ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืžื“ื•ืจื™ื
  • ื—ืžื“ืช ื™ืžื™ื
  • ืฉื•"ืช "ื‘ืžืจืื” ื”ื‘ื–ืง"
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
undefined
4 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”

ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืœืจืคื•ืืช

ืื•ื“ืœื™ื” ื ื—ืžื” ื‘ืช ืžื™ื›ืœ

ืคืจืื’, ืฆ'ื›ื™ื” Prague, Czech Republic
ื ื™ืกืŸ, ื”'ืชืฉื "ื•

ืชื–ื•ื–ื” ืžืžืงื•ื "ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื", ื‘ืขืœ ืžืชืงืŸ-ื”ื“ื—ื” ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืชื ืคื•ื˜ื•-ืืœืงื˜ืจื™, ื‘ืฉื‘ืช

ืฉืืœื”
ืื“ื ืฉืžืฆื ืขืฆืžื• ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื™ื“ ืžืชืงืŸ ืฉืจื•ืชื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืžืชืงืŸ ื”ื“ื—ื” ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ ื”ืžื•ืคืขืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืงืจืŸ ืคื•ื˜ื•-ืืœืงื˜ืจื™ืช ืขื ืขื–ื™ื‘ืช ื”ืžืงื•ื, ืžื” ื™ืขืฉื” ื”ืื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ืฉืืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื• ืขื“ ืžื•ืฆืื™ ืฉื‘ืช?


ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”
ืื“ื ืฉื ืงืœืข1 ืœืžืฆื‘ ื”ืžืชื•ืืจ ื‘ืฉืืœืชืš, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื–ื•ื– ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ2 ืžืขืจื›ืช ื—ืฉืžืœื™ืช3, ืจืฉืื™ ืœืฆืืช ืžืžืงื•ืžื•4,
ื•ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืฉื™ืขืฉื” ื–ืืช ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™5.
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1 ืื ื‘ืขืžื“ื• ืฉื, ื”ืื“ื ืžืฉืžืฉ ื›ืžืกืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื•ืจ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื ื”ืคื•ื˜ื•-ืืœืงื˜ืจื™, ื•ื‘ืขื•ื–ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ื ื ืกื’ืจ ื”ืžืขื’ืœ, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื–ื• ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื™ื, ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื‘"ืฉืžื™ืจืช ืฉื‘ืช ื›ื”ืœื›ืชื”" (ื—"ื ืคื›"ื’ ืกืขื™ืฃ ื ื’), ื“ืžื” ืœื™ ื”ืคืขืœื” ืข"ื™ ืœื—ื™ืฆืช ื›ืคืชื•ืจ ื•ืžื” ืœื™ ืข"ื™ ื”ืกืจืช ืžืกืš ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื•ืจ ืœืชื ื”ืคื•ื˜ื•-ืืœืงื˜ืจื™.
2 ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื ื• ื‘ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืกื’ื™ืจืช ืžืขื’ืœ ื—ืฉืžืœื™. ืจื‘ื™ื ืืกืจื• ืžืฉื•ื ืžื•ืœื™ื“, ื›ืžื• ื‘ืฉื•"ืช "ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืฆื—ืง" (ื™ื•"ื“ ื—"ื‘) "ื“ืข"ื™ ืกื’ื™ืจืช ื–ืจื ืขืœืืœืงื˜ืจื™ ื ื•ืœื“ ื›ื— ืขืœืืœืงื˜ืจื™ ื•ื–ื” ืืกื•ืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื‘ืกื—ื•ืคื ื›ืกื ืืฉื™ืจืื™ (ื ื•ืชืŸ ืจื™ื— ื‘ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื) ื“ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื” ื›ื’ ืข"ื ื“ืืกื•ืจ ืžืฉื•ื ืžื•ืœื™ื“ ืจื™ื—". ืœื“ืขืชื ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ืืœื ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ, ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจืฉ"ื™ ืฉื ื‘ื’ืž' ื“"ื” ื“ืงืžื•ืœื™ื“, ื•ื›ืŸ ื“ืขืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื. ื”"ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืื™ืฉ" ื—ื™ื“ืฉ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื•ื ื”. ื•ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื›ื•ืชื‘ (ื—ืื•"ื— ืกื™' ื  ืื•ืช ื˜): "ื•ืขื•ื“ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ืžืฉื•ื ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืžื ื ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืขืžื™ื“ื• ืขืœ ืชื›ื•ื ืชื• ืœื–ืจื•ื ืืช ื–ืจื ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ื‘ืชืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื•ืงืจื•ื‘ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื–ื” ื‘ื•ื ื” ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืขื•ืฉื” ื›ืœื™... ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืฆื•ืจื” (ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ) ืœื”ื’ืฉื (ื”ื—ื•ื˜ื™ื) ื•ื ืขืฉื” ืข"ื™ ื–ื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ, ื•ื“ืื™ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ ื‘ื•ื ื”". ืืžื ื ืจื‘ื• ื”ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ืขืœื™ื•, ื›ืžื• ื‘ืฉื•"ืช "ืžื ื—ืช ืฉืœืžื”" ื”ืžืืจื™ืš ื‘ื–ื” (ืฉื ืกื™' ื™ื) ื•ื‘ืฉื•"ืช "ื™ื‘ื™ืข ืื•ืžืจ" (ื—"ื’ ืื•"ื— ืกื™' ื›ื’ ืื•ืช ื–). ืœืžืขืฉื” ื ืžืฉืš ืื—ืจื™ื”ื ื‘ืขืœ ืฉื•"ืช "ืžื ื—ืช ื™ืฆื—ืง" (ื—"ื“ ืกื™' ืงื›ื‘) ื”ืคื•ืกืง ืฉื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฆืขืจ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœื ื›ืจื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืžืื•ื•ืจืจ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ืคืขืœืช ืžืื•ื•ืจืจ ื”ื™ื ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ, ื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื“ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืžื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื•ื ืฆืขืจ, ื•ื›ืŸ ืคืกืง ื”"ืฉืžื™ืจืช ืฉื‘ืช ื›ื”ืœื›ืชื”" (ื—"ื ืคื™"ื’ ืกืขื™ืฃ ืœื“). ืžืจืŸ ื”ื’ืจ"ืฉ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ืืกืจ ืกื’ื™ืจืช ืžืขื’ืœ ื—ืฉืžืœื™ ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืฉื•ื ืžื›ื” ื‘ืคื˜ื™ืฉ. ื“ืขืชื• ื”ื•ื‘ืื” ื‘"ื‘ืžืจืื” ื”ื‘ื–ืง" (ื—"ื‘ ืขืž' 39 ื”ืขืจื” 2. ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื•ื–ื›ืจ ื‘ื—ื•ื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื›ืจืš ื' ืขืž' ืจื˜"ื• ืืžื ื ืœื”ืœื›ื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื’ื ืชื—ื•ืžื™ืŸ ื—' ืขืž' 48. ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžื ื—ืช ืฉืœืžื” ืกื™' ื˜ ืขืž' ืขื' (ืืข"ืค ืฉื”ื•ื ืขืฆืžื• ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืžืกื‘ืจื ื–ืืช ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš) "... ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืžื‘ืœืขื“ื™ ื”ื–ืจื ืื™ืŸ ืœืžื›ื•ื ื” ืฉื•ื ืกื’ื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืžื›ื•ื ื” ืœื›ืŸ ืืคืฉืจ ืฉืข"ื™ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืขื ื”ื–ืจื ื—ืฉื™ื‘ ื›ืžืชืงืŸ ืœื”ื™ื•ืชื• ืจืื•ื™ ืœืžื™ืœื•ื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื™ื“ื•ืข ื•ื ืžืฆื ืฉืœืค"ื– ืืคืฉืจ ื“ื—ืฉื™ื‘ ื›ืžื›ื” ื‘ืคื˜ื™ืฉ".
3 ืžืฉืืœืชืš ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฉื ืžืฉื•ื ื”ื“ืœืงืช ืžื ื•ืจื”, ืฉืื ื›ืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื›ืืŸ ืœืจื•ื‘ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืขืจื” ื›ืžื• ื”ืื—ื™ืขื–ืจ ื—"ื’ ืกื™' ืก. ื•ืืข"ืค ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื‘ื ื‘ืฉื ื”ื’ืจืฉ"ื– ืื•ื™ืจื‘ืš ื‘"ืžื•ืจื™ื”" (ื’ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื™-ื™ื‘ ืขืž' ืขื—) ืฉื”ืชื™ืจ ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื ื“ืœืงืช ื ื•ืจื” ืขื ื—ื•ื˜ ืœื”ื˜, ืขื™"ืฉ.
4 ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืื“ื ืื™ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช, ืืœื ืจืง ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืฆืืช ืžืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ื, ื”ืจื™ ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื™ื "ืคืกื™ืง ืจื™ืฉื™ื” ื“ืœื ื ื™ื—ื ืœื™ื”" (ืฉื‘ืช ื“ืฃ ืงื’ ืข"ื, ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืชื•ืก' ื“"ื” ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื ื”ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืคืก"ืจ ื“ืœื ื ื™ื—ื ืœื™ื” ืžืกื•ื›ื” ืœื’ ืข"ื‘, ืฉืžื•ืชืจ ืื“ื ืœืœืงื˜ ื‘ื™ื•"ื˜ ืขื ื‘ื™-ื”ื“ืก ืžืŸ ื”ื‘ื“ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืื›ื™ืœื”, ืืฃ-ืขืœ-ืคื™ ืฉืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื’ื ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืื•ืชื• ืœืžืฆื•ื”, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืชืงืŸ ืžื ื - ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ื”ื“ืก ื›ืฉืจ ืื—ืจ. ืžืฉืžืข ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ื›ืืฉืจ ืจืง ืœื ืื™ื›ืคืช ืœื• ืฉื”ืžืœืื›ื” ื ืขืฉื™ืช, ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœ"ืœื ื ื™ื—ื ืœื™ื”".
ื•ืœื›ืŸ, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœืจื•ื‘ ื”ื“ืขื•ืช ื‘ืคืก"ืจ ื“ืœื ื ื™ื—ื ืœื™ื” ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ืืœื ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ, ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื• ืœืื“ื ืœืฆืืช ืžืžืงื•ืžื•, ื›ืžื• ืฉื ืจืื” ืžืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืก' ื”ื "ืœ.ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื•"ืช "ื™ื‘ื™ืข ืื•ืžืจ" (ื—"ื‘ ืื•"ื— ืกื™' ื›ื– ืื•ืช ื) ื”ืžื‘ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืฉื“ืขืชื ื›ืš. ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื“ืขืช ืจืž"ื (ืื•"ื— ืกื™' ืฉืœื– ืก"ื‘ ืœืคื™ ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืฉืœ ื”"ืžื’ืŸ ืื‘ืจื”ื" ืฉื ืกืง"ื”) ืฉื ืฉืืจ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ืœื• ืœืฆืืช ืžืฉื•ื ืฆืขืจ ื•ืžืฉื•ื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจื• ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช (ื“ืฃ ืก ืข"ื) "ื“ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฆืขืจื” ืœื ื’ื–ืจื•". ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืชื•ืจื”, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื, ืื ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืคืกื™ืง ืจื™ืฉื™ื” ื“ืœื ื ื™ื—ื ืœื™ื”, ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืืœื ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืžื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ, ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ืชื•ืก' (ืฉื‘ืช ืงื’ ืข"ื ื“"ื” ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื), ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ืžืฉื•ื ืฆืขืจ, ื›ื "ืœ. ื•ืขื•ื“. ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื™ืฉ ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœ ื“ืขืช ื”"ืขืจื•ืš" ื”ืžื•ื‘ื ืฉื ื‘ืชื•ืก', ื“ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืคืกื™ืง ืจื™ืฉื™ื” ื“ืœื ื ื™ื—ื ืœื™ื”, ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื’ืžืจื™. ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืขืœ ืก' "ื™ืœืงื•ื˜ ื™ื•ืกืฃ (ืฉื‘ืช ื—"ื’ ืขืž' ืกื) ื”ืฉื•"ืข ืžืื•ื“ ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ ืืช ื“ืขืช ื”"ืขืจื•ืš" ื‘ืกื™' ืฉื› ืกืขื™ืฃ ื™ื—, ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืžื‘ื•ื ืœืก' "ืฉืžื™ืจืช ืฉื‘ืช ื›ื”ืœื›ืชื”" (ืขืž' ื– ื”ืขืจื” ืžื).
- ื•ืืฃ ืœื“ืขืช ื”ื’ืจ"ืฉ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ืžืฉื•ื ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืžื›ื” ื‘ืคื˜ื™ืฉ, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื›ืฉื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื ืขืฉื™ืช ื‘ืคืกื™ืง ืจื™ืฉื™ื” ื“ืœื ื ื™ื—ื ืœื™ื” ืขืœ-ืคื™ ืกื‘ืจืช "ืžื’ื™ื“ ืžืฉื ื”" (ื”ืœ' ืฉื‘ืช ืค"ื™ ื”ื™"ื–) ื“ืขื™ืงืจ ืžืœืื›ืช ืžื›ื” ื‘ืคื˜ื™ืฉ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื’ืžืจ ื”ืžืœืื›ื”, ื•ื›ืฉื—ืกื™ืจื” ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื›ื–ืืช (ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœื ื• ืฉื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืคืกื™ืง ืจื™ืฉื™ื”), ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ืžืœืื›ื” ื›ืœืœ, ื•ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื’ืžืจื™.
5 ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื“ืจืš ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืืœื” ื”ื•ื ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ื“ืจืš ื”ืœื™ื›ืชื• (ืกืคืจ "ืชื•ืจืช ื”ื™ื•ืœื“ืช" ืขืž' ืงืก).


ื‘ืฉื ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื™ื‘ื™ื ื•ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”,

ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ืืจื ืจื™ื™ืš ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื›ืจืžืœ
ืจืืฉื™ ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ
ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืžื™ื™ืขืฆืช:
ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื ื—ืžื™ื” ื’ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจื’
ื”ืจื‘ ื ื—ื•ื ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ืฅ
ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืจื•ื–ืŸ
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il