ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ืœื•ื— ืฉื ื” ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช

ื”ืงื“ืฉืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืืชืจ

ื”ืงื“ืฉ

ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
 ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืžื“ื•ืจื™ื
  • ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ื™ืš
  • ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ืš - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
  • ืคืจืฉืช ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื•ืชื "ืš
  • ื—ื•ืžืฉ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ
  • ื—ืงืช

ืฉืจืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื” ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื’ืจื™ืŸ ืœืขื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืฉืžืช ื™ืงื™ืจื™ื”ื


ืœืฆืขืจื ื• ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื” ืฉื’ื™ืื” ื‘ืงื‘ืœื” ืื• ื”ืฆื’ื” ืฉืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื

ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื”-PDF ื”ืžืฆื•ืจืฃ ืœืฉื™ืขื•ืจ
ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”
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14 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื” โ€ข 60 ื“ืง' ืฆืคื™ื”
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ืืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขืกื“ืจื•ืชืกืคืจื™ื”ืคืกืงื™ ื“ื™ืŸื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš
ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื˜ืจืืžืค
ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ื‘ื” ืžื”ืกื›ืžื” ืœื”ืงืžืช ืžื“ื™ื ื”
ื ืฉื™ื ืืจื”"ื‘ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื” ืฉืขืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืœื™ ื”ืขื–ืจื” ืฉืœ ืืžืจื™ืงื”. ื”ื•ื ืฉื›ื— ืฉืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืงื™ื™ื ืืœืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืœื™ ืขื–ืจืชื•. ื›ืš ื ืœื—ืžื ื• ื‘ืชืฉ"ื— ื‘ืœื™ ื”ืขื–ืจื” ืฉืœ ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื•ื ื™ืฆื—ื ื• ื ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ. ื›ืš ื ื™ืฆื—ื ื• ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ืกื•ืจื™ื” ื•ื™ืจื“ืŸ ื‘ืฉืฉืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืœื™ ืขื–ืจื” ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช. ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื™ื ืœื• ืžื” ืฉืืžืจ ื”ืฉื’ืจื™ืจ ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ืžื™ื™ืง ื”ืืงื‘ื™ ืฉืืžืจื™ืงื” ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ืœื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืื•ื“ ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืœื• ืขืœ ืขื–ืจืชื• ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื, ื•ืžืงื•ื•ื™ื ืฉื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ.
ื‘ืชืฉ"ื— - ืืจื”"ื‘ ื—ื–ืจื” ื‘ื”
ื”ื”ืชื”ืคื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื˜ืจืืžืค ืœื ื—ื“ืฉื” ืœื ื•, ื‘ื›ืกืœื• ืชืฉ"ื— ืชืžื›ื” ืืจื”"ื‘ ื‘"ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื”" ืฉื”ื™ื ืœืชืช ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืงื˜ื ื”. ืืจื‘ืข ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื ืกื•ื’ ืžืžืฉืœ ืืจื”ืดื‘ ืžื”ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื•ื”ืฆื™ืข ืžืฉื˜ืจ ื ืืžื ื•ืช ื–ืžื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืดื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืงืžื” ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืจื”"ื‘. ืœืžืจื•ืช ื—ื–ืจืชื - ืงืžื” ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ.
ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื” ื—ื–ืจื” ื‘ื” ืžื”ืฆื”ืจืช ื‘ืœืคื•ืจ
ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ืš - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื• (710)
ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•
739 - ืคืจืฉืช ืงืจื— ืชืฉืค"ื• - ืืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืชื ื“ืžืฉื” ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื“ื•ืจ ื•ื“ื•ืจ
740 - ืคืจืฉืช ื—ืงืช ืชืฉืค"ื• โ€“ ื”ื’ื™ืข ื–ืžืŸ ื’ืื•ืœืชื›ื
ื˜ืขืŸ ืขื•ื“
ื›ืš ื”ื™ื” ื’ื ืขื ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื” ืฉื”ืฆื”ื™ืจื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื‘ืœืคื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืงืžืช ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืœืขื ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื”ื™ื ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืขื“ ื ื”ืจ ืคืจืช. ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื—ื–ืจื” ื‘ื” ื•ื ืชื ื” ืืช ืขื‘ืจ ื”ื™ืจื“ืŸ ื”ืžื–ืจื—ื™ ืœืขื‘ื“ืืœืœื”, ืžื ืขื” ืžื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืจื“ืคื” ืื—ืจื™ ืื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืขืคื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ, ื•ื”ืชืขืœืžื” ืžืคืจืขื•ืช ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืชืงื•ืคืช ืฉืœื˜ื•ื ื”. ื–ื” ืœื ืขื–ืจ ืœื”ื, ืœืžืจื•ืช ื—ื–ืจืชื, ืงืžื” ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ.
ืœืคื ื™ื”ื ื—ื–ืจ ื‘ื• ื›ื•ืจืฉ
ื›ืš ื›ื•ืจืฉ ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ื”ืงืžืช ื‘ื™ืช ืฉื ื™, ื—ื–ืจ ื‘ื• ืžื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืชื™ื• ืชื•ืš ืฉื ื” ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ื–ืืช ืงื ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™. ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื• ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ืกื™ืคืจื• ืœืžื” ื”ื•ื ื—ื–ืจ ื‘ื•, "ื™ึธืฆึธื ื›ึผึนืจึถืฉื ืœึฐื˜ึทื™ึผึตืœ ื‘ึผึทืžึผึฐื“ึดื™ื ึธื” ื•ึฐืจึธืึธื” ื”ึทืžึผึฐื“ึดื™ื ึธื” ืฉืื•ึนืžึถืžึถืช. ืึธืžึทืจ ืžึธื” ื˜ึดื™ื‘ึธื”ึผ ืฉืึถืœ ืžึฐื“ึดื™ื ึธื” ื–ื•ึน ืฉืื•ึนืžึถืžึถืช? ืึตื™ื›ึธืŸ ื”ึตื ื”ึทื–ึผึฐื”ึธื‘ึดื™ื ืึตื™ื›ึธืŸ ื”ึตื ื”ึทื›ึผึทืกึผึธืคึดื™ื? ืึธืžึฐืจึตื™ ืœึตื”ึผ: ื•ึฐืœึธืื• ืึทืชึผึฐ ื”ื•ึผื ื“ึผึฐื’ึธื–ึธืจึฐืช ื•ึฐืึธืžึทืจึฐืชึผึธ ื›ึผึธืœ ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธืึดื™ืŸ ื™ึดืคึฐืงึนืŸ ื•ึฐื™ึดื‘ึฐื ื•ึผืŸ ื‘ึผึตื™ืช ืžึดืงึผึฐื“ื‡ืฉืึธื. ืžึดื ึผึธื”ื•ึนืŸ ื“ึผึฐื”ึธื‘ึดื™ื ื•ึผืžึดื ึผึธื”ื•ึนืŸ ื›ึผึทืกึผึธืคึดื™ื ื”ึธื ื“ึผึฐืกึธืœึฐืงึตื™ืŸ ืœึฐืžึดื‘ึฐื ึตื ืžึดืงึผึฐื“ึทืฉืึธื. ื‘ึผึฐื”ึทื”ึดื™ื ืฉืึทืขึฒืชึธื ื’ึผึธื–ึทืจ ื•ึฐืึธืžึทืจ: ื“ึผึทืขึฒื‘ึทืจ ืคึผึฐืจึธืช โ€“ ืขึธื‘ึทืจ, ื“ึผึฐืœึธื ืขึธื‘ึทืจ - ืœึนื ื™ึทืขึฒื‘ึนืจ" (ืžื“ืจืฉ ืจื‘ื” ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื - ืคืจืฉื” ื” ืคืกืงื” ื”. ืžืจืฉ"ื™ ืขื–ืจื ื“ ื›ื“)
ืคืจืขื” ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื‘ื•
ืœืคื ื™ื• ื—ื–ืจ ื‘ื• ืคืจืขื” ื›ืžื” ืคืขืžื™ื ืžื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืชื• ืœืฉื—ืจืจ ืืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื. ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ื•ื—ื–ืจ ื‘ื• ื‘ืžื›ืช ืฆืคืจื“ืข. ืžื›ืช ืขืจื•ื‘ ื•ืžื›ืช ื‘ืจื“. ื”ื—ื–ืจื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ืจื“ื™ืคื” ืื—ืจื™ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ื˜ื‘ื™ืขื” ื”ืžืคื•ืืจืช ืฉืœื• ื‘ื™ื ืกื•ืฃ. ื’ื ื›ืืŸ ืœื ืขื–ืจื” ืœื• ื”ื—ื–ืจื” ืฉืœื• - ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ื‘ื“ืจื›ื ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื™ื“ ืจืžื” ื•ื”ื•ื ื˜ื‘ืข ื‘ื™ื.
ื”ืจื•ืžืื™ื ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื
ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื• ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ (ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืกื“ ื™) ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืฉื’ื ื”ืจื•ืžืื™ื ื—ื–ืจื• ื‘ื”ื. "ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ื—ื ื ื™ื” ื’ื–ืจื” ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืจืฉืขื” ืฉื™ื‘ื ื” ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ื•ืฉื™ื‘ื• ืคืคื•ืก ื•ืœื•ืœื™ืื ื•ืก ื˜ืจืคื™ื–ื™ืŸ (ืฉื•ืœื—ื ื•ืช) ืžืขื›ื• ืขื“ ืื ื˜ื•ื›ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื• ืžืกืคืงื™ืŸ ืœืขื•ืœื™ ื’ื•ืœื” ื›ืกืฃ ื•ื–ื”ื‘ ื•ื›ืœ ืฆืจื›ื" ื”ืœื›ื• ื”ื›ื•ืชื™ื ื•ื“ื™ื‘ืจื• ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ืกืจื” ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืจื•ืžืื™ื. ืืžืจื• ื”ืจื•ืžืื™ื ืžื” ื ืขืฉื” ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื ื•? ืืžืจื• ืœื”ื ื”ื›ื•ืชื™ื ืชื’ื–ืจื• ืฉื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื™ืงื•ื ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžืงื•ื. ื•ื”ื™ื• ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืžืชื›ื ืกื™ื ื‘ื‘ืงืขืช ื‘ื™ืช ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ ื•ืจืฆื• ืœืžืจื•ื“ ื‘ืจื•ืžืื™ื. ืขืœื” ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ื—ื ื ื™ื” ื•ื”ืจื’ื™ืข ืืช ื”ืงื”ืœ, ื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืžืจื“ ืฉืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืขืช ื”ื”ื™ื ืœื ื™ื‘ื™ื ืชื•ืขืœืช, ื•ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื ื˜ื‘ื— ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื.
ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื‘ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื ื‘ืฆืข ืืช ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื•ืœื ื‘ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืชื•
ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื”ืจื‘ ื—ืจืœ"ืค ื›ื™ ื”ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ื•ื”ื—ื–ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ื›ื•ืœื ื ื•ืขื“ื” ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื”ืชืขื•ืจืจ ื•ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืขืฆืžื ื•ืœื ื›ืฉืœื•ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช. ื›ืš ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื, ื›ืš ื‘ื”ืงืžืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ืฉื ื™, ื•ื›ืš ื‘ื”ืงืžืช ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•. ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื’ื ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืฉืœ ื˜ืจืืžืค ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืžื›ืœ ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืชื™ื•, ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืื ื• ืœื”ืชื—ื–ืง ื•ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืžืขืŸ ื’ืื•ืœืช ืขืžื ื• ืžื›ื•ื—ื ื•, ืžื›ื— ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœืชืช ืœื ื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ, ื•ืœื ืžื›ื•ื—ื• ืฉืœ ื˜ืจืืžืค.
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ืžืœื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื’ืจื•ืช ื–ื• ื‘ื–ื• โ€“ ื”ื’ื™ืข ื–ืžืŸ ื’ืื•ืœืชื›ื
ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืœื ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืืœื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื›ื
ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ืขืช ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื”ื™ืœื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืžื•"ืจ ืื‘ื ื–ืฆื•ืง"ืœ ื•ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื•ืœืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ ืžื—ื‘"ื“ ื–ืฆื•ืง"ืœ ื‘ื’' ืชืžื•ื–. ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืช ืขื™ืจืง-ืื™ืจืืŸ ื”ืจืื” ืžืจืŸ ืื‘ื ืœืจื‘ ื“ืจื•ืงืžืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ ืืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉืžืชืื™ื ืœืžืื•ืจืขื•ืช ื™ืžื™ื ื•. "ื"ืจ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืฉื ื” ืฉืžืœืš ื”ืžืฉื™ื— ื ื’ืœื” ื‘ื• ื›ืœ ืžืœื›ื™ ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืชื’ืจื™ื ื–ื” ื‘ื–ื”. ืžืœืš ืคืจืก ืžืชื’ืจื” ื‘ืžืœืš ืขืจื‘ื™ ื•ื”ื•ืœืš ืžืœืš ืขืจื‘ื™ ืœืืจื (ื›ื ืจืื” ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืจื•ืžื - ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื) ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืขืฆื” ืžื”ื. ื•ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืžืœืš ืคืจืก ื•ืžื—ืจื™ื‘ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
ื•ื›ืœ ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืชืจืขืฉื™ื ื•ืžืชื‘ื”ืœื™ื ื•ื ื•ืคืœื™ื ืขืœ ืคื ื™ื”ื ื•ื™ืื—ื•ื– ืื•ืชื ืฆื™ืจื™ื ื›ืฆื™ืจื™ ื™ื•ืœื“ื”. ื•ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืชืจืขืฉื™ื ื•ืžืชื‘ื”ืœื™ื ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื ื‘ื•ื ื•ื ืœืš? ื•ืื•ืžืจ ืœื”ื: ื‘ื ื™ ืืœ ืชืชื™ื™ืจืื•, ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืœื ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืืœื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื›ื ืžืคื ื™ ืžื” ืืชื ืžืชื™ืจืื™ื ืืœ ืชื™ืจืื• ื”ื’ื™ืข ื–ืžืŸ ื’ืื•ืœืชื›ื, ื•ืœื ื›ื’ืื•ืœื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื’ืื•ืœื” ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื›ื™ ื’ืื•ืœื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื” ืœื›ื ืฆืขืจ ื•ืฉืขื‘ื•ื“ ืžืœื›ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื’ืื•ืœื” ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืื™ืŸ ืœื›ื ืฆืขืจ ื•ืฉืขื‘ื•ื“ ืžืœื›ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื”" (ื™ืœืงื•ื˜ ืฉืžืขื•ื ื™ ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ืก ืชืฆื˜).
ื”ืจื‘ื™ ืžื—ื‘"ื“ โ€“ ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ืงืฅ ืžื’ื•ืœื” ืžื–ื”
ื’ื ื”ืจื‘ื™ ืžื—ื‘"ื“ ื”ื™ื” ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืขืœ ืžื“ืจืฉ ื–ื” ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ืงืฉืจ. ื›ืš ืืžืจ ื‘ืฉื ืช ืชืฉื“"ืž ืœืžื•"ืจ ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื–ืฆื•ืง"ืœ ื•ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืคื™ืจื ื–ืฆื•ืง"ืœ: "ื›ืœ ื”ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื‘ืื• ื‘ื—ื–"ืœ ืขืœ ืื•ื“ื•ืช ืกื•ืฃ ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื’ืœื•ืช, ื ืชืงื™ื™ืžื• ื›ื‘ืจ ื•ื›ื•' ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื”ืกื™ืžืŸ ื“"ืžืœื›ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื’ืจื•ืช ืืœื• ื‘ืืœื•" ืฉืขืœ ื–ื” ืืžืจื• ื—ื–"ืœ (ื‘"ืจ ืคืž"ื‘, ื“.) "ืื ืจืื™ืช ืžืœื›ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื’ืจื•ืช ืืœื• ื‘ืืœื• ืฆืคื” ืœืจื’ืœื™ื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื™ื—". ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืกื™ืžื ื™ื ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืงืฅ ื”ืžื’ื•ืœื”, ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื’ืžืจื: ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ืงืฅ ืžื’ื•ืœื” ืžื–ื” ืฉื ืืžืจ: "ื•ืืชื ื”ืจื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื ืคื™ื›ื ืชืชื ื• ื•ืคืจื™ื›ื ืชืฉืื• ืœืขืžื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ื™ ืงืจื‘ื• ืœื‘ื" (ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ืœื•, ื—). ื•ืคื™ืจืฉ ืฉื ืจืฉ"ื™: "ื›ืฉืชืชืŸ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืคืจื™' ื‘ืขื™ืŸ ื™ืคื”, ืื– ื™ืงืจื‘ ื”ืงืฅ" (ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืฆื— , ื ื•ื‘ืคืจืฉ"ื™).
ื”ื’ื™ืข ื–ืžืŸ ื’ืื•ืœืชื›ื
ื‘ืฉื ืช ืชืฉื "ื ื—ื–ืจ ื”ืจื‘ื™ ืขืœ ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉืœ "ืžืœื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื’ืจื•ืช ื–ื• ื‘ื–ื•" ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช, ื•ื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื—ื” ืฉืœื• ืืžืจ ืฉืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืžืคืจืฅ ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื’ืฉืžื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ, ื•ืืœื• ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ืœื›ืš ืฉืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืขืœ ืกืฃ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื”. ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืฉื ืช ืชืฉื "ื‘ "ื›ืคื™ ืฉืจื•ืื™ื ื–ืืช (ื›ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื›ืžื” ืคืขืžื™ื) ื’ื ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืžืื•ืจืขื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื ืชืงื™ื™ืžื• ื›ืžื” ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื”ื—ืœ ืžื”ืกื™ืžืŸ ืฉ"ื”ื’ื™ืข ื–ืžืŸ ื’ืื•ืœืชื›ื" ืžื–ื” ืฉ"ืžืœื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื’ืจื•ืช ื–ื• ื‘ื–ื•" ื‘ืคืจื˜ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ื™ื" (ื‘ืฉื™ื—ืช ื—ื™ื™ ืฉืจื”).
ืœืžื›ื” ืžืฆืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ื›ื•ืจื™ื”ื
ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื”ืจื‘ื™ ื•ื›ืชื‘: "ื›ืš ืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ืฉื”ื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืืจื”"ื‘ ืขืœ ืกืื“ื ื—ื•ืกื™ืŸ (ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื ื™ืฆื—ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื™ื) ื”ื ืžืขืฉื™ ื”' ืฉื ืขืฉื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืื“ื. ื”ื ืคืœืื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื‘ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืชื ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื‘ืฉืจ, ื•ื™ืชื™ืจื” ืžื–ืืช "ืืจืื ื•". ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืขืฆืžื• ืžืจืื” ืืช ื”ื ืคืœืื•ืช (ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื™"ื ื ื™ืกืŸ ื•ื›"ื• ื ื™ืกืŸ ืชืฉื "ื). ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืืžืจื™ืงื” ืžื›ื” ืืช ืขื™ืจืง ืžืชืงื™ื™ื "ืœืžื›ื” ืžืฆืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ื›ื•ืจื™ื”ื ื›ื™ ืœืขื•ืœื ื—ืกื“ื•". ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืฉื™ื™ื›ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื’ืื•ืœื”.
ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืจืง ืœืคืชื•ื— ืืช ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื
ื‘ืฉื ืช ืชืฉื "ื ื”ืจื‘ื™ ื“ืจืฉ ืฉื”ื™ื ืชื”ื™ื” "ืฉื ืช ื ืคืœืื•ืช ืืจืื ื•". ื•ืœืืœื” ืฉืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืื™ืคื” ืจื•ืื™ื ื ืกื™ื ื•ื ืคืœืื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื” ื–ื• ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ื”ื ืกื™ื ื•ื ืคืœืื•ืช ื‘ืขืช ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ืคื•ืจื™ื? ืืžืจ ื”ืจื‘ื™ ืฉื”ื ื™ืกื™ื ืžื•ืœ ืขื™ื ื™ื ื•, ืžืชืคืจืกืžื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืชื•ื ื•ืช, ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ, ื ืจืื” ืืช ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื ืฉื ืขืฉื™ื "ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• (ื‘ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ื”ื ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื).
ื™ืจื™ื“ืช ื”ืจื•ืข ื•ืขืœื™ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘
ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ืจื•ืข ื•ื‘ืื ื˜ื™ืฉืžื™ื•ืช โ€“ ื”ื›ื ื” ืœืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื’ืœื•ื™ื•ืช
ืขื•ื“ ืืžืจ ื”ืจื‘ื™ ื›ื™ ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื”ืœื ืจื—ื•ืง ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืื ื˜ื™ืฉืžื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืจื•ืกื™ื” ื•ืื™ืจื•ืคื”. ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ืฉ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื ื˜ื™ืฉืžื™ื•ืช ืื‘ืœ ื™ื ื‘ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื•ื–ื” ืกื™ืžืŸ ืœื’ืื•ืœื” "ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื—ื–ืงื•ืช ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื•ืžืฉืชื ื™ื ืกื“ืจื™ ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ ืฆื“ืง ื•ื™ื•ืฉืจ, ืžืขื™ืŸ ื•ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ื•ื”ื›ื ื” ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื•ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื™ื—, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ โ€“ ื ืชื™ื ืช ื—ื•ืคืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืขื ื™ื ื™ ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื”, ืขื“ ืœื™ืฆื™ืืชื ืฉืœ ืžืื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืœื—ื™ืจื•ืช, ืžืขื™ืŸ ื•ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื•ื”ื›ื ื” ืœืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื’ืœื•ื™ื•ืช (ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืดื˜ื•ืขืžื™ื” ื—ื™ื™ื ื–ื›ื•ืด) ื‘ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื™ื— (ืฉื™ื—ืช ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืชื ืฉ"ื).
ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ื—ืกื“ ื‘ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื โ€“ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื”'
ืขืœ ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ื›ื™ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ื "ื‘ืขืฆืžื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื—ืกื“, ืฉืžื’ืœื™ื ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื”"ื‘ ืœื‘ื™ืจื” ื–ื•, ื›ื”ื›ื ื” ืœ"ื•ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื”' ื”ืžืœื•ื›ื”" ื‘ื’ืื•ืœื” ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ื•ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื”, ืœื ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื™' ืคืขื, ืฉื“ื•ืงื ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ (ืืข"ืค ืฉ"ืืชื ื”ืžืขื˜ ืžื›ืœ ื”ืขืžื™ื"), ื”ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื“ื“ื™ืจื” ื‘ืชื—ืชื•ื ื™ื, ื•ืื—ื“ื•ืช ืžืžืœื›ื™ื•ืช ืื•ื”"ืข ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื›ื–ืจื™ ืื—ืช ืืœ ื”ืฉื ื™ื”, ื•ื”ืชืขืกืงื• ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืชื•ืขืœืช ืขืฆืžืŸ, ืื• ื‘ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช".
ืงืจื™ืกืช ืžืœื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจืฉืข ื‘ืขื•ืœื
ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื”ื™ื ืงืจื™ืกืช ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืจืฉืข ืฉืœ ืจื•ืกื™ื” ืฉื“ื™ื›ืื” ื‘ืžืฉืš 70 ืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื, ืืกืจื• ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื•ืžื ืขื• ืžื”ื ืœืขื–ื•ื‘ ืืช ืืจืฆื ื•ื”ืฉืœื™ื›ื• ืจื‘ื™ื ืœืžื—ื ื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื” ื‘ืกื™ื‘ื™ืจ. "ื•ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืจื•ืื™ื ืื™ืš ืฉื™ื—ืก ื–ื” ืœื‘ื "ื™ ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช, ืขื“ ื’ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื”ื™ื, ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื™ื• (ืขื“ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”) ื”ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื "ื™ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื ื‘ืชื•ืž"ืฆ ื•ื’ื ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื™ืฆื™ืืชื ืžืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื”ื™ื โ€“ ื•ื›ืขืช ื ืฉืชื ื” ื™ื—ืกื, ืฉืžืชื™ืจื™ื ืœื‘ื "ื™ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืชื•ืž"ืฆ, ื•ืžืชื™ืจื™ื ืœื‘ื "ื™ ืœืฆืืช ืžืฉื (ืœืœื ื”ื”ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื• ืคืขื), ื•ืื“ืจื‘ื” โ€“ ื”ื ืืฃ ืžืกื™ื™ืขื™ื ืœื‘ื "ื™ ืœื ืกื•ืข ืœืืจืฅ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ. ืžืขื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื ื” ืœื”ืกื™ื•ืข ื“ืื•ื”"ืข ืฉื‘ื "ื™ ื™ืฆืื• ืžื”ื’ืœื•ืช ื•ื™ืœื›ื• ืœืืจืฅ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื‘ื’ืื•ืœื” ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ื•ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื”".
ื•ื›ืชืชื• ื—ืจื‘ื•ืชื ืœืื™ืชื™ื
ืžืื– ื™ืžื™ ื”ืจื‘ื™ ื•ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉืขื•ื“ ื”ื—ื–ื™ืงื• ื‘ืžืฉื˜ืจื™ื ื›ืืœื” ืœืงืจื•ืก. ื›ืš ืงื•ืจืกื•ืช ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืจืฉืข: ืกื•ืจื™ื”, ื•ื•ื ืฆื•ืืœื” ื•ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ื”ืจืฉืข ืฉืœ ื—ืžืืก ื—ื™ื–ื‘ืืœืœื” ื•ื”ื—ื•ืชื™ื, ืฉื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืืช ื“ืจืš ื”ืจื•ืข ื”ื–ื” ื•ื ื›ืฉืœื•. ื›ืŸ ื“ื™ื‘ืจ ื”ืจื‘ื™ ืขืœ ื”ืกื›ื ืœืฆืžืฆื•ื ืขื•ืœืžื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื ืฉืง ื”ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืฉืคืขืช ืจื•ื—ื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื™ื— ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืขืžื™ื "ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื•ื”ื›ืจื–ืช ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžืขืžื“ ื•ืžืฆื‘ ื“"ื•ื›ืชืชื• ื—ืจื‘ื•ืชื ืœืืชื™ื" โ€“ ื‘ืขืจื‘ ืฉื‘ืช ืคืจืฉืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื: "ื•ื›ืชืชื• ื—ืจื‘ื•ืชื ืœืืชื™ื" ื”ื•ื ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื•ืžื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ ื’ื ื‘ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืื“ื ("ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื"), ืฉื”ืจื™, ืฉื›ืœ ืื ื•ืฉื™ ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืงื™ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืข"ืค ืฆื“ืง ื•ื™ื•ืฉืจ, ืข"ื™ ืฉืœื™ืœืช ืžืœื—ืžื” ืฉืžื‘ื™ืื” ื”ืจืก ื•ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ, ืจื—ืžื ื ืœื™ืฆืœืŸ, ื•ืขื“ ืฉื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืฉื‘ื™ืจืช ื›ืœื™ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ("ื•ื›ืชืชื• ื—ืจื‘ื•ืชื") ื•ื”ืคื™ื›ืชื ืœื›ืœื™ื ืฉืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืชื•ืขืœืช ืœื™ืฉื•ื‘ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ("ืืชื™ื").
ื•ืืขืค"ื›, ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชื ื”ืœื• ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉื’ืจืžื• ื”ืจืก ื•ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื‘ืขื•ืœื โ€“ ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื”ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™. ื•ืขืœ ื›ืจื—ืš ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ืœื›ืš ืฉื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื ื™ื›ืจืช ื”ืฉืื™ืคื” ืœื’ืžืจ ื•ืœืกื™ื•ื ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื•ื”ืชื—ืœืช ืชืงื•ืคื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืงื™ื•ื ื”ืขื•ืœื ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฆื“ืง ื•ื™ื•ืฉืจ, ืฉืœื•ื ื•ืื—ื“ื•ืช, ื›ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื•ื”ื›ืจื–ืช ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืขืจื‘ ืฉื‘ืช ื–ื”, ื”ื™ื (ืœื ืจืง ืžืฆื“ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื”ืฉื›ืœ ["ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื"], ืฉื”ืจื™ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื™ื” ื’ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœืคื ื™ ื–ื”, ืืœื ื’ื, ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ) ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืžืชืงืจื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืื•ื“ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ื›ืจื™ื–ื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ("ืžืกื™ื ื™") "ื•ื›ืชืชื• ื—ืจื‘ื•ืชื ืœืืชื™ื" (ืคืจืฉืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ืชืฉื "ื‘).
ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ
ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ โ€“ ื›ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ืžืžืฉ
ื‘ืฉื ืช ืชืจืค"ื”, ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ืžื ืฉืœ ื™ืžื™ ืจื“ื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืงื•ืžื•ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ืกื™ื” ื”ืกื•ื‘ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืช, ื•ืชื—ืช ืžืขืงื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืคื•ืกืงื•ืช, ื ืœื—ื ื”ืจื‘ื™ ื”ืจื™ื™"ืฆ ืœืžืขืŸ ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื’ื—ืœืช ื”ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื ืชื›ื‘ื”. ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ืœื—ืกื™ื“ ืื—ื“ ืฉื™ืขืฉื” ื‘ืจื•ืกื™ื” ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื”ืจื‘ื™ ื‘ื”ืชื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช (ืชืฉื“ืž 1522 ื•ืื™ืœืš) ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืื•ืžืจืช "ื•ื›ื™ ืชื‘ื•ืื• ืืœ ื”ืืจืฅ" ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”. ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžืกืชืžืš ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจื™ื™"ืฆ ื•ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชืขื›ื‘ ื‘ื’ืœื•ืช, ืจื—ืžื ื ืœื™ืฆืœืŸ, ืขื•ื“ ืจื’ืข ืื—ื“, ืื–ื™ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื• ืฉื”ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ื™ื "ื›ื™ ืชื‘ื•ืื• ืืœ ื”ืืจืฅ" โ€“ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”". ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืกืชืคืง ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช. ื•ื–ื• ื”ืœื›ื” ืคืกื•ืงื” ืœื›ืœ ื”ื“ืขื•ืช ืœืœื ื›ืœ ืคืœื•ื’ืชื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ.
ืชืฉื "ื - ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืžืจื•ืกื™ื” ื›ืžื• ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื
ื›ืš ืืžืจ ื”ืจื‘ื™ ื‘ืฉื ืช ืชืฉื "ื ืฉื™ืฆืื• ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืžืจื•ืกื™ื” ืฉื”ื ื›ืžื• ื”ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืžืžืฆืจื™ื: "ืื—ื™ื ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื™ืฆืื• ื–ื” ืขืชื” (ื•ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ื›ืขืช) ื‘"ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื", ืž"ืžืฆืจื™ื" (ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ืžื™ืฆืจื™ื ื•ื’ื‘ื•ืœื™ื) ื“ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื”ื™ื (ืื•ืจ ืœื™ื•ื ื“' ืค' ืฉืžื™ื ื™, ื›"ื• ื ื™ืกืŸ ื”'ืชื ืฉ"ื). ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฉื ื” "ืขื ื™ืŸ ื ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ื”ืžืื•ืจืขื•ืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื ืกื™ื ื•ื ืคืœืื•ืช โ€“ ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืฉืœ ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืžืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื”ื™ื, ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื.
ื”ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืžืจื•ืกื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื“ื•ื•ืงื
ืœืื—ืจื™ ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื—ืจ ืœื’ืžืจื™, ืฉื‘ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืœื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœืฆืืช ืžืฉื โ€“ ื”ืจื™ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ืฉื ื” ื–ื• ื•ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืœืคื ื™' ืคืชื—ื” ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื–ื• ืืช ืฉืขืจื™' ืœืฉื—ืจืจ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืœื ืกื•ืข ืœืืจืฅ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ. โ€โ€ื”ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืžืจื•ืกื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื“ื•ื•ืงื [ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืื, ืžืื™ื–ื• ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืชื”ื™', ื”ืชืขื›ื‘ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ืœืคื™ ืฉืขื” (ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ืื• ืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™' ื•ื›ื™ื•"ื‘) ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘ ื”ื ื™ื’ื™ืขื• (ื‘ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื•ืžืชื•ืš ืฉืžื—ื” ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื‘ื‘) ืœืืจืฅ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ, ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืชื™ื”ื]".
ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ื”ื™ื ื’ืœื•ืช, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ
ื‘ื›"ื– ื˜ื‘ืช ืชืฉื "ื ืืžืจ ื”ืจื‘ื™ ื‘ืขืช ื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื ืœืžืจ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื“ื•ื“ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืืžื•ืจ ืœื ืื•ื ื‘ื›ื ืก ื‘ืงื•ื•ื™ื ืก ืœืคื ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืฉื™ืฆืื• ืžืจื•ืกื™ื” ื•ืขื‘ืจื• ืœื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง: "ืชื•ืกื™ืฃ ืœื”ื ื‘ืฉืžื™ ืฉืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ื’ืœื•ืช ืจื•ืกื™ื” ื‘ื’ืœื•ืช ืืžืจื™ืงื”, ื–ื”ื• ื’ื ื›ืŸ ื—ื™ืœื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ื’ืœื•ืช ื‘ื’ืœื•ืช, ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ื’ืœื•ืช ื‘ื’ืื•ืœื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื”. ื–ืืช ืื•ืžืจืช - ืืจืฆื ื• ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื”, ืืจืฅ ืืฉืจ ืขื™ื ื™ ื”' ืืœื•ืงื™ืš ื‘ื” ืžืจืืฉื™ืช ืฉื ื” ืขื“ ืื—ืจื™ืช ืฉื ื”".
ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ืขืช ื‘ื’ืื•ืœื”
ื”ืคื’ื™ืฉื” ืขื ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื–ืฆื•ืง"ืœ
ื‘ืฉื™ื—ื” ืขื ืžืจืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื–ืฆื•ืง"ืœ ืืžืจ ื”ืจื‘ื™ ืฉื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื”ื™ื ืžืžืฉ ื›ืืŸ: "ืœื ื–ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืฉืกื•ืฃ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ืœื‘ื•ื, ืืœื ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืขืœ ืกืฃ ื”ืคืชื— ื•ืžื—ื›ื” ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื—ืช ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื™ืคืชื— ืืช ื”ื“ืœืช ื•"ื™ืกื—ื•ื‘" ืืช ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ืœืชื•ืš ื”ื—ื“ืจ" (ื•' ื‘ืžืจื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉื "ื‘). ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื—ื–ืจ ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืชื ืฉื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื "ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืœืคืงื•ื— ืืช ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื•ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ ืคื”. ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื–ื” ื™ืคืชื— ืืช ื”ืœื‘ ื•ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืื–ื ื™ื โ€“ ืฉื™ื‘ื™ื ื•, ื™ืจืื• ื•ื™ืฉืžืขื• ื‘ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ืžืžืฉ ื‘ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื โ€“ ืืช ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ื•ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื” ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืžืžืฉ".
ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื ื”ืขื›ืฉื•ื•ื™ื - ืฉื ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื•ื ื™ืฆื ืžืžืฆืจื™ื
ืขื•ื“ ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ืฉื”ื ื™ืกื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื’ืื•ืœื” ืžืžืฉ. "ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ ืฉื”ื ืกื™ื ื”ืขื›ืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื™ื ื•ืžื—ื–ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ืจื’ืฉ ืืฆืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ "ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื•ื ื™ืฆื ื”ื™ื•ื ืžืžืฆืจื™ื", ื•ืฉ"ืœื ืืช ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื’ืืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืžืžืฆืจื™ื ืืœื ืืฃ ืื•ืชื ื• ื’ืืœ ืขืžื”ื" โ€“ ื’ืื•ืœืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื”ื™ื ื”ื”ืชื—ืœื” ื•ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื•ืช (ื›ื•ืœืœ ืืคื™ืœื• ื’ืื•ืœื” ื“"ื™ื’ืืœื ื• ืžืŸ ื”ืฆืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื•ืช ืขืœื™ื ื• ื›ื•'"), ื›ื "ืœ.
ื›ืฉืœื ืฉืจื™ื ื•ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืœื”' - ืžืขื›ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ืืช ืžืฉื™ื—
ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื”ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš, ืขื“ ืฉื”ื’ืžืจื ืื•ืžืจืช ื›ื™ ื—ื–ืงื™ื”ื• ื”ืžืœืš ืœื ืืžืจ ืฉื™ืจื”, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืœื ื–ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื™ื—. "ื•ืขื•ื“ ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืขื™ืงืจ: ื”ื”ื›ืจื” ื•ื”ื”ื•ื“ืื” ื•ื ืชื™ื ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื— ืœื”' ืขืœ ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉื”, ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื”ื™ื•ืชื ืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืจืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื” โ€“ ื–ื” ื’ื ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื‘ื™ืืช ืžืฉื™ื— ืฆื“ืงื ื• ื‘ื’ืื•ืœื” ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ื•ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื”, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื’ืžืจื ืื•ืžืจืช: "ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื—ื–ืงื™' ืžืฉื™ื—... ืืžืจื” ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืงื‘"ื”... ื—ื–ืงื™' ืขืฉื™ืช ืœื• ื›ืœ ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื ื”ืœืœื• (ืฉื ื™ืฆืœ ืžืกื ื—ืจื™ื‘ ื•ื ืชืจืคื ืžื—ืœื™ื•) ื•ืœื ืืžืจ ืฉื™ืจื” ืœืคื ื™ืš ืชืขืฉื”ื• ืžืฉื™ื—?". ืขืœ-ืคื™ ื–ื” ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืขื ื™ื ื ื•, ืฉืคื™ืจืกื•ืžื™ ื ื™ืกื ืฉืœ ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื‘ื–ืžื ื ื• โ€“ ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื”ื‘ืืช ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ื•ื”ืฉืœืžื” ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืžืžืฉ" (ื•ื™ืฉื‘ ื”ืชืฉื "ื‘).
ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื ื•ืœืจืงื•ื“
ืขื•ื“ ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื”ืจื‘ื™ ื•ืื•ืžืจ, ื›ื™ ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ืขืœ ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืขื“ ืฉื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืขืœื™ื” ื‘ืจื™ืงื•ื“ ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ืžืชืจื—ืฉืช ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื•ืœื ืจืง ืคืขื•ืœื” ืขืชื™ื“ื™ืช: "ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉื ื• ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื• ืขื“ ืฉื™ืจืื” ืืช ื”ื ืกื™ื (ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ืžื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ืงื™ื•ืžื ืœืขืช ืขืชื”) โ€“ ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ื‘ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื›ื™ ืงืœ, ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ ื ื•ืขื ื•ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ ืฉืœื•ื ื•ื‘ืฉืžื—ื” ื•ื‘ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื‘ื‘, ืžืกืคื™ืง ืฉื™ืขื•ืจืจื•ื”ื• ืขืœ ื›ืš ืคืขื ืื—ืช. ื•ื™ื”"ืจ ืฉืœื ื™ืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื•ืœืกืคืจ ืื—ื“ ืœืฉื ื™ ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื ืกื™ื, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื—ื“ ื™ืจืื” ื•ืจื•ืื” ื–ืืช ื‘ื’ืœื•ื™, ืžืจืื” ื‘ืืฆื‘ืขื• ื•ืื•ืžืจ ื–ื”, ื•ืžื›ื™ืจ ื•ืžื•ื“ื” ืœื”' ืขืœ ื”ื ืกื™ื, ืขื“ ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ืžืชื‘ื™ื™ืฉ ืœืฆืืช ื‘ืจื™ืงื•ื“ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื ืกื™ื ื”ื’ืœื•ื™ื™ื".
ืชืฉื "ื‘ - ื”ื›ื ืช ืชื•ืคื™ื ืœื’ืื•ืœื”
ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืœืฉื ื›ืš ืชื•ืคื™ื. ื‘ืฉื™ื—ื” ืœืคืจืฉืช ื‘ืฉืœื— ื”ืชืฉื "ื‘ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื™ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–"ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื›ื™ื ื• ืชื•ืคื™ื ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื. "ื‘ืฉื›ืจ ื ืฉื™ื ืฆื“ืงื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื ื’ืืœื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืžืฆืจื™ื", ื•ืขื“"ื– ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื’ืื•ืœื” ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื” ืœื‘ื•ื, ืขืœื™' ื ืืžืจ "ื›ื™ืžื™ ืฆืืชืš ืžืืจืฅ ืžืฆืจื™ื ืืจืื ื• ื ืคืœืื•ืช", ืฉืชื”ื™' ื‘ืฉื›ืจ ื ืฉื™ื ืฆื“ืงื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื•ืจ, ื›ืžืืจื–"ืœ: "ืื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื ื’ืืœื™ื ืืœื ื‘ืฉื›ืจ ื ืฉื™ื ืฆื“ืงื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื“ื•ืจ". ื•ืžืžืฉื™ืš ื•ืื•ืžืจ "ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ ืข"ืค ื”ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื›ืชื‘ื™ ื”ืืจื™ื–"ืœ ืฉื“ื•ืจ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื” ื”ื•ื ื’ืœื’ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื•ืจ ืฉื™ืฆื ืžืžืฆืจื™ื, ื•ืขืค"ื–, ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืฆื“ืงื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื“ื•ืจื ื• ืฉื‘ื–ื›ื•ืชืŸ ื ื’ืืœื™ื, ื”ืŸ ื”ืŸ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืฆื“ืงื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื–ื›ื•ืชืŸ ื™ืฆืื• ืžืžืฆืจื™ื".
ื ื™ืกื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื˜ื‘ืข
ื ื™ืกื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžื ืก ืคื•ืจื™ื
ื”ืจื‘ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื ืฉืื ื• ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ื”ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ืœื•ื™ื™ื ืžื”ื ื™ืกื™ื ื‘ื—ื’ ื”ืคื•ืจื™ื. "ื•ืื“ืจื‘ื”: ื ืก ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื” ื ืก ื”ืžืœื•ื‘ืฉ ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข, ื›ืš ืฉืจืง ืข"ื™ ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืชื—ืœื” ื“ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืื—ืฉื•ืจื•ืฉ ืขื "ื‘ืฉื ืช ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืœืžืœื›ื•" ื•ืขื "ื‘ืฉื ืช ืฉื‘ืข ืœืžืœื›ื•ืชื•" ื•ืขื "ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื ื™ืกืŸ ื‘ืฉื ืช ืฉืชื™ื ืขืฉืจื” ืœืžืœื›ื•ืชื•" ื•ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช ืืกืชืจ ืœืื—ืฉื•ืจื•ืฉ ื•ื”ืžืŸ ื•ื›ื•' โ€“ ื•ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืžื›ืœ ื–ื” ื”ืžืฉืš ื•ืขื ื™ืŸ ืื—ื“ ื•ืžืชื‘ื•ื ื ื™ื ื‘ื–ื” โ€“ ื ื™ื›ืจ ื‘ื• ื™ื“ ื”ืฉื. ืžืฉื"ื› ื‘ืžืื•ืจืขื•ืช ื”ืขื›ืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืžืชืจื—ืฉื™ื ื ืกื™ื ื•ื ืคืœืื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื™ื™ื, ื’ืœื•ื™ื™ื ืœื ืจืง ืœื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืืœื ื’ื ืœืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื (ืฉื™ื—ืช ื›"ื• ื ื™ืกืŸ ืชื ืฉ"ื).
ื‘ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื™ื— - ื ื™ืกื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื˜ื‘ืข
ื”ืจื‘ื™ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื™ื— ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื ื™ืกื™ื ืžืขืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข, ืืœื ื ื™ืกื™ื ืžืœื•ื‘ืฉื™ื ื‘ื˜ื‘ืข, "ืขื•ืœื ื›ืžื ื”ื’ื• ื”ื•ืœืš, ืืœื ืฉื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืชื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื“ึผึฐืึธืžึทืจ ืฉืึฐืžื•ึผืึตืœ, ืึตื™ืŸ ื‘ึผึตื™ืŸ ื”ึธืขื•ึนืœึธื ื”ึทื–ึผึถื” ืœึดื™ืžื•ึนืช ื”ึทืžึผึธืฉืึดื™ื—ึท, ืึถืœึผึธื ืฉืึดืขึฐื‘ึผื•ึผื“ ืžืœื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ึผึดืœึฐื‘ึทื“" (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืœื“ ืข"ื‘. ืจืžื‘"ื ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื˜, ื‘). ื•ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื–ื” "ืชืจื‘ื” ื”ื“ืขื” ื•ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ื•ื”ืืžืช" (ืœืงื•"ืฉ ื—ื›"ื– 198). ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ "ืœืืžื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืจื™ ื”ื ืกื™ื ื”ืžื•ืœื‘ืฉื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ ื˜ื‘ืข ื ืขืœื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ื ืกื™ื ื”ื’ืœื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืœืžืขืœื” ืžื”ื˜ื‘ืข" (ืฉื™ื—ืช ืฉืœื— ืชืฉื›"ื‘).
ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืžืœื›ื™ื (ื™"ื‘ ื'): "ืืœ ื™ืขืœื” ืขืœ ื”ืœื‘ ืฉื‘ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื™ื— ื™ื‘ื˜ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืžื ื”ื’ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ืื• ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฉื ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช, ืืœื ืขื•ืœื ื›ืžื ื”ื’ื• ื ื•ื”ื’. ื•ื–ื” ืฉื ืืžืจ ื‘ื™ืฉืขื™ื” 'ื•ื’ืจ ื–ืื‘ ืขื ื›ื‘ืฉ ื•ื ืžืจ ืขื ื’ื“ื™ ื™ืจื‘ืฅ' ืžืฉืœ ื•ื—ื™ื“ื”. ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื‘ื˜ื— ืขื ืจืฉืขื™ ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืœื™ื ื›ื–ืื‘ ื•ื ืžืจ". ืœืžืจื•ืช ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ืื•ืžืจ ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ืจืžื™ื”ื•, ืฉื”ื ื™ืกื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื™ื— ื™ื”ื™ื• ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžื”ื ื™ืกื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื.
ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” โ€“ ื ืจืื” ืฉื—ื•ืจ ื•ื”ื›ื™ ืื•ืจ
ืœื ืœืคื—ื“ ืžื”ืชื’ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืฉืš
ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ืื•ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื’ืื•ืœื” ื”ื—ื•ืฉืš ืžื ืกื” ืœื›ืกื•ืช ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ. "ื™ืฉ ืœื•ืžืจ, ืฉื”ื”ืชืงืจื‘ื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืืช ืžืฉื™ื—-ืฆื“ืงื ื• ื”ื™ื ื’ื ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืฉืš ื‘ืขื•ืœื โ€“ ืฉื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืชื’ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื ืขืฉื™ืช ื’ื ื”ืชื’ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืœืขื•ืžืช-ื–ื” ืฉืžื ื’ื“ ืœื‘ื™ืืช ืžืฉื™ื— ืฆื“ืงื ื•, ื•ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืœื—ื•ื ืขื ื”ืžื ื’ื“, ืฉื–ื”ื• ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ "ื™ืœื—ื ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื”'" ืขื“ ืฉ"ื ืฆื—" (ืžื”ืชื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืช-ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืคืจืฉืช ืžืงืฅ, ืฉื‘ืช ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ื”'ืชืฉื "ื‘). ืžืขื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื—ืงืช ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืจืช ืขืœ ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืœืคื ื™ ื›ื ื™ืกืชื ืœืืจืฅ.
ืžื™ืชืช ืžืจื™ื ื•ืžื™ ืžืจื™ื‘ื”
ื”ืคืจืฉื” ื”ื–ื• ืžืจื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื—ื•ืฉืš. ืžืจื™ื ืžืชื” ื‘ื' ื ื™ืกืŸ. ื”ืขื ืื•ืžืจ "ื•ึฐืœึธืžึธื” ื”ึถืขึฑืœึดื™ืชึปื ื•ึผ ืžึดืžึผึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื ืœึฐื”ึธื‘ึดื™ื ืึนืชึธื ื•ึผ ืึถืœ ื”ึทืžึผึธืงื•ึนื ื”ึธืจึธืข ื”ึทื–ึผึถื” ืœึนื ืžึฐืงื•ึนื ื–ึถืจึทืข ื•ึผืชึฐืึตื ึธื” ื•ึฐื’ึถืคึถืŸ ื•ึฐืจึดืžึผื•ึนืŸ ื•ึผืžึทื™ึดื ืึทื™ึดืŸ ืœึดืฉืึฐืชึผื•ึนืช". ืžืฉื” ืžื›ื” ื‘ืกืœืข ื•ื—ื•ื˜ื ื‘ืžื™ ืžืจื™ื‘ื”, ื ื’ื–ืจ ืขืœื™ื• ื•ืขืœ ืื”ืจื•ืŸ ืœื ืœื”ื›ื ืก ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื•ื ืขื•ืฆืจื™ื ืืช ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœื ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื”ื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื“ืจื›ื ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ.
ืžื™ืชืช ืื”ืจื•ืŸ ื•ืžืœื—ืžืช ืื—ื™ื
ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฉื ื” ื‘ื' ืื‘ ืžืช ืื”ืจื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืกืชืœืงื• ืขื ื ื™ ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“. ืžื™ื“ ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืžืœื—ืžืช ืขืจื“ ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืขืžืœืงื™ื ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืžื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื ืฆื—ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื•ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืžืคื•ื—ื“ื™ื ื•ื‘ื•ืจื—ื™ื ืœืื—ืจื™ื”ื ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืžืกืขื•ืช. "ืžื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืช ืื”ืจืŸ ื ืกืชืœืงื• ืขื ื ื™ ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื•ื‘ืงืฉื• ื”ื›ื ืขื ื™ื ืœื”ืชื’ืจื•ืช ื‘ื. ื”ื“ื ื”ื•ื ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื) 'ื•ื™ืฉืžืข ื”ื›ื ืขื ื™ ืžืœืš ืขืจื“ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื”ื ื’ื‘ ื›ื™ ื‘ื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื“ืจืš ื”ืืชืจื™ื ื•ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ'. ืžื”ื• ื“ืจืš ื”ืืชืจื™ื ื›ื™ ืžืช ื”ืชื™ื™ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืชืจ ืœื”ื ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš. ื•ื‘ืื• ื•ื ืชื’ืจื• ื‘ื”ื ื•ื‘ืงืฉื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ื ืกืขื• ืœืื—ื•ืจื™ื”ืŸ ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืžืกืขื•ืช. ื•ืจืฅ ืื—ืจื™ื• ืฉื‘ื˜ื• ืฉืœ ืœื•ื™ ื•ื”ืจื’ ืžืžื ื• ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืืฃ ื”ื ื”ืจื’ื• ืžืžื ื• ืืจื‘ืข ืœืขืžืจืžื™ ืœื™ืฆื”ืจื™ ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ื ื™ ืœืขื–ื™ืืœื™" (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ื™ื•ืžื ื ื).
ืขื•ืงืคื™ื ืืช ืื“ื•ื โ€“ ื ื—ืฉื™ื ืฉืจืคื™ื
ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ื•ืจื“ื™ื ืžืขืจื“ ืœื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืื™ืœืช ืขื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฉื ื•ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืžื™ื ืกื•ืฃ ืœืžื–ืจื—. ืขื•ืงืคื™ื ืืช ืืจืฅ ืื“ื•ื ืžืžื–ืจื—. "ื•ึทื™ึผึดืกึฐืขื•ึผ ืžึตื”ึนืจ ื”ึธื”ึธืจ ื“ึผึถืจึถืšึฐ ื™ึทื ืกื•ึผืฃ ืœึดืกึฐื‘ึผึนื‘ ืึถืช ืึถืจึถืฅ ืึฑื“ื•ึนื ื•ึทืชึผึดืงึฐืฆึทืจ ื ึถืคึถืฉื ื”ึธืขึธื ื‘ึผึทื“ึผึธืจึถืšึฐ" (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืคืจืง ื›ื ื“). ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชืœื•ื ืŸ ืขืœ ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื "ื•ึทื™ึฐื“ึทื‘ึผึตืจ ื”ึธืขึธื ื‘ึผึตืืœึนื”ึดื™ื ื•ึผื‘ึฐืžืฉืึถื” ืœึธืžึธื” ื”ึถืขึฑืœึดื™ืชึปื ื•ึผ ืžึดืžึผึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื ืœึธืžื•ึผืช ื‘ึผึทืžึผึดื“ึฐื‘ึผึธืจ ื›ึผึดื™ ืึตื™ืŸ ืœึถื—ึถื ื•ึฐืึตื™ืŸ ืžึทื™ึดื ื•ึฐื ึทืคึฐืฉืึตื ื•ึผ ืงึธืฆึธื” ื‘ึผึทืœึผึถื—ึถื ื”ึทืงึผึฐืœึนืงึตืœ" (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื ื”). ืฉื ื”ื ื ืขื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื ื—ืฉื™ื ื”ืฉืจืคื™ื. "ื•ึทื™ึฐืฉืึทืœึผึทื— ื”' ื‘ึผึธืขึธื ืึตืช ื”ึทื ึผึฐื—ึธืฉืึดื™ื ื”ึทืฉึผื‚ึฐืจึธืคึดื™ื ื•ึทื™ึฐื ึทืฉึผืึฐื›ื•ึผ ืึถืช ื”ึธืขึธื ื•ึทื™ึผึธืžึธืช ืขึทื ืจึธื‘ ืžึดื™ึผึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ".
ืขื•ืงืคื™ื ืืช ืžื•ืื‘ ื•ื ื™ืฆืœื™ื ืžืžืืจื‘
ืžืงื™ืคื™ื ืืช ืžื•ืื‘ ืžืžื–ืจื— "ื•ึทื™ึผึดืกึฐืขื•ึผ ืžึตืึนื‘ึนืช ื•ึทื™ึผึทื—ึฒื ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐืขึดื™ึผึตื™ ื”ึธืขึฒื‘ึธืจึดื™ื ื‘ึผึทืžึผึดื“ึฐื‘ึผึธืจ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืขึทืœ ืคึผึฐื ึตื™ ืžื•ึนืึธื‘ ืžึดืžึผึดื–ึฐืจึทื— ื”ึทืฉึผืึธืžึถืฉื". ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืžืกืข ื”ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœื ื—ืœ ืืจื ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืกื™ื—ื•ืŸ ืžืœืš ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืื‘. ืฉื ื ืขืฉื” ืœื”ื ื ืก ื ื—ืœ ืืจื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื™ืจื”. ื•ื ืœื—ืžื™ื ื‘ืกื™ื—ื•ืŸ ืžืœืš ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ ืœืงืจืืช ืกื•ืฃ ืืœื•ืœ. "ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืžืœื—ืžืช ืกื™ื—ื•ืŸ ืขืฉื• ื‘ืืœื•ืœ ื•ืขืฉื• ืืช ื”ืจื’ืœ ื‘ืชืฉืจื™ ื•ืื—ืจ ื”ืจื’ืœ ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ืขื•ื’" (ืžื“ืจืฉ ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื˜ ืœื‘). ื‘ื›"ื’ ืชืฉืจื™ ื”ื ื ืœื—ืžื™ื ื‘ืขื•ื’ ืžืœืš ื”ื‘ืฉืŸ. ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื”ื ื ืคืจืกื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื”ื™ืจื“ืŸ ื”ืžื–ืจื—ื™ ื‘ืขืจื‘ื•ืช ืžื•ืื‘ (ืกื“ืจ ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช). ื‘ืœืง ื‘ืŸ ืฆื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ื ืœืงืœืœ ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœื ืžืฆืœื™ื—. ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื—ื•ื˜ืื™ื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื‘ื ื•ืช ืžื•ืื‘ ื•ืžื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืžืชื™ื 24 ืืœืฃ ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ.
ืฉื ื” ืฉืœ ืื•ืจ - ืžื™ืชืช ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืžื›ืคืจืช
ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ืฉื–ื• ืฉื ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืงืฉื” ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ืืขืค"ื› ื–ื• ืฉื ื” ืฉืœ ืื•ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ. ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฉื ื” ื”ื ืžื ืฆื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ืคื—ื“, ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืœืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ืกื™ื—ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ืขื•ื’ ืžืœืš ื”ื‘ืฉืŸ ื•ืžื ืฆื—ื™ื ื ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ. ื”ื ืžื ืฆื—ื™ื ื’ื ืืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื™ื ื™ื, ื•ื‘ื ื™ ืžื ืฉื” ื›ื•ื‘ืฉื™ื ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื ืจื—ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื”ื™ืจื“ืŸ ื”ืžื–ืจื—ื™. ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื• ืืžืจื• ืฉื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฉื ื” ื‘ื˜"ื• ื‘ืื‘ ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ืœืฉืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ ืฉื ืคืกืง ืžืžืฉื” ื‘ืžืฉืš 38 ืฉื ื” ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืืœื™ื•.
ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื• ืœืžื“ื• ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื”ื–ื• ืฉืžื™ืชืช ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืžื›ืคืจืช ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ืžื™ ืœื ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืžืžืฉื” ืื”ืจื•ืŸ ื•ืžืจื™ื. ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืกืคืจืช ืœื ื• ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื”ื–ื• ืขืœ ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ืฉืžื˜ื”ืจืช ืืช ื”ื˜ื•ืžืื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื˜ื•ืžืืช ืžืช. ื–ืืช ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉื–ื• ื”ืฉื ื” ืฉื‘ื” ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ื˜ื”ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ืื—ืจืช.
ื˜ึทื‘ ืžึดืœึผึฐื’ึธืื• ื•ึผืœึฐื‘ื•ึผืฉืึธื ื“ึดื™ืœึตื™ื”ึผ ื‘ึผึดื™ืฉื โ€“ ื“ื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื™ื—
ืขืœ ื–ื” ืืžืจื• ื‘ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ืžืฉื™ื— ื”ื•ื ืขึธื ึดื™ ื•ึฐืจื•ึนื›ึตื‘ ืขึทืœ ื—ึฒืžื•ึนืจ (ื–ื›ืจื™ื” ื˜ ื˜). ื˜ึทื‘ ืžึดืœึผึฐื’ึธืื• ื•ึผืœึฐื‘ื•ึผืฉืึธื ื“ึดื™ืœึตื™ื”ึผ ื‘ึผึดื™ืฉื (ืชื™ืงื•ื ื™ ื–ื”ืจ ื“ืฃ ืฆื’/ื‘). ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื›ืฉืจื•ืื™ื ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื ืจืื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื‘ื™ืฉ, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื•ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื’ื ื•ื– ื‘ื”ื, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื“ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื’ืื•ืœื”, ื“ื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื™ื— ืฉื™ื‘ื•ื ื‘ืžื”ืจื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•. ืืžืŸ.

ืกื™ืคื•ืจ
ื”ืจื‘ ืœื ื ืฉืืจ ื—ื™ื™ื‘
ืื—ื“ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื ื—ืžื™ื ืฉืฉืžืขื ื• ื”ื™ื” ืกื™ืคื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืงื•ืฉืจ ืžืื•ื“ ืœืจื‘ื™ ืžื—ื‘"ื“ ืข"ื”. ื•ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืกื™ืคืจ ื‘"ืฉื‘ืขื”": ื“ืขื• ืœื›ื ื›ื™ ืžืื– ืฉื—ื–ืจืชื™ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ื›ืœ ืฆืขื“ ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ื‘ื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฆื•ืช ืขื ื”ืจื‘ื™ ืžื—ื‘"ื“ โ€“ ื”ืŸ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื, ื”ืŸ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ืขืกืงื™ื ืฉืœื™, ืฉืคืจื•ืกื™ื ืขืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช.
ื›ืฉื”ืจื‘ื™ ืžื—ื‘"ื“ ื ืคื˜ืจ, ืœื ื”ืกื›ืžืชื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื”ื–ืืช ื•ืœื ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืขืœืžื™ืŸ. ืœื ื”ืืžื ืชื™ ืฉื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืื™ืฉ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื•ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ, ืฉืžื—ื‘ืจ ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืืจืฅ, ื™ื™ืคื˜ืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื™ืขื–ื•ื‘ ืื•ืชื ื• ืœื‘ื“. ืžื™ ื™ืขื ื” ืœื ื• ื•ืžื™ ื™ื“ืจื™ืš ืื•ืชื ื• ื•ืžื™ ื™ืื™ืจ ืœื ื• ืคื ื™ื?
ื”ืฆื™ืขื• ืœื™ ืœืœื›ืช ืœืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื–ืฆ"ืœ, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื”ื›ื™ ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืจื‘ื™ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื•, ื•ื”ื•ื ื–ื” ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื“ืจื™ืš ืื•ืชื™ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื” ืœื“ืจืš ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ื™ ืžื—ื‘"ื“. ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืœืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™. ืืžืจืชื™ ืœื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉืืœื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืจื‘ ืฉืื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ื‘ืคื ื™ื• ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช. ืฉืืœืชื™ ืื•ืชื• ืื ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืœื™. ื”ืจื‘ ืืžืจ ืœื™: "ืฉืืœ ืืช ืฉืืœื•ืชื™ืš".
ืฉืืœืชื™ ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœื™, ื”ืจื‘ ืขืฆื ืืช ืขื™ื ื™ื• ื•ืืžืจ ืœื™: "ืื™ื ื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื ื•ืช ืœืš ืขืœ ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื–ื•. ืืชื” ืฉืืœืช ืื•ืชื” ืืช ื”ืจื‘ื™, ื•ื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขื ื•ืช ืœืš ืขืœื™ื”".
"ืื™ืš ื”ื•ื ื™ืขื ื” ืœื™?" โ€“ ืฉืืœืชื™.
"ื”ืจื‘ื™ ืœื ื ืฉืืจ ื—ื™ื™ื‘. ืื ืฉืืœืช ืื•ืชื•, ื”ื•ื ื™ืขื ื” ืœืš. ืœืš ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื• ื•ืชืชืคืœืœ ืฉื, ืชื‘ืงืฉ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ื’ื ืชืงื‘ืœ".
"ืื™ืš ืื ื™ ืืงื‘ืœ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”?" โ€“ ืฉืืœืชื™ ื•ืคืจืฆืชื™ ื‘ื‘ื›ื™.
"ืžื” ืื›ืคืช ืœืš ืื™ืš ืชืงื‘ืœ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”? ื”ืขื™ืงืจ ืฉืชืงื‘ืœ".
"ืื ื™ ืœื ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ื™. ืœื ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืœืฉื ืžืขื•ืœื ื•ืœื ืืœืš ืœืฉื ืขื›ืฉื™ื•" โ€“ ืืžืจืชื™ ื•ื™ืฆืืชื™ ืžื”ื—ื“ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื•, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื•ื›ื”. ืœื ื”ืกื›ืžืชื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื–ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืœืจื‘ื™ ื•ืœื ื”ืกื›ืžืชื™ ืœืœื›ืช ืœืฉื. ืœื ื”ืกื›ืžืชื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื–ื” ืฉื”ืจื‘ื™ ืขื–ื‘ ืื•ืชื ื•. ื›ืš ืขืžื“ืชื™ ื‘ืœืฉื›ื” ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื‘ื•ื›ื” ื‘ืžืจ ืœื‘ื™. ื›ืฉื ืจื’ืขืชื™ ื—ื–ืจืชื™ ืœื—ื“ืจื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘, ืฉื™ืฉื‘ ื•ื—ื™ื›ื” ืœื™, ื•ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ืœื™ ื‘ื ื™ืžื” ืื‘ื”ื™ืช: "ืœืš ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ื™, ืœื ืชืฆื˜ืขืจ".
ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ื™ ืžื—ื‘"ื“ ื•ื‘ื›ื ื™ืกืชื™ ืœืฉื ื ื˜ืคืœ ืืœื™ ืื™ื–ื” ืื“ื ื•ื”ื—ืœ ืœืกื•ื‘ื‘ ืื•ืชื™ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื. ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื”ื•ื ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื ื•ืฉื ืฉืขืœื” ื‘ืฉืืœื” ืฉืฉืืœืชื™ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ื™, ื•ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืœืขืฆืžื™: ื”ื ื” ื–ื” ื‘ื. ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื’ื ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงื‘ืœ. ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืฉื–ื• ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉื”ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืœื— ืœื™. ืคืขืœืชื™ ืขืœ ืคื™ื” ื•ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื™, ื›ืฉื ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขืฆื•ืช ืฉื”ืจื‘ื™ ื ืชืŸ ืœื™ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื•.
ื—ื–ืจืชื™ ืืœ ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื•ื”ื•ื ืงื‘ืœื ื™ ื•ืืžืจ ืœื™: "ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืจื‘ื™ ืœื ื ืฉืืจ ื—ื™ื™ื‘!"
ื”ืื™ืฉ ืกื™ื™ื ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืืœื™ื ื• ื•ืืžืจ: ืœื›ื•ืœื ื• ืื‘ื“ ืื‘ื. ืื‘ืœ ื“ืขื• ืœื›ื, ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ืœื ื ืฉืืจ ื—ื™ื™ื‘.

ืฉืืœื•ืช

ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื˜ื”ื•ืจื•ืช. ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ื“ืขื” ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืฉื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื•ืช ื˜ืžืื•ืช. ืžื” ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœืกื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืš?
ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ, ืจืง ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืฉื”ื ื”ื™ื’ ื”ืจื‘ื™ ืžื—ื‘"ื“. ื›ืฉื ืฉืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืžืฉืคื™ืขื•ืช ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื”, ื›ืš ืœื”ื‘ื“ื™ืœ ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื•ืช ืœื ื˜ื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืžืฉืคื™ืขื•ืช ืœื”ื™ืคืš.



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ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•

ืจื‘ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืฆืคืช. ื‘ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื–ืฆ"ืœ.
ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ืš - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•
ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ืš - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื

ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืžื”ื™ืจ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
  • ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื“ื•ื‘ ืœื™ืื•ืจ
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื“ื•ื‘ ืœื™ืื•ืจ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•
     ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื‘ ื‘ืขืจืœ ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื‘ ื‘ืขืจืœ ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื ื—ืฉื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื ื—ืฉื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื‘ื™ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื•ืจืฅ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื‘ื™ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื•ืจืฅ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ
  • ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื” ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื” ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืฆื‘ื™ ืฉื›ื˜ืจ
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืฆื‘ื™ ืฉื›ื˜ืจ
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    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš

    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš โ€“ ื—ืงืช

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 606

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 606

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืคืจืฉืช ืฉื‘ื•ืข

    ืœื›ืœ ืื™ืฉ ื™ืฉ ืฉื. ืขืœ ื“ืช, ืจื ื•ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื›ืจืžืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ื—ืžื“ืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช

    ืžื’ืข ืžืื›ืœื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ื ื›ืœื™ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื›ืœื™ ืฉื ื™, ื•ืขื™ืจื•ื™

    ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ืฆืœืืœ ื“ื ื™ืืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ื—ืงืช

    ืœืžื” ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื”ืคืš ืœื ื™ื™ืจ ื—ืกืจ ืขืจืš?

    ื”ืจื‘ ื ืชื ืืœ ื™ื•ืกื™ืคื•ืŸ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืœื ื˜ืจื’ื“ื™ื”, ืฆืžื™ื—ื”

    ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉืžื–ื”ื™ืจื™ื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืงื™ืขืชื• ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืฉืŸ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜, ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ืžืกืคืจืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืื—ืจ: ืขื•ืœื ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื ื™, ืืฉืจ ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืืชื’ืจื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื™ื, ื—ื•ื•ื” ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืคืจื™ื—ื” ื—ืกืจืช ืชืงื“ื™ื ื•ืžืขืžื™ื“ ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืœื›ืชื™ืช ืžืขืฉื™ืช ืœืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™

    ื”ืจื‘ ืื•ืจื™ ืกื“ืŸ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    ืฆื‘ื

    ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื ื”

    ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื”ืžื’ื“ืจื™ืช ื‘ืฆื‘ื ืื™ื ื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉืœ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื. ืชื ืื™ ื”ืœื—ื™ืžื”, ื”ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื•ื”ืงืจื‘ื” ื”ืžืžื•ืฉื›ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ืฉืืœืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื“ื™ื ื™ ืฆื ื™ืขื•ืช ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืื—ืจืช

    ื”ืจื‘ ืขื–ืจื™ืืœ ืืจื™ืืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” - ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื

    ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ืื‘ ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื‘ื ื• ืื•ืžื ื•ืช, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืžืงืฆื•ืข | ื’ื ืื ื”ื‘ืŸ ื™ื‘ื—ืจ ืœื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื• ืœืชื•ืจื”, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื˜ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืื‘ ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื‘ื ื• ืื•ืžื ื•ืช | ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉื”' ืžื‘ื™ื ืœืื“ื ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ืจื™ืฆื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• | ื”ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื›ืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ื”ืฉื | ื”ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืื—ื“ ืžืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื• ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื, ืฉื ื‘ืจื "ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื•ืœืฉื•ืžืจื”", ื•ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ืขื‘ื™ืจื”

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื-ืช ืค"ืฉ

    ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื-ืช-ืค"ืฉ ืคืจืฉืช ื—ืงืช

    ื•ึทื™ึตึผืฉึถืื‘ ื‘ึฐึผืึถืจึถืฅ ื˜ื•ึนื‘. ืžื”ื™ ืฉืžื” ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ืฉืžื” | ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื™ื, ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ ื•ืฉื™ืจืช ืžืฉื” ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืื–ื™ื ื• | ืžื” ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ื ื™ื— ืืช ื ื—ืฉ ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉืช ืขืœ ืขืžื“ื•, ื•ืจืง ื—ื–ืงื™ื”ื• ืžืœืš ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืขืžื“ ื•ืฉื‘ืจื• ืฉืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืื•ืชื• | ืจืื™ื” ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื” ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืจื•ืฆื— ื ืคืฉ ื‘ืฉื’ื’ื”. ื•ืขื•ื“!

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ - ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืœืžืŸ ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื

    ื™ืกื•ื“ ื•ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช

    ื“ืจืš ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื’' ืคืกืงื” ื”-ื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžื‘ืืจ ื›ื™ ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืžื•ืฉืชืช ืขืœ ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ืขืจืš ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ ื•ื”ืชืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืจืื•. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืจื‘ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืขืžื•ืงื” ื–ื• ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžืชืžื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ื•ื“ื‘ื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืจ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™, ืฉืฉื™ืื• ื•ื”ืฉืœืžืชื• ื‘ืื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ื”ืคื™ื›ืช ื”ืจืข ืœื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืฉืš ืœืื•ืจ.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    33 ื“ืง'
    ืžืืžืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™

    ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื•ืจื™ื

    ืžืืžืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื”ืžืฉืš ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืคืกืงื” ื–'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืงื™ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื ื“ืžื•ืช ืฉื›ืœืชื ื™ื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืื‘ ื•ืื ื•ื‘ืจื™ืช ืžื™ืœื”, ืชื•ืš ื”ื“ื’ืฉื” ืฉื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ ื›ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™. ื“ืจืš ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžื”ื’ืžืจื, ืคืกื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ ืกืคืจ ื”ื›ื•ื–ืจื™, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉืช ื”ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื”ืขืœ-ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืืœื•.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื‘ื™ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื•ืจืฅ | ื›"ื’ ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    33 ื“ืง'
    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉ"ืก

    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืงื“ืฉื•ืช

    ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ื”ืงื“ืฉื•ืช ืื™ื ื ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืจืง ืœืกื“ืจ ืงื“ืฉื™ื, ืืœื ื’ื ืœื ื“ืจื™ื ื•ืœื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช. ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ื‘ืื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื“ืžื™ื ืœืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืคื” ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื›ืœื™, ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื™ืจื•ืช, ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื ื™ืกื™ื ื–ืื’ื | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ

    ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื

    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืคืจืง ื”, ืคืกืงื” ื–-ื—

    ื™ืฉื ื” ื“ื•- ืกื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื—ืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ืื“ื ื•ืจืฆื•ื ื• ืœื”ื™ื˜ื™ื‘: ื”ืŸ ืžืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ื–ื• ืืช ื–ื• ื‘ื”ื“ื“ื™ื•ืช.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    30 ื“ืง'
    ื—ืงืช

    ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืกืœืข ืื• ื”ื›ืืชื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    10 ื“ืง'
    ื›ื”ื ื™ื

    ื‘ืจื›ืช ื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื - ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืœื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    1:00
    ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ืš - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•

    ืคืจืฉืช ื—ืงืช ืชืฉืค"ื• โ€“ ื”ื’ื™ืข ื–ืžืŸ ื’ืื•ืœืชื›ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื• | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    23 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื•

    ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ "ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘" ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื ื•ืชืง ืžื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืžืขืฉื™ืช, ื•ืžื‘ืงืจ ืืช ื”ื ืฆืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื—ืจื” ืœื”ื™ืฉืขืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืชื•ืš ื ื˜ื™ืฉืช ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืืœ ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื•ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœืกืœื•ืœ ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื•ืœื”ืืจืช ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœืŸ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื’' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    35 ื“ืง'
    ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช

    ื ืคื™ืœืช ืืคื™ื™ื - ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื•ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    7 ื“ืง'
    ื›ื”ื ื™ื

    ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื—ืก ืืœื™ื”ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    34 ื“ืง'
    ื—ืงืช

    ืกื•ื“ ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ื•ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ืžืกืžืœืช ืงื‘ืœืช ืขื•ืœ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ื™ื ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช, ื•ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ืžืื” ื•ื”ื˜ื”ืจื” ื”ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืงื“ื•ืฉืชื• ื•ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืจื‘ ืžืชืืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ืช ื–ื• ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืœื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืคื ื™ืžื™, ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื•ืฉืžื— ืืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืžืฉืชืงืฃ ื‘"ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ" ื•ืžื‘ื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืœื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ืฉืŸ | ื’' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    39 ื“ืง'
    ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ.ื™ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ

    ืžืœื—ืžืช ืขื•ืœื ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืœ ื•ืฉื ื”ื•ื•ื™ื”

    ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื” - ืžืืžืจ "ื ืื“ืจ ื‘ืงื•ื“ืฉ" ืกืขื™ืฃ ื“'

    ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืฆ"ืœ ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืืช ื”ืคื™ืกืงืื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช ื•ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืืช ืฉื ื”ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืฉื•ืจืฉ ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ. ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ | ืœ' ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื
ืื–ื•ืจ ืื™ืฉื™

ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœืš, ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื‘ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ื•ืœื”ืžืฉืš ืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื• ืขื–ื‘ืช ืื•ืชืŸ.

ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il