ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ืœื•ื— ืฉื ื” ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช

ื”ืงื“ืฉืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืืชืจ

ื”ืงื“ืฉ

ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
 ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื
  • ืกื•ื›ื•ืช
  • ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืœื›ื•ืชื™ื”ื
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
  • ืกืคืจื™ื”
  • ืคื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืœื›ื”
  • ืกื•ื›ื•ืช
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17 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ืืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขืกื“ืจื•ืชืกืคืจื™ื”ืคืกืงื™ ื“ื™ืŸื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš

ืกื•ื›ื•ืช





ื - ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื”
ื–ืžืŸ ื ื˜ื™ืœืช ืœื•ืœื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื•ืœื ื‘ืœื™ืœื”. ื•ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืœื•ืœื‘ ื‘ืฉื—ืจื™ืช, ื•ืžื™ ืฉืœื ื ื˜ืœื• ื‘ืฉื—ืจื™ืช ื™ื˜ืœื ื• ืื—"ื›, ื•ืื ื›ื‘ืจ ืฉืงืขื” ื”ื—ืžื” - ื™ื˜ืœื ื• ื‘ืœื ื‘ืจื›ื”, ื•ืื ื™ืฆืื• ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื - ื”ืคืกื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” (ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจื ื‘, ื; ืž"ื‘ ื‘).
ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืœื•ืœื‘ ื‘ืขืช ืืžื™ืจืช ื”ืœืœ, ื•ืœื ืขื ืข ื‘ื• ื‘ืคืกื•ืงื™ "ื”ื•ึนื“ื•ึผ ืœึทื”' ื›ึผึดื™ ื˜ื•ึนื‘ ื›ึผึดื™ ืœึฐืขื•ึนืœึธื ื—ึทืกึฐื“ึผื•ึน" ื•"ืึธื ึผึธื ื”' ื”ื•ึนืฉืึดื™ืขึธื” ื ึผึธื". ื•ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ืชืงื ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื‘ืจื›ื” ืขืœ ื ื˜ื™ืœืช ืœื•ืœื‘, ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ื”ืœื•ืœื‘ ืœืคื ื™ ืืžื™ืจืช ื”ืœืœ, ื•ื™ืฉ ืžืงื“ื™ืžื™ื ืœื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ื”ืœื•ืœื‘ ื‘ืกื•ื›ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” (ืœื”ืœืŸ ื’).
ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืœื•ืœื‘ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื ืฅ ื”ื—ืžื”, ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ืฉืžืฉ ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื”ื™ืจืื•ืช ื‘ืžื–ืจื—. ืื‘ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื”ื•ืฆืจืš ืœื”ืฉื›ื™ื ืœืฆืืช ืœื“ืจืš, ื•ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืœื•ืœื‘ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื ืฅ ื”ื—ืžื”, ื™ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืœื•ืœื‘ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ืžืฉืขื” ืฉื™ืขืœื” ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื—ืจ, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืฉืขื” ืฉื™ื™ืจืื” ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื–ืจื— (ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจื ื‘, ื; ืค"ื” ืชืคื™ืœื” ื™ื, ื‘, 1).
ื›ืคื™ ืฉืœืžื“ื ื• (ื“, ื), ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืœื•ืœื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื’ ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื•ืจืง ื‘ืžืงื“ืฉ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืœื•ืœื‘ ืฉื‘ืขื” ื™ืžื™ื. ื•ื›ืš ื ื”ื’ื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ื™ื” ืงื™ื™ื, ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื ื˜ืœื• ืœื•ืœื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ืฉืืจ ื”ื™ืžื™ื, ืจืง ื”ืขื•ืœื™ื ืœืจื’ืœ ื ื˜ืœื• ืœื•ืœื‘. ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื—ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ืช, ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื• ื ื•ื˜ืœื™ื ืœื•ืœื‘, ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื‘ื•ืื• ืœื˜ืœื˜ืœ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ื, ืชืงื ื• ืฉื™ื™ื˜ืœื• ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช (ืกื•ื›ื” ืžื‘, ื‘). ื•ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืืจืฅ ืœื ื ื˜ืœื• ืœื•ืœื‘, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื“ืขื• ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื•ืช ืื™ืžืชื™ ื ืชืงื“ืฉ ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ืฆืจื›ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืกืคืง ืฉื ื™ ื™ืžื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื’ืœื•ื™ื•ืช. ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ื•ื•ื“ืื•ืช ืฉืฉื‘ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื’ื–ืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉืœื ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื‘ื• ืœื•ืœื‘, ืฉืžื ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืงื‘ืขื• ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืœื•ืœื‘ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช, ื™ื”ื™ื• ืฉื™ื˜ืขื• ื•ื™ื˜ืœื˜ืœื• ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ืชื•ืš ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ืฉื‘ืช (ืกื•ื›ื” ืžื’, ื).
ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ื—ืจื‘ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, ืชืงื ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื™ื™ื˜ืœื• ืœื•ืœื‘ ืฉื‘ืขื” ื™ืžื™ื ื–ื›ืจ ืœืžืงื“ืฉ, ื•ืžื ื’ื“ ืชืงื ื• ืฉื’ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืื ื™ื—ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช, ืœื ื™ื™ื˜ืœื• ืœื•ืœื‘, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืžื ื”ื’ ืื—ื“ (ืกื•ื›ื” ืžื“, ื). ื•ื’ื ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื—ืœื• ืœืงื“ืฉ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืœื•ื—, ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืกืคืง ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื–ืžื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื ืฉืืจ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•, ืฉืœื ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืœื•ืœื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ื ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื—ืœ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช (ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ืœ' ืœื•ืœื‘ ื–, ื˜ื–-ื™ื—).
ืืคืฉืจ ืื•ืœื™ ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ื˜ืขื ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืฉืœืื—ืจ ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, ื ื—ืœืฉ ื›ื•ื— ื”ืฉืคืขืชื” ืฉืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื ื˜ื™ืœืช ืœื•ืœื‘, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื—ื–ืงื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื ื˜ื™ืœืช ืœื•ืœื‘ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ืขื” ื™ืžื™ื. ื•ืžื ื’ื“ ื”ื—ืฉืฉ ืžืคื ื™ ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื’ื‘ืจ ืžืื•ื“, ืฉื”ืฉื‘ืช ื ื•ืชืจื” ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืœืงื™ื•ืžื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืžื•ืขื™ืœื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื ื˜ื™ืœืช ืœื•ืœื‘. ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื’ื™ืขื• ื—ืก ื•ืฉืœื•ื ืœื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ืฉื‘ืช, ื’ื–ืจื• ืฉื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื—ืœ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืœื ื™ื™ื˜ืœื• ืœื•ืœื‘. ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื™ื•ืฆื, ืฉื‘ืฉื ื™ื ืฉื™ื•ื ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ื—ืœ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช, ืื™ืŸ ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื ื˜ื™ืœืช ืœื•ืœื‘ ืžื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื ื˜ื™ืœืช ื”ืœื•ืœื‘ ื‘ืฉืืจ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื.
ื‘ - ืื™ื’ื•ื“ ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื
ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ืžืขื›ื‘ื™ื ื–ื” ืืช ื–ื”, ืฉืื ื”ื™ื” ื—ืกืจ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื, ืื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ื ื•ืชืจื™ื (ืžื ื—ื•ืช ื›ื–, ื). ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืืช ื›ืœ ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ื™ื—ื“, ื•ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“, ืื ื”ื™ื• ื›ืœ ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ืืฆืœื•, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื ื˜ื™ืœืชื ืื—ื“ ืื—ืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ (ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจื ื, ื™ื‘).
ืœื ื–ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืฉืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืืช ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ื™ื—ื“, ืืœื ืฉืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœืื’ื•ื“ ืืช ื”ืœื•ืœื‘ ื•ื”ื”ื“ืกื™ื ื•ื”ืขืจื‘ื•ืช ื™ื—ื“, ืฉื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื”, ื•ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœื”ืชื ืื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ื• ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืฉืžื•ืช ื˜ื•, ื‘): "ื–ึถื” ืึตืœึดื™ ื•ึฐืึทื ึฐื•ึตื”ื•ึผ". ืื‘ืœ ื”ืืชืจื•ื’ ืื™ื ื• ื ืื’ื“ ืขืžื”ื, ืฉื›ืš ื“ื™ื™ืงื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื‘ืคืกื•ืง: "ืคึผึฐืจึดื™ ืขึตืฅ ื”ึธื“ึธืจ, ื›ึผึทืคึผึนืช ืชึผึฐืžึธืจึดื™ื ื•ึท ืขึฒื ึทืฃ ืขึตืฅ ืขึธื‘ึนืช ื•ึฐ ืขึทืจึฐื‘ึตื™ ื ึธื—ึทืœ" (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื›ื’, ืž), ื”ืจื™ ืฉ'ื•' ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžื—ื‘ืจืช ืืช ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ื™ื—ื“, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ืืชืจื•ื’ ื ื•ืชืจ ืœื‘ื“ื•, ื•ืื™ื ื• ื ืื’ื“ ืขืžื”ื.
ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœืื’ื•ื“ ืืช ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืงืฉืจ ื’ืžื•ืจ ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืชื• ื‘ืฉื‘ืช, ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ืงืฉืจ ื›ืคื•ืœ. ื•ื’ื ื”ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืงื•ื™ืฉืงืœืืš (ืฉืจื•ื•ืœื™ื ืžืงืœื™ืขืช ืขืœื™ ืœื•ืœื‘) ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืงืฉืจื• ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืงืฉืจ ื›ืคื•ืœ (ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจื ื, ื). ื•ื™ืฉ ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœ ื›ืš, ืืœื ื”ืขื™ืงืจ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ืื’ื•ื“ื™ื (ืจื™ื˜ื‘"ื, ื•ืขื™' ืž"ื‘ ืชืจื ื, ื—).
ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืจื‘ื™ื ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœืื’ื•ื“ ืืช ื”ืœื•ืœื‘ ื‘ืขืœื™ ืœื•ืœื‘, ืืคืฉืจ ืœืื’ื•ื“ ืืช ื”ืœื•ืœื‘ ื‘ื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื˜ ืื• ืจืฆื•ืขื” (ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจื ื, ื).
ื›ืฉืื•ื’ื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ืœื•ืœื‘ ืขื ื”ื”ื“ืกื™ื ื•ื”ืขืจื‘ื•ืช, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืฉืฉื“ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืœื•ืœื‘ ืชื”ื™ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื˜ืคื— ืžืขืœ ื”ื”ื“ืกื™ื ื•ื”ืขืจื‘ื•ืช (ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจื , ื‘). ื•ืื ื”ื™ื• ื”ื”ื“ืกื™ื ืื• ื”ืขืจื‘ื•ืช ืืจื•ื›ื™ื ื•ื”ืœื•ืœื‘ ืงืฆืจ, ื•ืฉื“ืจืชื• ืื™ื ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืžื”ื ื˜ืคื—, ื™ืฉ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืื—ืช ืžืฉืชื™ื™ื: ืื• ืœืงืฆืจ ืืช ื”ื”ื“ืกื™ื ื•ื”ืขืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื›ืฉืจ, ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื˜ืคื—ื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืฉื“ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืœื•ืœื‘ ืชื”ื™ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืžื”ื ื˜ืคื—. ืื• ืœืงื•ืฉืจื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืชื—ื™ืœืชื ืชื”ื™ื” ื ืžื•ื›ื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืœื•ืœื‘, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืฉื“ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืœื•ืœื‘ ืชืฆื ืžืขืœื™ื”ื ื˜ืคื—.
ืœื ื™ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืœื•ืœื‘ ืื—ื“ ื•ืืชืจื•ื’ ืื—ื“. ื•ืœื”ื“ืกื™ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื•ืœืขืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืชื™ื™ื, ื•ืื ืจืฆื” ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืขื•ื“ ื”ื“ืกื™ื ื•ืขืจื‘ื•ืช - ืจืฉืื™, ื•ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื“ืงื“ืงื™ื ืฉืœื ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืขืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื”ื“ืกื™ื ื•ืฉืชื™ ืขืจื‘ื•ืช (ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจื ื, ื˜ื•).
ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืžื™ืŸ ืื—ืจ ืขืœ ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืฆื•ื•ืชื” ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื”ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจ 'ื‘ืœ ืชื•ืกื™ืฃ' (ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจื ื, ื™ื“). 1
ื™ืฉ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœืงืฉื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื”ื“ืกื™ื ื‘ืฆื“ ื™ืžื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉื“ืจืช ื”ืœื•ืœื‘ ื•ืืช ื”ืขืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื“ ืฉืžืืœ (ืฉืœ"ื”, ืž"ื‘ ืชืจื ื, ื™ื‘). ื•ื™ืฉ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœืงืฉื•ืจ ื”ื“ืก ืื—ื“ ื‘ื™ืžื™ืŸ, ื•ืื—ื“ ื‘ืฉืžืืœ, ื•ืื—ื“ ื‘ืืžืฆืข, ื•ืขืจื‘ื” ืื—ืช ืžื™ืžื™ืŸ ื•ืื—ืช ืžืฉืžืืœ (ืž"ื ื“, ื‘ืฉื ื”ืืจ"ื™). ื•ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื”ืื•ืคื ื™ื ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœืžื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ.
ื™ืฉ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื”ื“ืจ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื”ื”ื“ืกื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืขื˜ ืžื”ืขืจื‘ื•ืช, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื”ื“ืกื™ื ืจื•ืžื–ื™ื ืœืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื•ื”ืขืจื‘ื•ืช ืœืขืžื™ ื”ืืจืฅ (ืจืž"ื ืชืจื ื, ื).
ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœืื’ื•ื“ ืืช ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ื™ื—ื“, ื™ืฉ ืžื”ื“ืจื™ื ืœืงืฉื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืœื•ืœื‘ ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืงืฉืจื™ื, ื•ื”ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ื ืžืงืคื™ื“ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืœื•ืœื‘ ื‘ืœื ืงืฉื™ืจื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื›ืกื›ืก ื‘ืœื•ืœื‘ ื‘ืขืช ื”ื ืขื ื•ืขื™ื (ืจืž"ื ืชืจื ื, ื; ืž"ื‘ ื™ื“). ื•ื™ืฉ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื™"ื— ืงืฉืจื™ื ื‘ืœื•ืœื‘ (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื”"ื— ื˜ื–).
ื’ - ืกื“ืจ ื ื˜ื™ืœืช ื”ืœื•ืœื‘ ื•ื‘ืจื›ืชื•
ื™ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื“ ื™ืžื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืœื•ืœื‘ ื•ื”ื”ื“ืกื™ื ื•ื”ืขืจื‘ื•ืช, ื•ื‘ื™ื“ ืฉืžืืœ ืืช ื”ืืชืจื•ื’. ื•ื–ืืช ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืืชืจื•ื’, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ืœื ื•ื˜ืœื ื‘ื™ื“ ื™ืžื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ื”ื—ื–ืงื”. ื•ืื ื˜ืขื” ื•ื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ืฆื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ื”.
ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื’ื ืื™ื˜ืจ ื™ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืœื•ืœื‘ ื‘ื™ื“ ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื›ื“ืจืš ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื’ื ืืฆืœ ืื™ื˜ืจ ื™ืฉ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื™ื“ ื™ืžื™ืŸ, ืฉื”ื™ื ืจื•ืžื–ืช ืœืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื—ืกื“ (ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจื ื, ื’). ื•ื›ืŸ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืงื‘ืœื”. ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื, ืฉื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ืืฆืœ ืื™ื˜ืจ ื™ื“ ืฉืžืืœ ื”ื™ื ื”ื—ื–ืงื” ื•ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื”, ื™ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื‘ื” ืืช ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื, ื•ืืช ื”ืืชืจื•ื’ ื™ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื“ ื™ืžื™ืŸ (ืจืž"ื).
ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืืช ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ื›ื“ืจืš ื’ื“ื™ืœืชื, ืขื™ืงืจื ืœืžื˜ื” ื•ืจืืฉื™ื”ื ืœืžืขืœื”. ื•ื‘ืืชืจื•ื’, ืขื•ืงืฆื• ืœืžื˜ื” ื•ื—ื•ื˜ืžื• ืœืžืขืœื”, ืฉื›ืš ื”ื™ื ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื• ื‘ืื™ืœืŸ. ื•ืื ื”ืคืš ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื˜ืœื• ืฉืœื ื›ื“ืจืš ื’ื“ื™ืœืชื•, ืœื ืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” (ืกื•ื›ื” ืœื–, ื‘; ืžื”, ื‘; ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจื ื, ื‘).
ืื•ื—ื–ื™ื ืืช ื”ืœื•ืœื‘ ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉื“ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืœื•ืœื‘ ืœืฆื“ ืคื ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื ื•ื˜ืœื•, ื•ืžืฆืžื™ื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ืืชืจื•ื’ ืœืื’ื•ื“ืช ื”ืœื•ืœื‘ (ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจื ื, ื™ื). ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ื” ืžื ืขื ืขื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืœืืจื‘ืข ืจื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ืœืžื˜ื”, ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื”ืœื›ื” ื”ื‘ืื”.
ืชืงื ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืœื‘ืจืš ืœืคื ื™ ืงื™ื•ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื”: "ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื”' ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื• ืžืœืš ื”ืขื•ืœื ืืฉืจ ืงื“ืฉื ื• ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืฆื•ื•ื ื• ืขืœ ื ื˜ื™ืœืช ืœื•ืœื‘". ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืชื”ื™ื” ืกืžื•ื›ื” ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื™ื•ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื”, ื ื•ื˜ืœื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืืช ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื, ืืœื ืฉืื•ื—ื–ื™ื ืืช ื”ืืชืจื•ื’ ื”ืคื•ืš, ืขื•ืงืฆื• ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ื—ื•ื˜ืžื• ืœืžื˜ื”, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื”, ื•ืžื™ื“ ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื•ืžื ืขื ืขื™ื ืืช ื”ืœื•ืœื‘. ื•ื™ืฉ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœืื—ื•ื– ื‘ืขืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืืช ื”ืœื•ืœื‘ ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื•ืžื™ื“ ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ื ื•ื˜ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืืชืจื•ื’ ื•ืžื ืขื ืขื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืขื ื”ืœื•ืœื‘ (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจื ื, ื”). ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ื•ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืงื™ื•ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” 'ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•' (ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจื ื, ื•).
ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืขืช ืืžื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ื•ืงื™ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื ื˜ื™ืœืช ื”ืœื•ืœื‘. ื•ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืžื•ืขื™ืœื” ืœื›ืœ ื”ืœื•ืœื‘ื™ื ืฉื™ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื•ื™ื ืขื ืข ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื•ื (ืจืž"ื ืชืจื ื, ื”).
ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ื”ืœื•ืœื‘ ืœืคื ื™ ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื”ืœืœ (ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจืžื“, ื). ื•ื™ืฉ ืžื”ื“ืจื™ื ืœื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ื”ืœื•ืœื‘ ื‘ืกื•ื›ื” ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืœื•ืœื‘ ืขื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื›ื” (ื”ืืจ"ื™, ืฉืœ"ื”). ื•ื”ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ื•ื•ืชื™ืงื™ืŸ, ืื™ื ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ื”ืœื•ืœื‘ ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ ื‘ืกื•ื›ื”, ื›ื™ ื–ืžืŸ ื ื˜ื™ืœืช ืœื•ืœื‘ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื ืฅ ื”ื—ืžื”.
ื ื•ื˜ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืœื•ืœื‘ ื•ื”ืืชืจื•ื’ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื™ื, ื•ื”ืžื ื™ื— ืืช ื”ืœื•ืœื‘ ืื• ื”ืืชืจื•ื’ ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื•ื ื˜ืœ ืืช ื”ื›ืœื™ - ืœื ื™ืฆื. ื•ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืœืžื™ื ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื’ื“ ืฉืื•ื’ื“ื™ื ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืœื•ืœื‘ ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืฆืฅ, ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืขื“ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื. ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉื”ื—ืžื™ืจื• ืœื”ืกื™ืจ ื˜ื‘ืขื•ืช ืžื”ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืžืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื•ืช ืื™ื ืŸ ื—ื•ืฆืฆื•ืช, ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื”ืŸ ืžื›ืกื•ืช ืจืง ื—ืœืง ืงื˜ืŸ ืžื”ื™ื“ (ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจื ื, ื–).
ืžื™ ืฉื›ืฃ ื™ื“ื• ื—ื‘ื•ืฉื”, ื•ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืชื™ื• ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืชื—ื‘ื•ืฉืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืื—ื•ื– ื‘ื”ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ืœืงื™ื™ื ื›ืš ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” (ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื”ื“"ื˜ ืœื’, ื›ื”, ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช). ื•ืื ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืื—ื•ื– ืืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืชื™ื•, ื™ืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื‘ื™ื“ื• ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื•ื™ื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ื”ืœื•ืœื‘ ื•ื™ืื—ื– ืื•ืชื• ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื•ืื—"ื› ื™ื ื™ื— ืืช ื”ืœื•ืœื‘ ื•ื™ืื—ื– ืืช ื”ืืชืจื•ื’, ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืœืžื“ื ื• ื‘ื”ืœื›ื” ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช, ืฉื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื–ื” ืื—ืจ ื–ื”.
ื“ - ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ื ืขื ื•ืขื™ื
ื‘ืขืฆื ื–ื” ืฉื ื•ื˜ืœื™ื ืืช ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ื•ืžื’ื‘ื™ื”ื™ื ืื•ืชื - ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื”, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื›ื’, ืž): "ื•ึผืœึฐืงึทื—ึฐืชึผึถื ืœึธื›ึถื". ื•ืชืงื ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืœื ืขื ืข ืืช ื”ืœื•ืœื‘ ื›ื“ืจืš ืฉืฆื•ื•ืชื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœื”ื ื™ืฃ ื›ืžื” ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช (ืกื•ื›ื” ืžื‘, ื; ืžื ื—ื•ืช ืกื, ื).
ื›ืš ื”ื™ื ื“ืจืš ื”ื”ื ืคื”: "ืžื•ืœื™ืš ื•ืžื‘ื™ื, ืžืขืœื” ื•ืžื•ืจื™ื“". ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืžืจื—ื™ืง ืืช ื”ืœื•ืœื‘ ืžืžื ื• ื•ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื•ืžืงืจื‘ ืื•ืชื• ืืœื™ื•, ืžืขืœื” ืื•ืชื• ื›ืœืคื™ ืžืขืœื” ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื•ืจื™ื“. ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ืืžื•ื ื”: "ืžื•ืœื™ืš ื•ืžื‘ื™ื - ืœืžื™ ืฉื”ืืจื‘ืข ืจื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื•, ืžืขืœื” ื•ืžื•ืจื™ื“ - ืœืžื™ ืฉื”ืฉืžื™ื ื•ื”ืืจืฅ ืฉืœื•" (ืกื•ื›ื” ืœื–, ื‘). ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื”ื ื™ืฃ ืœื›ืœ ืืจื‘ืข ื”ืจื•ื—ื•ืช, ื•ื›ืœืคื™ ืžืขืœื” ื•ื›ืœืคื™ ืžื˜ื”.
ืขื•ื“ ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื (ืฉื): "ืžื•ืœื™ืš ื•ืžื‘ื™ื - ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืจื•ื—ื•ืช ืจืขื•ืช, ืžืขืœื” ื•ืžื•ืจื™ื“ - ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ื˜ืœืœื™ื ืจืขื™ื".
ื˜ืขื ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืœืื—ืจ ื™ืžื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ, ื‘ื”ื ืขืžื“ื ื• ืœืคื ื™ ื”' ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื”, ืื ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื ื” ื‘ืฉืžื—ื”, ื•ืžื ื™ืคื™ื ืืช ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ื›ืื•ืช ื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืฆืœื—ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ื”ืชืงืจื‘ื•ืช ืืœ ื”' ื™ืชื‘ืจืš (ื•ื™ืง"ืจ ืœ, ื‘; ืœืขื™ืœ ื, ื’).
ื•ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืกื“ืจ ื”ื ืขื ื•ืขื™ื: ืžืฆืžื™ื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ืืชืจื•ื’ ืฉื‘ื™ื“ ืฉืžืืœ ืืœ ืื’ื•ื“ืช ื”ืœื•ืœื‘ ื•ื”ื”ื“ืกื™ื ื•ื”ืขืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ื“ ื™ืžื™ืŸ, ื•ืื•ื—ื–ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœื’ื•ืฃ, ื•ื™ืฉ ืžื”ื“ืจื™ื ืœื”ืฆืžื™ื“ื ืœื—ื–ื”, ื•ืžืฉื ืžื•ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื ืขื ื•ืข ื›ืืฉืจ ืจืืฉ ื”ืœื•ืœื‘ ื›ืœืคื™ ืžืขืœื” ืขื ื ื˜ื™ื™ื” ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื ืขื ื•ืข, ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื—ื–ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ืืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ. ื•ื›ืš ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืฉืฉืช ื”ื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืžื ืขื ืขื™ื ืืœื™ื”ื, ืฉื”ื ืืจื‘ืข ืจื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ืœืžื˜ื”. ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื ืขื ืขื™ื ืืช ื”ืœื•ืœื‘ ื›ืœืคื™ ืžื˜ื”, ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืืช ืจืืฉื• ื›ืœืคื™ ืžื˜ื”, ืืœื ื›ืฉืจืืฉื• ื›ืœืคื™ ืžืขืœื” ืžื•ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืœื‘ ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืžื˜ื”.
ื™ืฉ ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื ืขื ืข ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืžื–ืจื—, ื•ืžืฉื ืคื•ื ื™ื ืœืฆื“ ื™ืžื™ืŸ, ื•ืžื ืขื ืขื™ื ืœื“ืจื•ื, ืžืขืจื‘ ื•ืฆืคื•ืŸ, ื•ืื—"ื› ืžื ืขื ืขื™ื ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ืœืžื˜ื” (ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจื ื, ื™). ื•ืขืœ ืคื™ ืžื ื”ื’ ื”ืืจ"ื™, ืžื ืขื ืขื™ื ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœืฆื“ ื“ืจื•ื, ื”ื ืขื ื•ืข ื”ืฉื ื™ ืœืฆืคื•ืŸ, ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืœืžื–ืจื—, ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ืœืžืขืœื”, ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ ืœืžื˜ื”, ื•ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™ ืœืฆื“ ืžืขืจื‘.
ื™ืฉ ืฉืคื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืขืช ื”ื ืขื ื•ืข ืืœ ื”ืฆื“ ืฉืืœื™ื• ืžื ืขื ืขื™ื ืืช ื”ืœื•ืœื‘, ื•ื‘ืขืช ืฉืžื ืขื ืขื™ื ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ืœืžื˜ื” ืคื•ื ื™ื ืœืžื–ืจื—. ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ื›ืœ ืกื“ืจ ื”ื ืขื ื•ืขื™ื ืœืฆื“ ืžื–ืจื— ื•ืžื˜ื™ื ืืช ื”ืœื•ืœื‘ ื›ืกื“ืจ ื”ื ืขื ื•ืขื™ื. ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื, ื•ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื›ืœ ืื“ื ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ืžื ื”ื’ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื•, ื•ื›ืฉืžื ื”ื’ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื• ืื™ื ื• ื‘ืจื•ืจ, ื™ื ื”ื’ ื›ืคื™ ืฉื™ืจืฆื”. 2
ืžื ื”ื’ ืืฉื›ื ื– ืœื”ืฉืชื“ืœ ืœื›ืกื›ืก ื‘ืœื•ืœื‘ ื‘ืขืช ื”ื ืขื ื•ืขื™ื, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื ืขื ื•ืขื™ื ืจื—ืฉ ืงืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ื ืฉื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืœื•ืœื‘ (ืž"ื‘ ืชืจื ื, ืžื–). ื•ื”ืกืคืจื“ื™ื ืื™ื ื ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื›ืกื›ืก ื‘ืœื•ืœื‘.
ื” - ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืžื ืขื ืขื™ื
ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื ืขื ื•ืขื™ื ืฉืœืื—ืจ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืขืœ ื”ืœื•ืœื‘, ืชืงื ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืœืื—ื•ื– ืืช ื”ืœื•ืœื‘ ื‘ืขืช ืืžื™ืจืช ื”ื”ืœืœ, ื•ืœื ืขื ืขื• ื‘ืขืช ืืžื™ืจืช ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื: "ื”ื•ึนื“ื•ึผ ืœึทื”' ื›ึผึดื™ ื˜ื•ึนื‘ ื›ึผึดื™ ืœึฐืขื•ึนืœึธื ื—ึทืกึฐื“ึผื•ึน" ื•"ืึธื ึผึธื ื”' ื”ื•ึนืฉืึดื™ืขึธื” ื ึผึธื" (ืกื•ื›ื” ืœื–, ื‘). ื•ืกืžื›ื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ืขืœ ื”ืคืกื•ืง (ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื' ื˜ื–, ืœื’-ืœื”): "ืึธื– ื™ึฐืจึทื ึผึฐื ื•ึผ ืขึฒืฆึตื™ ื”ึทื™ึผึธืขึทืจ... ื”ื•ึนื“ื•ึผ ืœึทื”' ื›ึผึดื™ ื˜ื•ึนื‘ ื›ึผึดื™ ืœึฐืขื•ึนืœึธื ื—ึทืกึฐื“ึผื•ึน. ื•ึฐืึดืžึฐืจื•ึผ ื”ื•ึนืฉืึดื™ืขึตื ื•ึผ ืึฑืœื•ึนื”ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉืึฐืขึตื ื•ึผ ื•ึฐืงึทื‘ึผึฐืฆึตื ื•ึผ ื•ึฐื”ึทืฆึผึดื™ืœึตื ื•ึผ ืžึดืŸ ื”ึทื’ึผื•ึนื™ึดื ืœึฐื”ึนื“ื•ึนืช ืœึฐืฉืึตื ืงึธื“ึฐืฉืึถืšึธ ืœึฐื”ึดืฉืึฐืชึผึทื‘ึผึตื—ึท ื‘ึผึดืชึฐื”ึดืœึผึธืชึถืšึธ". ื“ืจืš ืจื™ื ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ืขืฆื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื ืžืชื ื•ืขืขื™ื, ื•ืื™ืžืชื™ ื”ื ืžืจื ื ื™ื? ื‘ืขืช ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื 'ื”ื•ื“ื•' ื•ื‘ืขืช ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื 'ื”ื•ืฉื™ืขื ื•'. ื•ื‘ืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืœืžื“ื ื• ืจืžื– ื ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ื ืขื ื•ืขื™ ื”ืœื•ืœื‘, ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ืชืคื™ืœื” ืœืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ื’ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืืจื‘ืข ื›ื ืคื•ืช ืชื‘ืœ.
ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ื ื™ื“ื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื’ืฉื, ื™ืฉ ื‘ื ืขื ื•ืขื™ ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืฆืžื—ื• ื‘ื’ืฉืžื™ ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื“ืื” ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื”, ื•ืชืคื™ืœื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ื‘ืื”, ืฉืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ืืจื‘ืข ื”ืจื•ื—ื•ืช, ื™ื‘ื•ืื• ืขืœื™ื ื• ื’ืฉืžื™ื ื•ื˜ืœืœื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื, ื•ืœื ื’ืฉืžื™ื ื•ื˜ืœืœื™ื ืจืขื™ื ื•ืœื ืจื•ื—ื•ืช ืจืขื•ืช.
ื›ืคื™ ืฉืœืžื“ื ื•, ืžื ืขื ืขื™ื ืืช ื”ืœื•ืœื‘ ื‘ืขืช ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื ื™ ืคืกื•ืงื™ื: "ื”ื•ึนื“ื•ึผ ืœึทื”' ื›ึผึดื™ ื˜ื•ึนื‘ ื›ึผึดื™ ืœึฐืขื•ึนืœึธื ื—ึทืกึฐื“ึผื•ึน" ื•"ืึธื ึผึธื ื”' ื”ื•ึนืฉืึดื™ืขึธื” ื ึผึธื". ื•ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื—ืœืง ืืช ื”ื ืขื ื•ืขื™ื ืœืคื™ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื, ื•ื‘ืขืช ืืžื™ืจืช ืฉื ื”ืฉื ืขื•ืฆืจื™ื ื•ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืฉืžื•. ื ืžืฆื ืื ื›ืŸ ืฉื‘ืคืกื•ืง 'ื”ื•ื“ื•' ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืฉืฉ ืžื™ืœื™ื ืžืœื‘ื“ ืฉื ื”ืฉื, ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื™ืœื” ืžื ืขื ืขื™ื ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืื—ื“. ื•ื‘ืคืกื•ืง 'ืื ื' ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžื™ืœื™ื ืžืœื‘ื“ ืฉื ื”ืฉื, ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื™ืœื” ืžื ืขื ืขื™ื ืœืฉื ื™ ื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื (ืž"ื‘ ืชืจื ื, ืœื–).
ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžื ืขื ืขื™ื ื—ืžืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื: ื' ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืขืœ ื”ืœื•ืœื‘, ื‘' ื‘"ื”ื•ื“ื• ืœื”'" ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื’' "ืื ื ื”' ื”ื•ืฉื™ืขื” ื ื", ื“' "ืื ื ื”' ื”ื•ืฉื™ืขื” ื ื", ื”' ื‘"ื”ื•ื“ื• ืœื”'" ืฉื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื”ืœืœ. ื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื–ืŸ ืœืงื”ืœ. ื•ื›ืŸ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืกืคืจื“ื™ื ื•ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื. ื•ืžื ื”ื’ ื™ื•ืฆืื™ ืชื™ืžืŸ, ืฉืžื ืขื ืขื™ื ืืจื‘ืข ืคืขืžื™ื, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืคืกื•ืง "ืื ื ื”' ื”ื•ืฉื™ืขื” ื ื".
ืœืžื ื”ื’ ืืฉื›ื ื–, ื”ืงื”ืœ ืžื ืขื ืข ื‘ืœื•ืœื‘ ืชืฉืข ืคืขืžื™ื, ื•ื”ื—ื–ืŸ ืฉื‘ืข ืคืขืžื™ื. ื•ื–ืืช ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืœืžื ื”ื’ ื–ื” ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื ืขื ืข ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ื”ืœืœ "ื”ื•ื“ื• ืœื”'", ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืžืชื•ื•ืกืคื™ื ืœืงื”ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืืจื‘ืขื” ื ืขื ื•ืขื™ื, ื•ืœื—ื–ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ืฉื ื™ ื ืขื ื•ืขื™ื. ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื–ืŸ ืœืงื”ืœ ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžืžื ื”ื’ ืืžื™ืจืช ืืจื‘ืขื” ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ืืœื•: "(ื) ื”ื•ึนื“ื•ึผ ืœึทื”' ื›ึผึดื™ ื˜ื•ึนื‘ ื›ึผึดื™ ืœึฐืขื•ึนืœึธื ื—ึทืกึฐื“ึผื•ึน. (ื‘) ื™ึนืืžึทืจ ื ึธื ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื›ึผึดื™ ืœึฐืขื•ึนืœึธื ื—ึทืกึฐื“ึผื•ึน. (ื’) ื™ึนืืžึฐืจื•ึผ ื ึธื ื‘ึตื™ืช ืึทื”ึฒืจึนืŸ ื›ึผึดื™ ืœึฐืขื•ึนืœึธื ื—ึทืกึฐื“ึผื•ึน. (ื“) ื™ึนืืžึฐืจื•ึผ ื ึธื ื™ึดืจึฐืึตื™ ื”' ื›ึผึดื™ ืœึฐืขื•ึนืœึธื ื—ึทืกึฐื“ึผื•ึน". ืœืžื ื”ื’ ืืฉื›ื ื–, ื”ืงื”ืœ ืขื•ื ื” ืื—ืจ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื: "ื”ื•ึนื“ื•ึผ ืœึทื”' ื›ึผึดื™ ื˜ื•ึนื‘ ื›ึผึดื™ ืœึฐืขื•ึนืœึธื ื—ึทืกึฐื“ึผื•ึน". ื ืžืฆื ืฉื”ืงื”ืœ ืžื ืขื ืข ื‘ืœื•ืœื‘ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื. ืื‘ืœ ื”ื—ื–ืŸ ืžื ืขื ืข ืจืง ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื. ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ "ื”ื•ึนื“ื•ึผ ืœึทื”' ื›ึผึดื™ ื˜ื•ึนื‘ ื›ึผึดื™ ืœึฐืขื•ึนืœึธื ื—ึทืกึฐื“ึผื•ึน", ื•ื‘ืฉื ื™, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ืคืกื•ืง ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืงื•ืจื ืœื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื”', ื•ื‘ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ืชืฃ ื‘ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืื—"ื› 'ื”ื•ื“ื•'. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื‘ื™ืช ืื”ืจื•ืŸ ื•ื™ืจืื™ ื”' ื™ืฉื‘ื—ื• ืœื”', ื”ื—ื–ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ื ื›ืœืœ ืขืžื”ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ืžื ืขื ืข ื‘ื”ื (ืฉื•"ืข ื•ืจืž"ื ืชืจื ื ื—). ืขื•ื“ ื ืขื ื•ืข ืื—ื“ ืžืชื•ื•ืกืฃ ืœืžื ื”ื’ ืืฉื›ื ื– ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื”ืœืœ, ืฉื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืคืขืžื™ื™ื 'ื”ื•ื“ื•', ืžื ืขื ืขื™ื ืฉื ืคืขืžื™ื™ื. ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ืœืžื“ื ื• ืฉืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืงื‘ืœื” ืžื ืขื ืขื™ื ืฉื ืคืขื ืื—ืช. 3
ื• - ื ืฉื™ื ื•ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื‘ืœื•ืœื‘
ื ืฉื™ื ืคื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ืžืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื ื˜ื™ืœืช ืœื•ืœื‘, ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื”ื™ื ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ, ื•ื›ืœืœ ื ืงื•ื˜ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื ื•, ื ืฉื™ื ืคื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ืžืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืขืฉื” ืฉื”ื–ืžืŸ ื’ืจืžืŸ (ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื›ื˜, ื). ื•ืืฉื” ืฉืจื•ืฆื” ืœืงื™ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืฉื”ื–ืžืŸ ื’ืจืžื” ื™ืฉ ืœื” ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื›ืจ.
ืœืžื ื”ื’ ืจื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืกืคืจื“, ื ืฉื™ื ืื™ื ืŸ ืžื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืขืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืขืฉื” ืฉื”ื–ืžืŸ ื’ืจืžืŸ, ืฉื”ื™ืืš ืชื‘ืจืš "ืืฉืจ ืงื“ืฉื ื• ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืฆื•ื•ื ื•" ื›ืืฉืจ ืœื ื ืฆื˜ื•ื•ืชื”. ื•ืœืžื ื”ื’ ื™ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืืฉื›ื ื–, ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืžืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ื›ืš ืžืฆื•ื•ื” - ืžื‘ืจื›ื•ืช. ื•ืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉืฉ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื ื•ืกื—, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืกื— ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” 'ื•ืฆื•ื•ื ื™' ืืœื 'ื•ืฆื•ื•ื ื•', ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืืช ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืืฃ ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื”. ื•ืืฃ ืฉืœืคื™ ืžื ื”ื’ื™ ืกืคืจื“ื™ื, ื ืฉื™ื ืื™ื ืŸ ืžื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืขืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืขืฉื” ืฉื”ื–ืžืŸ ื’ืจืžืŸ, ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื ื˜ื™ืœืช ืœื•ืœื‘ ื ื”ื’ื• ืจื‘ื•ืช ืœื‘ืจืš, ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉื ืชื ื• ืœื›ืš ื˜ืขืžื™ื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืงื‘ืœื”. 4
ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉื™ื•ื“ืข ืœื ืขื ืข ืืช ื”ืœื•ืœื‘ ื›ื“ื™ืŸ, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืœื”ื•ืœื™ืš ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“, ืื‘ื™ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื—ื ื›ื• ืœืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืœื•ืœื‘. ืื ื”ื‘ืŸ ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื’ื™ืœ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื•ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ, ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืื‘ื™ื• ื™ืงื ื” ืœื• ืืจื‘ืขื” ืžื™ื ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื ืขื ืข ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืชืงื ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื. ื•ืื ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื• ืœืงื ื•ืช ืœื• ืืจื‘ืขื” ืžื™ื ื™ื, ืœื›ืœ ื”ืคื—ื•ืช ื™ืชืŸ ืœื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืืช ืœื•ืœื‘ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” (ืกื•ื›ื” ืžื‘, ื; ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจื ื–, ื, ืž"ื‘ ื“). 5
ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืขื•ื“ื“ ื‘ื ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ืฉื™ื ืขื ืขื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืืช ื”ืœื•ืœื‘, ื•ืืฃ ืฉื ืฉื™ื ืคื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ืžื ื˜ื™ืœืช ืœื•ืœื‘, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืŸ, ื•ืื ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืœื—ื™ื‘ื•ื‘ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช.
ื– - ืฉืžื™ืจืช ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื
ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืฉืชื“ืœ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื”ื“ืกื™ื ื•ื”ืขืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ืจื™ื•ืชื, ื•ืœืฉื ื›ืš ื”ื™ื• ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ืื•ืชื ื‘ืžื™ื. ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืžืฉื ื” (ืกื•ื›ื” ืžื‘, ื), ืฉื‘ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืœื•ืœื‘ ืขื ื”ื”ื“ืกื™ื ื•ื”ืขืจื‘ื•ืช ืœืชื•ืš ื›ืœื™ ื”ืžื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื• ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ, ื•ืืฃ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืžื™ื ืœื›ืœื™. ืื‘ืœ ืืกืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื ืฉื‘ื›ืœื™ ืื• ืœืงื—ืช ื›ืœื™ ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ืœืžืœืื• ื‘ืžื™ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื–ื”, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื–ื• ื˜ืจื—ื” ืฉื ืจืื™ืช ื›ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื›ืœื™, ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžื™ื (ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจื ื“, ื).
ื‘ื—ื•ืœ ื”ืžื•ืขื“ ื”ื™ื• ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืฉืจื• ืืช ื”ืœื•ืœื‘ ืขื ื”ื”ื“ืกื™ื ื•ื”ืขืจื‘ื•ืช, ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ื”ื™ื• ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ื ืฉืžืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื˜ืจื™ื•ืชื. ื•ื™ืฉ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœืคืจืง ืืช ืื™ื’ื•ื“ ื”ืœื•ืœื‘, ื•ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืืช ื”ื”ื“ืกื™ื ื‘ืฆื ืฆื ืช ืžื™ื ื•ืœืขื˜ื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ืขืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืžื’ื‘ืช ืœื—ื” ืื• ืœื”ืฉืจื•ืชืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืš ืžื™ื. ื•ื™ืฉื ื” ื“ืจืš ื ื•ืกืคืช ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื, ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื›ื ืกืชื ืœื ืจืชื™ืง ืื˜ื•ื. ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืฉืœื ืฉื”ื• ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื ืจืชื™ืง, ืื‘ืœ ืื ืฉื”ื• ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ื•ื”ื”ื“ืกื™ื ื•ื”ืขืจื‘ื•ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ืœื• ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื‘ืฉ, ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื”ื ื™ื—ื ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ืžื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืงื ืืช ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืชื.
ื™ืฉ ืžื”ื“ืจื™ื ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืืช ื”ืขืจื‘ื•ืช, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื”ื™ื“ื•ืจ ื‘ืขืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืจืขื ื ื•ืช (ืจืž"ื ืชืจื ื“, ื). ื•ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืกืชืคืงื™ื ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืžืฉืชื“ืœื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ืฉืœื ื™ืชื™ื™ื‘ืฉื•.
ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœืื’ื•ื“ ืืช ื”ืœื•ืœื‘ ืขื ื”ื”ื“ืกื™ื ื•ื”ืขืจื‘ื•ืช, ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืขืจื‘ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช, ืื• ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื—ื–ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ื“ืกื™ื ืžื›ืœื™ ื”ืžื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื•, ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืกืชืคืง ื‘ืชื—ื™ื‘ืชื ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ืงื™ื™ื, ืืœื ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœืงืฉื•ืจ ืื•ืชื ืžื—ื“ืฉ, ืื• ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ืงืฉืจ, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ืš ืืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืื™ื’ื•ื“ (ืž"ื‘ ืชืจื ื“, ื”).
ื— - ื“ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืงืฆื” ื‘ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื
ืžืฉืขืช ื ื˜ื™ืœืช ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื ืขืฉื• ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ืžื•ืงืฆื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื•ืชื, ื•ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ. ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ืืกื•ืจ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืืชืจื•ื’ ื•ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืจื™ื— ื‘ื”ื“ืก, ื•ื’ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ื‘ื“ืœื” ืฉื‘ืžื•ืฆืื™ ืฉื‘ืช ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืจื™ื— ื‘ื”ื“ืก. ื•ื’ื ืื ื”ืืชืจื•ื’ ืื• ื”ื”ื“ืกื™ื ื ืคืกืœื•, ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ืงืฆื” ื ื•ืชืจ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื—ื’ (ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจื ื’, ื; ืชืจืกื”, ื).
ืืžื ื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืจื™ื— ื‘ืืชืจื•ื’, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืขื™ืงืจ ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืืชืจื•ื’ ืœืื›ื™ืœื”, ื•ืจืง ืžื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืงืฆื”, ืื‘ืœ ืžืŸ ื”ืจื™ื— ืฉื ืœื•ื•ื” ืืœื™ื• ืœื ื”ื•ืงืฆื” (ืกื•ื›ื” ืœื–, ื‘). ืืœื ืฉื”ืชืขื•ืจืจ ืกืคืง ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžื™ ืฉื ื•ื˜ืœ ืืช ื”ืืชืจื•ื’ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื•ื’ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžืจื™ื—ื•. ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื”ื•ื ื ื”ื ื” ืžื”ืจื™ื—, ื™ื‘ืจืš "ื”ื ื•ืชืŸ ืจื™ื— ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืช". ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ืขื™ืงืจ ื ื˜ื™ืœืชื• ืœืžืฆื•ื•ื”, ืœื ื™ื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ืจื™ื—ื•. ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฆืืช ืžื”ืกืคืง ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืช ื ื˜ื™ืœืช ื”ืืชืจื•ื’ ืœืžืฆื•ื•ื”, ืฉื ื˜ื™ืœืชื• ื”ื™ื ืœืฉื ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื•ืœื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžืจื™ื—ื• (ืฉื•"ืข ืจื˜ื–, ื™ื“; ืชืจื ื’, ื). ืื‘ืœ ืฉืœื ื‘ืขืช ืงื™ื•ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื”, ื”ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืจื™ื— ื‘ืืชืจื•ื’ ืžื‘ืจืš: "ื”ื ื•ืชืŸ ืจื™ื— ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืช". 6
ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ืกืชื™ื™ืžื• ืฉื‘ืขืช ื™ืžื™ ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช, ืคื•ืงืข ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืžื•ืงืฆื” ืžื”ืžื™ื ื™ื, ื•ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื ืœื›ืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ. ืื‘ืœ ืืกื•ืจ ืœื‘ื–ื•ืชื, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืœื–ื•ืจืงื ืœืืฉืคื” ืžื˜ื•ื ืคืช ืื• ืœื“ืจื•ืš ืขืœื™ื”ื (ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจืกื“, ื—).
ืžื™ ืฉืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืืช ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ื”ืชื ื” ื‘ืœื™ื‘ื• ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ืงืฆื” ืืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื›ืื•ื•ืช ื ืคืฉื•, ืœื ื—ืœ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืžื•ืงืฆื”, ื•ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื›ืจืฆื•ื ื•. 7
ื˜ - ืžื ื”ื’ ื”ื”ืงืคื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื“ืฉ
ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ืžื™ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืžืงื™ืคื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ืคืขื ืื—ืช, ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ื”ื™ื• ืžืงื™ืคื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ืฉื‘ืข ืคืขืžื™ื. ื•ื”ื™ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ืขืช ื”ื”ืงืคื•ืช: "ืึธื ึผึธื ื”' ื”ื•ึนืฉืึดื™ืขึธื” ื ึผึธื. ืึธื ึผึธื ื”' ื”ึทืฆึฐืœึดื™ื—ึธื” ื ึผึธื", ื•ืœื“ืขืช ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”: "ืื ื™ ื•ื”ื• ื”ื•ืฉื™ืขื” ื ื" (ืกื•ื›ื” ืžื”, ื). ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ื ื•ื˜ืœื™ื ืœื•ืœื‘ ื‘ืขืช ื”ื”ืงืคื•ืช, ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืขืจื‘ื•ืช (ืกื•ื›ื” ืžื’, ื‘). 8
ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉืžื ื”ื’ ื”ื”ืงืคื•ืช ื ืชืงืŸ ื›ื–ื›ืจ ืœื”ืงืคื•ืช ืฉืฆื™ื•ื•ื” ื”' ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืขืจื•ืš ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื™ืจื™ื—ื• ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ื ื•ืŸ. ื•ื–ืืช ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื›ื‘ื•ืฉ ืื•ืชื” ื•ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืกื•ื›ื” ืค"ื“ ื”"ื’). ื•ื›ืš ื”ืงื™ืคื•: ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื ืฉืื• ืืช ืืจื•ืŸ ื”', ื•ืฉื‘ืขื” ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืชื•ืงืขื™ ืฉื•ืคืจื•ืช ื”ืœื›ื• ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืืจื•ืŸ, ื•ืœืคื ื™ื”ื ื”ืœืš ื—ื™ืœ ื”ื—ืœื•ืฅ, ื•ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืืจื•ืŸ ื”ืœื›ื• ืฉืืจ ืื ืฉื™ ื”ื—ื™ืœ. ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉืฉื” ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืงื™ืคื• ืืช ื™ืจื™ื—ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืคืขื ืื—ืช, ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ื”ืงื™ืคื• ืฉื‘ืข ืคืขืžื™ื, ื•ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื”ืงืคื” ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืชืงืขื• ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืชืงื™ืขื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ื”ืจื™ืข, ื•ื ืขืฉื” ื ืก ื•ื—ื•ืžืช ื™ืจื™ื—ื• ื ื‘ืœืขื” ืชื—ืชื™ื” ื•ื›ื‘ืฉื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืช ื™ืจื™ื—ื• (ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื•).
ืขืœ ืคื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ ื”ืกื•ื“, ื™ืจื™ื—ื• ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื›ื ืขืŸ, ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืชืจื›ื–ื” ืจื•ื— ื”ื˜ื•ืžืื” ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื ืขื ื™ื, ืฉื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉืชื” ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืชืื•ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช. ื•ื”ื—ื•ืžื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉื”ืงื™ืคื• ื‘ื” ืืช ืขื™ืจื ืฉื™ืžืฉื” ืœื”ื ื›ืžื—ืกื•ื ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืชื—ื–ืง ื‘ื“ืจืš ื˜ื•ืžืืชื ื‘ืœื ื”ืคืจืขื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจื”ื•ืจื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ื ืงื™ืคื•ืช ืžืฆืคื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืžื”ื”ืืจื” ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ื”ืžืงื™ืคื”. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื™ืจื™ื—ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืžื ืขื•ืœ ืฉืขืฆืจ ื‘ืขื“ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืืจืฅ ื•ืœื’ืœื•ืช ื‘ื” ืืช ื“ื‘ืจ ื”' (ืขื™' ื‘ืžื“"ืจ ื˜ื•, ื˜ื•). ื•ืฆื™ื•ื•ื” ื”' ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื”ืงื™ืฃ ืืช ื™ืจื™ื—ื• ื•ืœื’ืœื•ืช ื‘ื›ืš ืืช ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ ืฉืžืงื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช, ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ื ืคืœื• ื—ื•ืžื•ืช ื™ืจื™ื—ื•, ื•ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ื‘ืฉื• ืืช ื™ืจื™ื—ื• ื•ื™ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืฉื‘ื˜ื‘ืข.
ื›ืžื• ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืืจืฅ, ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืืจืชื” ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช, ืžืชื’ืœื” ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืฉื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื˜ื‘ืข, ื›ืš ื’ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื›ื” ืฉื—ื•ืคืคืช ืขืœ ื”ืื“ื, ืžื’ืœื” ืืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืฉื‘ื˜ื‘ืข, ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื” ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื, ื›ืื›ื™ืœื” ื•ืฉื™ื ื”, ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฆื•ื•ื”.
ื•ื–ื”ื• ืฉืชืงื ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืœืขืจื•ืš ื”ืงืคื•ืช ื‘ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื—, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื™ืœ ืืช ื—ื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ืžืื” ืฉื—ื•ืกืžื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ ืžืœื”ืื™ืจ ืืœื™ื ื•, ื•ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืืจืช ื”ืื•ืจ ืฉืžืงื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื”, ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืชื’ื“ืœ ื‘ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืฉื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื˜ื‘ืข.

ื™ - ืžื ื”ื’ ื”ื”ืงืคื•ืช ื›ื™ื•ื
ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ื—ืจื‘ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, ื ื”ื’ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ื›ืจ ืœืžืงื“ืฉ, ื•ืœืงื™ื™ื ื”ืงืคื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื›ื ืกืช. ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืขืœ ื›ืš ืชืงื ื” ืžืกื•ื“ืจืช, ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื’ืื•ื ื™ื ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ืงืคื•ืช, ื•ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื ืชืงื‘ืข ืžื ื”ื’ ืื—ื“ ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ.
ืžื ื™ื—ื™ื ืืช ืกืคืจ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืžื”, ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืงื”ืœ ืื•ื—ื– ื‘ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ื•ืžืงื™ืฃ ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืžื” ืคืขื ืื—ืช, ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ืฉื‘ืข ืคืขืžื™ื. ื•ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืžืงื™ืคื™ื ืืช ืกืคืจ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ื—ืจื‘ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืžื–ื‘ื—, ืฉื”ืœื•ืžื“ ืืช ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ืžื™ ืฉืžืงืจื™ื‘ ืื•ืชื ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื—. ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื—ื•ื‘ืจื• ืœื”ืงืคื•ืช ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ื ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ืช ื”ืชื—ื™ื ื” "ื”ื•ืฉื™ืขื” ื ื" ื•"ืื ื™ ื•ื”ื• ื”ื•ืฉื™ืขื” ื ื", ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื”ืงืคื•ืช, ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ื”ืงืคื•ืช ื•ืœืื—ืจื™ื”ืŸ, ื›ืœ ืขื“ื” ืœืคื™ ืžื ื”ื’ื”.
ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ื”ืจื•ื•ื— ืฉืื—ื“ ืื•ื—ื– ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืœ ื”ื”ืงืคื•ืช (ื—ื™ื“"ื, ืคืž"ื’), ื•ื‘ื—ืœืง ืžืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืกืคืจื“ื™ื ืœื ื”ืงืคื™ื“ื• ืขืœ ื›ืš (ื›ื”"ื— ืชืจืก, ื•).
ืžื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืœื•ืœื‘ ืื™ื ื• ืžืงื™ืฃ (ืจืž"ื ืชืจืก, ื‘; ื‘ืจื›"ื™; ื›ื”"ื— ื™ื’). ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืš, ื™ืฉ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ ืื“ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืœื•ืœื‘ ืขื ืกืคืจ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœื™ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืžื”.
ื”ื”ืงืคื•ืช ื ืขืฉื•ืช ื“ืจืš ื™ืžื™ืŸ, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื›ืฉืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืขื ื”ืคื ื™ื ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืžื” - ืคื•ื ื™ื ืœื™ืžื™ืŸ (ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจืก, ื; ืž"ื‘ ื’).
ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื›ืžื• ื‘ืขืช ื ื˜ื™ืœืช ื”ืœื•ืœื‘ ื›ืš ื’ื ื‘ืขืช ื”ื”ืงืคื•ืช ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืื—ื•ื– ืืช ื”ืœื•ืœื‘ ื‘ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื•ืืช ื”ืืชืจื•ื’ ื‘ืฉืžืืœ ื›ืฉื”ื ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ื–ื” ื‘ื–ื” (ืจื•ืงื—, ืžื”ืจื™"ืœ, ื‘ื"ื—). ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืžื™ ืฉื ืฆืจืš ืœืื—ื•ื– ื‘ืกื™ื“ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ื“ ืื—ืช, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืื—ื•ื– ืืช ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื“ื• ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” (ื™ืคื” ืœืœื‘; ื’ื™ื ืช ื•ืจื“ื™ื). ื•ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื.
ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืืช ืืจื•ืŸ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืคืชื•ื— ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ื”ืงืคื•ืช (ืงืฆื•ืฉ"ืข ืงืœื–, ื™ื).
ื›ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฉื ืกืคืจ ืชื•ืจื” ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื™ืงื™ืคื• (ื‘ื›ื•ืจื™ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืชืจืก, ื‘), ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื™ืงื™ืคื• ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืžื” ื‘ืœื ืกืคืจ (ื‘ื"ื— ื”ืื–ื™ื ื• ื˜ื•).
ืžื ื”ื’ ืกืคืจื“ื™ื ื•ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื ืœื”ืงื™ืฃ ืœืื—ืจ ืืžื™ืจืช ื”ื”ืœืœ ื•ืœืคื ื™ ืืžื™ืจืช ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืชืชืงื‘ืœ (ื›ื”"ื— ืชืจืก, ื“). ื•ืžื ื”ื’ ืžืงืฆืช ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ื ืœื”ืงื™ืฃ ืื—ืจ ืชืคื™ืœืช ืžื•ืกืฃ (ืขื•ืœืช ืจืื™ื” ื—"ื‘ ืขืž' ืฉืข).
ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืื™ืŸ ืžืงื™ืคื™ื, ื•ื™ืฉ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ื•ืฉืขื ื•ืช ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉืื™ื ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื (ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจืก, ื’; ื›ื”"ื— ื›ื’).
ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืื‘ืœ ื‘ืชื•ืš ืฉื ืชื• ืขืœ ืื‘ื™ื• ืื• ืื™ืžื• ืื™ื ื• ืžืงื™ืฃ, ื›ื™ ื”ื”ืงืคื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืœืฉืžื—ื” ื ืชืงื ื• (ืจืž"ื ืชืจืก, ื‘; ืž"ื‘ ื˜). ื•ืจื‘ื™ื ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื’ื ืื‘ืœ ืžืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ื”ืงืคื•ืช (ื‘"ื™, ื”ืืจ"ื™, ื—"ื ืงืžื—, ื™ื˜). ื•ื›ืš ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื›ืœ ื™ื•ืฆืื™ ืกืคืจื“ ื•ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื™ื•ืฆืื™ ืืฉื›ื ื– (ื’ืฉืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื›, ื’, ื•).



^ 1.. ื™ืฉ ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื›ืฉื ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืžื™ืŸ ืขืœ ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื, ื›ืš ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื”ื“ืก ืฉื•ื˜ื” (ื‘ื”"ื’). ื•ื™ืฉ ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžื™ืŸ ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื•ื”ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื”ื“ืกื™ื ืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ืจืฉืื™ (ืจื‘ ื ื˜ืจื•ื ืื™ ื’ืื•ืŸ ื•ืจื‘ ืคืœื˜ื•ื™ ื’ืื•ืŸ), ื•ื›ืš ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืขื•ืœื™ ืชื™ืžืŸ.
^ 2.. ื‘ื‘ืœื™ ืกื•ื›ื” ืœื–, ื‘: "ืžื•ืœื™ืš ื•ืžื‘ื™ื ืžืขืœื” ื•ืžื•ืจื™ื“". "ืžื•ืœื™ืš ื•ืžื‘ื™ื - ืœืžื™ ืฉื”ืืจื‘ืข ืจื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื•, ืžืขืœื” ื•ืžื•ืจื™ื“ - ืœืžื™ ืฉื”ืฉืžื™ื ื•ื”ืืจืฅ ืฉืœื•". ืœื“ืขืช ืจื‘ื™ื ืœืžื“ื ื• ืžื›ืืŸ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื ืขื ืข ืœืืจื‘ืข ืจื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ืœืžื˜ื” (ืฉื‘ื•ืœื™ ื”ืœืงื˜, ืจื"ืฉ ื’, ื›ื•). ื•ื›ืš ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ื”ืจื•ื•ื— (ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจื ื, ื˜). ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ื›ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•, ืžื•ืœื™ืš ื•ืžื‘ื™ื ื›ื ื’ื“ื•, ื•ืžืขืœื” ื•ืžื•ืจื™ื“, ื‘ืœื ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœืืจื‘ืข ืจื•ื—ื•ืช (ืจืžื‘"ื ื–, ื™; ืจื™ื˜ื‘"ื). ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื ื”ื’ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืชื™ืžื ื™ื (ืžื”ืจื™"ืฅ). ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื ืขื ื•ืขื™ื ืœืžื“ื ื• ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ื’, ื—: "ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื ืขื ืข ืฉืœืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื•ื“ื‘ืจ". ื™ืฉ ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ืขืช ืฉืžื•ืœื™ืš ืžื ืขื ืข ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื ื›ืฉื”ืœื•ืœื‘ ืจื—ื•ืง ืžื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ื•ืื—"ื› ืžื‘ื™ื ื•ืžื ืขื ืข ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื ื›ืฉื”ืœื•ืœื‘ ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœื’ื•ืฃ (ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจื ื, ื˜), ื•ื™ืฉ ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืžื•ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื•ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื (ืจืž"ื), ื•ื”ืืจ"ื™ ืชืžืš ื‘ืžื ื”ื’ ื–ื”, ื•ื›ืš ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—. ื•ื™ืฉ ืžื“ืงื“ืงื™ื ืœืฆืืช ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืชื™ ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช, ื•ืžื•ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื•ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืœื›ืœ ืฆื“ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื, ื•ื‘ืื—ืช ื”ืคืขืžื™ื ืžื ืขื ืขื™ื ืืช ื”ืœื•ืœื‘ ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืจื—ื•ืง ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื, ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื ืขื ืขื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœื’ื•ืฃ (ื‘"ื—, ืจืฉ"ืœ, ื˜"ื– ื•ื‘ื›ื•ืจื™ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืชืจื ื, ืœื’). ื™ืฉ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื ืขื ืข ืœืืจื‘ืข ืจื•ื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืคื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืœืืจื‘ืข ืจื•ื—ื•ืช (ืžื”ืจื™"ืœ, ื"ืจ ืชืจื ื, ื›ื“; ืž"ื‘ ืœื–). ื•ื™ืฉ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื’ื ืœื”ืคื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืœืืจื‘ืข ืจื•ื—ื•ืช (ืžืืž"ืจ ื™ื’; ื›ื”"ื— ืฆื•). ื•ืžื ื”ื’ ื”ืืจ"ื™ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื ืขื ื•ืข ืžื”ื—ื–ื”, ืงืจื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืžื ื”ื’ ื–ื” (ืขื™' ืฉืขื”"ืฆ ืžื˜).
^ 3.. ื™ืฉ ืžื™ื•ืฆืื™ ืืฉื›ื ื– ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืฉื’ื ื”ื—ื–ืŸ ืžื ืขื ืข ื‘ืขืช ืืžื™ืจืช ืฉื ื™ ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื - "ื™ืืžืจื• ื ื ื‘ื™ืช ืื”ืจืŸ" ื•"ื™ืืžืจื• ื ื ื™ืจืื™ ื”'", ืื’ื‘ ื›ืš ืฉื”ืงื”ืœ ืžื ืขื ืข (ื›ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืชื•ืก' ืกื•ื›ื” ืœื–, ื‘, 'ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื•'), ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ื‘ื›ื•ืจื™ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืชืจื ื, ืœื‘, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืžื ื”ื’ื.
ืœืžื ื”ื’ ื™ื•ืฆืื™ ืกืคืจื“ ื”ืงื”ืœ ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืขืœ ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื, ื›ืš ืฉืžืžื™ืœื ื™ืฉ ืฉื ืจืง 'ื”ื•ื“ื•' ืื—ื“. ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืคื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืœื›ื” ื–ืžื ื™ื ื, 17, ื‘ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื ืœืขื ื™ื™ืช ื”ืงื”ืœ.
^ 4.. ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืคื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืœื›ื” ืชืคื™ืœืช ื ืฉื™ื ื‘, ื—, 9. ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื ื”ื’ ืกืคืจื“ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืœื•ืœื‘, ื“ืขืช ื”ื—ื™ื“"ื, ืฉื ืฉื™ื ืžื‘ืจื›ื•ืช, ื•ื›"ื› ื–ื›ื•ืจ ืœืื‘ืจื”ื; ืจื‘ ืคืขืœื™ื ื—"ื ืกื•"ื™ ื™ื‘; ื›ื”"ื— ืชืงืคื˜, ื›ื’. ื•ื›ืŸ ื ื”ื’ื• ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื”ืจื‘ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื” ื”ื“ืื™ื”. ื•ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉืืฉ ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืฉืžืฉ ื•ืžื’ืŸ ื—"ื‘ ืขื‘, ื’, ืฉืจืฉืื™ื•ืช ืœื‘ืจืš. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืœืคื™ ื”ืฉื•"ืข ืื™ืŸ ืžื‘ืจื›ื•ืช, ื•ื—ื™ื–ืง ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื‘ื™ื‘ื™"ื ื—"ื ืœื˜-ืžื‘, ื•ื—"ื” ืžื’.
^ 5.. ื›ืคื™ ืฉืœืžื“ื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ ื“, ื™ื’, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืœื•ืœื‘ ืฉืื•ืœ, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื–ื”ืจ ืฉืœื ืœื”ืงื ื•ืชื• ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœืงื˜ืŸ, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื• ืœื”ืงื ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื–ืจื”, ื ืžืฆื ืฉืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื™ืงื ื” ืืช ื”ืœื•ืœื‘, ืฉื•ื ืื“ื ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ. ืืžื ื ืื—ืจ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืงื™ื™ืžื• ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืงื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืœื•ืœื‘ ืœืงื˜ืŸ (ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจื ื—, ื•), ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื’ื ืื– ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืฉืœื ืœื”ืงื ื•ืชื• ืœืงื˜ืŸ, ืฉืžื ื™ื’ื™ืข ืื“ื ืฉื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื ื•ื˜ืœื• (ื"ืจ ื™). ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื, ืฉื”ืงื˜ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ืœื•ืœื‘ ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœื•, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืื™ื ื ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืชื ื‘ืœื•ืœื‘ ืฉืื•ืœ (ืž"ื, ื"ืจ, ืคืž"ื’ ื•ื—"ื). ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื’ื ื‘ืœื•ืœื‘ ืฉืื•ืœ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื—ื ื›ื• ืœืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ื•ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ืืฃ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ืจืš ืขืœื™ื• (ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ื™ืฉืข, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžืฉืžืข ืžืžืจื“ื›ื™, ืจืื‘"ืŸ ื•ืฉื•"ืข, ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืฉืขื”"ืฆ ืชืจื ื—, ืœื•). ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœื™ื”ื.
^ 6.. ืกื•ื›ื” ืœื–, ื‘: "ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื”: ื”ื“ืก ืฉืœ ืžืฆื•ื” ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืจื™ื— ื‘ื•, ืืชืจื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืžืฆื•ื” - ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืจื™ื— ื‘ื•. ืžืื™ ื˜ืขืžื? ื”ื“ืก ื“ืœืจื™ื—ื ืงืื™, ื›ื™ ืืงืฆื™ื™ื” - ืžืจื™ื—ื ืืงืฆื™ื™ื”, ืืชืจื•ื’ ื“ืœืื›ื™ืœื” ืงืื™ - ื›ื™ ืืงืฆื™ื™ื” ืžืื›ื™ืœื” ืืงืฆื™ื™ื”". ื›ืืฉืจ ื ื•ื˜ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืืชืจื•ื’ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื”, ืžื•ืชืจ ื›ื“ืจืš ืื’ื‘ ื’ื ืœื”ืจื™ื— ืื•ืชื•, ืืœื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื ืขืœื™ื•, ื›ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืจื™ื— ืคืจื™ ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืื›ื™ืœืชื•. ื•ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื™ืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฉืขื” ืœื™ื˜ืœื• ื’ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืจื™ื—ื•, ื›ื™ ืื– ืœืจืื‘ื™"ื”, ืจืื‘"ืŸ ื•ืจื•ืงื—, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ืจืš ืขืœื™ื•, ื•ืœื”"ืจ ืฉืžื—ื” ืœื ื™ื‘ืจืš, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื• ืœืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืžื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ืžืขืœืช ื”ืจื™ื— ืฉื‘ื•. ื•ื›ืชื‘ ืจื‘ื ื• ืคืจืฅ ืฉื›ื“ื™ ืœืฆืืช ืžื”ืกืคืง ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื›ื–ื” ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืœื”ืจื™ื— ื‘ื•, ื•ื›"ื› ื‘ืฉื•"ืข ืจื˜ื–, ื™ื“; ืชืจื ื’, ื. ืื‘ืœ ืื ื ื˜ืœื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืื—ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืจื™ื— ื‘ื•, ืœืจื•ื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ืจืฉ"ืœ, ืž"ื ื•ื—ื•ื•ืช ื™ืื™ืจ, ื™ื‘ืจืš. ื•ืืžื ื ืœืจื‘ื ื• ืฉืžื—ื”, ื˜"ื–, ื"ืจ, ื—"ื, ืกื“ื‘ื”"ื , ืœื ื™ื‘ืจืš, ืืš ื”ืขื™ืงืจ ื›ื“ืขืช ื”ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื‘ืจืš, ืฉื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืคืฉื˜ ื”ื’ืžืจื ืกื•ื›ื” ืœื–, ื‘, ื•ื›"ื› ื‘ืž"ื‘ ืจื˜ื–, ื ื‘; ื•ื‘ื‘ืื•"ื” 'ื”ืžืจื™ื—', ื—ื–ื•"ืข ื”ืœ' ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืขืž' ืฉื›ื–. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš, ืžื™ ืฉืจื’ื™ืœ ืœื”ืจื™ื— ื‘ืืชืจื•ื’ื• ื•ืœื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ื›ืš, ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื›ืžื™ ืฉืžืชื ื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืฉืœื ืœื”ืงืฆื•ืช ืžื›ืš ืืช ื”ืืชืจื•ื’, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ื’ื ืœืžื—ืžื™ืจื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื• ืœื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ืจื™ื—ื• (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืื•"ื” ืชืจืกื“, ื˜, 'ืื').
^ 7.. ื‘ืกื•ื›ื” ืžื•, ื‘, ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืฉืžื™ ืฉื™ื™ืขื“ ืฉื‘ืขื” ืืชืจื•ื’ื™ื ืœืฉื‘ืขืช ื™ืžื™ ื”ื—ื’, ื ืขืฉื” ื›ืœ ืืชืจื•ื’ ืžื•ืงืฆื” ืœืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ื™ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืื•ืชื•, ื•ื›ืฉื™ืกืชื™ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื•ื, ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืื•ื›ืœื•, ื•ื›ืŸ ื ืคืกืง ื‘ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจืกื”, ื‘. ื•ืื ื”ืชื ื” ืžืจืืฉ ืฉืœื ื™ื—ื•ืœ ืขืœ ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ื“ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืงืฆื”, ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื ืฉื•ื ืื™ืกื•ืจ. ื•ื‘ื™ืืจ ื‘ื‘ืื•"ื” ืชืจืกื“, ื˜, 'ืื', ืฉืืžื ื ืœื“ืขืช ืชื•ืก' ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื—ืกืจ ืคืกื•ืœ ื‘ื•, ื”ืชื ืื™ ืœื ืžื•ืขื™ืœ, ื•ืจืง ืœืฉืืจ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืชื ืื™ ืžื•ืขื™ืœ. ืื‘ืœ ืœื“ืขืช ืจืฉื‘"ื, ืจ"ืŸ ื•ื™ืจืื™ื, ื’ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืชื ืื™ ืžื•ืขื™ืœ. ื•ื“ืขื” ื–ื• ื”ื•ื‘ืื” ื‘ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจืกื“, ื˜.
^ 8.. ื ื—ืœืงื• ื‘ื’ืžืจื ืกื•ื›ื” ืžื’, ื‘, ื•ื‘ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื‘ืžื” ื”ื™ื• ืžืงื™ืคื™ื ื‘ืžืงื“ืฉ. ืœืจืฉ"ื™ ื”ื”ืงืคื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืขืจื‘ื•ืช, ื•ื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ืชื•ืก' ืฉื”ืงื™ืคื• ื‘ืขืจื‘ื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื–ืงืคื• ืื•ืชืŸ ื‘ืฆื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื—. ื•ืœื“ืขืช ืจืžื‘"ื (ืœื•ืœื‘ ื–, ื›ื‘-ื›ื’) ื•ืจ"ืŸ, ื”ืงื™ืคื• ื‘ืœื•ืœื‘. ื•ื›ืชื‘ ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉืžื ื”ื’ ื”ืขืจื‘ื” ืœื–ืงื•ืฃ ืื•ืชืŸ ื‘ืฆื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ื•ืœื ืœื”ืงื™ืฃ ื‘ื”ืŸ. ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื ื”ื’ื ื• ื›ื™ื•ื, ืฉืื ื• ืžืงื™ืคื™ื ื‘ืœื•ืœื‘, ื•ื‘ื”ื•ืฉืขื ื ืจื‘ื” ื ื•ื˜ืœื™ื ืขืจื‘ื”. (ืืžื ื ืœืฉื•"ืข ืชืจืกื“, ื’, ืžืงื™ืคื™ื ื‘ื”ื•ืฉืขื ื ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืขืจื‘ื•ืช).
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ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“

ืจืืฉ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื”ืจ ื‘ืจื›ื” ื•ืจื‘ ื”ื™ืฉื•ื‘. ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืกื“ืจืช ืกืคืจื™ "ืคื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืœื›ื”".
ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืœื›ื•ืชื™ื”ื
ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืœื›ื•ืชื™ื”ื
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื

ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืžื”ื™ืจ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“
     ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“
  • ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืคื™ืจื ื–ืฆื•ืง"ืœ
     ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืคื™ืจื ื–ืฆื•ืง"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืืจื™ืืœ
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืืจื™ืืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืื•ืจื™ ืฉืจืงื™
     ื”ืจื‘ ืื•ืจื™ ืฉืจืงื™
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื‘ ื‘ืขืจืœ ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื‘ ื‘ืขืจืœ ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ื ื™ ืืœื•ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ื ื™ ืืœื•ืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื‘ื™ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื•ืจืฅ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื‘ื™ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื•ืจืฅ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืœื™ื™ื‘ ื’ืจื•ื ืจ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืœื™ื™ื‘ ื’ืจื•ื ืจ
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    35 ื“ืง'
    ื—ืงืช

    ืกื•ื“ ื”ืืžื•ื ื”, ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื•ื”ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™

    ืฉื™ื—ืช ืžื•ืฆ"ืฉ ืคืจืฉืช ื—ื•ืงืช

    ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ืžืืช ื”ืžื•ื•ืช, ืขื ื™ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ืœืื•ืจ ื—ื˜ืื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื•, ื™ื—ืก ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ื ืœืžืงื•ืจื - ืฉื™ื•ื™ืชื™ ื”' ืœื ื’ื“ื™ ืชืžื™ื“, ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–"ืœ ื”ืคืกื•ืง "ืืช ื•ื”ื‘ ื‘ืกื•ืคื”..."

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื”' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืคื•
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    33 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื”

    ื”ืžืฉืš ื—ื˜ื ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืœืคื™ ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื

    ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืคืจืฉืช ื—ื•ืงืช ื—ืœืง ื‘'

    ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืžื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืคื™ ืžื“ืจืฉ ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื’ื’ื•ืช ืฉืžืฉื” ืฉื’ื’, ื•ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืื™ืš ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื˜ืขื”.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ | ื’' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    31 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื”

    ื—ื˜ื ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื•

    ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืคืจืฉืช ื—ื•ืงืช ื—ืœืง ื'

    ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืชืœื•ื ื ื• ื›ืžื” ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ืœืžืฉื” ืขืœ ื–ื” ืฉืžืฉื” ืœืงื— ืื•ืชื ื“ืจืš ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจ. ืขืฉืจื” ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื™ื ืœื—ื˜ื ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ืœืคื™ ืžืคืจืฉื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื“ื•ื—ื” ืืช ื›ื•ืœื.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš

    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš โ€“ ื—ืงืช

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 606

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 606

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืคืจืฉืช ืฉื‘ื•ืข

    ืœื›ืœ ืื™ืฉ ื™ืฉ ืฉื. ืขืœ ื“ืช, ืจื ื•ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื›ืจืžืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ื—ืžื“ืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช

    ืžื’ืข ืžืื›ืœื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ื ื›ืœื™ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื›ืœื™ ืฉื ื™, ื•ืขื™ืจื•ื™

    ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ืฆืœืืœ ื“ื ื™ืืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ื—ืงืช

    ืœืžื” ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื”ืคืš ืœื ื™ื™ืจ ื—ืกืจ ืขืจืš?

    ื”ืจื‘ ื ืชื ืืœ ื™ื•ืกื™ืคื•ืŸ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืœื ื˜ืจื’ื“ื™ื”, ืฆืžื™ื—ื”

    ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉืžื–ื”ื™ืจื™ื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืงื™ืขืชื• ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืฉืŸ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜, ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ืžืกืคืจืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืื—ืจ: ืขื•ืœื ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื ื™, ืืฉืจ ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืืชื’ืจื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื™ื, ื—ื•ื•ื” ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืคืจื™ื—ื” ื—ืกืจืช ืชืงื“ื™ื ื•ืžืขืžื™ื“ ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืœื›ืชื™ืช ืžืขืฉื™ืช ืœืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™

    ื”ืจื‘ ืื•ืจื™ ืกื“ืŸ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืฆื‘ื

    ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื ื”

    ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื”ืžื’ื“ืจื™ืช ื‘ืฆื‘ื ืื™ื ื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉืœ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื. ืชื ืื™ ื”ืœื—ื™ืžื”, ื”ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื•ื”ืงืจื‘ื” ื”ืžืžื•ืฉื›ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ืฉืืœืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื“ื™ื ื™ ืฆื ื™ืขื•ืช ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืื—ืจืช

    ื”ืจื‘ ืขื–ืจื™ืืœ ืืจื™ืืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” - ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื

    ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ืื‘ ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื‘ื ื• ืื•ืžื ื•ืช, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืžืงืฆื•ืข | ื’ื ืื ื”ื‘ืŸ ื™ื‘ื—ืจ ืœื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื• ืœืชื•ืจื”, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื˜ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืื‘ ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื‘ื ื• ืื•ืžื ื•ืช | ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉื”' ืžื‘ื™ื ืœืื“ื ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ืจื™ืฆื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• | ื”ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื›ืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ื”ืฉื | ื”ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืื—ื“ ืžืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื• ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื, ืฉื ื‘ืจื "ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื•ืœืฉื•ืžืจื”", ื•ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ืขื‘ื™ืจื”

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื-ืช ืค"ืฉ

    ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื-ืช-ืค"ืฉ ืคืจืฉืช ื—ืงืช

    ื•ึทื™ึตึผืฉึถืื‘ ื‘ึฐึผืึถืจึถืฅ ื˜ื•ึนื‘. ืžื”ื™ ืฉืžื” ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ืฉืžื” | ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื™ื, ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ ื•ืฉื™ืจืช ืžืฉื” ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืื–ื™ื ื• | ืžื” ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ื ื™ื— ืืช ื ื—ืฉ ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉืช ืขืœ ืขืžื“ื•, ื•ืจืง ื—ื–ืงื™ื”ื• ืžืœืš ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืขืžื“ ื•ืฉื‘ืจื• ืฉืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืื•ืชื• | ืจืื™ื” ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื” ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืจื•ืฆื— ื ืคืฉ ื‘ืฉื’ื’ื”. ื•ืขื•ื“!

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ - ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืœืžืŸ ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื

    ื™ืกื•ื“ ื•ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช

    ื“ืจืš ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื’' ืคืกืงื” ื”-ื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžื‘ืืจ ื›ื™ ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืžื•ืฉืชืช ืขืœ ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ืขืจืš ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ ื•ื”ืชืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืจืื•. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืจื‘ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืขืžื•ืงื” ื–ื• ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžืชืžื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ื•ื“ื‘ื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืจ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™, ืฉืฉื™ืื• ื•ื”ืฉืœืžืชื• ื‘ืื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ื”ืคื™ื›ืช ื”ืจืข ืœื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืฉืš ืœืื•ืจ.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    33 ื“ืง'
    ืžืืžืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™

    ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื•ืจื™ื

    ืžืืžืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื”ืžืฉืš ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืคืกืงื” ื–'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืงื™ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื ื“ืžื•ืช ืฉื›ืœืชื ื™ื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืื‘ ื•ืื ื•ื‘ืจื™ืช ืžื™ืœื”, ืชื•ืš ื”ื“ื’ืฉื” ืฉื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ ื›ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™. ื“ืจืš ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžื”ื’ืžืจื, ืคืกื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ ืกืคืจ ื”ื›ื•ื–ืจื™, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉืช ื”ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื”ืขืœ-ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืืœื•.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื‘ื™ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื•ืจืฅ | ื›"ื’ ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    33 ื“ืง'
    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉ"ืก

    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืงื“ืฉื•ืช

    ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ื”ืงื“ืฉื•ืช ืื™ื ื ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืจืง ืœืกื“ืจ ืงื“ืฉื™ื, ืืœื ื’ื ืœื ื“ืจื™ื ื•ืœื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช. ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ื‘ืื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื“ืžื™ื ืœืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืคื” ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื›ืœื™, ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื™ืจื•ืช, ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื ื™ืกื™ื ื–ืื’ื | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ

    ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื

    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืคืจืง ื”, ืคืกืงื” ื–-ื—

    ื™ืฉื ื” ื“ื•- ืกื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื—ืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ืื“ื ื•ืจืฆื•ื ื• ืœื”ื™ื˜ื™ื‘: ื”ืŸ ืžืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ื–ื• ืืช ื–ื• ื‘ื”ื“ื“ื™ื•ืช.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    30 ื“ืง'
    ื—ืงืช

    ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืกืœืข ืื• ื”ื›ืืชื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    10 ื“ืง'
    ื›ื”ื ื™ื

    ื‘ืจื›ืช ื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื - ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืœื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    1:00
    ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ืš - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•

    ืคืจืฉืช ื—ืงืช ืชืฉืค"ื• โ€“ ื”ื’ื™ืข ื–ืžืŸ ื’ืื•ืœืชื›ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื• | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    23 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื•

    ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ "ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘" ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื ื•ืชืง ืžื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืžืขืฉื™ืช, ื•ืžื‘ืงืจ ืืช ื”ื ืฆืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื—ืจื” ืœื”ื™ืฉืขืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืชื•ืš ื ื˜ื™ืฉืช ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืืœ ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื•ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœืกืœื•ืœ ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื•ืœื”ืืจืช ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœืŸ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื’' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    35 ื“ืง'
    ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช

    ื ืคื™ืœืช ืืคื™ื™ื - ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื•ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื
ืื–ื•ืจ ืื™ืฉื™

ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœืš, ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื‘ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ื•ืœื”ืžืฉืš ืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื• ืขื–ื‘ืช ืื•ืชืŸ.

ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il