื•ื ื•ืœื›ื‘ื“ื•, ื•ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื (ืกืคืจื ืืžื•ืจ ื™ื‘, ื“): "ื•ื‘ืžื” ืืชื” ืžืงื“ืฉื•? ื‘ืžืื›ืœ, ื‘ืžืฉืชื” ื•ื‘ื›ืกื•ืช ื ืงื™ื™ื”" (ืจืžื‘"ื ื™ื•"ื˜ ื•, ื˜ื–; ืฉื•"ืข ืื•"ื— ืชืงื›ื˜, ื). ืื•ืœื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชืขื ื•ืช, ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœืงื“ืฉื• ื ื•ืชืจื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ื• ื‘ื›ืกื•ืช ื ืงื™ื™ื”. ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื (ืฉื‘ืช ืงื™ื˜, ื), ืฉืขืœ ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืืžืจ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ (ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ื ื—, ื™ื’): "ืœึดืงึฐื“ื•ึนืฉื ื”' ืžึฐื›ึปื‘ึผึธื“" - "ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืœื ืื›ื™ืœื” ื•ืœื ืฉืชื™ื”, ืืžืจื” ืชื•ืจื”: ื›ื‘ื“ื”ื• ื‘ื›ืกื•ืช ื ืงื™ื™ื”" (ืจื™"ืฃ ื•ืจื"ืฉ ื™ื•ืžื ื—, ื˜).
ืจื‘ื™ื ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ืœื‘ื ื™ื, ื ืื™ื ื•ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“ื™ื, ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ืžืœืื›ื™ ื”ืฉืจืช, ืฉื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืื™ื ื ื• ื ื’ืจืจื™ื ืื—ืจ ืชืื•ื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ื•ืื ื• ื ืงื™ื™ื ืžื—ื˜ื ื›ืžืœืื›ื™ ื”ืฉืจืช. ื•ื›ืŸ ื ื•ื”ื’ื•ืช ื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืœืœื‘ื•ืฉ ืœื‘ืŸ, ื•ื’ื ืืœื” ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ืœื•ื‘ืฉื•ืช ืœื‘ืŸ, ื ื•ื”ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœื ืœื”ืชืคืืจ ื‘ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ื™ื ื•ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ืžืงื•ืฉื˜ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื, ืžืคื ื™ ืื™ืžืช ื™ื•ื ื”ื“ื™ืŸ (ืžืจื“ื›ื™, ืจืž"ื ืชืจื™, ื“; ืž"ื‘ ื˜ื–-ื™ื–). ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื™ื•ืฆืื™ ืืฉื›ื ื– ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœืœื‘ื•ืฉ 'ืงื™ื˜ืœ', ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื’ื“ ืœื‘ืŸ ืฉืจื•ืžื– ืœืฉื ื™ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื. ื”ืื—ื“ ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ืžืœืื›ื™ ื”ืฉืจืช, ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ืชื›ืจื™ื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืชื™ื, ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื–ื” ื”ืœื‘ ื ืฉื‘ืจ ื•ื ื›ื ืข ื•ืžืชืขื•ืจืจ ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื”. ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืชืคื ื•ืช ืœื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืขื ื”ืงื™ื˜ืœ, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื’ื“ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœืชืคื™ืœื”, ืื‘ืœ ืœืงื˜ื ื™ื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืชืคื ื•ืช ื‘ื• (ืžื˜ื” ืืคืจื™ื ื™ื‘; ืž"ื‘ ื™ื—)
ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœื ืงื•ืช ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื, ื•ืœืคืจื•ืฉ ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืžืคื” ื ืื”, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœืงืจืืช ืฉื‘ืช (ืžืจื“ื›ื™, ืจืž"ื ืชืจื™, ื“; ืขืจื•ื”"ืฉ ื‘). ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœื”ืชืจื—ืฅ ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžืชืจื—ืฆื™ื ืœืงืจืืช ืฉื‘ืช. ื•ื™ืฉ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื’ื ืœื˜ื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ืžืงื•ื•ื” (ืœืขื™ืœ ื”, ื™).
ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœื ืงื•ืช ืืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช, ื•ืœื”ื›ื™ื ื• ืœืงืจืืช ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื ืื” ื•ื”ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื™ื•ื, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ื›ื“, ื˜ื•): "ืขึทืœ ื›ึผึตืŸ ื‘ึผึธืึปืจึดื™ื ื›ึผึทื‘ึผึฐื“ื•ึผ ื”'" (ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจื™, ื’-ื“, ืž"ื‘ ื˜).
ืฉืœื ื›ืžื• ื‘ืฆื•ื ืชืฉืขื” ื‘ืื‘, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžืจื™ื—ื™ื ื‘ืฉืžื™ื, ืžืฉื•ื ื”ืื‘ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ (ืฉื•"ืข ืชืงื ื˜, ื–, ืฉืขื”"ืฆ ืชืงื ื•, ื). ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื”ืจื™ื— ื‘ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืœื‘ืจืš ืขืœื™ื”ื, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘, ื•ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืžื›ื‘ื“ ืืช ื”ื™ื•ื ื•ืื™ื ื• ืืกื•ืจ ืžืฉื•ื ื”ืชืขื ื™ืช, ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืชื•.
ื‘ - ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืžืœืื›ื” ื•ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืชื”
ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืขืฉื” ืœืฉื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืžื›ืœ ืžืœืื›ื”, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื›ื’, ืœื‘): "ืฉืึทื‘ึผึทืช ืฉืึทื‘ึผึธืชื•ึนืŸ ื”ื•ึผื ืœึธื›ึถื". ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืฉื” ืžืœืื›ื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื, ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš ืฉื‘ื™ื˜ืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช 'ืขืฉื”' ืขื‘ืจ ืขืœ 'ืœื ืชืขืฉื”', ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืฉื ื›ื’, ื›ื—): "ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ืžึฐืœึธืื›ึธื” ืœึนื ืชึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึผ". ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ื›ืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ื•ืชืฉืข ื”ืžืœืื›ื•ืช ื”ืืกื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืืกื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื. ื•ื”ืขื•ืฉื” ืžืœืื›ื” ื‘ืžื–ื™ื“ - ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื›ืจืช, ื•ื‘ืฉื•ื’ื’ - ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื—ื˜ืืช. ื•ืจืง ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื—ื“ ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืช ืœื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื, ืฉื”ืขื•ืฉื” ืžืœืื›ื” ื‘ืžื–ื™ื“ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขื“ื™ื ืฉื”ืชืจื• ื‘ื•, ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืกืงื™ืœื”, ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื›ืจืช, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืฉื ื›ื’, ืœ): "ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ื”ึทื ึผึถืคึถืฉื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืชึผึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึถื” ื›ึผึธืœ ืžึฐืœึธืื›ึธื” ื‘ึผึฐืขึถืฆึถื ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทื–ึผึถื” ื•ึฐื”ึทืึฒื‘ึทื“ึฐืชึผึดื™ ืึถืช ื”ึทื ึผึถืคึถืฉื ื”ึทื”ึดื•ื ืžึดืงึผึถืจึถื‘ ืขึทืžึผึธื”ึผ" (ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ืœ' ืฉื‘ื™ืชืช ื”ืขืฉื•ืจ ื, ื-ื‘; ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจื™ื, ื‘).
ื›ืžื• ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื’ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœืฉื‘ื•ืช ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ื’ื ืฉืœื ื ืขืฉื” ืืช ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื ื—ื•ืœ. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืื™ืกื•ืจ ืžืœืื›ื” ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื’ื ืœืฉื‘ื•ืช ืžื˜ื•ืจื— ื•ืขืžืœ, ืฉืœื ื™ืคืชื— ืื“ื ื—ื ื•ืช, ื•ืœื ื™ืขืกื•ืง ื‘ื”ื•ื‘ืœืช ืžืฉืื•ืช ืœืงืจืืช ืžืœืื›ืช ื™ืžื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœ. ื•ืืฃ ืฉื”ืขื•ืฉื” ื›ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืื—ืช ืžืœ"ื˜ ื”ืžืœืื›ื•ืช, ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœืฉื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืฉื ื›ื’, ืœื‘): "ืฉืึทื‘ึผึทืช ืฉืึทื‘ึผึธืชื•ึนืŸ ื”ื•ึผื ืœึธื›ึถื", ื”ืจื™ ืฉืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื™ื•ื ื•ืฆื‘ื™ื•ื ื•, ืฉื”ื™ืœื•ื›ื• ื•ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจื• ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื›ื‘ื™ื•ื ื—ื•ืœ (ืคื ื”"ืœ ืฉื‘ืช ื›ื‘, ื). ื–ื” ื”ื›ืœืœ: ื›ืœ ื“ื™ื ื™ ืฉื‘ืช ื—ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื, ื•ื ื•ืกืคื” ืขืœื™ื”ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœื”ืชืขื ื•ืช, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื‘ื™ืชื” ื•ืคืจื™ืฉื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
ื’ - ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™
ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ื•ื ื–ืžืŸ ืกืœื™ื—ื” ื•ื›ืคืจื”, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื˜ื–, ืœ): "ื›ึผึดื™ ื‘ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทื–ึผึถื” ื™ึฐื›ึทืคึผึตืจ ืขึฒืœึตื™ื›ึถื ืœึฐื˜ึทื”ึตืจ ืึถืชึฐื›ึถื ืžึดื›ึผึนืœ ื—ึทื˜ึผึนืืชึตื™ื›ึถื ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ื”' ืชึผึดื˜ึฐื”ึธืจื•ึผ", ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืื“ื ืœืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ืœื”ืชื•ื•ื“ื•ืช ืขืœ ื—ื˜ืื™ื• ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื (ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ืœ' ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘, ื–).
ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ื‘ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžืคื•ืจืฉ, ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื ื’ืžืจืช. ืฉื›ืš ื”ื™ื ื›ืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื ื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”, ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืœ ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื›ืžื•ืกื•ืช ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื•ื‘ืœื‘. ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ื‘ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžืคื•ืจืฉ, ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ืฉืžืœื•ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืžืชื‘ืจืจื•ืช ื•ืžืชืœื‘ื ื•ืช, ื•ื”ื—ืจื˜ื” ืขืžื•ืงื” ื•ื ื—ืจืฆืช, ื•ื”ื—ื•ื˜ื ืžืชื—ื–ืง ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื• ืฉืœื ืœื—ื˜ื•ื ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืฆื•ื•ืชื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื˜ืื™ื ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืฉื™ืชื•ื•ื“ื• ืขืœ ืขื•ื•ื ื, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื”, ื•-ื–): "ื“ึผึทื‘ึผึตืจ ืึถืœ ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ: ืึดื™ืฉื ืื•ึน ืึดืฉึผืึธื” ื›ึผึดื™ ื™ึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึผ ืžึดื›ึผึธืœ ื—ึทื˜ึผึนืืช ื”ึธืึธื“ึธื ืœึดืžึฐืขึนืœ ืžึทืขึทืœ ื‘ึผึทื”' ื•ึฐืึธืฉืึฐืžึธื” ื”ึทื ึผึถืคึถืฉื ื”ึทื”ึดื•ื. ื•ึฐื”ึดืชึฐื•ึทื“ึผื•ึผ ืึถืช ื—ึทื˜ึผึธืืชึธื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืขึธืฉื‚ื•ึผ...". ื•ื›ืŸ ื ืืžืจ (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื”, ื”): "ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ื›ึดื™ ื™ึถืึฐืฉืึทื ืœึฐืึทื—ึทืช ืžึตืึตืœึผึถื” ื•ึฐื”ึดืชึฐื•ึทื“ึผึธื” ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื—ึธื˜ึธื ืขึธืœึถื™ื”ึธ". ื•ื›ืฉื ืฉื”ืžืงืจื™ื‘ ื—ื˜ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ืชื•ื•ื“ื•ืช, ื›ืš ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืฉื‘ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ืชื•ื•ื“ื•ืช ืขืœ ื—ื˜ืื•, ื•ื‘ื–ื” ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื• ื ื’ืžืจืช (ืจืžื‘"ื ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื, ื).
ื•ื›ืš ื™ืฉ ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื ื”, ืฉืื ื—ื˜ื ืื“ื ื‘ืฉื’ื’ื” ื™ืืžืจ ืœืคื ื™ ื”' "ื—ื˜ืืชื™", ื•ืื ื—ื˜ื ื‘ืžื–ื™ื“ ื™ืืžืจ "ืขื•ื•ื™ืชื™", ื•ืื ื—ื˜ื ื‘ืžืจื“ ื™ืืžืจ "ืคืฉืขืชื™". ื•ื‘ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืžืงื™ื™ื ืืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืœื ืคืจื˜ ื‘ืคื™ื• ืืช ื—ื˜ืื•, ืืžื ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืฉื™ืคืจื˜ ืืช ื—ื˜ืื•, ื•ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืฉืœื ืœืคืจื˜ ืืช ื”ื—ื˜ื (ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจื–, ื‘; ืž"ื‘ ื”, ืฉืขื”"ืฆ ื™ื. ืœื”ืœืŸ ื“-ื•, ืื™ืžืชื™ ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœืคืจื˜ ื”ื—ื˜ื ื•ืื™ืžืชื™ ืœื). 1
ื“ - ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื•ื“ื™ื ื™ื•
ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ื™ื” ืงื™ื™ื, ื”ื™ื” ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืชื•ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื˜ื–, ื›ื): "ื•ึฐืกึธืžึทืšึฐ ืึทื”ึฒืจึนืŸ ืึถืช ืฉืึฐืชึผึตื™ ื™ึธื“ึธื™ื• ืขึทืœ ืจึนืืฉื ื”ึทืฉึผื‚ึธืขึดื™ืจ ื”ึทื—ึทื™ ื•ึฐื”ึดืชึฐื•ึทื“ึผึธื” ืขึธืœึธื™ื• ืึถืช ื›ึผึธืœ ืขึฒื•ึนื ึนืช ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื•ึฐืึถืช ื›ึผึธืœ ืคึผึดืฉืึฐืขึตื™ื”ึถื ืœึฐื›ึธืœ ื—ึทื˜ึผึนืืชึธื". ื‘ื ื•ืกื— ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืชื•ื•ื“ื”: "ืื ื 'ื”ืฉื', ื—ื˜ืื•, ืขึธื•ื•ึผ, ืคืฉืขื• ืœืคื ื™ืš ืขืžืš ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืื ื 'ื‘ืฉื', ื›ืคืจ ื ื ืœื—ื˜ืื™ื ื•ืœืขื•ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืœืคืฉืขื™ื ืฉื—ื˜ืื• ื•ืฉืขื•ื• ื•ืฉืคืฉืขื• ืœืคื ื™ืš ืขืžืš ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื›ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ืžืฉื” ืขื‘ื“ืš ืžืคื™ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ืš: ื›ึผึดื™ ื‘ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทื–ึผึถื” ื™ึฐื›ึทืคึผึตืจ ืขึฒืœึตื™ื›ึถื ืœึฐื˜ึทื”ึตืจ ืึถืชึฐื›ึถื ืžึดื›ึผึนืœ ื—ึทื˜ึผึนืืชึตื™ื›ึถื ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ 'ื”ืฉื' ืชึผึดื˜ึฐื”ึธืจื•ึผ" (ืœื”ืœืŸ ื™, ื˜ื•). ื”ื—ื˜ืื™ื ื”ื ืฉื’ื’ื•ืช, ืขื•ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื ื—ื˜ืื™ื ืฉื‘ืžื–ื™ื“, ื•ื”ืคืฉืขื™ื ื”ื ื—ื˜ืื™ื ืฉื ืขืฉื• ื‘ืžืจื“. ื•ื–ื” ื”ืกื“ืจ ื”ืจืื•ื™, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืจืื•ื™ ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืขืœ ื”ืงืœ ืชื—ื™ืœื” (ื™ื•ืžื ืœื•, ื‘; ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจื›ื, ื”).
ื‘ื•ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ื–ื” ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืืช ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™, ื•ืืฃ ืฉืžืŸ ื”ืกืชื ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืขืœื” ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื’ื ื›ืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื™ืชื•ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื™ืฉื™ ืขืœ ืขื•ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื•, ืžืขืœื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ื•ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื• ื”ืฉืชืชืคื• ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ื—ื“ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื, ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื ื”ื™ืชื” ืขืžื•ืงื” ื•ืฉืœื™ืžื” ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื ื—ืจื‘, ืชืงื ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ืืžืจ ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ื ื•ืกื— ื•ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ื›ืœืœื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื›ืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ื•ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ื–ื” ื’ื ืขืœ ื—ื˜ืื™ื• (ื™ืจืื™ื, ืจืก"ื’).
ื ื•ืกื— ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ืฉื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ื•ื: "ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื˜ืื ื•, ืขื•ื•ื™ื ื•, ืคืฉืขื ื•" (ื™ื•ืžื ืคื–, ื‘; ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ืœ' ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘, ื—; ืคืจ"ื—, ืž"ื‘ ืชืจื–, ื™ื‘). ื•ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื•ืœื•ืžืจ ื ื•ืกื— ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ืœืคื™ ืกื“ืจ ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช (ืจื‘ ืขืžืจื ื’ืื•ืŸ): "ืืฉืžื ื•, ื‘ื’ื“ื ื•, ื’ื–ืœื ื•, ื“ื‘ืจื ื• ื“ื•ืคื™, ื”ืขื•ื™ื ื•, ื•ื”ืจืฉืขื ื•, ื–ื“ื ื•, ื—ืžืกื ื•, ื˜ืคืœื ื• ืฉืงืจ, ื™ืขืฆื ื• ืจืข, ื›ื–ื‘ื ื•, ืœืฆื ื•, ืžืจื“ื ื•, ื ืืฆื ื•, ืกืจืจื ื•, ืขื•ื™ื ื•, ืคืฉืขื ื•, ืฆืจืจื ื•, ืงืฉื™ื ื• ืขื•ืจืฃ, ืจืฉืขื ื•, ืฉื—ืชื ื•, ืชืขื‘ื ื•..." ื•ืขื•ื“ ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืœืคืจื˜ ื•ืœื•ืžืจ "ืขืœ ื—ื˜ื ืฉื—ื˜ืื ื• ืœืคื ื™ืš ื•ื›ื•'" ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ื—ื˜ืื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ื˜ ืจื‘. ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ื ื•ืกื— ื–ื”, ื ื•ืกืคื• ืขื•ื“ ืœืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื›ืœ ืขื“ื” ืœืคื™ ื ื•ืกื—ื”. 2
ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื™ืฉ ืœืฉืื•ืœ, ื”ื™ืืš ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืฆื“ื™ืง ืœื•ืžืจ "ืžืจื“ื ื•, ื ืืฆื ื•, ืขื•ื™ื ื• ืคืฉืขื ื•", ื•ื”ืจื™ ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืœื ื—ื˜ื ื‘ื–ื“ื•ืŸ ืื• ื‘ืžืจื“? ื•ื”ื™ืืš ื™ืืžืจ ืžื™ ืฉื ื–ื”ืจ ื‘ืžืžื•ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื• "ื’ื–ืœื ื•, ื—ืžืกื ื•"? ืืœื ืฉืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉื™ื—ื–ืจื• ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ื—ื“ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืชืงื ื• ืฉื™ืืžืจ ื›ืœ ืื“ื ื•ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื›ื“ืจืš ืฉื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืžืชื•ื•ื“ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ.
ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš, ืคืขืžื™ื ืฉื’ื ืœืžื™ ืฉืœื ื—ื˜ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ื™ืฉ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื—ื˜ืื™ื ืฉืขืฉื• ื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื• ื•ื—ื‘ืจื™ื•, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืžื—ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื ื•ืœื ืžื—ื”, ืื• ืฉื”ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงืจื‘ื ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ืœื ื”ืชืืžืฅ, ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืื ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉืžืฉ ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื•ืžื•ืคืช, ื”ื™ื• ืžืชืขืœื™ื ื•ืœื ื—ื•ื˜ืื™ื. ื•ืขื•ื“, ืฉื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืจื‘ื™ื ื–ื” ืœื–ื”, ื•ื”ืจื™ ื›ื•ืœื ื›ื’ื•ืฃ ืื—ื“ ืฉื›ืœื•ืœ ืžืื™ื‘ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื›ืœ ื—ื˜ื ืฉื—ื˜ื ืื“ื ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ื ืฆืจืš ื’ื ืœืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื, ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื• ื”ื ืžืชื ืงื™ื ืžื”ื—ืœืง ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ื—ื˜ื, ื•ืžืขื•ืจืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืš ืืช ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื” (ืกืคืจ ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื ืชืจื; ืืจ"ื™, ื‘ื"ื— ื›ื™ ืชืฉื).
ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ืืžืจ ื‘ืขืžื™ื“ื”, ื•ื›ืš ื™ืฉ ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืœ ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื "ืขืœ ื—ื˜ืื™ื ืฉืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื ืืจื‘ืข ืžื™ืชื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ... ืžืœืš ืžื•ื—ืœ ื•ืกื•ืœื—" (ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจื–, ื’; ืž"ื‘ ื™). ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื›ืคื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ืจืืฉ ืื• ืœื”ืฉืชื—ื•ื•ืช ืžืขื˜ ื‘ืขืช ืืžื™ืจืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชื•ื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื›ื ืขื”. ื•ื™ืฉ ืžื”ื“ืจื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชื—ื•ื•ืช ืžืžืฉ ื›ื“ืจืš ืฉืžืฉืชื—ื•ื•ื™ื ื‘ืืžื™ืจืช 'ืžื•ื“ื™ื' (ืฉืœ"ื”). ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื“ืจ ืื‘ืœ ื”ื”ืฉืชื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื”ืžืžื•ืฉื›ืช ืงืฉื” ืœื”ื, ื•ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉืชื—ื•ื• ื‘ืขืช ืืžื™ืจืช "ืืฉืžื ื•, ื‘ื’ื“ื ื•" ื•ื›ื•', ื•ื‘ืขืช ืฉื™ืืžืจื• 'ืขืœ ื—ื˜ื' ื™ืกืชืคืงื• ื‘ื›ืคื™ืคื” ืงืœื”. ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื”ื›ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื—ื–ื” ื‘ืื’ืจื•ืฃ ื‘ืขืช ืืžื™ืจืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™, ื›ืžื•ื“ื” ื•ืื•ืžืจ, ืœื™ื‘ื™ ื’ืจื ืœื—ื˜ื (ืž"ื‘ ืชืจื–, ื™ื). 3
ื” - ื–ืžื ื™ ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™
ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ื•ื ื–ืžืŸ ืกืœื™ื—ื” ื•ื›ืคืจื” ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืžืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื•ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™, ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืฉื™ืชื•ื•ื“ื” ื›ืœ ืื“ื ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื™ื•ื, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืช ืขืจื‘ื™ืช. ืืœื ืฉื—ืฉืฉื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉืžื ื™ืืจืข ืœืื“ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืงืœืงืœื” ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืฉืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฆื•ื, ืฉื™ืฉืืชื›ืจ ื•ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืื—"ื› ืœื”ืชื•ื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืขืจื‘ื™ืช, ืื• ืฉื™ื™ื—ื ืง ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ืชื• ื•ื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืœื ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืชืงื ื• ืฉื™ืชื•ื•ื“ื” ื›ืœ ืื“ื ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืช ืžื ื—ื” ืฉืœืคื ื™ ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื”. ื•ืืข"ืค ืฉื”ืชื•ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืžื ื—ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœื”ืชื•ื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืช ืขืจื‘ื™ืช, ืœืื—ืจ ื›ื ื™ืกืช ื”ื™ื•ื, ืฉืื– ื”ื•ื ืขื™ืงืจ ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืคืจื” ื•ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™. ื•ืืฃ ืฉื”ืชื•ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืช ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื•ืžืชื•ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ืฉื—ืจื™ืช, ืžื•ืกืฃ, ืžื ื—ื” ื•ื ืขื™ืœื” (ื™ื•ืžื ืคื–, ื‘). ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช ืฉืื“ื ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”' ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื”, ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืชื•ื•ื“ื”, ืฉืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื™ื ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”. ืžื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื ื”, ืฉืืฃ ืฉื ื”ื’ื• ืœื”ืชื•ื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื, ืื™ืŸ ืžืชื•ื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืช ืขืžื™ื“ื”. ืขื•ื“ ืืžืจื• ื‘ื˜ืขื ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช, ืฉืื•ืœื™ ืื™ืจืข ืœื• ื“ื‘ืจ ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืœืื—ืจ ืขืจื‘ื™ืช, ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ื™ืชื•ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืฉื—ืจื™ืช, ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืื™ืจืข ืœื• ื“ื‘ืจ ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืื—ืจ ืฉื—ืจื™ืช, ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ื™ืชื•ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืžื•ืกืฃ, ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืžื ื—ื” ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื ืขื™ืœื”, ืฉื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืžื›ืคืจ ืขื“ ืกื•ืคื• ืขื ื—ืฉื™ื›ื” (ืœื‘ื•ืฉ, ืฉื•ืขื”"ืจ ืชืจื–, ื).
ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืช ืœื—ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ืœืื—ืจ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชืคื™ืœืช ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื•ืงื•ื“ื ืืžื™ืจืช 'ืืœื•ื”ื™ ื ืฆื•ืจ', ื•ื‘ื—ื–ืจืช ื”ืฉ"ืฅ ืžืงื•ื ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ืช, ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ื™ื•ื. ืžืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืฉื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื™ืืžืจ ื•ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ื‘ื—ื–ืจืช ื”ืฉ"ืฅ, ืื‘ืœ ืขืœื™ื• ืœืขืžื•ื“ (ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจื–, ื’). ืื•ืœื ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืฉื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœื”ืชื•ื•ื“ื•ืช ืขื ืฉืœื™ื— ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ (ืจ"ืŸ, ืจืž"ื). ื•ื–ืืช ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ืืžืจ ืขืฉืจื” ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ื™ื, ื›ื ื’ื“ ืขืฉืจ ืคืขืžื™ื ืฉืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉื ื”ืžืคื•ืจืฉ (ืœื”ืœืŸ ื™, ื˜ื•-ื˜ื–). ื•ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืกื“ืจ ืขืฉืจืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ื™ื, ืื—ื“ ื‘ืžื ื—ื” ืฉืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฆื•ื, ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืช ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืœื™ืœ ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื. ื•ืขื•ื“ ืฉืžื•ื ื” ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืืจื‘ืข ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื, ืฉื—ืจื™ืช, ืžื•ืกืฃ, ืžื ื—ื” ื•ื ืขื™ืœื”, ื‘ื›ืœ ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืœื—ืฉ ื•ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ืื—ื“ ื‘ื—ื–ืจืช ื”ืฉ"ืฅ. ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช ืฉืื—ืจ ืชืคื™ืœืช ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ืื™ื ื• ื ื—ืฉื‘, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื ืืžืจ ื‘ืชื•ืš ืชืคื™ืœืช ืขืžื™ื“ื” (ื˜ื•ืจ ืชืจื›ื; ืž"ื‘ ื‘).
ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ, ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื•ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื•ืžืจ ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ืœืื—ืจ ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืžืคืกืงืช ืœืคื ื™ ื—ืฉื™ื›ื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื›ื ืก ืื“ื ืœื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”. ืืœื ืฉื—ืฉืฉื• ืฉืžื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืื•ืžืจื• ื›ืจืื•ื™ ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื™ืฉืชื›ืจื• ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ื”, ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ืชืงื ื• ืœื•ืžืจ ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ื’ื ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืช ืžื ื—ื” ืฉืœืคื ื™ ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื•ื ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืžืชื•ืš ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™. ื•ื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ืฉืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ื›ื“ืขืชื• (ืฉืœ"ื”). ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ื‘ืืžื™ืจืช: "ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื˜ืื ื•, ืขื•ื•ื™ื ื•, ืคืฉืขื ื•". ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื™ื•ืฆืื™ ืืฉื›ื ื– ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืคื ื™ ื›ื ื™ืกืช ื”ื™ื•ื 'ืชืคื™ืœื” ื–ื›ื”' ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ื™ื ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื™ื, ื•ื™ื•ืฆืื™ ืกืคืจื“ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืคื™ื•ื˜ 'ืœืš ื-ืœื™ ืชืฉื•ืงืชื™', ืฉื›ืœื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื• ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ื™ื (ืž"ื‘ ืชืจื–, ื). ื•ื™ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืื•ืžืจื ื‘ืขืžื™ื“ื”, ื›ื™ ื›ืš ื”ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ (ืคืจ"ื—). ืื•ืœื ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ืœืื•ืžืจื ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”, ืฉื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ื’ื ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ื™ื“ื™ ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™.
ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื‘ืื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช, ืื™ื ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืขืฉืจื” ื•ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ื™ื. ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืชืคื™ืœืช ืขืžื™ื“ื” ืฉื”ื ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ื™ืืžืจื• ืืช ื ื•ืกื— ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ืฉื‘ืชืคื™ืœื”. ื•ืื ืื™ื ื ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื, ื™ืืžืจื• ืœื›ืœ ื”ืคื—ื•ืช ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ืื—ื“, ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื™ื•ื. ื•ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืืžืจื• ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ืื—ื“ ื‘ื›ื ื™ืกืช ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื, ื•ืขื•ื“ ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื ืขื™ืœื” (ืขื™' ืœืขื™ืœ ื•, 1).
ื• - ืคื™ืจื•ื˜ ื”ื—ื˜ืื™ื ื‘ื•ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™
ืžืขืœื” ื™ืฉื ื” ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ืžืชื•ื•ื“ื” ื™ืคืจื˜ ืืช ื—ื˜ืื•, ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืžืชื—ืจื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืžืชื—ื–ืง ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื•. ื•ื›ืš ื”ื™ื ื“ืขืชื• ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื, ื•ืžืงื•ืจื• ื‘ื•ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ืฉืืžืจ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ืื—ืจ ื—ื˜ื ื”ืขื’ืœ, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืฉืžื•ืช ืœื‘, ืœื): "ื•ึทื™ึผึธืฉืึธื‘ ืžึนืฉืึถื” ืึถืœ ื”' ื•ึทื™ึผึนืืžึทืจ: ืึธื ึผึธื ื—ึธื˜ึธื ื”ึธืขึธื ื”ึทื–ึผึถื” ื—ึฒื˜ึธืึธื” ื’ึฐื“ึนืœึธื” ื•ึทื™ึผึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึผ ืœึธื”ึถื ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ ื–ึธื”ึธื‘". ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™, ื™ืฉ ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ื˜ ื”ื—ื˜ื ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืžื™ื™ื, ื›ื™ ืžื’ืžืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœืžืขื˜ ื‘ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื˜ื, ื•ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื• ืžืขื ื™ืง ืœื• ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš, ื”ื‘ื•ืฉื” ื‘ื—ื˜ื ื”ื™ื ืžืขืงืจื™ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื™ื‘, ื‘): "ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ื•ืžืชื‘ื™ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• - ืžื•ื—ืœื™ื ืœื• ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืขื•ื ื•ืชื™ื•", ื•ื”ืžืคืจื˜ ืืช ื—ื˜ืื• ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ืจืื•ืช ื›ืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืชื‘ื™ื™ืฉ ื‘ื•. ื•ื›ืš ื”ื™ื ื“ืขืชื• ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื™ ืขืงื™ื‘ื, ืฉื”ืžืชื•ื•ื“ื” ืื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืคืจื˜ ืืช ื”ื—ื˜ื, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืœื‘, ื): "ืึทืฉืึฐืจึตื™ ื ึฐืฉื‚ื•ึผื™ ืคึผึถืฉืึทืข ื›ึผึฐืกื•ึผื™ ื—ึฒื˜ึธืึธื”".
ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืื“ื ืœืฆืืช ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ื‘ืืžื™ืจืช "ื—ื˜ืืชื™, ืขื•ื•ื™ืชื™, ืคืฉืขืชื™", ื‘ืœื ืฉื™ืคืจื˜ ืืช ื—ื˜ืื™ื•. ื•ืงืœ ื—ื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื—ื•ื‘ืชื• ื‘ื ื•ืกื— ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ืฉืื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” (ืืฉืžื ื• ื‘ื’ื“ื ื• ื•ื›ื•'). ื•ืžื™ ืฉื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉืคื™ืจื•ื˜ ื”ื—ื˜ื ื™ืขืžื™ืง ืืช ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื•, ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉื™ืคืจื˜ ืืช ื—ื˜ืื• ื‘ืœื—ืฉ, ืฉืื ืœืžืฉืœ ื—ื˜ื ื‘ืื›ื™ืœืช ื˜ืจืฃ, ื™ืืžืจ: ืื›ืœืชื™ ื˜ืจืฃ (ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจื–, ื‘; ื’ืจ"ื ืฉื; ืฉืขื”"ืฆ ื’). 4
ื›ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ื–ื” ื ื—ืœืงื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื (ื™ื•ืžื ืคื•, ื‘): ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ืœืื“ื ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœื”ืชื•ื•ื“ื•ืช ืขืœ ืขื•ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืชื•ื•ื“ื” ืขืœื™ื”ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืงื•ื“ื, ื•ืื ื—ื–ืจ ื•ื”ืชื•ื•ื“ื”, "ืขืœื™ื• ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืื•ืžืจ: ื›ึผึฐื›ึถืœึถื‘ ืฉืึธื‘ ืขึทืœ ืงึตืื•ึน ื›ึผึฐืกึดื™ืœ ืฉืื•ึนื ึถื” ื‘ึฐืึดื•ึผึทืœึฐืชึผื•ึน" (ืžืฉืœื™ ื›ื•, ื™ื). ื•ืœื“ืขืช ืจื‘ื™ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื‘ืŸ ื™ืขืงื‘: "ื›ืœ ืฉื›ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฉื•ื‘ื—, ืฉื ืืžืจ: ื›ึผึดื™ ืคึฐืฉืึธืขึทื™ ืึฒื ึดื™ ืึตื“ึธืข ื•ึฐื—ึทื˜ึผึธืืชึดื™ ื ึถื’ึฐื“ึผึดื™ ืชึธืžึดื™ื“" (ืชื”ืœื™ื ื ื, ื”). ื•ื›ืŸ ื ืคืกืง ืœื”ืœื›ื”, ืฉืžื•ืชืจ ืœืื“ื ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœื”ืชื•ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”' ืขืœ ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืชื•ื•ื“ื” ืขืœื™ื”ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืงื•ื“ื (ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจื–, ื“).
ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ, ืฉื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืื“ื ื—ืฉ ืฉืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื• ืื™ื ื” ืฉืœื™ืžื” ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœืžื—ื•ืช ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืืช ื”ื—ื˜ื ืžืœื‘ื‘ื•, ืžื•ื˜ื‘ ืฉื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ื™ืชื•ื•ื“ื” ืขืœื™ื•. ืื‘ืœ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ื—ืฉ ืฉืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื• ืฉืœื™ืžื” ื•ื”ื—ื˜ื ื ืžื—ื” ืžืœื‘ื‘ื•, ืื™ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ื™ืชื•ื•ื“ื” ืขืœื™ื•, ื›ื™ ื‘ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืžืจืื” ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”. ื•ืคืขืžื™ื ืฉืื“ื ื–ื›ื” ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœื™ืžื”, ืขื“ ืฉื—ื˜ืื• ื ืžื—ื” ืžืœื‘ื‘ื•, ื•ืœืื—ืจ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื ืคืชืื•ื ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื‘ ื ื–ื›ืจ ื‘ื• ื•ืžืฆื˜ืขืจ ืขืœื™ื•. ื•ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื›ืš, ืฉื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ื‘ืžื“ืจื’ืชื• ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช, ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื• ื”ืกืคื™ืงื” ืœื• ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื ื™ื›ืจ ืฉื•ื ืจื•ืฉื ืžื—ื˜ืื•, ืื‘ืœ ืขืชื” ืฉืขืœื” ืœืžื“ืจื’ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื”ืื•ืจ ื‘ื” ื—ื–ืง ื•ืžืจื•ื‘ื”, ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื• ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช ื›ื‘ืจ ืื™ื ื” ืžืกืคื™ืงื” ืœื ืงื•ืชื• ืžื›ืœ ืจื•ืฉื ื—ื˜ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ืœืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืœื”ืชื•ื•ื“ื•ืช, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื—ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืจื•ืฉื ื”ืงืœื•ืฉ ืฉืขื•ื“ ื ื•ืชืจ ืžื—ื˜ืื• (ืฆื“ืงืช ื”ืฆื“ื™ืง ืงืœื“, ืกื–).
ื– - ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ื‘ืจื‘ื™ื
ืขื•ื“ ืฉืืœื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื™ืฉื ื” ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™, ื”ืื ืจืื•ื™ ืœื—ื•ื˜ื ืฉื™ืชื•ื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ื—ื˜ืื• ื‘ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ (ื™ื•ืžื ืคื•, ื‘). ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ืœืžื“ื ื• ืฉืขื“ื™ืฃ ืฉื”ื—ื•ื˜ื ื™ืชื‘ื™ื™ืฉ ื‘ื—ื˜ืื™ื• ื•ืœื ื™ืชื•ื•ื“ื” ืขืœื™ื”ื ื‘ืคื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืœื‘, ื): "ืึทืฉืึฐืจึตื™ ื ึฐืฉื‚ื•ึผื™ ืคึผึถืฉืึทืข ื›ึผึฐืกื•ึผื™ ื—ึฒื˜ึธืึธื”". ืžื ื’ื“ ืœืžื“ื ื•, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื—ื•ื˜ื ืœื”ืขืœื™ื ืืช ืคืฉืขื™ื•, ืืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืชื•ื•ื“ื” ืขืœื™ื”ื ื‘ืคื•ืžื‘ื™, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืžืฉืœื™ ื›ื—, ื™ื’): "ืžึฐื›ึทืกึผึถื” ืคึฐืฉืึธืขึธื™ื• ืœึนื ื™ึทืฆึฐืœึดื™ื—ึท, ื•ึผืžื•ึนื“ึถื” ื•ึฐืขึนื–ึตื‘ ื™ึฐืจึปื—ึธื".
ืคื™ืจืฉ ืจื‘, ืฉืื ื”ื—ื˜ื ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืฆื ืขื”, ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืฉื™ืชื•ื•ื“ื” ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืฆื ืขื”, ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ื”ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ ืคื•ื’ืข ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืžื™ื™ื, ื•ืžืคืจืกื ื‘ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืขื™ื–ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ื—ื˜ื ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืคื•ืžื‘ื™, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื—ื™ืœืœ ืืช ื”ืฉื ื‘ืจื‘ื™ื, ืขืœื™ื• ืœืชืงืŸ ื–ืืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืชื•ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืคื•ืžื‘ื™, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืจื‘ื™ื ื™ื“ืขื• ืฉื—ื–ืจ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ื•ื™ืชืงื“ืฉ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื ืฉืžื™ื™ื (ืฉืขืจื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื, ื™ื—).
ื•ืจื‘ ื ื—ืžืŸ ืคื™ืจืฉ, ืฉื‘ื—ื˜ืื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื•, ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืฉื”ื—ื•ื˜ื ื™ืชื•ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืคื ื™ ืจื‘ื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืจืื• ื›ื•ืœื ืฉื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื• ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•, ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ื”ื—ื‘ืจ ื™ืชืคื™ื™ืก ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžืชื’ืื” ื•ืคื•ื’ืข ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื• ื‘ืคื•ืžื‘ื™, ื•ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืกืœื™ื—ื” ื‘ืกืชืจ, ืื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื• ืจืื•ื™ื”. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ื‘ื—ื˜ืื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœืžืงื•ื, ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืฉื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ื™ืืžืจ ื‘ืฆื ืขื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ืœื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ื”ืฉื.
ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ื: ื) ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืžื™ื™ื.
ื‘) ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื—ื‘ืจ ื•ืคื™ื•ืกื•. ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ, ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœืžืงื•ื ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืฉื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืกืชืจ, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื—ื˜ื ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ื• ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ื”ืฉื - ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื”ืชื•ื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืคื•ืžื‘ื™, ื›ื™ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืžืจื‘ื” ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืžื™ื™ื. ื•ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื• ืขื“ื™ืฃ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืฉื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ื™ืขืฉื” ื‘ืจื‘ื™ื, ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืžืคื™ื™ืก ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจ. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ื‘ืจื‘ื™ื ื™ืคื’ืข ื‘ื—ื‘ืจ, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืขืœื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืื™ืฉื™ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื, ืื• ื›ืืฉืจ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื—ื˜ื ื™ื‘ื™ื™ืฉ ืืช ื—ื‘ืจื• - ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœื—ื•ื˜ื ืœื”ืชื•ื•ื“ื•ืช ืขืœ ื—ื˜ืื• ื‘ืจื‘ื™ื. 5
ื— - ื–ืžื ื™ ื”ื™ื•ื
ื‘ื›ืœ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืœื™ืœื” ืงื•ื“ื ืœื™ื•ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืœื™ืœื” ื•ืžืกืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื™ื•ื. ืืœื ืฉื”ืชืขื•ืจืจ ืกืคืง, ืžืชื™ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžืกืชื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื ื•ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื”ืœื™ืœื”? ื”ืื ื‘ืขืช ืฉื”ื—ืžื” ืฉื•ืงืขืช ื•ื ืขืœืžืช ืžืขื™ื ื™ื ื• ืื• ืžืขืช ืฉื ืขืฉื” ื—ื•ืฉืš ื•ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ ื ืจืื™ื ื‘ืจืงื™ืข. ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ืฉ ื”ืคืจืฉ ืฉืœ ื›ืขืฉืจื™ื ื“ืงื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืงื™ืขืช ื”ื—ืžื” ืœืฆืืช ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืชืงืฆืจ ืžืขื˜ ืื• ืžืชืืจืš ืœืคื™ ืขื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื” ื•ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืžืงื•ื ืžืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ื™ื. ื–ืžืŸ ื–ื” ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืงื™ืขืช ื”ื—ืžื” ืœืฆืืช ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื ืงืจื 'ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืžืฉื•ืช', ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื•ื”ื—ื’ื™ื ืžื”ืชื•ืจื” ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ื‘ื•, ื›ืคื™ ื”ื›ืœืœ ื”ื™ื“ื•ืข: "ืกืคื™ืงื ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ืœื—ื•ืžืจื". ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื‘ืชื•ืช ื•ื”ื—ื’ื™ื, ื–ืžืŸ ื›ื ื™ืกืช ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ืขืช ืฉืงื™ืขืช ื”ื—ืžื”, ื•ื–ืžืŸ ืฆืืช ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ืฆืืช ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื.
ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš, ื™ืฉื ื” ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืžื—ื•ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื™ื•ื ืžืขื˜ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื•ื ื ื›ื ืก ืžืืœื™ื•, ื•ืœื”ื™ืคืจื“ ืžืžื ื• ืžืขื˜ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืฆื ืžืืœื™ื•. ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืฆื“ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื•ื ื ื›ื ืก ื‘ืฉืงื™ืขืช ื”ื—ืžื”, ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื™ื•ื ื›ืžื” ื“ืงื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืงื™ืขืช ื”ื—ืžื”. ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืฆื“ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ืฆืืช ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื, ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื”ื™ื ืœื”ื™ืคืจื“ ืžืžื ื• ื›ืžื” ื“ืงื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ ืฆืืช ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื, ื•ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ืœื”ืžืชื™ืŸ ื›ืขืฉืจ ื“ืงื•ืช ืœืื—ืจ ืฆืืช ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื (ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจื—, ื; ืคื ื”"ืœ ืฉื‘ืช ื’, ื-ื‘). ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืชื•ืกืคืช ื”ื™ื•ื ืื ื• ืžืจืื™ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื ื• ืฉื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ ื•ื™ืงืจ ืœื ื• ืžืื•ื“, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืื ื• ืžืฉืชื“ืœื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœื• ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื•ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืืช ืงื“ื•ืฉืชื• ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื–ืžืŸ. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš, ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื•ืกืคื” ืžื—ื•ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืื ื• ืžืจืื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืœ ืœืงื•ื“ืฉ, ืฉื”ื ื” ื“ืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืœ ื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืœืงื•ื“ืฉ, ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืชื™ืžืฉืš ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื™ื•ื ืœื›ืœ ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœ ื•ืชืจื•ืžื ืื•ืชื. 6
ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ. ื ืฉื™ื ื ื•ื”ื’ื•ืช ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืขืช ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื”ื ืจื•ืช ื•ืืžื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื”, ืฉื‘ื” ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ื•ื (ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื”ืœื›ื” ื”ื‘ืื”), ื•ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช 'ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•' ืื• ื‘ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžืคื•ืจืฉ (ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื”ืœื›ื” ื™).
ืžื™ ืฉื”ืคืกื™ืง ืืช ืกืขื•ื“ืชื• ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ืจืฉืื™ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื•ืœืฉืชื•ืช ืขื“ ืฉื™ืงื‘ืœ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืืช ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื™ื•ื. ื•ืื ื”ืชืจืฉืœ ื•ืœื ืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืžื—ื•ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ, ืžืขืช ืฉืชืฉืงืข ื”ื—ืžื”, ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ื™ื–ื”ืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื (ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจื—, ื-ื’). ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžื•ืงื“ื ืฉื‘ื• ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ื 'ืคืœื’ ื”ืžื ื—ื”', ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื›ืฉืขื” ื•ืจื‘ืข ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืงื™ืขืช ื”ื—ืžื” (ืž"ื‘ ืชืจื—, ื™ื“; ืคื ื”"ืœ ืฉื‘ืช ื’, ื‘, 2).
ื˜ - ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื ืจื•ืช
ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื ืจื•ืช ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื›ื“ืจืš ืฉืžื“ืœื™ืงื™ื ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉื‘ืช. ื•ืืฃ ืฉืขื™ืงืจ ื˜ืขื ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ืช ื”ื•ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืกืขื•ื“ืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช, ืฉื”ื ืจื•ืช ืžื›ื‘ื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื•ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืขื•ื ื’ ืœืกื•ืขื“ื™ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžืงื•ื ื”ื ืจื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื”. ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื’ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœืื›ื•ืœ, ื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื”ื ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื•ื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื™ื•ื, ื•ื’ื ื ืขืฉื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื•ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช, ืฉื‘ื ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ืจื”ื™ื˜ื™ื ื•ื”ื—ืคืฆื™ื ื•ืื™ื ื ื ื›ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ื”ื.
ืืžื ื ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื• ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื ื”ื’ื• ืฉืœื ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื, ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉืžื ื™ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืื™ืกื•ืจ ืชืฉืžื™ืฉ ื”ืžื™ื˜ื”, ืฉื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ืœื‘ื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ื ืื™ื ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื™ื•ื, ืื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฉื ื ืจ ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ืฉื‘ืช, ื™ื‘ื•ืื• ืœื”ืชืื•ื•ืช ืœื›ืš. ื•ื”ื™ื• ืฉืืžืจื• ืฉืื“ืจื‘ื”, ืžื•ื˜ื‘ ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื ืจื•ืช, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ืœื›ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ืชืฉืžื™ืฉ ืืกื•ืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื ืจ, ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ื™ืžื ืขื• ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื”. ื•ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉืžื ื”ื’ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘, ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื ื”ื’ื• ืฉืœื ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง - ืœื ื™ื“ืœื™ืงื•, ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื ื”ื’ื• ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง - ื™ื“ืœื™ืงื• (ืคืกื—ื™ื ื ื’, ื‘; ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจื™, ื). ื•ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืคืกื—ื™ื ืค"ื“ ื”"ื“), ืฉื”ืžื ื”ื’ ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ืžืฉื•ื‘ื— ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืžื•ื˜ื‘ ืฉื™ื ื”ื’ื• ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง. ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ืžื ื”ื’ ื”ืจื•ื•ื— ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื ืจื•ืช, ื•ื›ืœ ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ืช ื—ืœื™ื ื’ื ืขืœ ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื. ื•ื‘ืจื›ืชื: "ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื”' ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื• ืžืœืš ื”ืขื•ืœื ืืฉืจ ืงื“ืฉื ื• ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืฆื•ื•ื ื• ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื ืจ ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื". ื•ืื ื—ืœ ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ืช, ื‘ืจื›ืชื: "ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื ืจ ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื". 7
ื ืฉื™ื ื ื•ื”ื’ื•ืช ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื”ื ืจื•ืช. ืœื›ืŸ, ื”ื ื•ื”ื’ื•ืช ืœื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ื”ื ืจื•ืช ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื“ืœืงืชื, ืžื™ื“ ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืชื‘ืจื›ื ื” 'ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•'. ื•ื”ื ื•ื”ื’ื•ืช ืœื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ื”ื ืจื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื“ืœืงืชื, ืชื‘ืจื›ื ื” 'ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•' ืœืื—ืจ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื”ื ืจื•ืช, ื›ื™ ืžืขืช ืฉื™ื‘ืจื›ื• 'ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•', ืืกื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื”ื ืจ ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืืจ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื.
ืืฉื” ืฉืจื•ืฆื” ืœื ืกื•ืข ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืื—ืจ ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื”ื ืจื•ืช, ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ืขืชื” ืฉืœื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื”ื ืจื•ืช, ื•ืชืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื™ื•ื ื•ืชื‘ืจืš 'ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•' ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช (ืคื ื”"ืœ ืฉื‘ืช ื’, ื’; ืฉืฉ"ื› ืžื“, ื™ื“). 8
ื™ - ื–ืžืŸ ื›ืœ ื ื“ืจื™ ื•ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื™ื•ื ืœื’ื‘ืจื™ื
ื›ืคื™ ืฉืœืžื“ื ื• (ื‘ื”ืœื›ื” ื—), ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืžื—ื•ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื™ื•ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื”, ื•ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื™ื•ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ. ืฉื ื™ ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื ื™ืฉื ื ื‘ื–ื”, ื•ื”ื ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœื–ืžืŸ ืืžื™ืจืช 'ื›ืœ ื ื“ืจื™'.
ื™ืฉ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื”ืงื“ื™ื ืœืกื™ื™ื ืืžื™ืจืช 'ื›ืœ ื ื“ืจื™' ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืงื™ืขืช ื”ื—ืžื” ื•ืงื‘ืœืช ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื™ื•ื, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ืœื›ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžืชื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื ื“ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืฉื‘ืช (ืฉื‘ืช ืงื ื–, ื). ื•ืืฃ ืœืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉ'ื›ืœ ื ื“ืจื™' ื ื•ืขื“ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืžืกื™ืจืช ืžื•ื“ืขื” ืœื”ื‘ื, ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืงื‘ืœื•ืช ืฉื ืงื‘ืœ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื ื• ื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืœื™ ื ื“ืจ (ืœืขื™ืœ ื”, ื™ื‘), ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืชืจืช ื ื“ืจื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ 'ื›ืœ ื ื“ืจื™' ืœืื—ืจ ื›ื ื™ืกืช ื”ื™ื•ื (ืจืž"ื ืชืจื™ื˜, ื; ืž"ื‘ ื”).
ื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœืกื™ื™ื ืืžื™ืจืช 'ื›ืœ ื ื“ืจื™' ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืงื™ืขืช ื”ื—ืžื”, ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉืืฃ ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ 'ื›ืœ ื ื“ืจื™' ืื—ืจ ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื”. ื•ืืฃ ืฉื”ืœื›ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžืชื™ืจื™ื ื ื“ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ืช, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื”ืชืจื” ื”ื™ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ื ื“ืจื™ื. ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืืžื™ืจืช 'ื›ืœ ื ื“ืจื™' ื”ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชื ืงื•ืช ืžืขื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื“ืจื™ื, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื (ืขื™' ืฉื‘ืช ืงื ื–, ื; ืฉื•"ืข ืฉืžื, ื).
ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœืกื™ื™ื ืืช ืืžื™ืจืช 'ื›ืœ ื ื“ืจื™' ื›ืžื” ื“ืงื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื”, ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉื™ืงื‘ืœื• ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื ืืช ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช 'ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•', ืฉื›ืŸ ื‘ืจื›ื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ื“ืื” ืขืœ ื”ื™ื•ื, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื” ืืช ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื™ื•ื. ื•ืืžื ื ื‘ืฉืืจ ื”ื—ื’ื™ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื 'ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•' ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืขืœ ื›ื•ืก ื”ื™ื™ืŸ, ืืœื ืฉื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžืงื“ืฉื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื™ื™ืŸ, ืื•ืžืจื™ื 'ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•' ื‘ื›ื ื™ืกืช ื”ื™ื•ื (ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืž, ื‘; ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจื™ื˜, ื).
ืื•ืœื ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืžืกื™ื™ืžื™ื 'ื›ืœ ื ื“ืจื™' ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื”, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื™ื•ื ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ. ืฉื›ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืžื—ื•ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืžื”ื”ื™ื“ื•ืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ืืช 'ื›ืœ ื ื“ืจื™' ืœืคื ื™ ื›ื ื™ืกืช ื”ื™ื•ื, ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื•ืžืจ 'ื›ืœ ื ื“ืจื™' ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื”. ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ืงื”ืœ ืœื ื™ืฉื›ื— ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื”, ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื’ื‘ืื™ ื™ื›ืจื™ื– ื‘ืงื•ืœ: "ื”ื ื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื ื• ืืช ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื". ื•ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื”ื—ื–ืŸ ืกื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื™ืกืคื™ืง ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื‘ืจื›ืช 'ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•' ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื”, ื•ื‘ืชื•ืš ืืžื™ืจืช 'ื›ืœ ื ื“ืจื™' ืžืชื‘ืจืจ ืœื• ืฉืœื ื™ืกืคื™ืง, ื•ืื–ื™ ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื›ืจื™ื– ืขืœ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื™ื•ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื”, ื•ืื—"ื› ื™ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ืืžื™ืจืช 'ื›ืœ ื ื“ืจื™'. 9
ื™ื - ืชืคื™ืœืช ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ื•ืœื™ืœ ื™ื•ื”"ื›
ื‘ืคืชื™ื—ืช ืกื“ืจ ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื, ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื ืฉื ื™ ืกืคืจื™ ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืžื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื”ืงื”ืœ ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืื•ืชื ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื”ื ื•ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืžื”, ื•ืฉืœื™ื— ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื•ืื•ืžืจ: "ืขืœ ื“ืขืช ื”ืžืงื•ื ื•ืขืœ ื“ืขืช ื”ืงื”ืœ, ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืžืขืœื” ื•ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืžื˜ื”, ืื ื• ืžืชื™ืจื™ื ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืขื ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื ื™ื". ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืกืคืจ ืื—ื“ ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื ื™ ืกืคืจื™ ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื ื ื•ืกื— ืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืžืงืฆืช, ื•ื›ืœ ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืชืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ืžื ื”ื’ื” (ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจื™ื˜, ื, ื•ืžืคืจืฉื™ื).
ืคืชื™ื—ื” ื–ื• ืžื‘ื˜ืืช ืืช ืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื, ืฉื‘ื• ืžืชื’ืœื” ื”ื ืฉืžื” ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื’ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ืฉื ื” ืžืชื ื”ื’ื™ื ื›ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื ื™ื, ื•ื”ืจื™ ื”ื ื ื–ื•ืคื™ื ื•ืžื ื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืฉืžื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ืืจืฅ, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืขืžื”ื, ืžื•ื–ืžื ื™ื ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ืงื”ืœ. ื•ื›ืฉื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื“ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœื›ืฃ ื–ื›ื•ืช ื•ืžื‘ื™ื˜ื™ื ืืœื™ื”ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื‘ืื”ื‘ื”, ื›ืš ื ื–ื›ื” ืฉื™ื’ืœื” ื”' ืืœื™ื ื• ืืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื• ื•ืื”ื‘ืชื•.
ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื (ื›ืจื™ืชื•ืช ื•, ื‘): "ื›ืœ ืชืขื ื™ืช ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื” ืžืคื•ืฉืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ - ืื™ื ื” ืชืขื ื™ืช, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื—ืœื‘ื ื” ืจื™ื—ื” ืจืข, ื•ืžื ืื” ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืขื ืกืžืžื ื™ ืงื˜ื•ืจืช". ื•ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื, ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืจื’ื™ืœ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืžืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœืชืคื™ืœืช ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื, ื™ืฉ ื‘ื›ืš ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”ืฉื ื’ื“ื•ืœ. ืœื ื–ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืืœื ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื™ืฉ ื ื™ืฆื•ืฅ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืžืฉืœื•, ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ื—ืกืจ, ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื—ืกืจื™ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื ื™ื ืžืฆื˜ืจืคื™ื ืœืชืคื™ืœื”, ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืชืื—ื“ื™ื ื•ื ืขืฉื™ื ืžื™ื•ืกื“ื™ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืืจืฅ, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืขืžื•ืก ื˜, ื•): "ื•ึทืึฒื’ึปื“ึผึธืชื•ึน ืขึทืœ ืึถืจึถืฅ ื™ึฐืกึธื“ึธื”ึผ".
ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื™ื 'ื›ืœ ื ื“ืจื™', ื•ืžืชื ืงื™ื ื•ืžื™ื˜ื”ืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืš ืžื›ืœ ื›ื‘ืœื™ ื”ื ื“ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื”ืกืคื™ืงื• ืœืงื™ื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ืขื›ื‘ื• ืืช ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื. 10
ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืคืกื•ืงื™ ืกืœื™ื—ื”, ืœื‘ื˜ื ืืช ืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื, ื•ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื 'ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•', ื•ืžื—ื–ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ืกืคืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœืืจื•ืŸ.
ื›ืฉืžื•ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืืช ืกืคืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืžื” ื•ื‘ื—ื–ืจื”, ืจื‘ื™ื ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื ืฉืง ืืช ืกืคืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื—ื™ื‘ื”, ื•ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืกืœื™ื—ื” ื•ืžื—ื™ืœื” ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืคื’ืžื• ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉืชื” ื•ื‘ืงื™ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื”.
ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืฉื”ืจื‘ ืื•ืžืจ ืœืคื ื™ ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืžื•ืกืจ ื•ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ื™ื•ื ื•ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” (ืžื˜ื” ืืคืจื™ื ืชืจื™ื˜, ื˜).
ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืฉื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืจื’ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชืขื˜ืฃ ื‘ื˜ืœื™ืช ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืช ืฉื—ืจื™ืช, ืžืชืขื˜ืฃ ื’ื ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืช ืœื™ืœ ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื, ื•ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฆื™ืฆื™ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืชื™ื ืฆืœ ื ืคืฉื ื•, ืจื•ื—ื ื• ื•ื ืฉืžืชื ื• ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื, ื•ื™ืคืจื•ืฉึน ื”' ืขืœื™ื ื• ืืช ืกื•ื›ืช ืฉืœื•ืžื•. ืžืชืขื˜ืคื™ื ื‘ื˜ืœื™ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื‘ืจืš ืขืœื™ื”. ื•ื”ืžืชืขื˜ืคื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื”, ื™ืชืขื˜ืคื• ื‘ืœื ื‘ืจื›ื” (ืฉื•"ืข ื•ืจืž"ื ื™ื—, ื; ืž"ื‘ ื–).
ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืื—ืจ ืชืคื™ืœืช ืขืจื‘ื™ืช, ืฉืื ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื™ืฉื ื” ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื”, ืขืœ ืื—ืช ื›ืžื” ื•ื›ืžื” ืฉื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืฉืชื“ืœ ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื–ืžืŸ ืœืชื•ืจื”. ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืœืชืคื™ืœื”, ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžืชืื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื ืœืื—ืจ ืชืคื™ืœืช ืขืจื‘ื™ืช (ืคื ื”"ืœ ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื ื, ื”-ื•; ืž"ื‘ ืชืจื™ื˜, ื˜ื–).
ื ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื ืฉืžื‘ื˜ืื™ื ืืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื, ื‘ืœื ืœืคืจื˜ ืืช ื“ื™ื ื™ ื•ื ื•ืกื—ื™ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืฉืžื‘ื•ืืจื™ื ื‘ืžื—ื–ื•ืจื™ื, ื›ืœ ืขื“ื” ืœืคื™ ืžื ื”ื’ื”.
ื™ื‘ - ื‘ืจื•ืš ืฉื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืžืœื›ื•ืชื•
ืขื™ืงืจ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืงื‘ืœืช ืขื•ืœ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ื™ื ื‘ืคืกื•ืง (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื•, ื“): "ืฉืึฐืžึทืข ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื”' ืึฑืœื•ึนื”ึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื”' ืึถื—ึธื“", ื•ืžื™ื“ ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ืœื—ืฉ: "ื‘ืจื•ืš ืฉื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืžืœื›ื•ืชื• ืœืขื•ืœื ื•ืขื“". ื•ืืฃ ืฉืžืฉืคื˜ ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืคืจืฉืช 'ืฉืžืข', ืชืงื ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืœืื•ืžืจื• ื‘ืœื—ืฉ (ืคื ื”"ืœ ืชืคื™ืœื” ื˜ื•, ื–, 1). ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ืœื›ืš ื‘ืžื” ืฉืžืกื•ืคืจ ื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“ (ืคืกื—ื™ื ื ื•, ื): ืœืคื ื™ ืคื˜ื™ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื‘ื™ื ื•, ื ืืกืคื• ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ื• ืืœื™ื•, ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื ืืช ืงืฅ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื•ื ืกืชืœืงื” ืžืžื ื• ืฉื›ื™ื ื”. ืืžืจ ืœื‘ื ื™ื•: ืฉืžื ื™ืฉ ื‘ื›ื ืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื”ื’ื•ืŸ, ื›ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉื™ืฆื ืžืžื ื• ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ, ื•ื›ืื‘ื™ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืฉื™ืฆื ืžืžื ื• ืขืฉื•, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ืงืฅ? ืคืชื—ื• ื›ื•ืœื ื•ืืžืจื•: "ืฉืึฐืžึทืข ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื”' ืึฑืœื•ึนื”ึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื”' ืึถื—ึธื“", ื›ืฉื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื‘ืš ืืœื ืื—ื“ ื›ืš ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื‘ื‘ื ื• ืืœื ืื—ื“. ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฉืขื” ืคืชื— ื™ืขืงื‘ ื•ืืžืจ: "ื‘ืจื•ืš ืฉื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืžืœื›ื•ืชื• ืœืขื•ืœื ื•ืขื“". ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื: ื•ืžื” ื ืขืฉื” ืื ื—ื ื•? ื ืืžืจ ืžืฉืคื˜ ื–ื”, ื•ื”ืจื™ ืœื ื ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืคืจืฉื”. ืœื ื ืืžืจ ืื•ืชื•, ื•ื”ืจื™ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืข"ื” ืืžืจื•. ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืชืงื ื• ืœืื•ืžืจื• ื‘ืœื—ืฉ. "ืžืฉืœ ืœื‘ืช ืžืœืš ืฉื”ืจื™ื—ื” ืฆื™ืงื™ ืงื“ื™ืจื”, ืื ืชืืžืจ (ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืชืื•ื•ื” ืœืื•ื›ืœื) - ื™ืฉ ืœื” ื’ื ืื™, ืœื ืชืืžืจ - ื™ืฉ ืœื” ืฆืขืจ. ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืขื‘ื“ื™ื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื—ืฉืื™".
ืขื•ื“ ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื (ื“ื‘"ืจ ื‘, ืœื•), ืฉืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ืฉืชืงื ื•, ืฉื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉืขืœื” ืœืžืจื•ื, ืฉืžืข ืืช ืžืœืื›ื™ ื”ืฉืจืช ืžืฉื‘ื—ื™ื: "ื‘ืจื•ืš ืฉื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืžืœื›ื•ืชื• ืœืขื•ืœื ื•ืขื“", ื•ื™ืจื“ ื•ืชื™ืงืŸ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืื•ืžืจื• ื‘ืœื—ืฉ. ื•ืฉืืœื•: ืžื“ื•ืข ืœื ืชื™ืงืŸ ืœืื•ืžืจื• ื‘ืงื•ืœ? ื•ื”ืฉื™ื‘ื•: ืžืฉืœ ืœืžื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื“ื•ืžื”, ืœืื•ื”ื‘ื• ืฉืœ ืžืœืš ืฉื’ื ื‘ ื’ืœื™ืžื” ื ืื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžืชื•ืš ืืจืžื•ืŸ ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื•ื ืชื ื” ืœืืฉืชื•, ื•ืืžืจ ืœื”: ืืœ ืชืœื‘ืฉื™ ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืคืจื”ืกื™ื ืืœื ืจืง ื‘ืชื•ืš ื‘ื™ืชืš. ื›ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ื–ื”, ืจืง ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ืงื™ื™ื ื›ืžืœืื›ื™ ื”ืฉืจืช ื”ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืคืจื”ืกื™ื.
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ืืจ ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืืช ืฉืชื™ ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืืžื•ื ื”. ื”ืคืกื•ืง ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ 'ืฉืžืข ื™ืฉืจืืœ', ืžื‘ื˜ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ืžื“ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ, ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ื•ื”ืื—ื“ื•ืชื™, ืฉื ืงืจื 'ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ'. ื‘ืžื™ืžื“ ื–ื”, ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื ื›ืœื•ืœื™ื ื•ืื—ื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™. ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืžื‘ื˜ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ืžื“ ืฉื ื•ืฆืจ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื”, ืฉื ืงืจื 'ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ', ื‘ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืขื•ืœ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ื™ื ืœืคื™ ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื”ืžืชื’ืœื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”, ืฉื‘ื• ื™ืฉ ืœื›ืœ ื”ื ื‘ืจืื™ื ื•ื”ื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืžืงื•ื ืžืžืฉื™ ืžืฉืœื”ื, ื•ื”' ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ืžื—ื™ื™ื” ืืช ื›ื•ืœื ื•ืžื•ืœืš ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœืคื™ ืžืขืฉื™ื”ื. ื•ื–ื” ื ืงืจื ืฉืฉืžื• ื•ืžืœื›ื•ืชื• ืžืชื’ืœื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืœื ืขืฆืžื•ืชื• ืžืชื’ืœื” ื‘ื• ืืœื ืฉืžื• ื•ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืžืœื›ื•ืชื•, ื›ื™ ืื ืขืฆืžื•ืชื• ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืชื’ืœื”, ื›ืœ ื”ื ื‘ืจืื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืžืชื‘ื˜ืœื™ื ื•ื ืžื•ื’ื™ื ืืœ ืžื•ืœ ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ (ืขื™' ืชื ื™ื ืฉืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื•ื”ืืžื•ื ื”).
ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ืžื“ืจื’ื” ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื•ืžืชื’ืœื” ืจืง ื‘ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ื ืฉืžื” ื•ื‘ืฉืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื ืคืฉ, ื ืฆื˜ื•ื•ื™ื ื• ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจ ืืœื™ื” ืจืง ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื, ื‘ืขืช ืืžื™ืจืช 'ืฉืžืข ื™ืฉืจืืœ'. ืืœื ืฉื™ื—ื“ ืขื 'ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ' ืชืงื ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉื ืืžืจ ื’ื ืืช 'ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ'. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืฉื ื‘ื˜ื ื’ื ืืช ืžื“ืจื’ืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ืฉืžืชื’ืœื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ืขืœ ืฉืœืœ ื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื• (ืขื™' ื ืคืฉ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืขืจ ื’). ื•ืžื“ืจื’ื” ื–ื• ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื”', ืฉื›ืŸ ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื‘ืจื™ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืฉืชืชื’ืœื” ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™, ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ืคื™ื• ื•ื”ื“ืจื•, ืฆื‘ืขื™ื• ื•ืฆืœื™ืœื™ื•, ื™ืฆืจื™ื• ื•ื ื˜ื™ื•ืชื™ื•. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžืœืื›ื™ ื”ืฉืจืช ืžืงืœืกื™ื ืืช ื”' ื‘ืฉื‘ื— ื”ื ืคืœื: "ื‘ืจื•ืš ืฉื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืžืœื›ื•ืชื• ืœืขื•ืœื ื•ืขื“". ืื•ืœื ืื™ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ืœืื•ืžืจื• ื‘ืงื•ืœ, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืžืขืœื•ืช ืฉื‘ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”, ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื’ื ื™ืฆืจื™ื ืจืขื™ื ืฉืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœืžืฉื•ืš ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืœืขื‘ื™ืจื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืื“ื ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจ ืงื•ื“ื ืœ'ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ', ื•ืื—"ื› ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ืœื—ืฉ ืฉื‘ื— ื–ื” ืฉืœ 'ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ', ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ืœื”ื™ื’ืจืจ ืžื“ื™ ืื—ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”.
ื•ืจืง ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื, ื‘ืขืช ืฉืื ื• ืžืชืขื ื™ื ื•ืฉื•ื‘ืชื™ื ืžื”ืขื™ืกื•ืง ื‘ืฆืจื›ื™ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ืขื“ ืฉืื ื• ื ื“ืžื™ื ืœืžืœืื›ื™ ื”ืฉืจืช ืฉืื™ื ื ืžื•ืฉืคืขื™ื ืžื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข, ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื‘ื— ื–ื” ื‘ืงื•ืœ ืจื, ืชื•ืš ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ืฉืื›ืŸ ื”ื ื ื• ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืœืงื“ืฉ ืืช ืฉืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”. ื•ืืฃ ืฉืื ื• ื ื•ืคืœื™ื ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื‘ื—ื˜ื, ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืžืชื’ืœื” ืฉื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื ื• ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืืช ืื•ืจื• ืœืชื•ื›ื›ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืจื›ื™ื• ื•ื ืชื™ื‘ื•ืชื™ื•, ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ื”' ื“ืŸ ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ืจื—ืžื™ื (ืขื™' ื“ืจืš ื”' ื—ืœืง ื“' ืค"ื“ ื•-ื–).
ื™ื’ - ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื ื“ื‘ื•ืช
ืœืื—ืจ ืชืคื™ืœืช ืฉื—ืจื™ืช ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื ืฉื ื™ ืกืคืจื™ ืชื•ืจื”, ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืฉืฉื” ืขื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืคืจืฉืช 'ืื—ืจื™ ืžื•ืช' ื‘ืกื“ืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื˜ื–). ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื™ื ืžื‘ื˜ื ืืช ืžืขืžื“ื• ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื. ื‘ื—ื’ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืœืื›ืช ืื•ื›ืœ ื ืคืฉ - ืžืขืœื™ื ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืขื•ืœื™ื. ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื• ื›ืœ ื”ืžืœืื›ื•ืช ืืกื•ืจื•ืช - ืžืขืœื™ื ืฉืฉื” ืขื•ืœื™ื. ื•ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืขื•ื ืฉ ืœืขื•ืฉื” ืžืœืื›ื” ื—ืžื•ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ - ืžืขืœื™ื ืฉื‘ืขื” ืขื•ืœื™ื. ื•ืื ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื—ืœ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช, ืžืขืœื™ื ืœืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขื” ืขื•ืœื™ื (ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื›ื, ื; ื›ื‘, ื‘; ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจื›ื, ื). 11
ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœืžืคื˜ื™ืจ ืžืคืจืฉืช 'ืคื™ื ื—ืก' ื‘ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืžื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื˜, ื–-ื™ื). ื•ืžืคื˜ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• - "ื›ึผึดื™ ื›ึนื” ืึธืžึทืจ ืจึธื ื•ึฐื ึดืฉึผื‚ึธื" (ื ื–, ื™ื“ - ื ื—, ื™ื“), ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืฉื ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ืžืขื•ืจืจ ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ื•ื’ื ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื”ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืชืช ืฉื‘ืช ื•ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ื–ื›ืจื™ื ืฉื.
ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืช ืžื ื—ื” ืชืงื ื• ืœืงืจื•ื ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืขื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ ืขืจื™ื•ืช (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื™ื—, ื, ืœ), ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื•ืจืจ ืืช ื”ืขื ืœืฉื•ื‘ ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื˜ืื™ื ื”ื—ืžื•ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืฉื”ื™ืฆืจ ื‘ื”ื ื—ื–ืง ืžืื•ื“ ื•ื”ื ืคื•ื’ืขื™ื ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืœื”ืคื˜ืจื” ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืืช ืกืคืจ ื™ื•ื ื”, ืฉื‘ื• ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉื’ื—ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”' ืฉืื™ืŸ ื ืกืชืจ ืžื ื’ื“ ืขื™ื ื™ื•, ื•ืขืœ ื›ื•ื—ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ืฉื’ื ื›ืฉืื™ื ื” ืฉืœื™ืžื” ื”ื™ื ืžื•ืขื™ืœื”, ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื”' ื—ืคืฅ ืœื”ืขื ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื˜ืื™ื (ืžื’ื™ืœื” ืœื, ื; ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจื›ื, ื).
ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ ืœืชืจื•ื ืฆื“ืงื” ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื•ืœื•ืžื“ื™ ืชื•ืจื” ืœืขื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืฉืžืช ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉื ืคื˜ืจื•, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื’ื ืœืžืชื™ื ื™ืฉ ื›ืคืจื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื›ืฉื ื•ื“ื‘ื™ื ืฆื“ืงื” ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจื (ืžืจื“ื›ื™, ืฉื•"ืข ืจืž"ื ืชืจื›ื‘, ื“). ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื ืงืจื ื”ื™ื•ื 'ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื' ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ื, ืฉืžื›ืคืจ ืœื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืœืžืชื™ื. ื•ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืžืชื• ื“ื™ื ื ื ื’ืžืจ, ื•ืื™ืš ื”ืฆื“ืงื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื•ืขื™ืœ ืœื”ื? ืืœื ืฉื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื™ืœื“ื™ื”ื ื•ื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื ืžืชืขื•ืจืจื™ื ืœื ื“ื•ื‘ ืฆื“ืงื” ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืขืฉื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืœืขื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืฉืžืชื, ืžืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉื”ืฉืคืขืชื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืขื•ื“ ื ืžืฉื›ืช, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ื™ืฉ ืœื“ื•ืŸ ืื•ืชื ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ื•ืกืคื• ืœื”ื. 12
ื™ื“ - ื”ื›ืจื™ืขื•ืช ืฉื‘ืชืคื™ืœืช ืžื•ืกืฃ
ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื›ืจื•ืข ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉื‘ืชืคื™ืœืช ืžื•ืกืฃ, ื›ืฉื ืฉื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืขื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืขื–ืจื” ื”ื™ื• ื›ื•ืจืขื™ื ื•ืžืฉืชื—ื•ื•ื™ื ื‘ืขืช ืฉื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื ื”ืžืคื•ืจืฉ. ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืœืžื“ ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš (ื™, ื˜ื•-ื˜ื–), ืขืฉืจ ืคืขืžื™ื ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉื ื”ืžืคื•ืจืฉ. ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ื™ื: ื) ื‘ื•ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ื•ืืฉืชื•. ื‘) ื‘ื•ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ืขืœ ืื—ื™ื• ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื. ื’) ื‘ื•ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื. ื•ืขื•ื“ ืคืขื ื‘ืขืช ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžื›ืจื™ื– ืขืœ ื”ืฉืขื™ืจ ืฉืขืœื” ืขืœื™ื• ื”ื’ื•ืจืœ ืœื”'. ื›ื™ื•ื ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชื—ื•ื•ืช ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” ืืจื‘ืข ืคืขืžื™ื. ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ื™ื, ื•ืขืœ ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื ื—ืœืงื• ื”ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื. ื™ื•ืฆืื™ ืกืคืจื“ ืžืฉืชื—ื•ื•ื™ื ื‘ืขืช ื”ื–ื›ืจืช ื”ื’ื•ืจืœ ืœื”' (ื‘"ื™), ื•ื™ื•ืฆืื™ ืืฉื›ื ื– ื‘ืขืช ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื "ื›ื•ืจืขื™ื ื•ืžืฉืชื—ื•ื•ื™ื" ืฉื‘'ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืฉื‘ื—' ืฉืœืคื ื™ ืกื“ืจ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” (ืจืื‘ื™"ื”, ืจื™ื‘"ืฉ, ืจืž"ื ืชืจื›ื‘, ื“). ื•ื™ื•ืฆืื™ ืชื™ืžืŸ ืœื ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชื—ื•ื•ืช ื‘ืžื•ืกืฃ ื›ืœืœ.
ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืชื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื™ืฉื ื: ื”ืฉืชื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื’ืžื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ื›ืฉื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉื˜ื•ื— ืขืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื‘ืคื™ืฉื•ื˜ ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื•ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื. ืงื™ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ืื“ื ื ื•ืชืจ ืขื•ืžื“ ืขืœ ืจื’ืœื™ื• ื•ื›ื•ืคืฃ ืจืืฉื• ืขื“ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืืจืฅ. ื›ืจื™ืขื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืื“ื ื™ื•ืจื“ ืขืœ ื‘ืจื›ื™ื• ื•ื›ื•ืคืฃ ืืช ื’ื•ืคื• ืขื“ ืฉืคื ื™ื• ืžื’ื™ืขื•ืช ืœืืจืฅ (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืœื“, ื‘; ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื˜ื–, ื‘). ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ื”ืจื•ื•ื— ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืœื›ืจื•ืข, ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉืžืฉืชื—ื•ื•ื™ื ื‘ืคื™ืฉื•ื˜ ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื•ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื.
ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœืคืจื•ืฉ ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืงืจืงืข, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืฆื•ืฅ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคื ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืชื—ื•ื•ื” ืœืจืฆืคื”. ื•ื–ืืช ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืจืง ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืฉืชื—ื•ื•ืช ืขืœ ืื‘ื ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืฉืืจ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืืกื•ืจ, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื›ื•, ื): "ื•ึฐืึถื‘ึถืŸ ืžึทืฉื‚ึฐื›ึผึดื™ืช ืœึนื ืชึดืชึผึฐื ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐืึทืจึฐืฆึฐื›ึถื ืœึฐื”ึดืฉืึฐืชึผึทื—ึฒื•ึนืช ืขึธืœึถื™ื”ึธ". ื‘ื˜ืขื ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ, ืฉื›ืš ื ื”ื’ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ืœืกื’ื•ื“ ืœื˜ื‘ืข ื•ืœื”ืฉืชื—ื•ื•ืช ืœืื‘ื ื™ื ื•ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื”ืชืžื–ื’ ืขืžืŸ. ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืืกืจื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชื—ื•ื•ืช ืขืœ ืื‘ืŸ, ืฉืœื ื™ื‘ื•ืื• ืœืขืจื‘ ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืชื. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื ื™ื›ืจ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืจื•ืื™ื, ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ื“ื•ืžืžื™ื, ื ื›ืกืคื™ื, ื ื›ื ืขื™ื ื•ืžืฉืชื—ื•ื•ื™ื ืืœื™ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืฉืชื—ื•ื•ืช ื’ื ืขืœ ืื‘ืŸ (ืกืคืจ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืฉืžื˜).
ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื ื›ืฉืžืชืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื ื™ ืชื ืื™ื: ื) ื”ืฉืชื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื’ืžื•ืจื” ื‘ืคื™ืฉื•ื˜ ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื•ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื, ื‘) ื”ืจืืฉ ืขืœ ืจืฆืคืช ืื‘ื ื™ื. ื•ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืขืฉื• ืกื™ื™ื’ ืœื“ื‘ืจ, ื•ืืกืจื• ื’ื ื›ืฉืžืชืงื™ื™ื ืชื ืื™ ืื—ื“. ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ืฉืชื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื’ืžื•ืจื” ืืกื•ืจื” ื’ื ืขืœ ืื“ืžื”, ื•ืขืœ ืจืฆืคืช ืื‘ื ื™ื ื’ื ื›ืจื™ืขื” ื•ืงื™ื“ื” ืืกื•ืจื•ืช. ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ืคื•ืจืฉื™ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืจืฆืคื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืฆื•ืฅ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืจืืฉื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืชืคืœืœ ืœืจืฆืคื” (ืจืž"ื ืงืœื, ื—). 13
ื˜ื• - ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื”ืฉืชื—ื•ื•ื™ื”
ืจืฆื•ื ื• ื”ืขืžื•ืง ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ืœื”ืชืงืจื‘ ืœื”' ื•ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื• ืขืœ ืจื•ื‘ ื—ืกื“ื™ื•, ืืœื ืฉื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื”ื•ื ืจื ื•ื ืฉื, ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื ื•ืจื, ื”ืœื‘ ืžืชืžืœื ื‘ื™ืจืื” ื•ื‘ื•ืฉื” ืžืคื ื™ ื”ื“ืจ ื’ืื•ืŸ ืขื•ื–ื•, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ืื“ื ื›ื•ืจืข ื•ืžืฉืชื—ื•ื•ื” ื‘ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”' ืืœื•ืงื™ื•. ื›ืคื™ ืฉืœืžื“ื ื•, ื™ืฉ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืชื—ื•ื•ื™ื”, ื•ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืžืฉืœื•.
ื‘ื”ืฉืชื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื’ืžื•ืจื” ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉื˜ื•ื— ืขืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื‘ืคื™ืฉื•ื˜ ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื•ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื, ื•ื”ื™ื ืžื‘ื˜ืืช ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ื’ืžื•ืจื” ืœื”'. ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื• ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื“ืœื•ืŸ, ืืœื ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื“ื‘ืงื•ืช, ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ื”ืื“ื ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืจื›ื” ืžืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื. ื•ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืžืœืš ื”ื™ื” ืžืจื‘ื” ืœื”ืฉืชื—ื•ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื”' ืขืœ ืขื–ืจืชื•. ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืชื”ืœื™ื ื”, ื—): "ื•ึทืึฒื ึดื™ ื‘ึผึฐืจึนื‘ ื—ึทืกึฐื“ึผึฐืšึธ ืึธื‘ื•ึนื ื‘ึตื™ืชึถืšึธ ืึถืฉืึฐืชึผึทื—ึฒื•ึถื” ืึถืœ ื”ึตื™ื›ึทืœ ืงึธื“ึฐืฉืึฐืšึธ ื‘ึผึฐื™ึดืจึฐืึธืชึถืšึธ". ื•ื ืืžืจ (ืฉื ืงืœื—, ื‘-ื—): "ืึถืฉืึฐืชึผึทื—ึฒื•ึถื” ืึถืœ ื”ึตื™ื›ึทืœ ืงึธื“ึฐืฉืึฐืšึธ ื•ึฐืื•ึนื“ึถื” ืึถืช ืฉืึฐืžึถืšึธ ืขึทืœ ื—ึทืกึฐื“ึผึฐืšึธ ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ืึฒืžึดืชึผึถืšึธ, ื›ึผึดื™ ื”ึดื’ึฐื“ึผึทืœึฐืชึผึธ ืขึทืœ ื›ึผึธืœ ืฉืึดืžึฐืšึธ ืึดืžึฐืจึธืชึถืšึธ. ื‘ึผึฐื™ื•ึนื ืงึธืจึธืืชึดื™ ื•ึทืชึผึทืขึฒื ึตื ึดื™ ืชึผึทืจึฐื”ึดื‘ึตื ึดื™ ื‘ึฐื ึทืคึฐืฉืึดื™ ืขึนื–... ื›ึผึดื™ ืจึธื ื”' ื•ึฐืฉืึธืคึธืœ ื™ึดืจึฐืึถื”...".
ื‘ืงื™ื“ื” ื”ืื“ื ื ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ืจื’ืœื™ื• ื•ืžื›ื•ืคืฃ ืืช ืจืืฉื• ืขื“ ืฉืžื’ื™ืข ืœืืจืฅ, ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืขืžื•ืง ืฉืœ ื›ื ื™ืขื”, ืฉื›ืŸ ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืื“ื ืขื•ื“ ืขื•ืžื“ ื›ืฉืจื’ืœื™ื• ื™ืฉืจื•ืช, ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื›ืคื•ืฃ ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื‘ื›ื ื™ืขื” ื’ืžื•ืจื”.
ื‘ื›ืจื™ืขื” ื”ืื“ื ื™ื•ืจื“ ืขืœ ื‘ืจื›ื™ื• ื•ื›ื•ืคืฃ ืืช ื’ื•ืคื• ืขื“ ืฉืคื ื™ื• ื˜ื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืงืจืงืข, ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืชื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื•ืงื™ื“ื”, ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื•ื›ื ื™ืขื”. ื”ื›ื•ืจืข ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืžืฉืชื—ื•ื•ื” ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืกืžื•ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืงืจืงืข, ื•ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืงื“ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื›ื•ืคืฃ ืขืฆืžื• ืœืคื ื™ ื‘ื•ืจืื•.
ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื (ื‘ืจื"ืจ ื ื•, ื•): ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉืชื—ื•ื•ื™ื”. ืื‘ืจื”ื ืœื ื—ื–ืจ ืžื”ืจ ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื” ื‘ืฉืœื•ื ืขื ื™ืฆื—ืง ืืœื ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉืชื—ื•ื•ื™ื”, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื›ื‘, ื”): "ื•ึฐื ึดืฉืึฐืชึผึทื—ึฒื•ึถื” ื•ึฐื ึธืฉืื•ึผื‘ึธื” ืึฒืœึตื™ื›ึถื". ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื ื ื’ืืœื• ืืœื ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉืชื—ื•ื•ื™ื”, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืฉืžื•ืช ื“, ืœื): "ื•ึทื™ึผึทืึฒืžึตืŸ ื”ึธืขึธื ื•ึทื™ึผึดืฉืึฐืžึฐืขื•ึผ ื›ึผึดื™ ืคึธืงึทื“ ื”' ืึถืช ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื•ึฐื›ึดื™ ืจึธืึธื” ืึถืช ืขึธื ึฐื™ึธื ื•ึทื™ึผึดืงึผึฐื“ื•ึผ ื•ึทื™ึผึดืฉืึฐืชึผึทื—ึฒื•ื•ึผ". ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœื ื ื™ืชื ื” ืืœื ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉืชื—ื•ื•ื™ื”, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืฉื ื›ื“, ื): "ื•ึฐืึถืœ ืžึนืฉืึถื” ืึธืžึทืจ ืขึฒืœึตื” ืึถืœ ื”' ืึทืชึผึธื” ื•ึฐืึทื”ึฒืจึนืŸ ื ึธื“ึธื‘ ื•ึทืึฒื‘ึดื™ื”ื•ึผื ื•ึฐืฉืึดื‘ึฐืขึดื™ื ืžึดื–ึผึดืงึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื•ึฐื”ึดืฉืึฐืชึผึทื—ึฒื•ึดื™ืชึถื ืžึตืจึธื—ึนืง". ื—ื ื” ืœื ื ืคืงื“ื” ืืœื ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉืชื—ื•ื•ื™ื”, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื' ื, ื›ื—): "ื•ึทื™ึผึดืฉืึฐืชึผึทื—ื•ื•ึผ ืฉืึธื ืœึทื”'". ื”ื’ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืื™ื ืŸ ืžืชื›ื ืกื•ืช ืืœื ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉืชื—ื•ื•ื™ื”, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ื›ื–, ื™ื’): "ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ื‘ึผึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทื”ื•ึผื ื™ึดืชึผึธืงึทืข ื‘ึผึฐืฉืื•ึนืคึธืจ ื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ ื•ึผื‘ึธืื•ึผ ื”ึธืึนื‘ึฐื“ึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐืึถืจึถืฅ ืึทืฉึผืื•ึผืจ ื•ึฐื”ึทื ึผึดื“ึผึธื—ึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐืึถืจึถืฅ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึธื™ึดื ื•ึฐื”ึดืฉืึฐืชึผึทื—ึฒื•ื•ึผ ืœึทื”' ื‘ึผึฐื”ึทืจ ื”ึทืงึผึนื“ึถืฉื ื‘ึผึดื™ืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึธื™ึดื". ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ืœื ื ื‘ื ื” ืืœื ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉืชื—ื•ื•ื™ื”, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืฆื˜, ื”): "ืจื•ึนืžึฐืžื•ึผ ื”' ืึฑืœื•ึนื”ึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื•ึฐื”ึดืฉืึฐืชึผึทื—ึฒื•ื•ึผ ืœึทื”ึฒื“ึนื ืจึทื’ึฐืœึธื™ื• ืงึธื“ื•ึนืฉื ื”ื•ึผื". ื”ืžืชื™ื ืื™ื ื ื—ื™ื™ื ืืœื ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉืชื—ื•ื•ื™ื”, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืฉื ืฆื”, ื•): "ื‘ึผึนืื•ึผ ื ึดืฉืึฐืชึผึทื—ึฒื•ึถื” ื•ึฐื ึดื›ึฐืจึธืขึธื” ื ึดื‘ึฐืจึฐื›ึธื” ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ื”' ืขึนืฉื‚ึตื ื•ึผ".
ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ื ืœื—ืฆืจ ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉืชื—ื•ื•ื” ืœื”' (ืขื™' ืžืฉื ื” ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘, ื’). ื•ื‘ืขืช ืฉื™ืจืชื ืฉืœ ื”ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืงืจื‘ืŸ ื”ืชืžื™ื“, ื”ื™ื• ื”ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืชื•ืงืขื™ื ื‘ื—ืฆื•ืฆืจื•ืช, ื•ื”ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืขื–ืจื” ื”ื™ื• ืžืฉืชื—ื•ื•ื™ื (ืžืฉื ื” ืชืžื™ื“ ื–, ื’).
ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืขืช ืฉืื“ื ืฉื‘ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ืžืชื•ื•ื“ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”', ืจืื•ื™ ืœื• ืฉื™ืฉืชื—ื•ื•ื”, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ื”ืฉืชื—ื•ื•ื” ื›ืฉื”ืชืคืœืœ ืœื”' ืฉื™ืžื—ืœ ืขืœ ื—ื˜ืื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื“, ื”; ื˜ื–, ื›ื‘; ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื˜, ื›ื”). ื•ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื”ื™ื• ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืขื–ืจื” ื”ื™ื• ืžืฉืชื—ื•ื•ื™ื ืœื”' ื‘ืขืช ืฉื”ื™ื• ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื ื”ืžื•ืคืจืฉ ื‘ื ื•ืกื— ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื (ื™ื•ืžื ืกื•, ื).
ื›ื”ืžืฉืš ืœื›ืš ืชืงื ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืœื›ืจื•ืข ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืช ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื—ืžืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื, ื•ื›ืจื™ืขื” ื–ื• ื ืขืฉื™ืช ื‘ืขืžื™ื“ื” ืขื“ ืฉื™ืชืคื•ืงืงื• ื—ื•ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืฉื“ืจื”, ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืขื™ืŸ ืงื™ื“ื” (ืคื ื”"ืœ ืชืคื™ืœื” ื™ื–, ื•). ื•ืขื•ื“ ื”ื™ื• ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชื—ื•ื•ืช ืื—ืจ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื‘ืขืช ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžืชื•ื•ื“ื™ื ื•ืžืชื—ื ื ื™ื ืœื”', ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื ืงืจืื” ืชืคื™ืœื” ื–ื• 'ื ืคื™ืœืช ืืคื™ื™ื', ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ื ืืžืจืช ื›ืฉื”ืคื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืืจืฅ (ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ืœ' ืชืคื™ืœื” ื”, ื, ื™ื’-ื™ื“; ื˜ื•ืจ ืื•"ื— ืงืœื, ืคื ื”"ืœ ืชืคื™ืœื” ื›ื, ื).
ืืžื ื ืžืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ื—ืฉืฉื•ืช, ื ืชื‘ื˜ืœ ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ืœื™ืคื•ืœ ืืคื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ืฉืชื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืื• ื›ืจื™ืขื”. ืžืงืฆืช ืžื”ื—ืฉืฉื•ืช ื”ื ื”ืœื›ืชื™ื™ื ื•ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ืฉืชื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืขืœ ืจืฆืคืช ืื‘ื ื™ื, ื•ืœื›ืš ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœืื“ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื™ืคื•ืœ ืขืœ ืคื ื™ื• ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืœื ืฉืžื•ื‘ื˜ื— ืœื• ืฉื™ื™ืขื ื” ื›ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ื ื•ืŸ. ื•ื”ืขื™ืงืจ ืฉื—ืฉืฉื• ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืงื›ื, ื) ืฉื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืžืื•ื“ ืืช ืžืขืœืช ื ืคื™ืœืช ืืคื™ื™ื, ืฉื‘ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ืžืชืคืœืœ ืœืžืกื•ืจ ืืช ื ืคืฉื• ืœื”', ื•ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื›ืื™ืœื• ื ืคื˜ืจ ืžื”ืขื•ืœื. "ื•ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืœื‘, ื•ืื– ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืžืจื—ื ืขืœื™ื• ื•ืžื›ืคืจ ืขื•ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื•. ืืฉืจื™ ื”ืื“ื ืฉื™ื•ื“ืข ืœืคืชื•ืช ื•ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืื“ื•ื ื• ื‘ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื•ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืœื‘. ืื•ื™ ืœื• ืœืžื™ ืฉื‘ื ืœืคืชื•ืช ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื• ื‘ืœื‘ ืจื—ื•ืง ื•ืœื ื‘ืจืฆื•ืŸ. ื›ืžื• ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืขื—, ืœื•-ื–): ื•ึทื™ึฐืคึทืชึผื•ึผื”ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐืคึดื™ื”ึถื ื•ึผื‘ึดืœึฐืฉืื•ึนื ึธื ื™ึฐื›ึทื–ึผึฐื‘ื•ึผ ืœื•ึน, ื•ึฐืœึดื‘ึผึธื ืœึนื ื ึธื›ื•ึนืŸ ืขึดืžึผื•ึน. ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ: ืึตืœึถื™ืšึธ ื”' ื ึทืคึฐืฉืึดื™ ืึถืฉึผื‚ึธื (ืฉื ื›ื”), ื•ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืื™ื ื ืืœื ื‘ืœื‘ ืจื—ื•ืง, ื•ื–ื” ื’ื•ืจื ืœื• ืœื”ืกืชืœืง ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœืคื ื™ ื–ืžื ื•". ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื• ื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ื ืฉืžื ืื™ืŸ ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื ื• ืฉืœื™ืžื” ื•ืื™ื ื ื• ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ืœื›ืš, ื ืžื ืขื™ื ืžืœื”ืฉืชื—ื•ื•ืช ืื• ืœืงื•ื“ ืืคื™ื™ื ืืจืฆื” (ืคื ื”"ืœ ืชืคื™ืœื” ื›ื, ื’).
ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื, ืœืจื•ื‘ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื™ื•ื ื•ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื‘ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื ืคืฉ, ืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ื ืœื›ืš, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชื—ื•ื•ืช ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืจืื•ื™ ืœืื“ื ืฉืจื•ืฆื” ืœืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”.
ื˜ื– - ื‘ืจื›ืช ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื‘ื ืขื™ืœื”
ืžืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื™ืฉืื• ืืช ื›ืคื™ื”ื ื‘ื—ื–ืจืช ื”ืฉ"ืฅ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืชืคื™ืœื”, ืืœื ืฉืชืงื ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉืœื ืœื™ืฉื ื›ืคื™ื™ื ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืช ืžื ื—ื”, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ืื—ืจ ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื”, ื•ื™ืฉ ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื™ืฉืชื• ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื•ื™ืฉืื• ืืช ื›ืคื™ื”ื ื›ืฉื”ื ืฉืชื•ื™ื™ื ื•ื™ืขื‘ืจื• ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื—ืžื•ืจ. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืชืขื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ื‘ื”ืŸ ื ืขื™ืœื”, ื›ืžื• ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ืชืขื ื™ื•ืช ื’ืฉืžื™ื, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืฉืชื•ื™ื™ื, ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื ื‘ืจื›ืช ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืช ื ืขื™ืœื” (ืฉื•"ืข ืื•"ื— ืงื›ื˜, ื; ืคื ื”"ืœ ื–ืžื ื™ื ื–, ื™ื‘, 16).
ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื’ื ื‘ืžื ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื›ืคื™ื™ื, ืฉื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ืชืขื ื™ืช, ืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉื›ืจื•ืช. ื•ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื–ืžื ื” ืกืžื•ืš ืœืขืจื‘, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื” ืžื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžื ื—ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื ื”, ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื ื” ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ืžื ื—ื” ืžื—ืฆื•ืช ื•ืขื“ ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื”, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื–ืžืŸ ืžื ื—ื” ืœืคื ื•ืช ืขืจื‘ ืกืžื•ืš ืœื ืขื™ืœื” (ื‘ื”"ื’). ืื•ืœื ื“ืขืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœืฉืืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืช ืžื ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื, ืฉื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื–ืžื ื” ืื™ื ื• ืกืžื•ืš ืžืžืฉ ืœืฉืงื™ืขื” ื›ืชืคื™ืœืช ื ืขื™ืœื”, ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื˜ืขื•ืช ื•ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืฉืžื•ืชืจ ืœืฉืืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื ื’ื ื‘ืžื ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœ (ืจื‘ ืขืžืจื). ืœืžืขืฉื” ืื™ืŸ ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื›ืคื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื ื—ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืขืœื” ืœื“ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื ื™ืจื“ ืืœื ื™ืฉื ืืช ื›ืคื™ื• (ืจืžื‘"ื, ืฉื•"ืข ืงื›ื˜, ื-ื‘; ืชืจื›ื‘, ื“; ืชืจื›ื’, ื”).
ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืืช ืชืคื™ืœืช ื ืขื™ืœื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื™ืฉืื• ืืช ื›ืคื™ื”ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื”, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืœื“ืขืช ืจื‘ื™ื ื–ืžืŸ ื ืฉื™ืืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ื•ื, ืฉื”ื•ืฉื•ื•ืชื” ื ืฉื™ืืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช, ืžื” ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ื›ืš ื–ืžืŸ ื ืฉื™ืืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื (ืž"ื‘ ืชืจื›ื’, ื—). ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืจื›ืช ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืžื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืžืงืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืืžื™ืจืช ืคื™ื•ื˜ื™ื ื•ืชื—ื™ื ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืกืคื™ืง ืœืื•ืžืจื” ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืงื™ืขืช ื”ื—ืžื”. ืืžื ื ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืžืฉื•ืช ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืฉืืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื, ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ืขื•ื“ ื™ืฉ ืกืคืง ืื ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ืœื™ืœื”. 14
ื™ื– - ื ืขื™ืœื”
ืชืงื ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืชืคื™ืœื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืœืงืจืืช ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืฆื•ื, ืœืคื™ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืžืจื‘ื” ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” ื ืขื ื”. ื•ืื ืœื ื–ื›ื™ื ื• ืœื”ื™ืขื ื•ืช ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื•ืช ืื•ืœื™ ื ื–ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ืขื ื•ืช ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” ื”ื ื•ืกืคืช. ื•ืงืจืื• ืœืชืคื™ืœื” ื–ื• 'ื ืขื™ืœื”', ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ืœืงืจืืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื™ื• ื ื•ืขืœื™ื ืืช ืฉืขืจื™ ื”ื”ื™ื›ืœ ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ืžืงื“ืฉ, ื•ื”ื™ื ื’ื ื›ื ื’ื“ ื ืขื™ืœืช ืฉืขืจื™ ืฉืžื™ื™ื, ืฉื‘ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื™ื•ื ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืžืกืชืœืงืช, ื•ืฉืขืจื™ ืฉืžื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ื“ื•ืคืงื™ื ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื ื ืขืœื™ื.
ื–ืžืŸ ื ืขื™ืœื” ื”ื•ื ื›ืฉื”ื—ืžื” ื ืจืื™ืช ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืื™ืœื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืžืขืจื‘, ื›ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื“ืงื•ืช ื‘ืขืจืš ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื”. ื•ื”ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืฉืขื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื” ืจืฉืื™ื. ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ื—ื–ืŸ ืœืชื›ื ืŸ ืืช ืชืคื™ืœืชื• ื›ืš ืฉื™ืกื™ื™ืžื• ืืช ื‘ืจื›ืช ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื” (ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื”ืœื›ื” ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช).
ืืฃ ืฉืฉืขืจื™ ื”ื”ื™ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื• ื ื ืขืœื™ื ื‘ืฉืงื™ืขืช ื”ื—ืžื”, ืฉืขืจื™ ืฉืžื™ื™ื ื ื ืขืœื™ื ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื™ื•ื, ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืงื•ื“ื ื ืืกืฃ ื•ืžืกืชืœืง, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ื•ืชื—ื ื•ื ื™ื ืขื“ ืฆืืช ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื. ื•ืžื™ ืฉืžืืจื™ืš ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืช ื ืขื™ืœื” ืขืฆืžื” ืขื“ ืื—ืจ ืฆืืช ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ื—ื™ื ื‘ื™ื“ื•. 15
ื ื•ืกื— ืชืคื™ืœืช ื ืขื™ืœื” ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืฉืืจ ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื ื•ืจืื™ื, ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ 'ื›ืชื™ื‘ื”', ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืช ื ืขื™ืœื” ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ 'ื—ืชื™ืžื”', ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžืช ืœืงืจืืช ืกื•ืฃ ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื—ื™ืชื•ื ื”ื“ื™ืŸ. ื•ืื ื˜ืขื” ื•ืืžืจ ืœืฉื•ืŸ 'ื›ืชื™ื‘ื”' - ื™ืฆื.
ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืื“ื ืœื”ืชืืžืฅ ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืช ื ืขื™ืœื”, ื›ื™ ืชื›ืœื™ืช ืขืฉืจืช ื™ืžื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื, ื•ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ื•ื ืชืคื™ืœืช ื ืขื™ืœื”, ืฉื”ื›ืœ ื”ื•ืœืš ืื—ืจ ื”ื—ื™ืชื•ื, ื•ืื ืœื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื™ืžืชื™. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื’ื ืžื™ ืฉื ื—ืœืฉ ืžื—ืžืช ื”ืชืขื ื™ืช, ื™ืื–ื•ืจ ื›ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื—ืœืฆื™ื• ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื–ื›ื” ื•ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืœืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ื•ืœื”ืชื—ื–ืง ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืงื™ื•ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช (ืž"ื‘ ืชืจื›ื’, ื’). ืœืจื•ื‘ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืชืคื™ืœืช ื ืขื™ืœื”, ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœืคืชื•ื— ืืช ืืจื•ืŸ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืžืชื—ื™ืœืช ื—ื–ืจืช ื”ืฉ"ืฅ ื•ืขื“ ืœืงื“ื™ืฉ ืฉื‘ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” (ืžื˜ื” ืืคืจื™ื ืชืจื›ื’, ื–).
ื™ื— - ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ืชืงื™ืขืช ื”ืฉื•ืคืจ
ืœืื—ืจ ืกื™ื•ื ืชืคื™ืœืช ื ืขื™ืœื”, ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืกื•ื’ืจื™ื ืืช ืืจื•ืŸ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ, ื•ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืฉืขืจื™ ืฉืžื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ื ืคืชื—ื™ื ื•ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื ื•ืจืื™ื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื ืขืœ, ื›ืฉืœื ื ื•ืชืจ ืขื•ื“ ื–ืžืŸ ืœื”ืชื•ื•ื“ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช - ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื™ื—ื“ ืขื•ืœ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ื™ื. ื›ื™ ื–ื• ื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ืฉืžืชื‘ื”ืจืช ืžืชื•ืš ืกื“ืจ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื ื•ืจืื™ื, ืฉื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ืœื›ืœ ื•ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื ื”ืืžื•ื ื”, ื•ื–ื” ืขื™ืงืจ ืจืฆื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™, ืœื”ื™ื“ื‘ืง ื‘ื”' ื•ืœืชืงืŸ ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉื“-ื™. ื•ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื ืชื—ื–ืง ื‘ืืžื•ื ื”, ื›ืš ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื ื• ืชื”ื™ื” ืฉืœื™ืžื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ื”ืฉื ื” ืฉืชื‘ื•ื ืขืœื™ื ื• ืชื”ื™ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ืžื‘ื•ืจื›ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื‘ื–ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื—ื–ืงื™ื ื‘ืจื’ืขื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ.
ืขื™ืงืจ ืงื‘ืœืช ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ื™ื ื‘ืคืกื•ืง 'ืฉืžืข ื™ืฉืจืืœ' ื•'ื‘ืจื•ืš ืฉื'. ืื—"ื› ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื‘ืข ืคืขืžื™ื: "ื”' ื”ื•ื ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ื", ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจืžื•ื– ืœืฉื›ื™ื ื” ืฉืขื•ืœื” ืืœ ืžืขืœ ืฉื‘ืขืช ื”ืจืงื™ืขื™ื, ืฉื‘ืžืฉืš ืขืฉืจืช ื™ืžื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื”ืชืงืจื‘ื” ืืœื™ื ื•, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ื•ืขืชื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื‘ื” ืœืžืงื•ืžื” (ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจื›ื’, ื•; ืž"ื‘ ืชืจื›ื’, ื™ื-ื™ื‘). 16
ืžื™ื“ ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ืขื ืฆืืช ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ืื• ืžืขื˜ ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ, ืชื•ืงืขื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ืคืจ, ื›ืกื“ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ. ื•ื”ืชืงื™ืขื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืœืกื™ื•ื ื”ื™ื•ื ื•ืœื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ืœืžืงื•ืžื”, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืžื–, ื•): "ืขึธืœึธื” ืึฑืœื•ึนื”ึดื™ื ื‘ึผึดืชึฐืจื•ึผืขึธื” ื”' ื‘ึผึฐืงื•ึนืœ ืฉืื•ึนืคึธืจ". ื•ื”ืŸ ื’ื ื–ื›ืจ ืœืชืงื™ืขืช ื”ื™ื•ื‘ืœ, ืฉื‘ืขืช ืฉืชืงืขื• ื‘ืฉื•ืคืจ ื”ื™ื• ื”ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืœื—ื™ืจื•ืช, ื•ื”ืฉื“ื•ืช ื—ื•ื–ืจื•ืช ืœื‘ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ (ืœืขื™ืœ ื•, ื™ื). ื”ืจื™ ืฉื”ืชืงื™ืขื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืœื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืฉืžื”, ืฉื–ื›ืชื” ืœื”ืฉืชื—ืจืจ ืžื›ื‘ืœื™ ื”ื—ื˜ื ื•ื—ื–ืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืช ื—ื•ืจื™ืŸ. ื•ื”ืชืงื™ืขื” ื’ื ืจื•ืžื–ืช ืœื’ืื•ืœื” ื•ืœืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ืžืฉืืจ ื”ืฉืขื‘ื•ื“ื™ื, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ื›ื–, ื™ื’): "ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ื‘ึผึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทื”ื•ึผื ื™ึดืชึผึธืงึทืข ื‘ึผึฐืฉืื•ึนืคึธืจ ื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ ื•ึผื‘ึธืื•ึผ ื”ึธืึนื‘ึฐื“ึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐืึถืจึถืฅ ืึทืฉึผืื•ึผืจ ื•ึฐื”ึทื ึผึดื“ึผึธื—ึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐืึถืจึถืฅ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึธื™ึดื ื•ึฐื”ึดืฉืึฐืชึผึทื—ึฒื•ื•ึผ ืœึทื”' ื‘ึผึฐื”ึทืจ ื”ึทืงึผึนื“ึถืฉื ื‘ึผึดื™ืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึธื™ึดื".
ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืชืงื™ืขื•ืช ื”ืžืชื— ื”ืขืฆื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื ื•ืจืื™ื ืžืฉืชื—ืจืจ, ื•ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื ืฉืžืชื ื ื˜ื”ืจื” ื•ื™ืฆืื” ืœื—ื™ืจื•ืช, ื•ืฉืžื—ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžืžืœืืช ืืช ื”ืœื‘ื‘ื•ืช (ืœืขื™ืœ ื’, ื”). ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืขืฆื•ืžื” ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ืœืืžื•ื ื”, ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื”' ืื•ื”ื‘ื ื•ืงื‘ืœื ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ื•ื’ื ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ื‘ืื” ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ืชืงื“ื ื•ืœื”ืชืขืœื•ืช. ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืœืจืงื•ื“ ื•ืœืฉื™ืจ: "ืœืฉื ื” ื”ื‘ืื” ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื”ื‘ื ื•ื™ื”".
ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉื™ืื›ืœื• ืื• ื™ืฉืชื• ืžื™ื“ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืชืงื™ืขื•ืช, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืฉืœื ืœืชืงื•ืข ืœืคื ื™ ืฆืืช ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉืฉ ื›ื–ื”, ืืคืฉืจ ืœืชืงื•ืข ื’ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืžืฉื•ืช (ืž"ื‘ ืชืจื›ื’, ื™ื‘).
ื™ื˜ - ื–ืžืŸ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืฆื•ื, ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ื•ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืœื‘ื ื”
ื›ืคื™ ืฉืœืžื“ื ื• (ื‘ื”ืœื›ื” ื—), ื–ืžืŸ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืฆื•ื ื‘ืฆืืช ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื, ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืžื—ื•ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ, ืžืกื™ื™ืžื™ื ืืช ื”ืฆื•ื ื›ืžื” ื“ืงื•ืช ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืื—ืจ ืฉืขื‘ืจื• ื›-30 ื“ืงื•ืช ืžื”ืฉืงื™ืขื”, ื›ื‘ืจ ืขื‘ืจ ื–ืžืŸ ืฆืืช ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื•ืขื•ื“ ื›ืžื” ื“ืงื•ืช ืœืชื•ืกืคืช ื”ื™ื•ื, ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื‘ื“ื™ืœ ื•ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื•ืœืฉืชื•ืช. ื•ืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ื•ืฉ ืœืฉื™ื˜ืช ืจื‘ื ื• ืชื, ืฉืกื•ื‘ืจ ืฉื–ืžืŸ ืฆืืช ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื”ื•ื 72 ื“ืงื•ืช ืื—ืจ ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื” (ืคื ื”"ืœ ืฉื‘ืช ื’, 1).
ืขืฉืจื™ื ื“ืงื•ืช ืื—ืจ ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืขืจื‘ื™ืช, ืืœื ืฉื›ื“ื™ ืœืฆืืช ืžื”ืกืคืง, ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืงืจื•ื ืื—ืจ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืคืจืง ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืงืจื™ืืช ืฉืžืข (ืคื ื”"ืœ ืชืคื™ืœื” ื›ื”, ื”).
ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื ืืช ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืœื‘ื ื” ื‘ืžื•ืฆืื™ ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื, ืฉืขื“ ืื– ืžื—ืžืช ื”ืžืชื— ืฉืœ ื™ืžื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืœื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœืื•ืžืจื”, ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื”ื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ืืžืจ ื‘ืฉืžื—ื”, ื•ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืœืฉื™ืื” ื•ืื– ื”ื•ื ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžืชืื™ื ืœื‘ืจืš ื•ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืขืœ ืื•ืจ ื”ืœื‘ื ื”. ื•ื™ืฉ ืžืขื“ื™ืคื™ื ืœืœื›ืช ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื‘ืชื™ื”ื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื•ืœืฉืชื•ืช, ื•ืื—"ื› ืœื”ืชืืกืฃ ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืื•ืžืจื” ื‘ืฉืžื—ื”. ืื‘ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื—ื•ืฉืฉ ืฉืื—"ื› ื™ืฉื›ื— ืื• ื™ืชืงืฉื” ืœื‘ื•ื ืœื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืœื‘ื ื” ื‘ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืฉื™ื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ื”ืœื‘ื ื” ืœืื—ืจ ืกื™ื•ื ืขืจื‘ื™ืช (ืขื™' ืœืขื™ืœ ื”, ื–).
ื› - ื”ื‘ื“ืœื”
ื’ื ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืกืชื™ื™ื ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืืกื•ืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืœืื›ื” ื•ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื•ืœืฉืชื•ืช, ื›ื™ ืจืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœื” ื ืคืจื“ื™ื ืžื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ. ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืืžื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ื“ืœื” ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช 'ื—ื•ื ืŸ ื”ื“ืขืช' ืฉื‘ืชืคื™ืœืช ืขืžื™ื“ื” ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืœืื›ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืืกื•ืจ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื•ืœืฉืชื•ืช. ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืืžื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ื“ืœื” ืขืœ ื›ื•ืก ื™ื™ืŸ - ืžื•ืชืจ ื’ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืœืื›ื” ื•ื’ื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื•ืœืฉืชื•ืช. ืžื™ ืฉืœื ื”ืชืคืœืœ ื•ืืžืจ: "ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ืžื‘ื“ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืœื—ื•ืœ", ืจืฉืื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืœืื›ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืืกื•ืจ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื•ืœืฉืชื•ืช ืงื•ื“ื ืฉื™ืฉืžืข ื”ื‘ื“ืœื” ืขืœ ื›ื•ืก ื™ื™ืŸ (ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจื›ื“, ื; ืคื ื”"ืœ ืฉื‘ืช ื—, ื—).
ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœื” ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื’ืคืŸ, ืขืœ ื”ืื•ืจ ื•ืขืœ ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœื”. ื•ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœื” ืฉื‘ืžื•ืฆืื™ ืฉื‘ืช. ื•ื’ื ืื™ืŸ ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืฉืžื™ื, ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื˜ืขื ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืฉืžื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืฆืื™ ืฉื‘ืช, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืกืชืœืงื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ืฉืžื” ื”ื™ืชื™ืจื”. ืื‘ืœ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืชืขื ื™ืช ืื™ืŸ ืฆืขืจ, ืืœื ืฉืžื—ื” ืขืœ ื›ืคืจืช ื”ืขื•ื•ื ื•ืช. ื•ืืฃ ื›ืฉื—ืœ ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ืช, ืœื“ืขืช ืจื‘ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืฉืžื™ื. ื•ื”ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื‘ืจืš, ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื™ืกื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœื” ื•ื™ืฉืชื” ืžื”ื™ื™ืŸ, ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื‘ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืœื‘ืจืš ืขืœื™ื”ื. 17
ืฉืœื ื›ืžื• ื‘ืžื•ืฆืื™ ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื ืขืœ ื ืจ ืฉืžื“ืœื™ืงื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฉืขื”, ื‘ืžื•ืฆืื™ ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื ืจืง ืขืœ ื ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื“ื•ืœืง ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื. ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ืžื•ืฆืื™ ืฉื‘ืช ืžื’ืžืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื”' ืขืœ ื”ืืฉ ืฉื”ืชื’ืœืชื” ืœืื“ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื•ืฆืื™ ืฉื‘ืช, ืฉื ื˜ืœ ืื“ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ืื‘ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืงื™ืฉืŸ ื–ื• ื‘ื–ื• ื•ื™ืฆืื” ืืฉ, ื•ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ื‘ื™ืจืš ืœื”' ืขืœ ื›ืš, ื•ื›ื–ื›ืจ ืœื–ื” ืืฃ ืื ื• ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ื•ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืœื”' ืขืœ ื”ืืฉ ื‘ืžื•ืฆืื™ ืฉื‘ืชื•ืช. ืื•ืœื ื‘ืžื•ืฆืื™ ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ื”ื™ื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ืœื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืืฉ, ื•ืขืชื” ื”ื•ืชืจ ืœื ื• ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืขืœ 'ื ืจ ืฉืฉื‘ืช', ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืขืœ ืืฉ ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ื“ื•ืœืงืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื•ืžื—ืžืช ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืชื” ืืกื•ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”. ืœืฉื ื›ืš ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื‘ืขืจื‘ ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื ืจ ื ืฉืžื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื‘ืจืš ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืฆืืช ื”ื™ื•ื (ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจื›ื“, ื“; ืž"ื‘ ื–).
ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืจืš ืขืœ 'ื ืจ ืฉืฉื‘ืช', ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืขืœ ืื•ืชื• ื”ื ืจ ืฉื“ืœืง ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื. ื•ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ืื ืฉื›ื—ื• ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื ืจ ืžืขืจื‘ ื”ืฆื•ื, ืื• ืฉื”ื ืจ ืฉื”ื“ืœื™ืงื• ื›ื‘ื”, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ื ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื“ืœืง ืž'ื ืจ ืฉืฉื‘ืช'. ืœืฉื ื›ืš ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืฉื›ื ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื 'ื ืจ ืฉืฉื‘ืช', ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ืžื”ื ืจ ืฉืœื”ื ื ืจ ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื•ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืœื‘ื™ืช ื•ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื ืขืœื™ื• (ืจืžื‘"ืŸ, ืจืž"ื ืชืจื›ื“, ื”).
ืžื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• 'ื ืจ ืฉืฉื‘ืช', ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžื•ืฆื ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื ืจ ืž'ื ืจ ืฉืฉื‘ืช', ืœื ื™ื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ื”ืืฉ ื‘ืžื•ืฆืื™ ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื (ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจื›ื“, ื“, ื‘ืื•"ื” 'ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื'). ื•ืื ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื—ืœ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช, ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ื ืจ ืฉืžื“ืœื™ืงื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืฆืื™ ืฉื‘ืช (ืž"ื‘ ืชืจื›ื“, ื–, ืฉืขื”"ืฆ ื˜). 18
ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœื” ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ื•ืฉื•ืชื™ื ื‘ืฉืžื—ื” ื›ื™ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘. ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื›ืš ื’ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืœืืžื•ื ื” ืฉื”' ืžืงื‘ืœ ื‘ืื”ื‘ื” ืืช ื”ืฉื‘ื™ื ืืœื™ื•. ื•ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ืฉื‘ืžื•ืฆืื™ ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืืช ื‘ืช ืงื•ืœ ื•ืื•ืžืจืช: "ืœึตืšึฐ ืึฑื›ึนืœ ื‘ึผึฐืฉื‚ึดืžึฐื—ึธื” ืœึทื—ึฐืžึถืšึธ ื•ึผืฉืึฐืชึตื” ื‘ึฐืœึถื‘ ื˜ื•ึนื‘ ื™ึตื™ื ึถืšึธ ื›ึผึดื™ ื›ึฐื‘ึธืจ ืจึธืฆึธื” ื”ึธืึฑืœื•ึนื”ึดื™ื ืึถืช ืžึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึถื™ืšึธ" (ืงื”ืœืช ื˜, ื–, ืงื”"ืจ ืฉื, ืจืž"ื ืชืจื›ื“, ื”).
ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื ื•ืื ืฉื™ ืžืขืฉื” ืžื–ื“ืจื–ื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืžืœืื›ืช ื”ืงืžืช ื”ืกื•ื›ื” ื‘ืฆืืช ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฆืืช ืžืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœืžืฆื•ื•ื” (ืžื”ืจื™"ืœ, ืจืž"ื ืชืจื›ื“, ื”; ืคื ื”"ืœ ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ื‘, ื™ื‘).




^ 1.. ืœื“ืขืช ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืขื™ืงืจื™ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื• ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื ื’ืžืจืช (ืฉืขืจื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื, ืž; ืจืžื‘"ืŸ, ืกืž"ืง, ื—ืจื“ื™ื). ื‘ื™ืืจ ืจืžื‘"ืŸ (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื, ื˜) ืฉื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”, ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ืžืขืฉื”. ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ื—ืจื˜ื”, ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™, ื•ืกืžื™ื›ืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืงืจื‘ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืขืฉื”. ื•ื›"ื› ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ืขืงืจื™ื (ื“, ื›ื•). ื›ื™ื•ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืงืจื‘ืŸ, ื‘ื•ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ืฉื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื—ื™ืชื•ืš ืฉืคืชื™ื™ื ื ื›ืœืœ ื’ื ืžืขืฉื” (ื™ื“ ืงื˜ื ื”). ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ื‘ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื•ืฉื—ื™ื™ื” ื•ื”ื›ืื” ืขืœ ื”ืœื‘ (ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจื–, ื’; ืž"ื‘ ื™), ื•ื’ื ื‘ื›ืš ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืžืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”. ื›ืชื‘ ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ื”ืœ' ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื, ื: "ื›ืฉื™ืขืฉื” ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื—ื˜ืื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ืชื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื-ืœ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื". ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื• ืฉืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืื™ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืขืฉื” ืœืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ื›ื™ ื–ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืžืืœื™ื•, ืืœื ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉื•ื‘ - ื™ืชื•ื•ื“ื” (ืคืจ"ื—, ืžื "ื—, ืžืฉืคื˜ ื›ื”ืŸ ืงื›ื—). ื•ื™ืฉ ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื, ืฉื’ื ืœืจืžื‘"ื ื™ืฉ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืขืฉื” ืœืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ื•ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ื”ื•ื ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” (ื”ืžื‘ื™"ื˜ ื‘ืงืจื™ืช ืกืคืจ).
^ 2.. ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ื‘ืืžื™ืจืช "ื—ื˜ืืชื™, ืขื•ื•ื™ืชื™, ืคืฉืขืชื™", ืืœื ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœืคืจื˜ ืืช ื”ื—ื˜ืื™ื, ื•ืœืฉื ื›ืš ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื•ืžืจ ืืช ื ื•ืกื—: "ืืฉืžื ื• ื‘ื’ื“ื ื• ื’ื–ืœื ื•" ื•ื›ื•' (ืฉืœ"ื” ื•ืคืจื™ืฉื”). ื•ืืฃ ืฉื’ื ื‘ื• ืื™ืŸ ืžืคืจื˜ื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื˜ืื™ื, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืคืจื˜ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื˜ืื™ื, ื•ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื ืœืคื™ ืกื“ืจ ื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช, ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ื‘ื›ืš ื‘ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ืื• ื‘ืจืžื– ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื˜ืื™ื.
ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืชื•ื•ื“ื•ืช ื’ื ืขืœ ืขื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืื‘ื•ืช (ืฉืขืจื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื, ืž), ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื ื•ืกื— ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ื”ื•ื: "ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ื•ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื—ื˜ืื ื•, ืขื•ื•ื™ื ื•, ืคืฉืขื ื•" (ืฉืœ"ื”). ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื›ืš ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืขืžื•ืง, ื›ื™ ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื•ืจื™ื, ืื“ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ื”ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื ื”ืจืขื™ื ืฉื“ื‘ืงื• ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ืชื•, ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืžืชื•ื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ืขื•ื•ืŸ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื•, ื”ื•ื ืžืชื ืขืจ ืžื”ื ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืชืงื ื. ื•ืื ืœื ื™ืชื•ื•ื“ื”, ื™ืฉ ืœื—ื•ืฉ ืฉื‘ืœื ืžืฉื™ื ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืขืœื™ื”ื. ื•ื’ื ื‘ื–ื” ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืกื— ื”ื›ืœืœื™, ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื›ืš ืชื•ืขืœืช ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœืคืจื˜, ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื”ืœื›ื” ื•.
^ 3.. ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืžืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืž"ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื• ื•ืืœื•ื”ื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื•" ืฉืœืคื ื™ "ืืฉืžื ื• ื‘ื’ื“ื ื•", ื•ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ "ืขืœ ื—ื˜ืื™ื ืฉืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื ืืจื‘ืข ืžื™ืชื•ืช... ืžืœืš ืžื•ื—ืœ ื•ืกื•ืœื—". ืืžื ื ืœื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืฉืœื ืœื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ืงื”ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ื‘ื—ื–ืจืช ื”ืฉ"ืฅ, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืจืง ื‘ืขืช ืฉื”ื—ื–ืŸ ืื•ืžืจ ืืช ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ - "ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ื•ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื—ื˜ืื ื•" (ืฉื•ืขื”"ืจ ืชืจื–, ื—). ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ื›ื•ืœื ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ื‘ื—ื–ืจืช ื”ืฉ"ืฅ, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืขืช ืืžื™ืจืช ื›ื•ืœื• (ืž"ื‘ ืชืจื–, ื™). ืžื™ ืฉืงืฉื” ืœื• ืœืขืžื•ื“, ื™ืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™, ื•ืื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืฉื™ืขืžื•ื“ ื’ื ื‘ืขืช ืืžื™ืจืช "ืืฉืžื ื• ื‘ื’ื“ื ื•" ื•ื›ื•'.
ื”ืฉื—ื™ื™ื”: ืจื‘ื™ื ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœืฉื—ื•ืช ืžืขื˜ ืื• ืœื›ืคื•ืฃ ืžืขื˜ ืืช ื”ืจืืฉ. ื•ื™ืฉ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชื—ื•ื•ืช ืžืžืฉ ื›ืžื• ื‘'ืžื•ื“ื™ื' (ืฉืœ"ื”). ืžื™ ืฉืงืฉื” ืœื• ืœื”ืฉืชื—ื•ื•ืช ื•ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ, ื™ืฉืชื—ื•ื•ื” ื›ืžื• ื‘'ืžื•ื“ื™ื' ื‘ืขืช ืืžื™ืจืช ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™, ื•ืื ืืคืฉืจ ื’ื ื‘ืขืช ืืžื™ืจืช "ืืฉืžื ื• ื‘ื’ื“ื ื•" ื•ื›ื•', ื•ื‘ืฉืืจ ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืกืชืคืง ื‘ื›ืคื™ืคืช ื”ืจืืฉ ืžืขื˜.
ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ื ื•ืกืคืจื“ื™ื ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื”ื›ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื—ื–ื” ื‘ืขืช ืืžื™ืจืช "ืืฉืžื ื• ื‘ื’ื“ื ื•" ื•ื›ื•', ื•ื‘ืขืช ืืžื™ืจืช 'ืขืœ ื—ื˜ื'. ืืžื ื ืžืฉืขื” ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื "ืขืœ ื—ื˜ืื™ื ืฉืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื ืขื•ืœื”", ืจื‘ื™ื ืื™ื ื ืฉื•ื—ื™ื ื•ืื™ื ื ืžื›ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื—ื–ื”, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื ื•ืกื— ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ืฉื ื”ื•ื ื›ืœืœื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื‘ืœื ืœืฉื•ืŸ "ืฉื—ื˜ืื ื• ืœืคื ื™ืš". ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื™ื•ืฆืื™ ืชื™ืžืŸ ืื™ื ื ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื”ื›ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื—ื–ื” ื‘ื•ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™.
^ 4.. ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ื‘"ื™ ืฉืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื™"ืฃ ื•ืจื"ืฉ, ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ืœื›ื” ื›ืจ' ืขืงื™ื‘ื, ืฉื”ืžืชื•ื•ื“ื” ืื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืคืจื˜ ืืช ื”ื—ื˜ื. ื•ื›"ื› ื”ืขื™ื˜ื•ืจ, ืจื™ื"ื–, ืžืื™ืจื™ ื•ื˜ื•ืจ. ื•ืœืจืžื‘"ื (ื”ืœ' ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘, ื’), ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืคืจื˜ ืืช ื”ื—ื˜ื, ื•ื›"ื› ืกืž"ื’, ืจืื‘ื™"ื”, ืจื•ืงื— ื•ืกืคืจ ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื. ื•ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจ' ืขืงื™ื‘ื ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœืคืจื˜ ืืช ื”ื—ื˜ื (ืคืจ"ื—), ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœืคืจื˜ ืืช ื”ื—ื˜ื, ืื‘ืœ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืคืจื˜ื• ื‘ืœื—ืฉ, ื•ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืืฃ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ืžืขืœื” (ื‘"ื™). ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉื’ื ืจ' ืขืงื™ื‘ื ืกื•ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื ื™ ืฆื“ื“ื™ื, ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ื˜ ืžื‘ื˜ื ื—ืจื˜ื” ืขืžื•ืงื”, ื•ืžื ื’ื“, ื™ืฉ ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ื˜ ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืžื™ื™ื ื•ื—ื•ืกืจ ื‘ื•ืฉื”. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืืžืจ ืจ' ืขืงื™ื‘ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืคืจื˜ ืืช ื”ื—ื˜ื ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ืœื“ืขืชื• ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ื˜ ืžื•ืขื™ืœ ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืฉื™ืคืจื˜ ื‘ืœื—ืฉ. ื›ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ื–ื” ืคืกืง ื‘ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจื–, ื‘, ืฉื”ืœื›ื” ื›ืจ' ืขืงื™ื‘ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืคืจื˜ ืืช ื”ื—ื˜ื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืฉื‘ืœื—ืฉ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืคืจื˜ ืื•ืชื•.
ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื™ืฉ ืœืฉืื•ืœ, ืื™ืš ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฉื•"ืข, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืคืจื˜ ืืช ื”ื—ื˜ื, ื›ืืฉืจ ืœื›ืžื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืคืจื˜ ืืช ื”ื—ื˜ื? ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื•ืžืจ, ืฉื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื›ื•ืœื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื ื•ืกื— ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ืฉืœ ื•ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ (ืืฉืžื ื• ื‘ื’ื“ื ื• ื•ื›ื•'), ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ื‘ื–ื” ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืชื™ ื”ื“ืขื•ืช. ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืคื™ืจื•ื˜ ืจื‘, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ื™ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ืœื“ืขืช ืจ' ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื (ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ื™ืฉื ื™ื ื™ื•ืžื ืคื•, ื‘), ื•ืžืื™ื“ืš, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื•ืกื— ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื”ืื•ืžืจื• ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ืกื•ื™ ื—ื˜ืื” ื•ืžืชื‘ื™ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื•ื•ื ื• (ื“ืจื›ื™ ืžืฉื” ื•ืจืž"ื ืชืจื–, ื‘). ืœื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ืœืžืขืœื”, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืคืจื˜ ืืช ื—ื˜ืื• ื”ืื™ืฉื™, ืืœื ืฉืื ื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ืชื•ืขืœืช ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื•, ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉื™ืคืจื˜ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื™ืฉื™ ืืช ื—ื˜ืื•. ื•ืขื™' ื‘ื”ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช.
^ 5.. ื™ืฉ ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืจื‘ ื•ืจื‘ ื ื—ืžืŸ ื—ืœื•ืงื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื (ืœื—ื ืžืฉื ื”, ื•ื›ืš ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ืœ' ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘, ื”). ื•ื™ืฉ ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืจืง ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ื ื“ื™ืจื™ื ื ื—ืœืงื• ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื (ื›ืกืฃ ืžืฉื ื”). ื•ื™ืฉ ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ืžืฉืœื™ืžื™ื ื–ื” ืืช ื–ื” (ืฉืขืจื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื, ื™ื—, ื•ื›ืš ืžืฉืžืข ืžืจืื‘"ื“). ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื›ืœ ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื™ืฉ ืขืจืš, ื•ื›ืš ืžืฉืžืข ืžื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื, ื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ืœืžืขืœื” ืืช ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื”ื ืžืฉืœื™ืžื™ื ื–ื” ืืช ื–ื”. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš, ื’ื ืœืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช, ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ื™ืกื›ื™ืžื• ื–ื” ืœื–ื”. ืœืžืฉืœ, ืืฃ ืื ื™ื—ืœืงื• ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื—ื˜ื ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœืžืงื•ื ืฉื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืคื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื, ืฉืœื“ืขืช ืจื‘ ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืฉื™ืชื•ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ืœื“ืขืช ืจื‘ ื ื—ืžืŸ ืขื“ื™ืฃ ื‘ืฆื ืขื (ื›ืกืฃ ืžืฉื ื”), ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื—ื˜ื ื ืขืฉื” ืชื•ืš ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ื”ืฉื, ื’ื ืจื‘ ื ื—ืžืŸ ื™ืกื›ื™ื ืฉืขื“ื™ืฃ ืฉื™ืชื•ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืจื‘ื™ื. ื•ื›ืŸ ืืฃ ืœืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉื—ื˜ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื• ื‘ืฆื ืขื, ืฉืœื“ืขืช ืจื‘ ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืฉื™ืชื•ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืฆื ืขื ื•ืœืจื‘ ื ื—ืžืŸ ืขื“ื™ืฃ ื‘ืคื•ืžื‘ื™, ืื ื™ืฉ ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ื‘ืจื‘ื™ื ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืขืœื‘ื•ืŸ ืœื—ื‘ืจ, ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื’ื ืจื‘ ื ื—ืžืŸ ื™ื•ื“ื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืชื•ื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืจื‘ื™ื. ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ืกื›ืžื™ื, ื•ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช, ื™ืฉืงื•ืœ ื”ื—ื•ื˜ื ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืจืื•ื™ ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืชื•ื•ื“ื•ืช.
ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื (ืกื•ื˜ื” ื–, ื‘), ืฉื”ืžืกืคืจ ืœืื—ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื—ื˜ื ืฉืขืฉื” ื‘ืฆื ืขื ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื—ืฆื•ืฃ, ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื—ืœืœ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื ืฉืžื™ื™ื. ื•ืฉืืœื•, ื”ื™ืืš ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ื—ื˜ืื• ืฉื‘ื™ืœื‘ืœ ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ ืื‘ื™ื•, ื•ื”ืฉื™ื‘ื•, ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉืื ืœื ื™ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืจื‘ื™ื ื™ื—ืฉื“ื• ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื, ืขืœื™ื• ืœืกืคืจ ืืช ื—ื˜ืื•. ืžื›ืืŸ ืœืžื“ื• ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ืชื•ืขืœืช, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ื—ื˜ื ื‘ืจื‘ื™ื (ืคืจ"ื—, ืฉืข"ืช ืชืจื–, ื‘).
^ 6.. ื”ืœื›ื” ื–ื• ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืžื—ื•ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื ืœืžื“ื” ืžื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื›ื’, ืœื‘): "ืฉืึทื‘ึผึทืช ืฉืึทื‘ึผึธืชื•ึนืŸ ื”ื•ึผื ืœึธื›ึถื ื•ึฐืขึดื ึผึดื™ืชึถื ืึถืช ื ึทืคึฐืฉืึนืชึตื™ื›ึถื ื‘ึผึฐืชึดืฉืึฐืขึธื” ืœึทื—ึนื“ึถืฉื ื‘ึผึธืขึถืจึถื‘ ืžึตืขึถืจึถื‘ ืขึทื“ ืขึถืจึถื‘ ืชึผึดืฉืึฐื‘ึผึฐืชื•ึผ ืฉืึทื‘ึผึทืชึผึฐื›ึถื". ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื (ืจ"ื” ื˜, ื), ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชืขื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืชืฉื™ืขื™, ืฉื›ืŸ ื ืืžืจ ื‘ึผึธืขึถืจึถื‘ ืชึผึดืฉืึฐื‘ึผึฐืชื•ึผ, ื•ืžืื™ื“ืš, ืœื ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืจืง ื‘ืขืจื‘ ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืขื ื•ืช, ืฉื›ืŸ ื ืืžืจ ื•ึฐืขึดื ึผึดื™ืชึถื ืึถืช ื ึทืคึฐืฉืึนืชึตื™ื›ึถื ื‘ึผึฐืชึดืฉืึฐืขึธื” ืœึทื—ึนื“ึถืฉื, ืืœื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืžื—ื•ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ, ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืžื‘ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ื. ื•ื’ื ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืช ื”ื™ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืžื—ื•ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ, ืฉื›ืŸ ื ืืžืจ ืžึตืขึถืจึถื‘ ืขึทื“ ืขึถืจึถื‘ ืชึผึดืฉืึฐื‘ึผึฐืชื•ึผ, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืืช ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื™ื•ื ืขื“ ื”ืขืจื‘. ื•ืžื–ื” ืฉื ืืžืจ ืชึผึดืฉืึฐื‘ึผึฐืชื•ึผ ืฉืึทื‘ึผึทืชึผึฐื›ึถื ืœืžื“ื ื• ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืฉื•ื‘ืชื™ื ื‘ื”ื, ืฉื‘ืชื•ืช ื•ื—ื’ื™ื, ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื›ืŸ.
^ 7.. ืืžื ื ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื, ืฉืชืงื ื• ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื”, ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืžื“ืœื™ืงื™ื ื ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื”"ื› ืžื—ืžืช ืžื ื”ื’, ื•ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืื™ืŸ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง, ืื™ืŸ ืœื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ื”ื ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื”"ื› (ืžืจื“ื›ื™, ืžื”ืจื™"ืœ, ืคืจ"ื—, ื’ืจ"ื). ืื•ืœื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื‘ืจืš, ื›ื™ ื’ื ื‘ื™ื•ื”"ื› ื™ืฉ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ืืช ื”ื ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื•ื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ื•ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืœื•ื ื‘ื™ืช (ืจื"ืฉ ื™ื•ืžื ืค"ื— ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื˜, ื›ื–), ืืœื ืฉืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื”ื™ื• ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื ื”ื’ื• ืฉืœื ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉืžื ื™ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืื™ืกื•ืจ ืชืฉืžื™ืฉ, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ื ืœื›ืš, ื—ื–ืจ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืœืงื“ืžื•ืชื•, ืฉืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื ืจื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื”. ื•ื›ืš ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ืœืžืขืฉื” (ืจืž"ื ืชืจื™, ื‘; ืœื‘ื•ืฉ, ื‘"ื—, ืฉื•ืขื”"ืจ, ื‘ื"ื— ื•ื™ืœืš ื˜; ื—ื–ื•"ืข ืขืž' ืจื ื•; ืฉืฉ"ื› ืžื“, ื™ื’). โ†
ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืžื ื”ื’ ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื”ื•ื ื’ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืชืฉืžื™ืฉ, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื’ื ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ืฉื™ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ื• (ืจืž"ื ืชืจื™, ื). ื•ื ืจืื” ืœืคื™ ื–ื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื”ื ืจ ื™ื“ืœื•ืง ื›ืœ ื”ืœื™ืœื”, ื•ืœื ืžืฆื™ื ื• ืฉื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื ื–ื”ืจื™ื ื‘ื–ื” (ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืชืจื™, ื). ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ืืจ, ืฉื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื™ืฉื ื• ื•ืื›ืœื• ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ืื—ื“, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื”ืฉื™ื‘ื• ืœืžื—ืžื™ืจื™ื, ืฉืื“ืจื‘ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื ืจ ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืžื ื•ืข ืืช ื”ืชืฉืžื™ืฉ, ืฉื™ื•ืกื™ืคื• ื‘ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืฉืžืŸ ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ื™ื™ื“ืœืง ืขื“ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื™ืœื›ื• ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ. ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืฉืขื™ืงืจ ื˜ืขื ื”ื”ื“ืœืงื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืชืฉืžื™ืฉ, ื”ืจืื™ื” ืฉืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื”ื“ืœืงื”, ืžืฉืžืข ื™ืฉ ืœื” ืขืจืš ืขืฆืžื™ ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื™ื•ื. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื’ื ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื‘ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื”ื‘ืชื™ื ื”ืชืจื—ื‘ื• ื•ื ื”ื’ื• ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื ืคืจื“, ืœื ืชืงื ื• ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื ืจ ื ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื”ืฉื™ื ื”. ื•ืื ื”ื™ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื”ื ืจ ืฉืžื“ืœื™ืงื™ื ื‘ืกืœื•ืŸ ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื”ื ืœืฉืžืฉ ื‘ื—ื“ืจื, ื”ื™ื• ืžื–ื”ื™ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืš, ืืœื ืฉื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืœื ืจืื• ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ื—ืฉืฉ. ืขื•ื“ ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืืจ ื‘ื˜ืขื ื”ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืฉืœื ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง, ืฉื”ืžื ื”ื’ ื”ืจื•ื•ื— ื”ื™ื”, ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื‘ืช ื•ื—ื’ ื”ื™ื• ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืขื•ื ื”, ื•ื”ื ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ื”ื—ื’ื™ื’ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขืช ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ืกืœื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื• ืžืขื•ืจืจื™ื ืœื›ืš. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื›ืฉืจืื• ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžืชืขื•ืจืจื™ื ืœื›ืš ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื ืจ, ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื’ื ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื”ืฉื™ื ื”, ื•ื›ืฉื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื ื” ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืืฉื” ื‘ื ื™ื“ืชื”. ืž"ืž ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื ืจ ืื• ื ื•ืจื” ืงื˜ื ื” ื’ื ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื”ืฉื™ื ื”, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ืชืฉืžื™ืฉ.
^ 8.. ื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื ื•ื”ื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื—ื’ ืœื‘ืจืš 'ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•' ืขืœ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ืขืช ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื ืจื•ืช, ื•ืืฃ ืฉื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื‘ืจื›ืช 'ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•' ื”ื•ื ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ, ื”ืจื•ืฆื•ืช ืœื‘ืจืš ื‘ืขืช ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื”ื ืจื•ืช ืจืฉืื™ื•ืช (ืคื ื”"ืœ ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื ื‘, ื‘). ืืžื ื ื‘ื™ื•ื”"ื› ืฉืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืžื ื”ื’ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื ืจื•ืช, ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ืฉืžื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืื– 'ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•' (ื‘ื"ื— ื•ื™ืœืš ื˜). ืืžื ื ืžื™ ืฉืชืจืฆื” ืœื ืกื•ืข ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื”ื ืจื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช, ื›ืžื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื‘ืช ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืชื ื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ื” ืžืงื‘ืœืช ืืช ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื”ื ืจื•ืช (ืคื ื”"ืœ ืฉื‘ืช ื’, ื’), ื•ืืช ื‘ืจื›ืช 'ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•' ืชื‘ืจืš ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช, ื›ื™ ืื ืชื‘ืจืš ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื”ื ืจื•ืช, ืื—ืจ ืฉืชื‘ืจืš, ืชื”ื™ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ื‘ื›ืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ืชื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืš (ืž"ื‘ ืชืจื™ื˜, ื“; ื‘ื"ื— ื•ื™ืœืš ื˜; ืฉืฉ"ื› ืžื“, ื™ื“). โ†
ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ืชื‘ืืจ ื‘ืคื ื”"ืœ ืฉื‘ืช ื“, ื“, ื™ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืืฉื›ื ื– ื•ื—ืœืง ืžื™ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืกืคืจื“, ื ื•ื”ื’ื•ืช ืœื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ื”ื ืจื•ืช ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื“ืœืงืชื, ืžืคื ื™ ื”ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉืžื ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืชืŸ ื”ืŸ ืžืงื‘ืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื ืจื•ืช ืื—"ื›. ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ื‘ื™ื•ื”"ื› ืœืื—ืจ ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ื ืจื•ืช ื™ื‘ืจื›ื• 'ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•', ื•ื™ืงืคื™ื“ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ ื™ื•ื”"ื›. ื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืกืคืจื“ ืžื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื ืจื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื“ืœืงืชื, ื›ื™ ืื™ื ืŸ ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ืืœื ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื”ื“ืœืงื”. ืื‘ืœ ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช 'ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•' ื‘ื™ื•ื”"ื› ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื™ื•ื, ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ืœื‘ืจืš 'ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•' ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื”ื“ืœืงื” (ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื” ืขืž' ืจื ื–).
^ 9.. ืœื“ืขืช ืจ"ืช ืืžื™ืจืช 'ื›ืœ ื ื“ืจื™' ื ื•ืขื“ื” ืœืžืกื™ืจืช ืžื•ื“ืขื” ืžื›ืืŸ ื•ืื™ืœืš, ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ื ื“ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช ื‘ืœื ืœืคืจื˜ืŸ. ื•ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจื"ืฉ, ื‘'ื›ืœ ื ื“ืจื™' ืžืชื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื ื“ืจื™ ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช, ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืœืžืกื•ืจ ืžื•ื“ืขื” ืœืฉื ื” ื”ื‘ืื” ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื–ืœื–ืœื• ื‘ื ื“ืจื™ื. ืœืžืขืฉื” ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื’ื ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ื•ื’ื ืœืžืกื•ืจ ืžื•ื“ืขื”, ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ื”, ื™ื-ื™ื‘. ื•ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช ื’ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืžืฉื•ืช ื•ืืฃ ืื—ืจ ืฆืืช ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื, ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื”ื”ืชืจื” ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชื ืงื•ืช ืžืขื•ื•ืŸ ื ื“ืจื™ื, ื•ืขื™' ืจื™ื‘"ืฉ ืฉืฆื“; ื›ื”"ื— ืชืจื™ื˜, ื›ื”; ื™ื—ื•"ื“ ื, ื ื˜. ืขื•ื“ ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืืจ, ืฉื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ืชืจื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ื™ื•ื, ื’ื ืœืžื“ื ื• ืฉืœืื—ืจ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื™ื•ื, ื”ืชื™ืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืžืฆื•ื•ื” (ืคื ื”"ืœ ืฉื‘ืช ื’, ื“), ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื›ืš ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื’ื ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืขืœื™ื• ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื™ื•ื (ืฉื, 4), ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ืชืจืช ื ื“ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื”ื•ื ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ ื•ื”ื”ืชืจื” ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืžืฆื•ื•ื” - ืžื•ืชืจ.
^ 10.. ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœื—ื™ืจื•ืช, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ื”ืฉืชื—ืจืจื•ืช ืžื›ืœ ื”ื ื“ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื›ื‘ืœื™ื ืฉื”ืื“ื ื›ื‘ืœ ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ื”ื ื”ื™ื ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื•ื. ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฆื™ื ื• ืฉื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ืฉื ืช ื”ื™ื•ื‘ืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ืžืฉืชื—ืจืจื™ื ื•ื”ืฉื“ื•ืช ื—ื•ื–ืจื•ืช ืœื‘ืขืœื™ื”ื (ืœืขื™ืœ ื•, ื™ื).
^ 11.. ื”ืขื•ืฉื” ืžืœืื›ื” ื‘ืžื–ื™ื“ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื ืขื ืฉ ื‘ื›ืจืช, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื ืขื ืฉ ื‘ืžื™ืชืช ืกืงื™ืœื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ. ื”ืขื•ื ืฉ ืžื‘ื˜ื ืืช ื”ืฆื“ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืžื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื, ื•ื™ืฉ ืฆื“ ืฉื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืฉื’ื ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืžืชืขื ื™ื, ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ื•, 2.
^ 12.. ื•ืขื•ื“, ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืขืœื”, ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื• ื—ื™ื™ื, ื”ื™ื• ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ื’ื ื”ื ืฆื“ืงื”. ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ื ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื ืฉืžื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื, ื•ืืฃ ืฉืžืขื™ืงืจื” ื ืชืงื ื” ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ืืคืฉืจ ืœืื•ืžืจื” ื’ื ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ (ื’ืฉืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืค"ื ืœื‘, ื). ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืฉืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ ืžื›ืจื™ื– ื”ืฉืžืฉ 'ื™ื–ื›ื•ืจ' ื•ืžื™ ืฉืื‘ื™ื• ื•ืืžื• ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืฆื ืžื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช, ื•ื›ืžื” ื˜ืขืžื™ื ื ืืžืจื• ื‘ื›ืš, ื•ื”ืขื™ืงืจ, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื ืื” ืฉื—ืœืง ื™ืชืคืœืœื• ื•ื™ื–ื›ื™ืจื• ื ืฉืžื•ืช ื•ื—ืœืง ื™ืฉืชืงื•, ื•ื™ืฉ ื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ื ืœืขื™ืŸ ื”ืจืข. ืจื‘ื™ื ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืฉืœื ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื ืฉืžื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœืคื˜ื™ืจืช ื”ื”ื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ืฉืžื ืžืจื•ื‘ ืฆืขืจื ื™ืคืจื• ืืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืžื—ืช ื”ื—ื’ (ื•ืขื™' ื‘ืคื ื”"ืœ ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื ื‘, ื—; ืคืก"ืช ืชืจื›ื, ื–).
^ 13.. ืขืœ ืื“ืžื” ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื›ืจื•ืข ื•ืœืงื•ื“, ื•ื“ื™ืŸ ืœื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื ื•ืฆืจื• ืžื—ื•ืœ ื•ืžืœื˜ ื•ื›ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ืŸ ืื“ืžื” (ืž"ื‘ ืงืœื, ืžื). ื•ืขืœ ืื‘ื ื™ื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื›ืจื•ืข ื•ืœืงื•ื“ ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืจืืฉื• ืœืจืฆืคื”, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืืจ ื’ื•ืคื• ืœืจืฆืคื” (ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ืœ' ืข"ื– ื•, ื–; ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ืงืœื, ื–; ืž"ื‘ ืชืจื›ื, ื™ื“). ืื• ืฉื”ื›ืจื™ืขื” ื•ื”ืงื™ื“ื” ื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื”ื˜ื™ื™ื”. ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ืžื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื—ื•ืฅ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืจืืฉื• ืœืจืฆืคื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื›ืจื•ืข ื•ืœืงื•ื“ ื‘ื”ื˜ื™ื”. ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืจืฆืคื” ืžืื‘ื ื™ื, ื”ืกืชืคืงื• ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ื•ืœื”ืฉืชื—ื•ื•ืช ืขืœื™ื” ื‘ืคื™ืฉื•ื˜ ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื•ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื (ืฉืขื”"ืฆ ืงืœื, ืžื“). ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืœื›ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ื ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชื—ื•ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉืœ ื›ืจื™ืขื”, ื‘ืœื ืคื™ืฉื•ื˜ ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื•ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื. ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืžื—ืžืช ืฉื”ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืฆืคื•ืฃ, ื•ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื™ืฉืชื—ื•ื• ื‘ืคื™ืฉื•ื˜ ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื•ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื.
ืืžื ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืžืจืฆืคื•ืช ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœื‘ื ื™ื ื•ืœื ืžืื‘ืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช, ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื›ืœ ื”ื“ืขื•ืช ืœืคืจื•ืฉ ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจ ื•ืœื”ืฉืชื—ื•ื•ืช ื‘ืคื™ืฉื•ื˜ ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื•ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื.
^ 14.. ืžื•ืชืจ ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ืœืฉืืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื ืขื“ ืฆืืช ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื, ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ืฆื™ืจื•ืฃ ืกืคืงื•ืช: ื) ืœืจืื‘ื™"ื”, ื™ืจืื™ื ื•ืื•"ื–, ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืฉืืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื ื‘ืœื™ืœื”. ื‘) ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืžืฉื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืกืคืง ื™ื•ื. ื’) ืœืจ"ืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืื—ืจ ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื” ื”ื•ื ื•ื“ืื™ ื™ื•ื. ื•ื›ืŸ ื ืคืกืง ื‘ืฉื•ืขื”"ืจ ืชืจื›ื’, ื—, ื•ืœื›ืš ื ื˜ื” ื‘ืฉืขื”"ืฆ ืชืจื›ื’, ื™. ื•ื›"ื› ื‘ืคืก"ืช ืชืจื›ื’, 13, ื‘ืฉื ืจืฉื–"ื ื•ืจื™ืฉ"ื. ื•ื›"ื› ื‘ื™ื—ื•"ื“ ื•, ืž, ื•ืื•ืœ"ืฆ ื—"ื‘ ื—, ื™ื’. ื•ื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉื”ื•ื 13.5 ื“ืงื•ืช ืื—ืจ ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื”. ื•ืขื™' ื‘ื”ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช ืœืคื ื”"ืœ ืฉื‘ืช ื’, ื, ื™ื“, ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื›ืœ ื”ืคื—ื•ืช 14 ื“ืงื•ืช ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื•ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœ-19 ื“ืงื•ืช ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืคื ื™ ื”ื™ื ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘.
ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื›ื”ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืชืขื ื” ืœื ื™ืขืœื” ืœื“ื•ื›ืŸ. ื•ื’ื ืื ืื™ืŸ ืฉื ื›ื”ืŸ ืื—ืจ, ืœื ื™ืขืœื” (ื›ื”"ื— ืงื›ื˜, ื”; ืชื•ืจืช ื”ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื ื’, ื“). ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ืขืœื” (ืœื•ื— ื"ื™, ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœืžื” ืชืคื™ืœื” ื™, ื™ื’).
^ 15.. ื’ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืชืขื ื™ื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืงื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืขืฆื™ืจืช ื’ืฉืžื™ื ืื• ืฆืจื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช, ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืืช ืชืคื™ืœืช ื ืขื™ืœื”. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืชืฉืขื” ื‘ืื‘ ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ืกืคื™ื, ื›ื™ ื™ืกื•ื“ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ืงื‘ืœื”, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืžืชืงื ืช ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื. ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื“, ื), ืฉืœื“ืขืช ืจื‘ ื ืขื™ืœื” ื›ื ื’ื“ ื ืขื™ืœืช ืฉืขืจื™ ืฉืžื™ื™ื, ื•ื–ืžื ื” ืขื“ ื—ืฉื›ื”. ื•ืœืจ' ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ื›ื ื’ื“ ื ืขื™ืœืช ืฉืขืจื™ ื”ื™ื›ืœ, ื•ื–ืžื ื” ืขื“ ืฉืงื™ืขืช ื”ื—ืžื”. ืœื“ืขืช ืจื‘ ื”ืžืชืคืœืœ ื ืขื™ืœื” ืื™ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืขืจื‘ื™ืช (ื™ื•ืžื ืคื–, ื‘), ื•ืœื“ืขืช ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ื˜ืขื ืœื›ืš ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืœื“ืขืชื• ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื ืขื™ืœื” ื‘ืœื™ืœื”. ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื”ืœื›ื” ื›ืจื‘, ื•ื–ืžืŸ ื ืขื™ืœื” ื ืžืฉืš ืขื“ ื”ืœื™ืœื” (ืจื•ืงื—, ืจื™ื"ื–, ืจืื‘ื™"ื”). ื•ืจื‘ื™ื ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ืœื›ื” ื›ืจ' ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ื•ื–ืžืŸ ื ืขื™ืœื” ืขื“ ืฉืชืฉืงืข ื—ืžื” (ืจ"ื—, ืจื™"ืฅ ื’ื™ืืช, ืจืžื‘"ื, ืžื”ืจ"ื ืžืจื•ื˜ื ื‘ื•ืจื’, ืจื™ื˜ื‘"ื ืžืจื“ื›ื™). ื•ื›ืŸ ื ืคืกืง ื‘ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจื›ื’, ื‘. ืืœื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœืžื—ื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ ืฉืžืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ื—ื–ืจืช ื”ืฉ"ืฅ ืฉืœ ื ืขื™ืœื” ืื—ืจ ืฆืืช ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื, ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืขืœ ืžื™ ืœืกืžื•ืš (ืž"ื‘ ื‘). ืžืขืžื“ื• ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉืœ ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื ืขื™ืœื” ืฉื‘ื• ื ืฉืœืžืช ื›ืคืจืช ื”ืขื•ื•ื ื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ื•, 1.
^ 16.. ืขื•ื“ ืจืžื– ื™ืฉ ื‘ืืžื™ืจืช ืฉื‘ืข ื”ืคืขืžื™ื, ืฉืื ื• ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœื”ืžืœื™ืš ืืช ื”' ื‘ื”ืืจืชื• ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื”, ืฉื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืฉื ื”', ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืฉื‘ืข ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉืžืชื’ืœื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ืฉื”ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืฉื 'ืืœื•ื”ื™ื'.
^ 17.. ืœืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉื ืจื‘ื ื• ื’ืจืฉื•ื, ื’ื ื‘ืžื•ืฆืื™ ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืฉืžื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ืขืœ ื”ืกืชืœืงื•ืช ื”ื ืฉืžื” ื”ื™ืชื™ืจื”. ื•ืœืจืžื‘"ื, ื’ื ื›ืฉื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื—ืœ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืื™ืŸ ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื. ื‘ื™ืืจ ื”ืจื"ื”, ืฉื”ื”ื™ืชืจ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืžื•ืฆืื™ ื™ื•ื”"ื› ื”ื•ื ืฉืžืคื™ื™ืก ืืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื‘ืฉืžื™ื. ื•ืขืœ ืคื™ ืจืฉ"ื™ (ื‘ื™ืฆื” ื˜ื–, ื), ื”ื ืฉืžื” ื”ื™ืชื™ืจื” ืžืชื‘ื˜ืืช ื‘ืจื•ื—ื‘ ื”ืœื‘ ืœืฉืžื—ื” ื‘ืื›ื™ืœื” ื•ืฉืชื™ื™ื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืคื™ื™ืก ืืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฆื•ื. ื•ื›ืŸ ื ืคืกืง ื‘ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจื›ื“, ื’. ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืื ื—ืœ ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืฉืžื™ื, ื›ื™ ื”ื ืฉืžื” ื”ื™ืชื™ืจื” ืžืชื‘ื˜ืืช ื’ื ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ืจื•ื— ืฉืื‘ื“ื• (ืžื”ืจื™"ืœ, ืื‘ื•ื“ืจื”ื). ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื”ืจืฉืขื™ื ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœื’ื™ื”ื ื ื‘ืžื•ืฆืื™ ืฉื‘ืช, ื•ืขื•ืœื” ืจื™ื— ืจืข, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžืจื™ื—ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืฉืžื™ื. ื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื›ืชื‘ื• ื›ืš ืœืžืขืฉื” (ืžื”ืจืฉ"ืœ, ื‘"ื—, ืž"ื ื•ื˜"ื–). ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืฉืžื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœื”, ื™ืฉ ื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ื ืœื”ืคืกืง, ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื”ืœื›ื” ื›ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ืจืš (ื’ื™ื ืช ื•ืจื“ื™ื, ื"ืจ, ืžื—ื–ื™ืง ื‘ืจื›ื”). ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืฉืžื™ื ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ, ื‘ืกืคืง ืื™ืŸ ืœื—ื™ื™ื‘, ื•ื’ื ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืขื‘ื•ืจื” ืืช ืกื“ืจ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœื”. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื“ืจ, ื™ื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืฉืžื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื™ืฉืชื” ืžื”ื™ื™ืŸ (ืจื•ื— ื—ื™ื™ื ืชืจื›ื“).
^ 18.. ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื’ื ื‘ืžื•ืฆืื™ ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉื—ืœ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ืจืš ืขืœ 'ื ืจ ืฉืฉื‘ืช', ืฉืื– ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืžื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืœืฉื ื™ ื”ื˜ืขืžื™ื, ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื (ืจื™ื˜ื‘"ื). ื•ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ืจืš ื’ื ืขืœ ืกืžืš ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“ (ืฉืขื”"ืฆ ืชืจื›ื“, ื˜). ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžื•ืฆืื™ ื™ื•ื ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืจื’ื™ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืœื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ื ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื“ืœืง ื‘ืžื•ืฆืื™ ื”ื™ื•ื ืื• ืฉื‘ื ืžื›ื•ื—ื•, ื•ื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื ืขืœ ื ืจ ืฉื’ื•ื™ ื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื. ื›ื™ ื”ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื•ื ืœื‘ืจืš ืขืœ 'ื ืจ ืฉืฉื‘ืช', ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืขืœ ื ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื“ื•ืœืง ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื•ืืกื•ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืืฉ ืฉืœื•. ื•ืื ื”ื™ื” ื—ื•ืœื” ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ืฆืจื›ื• ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ืขื‘ื•ืจื• ืืฉ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื, ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ืื•ืชื” ืืฉ ื‘ืžื•ืฆืื™ ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื, ืฉื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ืืฉ ื–ื• ื”ื•ื“ืœืงื” ื‘ื”ื™ืชืจ, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื’ื ืืฉ ื–ื• ืฉื‘ืชื” ืžืžืœืื›ืช ืื™ืกื•ืจ (ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจื›ื“, ื“-ื”).
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
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