ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ื”ืœื›ื” ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื•ืžื•ืกืจ
  • ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช
  • ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
  • ืกืคืจื™ื”
  • ืœื™ืงื•ื˜ื™ื ื
  • ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช
undefined
6 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”

ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืœืจืคื•ืืช

ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื” ื‘ืช ื“ื•ื“

ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช
ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืขืจื•ืš ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ื”, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืช ืžื™ืœื”, ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืŸ, ื‘ืจ ืžืฆื•ื•ื”, ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื”? ื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืžืกื•ืคืจ ืฉื”ื™ื• ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื•ืขื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืฉื ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช. ื•ืžื›ืืŸ ืฉืืฃ ืฉื›ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉื ื• ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืžื•ืชืจื•ืช (ืคืกื—ื™ื ืค"ื ื”"ื, ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืค"ื— ื”"ื‘, ืฉื•"ืข ืื•"ื— ืงื ื, ื“). ืืœื ืฉืœื“ืขืช ื‘ืขืœ ื”'ืžื’ืŸ-ืื‘ืจื”ื' (ืงื ื, ื”) ืจืง ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืชื™ื ื‘ื”ืŸ ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื™ืจื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ืชืจ ื”ื•ื ืžืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช ืขื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืฉื ื” ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ื™ื• ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ืคืช ื•ืงื˜ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื•ืœืคื™ ื“ืขืชื• ืืกื•ืจ ืœืกืขื•ื“ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืช, ืื• ืกืขื•ื“ืช ื‘ืจื™ืช ืžื™ืœื”, ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืŸ ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื”, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืŸ ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืฉื•ืชื™ื ื‘ื”ืŸ ื™ื™ืŸ. ื•ืจืง ืžืกื™ื‘ืช ืกื™ื•ื ืžืกื›ืช, ืฉื™ื’ื™ืฉื• ื‘ื” ืื•ื›ืœ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืขืจื•ืš ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช (ื•ืœื›ืš ื ื•ื˜ื” ื“ืขืช ืขืจื•ื”"ืฉ ืงื ื, ื•).

ืื‘ืœ ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคื•ืกืงื™ื, ื›ืœ ืกืขื•ื“ืช ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืขืจื•ืš ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื• ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืœืงื“ืฉ ืขืœ ื”ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ืื•ืจื—ื™ื ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืกื•ืขื“ื™ื ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช. ื•ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืฉื™ืฉืžืจื• ืขืœ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ืžืงื•ื. ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืฉืชื™ื™ืช ื”ื™ื™ืŸ, ืืฃ ืฉืžื•ืชืจ ืœื“ืขืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืœืฉืชื•ืช ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ืช ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืฉื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื–ื”ืจ ืฉืœื ืœื”ืฉืชื›ืจ (ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ื—ื™ ืฉ"ื ื•ื™ืงืจื ื“', ืฆื™ืฅ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื™ื“, ื›ื•). ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ, ืฉื‘ืื•ืชืŸ ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืžืื– ื•ืžืชืžื™ื“ ื ื”ื’ื• ืœืขืจื•ืš ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืช ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช, ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ืชื ื• ืขืœ ื›ืš ื‘ืžืคื•ืจืฉ, ื•ืžืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืœื ื—ืœื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ื–ื” ืฉืชืืกื•ืจ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœืขืจื•ืš ืืช ื›ืœ ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช. ื•ื›ืŸ ืคืกืง ื‘ืขืœ ื”'ืžืฉื ื”-ื‘ืจื•ืจื”' (ืงื ื, ื›, ื•ืฉืขื”"ืฆ ื™ื“) 1 .

ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื, ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืœืขืจื•ืš ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช, ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ืžื ื”ื’ื. ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืœืขืจื•ืš ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืช ืžื™ืœื” ื•ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช, ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื ืœืขืจื•ืš ืฉื ื›ืœ ืกืขื•ื“ืช ืžืฆื•ื•ื”, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืกืขื•ื“ืช ื‘ืจ-ืžืฆื•ื•ื”, ืกืขื•ื“ืช ื—ืชื•ื ื” ื•ืฉื‘ืข-ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช. ื•ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืฉื™ื–ื”ืจื• ืžืื•ื“ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช, ื•ื™ื™ืžื ืขื• ืžื›ืœ ืฉื™ื—ื” ื‘ื˜ืœื” ื•ืงืœื•ืช ืจืืฉ. ื•ื›ืŸ ื™ื™ื–ื”ืจื• ืžืขื™ืจื•ื‘ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืœื ื ื”ื’ื• ืœืขืจื•ืš ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช, ืžืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ื›ื“ืขืช ื”'ืžื’ืŸ-ืื‘ืจื”ื', ืฉืœื ืœืขืจื•ืš ื‘ืชื•ืš ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืžื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื™ื™ืŸ. ืื‘ืœ ื”ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืงืœ ืจืฉืื™ื, ืฉื›ืŸ ื“ืขืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคื•ืกืงื™ื.

ื ืฉื™ืืช ื ืฉืง ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช
ื›ืชื‘ื• ื›ืžื” ืžื—ื›ืžื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืขื ืกื›ื™ืŸ ืืจื•ื›ื”, (ืฉื•"ืข ืื•"ื— ืงื ื, ื•, ืขืค"ื™ ืžื”ืจ"ื ืžืจื•ื˜ื ื‘ื•ืจื’ ื•ืขื•ื“). ื“ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉืœื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื‘ืจื–ืœ. ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืฉืžื•ืช ื›, ื›ื‘): "ื•ืื ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื‘ื ื™ื ืชืขืฉื” ืœื™, ืœื ืชื‘ื ื” ืืชื”ืŸ ื’ื–ื™ืช, ื›ื™ ื—ืจื‘ืš ื”ื ืคืช ืขืœื™ื” ื•ืชื—ืœืœื™ื”". ืžื•ื‘ื ืขืœ ื›ืš ื‘ืžื›ื™ืœืชื: "ืžื›ืืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ืืœืขื–ืจ ืื•ืžืจ: ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ื ื‘ืจื ืœื”ืืจื™ืš ืฉื ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื, ื•ื”ื‘ืจื–ืœ ืœืงืฆืจ ืฉื ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื, ืื™ื ื• ืจืฉืื™ ืœื”ื ื™ืฃ ื”ืžืงืฆืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžืืจื™ืš". ื•ืขืœ ืกืžืš ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื–ื• ื›ืชื‘ื• ื›ืžื” ืžื—ื›ืžื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืขื ืกื›ื™ืŸ ืืจื•ื›ื”, ืฉื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื ื•ืขื“ ืœื”ืืจื™ืš ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ืกื›ื™ืŸ ืœืงืฆืจ.

ื ืฉืืœื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ืฉืืœื”, ืžื” ื™ืขืฉื• ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื•ื”ืฉื•ื˜ืจื™ื ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฉืืช ืืช ื ืฉืงื ืขืžื”ื, ื”ืื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืขื ื”ืจื•ื‘ื” ืื• ื”ืืงื“ื— ืื• ืฉืžื ืืกื•ืจ? ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉื ื• ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ ืœื”ืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืขื ื ืฉืง, ืื–ื™ ืžื•ืชืจ ืžืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืขื™ืžื• ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื ืคืฉ ื“ื•ื—ื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช. ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื™ื ืžื” ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื—ื“ ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื›ืžื” ื ืฉืงื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช, ื•ืžืื™ื“ืš, ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืืงื“ื— ืื• ื”ืจื•ื‘ื” ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจื• ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ, ืžืคื ื™ ื”ืกื›ื ื” ืฉืžื ื™ื’ื ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ื ืฉืง ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ื’ื™ืข ืœืžื—ื‘ืœื™ื ืื• ืคื•ืฉืขื™ื! ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืืงื“ื— ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื•ื ืœื›ืกื•ืชื•, ืฉื›ืŸ ืœื“ืขืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืื ื”ืกื›ื™ืŸ ืžื›ื•ืกื”, ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืขื™ืžื” ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื ื•ืฉื ืืงื“ื—, ื™ืกืชื™ืจื ื• ื‘ื—ื•ืœืฆืชื•, ืื• ื™ื›ื ื™ืกื ื• ืœืชื™ืง. ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืจื•ื‘ื”, ืื ื ื™ืชืŸ - ื™ื›ืกื”ื• (ื"ืจ, ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื’ื™ืจืกื ื‘ืจื‘ื ื• ืคืจืฅ, ืชืฉื‘"ืฅ ื•ื›ืœื‘ื•). ืืžื ื ื™ืฉื ื ื”ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืกื›ื™ืŸ ืžื›ื•ืกื” ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืขื™ืžื” ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช (ื˜"ื– ืงื ื, ื‘). ืื‘ืœ ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืขืœ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช 'ืฆื™ืฅ-ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ' (ื™, ื™ื—), ืฉื“ื™ืŸ ื ืฉืง ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืžื—ืกื ื™ืช ืงืœ ืžื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืกื›ื™ืŸ, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืกื›ื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืžื™ื“ ืœื”ืจื•ื’, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ืจื•ื‘ื” ืœืœื ื”ืžื—ืกื ื™ืช ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืจื•ื’. ื•ืขืœ ืคื™ ื–ื” ื”ืงืœ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื“ื—ืง ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืขื ืจื•ื‘ื”, ื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืื™ืŸ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื›ืกื•ืชื•.

ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื: ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืฉืœื ืœื‘ื•ื ืขื ื ืฉืง ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช. ืื‘ืœ ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉื ื• ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™, ืื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉื‘ื• ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื ืฉืง, ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืคืกื™ื“ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื–ื” ืชืคื™ืœื” ื‘ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื•ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืขื ื”ื ืฉืง ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช, ื•ื™ืกืชื™ืจื”ื• ืื• ื™ื›ืกื”ื•, ื•ืžื•ื˜ื‘ ื’ื ืœืคืจื•ืง ืžืžื ื• ืืช ื”ืžื—ืกื ื™ืช. ื•ื›ืฉืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื›ืกื•ืช ืืช ื”ื ืฉืง, ืœื›ืœ ื”ืคื—ื•ืช ื™ืฉ ืœืคืจื•ืง ืžืชื•ื›ื• ืืช ื”ืžื—ืกื ื™ืช.

ื›ืœื‘ ื ื—ื™ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช
ืขื™ื•ื•ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื ืœื”ื™ืขื–ืจ ื‘ื›ืœื‘ื™ ื”ื ื—ื™ื”, ื”ืžืื•ืœืคื™ื ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœื”ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื›ืฉืœื• ื‘ื“ืจื›ื. ื•ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื” ืฉืืœื”, ื”ืื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืขื™ื•ื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืขื ื›ืœื‘ื• ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช. ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ืคื™ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื™ืจ ืขืœ ืกืžืš ื›ืžื” ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–"ืœ, ืฉืžืฉืžืข ืžื”ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื• ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื, ื—ืžื•ืจ ืื• ื›ื‘ืฉ. ื•ืขื•ื“, ืฉื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื”ืขื™ื•ื•ืจ ื–ืงื•ืง ืžืื•ื“ ืœื›ืœื‘ื•, ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ืงืœ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ, ื›ืฉื ืฉื”ืงืœื• ื‘ื›ืžื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช. ืืš ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉื™ืฉื‘ ืกืžื•ืš ืœืคืชื— ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ืœื‘ืœื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ (ืื’"ืž ืื•"ื— ื—"ื ืž"ื”). ืื‘ืœ ื›ืžื” ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืืกืจื• ืขืœ ื”ืขื™ื•ื•ืจ ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืืช ื›ืœื‘ื• ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช, ื•ืขืœื•ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื”ื™ืชืคืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื”ืจื•ืื™ื ื›ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ื“'. ื•ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื–ื›ืจ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–"ืœ ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ืื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ืขื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื, ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืฉื”ืฉืื™ืจื• ืื•ืชื ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ. ื•ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ืฉ ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉืžื ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื™ืชืขืกืงื• ืขื ื”ื›ืœื‘ ื•ืœื ื™ืชืจื›ื–ื• ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื”. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื”ื’ื‘ืื™ื ื™ืชืงื™ื ื• ืขืžื•ื“ ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ืขื™ื•ื•ืจ ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืงืฉื•ืจ ืืœื™ื• ืืช ื”ื›ืœื‘ (ืฉืขืจื™ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ืœื›ื” ื™ื’, ื‘; ื™ืœืงื•ื˜ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืงื ื, ื›ื”).

ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœืฉื‘ื•ืจ ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช
ื ืืžืจ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื‘, ื›ื’): "ืื‘ื“ ืชืื‘ื“ื•ืŸ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืืฉืจ ืขื‘ื“ื• ืฉื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื... ื•ื ื™ืชืฆืชื ืืช ืžื–ื‘ื—ื•ืชื ื•ืฉื‘ืจืชื ืืช ืžืฆื‘ื•ืชื... ืœื ืชืขืฉื•ืŸ ื›ืŸ ืœื”' ืืœื•ืงื™ื›ื". ื•ื‘ืกืคืจื™ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืคื™ืกืงื ืก"ื) ืœืžื“ื• ืžื›ืืŸ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืžื ืชืฅ ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื™ื›ืœ ืื• ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืœื ืชืขืฉื”. ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื”ื™ื ืžืขื™ืŸ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืืฃ ื ืงืจื 'ืžืงื“ืฉ-ืžืขื˜', ืืกื•ืจ ืœืฉื‘ื•ืจ ืžืžื ื• ื“ื‘ืจ. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื™ื–ื”ืจ ืฉืœื ืœืงืœืฃ ื‘ืœื ืžืฉื™ื ืฆื‘ืข ืžืงื™ืจ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช, ืฉื›ืŸ ื’ื ื–ื” ื ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจ. ื•ื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœื‘ืขื•ื˜ ื‘ืงื™ืจ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืžื‘ื—ื•ืฅ, ืฉืžื ื™ืคื™ืœ ืžืขื˜ ืžืŸ ื”ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื‘ื—ื•ืฅ (ืฉืืœืช ื™ืขื‘ืฅ ื—"ื‘ ื "ื“). ื•ืืฃ ืจื”ื™ื˜ื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื›ืœื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจ, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื™ื–ื”ืจ ืฉืœื ืœื”ืฉื—ื™ืชื (ื‘ืื•"ื” ืงื ื ื“"ื” 'ื•ืืกื•ืจ'). ืžื•ืชืจ, ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืœืงืœืฃ ืืช ื”ืฆื‘ืข ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกื™ื™ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช, ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืงื“ื•ื— ื—ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืงื™ืจื•ืชื™ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืืœื™ื”ื ืžื ื•ืจื•ืช ื•ืืจื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื”, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื ืชื™ืฆื” ืืœื ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืฆืจื›ื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช (ืฉื•"ืข ืื•"ื— ืงื ื‘, ื"ืจ, ืž"ื‘ ื™"ื‘).

ื“ื™ืจื” ืฉืžืขืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช
ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ, ืงื‘ืขื• ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช ื‘ืงื•ืžื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื‘ ืงื•ืžื•ืช, ื•ื‘ืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืžืขืœื™ื• ื™ืฉื ืŸ ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช. ื•ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืืœื• ืฉื”ืŸ ื”ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื“ื™ื™ืจื™ื ื”ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื™ื ืžืขืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช. ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉืื ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื‘ื ื” ืœืฉื ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช, ืื–ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื™ื–ื”ืจ ืฉืœื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืฉืžืขืœ ืžืงื•ื ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื‘ืฉื•ื ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“. ืœืžืฉืœ ืื™ืŸ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืฉื ืžืงื•ื ืœืฉื™ื ื”, ืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืชืงื™ืŸ ืฉื ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื (ืฉื•"ืข ืงื ื, ื™ื‘ ืขืค"ื™ ืžื”ืจ"ื ืžืจื•ื˜ื ื‘ื•ืจื’). ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื‘ื ื” ื›ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืจื•ืช, ื•ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื ืจื›ืฉื” ืื—ืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช, ืื–ื™ ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืžืขืœื™ื• ืœื ื ืชืงื“ืฉื• ื•ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื”ื’ื‘ืœื” ืขืœ ื”ื“ื™ื™ืจื™ื ืฉืžืขืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช (ืจืž"ื ืขืค"ื™ ืžื”ืจ"ื™ ื•ื™ื™ืœ). ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื›ืŸ, ื›ืžื” ืžืŸ ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื›ืชื‘ื•, ืฉื”ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืืช ื ืคืฉื•, ืจืื•ื™ ืœื• ืฉื™ืชืจื—ืง ืžืœื’ื•ืจ ืžืขืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช (ื›ื ื”"ื’, ืž"ื, ื˜"ื–, ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืขื•ื–ื™ืืœ ืžื”"ืช ืื•"ื— ื™"ื˜). ืื‘ืœ ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืžื™ื“ืช ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช, ื•ืžืฆื“ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ื™ื™ืขื“ื• ืืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืจื•ืช, ื•ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืงื ื• ืื• ืฉื›ืจื• ื“ื™ืจืช ืงืจืงืข ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช, ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื“ื™ื™ืจื™ื ืฉืžืขืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื“ื™ืจืชื ื›ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ื™ืจื”.
ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ื™ืฉื ื” ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช ืžืืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื, ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื ื‘ื ื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœืฉื ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช, ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืฉืžืขืœื™ื• ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืจื”. ืื‘ืœ ืžืขืœ ืœืžืงื•ื ืืจื•ืŸ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื–ื”ืจ ืฉืœื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ. ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื—ื™ื“"ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื—ืฉื•ืฉ ืžืŸ ื”ืกื›ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืžืขืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืฉื—ืฉืฉื• ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ื‘ื–ื”, ืœื ืจืื• ืืช ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืื•ืชื” ื”ื™ื• ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื (ื‘ืจื›"ื™ ืงื ื, ื™; ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืืœ ื—"ื ื ื•).

ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื“ื™ืจื” ืฉืžืขืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืืฃ ืฉืžื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ืžืžืฉ ื›ื ื’ื“ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช, ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืŸ ื›ืœ ื—ืฉืฉ, ื•ืืฃ ืžื•ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืืจื•ืŸ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ. ื•ื›ืŸ ืคืกืง ื‘ืฉื•"ืช 'ื™ื‘ื™ืข-ืื•ืžืจ' (ื—"ื• ืื•"ื— ื›"ื•), ื•ื‘ืฉื•"ืช 'ืฉื‘ื˜-ื”ืœื•ื™' (ื—"ื ื›"ื–).


^ 1 ืืžื ื ื“ืขืช ื”ืฉื•"ืข ืงื ื, ื™ื, ืขืค"ื™ ื”ืชื•ืก' ื•ื”ืจื"ืฉ ืฉืชื ืื™ ืื™ื ื• ืžื•ืขื™ืœ ืœื–ื”. ืื‘ืœ ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจ"ืŸ ื•ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ื”ืชื ืื™ ืžื•ืขื™ืœ ืœืฉืขืช ื”ื“ื—ืง, ื•ืœื“ืขืช ืจืฉ"ื™ ื•ืื•"ื– ืžื•ืขื™ืœ ืืฃ ืฉืœื ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื“ื—ืง. ื•ื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ื˜"ื– ื•ื”ืž"ื‘ ืฉื”ืœื›ื” ื›ืžื•ืชื (ื‘ืื•"ื” ืงื ื, ื™ื, ื“"ื” 'ืื‘ืœ', ืž"ื‘ ืงื ื, ื›, ื•ืฉืขื”"ืฆ ื™"ื“). ืขื•ื“ ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ื‘ืื•ืจ ื”ืœื›ื” ืงื ื, ื™ื, ื“"ื” 'ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื›ื ืกื™ื•ืช', ืฉืœื“ืขืช ื›ืœ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื–ื›ืจื• ืชื ืื™ ืžื•ืขื™ืœ ืืฃ ืœื‘ืชื™ ื›ื ืกืช ืฉื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืฉืœื ื›ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืชื•ืก' ื•ื”ืฉื•"ืข.

ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il