ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืžื“ื•ืจื™ื
  • ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื-ืช ืค"ืฉ
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
  • ืคืจืฉืช ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื•ืชื "ืš
  • ื—ื•ืžืฉ ื•ื™ืงืจื
  • ื•ื™ืงืจื
undefined
12 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ื‘ืก"ื“ ื’' ื ื™ืกืŸ ื”ืชืฉืค"ื•
ืžืคื˜ื™ืจ ืขึทื ื–ื•ึผ ื™ึธืฆึทืจึฐืชึดึผื™ ืœึดื™ (ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ืžื’ ื›ื)
ืคืจืฉืช ื•ื™ืงืจื
ืขืœื•ืŸ ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ืขืœ ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื ื“ื™ื•ืžื ืžืžืคืจืฉื™ ื•ืžื“ืจืฉื™ ื—ื–"ืœ
ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื•ื™ืงืจื 111 ืคืกื•ืงื™ื = ืึถืœ ื™ึฐืกื•ึนื“
ื•ึฐืึถืช ื“ึธึผืžื•ึน ื™ึดืฉึฐืืคึนึผืšึฐ ืึถืœ ื™ึฐืกื•ึนื“ ืžึดื–ึฐื‘ึทึผื— ื”ึธืขึนืœึธื”. (ื“ ื›ื”)
ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื•ื™ืงืจื 16 ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ืžืชื•ื›ืŸ 11 ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืขืฉื” ื•-5 ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืœื ืชืขืฉื”. (ืกืคืจ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš)

ืขืฉื”: ืžืขืฉื” ื”ืขื•ืœื” โ€ข ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืžื ื—ื” โ€ข ืžืœื™ื—ืช ื”ืงืจื‘ืŸ โ€ข ืงืจื‘ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ืื ื˜ืขื• ื‘ื”ื•ืจืื” โ€ข ืงืจื‘ืŸ ื—ื˜ืืช ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉืฉื’ื’ ื‘ืžืฆื•ืช ืœื ืชืขืฉื” ืฉื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ื” ื›ืจืช โ€ข ืขื“ื•ืช โ€ข ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืขื•ืœื” ื•ื™ื•ืจื“ โ€ข ืชื•ืกืคืช ื—ื•ืžืฉ ืœืื•ื›ืœ ืžืŸ ื”ื”ืงื“ืฉ ืื• ืžื•ืขืœ ื‘ื• โ€ข ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืืฉื ืชืœื•ื™ โ€ข ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืืฉื ื•ื“ืื™ โ€ข ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื”ื’ื–ืœ.
ืœื ืชืขืฉื”: ืฉืœื ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืฉืื•ืจ ืื• ื“ื‘ืฉ โ€ข ืฉืœื ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืงืจื‘ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ ืžืœื— โ€ข ืฉืœื ืœื”ื‘ื“ื™ืœ ื”ืจืืฉ ื‘ื—ื˜ืืช ื”ืขื•ืฃ โ€ข ืฉืœื ืœื™ืชืŸ ืฉืžืŸ ื–ื™ืช ื‘ืžื ื—ืช ื—ื•ื˜ื โ€ข ืฉืœื ืœื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ื•ื ื” ื‘ืžื ื—ืช ื—ื•ื˜ื.
ืงื™"ื ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื•ื™ืงืจื - ื›ื ื’ื“ื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืง' ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื, ื•ื™"ื ื‘ืจื•ืš ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืฉื ื‘ื‘ืจื•ืš ืฉืืžืจ, ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ื›ืœ ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช.
ื "ื˜ ืคืขืžื™ื ื”' ื‘ื•ื™ืงืจื, ื›ืŸ ื "ื˜ ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ืึธื ึนื›ึดื™ ื™ึฐ-ื”ึนื•ึธื” ืึฑ-ืœึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ ื•-ืœึนื ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืœึฐืšึธ, ืœืžื“ ื›ืœ ื”ืžื•ื“ื” ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ื” ื‘ืืžื•ื ืชื• ื•ื›ื•ืคืจ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื”, ื•ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ืžืŸ ื”ื’ื™ื”ื ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื "ื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื’ืŸ ืขื“ืŸ. {ืขึตื“ึถืŸ ืึถื—ึธื“ ืžึดืฉึผืึดืฉึผืึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐื’ึตื™ื”ึดื ึผึธื โ€“ ืคืกื—ื™ื ืฆื“.}ื•ื›ืŸ ื "ื˜ ืคืขืžื™ื ืื‘ืจื”ื ื‘ื—ื•ืžืฉ, ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื ื” ืžื–ื‘ื—ื•ืช ื•ื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืชื™ื•. (ื”ืจื•ืงื—)

ื•ึทื™ึดึผืงึฐืจึธื ืึถืœ ืžึนืฉึถืื” ื•ึทื™ึฐื“ึทื‘ึตึผืจ ื™ึฐ-ื”ึนื•ึธื” ืึตืœึธื™ื• ืžึตืึนื”ึถืœ ืžื•ึนืขึตื“ ืœึตืืžึนืจ. (ื ื)
ืฉืืœื” โ€“ ืžื” ืขื ื™ืŸ ืกืžื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืคืจืฉื™ื•ืช, ืžื” ืขื ื™ืŸ ื' ื–ืขื™ืจื, ื•ืžื” ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืฉื™ื ื” ืคื” ืœื”ืฆืจื™ืš ื•ึทื™ึดึผืงึฐืจึธื ืึถืœ ืžึนืฉึถืื”, ื•ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืžึตืึนื”ึถืœ ื”ืœ"ืœ ื‘ึผึฐืึนื”ึถืœ ื›ื™ ื”ืฉื ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ื•ืžืฉื” ืฉื ื™ื”ื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ื•.
ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” โ€“ ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ ืœืขื™ืœ ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึธื›ึนืœ ืžึนืฉึถืื” ืœึธื‘ื•ึนื ืึถืœ ืึนื”ึถืœ ืžื•ึนืขึตื“ ื›ึดึผื™ ืฉึธืื›ึทืŸ ืขึธืœึธื™ื• ื”ึถืขึธื ึธืŸ ื•ื›ื•', ืื– ื”ื•ืฆืจืš ืœืงืจืื• ื•ืื—"ื› ื“ื™ื‘ืจ ืขื™ืžื•. ืืžื ื ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืื” ืืœื™ื• ื”ืงืจื™ืื” ื‘ืงื•ืœ ื ืžื•ืš ื”ื ืจืžื–ืช ื‘ื' ื–ืขื™ืจื ืฉื‘ืขืช ื”ืงืจื™ืื” ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ืฉืžืขื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืช ื”ืงื•ืœ ืœืคื™ ืฉืื™ื ื ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ืœื ื‘ื•ืื” ื•ืื—ืจ ืฉื ื›ื ืก ืื– ื•ึทื™ึฐื“ึทื‘ึตึผืจ ื™ึฐ-ื”ึนื•ึธื” ืึตืœึธื™ื• ื‘ืงื•ืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื›ื“ืจื›ื• ื•ื–ื” ื ืจืžื– ื‘ืžืœืช ื•ึทื™ึฐื“ึทื‘ึตึผืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื™ืคืš ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ืืžื™ืจื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ื—ืฉืื™ ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื— ื™ื–) ื•ึฐืึธืžึทืจึฐืชึธึผ ื‘ึดึผืœึฐื‘ึธื‘ึถืšึธ.
ื"ื  ื™ืจืžื•ื– ืขื ื•ื•ืชื ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ื›ื™ ื”ื’ื ืฉื“ืจืกื• ืจื’ืœื™ื• ื‘ืขืจืคืœ ื•ึทื™ึฐื”ึดื™ ืฉึธืื ืขึดื ื™ึฐ-ื”ึนื•ึธื” ื‘ื”ืจ ื›ื™ ื•ึทื™ึผึตื˜ ืฉืึธืžึทื™ึดื ื•ึทื™ึผึตืจึทื“ ื‘ื”ืจ ืฉื ื›ื ื•ื“ืข ื•ืžื” ื’ื ื‘ืื•ื”ืœ ืžื•ืขื“ ื”ืืจืฆื™ื™ ื•ืžื” ื–ื” ืœื ื‘ื ืืœ ื”ืื•ื”ืœ ื•ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื ื• ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื•ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืžื—ื•ืœืฉืชื• ืจืง ื›ึดึผื™ ืฉึธืื›ึทืŸ ืขึธืœึธื™ื• ื”ึถืขึธื ึธืŸ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ืœืื•ืจื— ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื”ื‘ื ืœืฉื›ื•ืŸ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืืจืฆื• ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืฉื ืชื™ื›ืฃ ืขื“ ื—ื ื•ืชื• ืฉื ื‘ืงื‘ืข ื•ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื•ื›ืฉื™ืชืŸ ืœื• ืจืฉื•ืช ื™ื›ื ืก ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ืชื• ื•ืื•ื”ืœื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœื ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ื•ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืืขืค"ื™ ืฉืžืฉืœื”ื ื ืขืฉื” ื•ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืจืง ืขื ื•ื•ืชื ื•ืช ื’ืžื•ืจื”. ื•ื ื•ื“ืข ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฉืคื™ืœ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืžื’ื‘ื™ื”ื• ื•ื–ื” ื™ื•ืจื” ื' ื–ืขื™ืจื ื›ื™ ืžืฉื” ื ืงืจื ื•ื•ืขื“ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ืกื•ื“ ื' ืจื‘ืชื™ ื”ืงื˜ื™ืŸ ืขืฆืžื• ื•ื ืขืฉื” ื' ื–ืขื™ืจื ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื–ื›ื” ื›ื™ ื•ึทื™ึดึผืงึฐืจึธื ืึถืœ ืžึนืฉึถืื” ื•ึทื™ึฐื“ึทื‘ึตึผืจ ื•ื›ื•'. ื•ื ืชืŸ ืœื• ื˜ืขื ื•ืืžืจ ืœื• ื›ืืฉืจ ืื“ืจื‘ื” ืžืกื™ื‘ืช ืฉืขืฉื” ื”ืื•ื”ืœ ืžื•ืขื“ ื”ื ืงืจื ื›ืŸ ืข"ืฉ (ืฉืžื•ืช ื›ื” ื›ื‘) ื•ึฐื ื•ึนืขึทื“ึฐืชึดึผื™ ืœึฐืšึธ ืฉึธืื ื•ึฐื“ึดื‘ึทึผืจึฐืชึดึผื™ ื•ืื ื›ืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ื”ืœ ืœื ื ืขืฉื” ืจืง ืœืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ืžื•ืขื“ ื‘ื™ืช ืื—ื“ ืืœ ื•ึฐื ื•ึนืขึทื“ึฐืชึดึผื™ ืื™ืš ืื™ื ืš ื ื›ื ืก ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืžื• ื•ื–ื”ื• ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ ืžึตืึนื”ึถืœ ืžืกื™ื‘ืช ื˜ืขื ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ื ืงืจื ืื•ื”ืœ ืžื•ืขื“ ืœืืžืจ ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืœืš ื•ื–"ืฉ ืœึตืืžึนืจ. ('ืขืฅ ื”ื“ืขืช ื˜ื•ื‘' ืœืžื”ืจื—"ื•)

ื“ึทึผื‘ึตึผืจ ืึถืœ ื‘ึฐึผื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ ื•ึฐืึธืžึทืจึฐืชึธึผ ืึฒืœึตื”ึถื ืึธื“ึธื ื›ึดึผื™ ื™ึทืงึฐืจึดื™ื‘ ืžึดื›ึถึผื ืงื‡ืจึฐื‘ึธึผืŸ ืœึทื™-ื”ึนื•ึธื” ืžึดืŸ ื”ึทื‘ึฐึผื”ึตืžึธื” ืžึดืŸ ื”ึทื‘ึธึผืงึธืจ ื•ึผืžึดืŸ ื”ึทืฆึนึผืืŸ ืชึทึผืงึฐืจึดื™ื‘ื•ึผ ืึถืช ืงื‡ืจึฐื‘ึทึผื ึฐื›ึถื. (ื ื‘)
ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช โ€“ ื”ื•ื ืœืงืจื‘ ื›ืœ ื”ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื ืฆื•ืžื— ื—ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืืœ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื”. ื”ื ื” ื”ืงืจื‘ืŸ โ€“ ื”ื—ื™, ื•ื”ืขืฆื™ื โ€“ ืฆื•ืžื—, ื•ื”ืžืœื— โ€“ ื“ื•ืžื, ื•ื”ืื“ื โ€“ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื‘ื ื‘ื›ื—ื• ืืœ ื”ืฉื ื™ืชื‘ืจืš, ื”ื ื” ื›ืœ ื”ื ืคืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ื“ื•ืžื ืฆื•ืžื— ื—ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื•ืœื ืžืชืงืจื‘ื™ื ืœืงื“ื•ืฉืชื• ื™ืช"ืฉ. ื•ื–ื” ื ืงืจื ืงื‡ืจึฐื‘ึธึผืŸ ืœึทื™-ื”ึนื•ึธื”, ืฉืžืงืจื‘ ื›ืœ ื”ืืจื‘ืข ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื ืคืฉื•ืช ืืœ ื“' ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื”ื ื›ื‘ื“. (ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืฉื›ืจ ืจืืฉ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืžืืžืจ ื‘ ืื•ืช ื’)
ื•ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ (ืž"ืจ ืฆื• ื) ื—ืœืงืช ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืœืขืฆื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื‘ื ื™ื”ืŸ, ื“ืชื ื™ื ืŸ ืชืžืŸ 'ื›ืœ ื”ืขืฆื™ื ื›ืฉืจื™ื ืœืžืขืจื›ื” ื—ื•ืฅ ืžืฉืœ ื–ื™ืช ื•ืฉืœ ื’ืคืŸ'. ืœืคื™ ืฉื‘ื—ื˜ื ืื“ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื ืคื’ื ื”ื›ืœ. ื•ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ืงื™ื™ื ื”ืื“ื ื ืชืงืŸ ืข"ื™ ื”ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ื•ื”ื‘ื”ืžื” ืข"ื™ ื”ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืขืฆืžื• ื•ื”ืฆื•ืžื— ืข"ื™ ืขืฆื™ ื”ืžืขืจื›ื” ื•ื”ืžื ื—ื•ืช ื•ื”ื ืกื›ื™ื ื•ื”ื“ื•ืžื ืข"ื™ ื”ืžืœื—. (ื—ืกื“ ืœืื‘ืจื”ื) ื•ื‘ื–ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœืชืช ื˜ืขื ืœืžื” ืฉืฉื ื™ื ื• (ืžืฉื ื” ืชืžื™ื“ ื‘ ื’) ื‘ึฐึผืึตืœึผื•ึผ ื”ื™ื• ืจึฐื’ึดื™ืœึดื™ืŸ ืœืกื“ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ื” ื‘ึฐึผืžึปืจึฐื‘ึดึผื™ึผื•ึนืช ืฉึถืืœ ืชึฐึผืึตื ึธื” ื•ึฐืฉึถืืœ ืึฑื’ื•ึนื–, ื•ึฐืฉึถืืœ ืขึตืฅ ืฉึถืืžึถืŸ. ื›ื™ ืขืฅ ื”ื“ืขืช ืœืž"ื“ ื”ื™ื” ืชืื ื” ื•ืื ื›ืŸ ืคื’ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืชืื ื” ื•ืœื›ืš ื”ื™ื• ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืœืกื“ืจ ื”ืžืขืจื›ื” ื‘ืžื•ืจื‘ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชืื ื” ื•ื›ืคืขื ื‘ืคืขื ืžืขืฆื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื. ื•ื’ืคืŸ ื•ื–ื™ืช ื”ื™ื• ื ืชืงื ื™ื ื‘ื ืกื›ื™ื ืฉืงืจื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื—. ื•ื–"ืฉ 'ื—ืœืงืช ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืœืขืฆื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื‘ื ื™ื”ืŸ' ืฉื”ื ื ืชืงื ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื ื”ื’ืคืŸ ื•ื”ื–ื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืฆื ืžื”ื ื•ึฐืจึตื™ื—ึท ื ื•ึผืจ ืœึธื ืขึฒื“ึธืช ื‘ึฐึผื”ื•ึนืŸ (ื“ื ื™ืืœ ื’ ื›ื–) ื•ื›ืŸ ืื”ืจืŸ ื™ืชื•ืงืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื• ื“ื‘ืจื ืžื–ื›ื™ ืื‘ื. (ืคื ื™ ื“ื•ื“)

ื•ืขืชื” ื‘ื’ืœื•ืช ืชืงื ื• ื”ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ื ื’ื“ ื”ืชืžื™ื“ื™ืŸ (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื›ื•:), ื•ื”ื ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื™ื—ื•ื“ ืฉื ื™-ื”ื•ื”. ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ืื“ื ื”ื•ื ืฆื™ื•ืจ ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ ื•ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื•ืื ื”ื•ื ื“ื‘ื•ืง ื‘ืงื™ื•ื ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื•ืฉื‘ื—ื•ืช, ื•ื”ื•ื ืชืžื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืžื•ื ืžืžื•ืžื™ ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืขื•ืช , ืื– ื”ื•ื ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืœื”'. (ืื•ืฆืจื•ืช ื”ืฉืœ"ื”)
ืึธื“ึธื ื›ึผึดื™ ื™ึทืงึฐืจึดื™ื‘ ืžึดื›ึผึถื ืงึธืจึฐื‘ึผึธืŸ. ืœึธืžึผึธื” ืึธืžึทืจ 'ืึธื“ึธื' ื•ึฐืœึนื ืึธืžึทืจ 'ืึดื™ืฉื'. ื™ึดืจึฐืฆึถื” ืœื•ึนืžึทืจ, ื›ึผึดื™ ื™ึถื—ึฐื˜ึธื ื”ึธืึธื“ึธื, ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ืึธื“ึธื ื”ึธืจึดืืฉืื•ึนืŸ ืฉืึถื”ึดืชึฐื—ึดื™ืœ ืœึทื—ึฒื˜ึนื, ื™ึทืงึฐืจึดื™ื‘ ืงึธืจึฐื‘ึผึธืŸ. (ืชื ื—ื•ืžื ื•ื™ืงืจื ื—)
ืฉืืœื” โ€“ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืžื” ื“ื™ืžื” ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื˜ื ืœืื“ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ.
ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” โ€“ ื”ื ื” ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืงืจื‘ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชื•ื•ื“ื•ืช ืขืœื™ื•, ื•ื›ืš ื™ื”ื™ื” ื ื›ื ืข ืœืคื ื™ ื”', ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื“ืข ื‘ื ืคืฉื• ื›ื™ ืžืจื“ ื‘ื”' ื•ื”ึทื ึถึผืคึถืฉื ื”ึทื—ึนื˜ึตืืช ื”ึดื™ื ืชึธืžื•ึผืช (ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ื™ื— ื“)
ืืœื ืฉื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืื“ื ืœื”ืชื ืฆืœ ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืœื‘ื• ื•ืœื”ืงื˜ื™ืŸ ื—ื˜ืื• ื•ืชื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข, ื•ึผืžึดื™ ืžึฐืขึทื›ึผึตื‘? - ืฉื‚ึฐืื•ึนืจ ืฉืึถื‘ึผึธืขึดื™ืกึผึธื” (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื™ื–.), ื•ื’ื ืื•ืžืจ ืืœ ืœื‘ื• ื”ึตืŸ ื‘ึฐึผืขึธื•ื•ึนืŸ ื—ื•ึนืœึธืœึฐืชึดึผื™ ื•ึผื‘ึฐื—ึตื˜ึฐื ื™ึถื—ึฑืžึทืชึฐื ึดื™ ืึดืžึดึผื™ (ืชื”ืœื™ื ื ื ื–), ืฉืžื‘ื˜ืŸ ืืžื• ืžืฉื•ืงืข ื‘ื™ืฆื”"ืจ, ื•ืื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ื›ืš ืœื ื™ืชื—ืจื˜ ื‘ืœื‘ ืฉืœื ื•ื›ืš ืื™ืŸ ืงืจื‘ื ื• ืžืจื•ืฆื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”', ื•ื”ื ื” ืื“ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื• ื”ืชื ืฆืœื•ืช ื•ื˜ืขื ื” ื–ื•, ื“ืงื•ื“ื ืฉืื›ืœ ืžืขืฅ ื”ื“ืขืช, ื”ืจื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ื™ืฆื”"ืจ, ื•ื’ื ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื˜ืขื•ืŸ ื”ึตืŸ ื‘ึฐึผืขึธื•ื•ึนืŸ ื—ื•ึนืœึธืœึฐืชึดึผื™ ื“ื”ืจื™ ื”ื™ื” ื™ืฆื™ืจ ื›ืคื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืชื—ืจื˜ ื•ื”ืชื•ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืœื‘ ืฉืœื, ื•ื™ื“ืžื” ื”ื—ื•ื˜ื ื‘ื ืคืฉื• ืฉื”ื—ื˜ื ืฉืœื• ื”ื•ื ื›ืžื• ื—ื˜ื ืฉืœ ืื“ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื‘ืžื” ืœืชืœื•ืช, , ืจืง ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ื•ื™ื‘ืงืฉ ืกืœื™ื—ื” ืžืืช ื”', ื•ื–"ืฉ ืึธื“ึธื ื›ึผึดื™ ื™ึทืงึฐืจึดื™ื‘ ื›ืžื• ืื“ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื”ืชื ืฆืœ ืขืฆืžื• ื›ืš ื™ื”ื™ื” ื›ืœ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื‘, ื›ืš ืชืงืจื™ื‘ ื•ื™ืจืฆื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”' ื”ืจื•ืฆื” ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ืื– ื—ึธื™ึนื” ื™ึดื—ึฐื™ึถื” ืœืคื ื™ื•. ('ื›ืชื‘ ืกื•ืคืจ' ืขื”"ืช)
ื•ึผืžึดื™ ืžึฐืขึทื›ึผึตื‘? ืฉื‚ึฐืื•ึนืจ ืฉืึถื‘ึผึธืขึดื™ืกึผึธื” ื•ึฐืฉืึดืขึฐื‘ึผื•ึผื“ ืžึทืœึฐื›ึปื™ื•ึนืช (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื™ื–.) โ€“ ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื‘ื–ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืื“ื ืœื™ืœืš ื‘ืžื“ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ื‘ืžืขืฉื™ื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืžื™ืฆื•ืข, ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ื™ืฆื”"ืจ ืžืกื™ืช ืฉื™ืœืš ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืงืฆื” ื”ืื—ื“ ื‘ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื• ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืชื’ืื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืชื ื”ื’ ื‘ืžื•ืชืจ ื”ืชืื•ื” ื•ืข"ื› ืžื“ืžื” ืœื™ื” ืœืฉืื•ืจ ืฉื‘ืขื™ืกื” ืฉืžื’ื‘ื™ื” ืืช ื”ืขื™ืกื” ื•ืขื•ืฉื” ืื•ืชื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืžื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ืชื”, ื•ื”ื”ื™ืคืš ื”ืฉืขื‘ื•ื“ ืžืœื›ื™ื•ืช ืขื›ื•"ื ืžื›ืจื™ื—ื™ื ืœืงืฆื” ื‘' ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžื ื™ื—ื™ืŸ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื”ืชื’ืื•ืช ืื‘ืœ ืžืฉืคื™ืœื™ื ืื•ืชื ื‘ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืฉืคืœื•ืช ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื—ืกืจื™ืŸ ืžื”ื ื›ืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืืฃ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”'. ื•ื–"ืฉ ืฉืึถืจึฐืฆื•ึนื ึตื ื•ึผ ืœึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึนืช ืจึฐืฆื•ึนื ึถืšึธ ืœื™ืœืš ื“ืจืš ื”ืžื™ืฆื•ืข ืื‘ืœ ืžื™ ืžืขื›ื‘ ืฉื‚ึฐืื•ึนืจ ืฉืึถื‘ึผึธืขึดื™ืกึผึธื” ื•ึฐืฉืึดืขึฐื‘ึผื•ึผื“ ืžึทืœึฐื›ึปื™ื•ึนืช ืฉืฉื ื™ื ืืœื• ืžืขื›ื‘ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ื—ืคืฅ ื‘ืงืฆื” ื–ื” ื•ื–ื” ื—ืคืฅ ื‘ืงืฆื” ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืฉืชื›ื ื™ืขื ืžืœืคื ื™ื ื• ื•ืžืื—ืจื™ื ื• ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘' ืงืฆื•ื•ืช ื•ื ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื™ืœืš ื‘ืžื™ืฆื•ืข. (ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ ืื’ื“ื•ืช ืฉื)
ื“ึทึผื‘ึตึผืจ ืึถืœ ื‘ึฐึผื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ ื•ึฐืึธืžึทืจึฐืชึธึผ ืึฒืœึตื”ึถื ืึธื“ึธื ื›ึดึผื™ ื™ึทืงึฐืจึดื™ื‘ ืžึดื›ึถึผื ืงื‡ืจึฐื‘ึธึผืŸ ืœึทื™-ื”ึนื•ึธื” (ื ื‘)
ืฉืืœื” โ€“ ืื™ืชื ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ 'ืืชื ื•ืœื ืžืฉื”'. ื•ื”ื•ื ื˜ืขื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื•ื›ื™ ืžืฉื” ืœื ื”ื•ืจืฉื” ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช?
ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” โ€“ ื™ื‘ื•ืืจ ืข"ืค ื”ื’ืžืจื (ื ื“ืจื™ื ื™.) ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ืฉืึดืžึฐืขื•ึนืŸ ืื•ึนืžึตืจ: ืžึดื ึผึทื™ึดืŸ ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ื™ึนืืžึทืจ ืึธื“ึธื 'ืœึทื”ืณ ืขื•ึนืœึธื”', 'ืœึทื”ืณ ืžึดื ึฐื—ึธื”', 'ืœึทื”ืณ ืชึผื•ึนื“ึธื”', 'ืœึทื”ืณ ืฉืึฐืœึธืžึดื™ื' โ€” ืชึผึทืœึฐืžื•ึผื“ ืœื•ึนืžึทืจ: 'ืงื‡ืจึฐื‘ึธึผืŸ ืœึทื™-ื”ึนื•ึธื”'. ื”ื˜ืขื ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื• ื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ื ืฉืžื ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื™ืืžืจ ืœื”' ืžื™ื“ ื™ืžื•ืช ื•ื ืžืฆื ืฉื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื ืฉืžื™ื ืœื‘ื˜ืœื”, ืืœื ื™ืืžืจ ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืœื”'. ื•ืขืชื” ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ, ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืื“ื ื”ืžืงื“ื™ืฉ ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื•ืžืจ ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืœื”' ืงื™ื™ื ืจืง ืืฆืœ ืฉืืจ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื โ€“ ืฉืžื ื™ืžื•ืชื• ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื™ืืžืจื• ืœื”'. ืืš ืœืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืฉื™ื“ืข ืืช ืขืช ืžื•ืชื• โ€“ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื”' ืงืจื‘ืŸ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืฉื” ื™ื™ื“ืข ืœื”ื™ื–ื”ืจ ืฉืœื ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื”' ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืกืžื•ืš ืœืžื™ืชืชื•. (ืžื“ืจืฉ ื™ื”ื•ื ืชืŸ)
ืชึทึผืงึฐืจึดื™ื‘ื•ึผ ืึถืช ืงื‡ืจึฐื‘ึทึผื ึฐื›ึถื โ€“ ืจ"ืช ื‘ื’ื™ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืชืง"ื‘ ืขื ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ื›ื ื’ื“ ืฉื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืื‘ื•ืช (175+180+147=502) ืฉื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืงืจื‘ื™ื ืœื”' ื•ื“ื‘ื•ืงื™ื ื‘ื• ื•ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืชื ืชื–ื›ื• ืœืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืฉืžืงืจื‘ื™ื ื”ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ื•ื’ื•ืจื ื™ื—ื•ื“. (ื—ื•ืžืช ืื ืš)
ื•ึฐื ึถืคึถืฉื ื›ึดึผื™ ืชึทืงึฐืจึดื™ื‘ ืงื‡ืจึฐื‘ึทึผืŸ ืžึดื ึฐื—ึธื” ืœึทื™-ื”ึนื•ึธื” ืกึนืœึถืช ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืงื‡ืจึฐื‘ึธึผื ื•ึน ื•ึฐื™ึธืฆึทืง ืขึธืœึถื™ื”ึธ ืฉึถืืžึถืŸ ื•ึฐื ึธืชึทืŸ ืขึธืœึถื™ื”ึธ ืœึฐื‘ึนื ึธื”. (ื‘ ื) ืคืจืฉ"ื™ - ืœึนื ื ึถืึฑืžึทืจ 'ื ึถืคึถืฉื' ื‘ึฐึผื›ึธืœ ืงึธืจึฐื‘ึฐึผื ื•ึนืช ื ึฐื“ึธื‘ึธื”, ืึถืœึธึผื ื‘ึฐึผืžึดื ึฐื—ึธื”. ืžึดื™ ื“ึทึผืจึฐื›ึผื•ึน ืœึฐื”ึดืชึฐื ึทื“ึตึผื‘ ืžึดื ึฐื—ึธื”? ืขึธื ึดื™; ืึธืžึทืจ ื”ึทืงึธึผื“ื•ึนืฉื ื‘ึธึผืจื•ึผืšึฐ ื”ื•ึผื: ืžึทืขึฒืœึถื” ืึฒื ึดื™ ืขึธืœึธื™ื• ื›ึฐึผืึดืœึผื•ึผ ื”ึดืงึฐืจึดื™ื‘ ื ึทืคึฐืฉืื•ึน. (ืžื ื—ื•ืช ืงื“:)
ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ื”ื•ืฉืข ื™ื“ ื’) ื•ึผื ึฐืฉึทืืœึฐึผืžึธื” ืคึธืจึดื™ื ืฉึฐื‚ืคึธืชึตื™ื ื•ึผ, ืคืจืฉ"ื™ - ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืœืคื ื™ืš ื ืฉืœื ืื•ืชื ื‘ืจื™ืฆื•ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืฉืคืชื™ื ื•. ื•ื›ืŸ ืคื™ืจืฉ ื”ืžืฆื•ื“ืช ื“ื•ื“ โ€“ ืจ"ืœ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืคืจื™ื ื ืฉืœื ื‘ื• ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ืฉืคืชื™ื ื•.
ื”ืจืžื– ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ืจื™ ืื ื• ื‘ื’ืœื•ืชื™ื ื• ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื ื• ื‘ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื’ืœื•ืช, ื•ื’ื•ืจืฉื ื• ืžื”ืกืชืคื— ื‘ื ื—ืœืช ื”', ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืœื ื›ื”ืŸ ื•ืœื ืžื ื”ืœ, ื•ื–ื” ืจ"ืช ื ึฐืฉึทืืœึฐึผืžึธื” ืคึธืจึดื™ื ืฉึฐื‚ืคึธืชึตื™ื ื•ึผ 'ื ึถืคึถืฉื', ื“ืžืขืœื” ืื ื™ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ืงืจื™ื‘ื• ื ืคืฉื ืœืคื ื™. ืฉื”ืจื™ ื‘ื’ืœื•ืชื™ื ื• ืื ื• ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœืขื ื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืืœื 'ื ึถืคึถืฉื' ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื ึฐืฉึทืืœึฐึผืžึธื” ืคึธืจึดื™ื ืฉึฐื‚ืคึธืชึตื™ื ื•ึผ. ('ืœื—ื ืจื‘' ืขืœ ืกื™ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืขืž' ืงืžื˜)

ื•ึฐืกึธืžึทืšึฐ ื™ึธื“ื•ึน ืขึทืœ ืจึนืืฉื ื”ึธืขึนืœึธื” ื•ึฐื ึดืจึฐืฆึธื” ืœื•ึน ืœึฐื›ึทืคึตึผืจ ืขึธืœึธื™ื•. (ื ื“)
ืฉืืœื” โ€“ ืžื” ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื”ื‘ืขืœื™ื ืœืกืžื•ืš ืืช ื™ื“ื• ืขืœ ืจืืฉ ื”ืงืจื‘ืŸ. ื•ืืžืจื• ื—ื–"ืœ (ืžื ื—ื•ืช ืฆื’:) 'ื™ึธื“ื•ึน' โ€“ ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึทื“ ืฉึฐืืœื•ึผื—ื•ึน, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืกืžื™ื›ื” ืืœื ื‘ื‘ืขืœื™ื ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ืœื. ื•ืœื ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ืฉึธืืœึดื™ื—ึท ื“ึฐึผื‘ึทืจ ืžึดืฆึฐื•ึธื” ื”ื•ึผื, ื•ึผืฉึฐืืœื•ึผื—ื•ึน ืฉึถืืœ ืึธื“ึธื ื›ึฐึผืžื•ึนืชื•ึน.
ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” โ€“ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื”ืื“ื ืžืฆื“ ื—ื•ืžืจื• ืืช ืžืขืฉื” ื”ื‘ื”ืžื”, ื•ืื ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื™ืจืื” ื—ืœื™ืœื” ื—ื˜ื ื”ืื“ื ื›ื ื’ื“ ืจื•ืžืžืชื• ื•ื’ื•ื“ืœื• ืื™ืŸ ื—ืœื™ืœื” ืชืจื•ืคื” ืœืžื›ืชื•, ืืš ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืจื•ืื” ื›ื™ ืืคืจ ืื ื—ื ื• ื•ืื“ืžื” ืขืœ ืจืืฉื ื•, ื“ื”ืชืื•ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื”ืžื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืฉืœื•ืช ืขืœื™ื ื•, ื•ื–ื” ื’ื ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืคืกื•ืง (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื‘ ืžื’) ื•ึฐื›ึดืคึถึผืจ ืึทื“ึฐืžึธืชื•ึน ืขึทืžึผื•ึน, ื“ืข"ื™ ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ืจื•ืื” ืฉืื“ืžื” ื•ืขืคืจ ืื ื—ื ื•, ื–ื”ื• ืขืฆืžื• ื›ืคืจืชื™ื ื•, ื•ื–ื” ืžืจืžื– ืกืžื™ื›ืช ื™ื“ ื”ื‘ืขืœื™ื, ืจืžื– ืขืœ ื™ื“ื• ืืฉืจ ืœื ื˜ื”ื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื, ื•ื”ื ื™ืฃ ืืช ื™ื“ื• ืืœ ื”' ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืžืจื” ืืช ืคื™ ื”', ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืฉืžื—ืžืช ื™ื“ื• ื”ืกืžื•ื›ื” ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื”ืžื” ืฉื’ื•ืคื• ืžื–ื•ื”ื ื‘ืชืื•ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื”ืžื”, ื•ืื– ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืžืจื—ื ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื• ื›ื™ ืืš ื‘ืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ื•ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื‘ื™ื” (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื™ื’ ื™ื—) ื•ึฐื ึดืจึฐืคึผึธึฝื, ื•ื–ื”ื• ื•ึฐืกึธืžึทืšึฐ ื™ึธื“ื•ึน ืขึทืœ ืจึนืืฉื ื”ึธืขึนืœึธื” ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื–ื” ื•ึฐื ึดืจึฐืฆึธื” ืœื•ึน ืœึฐื›ึทืคึตึผืจ ืขึธืœึธื™ื•. (ืืžืจื•ืช ื”')

ื•ึฐื ึถืคึถืฉื ื›ึดึผื™ ืชึถื—ึฑื˜ึธื ื•ึฐืฉึธืืžึฐืขึธื” ืงื•ึนืœ ืึธืœึธื” ื•ึฐื”ื•ึผื ืขึตื“ ืื•ึน ืจึธืึธื” ืื•ึน ื™ึธื“ึธืข ืึดื ืœื•ึนื ื™ึทื’ึดึผื™ื“ ื•ึฐื ึธืฉึธื‚ื ืขึฒื•ึบื ื•ึน. (ื” ื)
ืฉืืœื” โ€“ ืžื” ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืขืœ ืกืคืง ื—ื˜ื ื‘ืื™ืŸ ื™ืกื•ืจื™ืŸ ื•ืœื ืขืœ ื•ื“ืื™. ืžื” ื”ื˜ืขื ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืึดื ืœื•ึนื ื™ึทื’ึดึผื™ื“ ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืช ื•'.
ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” โ€“ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืคืฉืคืฉ ื‘ืžืขืฉื™ื•, ื•ืื ื ื•ื“ืข ืœื• ืฉื—ื˜ื ื™ืฉื•ื‘, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืจืฉืข ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ื™ืกื•ืจื™ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื˜ื•ืจื“ื• ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืื ืœื ื™ืฉื•ื‘. (ืžื•ืฉื‘ ื–ืงื ื™ื)
ื”ื˜ืขื ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืึดื ืœื•ึนื ื™ึทื’ึดึผื™ื“ ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืช ื•' โ€“ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืื ื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื•ืžื’ื™ื“. (ืžื•ืฉื‘ ื–ืงื ื™ื, ื‘ืขื”"ื˜) ื"ื  ืึดื ืœื•ึนื ื™ึทื’ึดึผื™ื“ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ, ืฉืื ื›ื‘ืฉ ืœื• ืขื“ื•ืชื• ื‘ื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื™ื ื• ืื™ื ื• ื ืขื ืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ืืœื ื›ืฉื™ื›ื‘ื•ืฉ ืขื“ื•ืชื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ. ื"ื  ืชื•ืกืคืช ื”ื•ื"ื• ื‘ืžืœืช ืœื•ึนื ื™ืจืžื•ื– ืขืœ ืฉืฉืช ื™ืžื™ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื•ื‘ื ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ื›ื™ ืžื™ ืฉื›ื•ื‘ืฉ ืขื“ื•ืช ืœื—ื‘ืจื• ืžืขืœื” ืขืœื™ื• ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื›ืืœื• ื›ื‘ืฉ ืœื”ืงื‘"ื” ืขื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉื ื‘ืจื ื‘ืฉืฉืช ื™ืžื™ื, ื›ื™ ืžืชื•ืš ืฉืื“ื ืจื’ื™ืœ ืœื”ื™ื›ืฉืœ ื‘ืขื•ื•ืŸ ืงืœ ื™ื‘ื ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื™ื›ืฉืœ ื‘ืขื•ื•ืŸ ื—ืžื•ืจ. (ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื‘ื—ื™ื™)

ื•ึฐื”ึตื‘ึดื™ื ืึนืชึธื ืึถืœ ื”ึทื›ึนึผื”ึตืŸ ื•ึฐื”ึดืงึฐืจึดื™ื‘ ืึถืช ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ืœึทื—ึทื˜ึธึผืืช ืจึดืืฉืื•ึนื ึธื” ื•ึผืžึธืœึทืง ืึถืช ืจึนืืฉืื•ึน ืžึดืžึผื•ึผืœ ืขื‡ืจึฐืคึผื•ึน ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึทื‘ึฐื“ึดึผื™ืœ. (ื” ื—) ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื - ื”ื–ื”ื™ืจื ื• ืžื”ื‘ื“ื™ืœ ืจืืฉ ื—ื˜ืืช ื”ืขื•ืฃ ื‘ืฉืขืช ืžืœื™ืงื”. ื•ื”ื•ื ืืžืจื• ื™ืชืขืœื” ื•ืžืœืง ืืช ืจืืฉื• ื•ืœื ื™ื‘ื“ื™ืœ ื•ืื ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืœ ืคืกืœ. (ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืœืื• ืงื™ื‘) ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืฉืœื ื™ื—ืชืš ื”ื›ืœ ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืขื“ ืฉื™ื”ื ื ืคืจื“ ื”ืจืืฉ ืžืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ. ื•ืขืœ ื–ื” ื ืืžืจ ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึทื‘ึฐื“ึดึผื™ืœ. (ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืงื›ื“)
ืฉืืœื” โ€“ ืžื” ื˜ืขื ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืฉืœื ืœื”ื‘ื“ื™ืœ ื”ืจืืฉ ื‘ื—ื˜ืืช ื”ืขื•ืฃ, ืžื” ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœื™ืงื” ืžึดืžึผื•ึผืœ ืขื‡ืจึฐืคึผื•ึน, ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ืื™ื ื” ื ื•ื”ื’ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœืช ื”ืขื•ืฃ.
ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” โ€“ ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ื—ื•ื˜ื ืคื ื” ืœื™ื•ืฆืจ ื›ืœ ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ืขื•ืจืฃ ื•ืœื ืคื ื™ื, ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืงืจื‘ื ื• ืฉื”ื™ื ืชืžื•ืจืชื• ื ืคืฉ ืชื—ืช ื ืคืฉ, ืชืฆื ืžืขืจืคื•, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืงืฉื” ืขื•ืจืฃ. ื•ื‘ื—ื˜ืืช ื”ืขื•ืฃ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื›ืคืจื” ื“ื•ื•ืงื, ื•ืœื ื‘ืขื•ืœืช ื”ืขื•ืฃ (ื–ื‘ื—ื™ื ืกื“:), ื“ื›ืืŸ ืžืฉื•ื ื“ื”ืชื•ื“ื”, ื•ื‘ืขื•ืœืช ื”ืขื•ืฃ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™, ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื‘ื—ื˜ืืช ื”ืขื•ืฃ ื•ึผืžึธืœึทืง ืึถืช ืจึนืืฉืื•ึน ืžึดืžึผื•ึผืœ ืขื‡ืจึฐืคึผื•ึน ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึทื‘ึฐื“ึดึผื™ืœ. (ืื•ืฆืจื•ืช ื”ืฉืœ"ื” ื‘ืฉื ื˜ืขืžื™ ื”ืžืฆื•ืช ืœื ืชืขืฉื™ืŸ ืกื˜)
ื"ื  ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืฉืœ ืขื ื™, ืจืžื– ืฉื™ืžื”ืจ ื›ืœ ืื“ื ื‘ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืฆืจื›ื• ืฉืœ ืขื ื™, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืงืจื‘ื ื• ืฉื—ื™ื˜ื”, ืฉืœื ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืœื—ื–ืจ ืื—ืจ ื”ืกื›ื™ืŸ ื•ืœื‘ื“ืงื•, ื•ื™ืชื‘ื˜ืœ ื”ืขื ื™ ืฉื ืžืžืœืื›ืชื• ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื. ื’ื ืœื”ืคืœื™ื’ ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืืžืจ ืฉื™ืชื—ื™ืœ ืžืžื•ืœ ืขืจืคื•, ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืืœ ื™ื“ื• ื•ืœื ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื”ืคื•ืš ื”ืฆื•ื•ืืจ ืืœ ืฆื“ ื”ืกื™ืžื ื™ืŸ. ื•ืขื ื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื“ืœืช ื”ืจืืฉ ืžืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื“ื‘ืจ ืจืื•ื™ ื”ื•ื ืœื”ื™ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืงืจื‘ืŸ, ื›ื™ ื‘ืืžืช ื›ืฉืจืืฉ ื”ืขื•ืฃ ื“ื‘ืง ืขืžื• ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ื•ื“ืจ, ื•ืจืื•ื™ ืœื ื• ืœื”ื“ืจ ื‘ืงืจื‘ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ื›ื—ื ื•, ื“ื™ ืœื ื• ื‘ืขื ื™ื•ืชื•, ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื‘ื“ืœื•ืชื• ืœืคื—ืช ืชืืจ ืงืจื‘ื ื•. (ืกืคืจ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืงื›ื“)

ื•ึฐืึดื ืœึนื ืชึทืฉึดึผื‚ื™ื’ ื™ึธื“ื•ึน ืœึดืฉึฐืืชึตึผื™ ืชึนืจึดื™ื ืื•ึน ืœึดืฉึฐืื ึตื™ ื‘ึฐื ึตื™ ื™ื•ึนื ึธื” ื•ึฐื”ึตื‘ึดื™ื ืึถืช ืงื‡ืจึฐื‘ึธึผื ื•ึน ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ื—ึธื˜ึธื ืขึฒืฉึดื‚ื™ืจึดืช ื”ึธืึตืคึธื” ืกึนืœึถืช ืœึฐื—ึทื˜ึธึผืืช. (ื” ื™ื)
ืฉืืœื” โ€“ ื”ืจื™ ื–ื”ื• ืงืจื‘ืŸ ื“ืœื•ืช ืฉื ืงืจื ืขื•ืœื” ื•ื™ื•ืจื“ ืœืคื™ ืฉื‘ืขื ื™ ื™ื•ืจื“ ืžื‘ื”ืžื” ืœืขื•ืฃ ื•ืžืขื•ืฃ ืœืขืฉื™ืจื™ืช ื”ืื™ืคื”. ื•ืื ื›ืŸ ืœืžื” ื‘ึผึธืชึทืจ ืขึทื ึฐื™ึธื ืึธื–ึฐืœึธื ืขึทื ึฐื™ื•ึผืชึธื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืฉืชื™ ืชื•ืจื™ื ืื• ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ื•ื ื”, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ืขืฉื™ืจ ืœื ื™ื‘ื™ื ืจืง ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืื—ื“. ื•ื”ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœื”ืงืœ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืื”. ื•ื›ื™ ืชื™ืžื ื“ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืงื•ืœื ื”ื•ื ืฉื–ื” ืžื‘ื™ื ื‘ื”ืžื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ื“ืžื™ื” ืžืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ, ื”ืœื ื ึถืึฑืžึทืจ ื‘ึฐึผืขื•ึนืœึทืช ื‘ึฐึผื”ึตืžึธื” ืึดืฉึถึผืื” ืจึตื™ื—ึท ื ึดื™ื—ื•ึนื—ึท, ื•ึผื‘ึฐืขื•ึนืœึทืช ืขื•ึนืฃ ืึดืฉึถึผืื” ืจึตื™ื—ึท ื ึดื™ื—ื•ึนื—ึท, ื•ึผื‘ึฐืžึดื ึฐื—ึธื” ืึดืฉึถึผืื” ืจึตื™ื—ึท ื ึดื™ื—ื•ึนื—ึท, ืœื•ึนืžึทืจ ืœึฐืšึธ: ืึถื—ึธื“ ื”ึทืžึทึผืจึฐื‘ึถึผื” ื•ึฐืึถื—ึธื“ ื”ึทืžึทึผืžึฐืขึดื™ื˜, ื•ึผื‘ึดืœึฐื‘ึทื“ ืฉึถืื™ึฐึผื›ึทื•ึตึผื™ืŸ ืœึดื‘ึผื•ึน ืœึทืฉึธึผืืžึทื™ึดื. (ืžื ื—ื•ืช ืงื™.).
ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” โ€“ ืœืคื™ ืฉืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื—ืจ, ื“ื‘ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืขืฉื™ืจ ื“ื™ ื‘ืื—ืช ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื—ืœืง ืœื’ื‘ื•ื” ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืื™ืžื•ืจื™ื ื•ื—ืœืง ืœื”ื“ื™ื•ื˜ ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื”ืขื•ืจ, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืขื ื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืื™ืžื•ืจื™ื ืื™ืœื• ื™ื‘ื™ื ื—ื˜ืืช ืœื‘ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ื—ืœื‘ ืœื’ื‘ื•ื”, ื•ืื ื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื” ืœื‘ื“ ื”ืจื™ ื›ื•ืœื” ื›ืœื™ืœ ื•ืื™ืŸ ื—ืœืง ืœื›ื”ื ื™ื ืœื›ืš ืฆืจื™ืš ืืช ืฉืชื™ื”ื.

ืžื” ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉื”ื™ื•ื ื” ื–ื›ืชื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืœ ืขื•ืฃ ืื—ืจ.
ืœืคื™ ืฉื‘ื™ืžื™ ื ื— ืึธืžึฐืจึธื” ื™ื•ึนื ึธื” ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ื”ึทืงึผึธื“ื•ึนืฉื ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ื”ื•ึผื, ืจึดื‘ึผื•ึนื ื•ึน ืฉืึถืœ ืขื•ึนืœึธื, ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึผ ืžึฐื–ื•ึนื ื•ึนืชึทื™ ืžึฐืจื•ึนืจึดื™ื ื›ึผึฐื–ึทื™ึดืช ื•ึผืžึฐืกื•ึผืจึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐื™ึธื“ึฐืšึธ, ื•ึฐืึทืœ ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึผ ืžึฐืชื•ึผืงึดื™ื ื›ึผึดื“ึฐื‘ึทืฉื ื•ึผืžึฐืกื•ึผืจึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐื™ึทื“ ื‘ึผึธืฉื‚ึธืจ ื•ึธื“ึธื. (ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืงื—:). ื•ืขื•ื“ ื™"ืœ ืžึดืฉึผืื•ึผื ืฉื ืžืฉืœื• ื›ึผึฐื ึถืกึถืช ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืœึฐื™ื•ึนื ึธื”, ืฉืึถื ึผึถืึฑืžึทืจ (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืกื— ื™ื“): ื›ึผึทื ึฐืคึตื™ ื™ื•ึนื ึธื” ื ึถื—ึฐืคึผึธื” ื‘ึทื›ึผึถืกึถืฃ ื•ึฐื’ื•ึนืณ - ืžึทื” ื™ึผื•ึนื ึธื” ื›ึผึฐื ึธืคึถื™ื”ึธ ืžึฐื’ึดื™ื ึผื•ึนืช ืขึธืœึถื™ื”ึธ, ืึทืฃ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืžึดืฆึฐื•ึนืช ืžึฐื’ึดื™ื ึผื•ึนืช ืขึฒืœึตื™ื”ึถืŸ. ื›ื“ืื™ ื”ื™ื ืœื›ืคืจ ืขืœื™ื”ื. (ืคืขื ื— ืจื–ื)

ื ึถืคึถืฉื ื›ึดึผื™ ืชึดืžึฐืขึนืœ ืžึทืขึทืœ ื•ึฐื—ึธื˜ึฐืึธื” ื‘ึดึผืฉึฐืื’ึธื’ึธื” ืžึดืงื‡ึผื“ึฐืฉึตืื™ ื™ึฐ-ื”ึนื•ึธื” ื•ึฐื”ึตื‘ึดื™ื ืึถืช ืึฒืฉึธืืžื•ึน ืœึทื™-ื”ึนื•ึธื” ืึทื™ึดืœ ืชึธึผืžึดื™ื ืžึดืŸ ื”ึทืฆึนึผืืŸ ื‘ึฐึผืขึถืจึฐื›ึฐึผืšึธ ื›ึถึผืกึถืฃ ืฉึฐืืงึธืœึดื™ื ื‘ึฐึผืฉึถืืงึถืœ ื”ึทืงึนึผื“ึถืฉื ืœึฐืึธืฉึธืื. (ื” ื˜ื•)
ืฉืืœื” โ€“ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืžืขื™ืœื” ื”ื•ื ืžื–ื™ื“, ื›ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ืขื–ืจื ื˜ ื‘) ื•ึฐื™ึทื“ ื”ึทืฉึธึผื‚ืจึดื™ื ื•ึฐื”ึทืกึฐึผื’ึธื ึดื™ื ื”ึธื™ึฐืชึธื” ื‘ึทึผืžึทึผืขึทืœ ื”ึทื–ึถึผื” ืจึดืืฉืื•ึนื ึธื”. ื•ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื—ื˜ื ื”ื•ื ื”ืฉื•ื’ื’ ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ (ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื› ื˜ื–) ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึทื—ึฒื˜ึดื ืคืจืฉ"ื™ โ€“ ืœื ื™ืฉื’ื”. ืžื” ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืžื–ื™ื“ ื•ืกื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ื’ื’.
ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” โ€“ ืœืคื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืื“ื ื—ื•ื˜ื ื‘ืฉื•ื’ื’ ืืœื ืื ื›ืŸ ืขื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื–ื™ื“ ืžืงื•ื“ื. ื•ื–ื”ื• ืฉืืžืจ ื ึถืคึถืฉื ื›ึดึผื™ ืชึดืžึฐืขึนืœ ืžึทืขึทืœ ื‘ืžื–ื™ื“, ืžื”ืžื–ื™ื“ ื™ื‘ื•ื ืœืฉื•ื’ื’ ื•ึฐื—ึธื˜ึฐืึธื” ื‘ึดึผืฉึฐืื’ึธื’ึธื”. ื"ื  ืฉืชื—ื™ืœื” ืื“ื ื—ื•ื˜ื ื‘ืฉื•ื’ื’ ื•ืื ืœื ืฉื‘ ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื–ื™ื“.{ื›ืžืืžืจื ื–"ืœ (ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืž.) ื›ึผึตื™ื•ึธืŸ ืฉืึถืขึธื‘ึทืจ ืึธื“ึธื ืขึฒื‘ึตื™ืจึธื” ื•ึฐืฉืึธื ึธื” ื‘ึผึธื”ึผ โ€“ ื”ื•ึผืชึผึฐืจึธื” ืœื•ึน. ื”ื•ึผืชึผึฐืจึธื” ืœื•ึน ืกึธืœึฐืงึธื ื“ึผึทืขึฐืชึผึธืšึฐ?! ืึถืœึผึธื: ื ึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึตื™ืช ืœื•ึน ื›ึผึฐื”ึถื™ืชึผึตืจ} ื•ื–ื”ื• ืฉืืžืจ ืชึดืžึฐืขึนืœ ืžึทืขึทืœ ื‘ืžื–ื™ื“, ืžื” ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื•ึฐื—ึธื˜ึฐืึธื” ื‘ึดึผืฉึฐืื’ึธื’ึธื” ืžืงื•ื“ื. ื•ื”ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื•ื ื“ืื™ื›ื ื”ื›ื™ ื•ืื™ื›ื ื”ื›ื™, ื–ืžื ื™ืŸ ืžื–ื™ื“ ืงื•ื“ื ื•ืื—"ื› ืฉื•ื’ื’. ื•ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืฉื•ื’ื’ ื•ืื—"ื› ืžื–ื™ื“. (ื—ื•ืžืช ืื ืš) ื"ื  ื”ืงื“ื™ื ื‘ื”ืงื“ืฉ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืžืขื™ืœื” ืœื—ื˜ื, ื•ืฉื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื•ื’ื’ ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืืžืจ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื—ื˜ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืฉื•ื’ื’, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื• ื”ืงื“ื™ื ื—ื˜ื ืœืžืขื™ืœื” ื•ืฉื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื“ื•ืŸ, ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืžืขื™ืœื” ื‘ืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ื•ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืžื—ืกื“ื™ ื”ืฉ"ื™ ื›ื™ ื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืœื–ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื” ืฉื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ื‘ื—ื•ืงื• ื™ืชื‘ืจืš. (ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื‘ื—ื™ื™)

ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ื›ึดึผื™ ื™ึถื—ึฑื˜ึธื ื•ึฐืึธืฉึตืื ื•ึฐื”ึตืฉึดืื™ื‘ ืึถืช ื”ึทื’ึฐึผื–ึตืœึธื” ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ื’ึธึผื–ึธืœ ืื•ึน ืึถืช ื”ึธืขึนืฉึถืืง ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ืขึธืฉึธืืง ืื•ึน ืึถืช ื”ึทืคึดึผืงึธึผื“ื•ึนืŸ ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ื”ื‡ืคึฐืงึทื“ ืึดืชึผื•ึน ืื•ึน ืึถืช ื”ึธืึฒื‘ึตื“ึธื” ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ืžึธืฆึธื. (ื” ื›ื’)
ืžืกื•ืคืจ ื‘ื’ืžืจื (ื‘ื™ืฆื” ืœื—:): ื›ื™ ืกืœื™ืง [ื›ืืฉืจ ืขืœื”] ืจ' ืื‘ื ืžื‘ื‘ืœ ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืืžืจ: ื™ื”ื ืจืขื•ื ื“ืื™ืžื ืžืœืชื ื“ืชืชืงื‘ืœ [ื™ื”ื™ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืฉืื•ืžืจ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืœื›ื” ืฉื™ืชืงื‘ืœ] ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื”ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืœื ืื‘ื•ืฉ ื‘ื•. ื›ื™ ืกืœื™ืง [ื›ืืฉืจ ืขืœื”], ืืฉื›ื—ื™ื” [ืžืฆื] ืืช ืจ' ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ื•ืจ' ื—ื ื™ื ื ื‘ืจ ืคืคื™ ื•ืจ' ื–ื™ืจื, ื•ืืžืจื™ ืœื” [ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื] ืฉืžืฆื ืืช ืจ' ืื‘ื”ื• ื•ืจ' ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ืคื–ื™ ื•ืจ' ื™ืฆื—ืง ื ืคื—ื, ื•ื™ืชื‘ื™ ื•ืงืืžืจื™ [ื•ื™ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื ื•ืืžืจื•] ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ืœื›ื” ื–ื•: ืืžืื™ [ืžื“ื•ืข] ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ืกื” ื›ืŸ? ื•ืœื‘ื˜ื™ืœ [ื•ืฉื™ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•] ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื”ืžืœื— ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื™ืกื”, ื•ืชื“ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื™ืกื” ืจืง ืœืคื™ ื”ื‘ืฆืง ืฉื‘ื” ื•ืœื ืœืคื™ ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื”ืžืœื—, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ื ืžืขื˜ื™ื ื•ื‘ื˜ืœื™ื! ืืžืจ ืœื”ื• [ืœื”ื] ืจ' ืื‘ื ื”ืจื™ ืื“ื ืฉื ืชืขืจื‘ ืœื• ืงื‘ ื—ื˜ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื• ื‘ืขืฉืจื” ืงื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื˜ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ื™ืจื•, ื•ื›ื™ ื™ืื›ืœ ื”ืœื” ื•ื—ื“ื™ [ื•ื™ืฉืžื—]?! ืฉื”ืจื™ ืœื“ืขื” ื–ื• ืฉืื ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืงื˜ืŸ ื•ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื˜ืœ. ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืžื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ืจื›ื•ืฉื• ืœืื—ืจื™ื โ€” ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื’ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื”ืžืœื— ื‘ืขื™ืกื”. ืื—ื™ื›ื• ืขืœื™ื” [ืฆื—ืงื• ืขืœื™ื•] ื”ื—ื›ืžื™ื. ืืžืจ ืœื”ื• [ืœื”ื]: ื•ื›ื™ ื’ื•ืœืชื™ื›ื• ืฉืงืœื™ [ืืช ื’ืœื™ืžืชื›ื ืœืงื—ืชื™] ืฉืืชื ืžื‘ื™ื™ืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื™? ื”ื“ื•ืจ ืื—ื™ื›ื• ืขืœื™ื” [ื—ื–ืจื• ื•ืฆื—ืงื• ืขืœื™ื•].
ืฉืืœื” โ€“ ืžื“ื•ืข ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉื—ืงื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉืืœื ืจื‘ื™ ืื‘ื ื”ืื ืœืงื— ืžื”ื ืืช ืžืœื‘ื•ืฉื™ื”ื? ื•ื›ื™ ื’ื ื™ื‘ืช ื”ืžืœื‘ื•ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœืฆื—ื•ืง?
ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” โ€“ ืืžืจื• ื—ื–"ืœ (ืกื•ื˜ื” ื”:) ื‘ึผึนื ื•ึผืจึฐืึตื” ื›ึผึทืžึผึธื” ื’ึผึฐื“ื•ึนืœึดื™ื ื ึฐืžื•ึผื›ึตื™ ื”ึธืจื•ึผื—ึท ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ื”ึทืงึผึธื“ื•ึนืฉื ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ื”ื•ึผื, ืฉืึถื‘ึผึฐืฉืึธืขึธื” ืฉืึถื‘ึผึตื™ืช ื”ึทืžึผึดืงึฐื“ึผึธืฉื ืงึทื™ึผึธื™ื ืึธื“ึธื ืžึทืงึฐืจึดื™ื‘ ืขื•ึนืœึธื” โ€” ืฉื‚ึฐื›ึทืจ ืขื•ึนืœึธื” ื‘ึผึฐื™ึธื“ื•ึน. ืžึดื ึฐื—ึธื” โ€” ืฉื‚ึฐื›ึทืจ ืžึดื ึฐื—ึธื” ื‘ึผึฐื™ึธื“ื•ึน. ืึฒื‘ึธืœ ืžึดื™ ืฉืึถื“ึผึทืขึฐืชึผื•ึน ืฉืึฐืคึธืœึธื”, ืžึทืขึฒืœึถื” ืขึธืœึธื™ื• ื”ึทื›ึผึธืชื•ึผื‘ ื›ึผึฐืึดื™ืœึผื•ึผ ื”ึดืงึฐืจึดื™ื‘ ื›ึผื‡ืœ ื”ึทืงึผึธืจึฐื‘ึผึธื ื•ึนืช ื›ึผื•ึผืœึผึธื, ืฉืึถื ึผึถืึฑืžึทืจ (ืชื”ืœื™ื ื ื ื™ื˜): ื–ึดื‘ึฐื—ึตื™ ืึฑ-ืœึนื”ึดื™ื ืจื•ึผื—ึท ื ึดืฉืึฐื‘ึผึธืจึธื”. ื•ึฐืœึนื ืขื•ึนื“, ืึถืœึผึธื ืฉืึถืึตื™ืŸ ืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธืชื•ึน ื ึดืžึฐืึถืกึถืช, ืฉืึถื ึผึถืึฑืžึทืจ: ืœึตื‘ ื ึดืฉืึฐื‘ึผึธืจ ื•ึฐื ึดื“ึฐื›ึผึถื” ืึฑ-ืœึนื”ึดื™ื ืœึนื ืชึดื‘ึฐื–ึถื”. ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืกืž"ื’ (ืœืื•ื™ืŸ ืกื“) ื•ืื ื™ ื“ืจืฉืชื™ ืขื•ื“ ื›ื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืฉืืœื•ืช ืœื‘ื ื•ืชืื•ืชื ืฉื•ืžืข ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื•ืžืžืœื ืจืฆื•ื ื ืืข"ืค ืฉืœื ื”ืชืคืœืœื• ืขืœ ื–ื” ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืชื”ืœื™ื ื™ ื™ื–) ืชึทึผืึฒื•ึทืช ืขึฒื ึธื•ึดื™ื ืฉึธืืžึทืขึฐืชึธึผ ื™ึฐ-ื”ึนื•ึธื” ืชึธึผื›ึดื™ืŸ ืœึดื‘ึธึผื ืชึทึผืงึฐืฉึดืื™ื‘ ืื‡ื–ึฐื ึถืšึธ ืชืคืœืช ืขื ื•ื™ื ืœื ื ืืžืจ ืืœื ืชึทึผืึฒื•ึทืช ืชึธึผื›ึดื™ืŸ ืœึดื‘ึธึผื ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืžื” ืฉื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื. ืจื‘ื™ ืื‘ื ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉื•ื‘ื— ื•ืžืคื•ืืจ ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืขื ื•ื•ื”. ื›ื“ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ (ืกื•ื˜ื” ืž.) ื•ึฐืึธืžึทืจ ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ืึฒื‘ึธื”ื•ึผ: ืžึตืจึตื™ืฉื ื”ึฒื•ึธื” ืึธืžึตื™ื ึธื ืขึดื™ื ึฐื•ึฐืชึธื ึธื ืึฒื ึธื. ื›ึผึตื™ื•ึธืŸ ื“ึผึทื—ึฒื–ึตื™ื ึธื ืœึตื™ื”ึผ ืœึฐืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ืึทื‘ึผึธื ื“ึผึฐืžึดืŸ ืขึทื›ึผื•ึน ื“ึผึฐืึธืžึทืจ ืึดื™ื”ื•ึผ ื—ึทื“ ื˜ึทืขึฐืžึธื ื•ึฐืึธืžึทืจ ืึธืžื•ึนืจึตื™ื”ึผ ื—ึทื“ ื˜ึทืขึฐืžึธื ื•ึฐืœึธื ืงึธืคึตื™ื“ โ€” ืึธืžึตื™ื ึธื ืœึธืื• ืขึดื™ื ึฐื•ึฐืชึธื ึธื ืึฒื ึธื. ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืžืจ ื›ืŸ ื‘ืคื™ื• ืืœื ื‘ืœื‘ื‘ื• ื›ืš ื”ื™ื” ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžื“ืจื’ื” ื–ื• ืฉืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ืงืจื ืขื ื™ื•. (ื‘ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื™ื“ืข ืฉื) . ื•ื”ื ื” ืžืื—ืจ ื•ืจื‘ื™ ืื‘ื ื™ื“ืข ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื ื•ื•ืชืŸ ืชืคื™ืœืชื• ื”ื™ืชื” ืืžื•ืจื” ืœื”ืชืงื‘ืœ ื‘ืฉืžื™ื ืœืืœืชืจ, ื›ืืฉืจ ื ื•ื›ื— ืฉื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฆื•ื—ืงื™ื ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืชืคื™ืœืชื• ืœื ื”ืชืงื‘ืœื”. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžื™ื”ืจ ื•ืฉืืœ ืื•ืชื ื•ื›ื™ ื’ื•ืœืชื™ื›ื• ืฉืงืœื™ ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืขื•ืŸ ื’ื–ืœ ืฉื–ื”ื• ื”ื’ื•ืจื ืœื›ืš ืฉืชืคื™ืœืชื™ ืœื ื”ืชืงื‘ืœื”. ื“ืื™ืชื ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ (ืฉ"ืจ ื›ื‘ ื’) ื›ึผึธืœ ืžึดื™ ืฉืึถื™ึผึธื“ึธื™ื• ืžึฐืœึปื›ึฐืœึธื›ื•ึนืช ื‘ึผึฐื’ึธื–ึตืœ ื”ื•ึผื ืงื•ึนืจึตื ืœึฐื”ึทืงึผึธื“ื•ึนืฉื ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ื”ื•ึผื ื•ึฐืึตื™ื ื•ึน ืขื•ึนื ึถื” ืื•ึนืชื•ึน, ืœึธืžึผึธื”, ืฉืึถืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธืชื•ึน ื‘ึผึทืขึฒื‘ึตืจึธื”, ืฉืึถื ึผึถืึฑืžึทืจ (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื•, ื™ื’): ื•ึทื™ึนึผืืžึถืจ ืึฑ-ืœึนื”ึดื™ื ืœึฐื ึนื—ึท ืงึตืฅ ื›ื‡ึผืœ ื‘ึธึผืฉึธื‚ืจ ื•ื’ื•', ืึฒื‘ึธืœ ืึดื™ึผื•ึนื‘ ืฉืึถืœึนื ื”ึธื™ึธื” ื‘ึผึทืขึฒืžึธืœื•ึน ื’ึผึธื–ึตืœ, ื”ึธื™ึฐืชึธื” ืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธืชื•ึน ื–ึทื›ึผึธื”, ืœึฐื›ึธืšึฐ ืื•ึนืžึตืจ (ืื™ื•ื‘ ื˜ื– ื™ื–): ืขึทืœ ืœึนื ื—ึธืžึธืก ื‘ึฐึผื›ึทืคึธึผื™, ืœึฐืคึดื™ ืฉืึถืึตื™ืŸ ืขึธื•ึถืœ ื‘ึผึฐื›ึทืคึผึทื™ ื•ึผื‘ึทืขึฒืžึธืœึดื™, ืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธืชึดื™ ื–ึทื›ึผึธื”. ืึธืžึทืจ ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ื—ึธืžึธื ื‘ึผึทืจ ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ื—ึฒื ึดื™ื ึธื ืžึดื ึผึทื™ึดืŸ ืฉืึถื›ึผึธืœ ืžึดื™ ืฉืึถื”ึทื’ึผึธื–ึตืœ ื‘ึผึฐื™ึธื“ื•ึน ืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธืชื•ึน ืขึฒื›ื•ึผืจึธื”, ืฉืึถื ึผึถืึฑืžึทืจ (ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ื, ื˜ื•): ื•ึผื‘ึฐืคึธืจึดืฉื‚ึฐื›ึถื ื›ึผึทืคึผึตื™ื›ึถื ื•ื’ื•' ืึตื™ื ึถื ึผึดื™ ืฉืึนืžึตืขึท, ืžึดืคึผึฐื ึตื™ ืžึธื”, ืฉืึถื™ึผึฐื“ึตื™ื›ึถื ื“ึผึธืžึดื™ื ืžึธืœึตืื•ึผ. ื•ึผืžึดื ึผึทื™ึดืŸ ืฉืึถื›ึผึธืœ ืžึดื™ ืฉืึถืžึผึทืจึฐื—ึดื™ืง ืขึทืฆึฐืžื•ึน ืžึดืŸ ื”ึทื’ึผึธื–ึตืœ ืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธืชื•ึน ื–ึทื›ึผึธื”, ืฉืึถื ึผึถืึฑืžึทืจ (ืชื”ืœื™ื ื›ื“, ื“): ื ึฐืงึดื™ ื›ึทืคึผึทื™ึดื ื•ึผื‘ึทืจ ืœึตื‘ึธื‘, ืžึทื” ื›ึผึฐืชึดื™ื‘ ืึทื—ึฒืจึธื™ื• (ืชื”ืœื™ื ื›ื“, ื” ื•): ื™ึดืฉึธึผื‚ื ื‘ึฐืจึธื›ึธื” ืžึตืึตืช ื™ึฐ-ื”ึนื•ึธื”, ื–ึถื” ื“ึผื•ึนืจ ื“ึนึผืจึฐืฉึธืื•. (ืคืœืื•ืช ืขื“ื•ืชื™ืš)

ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ืคื ื™ื ืœืชื•ืจื” , ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืชื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืื—ืช
ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืื™ื ื ืœื”ืœื›ื” ืœืžืขืฉื” , ื”ืขืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืืจื•ืช ื™ืชืงื‘ืœื• ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื”
ืœืขื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืฉืžืช ื”ืจื‘ ื—ืคืฅ ื‘ืŸ ืืกืชืจ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืขืœื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื™ื™ืœ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ืช [email protected]

ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il