ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืžื“ื•ืจื™ื
  • ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื-ืช ืค"ืฉ
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
  • ืคืจืฉืช ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื•ืชื "ืš
  • ื—ื•ืžืฉ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ
  • ื—ืงืช
undefined
12 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ื‘ืก"ื“ ืชืžื•ื– ื”ืชืฉืค"ื•
ืžืคื˜ื™ืจ ื•ึฐื™ึดืคึฐืชึธึผื— ื”ึทื’ึดึผืœึฐืขึธื“ึดื™ (ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื™ื)
ืคืจืฉืช ื—ึปืงึทึผืช
ืขืœื•ืŸ ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ืขืœ ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื ื“ื™ื•ืžื ืžืžืคืจืฉื™ ื•ืžื“ืจืฉื™ ื—ื–"ืœ
ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื—ึปืงึทึผืช 87 ืคืกื•ืงื™ื = ื”ึทืกึผื•ึนื“ ื”ึทื–ึผึถื” , ื ึธื“ึธื‘ ื•ึทืึฒื‘ึดื™ื”ื•ึผื
ืึธืžึทืจ ืœื•ึน ื”ึทืงึผึธื“ื•ึนืฉื ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ื”ื•ึผื ืœึฐืžึนืฉืึถื” ืœึฐืšึธ ืึฒื ึดื™ ืžึฐื’ึทืœึผึถื” ื˜ึฐืขึธืžึถื™ื”ึธ, ืึฒื‘ึธืœ ืœึทืึฒื—ึตืจึดื™ื ื—ึปืงึผึธื”. (ื™ืœืงื•"ืฉ ืชืฉื "ื˜)
ื™ืฉ ืงื‘ืœื” ื‘ื™ื“ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื“ื ื“ื‘ ื•ืื‘ื™ื”ื•ื ื ืงื‘ืจื• ื‘ื”ืจ ื”ื”ืจ ืกืžื•ื›ื™ื ืœืžืขืจืช ืื”ืจืŸ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืข"ื” (ื‘ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื™ื“ืข - ืกื•ื›ื” ื›ื”:)
ื‘ืคืจืฉื” 3 ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืขืฉื” (ืกืคืจ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš)
ืขืฉื”: ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” โ—™ ื˜ื•ืžืื” ืฉืœ ืžืช โ—™ ืžื™ ื ื“ื” ืฉืžื˜ืžืื™ืŸ ืื“ื ื˜ื”ื•ืจ ื•ืžื˜ื”ืจื™ืŸ ืื“ื ื˜ืžื ืžื˜ื•ืžืืช ืžืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“.

ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉื™ืฉื™ ืคืจืฉืช ื—ื•ืงืช ื ื”ื’ื• ืœื”ืชืขื ื•ืช. ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืžืฉื "ื‘ ื‘ืฉื ื”ืžื’ืŸ ืื‘ืจื”ื: ืื™ืชื ื‘ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืฉืจืื•ื™ ืœื›ืœ ื‘ืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื‘ื›ื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉืจื™ืคืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืžื›ื— ื–ื” ื ืžืกืจื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœืงืœื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ื ื™ื—ื–ื™ืจื ื” ืœื ื• ื‘ืžื”ืจื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•. ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืชื ื™ื (ืชื ื™ื ืจื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ืก ืœืจื‘ื™ ื™ื—ื™ืืœ ื‘ืŸ ื™ืงื•ืชื™ืืœ ื”ืจื•ืคื ื”ืจืข"ื“) ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉืฉื™ ืคืจืฉืช ื—ื•ืงืช ื ื”ื’ื• ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื ืœื”ืชืขื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื•ื ื ืฉืจืคื• ืขืฉืจื™ื ืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ืžืœืื™ื ืกืคืจื™ื ื‘ืฆืจืคืช. ื•ืœื ืงื‘ืขื• ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉ, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืžืชื•ืš ืฉืืœืช ื—ืœื•ื ื ื•ื“ืข ืœื”ื ืฉื™ื•ื ื”ืคืจืฉื” ื’ื•ืจื ื’ื–ื™ืจืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื–ึนืืช ื—ึปืงึทึผืช ื”ึทืชึผื•ึนืจึธื” ืžืชืจื’ืžื™ื ืŸ ื“ึธึผื ื’ึฐึผื–ึตื™ืจึทืช ืื•ึนืจึธื™ึฐืชึธื. ื•ื’ื ื‘ืฉื ืช ืช"ื— ื ื—ืจื‘ื• ืฉื ื™ ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื•ื ื›ืžื• ืฉืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช ืฉื—ื™ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืฉืคืชื™ ื›ื”ืŸ. (ืื•"ื— ืชืงืค)
ืฉื‘ืช ืคืจืฉืช ื—ื•ืงืช โ€“ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื–ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ืŸ ืคืจืฉืช ื˜ื”ืจื”, ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœืช ืœื”ื™ื˜ื”ืจ ื•ืœื”ืชืงื“ืฉ ื‘ื• ื›ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื. ื•ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื ื”ืงื“' ืฉื™ืœืš ื‘ื• ืœืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืชื™ื”ื. ื•ื‘ืฉืœ"ื” ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื›ืชื‘ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžืฉื ื™ื•ืช ืคืจื” ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื–ื•. ื•ื›"ื› ื”ื›ืฃ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืื•"ื— ืชื›ื˜ ื• ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ืคืจื” ืจืื•ื™ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžืฉื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืกื›ืช ืคืจื” ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ื•ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžืกื›ืชื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช. ื•ื”ื˜ืขื ืœื–ื” ืข"ืค ืžื” ื“ืื™ืชื ื‘ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืง"ื ืข"ื ื›ืœ ื”ืงื•ืจื ืคืกื•ืง ื‘ื–ืžื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืœืขื•ืœื ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืžืฉืœื™ ื˜ื•) ื•ึฐื“ึธื‘ึธืจ ื‘ึฐึผืขึดืชึผื•ึน ืžึทื” ื˜ึผื•ึนื‘. ื•ื›"ื› ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ืกื•ืคืจื™ื (ืคื™"ื— ื”"ื) ื›ืœ ื”ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืคืกื•ืง ื‘ืขื•ื ืชื• ืžืขืœื” ืขืœื™ื• ื›ืืœื• ื‘ื•ื ื” ืžื–ื‘ื— ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ืžืงืจื™ื‘ ืขืœื™ื• ืงืจื‘ืŸ. (ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืกื’ื•ืœื•ืช)

ื—ื™ื“ื” ื‘ืคืจืฉื” โ€“ ืึธืžึทืจ ืœื•ึน ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœึฐืžึนืฉืึถื” ืœึฐืšึธ ืึฒื ึดื™ ืžึฐื’ึทืœึผึถื” ื˜ึฐืขึธืžึถื™ื”ึธ, ืึฒื‘ึธืœ ืœึทืึฒื—ึตืจึดื™ื ื—ึปืงึผึธื”. ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉื™ื“ืข ืืช ื˜ืขืžื™ื” ืฉืœ ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื”.
ื™ื•ื‘ืŸ ืข"ืค ืžื“ืจืฉ ืคืœื™ืื” - ืžื” ืจืื” ืงืจื— ืœื—ืœื•ืง ืขืœ ืžืฉื”, ืคืจืฉืช ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ืจืื”. ื•ื”ื•ื ื˜ืขื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ.
ื™ื“ื•ืข ื“ืงืจื— ื”ื™ื” ืกื‘ื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืžืฉื”, ื•ื”ื ื” ืžื” ืจืื” ืœื–ื”, ื•ื”ืœื ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื“ืขื• ืžื“ืจื™ื’ืช ืžืฉื” ื‘ืงืจื™ืขืช ื™ื ืกื•ืฃ ื•ึทื™ึทึผืึฒืžึดื™ื ื•ึผ ื‘ึทึผื™-ื”ึนื•ึธื” ื•ึผื‘ึฐืžึนืฉึถืื” ืขึทื‘ึฐื“ึผื•ึน (ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื“ ืœื), ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื‘ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ึทึผืขึฒื‘ื•ึผืจ ื™ึดืฉึฐืืžึทืข ื”ึธืขึธื ื‘ึฐึผื“ึทื‘ึฐึผืจึดื™ ืขึดืžึธึผืšึฐ ื•ึฐื’ึทื ื‘ึฐึผืšึธ ื™ึทืึฒืžึดื™ื ื•ึผ ืœึฐืขื•ึนืœึธื (ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื˜ ื˜). ืืš ื ื•ื“ืข ื“ื‘ืคืจื” ืืžืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ืœืžืฉื” ืœืš ืื ื™ ืžื’ืœื” ื˜ืขืžื” ืฉืœ ืคืจื” (ื‘ืž"ืจ ืคื™"ื˜ ื•'), ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื—ืงื™ืงื”, ื•ืœื ื™ืฉื™ื’ื” ืจืง ืžื™ ืฉื ืชืขืฆื ืขื ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœื›ืš, ืื‘ืœ ืœืื—ืจื™ื ื—ืงื”. ื•ืœื›ืš ืคื™ืจืฉื• ื”ืžืคืจืฉื™ื ืžืืžืจ ืฉืœืžื” ืึธืžึทืจึฐืชึดึผื™ ืึถื—ึฐื›ึธึผืžึธื” ื•ึฐื”ึดื™ื ืจึฐื—ื•ึนืงึธื” ืžึดืžึถึผื ึดึผื™ (ืงื”ืœืช ื– ื›ื’), ืฉื“ืจืฉื• ืจื–"ืœ (ื‘ืž"ืจ ืคื™"ื˜ ื’') ืฉื‘ืงืฉ ืœื™ื“ืข ืกื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื”, ื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืจืง ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ื”ื—ื›ืžื”. ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืึถื—ึฐื›ึธึผืžึธื”, ืื‘ืœ ื•ึฐื”ึดื™ื ืจึฐื—ื•ึนืงึธื” ืžึดืžึถึผื ึดึผื™ ื“ื™ื™ืงื. ื•ื”ื ื” ืงืจื— ื”ืฉื™ื’ ืžืขืœื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ื”ืฉื™ื’ ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื”, ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื‘ืงืฉ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืžืฉื”, ื•ื™ื“ื•ืข ื“ืจืื™ื” ื‘ื›ืžื” ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื ื”, ื›ืžื• ืจึฐืึตื” ื“ึฐื‘ึธืจึถื™ืšึธ ื˜ื•ึนื‘ึดื™ื (ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘' ื˜ื• ื’) ื•ื›ืžื• ื›ึดึผื“ึฐื‘ึทืจ ื™ึฐ-ื”ึนื•ึธื” ืชึทึผืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึผ ืจึฐืื•ึผ ืฆึดื•ึดึผื™ืชึดื™ ืึถืชึฐื›ึถื (ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื— ื—) ื•ืจื–"ืœ ื“ื‘ืจื• ื‘ื”ืขืœื, ืฉืžื›ื— ืฉื”ืฉื™ื’ ื˜ืขืžื• ืฉืœ ืคืจื”, ื”ืจื”ื™ื‘ ื‘ื ืคืฉื• ืขื•ื– ืœื—ืœื•ืง ืขืœ ืžืฉื”, ื•ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืกืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืื“ื ื›ื–ื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื’ืื•ืชื• ื ืคืœ ื•ื ืฉื‘ืจ. (ื™ืฉืžื— ืžืฉื”)

ื–ึนืืช ื—ึปืงึทึผืช ื”ึทืชึผื•ึนืจึธื” ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ืฆึดื•ึธึผื” ื™ึฐ-ื”ึนื•ึธื” ืœึตืืžึนืจ ื“ึทึผื‘ึตึผืจ ืึถืœ ื‘ึฐึผื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ ื•ึฐื™ึดืงึฐื—ื•ึผ ืึตืœึถื™ืšึธ ืคึธืจึธื” ืึฒื“ึปืžึธึผื” ืชึฐึผืžึดื™ืžึธื” ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ืึตื™ืŸ ื‘ึธึผื”ึผ ืžื•ึผื ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ืœึนื ืขึธืœึธื” ืขึธืœึถื™ื”ึธ ืขึนืœ. (ื™ื˜ ื‘) ื’ึฐึผื–ึตืจึธื” ื”ึดื™ื ืžึดืœึฐึผืคึธื ึทื™, ืึตื™ืŸ ืœึฐืšึธ ืจึฐืฉืื•ึผืช ืœึฐื”ึทืจึฐื”ึตืจ ืึทื—ึฒืจึถื™ื”ึธ ืึธืžึทืจ ื”ึทืงึธึผื“ื•ึนืฉื ื‘ึธึผืจื•ึผืšึฐ ื”ื•ึผื, ื—ึปืงึธึผื” ื—ึธืงึทืงึฐืชึดึผื™, ื’ึฐึผื–ึตืจึธื” ื’ึธึผื–ึทืจึฐืชึดึผื™, ื•ึฐืึตื™ืŸ ืึทืชึธึผื” ืจึทืฉึทึผืืื™ ืœึทืขึฒื‘ึนืจ ืขึทืœ ื’ึฐึผื–ึตืจึธืชึดื™ (ืชื ื—ื•ืžื)
ืฉืืœื” โ€“ ืžื” ื”ื˜ืขื ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืœึตืืžึนืจ ื•ื”ื™ื ื—ื•ืงื” ืฉืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืคืจืฉ ื˜ืขืžื”, ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื“ึทึผื‘ึตึผืจ ืึถืœ ื‘ึฐึผื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ.
ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” โ€“ ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืคื ื“-ื”) ืชึดึผืงึฐืขื•ึผ ื‘ึทื—ึนื“ึถืฉื ืฉืื•ึนืคึธืจ ื‘ึทึผื›ึตึผืกึถื” ืœึฐื™ื•ึนื ื—ึทื’ึตึผื ื•ึผ. ื›ึดึผื™ ื—ึนืง ืœึฐื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ ื”ื•ึผื ืžึดืฉึฐืืคึธึผื˜ ืœึตื-ืœึนื”ึตื™ ื™ึทืขึฒืงึนื‘. ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื ืจืื” ืฉืื•ืžืจ ื˜ืขื ืœืฉื•ืคืจ ื›ึดึผื™ ื—ึนืง ืœึฐื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ ื”ื•ึผื ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžื•ื‘ืŸ. ืืœื ื›ืฉื”ืฉ"ื™ ืจื•ืื” ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื˜ืจื’ื™ื, ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ืช"ืฉ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื•ืฉื™ืข ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœื–ื›ื•ืชื, ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ื•ื ื™ืช"ืฉ (ืžืฉืœื™ ื›ื˜) ืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ื‘ึฐึผืžึดืฉึฐืืคึธึผื˜ ื™ึทืขึฒืžึดื™ื“ ืึธืจึถืฅ, ื•ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ื”ืžืงื˜ืจื’ื™ื ืžื” ื˜ืขื ื™ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื”ื•ืฉื™ืข ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื–ื›ื•ืช ื—"ื•, ืื–ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ื”ืฉ"ื™ ื›ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื›ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ื•ื, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืžืฆื•ืช ืฉื”ื ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื‘ืœื ื˜ืขื, ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืฆื“ืง ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื” ื›ื ื’ื“ ืžื“ื” ืœื–ื›ื•ืชื ื•ืœื”ื•ืฉื™ืขื ืžื‘ืœื™ ื˜ืขื. ื•ื–"ืฉ ืชึดึผืงึฐืขื•ึผ ื‘ึทื—ึนื“ึถืฉื ืฉืื•ึนืคึธืจ ื•ื’ื•' ื›ึดึผื™ ื—ึนืง ืœึฐื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ ื”ื•ึผื ื—ื•ืงื” ืžื‘ืœื™ ื˜ืขื, ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื ืขืฉื” ืžึดืฉึฐืืคึธึผื˜ ืœึตื-ืœึนื”ึตื™ ื™ึทืขึฒืงึนื‘, ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืฆื“ืง, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื—ื•ืงื” ืžื‘ืœื™ ื˜ืขื, ืื–ื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ื•ื•ืฉืขื• ืžื‘ืœื™ ื˜ืขื. ื•ื–ื”ื• ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื–ึนืืช ื—ึปืงึทึผืช ื”ึทืชึผื•ึนืจึธื” ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ืฆึดื•ึธึผื” ื™ึฐ-ื”ึนื•ึธื” ื‘ื—ื•ืงื” ื“ื™ื™ืงื ืžื‘ืœื™ ื˜ืขื ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœึตืืžึนืจ, ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ื•ื ื™ืช"ืฉ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืืžืจ ื•ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืœื”ืžืงื˜ืจื’ื™ื, ื“ืžื”ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื•ืฉื™ืข ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื‘ืœื™ ื˜ืขื, ื•ื›ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื›ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ื•ื, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืžืฆื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ืงื” ืžื‘ืœื™ ื˜ืขื. (ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืฉื›ืจ ืชืฉืจื™ ืžืืžืจ ื’ ื“)

ื–ึนืืช ื—ึปืงึทึผืช ื”ึทืชึผื•ึนืจึธื” ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ืฆึดื•ึธึผื” ื™ึฐ-ื”ึนื•ึธื” ืœึตืืžึนืจ ื“ึทึผื‘ึตึผืจ ืึถืœ ื‘ึฐึผื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ ื•ึฐื™ึดืงึฐื—ื•ึผ ืึตืœึถื™ืšึธ ืคึธืจึธื” ืึฒื“ึปืžึธึผื” ืชึฐึผืžึดื™ืžึธื” ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ืึตื™ืŸ ื‘ึธึผื”ึผ ืžื•ึผื ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ืœึนื ืขึธืœึธื” ืขึธืœึถื™ื”ึธ ืขึนืœ. (ื™ื˜ ื‘)
ืฉืืœื” โ€“ ืžื” ื”ื˜ืขื ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืขึนืœ ื‘ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื—ืกืจ ื•'.
ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” โ€“ ืœืจืžื•ื– ืฉืขืœ ื•' ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืคื•ืกืœื™ื ื‘ื” ื•ืžื—ืกืจื™ื ืื•ืชื” ืžื›ืฉืจื•ืชื”. ื”ื ื™ื— ืขืœื™ื” ืืคื™ืœื• ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืกื›ื™ืŸ, ืขืœื” ืขืœื™ื” ื–ื›ืจ, ื“ืฉ ื‘ื”, ืžื•ื, ื‘' ืฉืขืจื•ืช ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืื• ืฉื—ื•ืจื•ืช. (ืคืขื ื— ืจื–ื) ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ืžืฉื›ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœ ืืœื ืขืœื” ืขืœื™ื” ืœื‘ื“ ืคืกื•ืœื”. (ื‘ืขื”"ื˜) ืฉืื ื ืชืŸ ืขืœื™ื” ื™ื“ื• ื•ืขื‘ืจ ืžื›ืืŸ ื•ื”ืœืื” ื”ืจื™ ื–ื• ืคืกื•ืœื”. ื”ื™ืชื” ืขื•ื‘ืจืช ื‘ื ื”ืจ ืื• ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืžืขืœื” ืื• ื™ื•ืจื“ืช ื‘ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื•ื ืชืœื” ื‘ื–ื ื‘ื”, ืื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื” ื›ืฉืจื” ื•ืื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื• ืคืกื•ืœื”. (ืกืคืจื™ ื–ื•ื˜ื)

ื–ึนืืช ื”ึทืชึผื•ึนืจึธื” ืึธื“ึธื ื›ึดึผื™ ื™ึธืžื•ึผืช ื‘ึฐึผืึนื”ึถืœ ื›ื‡ึผืœ ื”ึทื‘ึธึผื ืึถืœ ื”ึธืึนื”ึถืœ ื•ึฐื›ื‡ืœ ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ื‘ึธึผืึนื”ึถืœ ื™ึดื˜ึฐืžึธื ืฉึดืื‘ึฐืขึทืช ื™ึธืžึดื™ื. (ื™ื˜ ื™ื“)
ืืžืจื• ื—ื–"ืœ (ืชืžื™ื“ ืœื‘.) 'ื”ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉื™ื—ื™ื” ื™ืžื™ืช ืืช ืขืฆืžื•', ื•ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื ื“ื™ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ืึธื“ึธื ื›ึดึผื™ ื™ึธืžื•ึผืช ื‘ึฐึผืึนื”ึถืœ ื“ืืžืจื• ืขืœ ื›ืš ื—ื–"ืœ (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืกื’:) ืึตื™ืŸ ื“ึผึดื‘ึฐืจึตื™ ืชื•ึนืจึธื” ืžึดืชึฐืงึทื™ึผึฐื™ืžึดื™ืŸ ืึถืœึผึธื ื‘ึผึฐืžึดื™ ืฉืึถืžึผึตืžึดื™ืช ืขึทืฆึฐืžื•ึน ืขึธืœึถื™ื”ึธ, ื“ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ื ืงืจืื™ื ืžึฐืชึดื (ืฉื•ื•ื) ื›ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ ืœื“) ื•ึทื ึทึผื—ึฒืจึตื ืึถืช ื›ื‡ึผืœ ืขึดื™ืจ ืžึฐืชึดื ืคืจืฉ"ื™ - ืžึฐืชึดื โ€“ ืึฒื ึธืฉึดืื™ื. ื•ื‘ืžื•ืชื ื ืงืจืื™ื ืžึตืชึดื™ื (ืฆึตื™ืจึถื”), ืจืžื– ืœื›ืš ืฉื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื–ื” ืขืœ ื–ื” ื•ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืชืื•ื•ื” ืœื‘ืœื•ืข ืืช ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ื•ื—ื•ืžื“ ื•ืžืชืื•ื•ื” ืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื—ื‘ื™ืจื•, ื•ื‘ืžื•ืชื ืฉื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื–ื” ืืฆืœ ื–ื” (ื›ืžื• ืฆึตื™ืจึถื”) ื•ื–ื” ืจืžื•ื– ื‘ื—ื™ืœื•ืฃ ืฉื–ื” ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืฆึตื™ืจึถื”, ื•ืืžืจื• ื–"ืœ (ืื‘ื•ืช ืค"ื”) ื”ึทืงึดึผื ึฐืึธื” ื•ึฐื”ึทืชึทึผืึฒื•ึธื” ื•ึฐื”ึทื›ึธึผื‘ื•ึนื“ ืžื•ึนืฆึดื™ืึดื™ืŸ ืึถืช ื”ึธืึธื“ึธื ืžึดืŸ ื”ึธืขื•ึนืœึธื, ื•ื–ื” ืจืžื–ื• ื—ื–"ืœ ื‘ืฆื—ื•ืช ืœืฉื•ื ื 'ื”ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉื™ื—ื™ื” ื™ืžื™ืช ืืช ืขืฆืžื•' ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื• ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ืžึตืชึดื™ื (ื‘ืฆึตื™ืจึถื”), ื•ืœื ืฉื™ืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื• ืœื—ืžื•ื“ ืžื” ืฉื‘ื™ื“ื ื›ื™ ื–ื” ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื. (ืืžืจื•ืช ื”')

ื•ึฐื”ึดื–ึธึผื” ื”ึทื˜ึธึผื”ึนืจ ืขึทืœ ื”ึทื˜ึธึผืžึตื ื‘ึทึผื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึฐึผืืœึดื™ืฉึดืื™ ื•ึผื‘ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึฐึผืื‘ึดื™ืขึดื™ ื•ึฐื—ึดื˜ึฐึผืื•ึน ื‘ึทึผื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึฐึผืื‘ึดื™ืขึดื™ ื•ึฐื›ึดื‘ึถึผืก ื‘ึฐึผื’ึธื“ึธื™ื• ื•ึฐืจึธื—ึทืฅ ื‘ึทึผืžึทึผื™ึดื ื•ึฐื˜ึธื”ึตืจ ื‘ึธึผืขึธืจึถื‘. (ื™ื˜ ื™ื˜)
ืฉืืœื” โ€“ ืžื” ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื˜ื•ืžืืช ืžืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืœ ื˜ื•ืžืื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืœืขืฉื•ืชื• ืื‘ื™ ืื‘ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ืžืื”, ืฉืžื˜ืžื ืื“ื ื•ื›ืœื™ื, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืขืฆืžื•ืช ืื“ื ืžื˜ืžืื™ื. ื•ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื˜ื”ืจื” ืœืื“ื ืฉื ื˜ืžื ืœืžืช ื”ื™ื ื• ืืจื•ืš ื•ืžื•ืจื›ื‘. ื•ืืคืจ ื”ืคืจื” ื”ื™ื ื™ืงืจื ื‘ื“ืžื™ื ื•ื”ืžืช ืืกื•ืจ ื‘ื”ื ืื”.
ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” โ€“ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ืŸ ืืฆืœ ืžึตืชึตื™ื”ึถื ืžืชื•ืš ื—ื™ื‘ืชื ื•ื™ืฆื˜ืขืจื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ืื™. ื"ื  ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืชื™ื ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ืื•ื‘, ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื˜ื•ืžืืช ืžืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืœ ื˜ื•ืžืื•ืช ืฉื‘ืขื•ืœื, ืœืขืฉื•ืชื• ืื‘ื™ ืื‘ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ืžืื”, ืฉืžื˜ืžื ืื“ื ื•ื›ืœื™ื, ื•ืืฃ ืžื˜ืžื ื‘ืื”ืœ ื•ืขื•ืฉื” ื—ืจื‘ ื›ื—ืœืœ. ื›ืžื•"ื› ืžืคื ื™ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื™ืขืฉื• ืžืขื•ืจื ื ื•ื“ื•ืช ื•ืฉื˜ื™ื—ื™ืŸ, ืžืขืฆืžื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ ื›ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื [ืืจื–"ืœ ืึธืžึทืจ ืœื•ึน ื”ึทืงึผึธื“ื•ึนืฉื ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ื”ื•ึผื ืœึดื™ื—ึถื–ึฐืงึตืืœ: ืœึตืšึฐ ื•ึฐื”ึทื—ึฐื™ึตื™ื” ืžึตืชึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐื‘ึดืงึฐืขึทืช ื“ึผื•ึผืจึธื. ื›ึผึตื™ื•ึธืŸ ืฉืึถื”ึถื—ึฐื™ึธื™ื” ืื•ึนืชึธืŸ, ื‘ึผึธืื•ึผ ืขึฒืฆึธืžื•ึนืช ื•ึฐื˜ึธืคึฐื—ื•ึผ ืœื•ึน ืœึฐืื•ึนืชื•ึน ืจึธืฉืึธืข ืขึทืœ ืคึผึธื ึธื™ื•. ื›ืฉื”ื™ื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืฉืชื•ืช ื‘ื”ื ืึธืžึทืจ ื ึฐื‘ื•ึผื›ึทื“ึฐื ึถืฆึผึทืจ: ืžึธื” ื˜ึดื™ื‘ึธืŸ ืฉืึถืœ ืึตืœึผื•ึผ? ืึธืžึฐืจื•ึผ ืœื•ึน: ื—ึทื‘ึฐืจึตื™ื”ึถืŸ ืฉืึถืœ ืึตืœึผื•ึผ ืžึฐื—ึทื™ึผึถื™ื” ืžึตืชึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐื‘ึดืงึฐืขึทืช ื“ึผื•ึผืจึธื. ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืฆื‘:] ื•ื–ื”ื• ื’ื ืื™ ืœื‘ืจื™ื•ืช. ื•ื›ืŸ ืืžืจื• ืจื–"ืœ (ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืงื›ื‘.) ืžืคื ื™ ืžื” ืขื•ืจ ืื“ื ืžื˜ืžื? ืฉืœื ื™ืขืฉื” ืื“ื ืขื•ืจ ืื‘ื™ื• ื•ืืžื•
ืฉื˜ื™ื—ื™ืŸ. ืžืคื ื™ ืžื” ืขืฆื ืื“ื ื˜ืžื? ืฉืœื ื™ืขืฉื” ืื“ื ืขืฆืžื•ืช ืื‘ื™ื• ื•ืืžื• ืชืจื•ื•ื“ื™ืŸ. ื•ืœืคื™ ื—ื™ื‘ืชืŸ - ื˜ื•ืžืืชืŸ. ืฉืœื ื™ืชื ื• ืื•ืชื ืขื ื”ืชืจื•ืžื” ื•ื™ืื›ืœื• ืื•ืชื ื”ืขื›ื‘ืจื™ื. ื•ื›ืŸ ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ื”ืจืชื ื”ื—ืžื™ืจื• ืขืœื™ื”ื, ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืืคืจ ืคืจื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื™ืงืจื” ื‘ื“ืžื™ื. ื•ื’ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœื”ืจื—ื™ืงื ืžืŸ ื”ืžืช, ืืกืจ ืžืช ื‘ื”ื ืื”. ืœืคื™ ื›ืฉืžื˜ืžื ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ื˜ืžืื™ื ื™ื˜ืžื ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื•, ื•ืœื›ืš ื™ืžื ืขื• ืžืœืฉืžืฉ ื‘ืขื•ืจ ื”ืžืช ื•ื‘ืขืฆืžื•ืชื™ื•. (ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ืฉื•ืจ)



ื•ึฐื”ึดื–ึธึผื” ื”ึทื˜ึธึผื”ึนืจ ืขึทืœ ื”ึทื˜ึธึผืžึตื ื‘ึทึผื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึฐึผืืœึดื™ืฉึดืื™ ื•ึผื‘ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึฐึผืื‘ึดื™ืขึดื™ ื•ึฐื—ึดื˜ึฐึผืื•ึน ื‘ึทึผื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึฐึผืื‘ึดื™ืขึดื™ ื•ึฐื›ึดื‘ึถึผืก ื‘ึฐึผื’ึธื“ึธื™ื• ื•ึฐืจึธื—ึทืฅ ื‘ึทึผืžึทึผื™ึดื ื•ึฐื˜ึธื”ึตืจ ื‘ึธึผืขึธืจึถื‘. (ื™ื˜ ื™ื˜)
ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืจืžื– ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื›ื™ ืืฃ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืืคืจ ืคืจื” ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืื“ื ืœื˜ื”ืจ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื›ึผึฐืฉืึถื“ึผึธื‘ึตืง ื‘ื”ืชืžื“ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืœื•ืžื“ ื•ืžืœืžื“ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื•ืœืงื™ื™ื. ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ืืžืจื• ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื–"ืœ (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืจื‘ื” ืคื™"ื˜ ืก"ื‘) ื™ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืืœืฃ ืฉื ื™ื, ื•ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื ื›ื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืชื—ืœืช ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ืฉื‘ืจื ื”' ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ื“ื‘ืขืช ื™ืžื™ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช, ืจื•ืžื–ื™ื ืœืฉืฉืช ืืœืคื™ื ืฉื ื”, ืฉืึตื™ืช ืึทืœึฐืคึตื™ ืฉืึฐื ึตื™ ื”ึธื•ึตื™ ืขึธืœึฐืžึธื, ื•ึฐื—ึทื“ ื—ึธืจื•ึผื‘ ื”ืจื•ืžื– ืœืขื•ืœื ืฉื›ื•ืœื• ืฉื‘ืช (ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืฆื–.), ื”ืจื™ ืฉื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืžื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืจืžื– ืœืืœืฃ ืฉื ื”. ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื ื™ืชื ื” ื‘ืืœืฃ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™, ื•ื”ืžืชื—ื˜ื ื‘ึทึผื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึฐึผืืœึดื™ืฉึดืื™ ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืžืชื—ื˜ื ื•ืžื˜ื”ืจ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ืžื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื ืชื ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™, ืื–ื™ ื‘ึผึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึผืึฐื‘ึดื™ืขึดื™ ื™ึดื˜ึฐื”ึทืจ, ื›ื™ ืื– ืชื’ืžื•ืจ ื˜ื”ืจืชื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช, ื™ื•ื ืฉื›ื•ืœื• ืฉื‘ืช. ื•ึฐืึดื ื—ืก ื•ืฉืœื•ื ืœึนื ื™ึดืชึฐื—ึทื˜ึธึผื ื‘ึทึผื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึฐึผืืœึดื™ืฉึดืื™, ืื–ื™ ื‘ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึฐึผืื‘ึดื™ืขึดื™ ืœึนื ื™ึดื˜ึฐื”ึธืจ, ื›ื™ (ืข"ื– ื’ .) ืžื™ ืฉื˜ืจื— ื‘ืขืจื‘ ืฉื‘ืช ื™ืื›ืœ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช. (ืื•ืฆืจื•ืช ื”ืฉืœ"ื”)

ื•ึทื™ึธึผื‘ึนื ืžึนืฉึถืื” ื•ึฐืึทื”ึฒืจึนืŸ ืžึดืคึฐึผื ึตื™ ื”ึทืงึธึผื”ึธืœ ืึถืœ ืคึถึผืชึทื— ืึนื”ึถืœ ืžื•ึนืขึตื“ ื•ึทื™ึดึผืคึฐึผืœื•ึผ ืขึทืœ ืคึฐึผื ึตื™ื”ึถื ื•ึทื™ึตึผืจึธื ื›ึฐื‘ื•ึนื“ ื™ึฐ-ื”ึนื•ึธื” ืึฒืœึตื™ื”ึถื. (ื› ื•)
ืฉืืœื” โ€“ ื›ืืŸ ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืงื•ื“ื ื•ึทื™ึดึผืคึฐึผืœื•ึผ ืขึทืœ ืคึฐึผื ึตื™ื”ึถื ื•ืื—"ื› ื•ึทื™ึตึผืจึธื ื›ึฐื‘ื•ึนื“ ื™ึฐ-ื”ึนื•ึธื” ืึฒืœึตื™ื”ึถื. ืžื” ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืืฆืœ ื‘ืœืขื ื”ื•ื ืœื”ื™ืคืš. ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ื›ื“ ื“) ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ืžึทื—ึฒื–ึตื” ืฉึทืื“ึทึผื™ ื™ึถื—ึฑื–ึถื” ื ึนืคึตืœ ื•ึผื’ึฐืœื•ึผื™ ืขึตื™ื ึธื™ึดื. ืงื•ื“ื ื ืืžืจ ืจืื™ื” ื•ืื—"ื› ื”ื™ื” ื ื•ืคืœ.
ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” โ€“ ื‘ืœืขื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื›ื“ืื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืœื›ืŸ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื• ื›ื— ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืืœื ืžื™ื“ ื”ื™ื” ื ื•ืคืœ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืžืจืื”. ืื‘ืœ ืืœื• ืžื™ื“ ืฉื”ืจื’ื™ืฉื• ืฉื”ื™ื” ืจื•ืฆื” ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ ืœื‘ื•ื ืžื™ื“ ื ืคืœื• ืขืœ ืคื ื™ื”ื ืžืคื ื™ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื”, ื›ื“ืจืš ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉืžืฉืชื—ื•ื™ื ืœืื“ื•ื ื™ื”ื, ื•ืื—"ื› ื‘ืื™ื ืœื”ืงื‘ื™ืœ ืคื ื™ื•, ื›ืš ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื ืคื™ืœื” ื ื’ืœื” ืืœื™ื”ื, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืœืขื ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื ืคื™ืœื” ืœื ืจืื” ื“ื‘ืจ. (ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืืคืจื™ื, ืžื•ืฉื‘ ื–ืงื ื™ื)

ื•ึทื™ึธึผืจึถื ืžึนืฉึถืื” ืึถืช ื™ึธื“ื•ึน ื•ึทื™ึทึผืšึฐ ืึถืช ื”ึทืกึถึผืœึทืข ื‘ึฐึผืžึทื˜ึตึผื”ื•ึผ ืคึทึผืขึฒืžึธื™ึดื ื•ึทื™ึตึผืฆึฐืื•ึผ ืžึทื™ึดื ืจึทื‘ึดึผื™ื ื•ึทืชึตึผืฉึฐืืชึฐึผ ื”ึธืขึตื“ึธื” ื•ึผื‘ึฐืขึดื™ืจึธื. (ื› ื™-ื™ื) ืคืจืฉ"ื™ - ืœึฐืคึดื™ ืฉึถืื‘ึธึผืจึดืืฉืื•ึนื ึธื” ืœึนื ื”ื•ึนืฆึดื™ื ืึถืœึธึผื ื˜ึดืคึดึผื™ืŸ; ืœึฐืคึดื™ ืฉึถืืœึนึผื ืฆึดื•ึธึผื” ื”ึทืžึธึผืงื•ึนื ืœึฐื”ึทื›ึผื•ึนืชื•ึน, ืึถืœึธึผื ื•ึฐื“ึดื‘ึทึผืจึฐืชึถึผื ืึถืœ ื”ึทืกึถึผืœึทืข, ื•ึฐื”ึตืžึธึผื” ื“ึดึผื‘ึฐึผืจื•ึผ ืึถืœ ืกึถืœึทืข ืึทื—ึตืจ ื•ึฐืœึนื ื”ื•ึนืฆึดื™ื. ืึธืžึฐืจื•ึผ: [ืฉึถืืžึธึผื] ืฆึธืจึดื™ืšึฐ ืœึฐื”ึทื›ึผื•ึนืชื•ึน ื›ึฐึผื‘ึธืจึดืืฉืื•ึนื ึธื”, ืฉึถืื ึถึผืึฑืžึทืจ: ื•ึฐื”ึดื›ึดึผื™ืชึธ ื‘ึทึผืฆึผื•ึผืจ )ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื–,ื•( ื•ึฐื ึดื–ึฐื“ึทึผืžึตึผืŸ ืœึธื”ึถื ืื•ึนืชื•ึน ืกึถืœึทืข ื•ึฐื”ึดื›ึธึผื”. ืœึฐืคึดื™ ืฉึถืื”ึธืœึทืšึฐ ื”ึทืกึถึผืœึทืข ื•ึฐื™ึธืฉึทืื‘ ืœื•ึน ื‘ึตึผื™ืŸ ื”ึทืกึฐึผืœึธืขึดื™ื ื›ึฐึผืฉึถืื ึดึผืกึฐืชึทึผืœึตึผืง ื”ึทื‘ึฐึผืึตืจ.
ืฉืืœื” โ€“ ืื™ืš ื ืกืชื™ื™ืข ืžื™ืœืชื ืฉื‘ื ืœื™ื“ื• ืกืœืข ืื—ืจ. ื•ืœืžื” ื›ืขืก ืขืœื™ื• ื”' ื™ืชื‘ืจืš.
ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” โ€“ ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉื”ืกืœืข ื”ืœืš ืœื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืกืœืขื™ื ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ื”ื ืก ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื ืžืฉื” ืžื™ื ืžืื™ื–ื” ืกืœืข ืฉื™ืจืฆื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ืืžืจื• ื–"ืœ (ืคืกื™ืงืชื ืจื‘ืชื™ ืค"ื•) ื”ื›ืœ ืžืกื™ื™ืขื™ืŸ ืœืžืœืš, ื›"ืฉ ืฉื”ื›ืœ ืžืกื™ื™ืขื™ืŸ ืœืžืž"ื” ื”ืงื‘"ื”. ื•ื‘ื–ื” ื˜ืขื” ืžืฉื” ื•ืืžืจ (ื› ื™) ืฉึดืืžึฐืขื•ึผ ื ึธื ื”ึทืžึนึผืจึดื™ื ื”ึฒืžึดืŸ ื”ึทืกึถึผืœึทืข ื”ึทื–ึถึผื” ื ื•ึนืฆึดื™ื ืœึธื›ึถื ืžึธื™ึดื. ืฉื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื™ืงืฉื• ืžืกืœืข ืื—ืจ ื•ืืžืจ ืœื”ื ืžืฉื” ื”ึฒืžึดืŸ ื”ึทืกึถึผืœึทืข ื›ืžืชืžื™ื” ื•ืื•ืžืจ ื”ืœื ืœื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืืœ ื”ืกืœืข ื”ื–ื” ืฆื™ื•ื•ื ื™ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื•ื›ื™ ืžืŸ ื”ืกืœืข ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœื ื ืฆื˜ื•ื™ื ื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืืœื™ื• ื ื•ืฆื™ื ืœื›ื ืžื™ื ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืŸ ืœื ื ืชืืžืช ืืฆืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ืก ื•ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”ืฉื ื›ื™ ืืžืจื• ืžืฉื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืจื•ืขื” ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื•ื™ื•ื“ืข ื•ืžื›ื™ืจ ื‘ืกืœืขื™ื ื”ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื ืžื™ื ื•ืœื›ืš ื›ืขืก ื”ืงื‘"ื”, ื•ื–ื”ื• ื™ึทืขึทืŸ ืœึนื ื”ึถืึฑืžึทื ึฐืชึถึผื ื‘ึดึผื™. ื•ื™"ืž ืฉื”ื›ืขืก ื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ืฉืืžืจื• ื ื•ึนืฆึดื™ื ืœึธื›ึถื ืžึธื™ึดื ื›ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืขื“ ืขืฆืžื ื•ืชืœื• ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื, ื›ืžื• (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื™ื˜ ื™ื’) ื›ึดึผื™ ืžึทืฉึฐืื—ึดืชึดื™ื ืึฒื ึทื—ึฐื ื•ึผ ืึถืช ื”ึทืžึธึผืงื•ึนื ื”ึทื–ึถึผื”. (ืคืขื ื— ืจื–ื) ื•ื–ื”ื• ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืคื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื‘ืคื™ื•ื˜ ืœืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื‘ืืžืจื• ืขืœ ืžืฉื” 'ื™ืขืŸ ื ื•ืงืฉ ื‘ืขืฉืจ ื ื—ืจืช ื‘ื• ืžื™ืชื•ืช ืขืฉืจ'. ืจ"ืœ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืฉื ื›ืฉืœ ื‘ื™' ื›ื™ ืืžืจ ื ื•ึนืฆึดื™ื ื‘ื ' ื•ื”ื•ืœ"ืœ 'ื™ื•ืฆื™ื' ื‘ื™' ื‘ื›ื™ื ื•ื™ ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ืฉื™"ืช. ืœื›ืš ืžื™ื“ื” ื›ื ื’ื“ ืžื™ื“ื” ื ื›ืชื‘ ืขืœื™ื• ื™' ืคืขืžื™ื ืžื™ืชื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื”. (ืจื–ื ื“ืžืื™ืจ) ืึธืžึทืจ ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ื™ื•ึนื—ึธื ึธืŸ, ืขึถืฉื‚ึถืจ ืžึดื™ืชื•ึนืช ื›ึผึฐืชื•ึผื‘ื•ึนืช ืขึธืœึธื™ื• ืขึทืœ ืžืฉืึถื”, ื•ึฐืึตืœึผื•ึผ ื”ึตืŸ: ื”ึตืŸ ืงึธืจึฐื‘ื•ึผ ื™ึธืžึถื™ืšึธ ืœึธืžื•ึผืช: (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื‘, ื ): ื•ึผืžึปืช ื‘ึผึธื”ึธืจ: (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื“, ื›ื‘): ื›ึผึดื™ ืึธื ึนื›ึดื™ ืžึตืช: (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื, ื›ื˜): ื›ึผึดื™ ื™ึธื“ึทืขึฐืชึผึดื™ ืึทื—ึฒืจึตื™ ืžื•ึนืชึดื™: (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื“, ื›ื–): ื•ึฐืึทืฃ ื›ึผึดื™ ืึทื—ึฒืจึตื™ ืžื•ึนืชึดื™: (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื’, ื): ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ืžื•ึนืชื•ึน, (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื“, ื–): ื‘ึผึถืŸ ืžึตืึธื” ื•ึฐืขึถืฉื‚ึฐืจึดื™ื ืฉืึธื ึธื” ื‘ึผึฐืžึนืชื•ึน: (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื“, ื”): ื•ึทื™ึผึธืžึธืช ืฉืึธื ืžืฉืึถื” ืขึถื‘ึถื“ ื”': (ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื, ื): ื•ึทื™ึฐื”ึดื™ ืึทื—ึฒืจึตื™ ืžื•ึนืช ืžืฉืึถื”: (ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื, ื‘): ืžืฉืึถื” ืขึทื‘ึฐื“ึผึดื™ ืžึตืช. (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื” ื™ื ื™)
ื”ึฒืžึดืŸ ื”ึทืกึถึผืœึทืข ื”ึทื–ึถึผื” ื ื•ึนืฆึดื™ื ืœึธื›ึถื ืžึธื™ึดื. ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืกื‘ืจื• ื›ืžืฉืžืขื•, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืื™ืš ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืกืœืข ื–ื” ื™ื•ืฆื™ื ืœื›ื ืžื™ื ื•ืžืฉื” ืจืฆื” ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืกื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืžืŸ ื”ืกืœืข ื”ื–ื” ื ื•ืฆื™ื ืœื›ื ืžื™ื ื›ืžื• ืฉื ืขืฉื”, ื•ืœื›ืš ื”ืงืคื™ื“ ื”ืงื‘ืดโ€Žื”, ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืœืคืจืฉ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉื™ื“ืขื• ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืฉื”ืงื‘ืดโ€Žื” ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื”ื ืžื™ื ื•ื”ื•ื ืœื ื“ืงื“ืง ื‘ืœืฉื•ื ื•. (ื—ื–ืงื•ื ื™)
ื‘ื ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืœื‘ืืจ ืžื“ื•ืข ื‘ืืžืช ื”ืชื’ืœื’ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืื” ื”ื˜ืขื•ืช ืœื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉื” ืœื”ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืกืœืข ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืืœื™ื•, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืš ืžืคืจืฉืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” (ื› ื™ื) ื•ึทื™ึธึผืจึถื ืžึนืฉึถืื” ืึถืช ื™ึธื“ื•ึน โ€“ ืžืฉื” ื”ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืื•ืช ื™' ืžืŸ ื”ืคืกื•ืง ื”ืงื•ื“ื, ืฉืœื ืืžืจ ื™ื•ืฆื™ื ืœึธื›ึถื ืžึธื™ึดื, ืืœื ื ื•ึนืฆึดื™ื ืœึธื›ึถื ืžึธื™ึดื ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืชื’ืœื’ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืฉื•ึทื™ึทึผืšึฐ ืึถืช ื”ึทืกึถึผืœึทืข ื‘ึฐึผืžึทื˜ึตึผื”ื•ึผ ืคึทึผืขึฒืžึธื™ึดื, ื›ื™ ืขื‘ื™ืจื” โ€“ ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื”ื™ื ื ืขืฉื™ืช ื‘ืฉื’ื’ื” ื’ื•ืจืจืช ืื—ืจื™ื” ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืื—ืจืช. (ืื“ืจืช ืืœื™ื”ื•)
ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื (ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืคืจืงื™ื ืคืจืง ื“') ืฉื”ื—ื˜ื ื”ื™ื” ืœืคื™ ืฉื›ืขืก ื‘ืื•ืžืจื• (ื› ื™) ืฉึดืืžึฐืขื•ึผ ื ึธื ื”ึทืžึนึผืจึดื™ื, ื•ื‘ื ืœื›ืœืœ ื›ืขืก ื‘ื ืœื›ืœืœ ื—ื˜ื, ื•ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื“ืงื“ืง ืขืœื™ื• ืฉื”ื™ื” ืื“ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ืœืื“ื ื›ืžื•ื”ื• ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื›ื•ืขืก ืœืคื ื™ ืขื“ืช ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ื‘ื• ื”ื›ืขืก, ื•ื›ืœ ื›ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ื”ืฉื, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืชื ื•ืขื•ืชื™ื• ื›ื•ืœื ืืœ ื”ืฆืœื—ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ื•ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื, ื•ืื™ืš ื™ืจืื” ืขืœื™ื• ื”ื›ืขืก ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืŸ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืจืขื•ืช, ื•ืœื ื™ื‘ื•ื ื›ื™ ืื ืžืชื›ื•ื ืชื” ืจืขื” ื‘ื ืคืฉ, ื•ืขืœ ื–ื” ืืžืจ (ื› ื›ื“) ืขึทืœ ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ืžึฐืจึดื™ืชึถื ืึถืช ืคึดึผื™ ืœึฐืžึตื™ ืžึฐืจึดื™ื‘ึธื”, ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื, ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ืจืื•ื”ื• ืฉื›ืขืก ื•ื”ื•ื ืข"ื” ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืคื—ื™ืชื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื•ืช, ื—ืฉื‘ื• ื›ื™ ื”' ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ื›ืขืก ืขืœื™ื”ื ื‘ื‘ืงืฉืช ื”ืžื™ื, ื•ืœื•ืœื™ ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื›ื•ืขืก, ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžืฆืื ื• ื‘ื–ื” ื›ืขืก ืœื”' ื™ืชื‘ืจืš. (ืฉืคืชื™ ื›ื”ืŸ)

ื•ึทื™ึดึผืจึฐืื•ึผ ื›ื‡ึผืœ ื”ึธืขึตื“ึธื” ื›ึดึผื™ ื’ึธื•ึทืข ืึทื”ึฒืจึนืŸ ื•ึทื™ึดึผื‘ึฐื›ึผื•ึผ ืึถืช ืึทื”ึฒืจึนืŸ ืฉึฐืืœึนืฉึดืื™ื ื™ื•ึนื ื›ึนึผืœ ื‘ึตึผื™ืช ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ. (ื› ื›ื˜)
ื—ื™ื“ื” ื‘ืคืจืฉื” โ€“ ืจืื™ื” ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื” ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืจื•ืฆื— ื ืคืฉ ื‘ืฉื’ื’ื”.
ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” โ€“ ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื•ึทื™ึดึผื‘ึฐื›ึผื•ึผ ืึถืช ืึทื”ึฒืจึนืŸ ืฉึฐืืœึนืฉึดืื™ื ื™ื•ึนื 'ื›ึนึผืœ' ื‘ึตึผื™ืช ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ ืžื›ืืŸ ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ื›ืœ ื”ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื” ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืจื•ืฆื— ื ืคืฉ ื‘ืฉื’ื’ื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืœืžื—ื ื” ืœื•ื™ื”, ื•ื”ื™ื” ื ืคืจื“ ืžื‘ื™ืชื• ื•ืžืžืฉืคื—ืชื•. ืฉืืžืจื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” (ืœื”ืœืŸ ืœื” ื›ื”) ื‘ืจื•ืฆื—ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉื‘ ืฉื ืขึทื“ ืžื•ึนืช ื”ึทื›ึนึผื”ึตืŸ ื”ึทื’ึธึผื“ึนืœ, ื•ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ืœืฉืžื•ื—.
ืฉืืœื” โ€“ ืžื” ื”ื˜ืขื ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื•ึทื™ึดึผื‘ึฐื›ึผื•ึผ ืึถืช ืึทื”ึฒืจึนืŸ ืฉึฐืืœึนืฉึดืื™ื ื™ื•ึนื ื›ึนึผืœ ื‘ึตึผื™ืช ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ ื•ืœื ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ.
ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” โ€“ ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ื‘ืฉื ืช ื”ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื‘ืจืืฉ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืื‘ ื•ื”ื™ื• ืกื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืขื ืฉื™ืžื•ืชื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื˜' ื‘ืื‘ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ, ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ื™ื“ ื›ื˜) ื‘ึทึผืžึดึผื“ึฐื‘ึธึผืจ ื”ึทื–ึถึผื” ื™ึดืคึฐึผืœื•ึผ ืคึดื’ึฐืจึตื™ื›ึถื, ื•ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ืœื ื—ืžื” ืขื‘ื•ืจื ืžื™ืชืช ืื”ืจืŸ ืฉื’ื ืื”ืจืŸ ื™ื ื•ื— ืืฆืœ ืžืฉื›ื‘ื•ืชื, ื•ืœื ื™ึดืชึทึผืžึผื•ึผ ื‘ึทึผืžึดึผื“ึฐื‘ึธึผืจ ื”ึทื–ึถึผื” ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ืชื—ื™ื”, ืืœื ื™ืงื•ืžื• ืœืชื—ื™ื” ืขื ืื”ืจืŸ. ืฉื”ืจื™ ืขืœ ืื”ืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืชื—ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืชื™ื, ื•ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช 'ืžื•ืฉืš ืขืฆืžื• ื•ืื—ืจ ืขืžื•'. ืžืฉืœ ืœืžืœืš ืฉื–ืจืง ืฆืจื•ืจื•ืช, ืžื” ืขืฉื” ? ื”ืฉืœื™ืš ืžื™ื“ื• ืžืจื’ืœื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื’ื‘ื™ื” ืืช ื›ื•ืœื. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ึตึผื™ืช ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ ื”ืžื” ื”ื˜ืฃ ื•ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืฉืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ื’ื–ื™ืจืช ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื โ€“ ื”ืžื” ื‘ื›ื• ื›ื•ืœื ืขืœ ืžื•ืช ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื”' ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื‘ืืจืฅ. (ืžืฉืš ื—ื›ืžื”)

ื•ึทื™ึดึผืฉึฐืืžึทืข ื”ึทื›ึฐึผื ึทืขึฒื ึดื™ ืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ืขึฒืจึธื“ ื™ึนืฉึตืื‘ ื”ึทื ึถึผื’ึถื‘ ื›ึดึผื™ ื‘ึธึผื ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ ื“ึถึผืจึถืšึฐ ื”ึธืึฒืชึธืจึดื™ื ื•ึทื™ึดึผืœึธึผื—ึถื ื‘ึฐึผื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ ื•ึทื™ึดึผืฉึฐืื‘ึฐึผ ืžึดืžึถึผื ึผื•ึผ ืฉึถืื‘ึดื™. (ื›ื ื)
ืฉืืœื” โ€“ ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืจืžื•ื– ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ืžื” ืฉืคื™ืจืฉ"ื™ โ€“ 'ืึตื™ื ึธื”ึผ ืึถืœึธึผื ืฉึดืืคึฐื—ึธื” ืึทื—ึทืช'. ืžื” ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ ืžึดืžึถึผื ึผื•ึผ. ื”ื•ืœ"ืœ ื•ึทื™ึดึผืœึธึผื—ึถื ื‘ึฐึผื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ ื•ึทื™ึดึผืฉึฐืื‘ึฐึผ ืฉึถืื‘ึดื™.
ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” โ€“ ืฉึถืื‘ึดื™ ืจืืฉื™ ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืคื—ื” ื‘ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ. (ืžื ื—ื” ื‘ืœื•ืœื”)
ื•ื–ื”ื• ืžึดืžึถึผื ึผื•ึผ ืžึดืžึถึผื ึผื•ึผ ืžืžืฉ, ืฉื”ื›ื ืขื ื™ ื”ื•ื ืขึถื‘ึถื“ ืขึฒื‘ึธื“ึดื™ื (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื˜ ื›ื”) ื•ืžืฆื ืžื™ืŸ ืืช ืžื™ื ื• ื•ื ื™ืขื•ืจ, ื•ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืื ืื—ืจ ืฉืžืชื• ืื”ืจืŸ ื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ืื ื™ืกืคื™ืง ืœื”ื ื–ื›ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื”. (ืฉืคืชื™ ื›ื”ืŸ)

ื•ึทื™ึทึผืขึทืฉื‚ ืžึนืฉึถืื” ื ึฐื—ึทืฉื ื ึฐื—ึนืฉึถืืช ื•ึทื™ึฐืฉึดื‚ืžึตื”ื•ึผ ืขึทืœ ื”ึทื ึตึผืก ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ืึดื ื ึธืฉึทืืšึฐ ื”ึทื ึธึผื—ึธืฉื ืึถืช ืึดื™ืฉื ื•ึฐื”ึดื‘ึดึผื™ื˜ ืึถืœ ื ึฐื—ึทืฉื ื”ึทื ึฐึผื—ึนืฉึถืืช ื•ึธื—ึธื™. (ื›ื ื˜)
ื ึฐื—ึนืฉึถืืช ื•ึทื™ึฐืฉึดื‚ืžึตื”ื•ึผ ืขึทืœ - ืจืืฉื™ ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ืขื•ืŸ, ืฉืขืชื™ื“ื™ืŸ ืœื˜ืขื•ืช ื‘ื• ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืชื• ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื”. (ืฉืคืชื™ ื›ื”ืŸ)
ืฉืืœื” โ€“ ืžื” ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ื ื™ื— ืืช ื ื—ืฉ ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉืช ืขืœ ืขืžื“ื• ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืกื™ื™ื ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื•, ื•ืืžืจื• ื–"ืœ (ืชืžื™ื“ ืœื‘.) ืึตื™ื–ึถื”ื•ึผ ื—ึธื›ึธื โ€“ ื”ึธืจื•ึนืึถื” ืึถืช ื”ึทื ึผื•ึนืœึธื“, ื•ื"ื› ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืื•ืชื• ื ื—ืฉ ื™ืคืชื— ืคืชื— ืœืจืฉืขื™ื ืœึฐื”ึธืคึฐื›ื•ึน ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื”. ื•ืจืง ื—ื–ืงื™ื”ื• ืžืœืš ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืขืžื“ ื•ืฉื‘ืจื• ืฉืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืื•ืชื•. ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ืž"ื‘ ื™ื— ื“) ื•ึฐื›ึดืชึทึผืช ื ึฐื—ึทืฉื ื”ึทื ึฐึผื—ึนืฉึถืืช ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ืขึธืฉึธื‚ื” ืžึนืฉึถืื” ื›ึดึผื™ ืขึทื“ ื”ึทื™ึธึผืžึดื™ื ื”ึธื”ึตืžึธึผื” ื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ื‘ึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ ืžึฐืงึทื˜ึฐึผืจึดื™ื ืœื•ึน ื•ึทื™ึดึผืงึฐืจึธื ืœื•ึน ื ึฐื—ึปืฉึฐืืชึธึผืŸ.
ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” โ€“ ืื•ืชื• ื ื—ืฉ ืœื™ืžื“ ืืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ืœืœ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“, ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืื“ื ืขื•ืฉื” ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ื™ืฉื•ืขืชื• ืชืฆืžื— ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืฆืจื” ืขืฆืžื”, ื›ืžื• ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื™ืจืžื™ื” ืœ ื™ื–) ื•ึผืžึดืžึทึผื›ึผื•ึนืชึทื™ึดืšึฐ ืึถืจึฐืคึธึผืึตืšึฐ, ืฉืžื”ืžื›ื•ืช ืขืฆืžืŸ ืžื›ื™ืŸ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืจื˜ื™ื” ืœืื“ื, ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื”ื ื™ื— ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืืช ื ื—ืฉ ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉืช ืขืœ ืขืžื“ื•, ืœืœืžื“ ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื• ืฉืื•ืชื• ื ื—ืฉ ืฉื”ืžื™ืช ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ืฉื—ื˜ืื• ื”ื•ื ืขืฆืžื• ืจื™ืคื ืื•ืชื ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื ืฉื‘ื• ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”. ื–ื” ื’ื ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืžื“ื•ืข ืืกื ื•ื™ื”ื•ืฉืคื˜ ื”ื ื™ื—ื• ืืช ื”ื ื—ืฉ ืขืœ ืžื›ื•ื ื•, ืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืขื‘ื“ื• ื‘ื• ืข"ื–. ืฉืื•ืชื ื—ื•ื˜ืื™ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืืœื ื—ืœืง ืงื˜ืŸ ืžืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืกื‘ืจื• ืื•ืชื ืžืœื›ื™ื ืฉืขื“ื™ืฃ ืฉืžืขื˜ ื™ื›ืฉืœื• ื•ืœืจื‘ื™ื ื”ื•ื ื™ืœืžื“ ื“ืจืš ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”. ืืš ื—ื–ืงื™ื”ื• ื”ืžืœืš ืกื‘ืจ ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืื•ืชื ืžืขื˜ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ื• ืข"ื– ืจืื•ื™ ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืื•ืชื• ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ืชื•ืขืœืช ืฉืชืฆืžื— ืœืื—ืจื™ื ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ื ื›ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ื• ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื. (ื‘ื ื™ื”ื• โ€“ ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ื–.)

ืึธื– ื™ึธืฉึดืื™ืจ ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ ืึถืช ื”ึทืฉึดึผืื™ืจึธื” ื”ึทื–ึนึผืืช ืขึฒืœึดื™ ื‘ึฐืึตืจ ืขึฑื ื•ึผ ืœึธื”ึผ. (ื›ื ื™ื–) ื™ึธืฉึดืื™ืจ ืžืœื ื™' โ€“ ื›ื™ ื™' ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื: ืขืœ ื”ื™ื. ื‘ืืจ. ื”ืื–ื™ื ื•. ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข. ื“ื‘ื•ืจื” .ื—ื ื” .ื“ื•ื“. ืฉืœืžื”. ื—ื–ืงื™ื”. ื•ืฉื™ืจื” ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื•ื.
ืฉืืœื” โ€“ ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื™ื, ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ ื•ืฉื™ืจืช ืžืฉื” ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืื–ื™ื ื•.
ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” โ€“ ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื™ื ื•ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ ืื—ื“ ืงื•ืจื ื•ืœื ืฉื ื™ื. ืฉื™ืจืช ืžืฉื” (ื”ืื–ื™ื ื•) ื•' ืื ืฉื™ื ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืื•ืชื” ื•ืกื™ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื™"ื• ืœ"ืš. (ืžืก' ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ืคื™"ื‘ โ€“ ื”ืจื•ืงื—)
ื‘ึฐึผืึตืจ ื—ึฒืคึธืจื•ึผื”ึธ ืฉึธื‚ืจึดื™ื ื›ึธึผืจื•ึผื”ึธ (ื›ื ื™ื—) ืจ"ืช ื‘ึผึทื—ึนืฉืึถืšึฐ ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจื• ื–"ืœ ื‘ึฐึผืžึทื—ึฒืฉึทืื›ึดึผื™ื ื”ื•ึนืฉึดืื™ื‘ึทื ึดื™ (ืื™ื›ื” ื’ ื•) ื–ื” ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ื‘ืœื™ ืฉืื– ื”ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืงืฉื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืœืื•ืจ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื–ื” ืจืžื– ื‘ึผึทื—ึนืฉืึถืšึฐ ื›ึธึผืจื•ึผื”ึธ ื ึฐื“ึดื™ื‘ึตื™ ื”ึธืขึธื ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ื ืžืขืœื™ื ืื•ืจ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžื”ื—ื•ืฉืš. ื•ื–ื” ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืฉื ื™ืฆื•ืฆื™ื• ืžืื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื•ื–"ืฉ ื‘ึดึผืžึฐื—ึนืงึตืง ื‘ึฐึผืžึดืฉึฐืืขึฒื ึนืชึธื. (ื—ื•ืžืช ืื ืš) ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื’ ื›ื) ื›ึดึผื™ ืฉึธืื ื—ึถืœึฐืงึทืช ืžึฐื—ึนืงึตืง ืกึธืคื•ึผืŸ ืคืจืฉ"ื™ - ื›ึดึผื™ ื™ึธื“ึทืข ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ืฉึธืื ื‘ึฐึผื ึทื—ึฒืœึธืชื•ึน ื—ึถืœึฐืงึทืช ืฉึฐื‚ื“ึตื” ืงึฐื‘ื•ึผืจึทืช ืžึฐื—ื•ึนืงึตืง, ื•ึฐื”ื•ึผื ืžึนืฉึถืื”.
ืžื” ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื ืงืจื ืžึฐื—ึนืงึตืง? ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ื—ื•ืง โ€“ ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ืžื•ืฉืœ ื™ืงืจื ืžื—ื•ืงืง, ืœืคื™ ืฉื ื•ืชืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื. (ืจื“"ืง) ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ืžื•ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื ืžื™ื™ืกื“ ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื ื•ื—ื•ืงื™ื
ื™ืจืฆื” ืฉื™ืชื ื”ื’ื• ื‘ื”ื ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืฉืœ ืขืœื™ื”ื - ืงืจื ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฉืœ ืžื—ื•ืงืง. (ืจืœื‘"ื’)

ื•ึทื™ึดึผื‘ึฐืจึทื— ื™ึดืคึฐืชึธึผื— ืžึดืคึฐึผื ึตื™ ืึถื—ึธื™ื• ื•ึทื™ึตึผืฉึถืื‘ ื‘ึฐึผืึถืจึถืฅ ื˜ื•ึนื‘. (ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื™ื ื’) ืžืคื˜ื™ืจ.
ืฉืืœื” โ€“ ืžื”ื™ ืฉืžื” ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ืฉืžื”.
ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” โ€“ ืื™ืชื ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ (ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืคืจืง ื• ื) ืึธืžึทืจ ืจื™ื‘"ืœ ื›ึฐึผืชึดื™ื‘ ื•ึทื™ึดึผื‘ึฐืจึทื— ื™ึดืคึฐืชึทึผื— ืžึดืคึฐึผื ึตื™ ืึถื—ึธื™ื• ื•ึทื™ึตึผืฉึถืื‘ ื‘ึฐึผืึถืจึถืฅ ื˜ื•ึนื‘ ื–ื•ึน 'ืกื•ึผืกึผึดื™ืชึธื'. ื•ึฐืœึธืžึผึธื” ื ึดืงึฐืจึธื ืฉึฐืืžึธื”ึผ ื˜ื•ึนื‘ ืฉึถืื™ึดึผืคึฐื˜ื•ึนืจ ืžึดืŸ ื”ึทืžึทึผืขึฐืฉึฐื‚ืจื•ึนืช. ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืงืจืื•ื” ื›ืŸ ืžื—ืžืช ื™ืจืืช ืฉืžื™ื ืฉื ืชื™ื™ืจืื• ืžืื“ ืฉืœื ื™ื›ืฉืœื• ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ ื˜ื‘ืœ ื•ืฉื ืื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื—ืฉืฉื•ืช ื”ืืœื”. (ื˜ืขืžื ื“ืงืจื)


ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ืคื ื™ื ืœืชื•ืจื”, ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืชื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืื—ืช
ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืื™ื ื ืœื”ืœื›ื” ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ืขืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืืจื•ืช ื™ืชืงื‘ืœื• ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื”
ืœืข"ื  ื”ืจื‘ ื—ืคืฅ ื‘ืŸ ืืกืชืจ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืขืœื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื™ื™ืœ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ืช [email protected]

ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il