ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ื”ืœื›ื” ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื•ืžื•ืกืจ
  • ืกืคืจ ืื”ื‘ื”
  • ืกื“ืจ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
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10 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”






[ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”]



ื˜ื– ื ึนืกึทื— ื‘ึผึดืจึฐื›ื•ึนืช ื”ึทืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธื” ื•ึฐืกึดื“ึผื•ึผืจึธืŸ:


ืื‘ื•ืช


ื) ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ืึทืชึผึธื” ื™ื™, ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื•ึตืืœึนื”ึตื™ ืึฒื‘ื•ึนืชึตื™ื ื•ึผ, ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ ืึทื‘ึฐืจึธื”ึธื ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ ื™ึดืฆึฐื—ึธืง ื•ึตืืœึนื”ึตื™ ื™ึทืขึฒืงึนื‘, ื”ึธืึตืœ ื”ึทื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ ื”ึทื’ึผึดื‘ึผื•ึนืจ ื•ึฐื”ึทื ึผื•ึนืจึธื, ืึตืœ ืขึถืœึฐื™ื•ึนืŸ, ื’ึผื•ึนืžึตืœ ื—ึฒืกึธื“ึดื™ื ื˜ื•ึนื‘ึดื™ื ื•ึฐืงื•ึนื ึตื” ื”ึทื›ึผึนืœ, ื•ึฐื–ื•ึนื›ึตืจ ื—ึทืกึฐื“ึตื™ ืึธื‘ื•ึนืช, ื•ึผืžึตื‘ึดื™ื ื’ื•ึนืึตืœ ืœึดื‘ึฐื ึตื™ ื‘ึฐื ึตื™ื”ึถื. ืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ืจึทื—ึฒืžึธืŸ ืžื•ึนืฉืึดื™ืขึท ื•ึผืžึธื’ึตืŸ. ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ืึทืชึผึธื” ื™ื™, ืžึธื’ึตืŸ ืึทื‘ึฐืจึธื”ึธื.

ื˜ื– ื] ื”ึทื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ - ืฉืื™ืŸ ื ืžืฆื ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœื• (ืกืคื•ืจื ื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™,ื™ื–). ื”ึทื’ึผึดื‘ึผื•ึนืจ - ื‘ืžืขืฉื™ื•. ื•ึฐื”ึทื ึผื•ึนืจึธื - ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ืจืื™ื ืžืžื ื•. ืงื•ึนื ึตื” ื”ึทื›ึผึนืœ - ืจืื” ืœืขื™ืœ ื—: 'ืžืœืื” ื”ืืจืฅ ืงื ื™ื™ื ื™ืš'. ื•ึผืžึตื‘ึดื™ื ื’ื•ึนืึตืœ - ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื—ืกื“ื™ ืื‘ื•ืช ืขืชื™ื“ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื’ื•ืืœ.

ื’ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช


ื‘) ืึทืชึผึธื” ื’ึผึดื‘ึผื•ึนืจ ืœึฐืขื•ึนืœึธื ื™ื™, ืžึฐื—ึทื™ึผึถื” ืžึตืชึดื™ื ืึทืชึผึธื”, ืจึทื‘ ืœึฐื”ื•ึนืฉืึดื™ืขึท, ืžึทืฉึผืึดื™ื‘ ื”ึธืจื•ึผื—ึท ื•ึผืžื•ึนืจึดื™ื“ ื”ึทื’ึผึถืฉืึถื, ืžึฐื›ึทืœึฐื›ึผึตืœ ื—ึทื™ึผึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐื—ึถืกึถื“, ืžึฐื—ึทื™ึผึถื” ืžึตืชึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐืจึทื—ึฒืžึดื™ื ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ื, ืจื•ึนืคึตื ื—ื•ึนืœึดื™ื ื•ึฐืกื•ึนืžึตืšึฐ ื ื•ึนืคึฐืœึดื™ื ื•ึผืžึทืชึผึดื™ืจ ืึฒืกื•ึผืจึดื™ื ื•ึผืžึฐืงึทื™ึผึตื ืึฑืžื•ึผื ึธืชื•ึน ืœึดื™ืฉืึตื ึตื™ ืขึธืคึธืจ. ืžึดื™ ื›ึธืžึนื›ึธื” ื‘ึผึทืขึทืœ ื’ึผึฐื‘ื•ึผืจื•ึนืช ื•ึผืžึดื™ ื“ื•ึนืžึถื” ืœึธืšึฐ ืžึตืžึดื™ืช ื•ึผืžึฐื—ึทื™ึผึถื”, ื•ึฐื ึถืึฑืžึธืŸ ืึทืชึผึธื” ืœึฐื”ึทื—ึฒื™ื•ึนืช ืžึตืชึดื™ื. ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ืึทืชึผึธื” ื™ื™, ืžึฐื—ึทื™ึผึถื” ื”ึทืžึผึตืชึดื™ื.

ื‘] ืžึฐื›ึทืœึฐื›ึผึตืœ ื—ึทื™ึผึดื™ื - ืžืคืจื ืก ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื•ืื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื™ื. ื•ึผืžึฐืงึทื™ึผึตื ืึฑืžื•ึผื ึธืชื•ึน - ื ืืžืŸ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืชื• ืœืžืชื™ื ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื "ื™ืฉื ื™ ืขืคืจ", ืฉื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืœื”ื—ื™ื•ืชื (ืฉื).

ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”'


ื’) ืึทืชึผึธื” ืงึธื“ื•ึนืฉื ื•ึฐืฉืึดืžึฐืšึธ ืงึธื“ื•ึนืฉื, ื•ึผืงึฐื“ื•ึนืฉืึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ื™ื•ึนื ื™ึฐื”ึทืœึฐืœื•ึผืšึธ ืกึถืœึธื”. ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ืึทืชึผึธื” ื™ื™, ื”ึธืึตืœ ื”ึทืงึผึธื“ื•ึนืฉื.

ื’] ืงึฐื“ื•ึนืฉืึดื™ื - ื›ื™ื ื•ื™ ืœืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื•ืœืžืœืื›ื™ื (ืจืื” ืœืขื™ืœ ื–; ื—: 'ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื').

ืืชื” ื—ื•ื ืŸ


ื“) ืึทืชึผึธื” ื—ื•ึนื ึตืŸ ืœึฐืึธื“ึธื ื“ึผึทืขึทืช, ื•ึผืžึฐืœึทืžึผึตื“ ืœึถืึฑื ื•ึนืฉื ื‘ึผึดื™ื ึธื”. ื—ึธื ึผึตื ื•ึผ ืžึตืึดืชึผึฐืšึธ ื“ึผึตืขึธื” ื•ึผื‘ึดื™ื ึธื” ื•ึฐื”ึทืฉื‚ึฐื›ึผึตืœ. ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ืึทืชึผึธื” ื™ื™, ื—ื•ึนื ึตืŸ ื”ึทื“ึผึธืขึทืช.

ื“] ื”ื ื•ืกื— ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื ื ื•: 'ื”ื‘ื™ื ื ื• ื™ื™ ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ืœื“ืขืช ื“ืจื›ื™ืš' (ืชืคื™ืœื” ื‘,ื’). ื ื•ืชืŸ ื‘ื˜ื•ื‘ืš ื•ืœื ืžืชื•ืš ื—ื•ื‘ื” (ืžื•"ื  ื,ื ื“). ื“ึผึตืขึธื” ื•ึผื‘ึดื™ื ึธื” ื•ึฐื”ึทืฉื‚ึฐื›ึผึตืœ - "ืœื“ืขืช ื“ืจื›ื™ืš" (ืชืคื™ืœื” ื‘,ื’).

ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”


ื”) ื”ึฒืฉืึดื™ื‘ึตื ื•ึผ ืึธื‘ึดื™ื ื•ึผ ืœึฐืชื•ึนืจึธืชึถืšึธ, ื•ึฐืงึธืจึฐื‘ึตื ื•ึผ ืžึทืœึฐื›ึผึตื ื•ึผ ืœึทืขึฒื‘ื•ึนื“ึธืชึถืšึธ, ื•ึฐื”ึทื—ึฒื–ึดื™ืจึตื ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึดืชึฐืฉืื•ึผื‘ึธื” ืฉืึฐืœึตืžึธื” ืœึฐืคึธื ึถื™ืšึธ. ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ืึทืชึผึธื” ื™ื™, ื”ึธืจื•ึนืฆึถื” ื‘ึผึทืชึผึฐืฉืื•ึผื‘ึธื”.

ื”] ืœึฐืชื•ึนืจึธืชึถืšึธ - ืœื“ืจืš ื”ืชื•ืจื” (ืจืื” ื ื—ืžื™ื” ื˜,ื›ื˜; ืžืขื™ืœื” ื—,ื—).

ืกืœื™ื—ื”


ื•) ืกึฐืœึทื— ืœึธื ื•ึผ ืึธื‘ึดื™ื ื•ึผ ื›ึผึดื™ ื—ึธื˜ึธืื ื•ึผ, ื•ึผืžึฐื—ึนืœ ืœึธื ื•ึผ ืžึทืœึฐื›ึผึตื ื•ึผ ื›ึผึดื™ ืคึธืฉืึทืขึฐื ื•ึผ, ื›ึผึดื™ ืึตืœ ื˜ื•ึนื‘ ื•ึฐืกึทืœึผึธื— ืึธืชึผึธื”. ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ืึทืชึผึธื” ื™ื™, ื—ึทื ึผื•ึผืŸ ื•ึผืžึทืจึฐื‘ึผึถื” ืœึดืกึฐืœึนื—ึท.

ื•] ื›ึผึดื™ ื—ึธื˜ึธืื ื•ึผ - ืขืœ ืืฉืจ ื—ื˜ืื ื•.

ื’ืื•ืœื”


ื–) ืจึฐืึตื” ื‘ึฐืขึธื ึฐื™ึตื ื•ึผ ื•ึฐืจึดื™ื‘ึธื” ืจึดื™ื‘ึตื ื•ึผ ื•ึผืžึทื”ึตืจ ืœึฐื’ึธืึณืœึตื ื•ึผ, ื›ึผึดื™ ืึตืœ ืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ื’ึผื•ึนืึตืœ ื—ึธื–ึธืง ืึธืชึผึธื”. ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ืึทืชึผึธื” ื™ื™, ื’ึผื•ึนืึตืœ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ.

ื–] ื•ึฐืจึดื™ื‘ึธื” ืจึดื™ื‘ึตื ื•ึผ - ื“ื•ืŸ ืืช ื“ื™ื ื ื• ืœื”ื•ืฉื™ืขื ื•.

ืจืคื•ืื”


ื—) ืจึฐืคึธืึตื ื•ึผ ื™ื™ ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื•ึฐื ึตืจึธืคึตื, ื”ื•ึนืฉืึดื™ืขึตื ื•ึผ ื•ึฐื ึดื•ึผึธืฉืึตืขึธื”, ื•ึฐื”ึทืขึฒืœึตื” ืจึฐืคื•ึผืึธื” ืฉืึฐืœึตืžึธื” ืœึฐื›ึธืœ ืชึผึทื—ึฒืœื•ึผืึตื™ื ื•ึผ, ื›ึผึดื™ ืึตืœ ืจื•ึนืคึตื ืจึทื—ึฒืžึธืŸ ืึธืชึผึธื”. ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ืึทืชึผึธื” ื™ื™, ืจื•ึนืคึตื ื—ื•ึนืœึตื™ ืขึทืžึผื•ึน ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ.


ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื


ื˜) ื‘ึผึธืจึฐื›ึตื ื•ึผ ื™ื™ ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ืžึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึตื” ื™ึธื“ึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื•ึผื‘ึธืจึตืšึฐ ืึถืช ืฉืึฐื ึธืชึตื ื•ึผ, ื•ึฐืชึตืŸ ื˜ึทืœ ื•ึผืžึธื˜ึธืจ ืขึทืœ ืคึผึฐื ึตื™ ื”ึธืึฒื“ึธืžึธื”, ื•ึฐืฉื‚ึทื‘ึผึทืข ืึถืช ื”ึธืขื•ึนืœึธื ื›ึผึปืœึผื•ึน ืžึดื˜ึผื•ึผื‘ึธืšึฐ, ื•ึฐืจึทื•ึผึตื” ืคึผึฐื ึตื™ ืชึตื‘ึตืœ ืžึตืขึนืฉืึถืจ ืžึทืชึผึฐื ื•ึนืช ื™ึธื“ึถื™ืšึธ, ื•ึฐืฉืึธืžึฐืจึธื” ื•ึฐื”ึทืฆึผึดื™ืœึธื” ื™ื™ ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ื ื•ึผ ืึถืช ื”ึทืฉึผืึธื ึธื” ื”ึทื–ึผึนืืช ื•ึฐืึถืช ื›ึผึธืœ ืžึดื™ื ึตื™ ืชึผึฐื‘ื•ึผืึธืชึธื”ึผ ืžึดื›ึผึธืœ ืžึดื™ื ึตื™ ืžึทืฉืึฐื—ึดื™ืช ื•ึผืžึดื›ึผึธืœ ืžึดื™ื ึตื™ ืคึผึปืจึฐืขึธื ื•ึผืช, ื•ึฐืชึถืŸ ืœึธื”ึผ ืึทื—ึฒืจึดื™ืช ื•ึฐืชึดืงึฐื•ึธื”, ืฉื‚ึนื‘ึทืข ื•ึฐืฉืึธืœื•ึนื ื•ึผื‘ึฐืจึธื›ึธื” ื›ึผึทืฉึผืึธื ึดื™ื ื”ึทื˜ึผื•ึนื‘ื•ึนืช. ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ืึทืชึผึธื” ื™ื™, ืžึฐื‘ึธืจึตืšึฐ ื”ึทืฉึผืึธื ึดื™ื.

ื˜] ื”ื ื•ืกื— ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื ื ื•: "ื•ื“ืฉื ื ื• ื•ืฉื›ื ื ื• ื‘ื ืื•ืช ืืจืฆืš [=ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ]" (ืชืคื™ืœื” ื‘,ื’). ืžึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึตื” ื™ึธื“ึตื™ื ื•ึผ - ืขืกืงื™ ื”ืคืจื ืกื”, ื›ืžื• ืฉื ืืžืจ: "ื›ื™ ื™ื‘ืจื›ืš ื”' ืืœื”ื™ืš ื‘ื›ืœ ืชื‘ื•ืืชืš ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืขืฉื” ื™ื“ื™ืš" (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื˜ื–,ื˜ื•; ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•,ื’). ืึทื—ึฒืจึดื™ืช ื•ึฐืชึดืงึฐื•ึธื” - ืื—ืจื™ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื”, ื›ืžื• ืฉืื ื• ืžืงื•ื•ื™ื (ืจื“"ืง ื™ืจืžื™ื” ื›ื˜,ื™ื).

ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื’ืœื•ื™ื•ืช


ื™) ืชึผึฐืงึทืข ื‘ึผึฐืฉืื•ึนืคึธืจ ื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ ืœึฐื—ึตืจื•ึผืชึตื ื•ึผ, ื•ึฐืฉื‚ึธื ื ึตืก ืœึฐืงึทื‘ึผึตืฅ ืึถืช ื›ึผึธืœ ื’ึผึธืœึดื™ื•ึนืชึตื™ื ื•ึผ ืžึตืึทืจึฐื‘ึผึทืข ื›ึผึทื ึฐืคื•ึนืช ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืœึฐืึทืจึฐืฆึตื ื•ึผ. ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ืึทืชึผึธื” ื™ื™, ืžึฐืงึทื‘ึผึตืฅ ื ึดื“ึฐื—ึตื™ ืขึทืžึผื•ึน ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ.

ื™] ืชึผึฐืงึทืข ื‘ึผึฐืฉืื•ึนืคึธืจ... ื•ึฐืฉื‚ึธื ื ึตืก - ื‘ืงืฉื” ืžื”' ืœืงื‘ืฅ ืืช ื ื“ื—ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื”ื‘ืงืฉื” ืžื ื•ืกื—ืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžืฉืœ, ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืงื“ื ืœืงื‘ืฅ ืืช ื”ืขื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืชืงื™ืขื” ื‘ืฉื•ืคืจ ื•ื”ื ืคืช ื“ื’ืœ ื’ื‘ื•ื”. ื›ึผึทื ึฐืคื•ึนืช ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ - ืจื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื ึดื“ึฐื—ึตื™ - ื”ื’ืœื•ื™ื•ืช (ืข"ืค ืช"ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœ,ื“).

ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜


ื™ื) ื”ึธืฉืึดื™ื‘ึธื” ืฉืื•ึนืคึฐื˜ึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื›ึผึฐื‘ึธืจึดืืฉืื•ึนื ึธื” ื•ึฐื™ื•ึนืขึฒืฆึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื›ึผึฐื‘ึทืชึผึฐื—ึดืœึผึธื”, ื•ึฐื”ึธืกึตืจ ืžึดืžึผึถื ึผื•ึผ ื™ึธื’ื•ึนืŸ ื•ึทืึฒื ึธื—ึธื”, ื•ึผืžึฐืœึนืšึฐ ืขึธืœึตื™ื ื•ึผ ืึทืชึผึธื” ืœึฐื‘ึทื“ึผึฐืšึธ ื‘ึผึฐืจึทื—ึฒืžึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐืฆึถื“ึถืง ื•ึผื‘ึฐืžึดืฉืึฐืคึผึธื˜. ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ืึทืชึผึธื” ื™ื™, ืื•ึนื”ึตื‘* ืฆึฐื“ึธืงึธื” ื•ึผืžึดืฉืึฐืคึผึธื˜.

ื™ื] ื•ึฐื™ื•ึนืขึฒืฆึตื™ื ื•ึผ - (ืข"ืค ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ื,ื›ื•), ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื• (ืจืก"ื’). ื•ึฐื”ึธืกึตืจ ืžึดืžึผึถื ึผื•ึผ ื™ึธื’ื•ึนืŸ ื•ึทืึฒื ึธื—ึธื” - ื›ืฉื™ืฉืคื˜ื• ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ ืฆื“ืง ืืช ื”ืจืฉืขื™ื, ื™ืกื•ืจื• ืžืืชื ื• ื”ื™ื’ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืื ื—ื” (ืจืื” ืžืฉืœื™ ื›ื˜,ื‘; ื‘ื‘ืœื™ ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื™ื–,ื‘; ืชืคื™ืœื” ื‘,ื’). ื‘ึผึฐืฆึถื“ึถืง - ืœืชืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืœื›ืœ ื ื‘ืจื ื›ืคื™ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืœื• (ืžื•"ื  ื’,ื ื’). ืžึดืฉืึฐืคึผึธื˜ - ื”ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ืขื ื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ื›ืคื™ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจืขื” (ืฉื). ืฆึฐื“ึธืงึธื” - ื›ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช 'ืฆื“ืง' (ืฉื). ืื•ึนื”ึตื‘* ืฆึฐื“ึธืงึธื” ื•ึผืžึดืฉืึฐืคึผึธื˜ - ื‘ื›"ื™ ื' ื”ื™ื” ื›ืชื•ื‘ "ืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ืื•ึนื”ึตื‘ ืฆึฐื“ึธืงึธื” ื•ึผืžึดืฉืึฐืคึผึธื˜" ืชื—ื™ืœื”, ื•ื ืžื—ืงื” ืžื™ืœืช "ืžืœืš", ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืขื™ื“ ืจ"ื™ ื”ื ื’ื™ื“, ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื• ื˜ื•ืคืก ืžืฉื ื” ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื (ืฉื•"ืช ืจ"ื™ ื”ื ื’ื™ื“, ืกื™ืžืŸ ื–. ื•ืจืื” ืชืคื™ืœื” ื‘,ื™ื— ืฉื”ื ื•ืกื— ื”ื•ื ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืช "ืžืœืš". ืืš ืฉื ื™,ื™ื’ ื‘ื›ืœ ื›ืชื”"ื™ ืœื ื ื–ื›ืจ "ืžืœืš" ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ืงืคื‘ ื ืืžืจ ืฉื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื•ืžืจ ืžื™ืœืช "ืžืœืš" ืจืง ื‘ืขืฉืจืช ื™ืžื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”. ืจืื” ืฉื•"ืช ืจ"ื™ ืžื™ื’ืืฉ ืงืคื‘).

ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื


ื™ื‘) ืœึทืžึฐืฉืึปืžึผึธื“ึดื™ื ืึทืœ ืชึผึฐื”ึดื™ ืชึผึดืงึฐื•ึธื”, ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทืžึผึดื™ื ึดื™ื ื›ึผึฐืจึถื’ึทืข ื™ึนืื‘ึตื“ื•ึผ, ื•ึผืžึทืœึฐื›ื•ึผืช ื–ึธื“ื•ึนืŸ ืชึผึทืขึฒืงึนืจ ื•ึฐืชึดืฉืึฐื‘ึผึนืจ ืžึฐื”ึตืจึธื” ื‘ึผึฐื™ึธืžึตื™ื ื•ึผ. ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ืึทืชึผึธื” ื™ื™, ืฉืื•ึนื‘ึตืจ ืื•ึนื™ึฐื‘ึดื™ื ื•ึผืžึทื›ึฐื ึดื™ืขึท ื–ึตื“ึดื™ื.

ื™ื‘] ืžึฐืฉืึปืžึผึธื“ึดื™ื - ืžื•ืฉื’ ื–ื” ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ืŸ ืืช ืžื™ ืฉื ืฉืชืžื“ ืœืขื‘ืจื” ืื—ืช, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืžื™ ืฉื”ื•ืจื’ืœ ื•ื ืชืคืจืกื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืงื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืœื”ื›ืขื™ืก, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืขืœ ืขื‘ืจื” ืื—ืช ืงืœื”; ื”ืŸ ืืช ืžื™ ืฉื ืฉืชืžื“ ืžื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉืขื‘ืจ ืœื“ืชื™ ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื (ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ืฉืžื“) ื•ื”ืชืจื—ืง ืžืขืžื• ืžืชื•ืš ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื›ื’ื•ื™ (ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื’,ื˜). ื”ึทืžึผึดื™ื ึดื™ื - ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืฉื ืžืฉื›ื• ื‘ื“ืขืชื ืžืชื•ืš ืกื›ืœื•ืชื ื•ืชืื•ื•ืชื ืœื›ืคื•ืจ ื‘ืื—ื“ ืžืขื™ืงืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ื‘ื•ืจื ืื• ื‘ื ื‘ื•ืื” ืื• ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ ืคื” ืื• ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ื›ืชื‘, ืฉืกื•ืคื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื•ืืฃ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” (ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ื‘,ื ื”; ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื’,ื–; ืจื•ืฆื— ื“,ื™; ืžืžืจื™ื ื’,ื-ื’; ืคื”"ืž ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ื,ื‘). ื›ึผึฐืจึถื’ึทืข ื™ึนืื‘ึตื“ื•ึผ - ืžื”ืจื” ื™ืื‘ื“ื• (ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื,ื–). ืื•ึนื™ึฐื‘ึดื™ื - ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ ื”' ื•ืขืžื•, ื”"ืžืฆื™ืจื™ืŸ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืžืกื™ืจื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืขื ืœืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื—ืจื™ ื”'" (ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ื™,ื; ืชืคื™ืœื” ื‘,ื). ื–ึตื“ึดื™ื - ืจืฉืขื™ื, ื•ื”ื•ื ื’ื ื›ื™ื ื•ื™ ืœืžื™ื ื™ื (ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ื,ื™ื“; ืžืขื™ืœื” ื—,ื—).

ื”ืžื‘ื˜ื— ืœืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื


ื™ื’) ืขึทืœ ื”ึทืฆึผึทื“ึผึดื™ืงึดื™ื ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ื”ึทื—ึฒืกึดื™ื“ึดื™ื ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ื’ึผึตืจึตื™ ื”ึทืฆึผึถื“ึถืง ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ืฉืึฐืึตืจึดื™ืช ืขึทืžึผึฐืšึธ ื‘ึผึตื™ืช ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื™ึถื”ึฑืžื•ึผ ืจึทื—ึฒืžึถื™ืšึธ ื™ื™ ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ื ื•ึผ, ื•ึฐืชึตืŸ ืฉื‚ึธื›ึธืจ ื˜ื•ึนื‘ ืœึฐื›ึธืœ ื”ึทื‘ึผื•ึนื˜ึฐื—ึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐืฉืึดืžึฐืšึธ ื‘ึผึถืึฑืžึถืช ื•ึฐืฉื‚ึดื™ื ื—ึถืœึฐืงึตื ื•ึผ ืขึดืžึผึธื”ึถื, ืœึฐืขื•ึนืœึธื ืœึนื ื ึตื‘ื•ึนืฉื, ื›ึผึดื™ ื‘ึฐืฉืึดืžึฐืšึธ ื‘ึผึธื˜ึทื—ึฐื ื•ึผ ื•ึฐืœึดื™ืฉืื•ึผืขึธืชึฐืšึธ ื ึดืฉืึฐืขึทื ึผื•ึผ. ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ืึทืชึผึธื” ื™ื™, ืžึดืฉืึฐืขึธืŸ ื•ึผืžึดื‘ึฐื˜ึธื— ืœึทืฆึผึทื“ึผึดื™ืงึดื™ื.

ื™ื’] ืฉื‚ึธื›ึธืจ ื˜ื•ึนื‘ - ืฉื™ื–ื›ื• ืœืจืื•ืช "ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืขื™ืจืš [=ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื] ื•ื‘ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื›ืœืš [=ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ]" (ืชืคื™ืœื” ื‘,ื’).

ื‘ื•ื ื” ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื


ื™ื“) ืชึผึดืฉืึฐื›ึผึนืŸ ื‘ึผึฐืชื•ึนืšึฐ ื™ึฐืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึทื™ึดื ืขึดื™ืจึธืšึฐ ื›ึผึทืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื“ึผึดื‘ึผึทืจึฐืชึผึธ, ื•ึผื‘ึฐื ึตื” ืื•ึนืชึธื”ึผ ื‘ึผึดื ึฐื™ึทืŸ ืขื•ึนืœึธื ื‘ึผึดืžึฐื”ึตืจึธื” ื‘ึผึฐื™ึธืžึตื™ื ื•ึผ. ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ืึทืชึผึธื” ื™ื™, ื‘ึผื•ึนื ึตื” ื™ึฐืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึทื™ึดื.


ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื“ื•ื“


ื˜ื•) ืึถืช ืฆึถืžึทื— ื“ึผึธื•ึดื“ ืžึฐื”ึตืจึธื” ืชึทืฆึฐืžึดื™ื—ึท, ื•ึฐืงึทืจึฐื ื•ึน ืชึผึธืจื•ึผื ื‘ึผึดื™ืฉืื•ึผืขึธืชึถืšึธ. ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ืึทืชึผึธื” ื™ื™, ืžึทืฆึฐืžึดื™ื—ึท ืงึถืจึถืŸ ื™ึฐืฉืื•ึผืขึธื”.

ื˜ื•] ืฆึถืžึทื— ื“ึผึธื•ึดื“ - ื›ื™ื ื•ื™ ืœืžืœืš ื”ืžืฉื™ื— (ืข"ืค ืช"ื™ ื™ืจืžื™ื” ื›ื’,ื” ื•ืขื•ื“). ื•ึฐืงึทืจึฐื ื•ึน ืชึผึธืจื•ึผื - ืจืื” ืœืขื™ืœ ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื‘: 'ืงืจื ื ื•'.

ืฉื•ืžืข ืชืคื™ืœื”


ื™ื•*) ืฉืึฐืžึทืข ืงื•ึนืœึตื ื•ึผ ื™ื™ ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื•ึฐื—ื•ึผืก ื•ึฐืจึทื—ึตื ืขึธืœึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื•ึฐืงึทื‘ึผึตืœ ื‘ึผึฐืจึทื—ึฒืžึดื™ื ื•ึฐืจึธืฆื•ึนืŸ ืึถืช ืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธืชึตื ื•ึผ. ืžึดืœึผึฐืคึธื ึถื™ืšึธ ืžึทืœึฐื›ึผึตื ื•ึผ ืจึตื™ืงึธื ืึทืœ ืชึผึฐืฉืึดื™ื‘ึตื ื•ึผ, ื›ึผึดื™ ืึทืชึผึธื” ืฉืื•ึนืžึตืขึท ืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึทืช ื›ึผึธืœ ืคึผึถื”. ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ืึทืชึผึธื” ื™ื™, ืฉืื•ึนืžึตืขึท ืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธื”.

ื™ื•*] - ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื›ืชื‘ื™ ื”ื™ื“. ืฉืึฐืžึทืข - ืงื‘ืœ ื‘ืจืฆื•ืŸ (ืžื•"ื  ื,ืžื”).

ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”


ื™ื–) ืจึฐืฆึตื” ื™ื™ ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐืขึทืžึผึฐืšึธ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื•ึฐืœึดืชึฐืคึดืœึผึธืชึธื ืฉืึฐืขึตื”, ื•ึฐื”ึธืฉืึตื‘ ื”ึธืขึฒื‘ื•ึนื“ึธื” ืœึดื“ึฐื‘ึดื™ืจ ื‘ึผึตื™ืชึถืšึธ, ื•ึฐืึดืฉึผืึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื•ึผืชึฐืคึดืœึผึธืชึธื ืžึฐื”ึตืจึธื” ื‘ึผึฐืึทื”ึฒื‘ึธื” ืชึผึฐืงึทื‘ึผึตืœ ื‘ึผึฐืจึธืฆื•ึนืŸ, ื•ึผืชึฐื”ึดื™ ืœึฐืจึธืฆื•ึนืŸ ืชึผึธืžึดื™ื“ ืขึฒื‘ื•ึนื“ึทืช ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืขึทืžึผึธืšึฐ. ื•ึฐืชึดืจึฐืฆึตื ื•ึผ, ื•ึฐืชึถื—ึฑื–ึถื™ื ึธื” ืขึตื™ื ึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐืฉืื•ึผื‘ึฐืšึธ ืœึฐื ึธื•ึฐืšึธ ืœึฐืฆึดื™ึผื•ึนืŸ ื‘ึผึฐืจึทื—ึฒืžึดื™ื ื›ึผึฐืžึตืึธื–. ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ืึทืชึผึธื” ื™ื™, ื”ึทืžึผึทื—ึฒื–ึดื™ืจ ืฉืึฐื›ึดื™ื ึธืชื•ึน ืœึฐืฆึดื™ึผื•ึนืŸ.

ื™ื–] ื”ึธืขึฒื‘ื•ึนื“ึธื” - ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ืคืจื˜ ื•ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœืœ. ืœึดื“ึฐื‘ึดื™ืจ ื‘ึผึตื™ืชึถืšึธ - ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ. ืึดืฉึผืึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ - ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื ืฉืจืคื™ื ื‘ืืฉ ืขืœ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— (ืข"ืค ืช"ื ืฉืžื•ืช ื›ื˜,ื™ื—). ืœึฐื ึธื•ึฐืšึธ - ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ (ืช"ื™, ืžืœื›ื™ื ื ื˜ื•,ื›ื”). ืœึฐืฆึดื™ึผื•ึนืŸ - ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื.

ื”ื•ื“ื™ื”


ื™ื—) ืžื•ึนื“ึดื™ื ืึฒื ึทื—ึฐื ื•ึผ ืœึธืšึฐ ืฉืึถืึทืชึผึธื” ื”ื•ึผื ื™ื™ ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ื ื•ึผ ืฆื•ึผืจ ื—ึทื™ึผึตื™ื ื•ึผ ืžึธื’ึตืŸ ื™ึดืฉืึฐืขึตื ื•ึผ ืึทืชึผึธื” ื”ื•ึผื ืœึฐื“ื•ึนืจ ื•ึธื“ื•ึนืจ ื ื•ึนื“ึถื” ืœึธืšึฐ ื•ึผื ึฐืกึทืคึผึตืจ ืชึผึฐื”ึดืœึผึธืชึธืšึฐ ืขึทืœ ื—ึทื™ึผึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื”ึทืžึฐืกื•ึผืจึดื™ืŸ ื‘ึผึฐื™ึธื“ึถื™ืšึธ, ืขึทืœ ื ึดืฉืึฐืžื•ึนืชึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื”ึทืคึผึฐืงื•ึผื“ื•ึนืช ืœึธืšึฐ, ืขึทืœ ื ึดืกึผึถื™ืšึธ ื•ึฐื ึดืคึฐืœึฐืื•ึนืชึถื™ืšึธ ืฉืึถื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ืขึตืช ื•ึธืขึตืช, ืขึถืจึถื‘ ื•ึธื‘ึนืงึถืจ ื•ึฐืฆึธื”ึณืจึธื™ึดื. ื”ึทื˜ึผื•ึนื‘ ื›ึผึดื™ ืœึนื ื›ึธืœื•ึผ ืจึทื—ึฒืžึถื™ืšึธ, ื”ึทืžึฐืจึทื—ึตื ื›ึผึดื™ ืœึนื ืชึผึทืžึผื•ึผ ื—ึฒืกึธื“ึถื™ืšึธ, ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทื—ึทื™ึผึดื™ื ื™ึฐื”ึทืœึฐืœื•ึผ ืึถืช ืฉืึฐืžึธืšึฐ ื”ึทื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ ื›ึผึดื™ ื˜ื•ึนื‘ ื”ึธืึตืœ ื”ึทื˜ึผื•ึนื‘. ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ืึทืชึผึธื” ื™ื™, ื”ึทื˜ึผื•ึนื‘ ืฉืึดืžึฐืšึธ ื•ึผืœึฐืšึธ ื ึธืึถื” ืœึฐื”ื•ึนื“ื•ึนืช.

ื™ื—] ืฆื•ึผืจ ื—ึทื™ึผึตื™ื ื•ึผ - ืžืงื•ืจ ื•ืกื™ื‘ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื• (ืข"ืค ืžื•"ื  ื,ื˜ื–).

ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื•ื


ื™ื˜) ืฉื‚ึดื™ื ืฉืึธืœื•ึนื ื˜ื•ึนื‘ึธื” ื•ึผื‘ึฐืจึธื›ึธื”, ื—ึตืŸ ื•ึธื—ึถืกึถื“ ื•ึฐืจึทื—ึฒืžึดื™ื ืขึธืœึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืขึทืžึผึถืšึธ, ื•ึผื‘ึธืจึฐื›ึตื ื•ึผ ื›ึผึปืœึผึธื ื•ึผ ืžึดืžึผึฐืื•ึนืจ ืคึผึธื ึถื™ืšึธ, ื›ึผึดื™ ืžึดืžึผึฐืื•ึนืจ ืคึผึธื ึถื™ืšึธ ื ึธืชึทืชึผึธ ืœึผึธื ื•ึผ ื™ื™ ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ื ื•ึผ ืชึผื•ึนืจึธื” ื•ึฐื—ึทื™ึผึดื™ื, ืึทื”ึฒื‘ึธื” ื•ึธื—ึถืกึถื“, ืฆึฐื“ึธืงึธื” ื•ึฐืฉืึธืœื•ึนื. ื•ึฐื˜ื•ึนื‘ ื‘ึผึฐืขึตื™ื ึถื™ืšึธ ืœึฐื‘ึธืจึตืšึฐ ืึถืช ืขึทืžึผึฐืšึธ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ืขึตืช ื‘ึผึทืฉึผืึธืœื•ึนื. ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ืึทืชึผึธื” ื™ื™, ื”ึทืžึฐื‘ึธืจึตืšึฐ ืึถืช ืขึทืžึผื•ึน ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื‘ึผึทืฉึผืึธืœื•ึนื.

ื™ื˜] ืฉืึธืœื•ึนื - ืฉืœื•ื•ื”, ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืฉืงื˜ ืžืŸ ื”ืฆืจื•ืช. ืžึดืžึผึฐืื•ึนืจ ืคึผึธื ึถื™ืšึธ - ืžื”ื ื”ื’ืชืš ื•ื”ืฉื’ื—ืชืš (ืข"ืค ืžื•"ื  ื,ืœื–; ื”ืžืื™ืจื™ ืชื”ืœื™ื ืคื˜,ื˜ื–).

ื™ื– ื‘ึผึดื™ืžื•ึนืช ื”ึทื—ึทืžึผึธื” ืื•ึนืžึตืจ ื‘ึผึดื‘ึฐืจึธื›ึธื” ืฉืึฐื ึดื™ึผึธื”: ืจึทื‘ ืœึฐื”ื•ึนืฉืึดื™ืขึท, ืžื•ึนืจึดื™ื“ ื”ึทื˜ึผึทืœ, ืžึฐื›ึทืœึฐื›ึผึตืœ ื—ึทื™ึผึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐื—ึถืกึถื“...


ื•ึผืžึฐื‘ึธืจึตืšึฐ ื‘ึผึฐืจึธื›ึธื” ืชึผึฐืฉืึดื™ืขึดื™ืช ื‘ึผึทื ึผึนืกึทื— ื”ึทื–ึผึถื”: ื‘ึผึธืจึฐื›ึตื ื•ึผ ื™ื™ ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ืžึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึตื” ื™ึธื“ึตื™ื ื•ึผ, ื•ึผื‘ึธืจึตืšึฐ ืึถืช ืฉืึฐื ึธืชึตื ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐื˜ึทืœึฐืœึตื™ ืจึธืฆื•ึนืŸ ื‘ึผึฐืจึธื›ึธื” ื•ึผื ึฐื“ึธื‘ึธื” ื›ึผึทืฉึผืึธื ึดื™ื ื”ึทื˜ึผื•ึนื‘ื•ึนืช. ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ืึทืชึผึธื” ื™ื™, ืžึฐื‘ึธืจึตืšึฐ ื”ึทืฉึผืึธื ึดื™ื.


ื™ื— ื‘ึผึฐืœึตื™ืœึตื™ ืžื•ึนืฆึธืึตื™ ืฉืึทื‘ึผึธืช ื•ึผืžื•ึนืฆึธืึตื™ ื™ื•ึนื ื”ึทื›ึผึดืคึผื•ึผืจึดื™ื ื•ึผืžื•ึนืฆึธืึตื™ ื™ึธืžึดื™ื ื˜ื•ึนื‘ึดื™ื ืžึฐื‘ึธืจึตืšึฐ ื‘ึผึฐืจึธื›ึธื” ืจึฐื‘ึดื™ืขึดื™ืช ื‘ึผึฐื ึนืกึทื— ื–ึถื”:


ืึทืชึผึธื” ื—ื•ึนื ึตืŸ ืœึฐืึธื“ึธื ื“ึผึทืขึทืช ื•ึผืžึฐืœึทืžึผึตื“ ืœึถืึฑื ื•ึนืฉื ื‘ึผึดื™ื ึธื”, ื•ึฐืึทืชึผึธื” ื”ึดื‘ึฐื“ึผึทืœึฐืชึผึธ ื‘ึผึตื™ืŸ ืงึนื“ึถืฉื ืœึทื—ึนืœ ื•ึผื‘ึตื™ืŸ ืื•ึนืจ ืœึทื—ึนืฉืึถืšึฐ ื•ึผื‘ึตื™ืŸ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืœึทื’ึผื•ึนื™ึดื™ื ื•ึผื‘ึตื™ืŸ ื™ื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึผืึฐื‘ึดื™ืขึดื™ ืœึฐืฉืึตืฉืึถืช ื™ึฐืžึตื™ ื”ึทืžึผึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึถื”. ื›ึผึฐืฉืึตื ืฉืึถื”ึดื‘ึฐื“ึผึทืœึฐืชึผึธ ื‘ึผึตื™ืŸ ืงึนื“ึถืฉื ืœึทื—ึนืœ, ื›ึผึธืšึฐ ืคึผึฐื“ึตื ื•ึผ ื•ึฐื”ึทืฆึผึดื™ืœึตื ื•ึผ ืžึดื›ึผึธืœ ืžึดื™ื ึตื™ ืžึทืฉืึฐื—ึดื™ืช ื•ึผืžึดื›ึผึธืœ ืžึดื™ื ึตื™ ืคึผึปืจึฐืขึธื ึปื™ื•ึนืช ื”ึทืžึผึดืชึฐืจึทื’ึผึฐืฉืื•ึนืช ืœึธื‘ื•ึนื ื‘ึผึธืขื•ึนืœึธื, ื•ึฐืฉืึธืžึฐืจึตื ื•ึผ ืžึดืŸ ื”ึทื›ึผึนืœ, ื•ึฐื—ึธื ึผึตื ื•ึผ ืžึตืึดืชึผึฐืšึธ ื“ึผึตืขึธื” ื•ึผื‘ึดื™ื ึธื” ื•ึฐื”ึทืฉื‚ึฐื›ึผึตืœ. ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ืึทืชึผึธื” ื™ื™, ื—ื•ึนื ึตืŸ ื”ึทื“ึผึธืขึทืช.

ื™ื— ื”ึทืžึผึดืชึฐืจึทื’ึผึฐืฉืื•ึนืช - ื”ืžืชืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื•ืžื•ืช (ืข"ืค ืจื“"ื).

ื™ื˜ ื‘ึผึฐืจึธืืฉืึตื™ ื—ึณื“ึธืฉืึดื™ื ื•ึผื‘ึฐื—ึปืœึผื•ึน ืฉืึถืœึผึทืžึผื•ึนืขึตื“, ืžื•ึนืกึดื™ืฃ ื‘ึผึฐื‘ึดืจึฐื›ึผึทืช ืฉืึฐื‘ึทืข ืขึถืฉื‚ึฐืจึตื” ื‘ึผึฐืขึทืจึฐื‘ึดื™ืช ื•ึฐืฉืึทื—ึฒืจึดื™ืช ื•ึผืžึดื ึฐื—ึธื”, ื•ึผืžึฐื‘ึธืจึตืšึฐ ืื•ึนืชึธื”ึผ ื‘ึผึฐื ึนืกึทื— ื–ึถื”:


ืจึฐืฆึตื” ื™ื™ ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐืขึทืžึผึฐืšึธ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื•ึฐืœึดืชึฐืคึดืœึผึธืชึธื ืฉืึฐืขึตื”, ื•ึฐื”ึธืฉืึตื‘ ื”ึธืขึฒื‘ื•ึนื“ึธื” ืœึดื“ึฐื‘ึดื™ืจ ื‘ึผึตื™ืชึถืšึธ, ื•ึฐืึดืฉึผืึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื•ึผืชึฐืคึดืœึผึธืชึธื ืžึฐื”ึตืจึธื” ื‘ึผึฐืึทื”ึฒื‘ึธื” ืชึผึฐืงึทื‘ึผึตืœ ื‘ึผึฐืจึธืฆื•ึนืŸ, ื•ึผืชึฐื”ึดื™ ืœึฐืจึธืฆื•ึนืŸ ืชึผึธืžึดื™ื“ ืขึฒื‘ื•ึนื“ึทืช ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืขึทืžึผึธืšึฐ. ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื•ึตืืœึนื”ึตื™ ืึฒื‘ื•ึนืชึตื™ื ื•ึผ, ื™ึทืขึฒืœึถื” ื•ึฐื™ึธื‘ื•ึนื, ื™ึทื’ึผึดื™ืขึท, ื™ึตืจึธืึถื”, ื™ึตืจึธืฆึถื”, ื™ึดืฉึผืึธืžึทืข, ื™ึดืคึผึธืงึตื“, ื™ึดื–ึผึธื›ึตืจ ืœึฐืคึธื ึถื™ืšึธ ื–ึดื›ึฐืจื•ึนื ึตื ื•ึผ, ื–ึดื›ึฐืจื•ึนืŸ ืึฒื‘ื•ึนืชึตื™ื ื•ึผ, ื–ึดื›ึฐืจื•ึนืŸ ื™ึฐืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึทื™ึดื ืขึดื™ืจึธืšึฐ, ื–ึดื›ึฐืจื•ึนืŸ ืžึธืฉืึดื™ื—ึท ื‘ึผึถืŸ ื“ึผึธื•ึดื“ ืขึทื‘ึฐื“ึผึธืšึฐ, ื–ึดื›ึฐืจื•ึนืŸ ื›ึผึธืœ ืขึทืžึผึฐืšึธ ื‘ึผึตื™ืช ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืœึฐืคึธื ึถื™ืšึธ, ืœึดืคึฐืœึตื˜ึธื” ืœึฐื˜ื•ึนื‘ึธื” ืœึฐื—ึตืŸ ืœึฐื—ึถืกึถื“ ื•ึผืœึฐืจึทื—ึฒืžึดื™ื, ื‘ึผึฐื™ื•ึนื ืจึนืืฉื ื”ึทื—ึนื“ึถืฉื ื”ึทื–ึผึถื”, ืœึฐืจึทื—ึตื ื‘ึผื•ึน ืขึธืœึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื•ึผืœึฐื”ื•ึนืฉืึดื™ืขึตื ื•ึผ. ื–ึธื›ึฐืจึตื ื•ึผ ื™ื™ ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื‘ึผื•ึน ืœึฐื˜ื•ึนื‘ึธื”, ืคึผึธืงึฐื“ึตื ื•ึผ ื‘ื•ึน ืœึดื‘ึฐืจึธื›ึธื”, ื”ื•ึนืฉืึดื™ืขึตื ื•ึผ ื‘ื•ึน ืœึฐื—ึทื™ึผึดื™ื, ื‘ึผึดื“ึฐื‘ึทืจ ื™ึฐืฉืื•ึผืขึธื” ื•ึฐืจึทื—ึฒืžึดื™ื ื—ื•ึผืก ื•ึฐื—ึธื ึผึตื ื•ึผ ื•ึฐืจึทื—ึตื ืขึธืœึตื™ื ื•ึผ, ื•ึผืžึทืœึผึฐื˜ึตื ื•ึผ ื‘ื•ึน ืžึดื›ึผึธืœ ืฆึธืจึธื” ื•ึฐื™ึธื’ื•ึนืŸ, ื•ึฐืฉื‚ึทืžึผึฐื—ึตื ื•ึผ ื‘ื•ึน ืฉื‚ึดืžึฐื—ึธื” ืฉืึฐืœึตืžึธื”. ื•ึฐืชึดืจึฐืฆึตื ื•ึผ, ื•ึฐืชึถื—ึฑื–ึถื™ื ึธื” ืขึตื™ื ึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐืฉืื•ึผื‘ึฐืšึธ ืœึฐื ึธื•ึฐืšึธ ืœึฐืฆึดื™ึผื•ึนืŸ ื‘ึผึฐืจึทื—ึฒืžึดื™ื ื›ึผึฐืžึตืึธื–. ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ืึทืชึผึธื” ื™ื™, ื”ึทืžึผึทื—ึฒื–ึดื™ืจ ืฉืึฐื›ึดื™ื ึธืชื•ึน ืœึฐืฆึดื™ึผื•ึนืŸ.

ื™ื˜  ื™ึดืฉึผืึธืžึทืข - ื™ืชืงื‘ืœ ื‘ืจืฆื•ืŸ (ืžื•"ื  ื,ืžื”). ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืืœ ื™ึตืจึธืฆึถื”. ื™ึดืคึผึธืงึตื“ - ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืืœ ื™ึดื–ึผึธื›ึตืจ. ืœึดืคึฐืœึตื˜ึธื” - ืœื”ืฆืœื”.

ื› ื•ึผื‘ึฐื—ึปืœึผื•ึน ืฉืึถืœึผึทืžึผื•ึนืขึตื“ ืื•ึนืžึตืจ: "ื‘ึผึฐื™ื•ึนื ืžึดืงึฐืจึธื ืงึนื“ึถืฉื ื”ึทื–ึผึถื”, ื‘ึผึฐื™ื•ึนื ืžื•ึนืขึตื“ ื—ึทื’ ื”ึทืžึผึทืฆึผื•ึนืช ื”ึทื–ึผึถื”" ืื•ึน "ื‘ึผึฐื™ื•ึนื ืžื•ึนืขึตื“ ื—ึทื’ ื”ึทืกึผึปื›ึผื•ึนืช ื”ึทื–ึผึถื”", "ืœึฐืจึทื—ึตื ื‘ึผื•ึน ืขึธืœึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื•ึผืœึฐื”ื•ึนืฉืึดื™ืขึตื ื•ึผ...".

ื›  ืžึดืงึฐืจึธื ืงึนื“ึถืฉื - "ื•ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืืžืจื•... ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื ื—ื•ืงื ืืฆืœืš ื›ื—ื•ืง ืฉืืจ ื”ื™ืžื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืชืขืฉื” ืœื”ื ืžืงืจื ืฉืœ ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืœืฉื ื•ืชื ื‘ืžืื›ืœ ื•ื‘ืžืœื‘ื•ืฉ ืžื—ื•ืœ ืœืงื•ื“ืฉ" (ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ื•ื™ืงืจื ื›ื’,ื‘).

ื›ื ื‘ึผึฐื™ื•ึนื ืชึผึทืขึฒื ึดื™ืช ืžึฐื‘ึธืจึตืšึฐ ื‘ึผึดืจึฐื›ึผึทืช ืฉืึตืฉื ืขึถืฉื‚ึฐืจึตื” ื”ึทื™ึผึธื—ึดื™ื“ ื‘ึผึทื ึผึนืกึทื— ื”ึทื–ึผึถื”:


ืฉืึฐืžึทืข ืงื•ึนืœึตื ื•ึผ ื™ื™ ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื•ึฐื—ื•ึผืก ื•ึฐืจึทื—ึตื ืขึธืœึตื™ื ื•ึผ, ื•ึฐืงึทื‘ึผึตืœ ื‘ึผึฐืจึทื—ึฒืžึดื™ื ื•ึฐืจึธืฆื•ึนืŸ ืึถืช ืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธืชึตื ื•ึผ, ืžึดืœึผึฐืคึธื ึถื™ืšึธ ืžึทืœึฐื›ึผึตื ื•ึผ ืจึตื™ืงึธื ืึทืœ ืชึผึฐืฉืึดื™ื‘ึตื ื•ึผ. ืขึฒื ึตื ื•ึผ ื™ื™ ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ื ื•ึผ ืขึฒื ึตื ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐื™ื•ึนื ืฆื•ึนื ื”ึทืชึผึทืขึฒื ึดื™ืช ื”ึทื–ึผึถื”, ื›ึผึดื™ ื‘ึผึฐืฆึธืจึธื” ื’ึผึฐื“ื•ึนืœึธื” ืึฒื ึธื—ึฐื ื•ึผ. ืึทืœ ืชึผึทืกึฐืชึผึตืจ ืคึผึธื ึถื™ืšึธ ืžึดืžึผึถื ึผื•ึผ ื•ึฐืึทืœ ืชึผึทืขึฐืœึตื ืึธื–ึฐื ึฐืšึธ ืžึดืฉึผืึฐืžึนืขึท ืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธืชึตื ื•ึผ ื•ึถื”ึฑื™ึตื” ืงึธืจื•ึนื‘ ืœึฐืฉืึทื•ึฐืขึตื ื•ึผ. ื˜ึถืจึถื ื ึดืงึฐืจึธื ื•ึฐืึทืชึผึธื” ืชึทืขึฒื ึถื”, ื ึฐื“ึทื‘ึผึตืจ ื•ึฐืึทืชึผึธื” ืชึดืฉืึฐืžึธืข, ื›ึผึฐื“ึธื‘ึธืจ ืฉืึถื ึผึถืึฑืžึทืจ: "ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ื˜ึถืจึถื ื™ึดืงึฐืจึธืื•ึผ ื•ึทืึฒื ึดื™ ืึถืขึฑื ึถื”, ืขื•ึนื“ ื”ึตื ืžึฐื“ึทื‘ึผึฐืจึดื™ื ื•ึทืึฒื ึดื™ ืึถืฉืึฐืžึธืข" (ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ืกื”,ื›ื“), ื›ึผึดื™ ืึทืชึผึธื” ืฉืื•ึนืžึตืขึท ืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึทืช ื›ึผึธืœ ืคึผึถื”. ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ืึทืชึผึธื” ื™ื™, ืฉืื•ึนืžึตืขึท ืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธื”.

ื›ื  ืคึผึธื ึถื™ืšึธ - ื”ืฉื’ื—ืชืš (ืžื•"ื  ื,ืœื–). ืึทืœ ืชึผึทืขึฐืœึตื ืึธื–ึฐื ึฐืšึธ - ืืœ ืชื›ืกื” ืืช ืื•ื–ื ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ืœืฉืžื•ืข (ืช"ื™ ืื™ื›ื” ื’,ื ื•), ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ ืœื”ื™ืžื ืขื•ืช ื”' ืžืœืงื‘ืœ ืชืคื™ืœื”. ื˜ึถืจึถื ื ึดืงึฐืจึธื - ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ืกื™ื™ื ืœืงืจื•ื ืืœื™ืš. ื ึฐื“ึทื‘ึผึตืจ - ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื.

ื›ื‘ ื•ึผืฉืึฐืœึดื™ื—ึท ืฆึดื‘ึผื•ึผืจ ืื•ึนืžึตืจ ื ึนืกึทื— ื–ึถื” ื‘ึผึฐืจึธื›ึธื” ื‘ึผึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ืขึทืฆึฐืžึธื”ึผ; ืึทื—ึทืจ ื‘ึผึฐืจึธื›ึธื” ืฉืึฐื‘ึดื™ืขึดื™ืช ืื•ึนืžึตืจ:


ืขึฒื ึตื ื•ึผ ื™ื™ ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ื ื•ึผ ืขึฒื ึตื ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐื™ื•ึนื ืฆื•ึนื ื”ึทืชึผึทืขึฒื ึดื™ืช ื”ึทื–ึผึถื”, ื›ึผึดื™ ื‘ึผึฐืฆึธืจึธื” ื’ึผึฐื“ื•ึนืœึธื”... ืขื•ึนื“ ื”ึตื ืžึฐื“ึทื‘ึผึฐืจึดื™ื ื•ึทืึฒื ึดื™ ืึถืฉืึฐืžึธืข, ื›ึผึดื™ ืึทืชึผึธื” ืขื•ึนื ึถื” ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ืขึตืช ืฆึธืจึธื” ื•ึฐืฆื•ึผืงึธื”, ืคึผื•ึนื“ึถื” ื•ึผืžึทืฆึผึดื™ืœ. ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ืึทืชึผึธื” ื™ื™, ื”ึธืขื•ึนื ึถื” ื‘ึผึฐืขึตืช ืฆึธืจึธื”.

ื›ื‘ ืฆื•ึผืงึธื” - ืžืฆื•ืงื” ื•ืฆืจื”.

ื›ื’ ื‘ึผึฐืชึดืฉืึฐืขึธื” ื‘ึผึฐืึธื‘ ืžึฐื‘ึธืจึตืšึฐ ื‘ึผึดืจึฐื›ึผึทืช ืึทืจึฐื‘ึผึทืข ืขึถืฉื‚ึฐืจึตื” ื‘ึผึฐื ึนืกึทื— ื–ึถื”:


ืจึทื—ึตื ื™ื™ ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ื ื•ึผ ืขึธืœึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืขึทืžึผึธืšึฐ ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ื™ึฐืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึทื™ึดื ืขึดื™ืจึธืšึฐ, ื”ึธืขึดื™ืจ ื”ึธืึฒื‘ึตืœึธื” ื”ึทื—ึฒืจึตื‘ึธื” ื”ึทืฉึผืื•ึนืžึตืžึธื” ื”ึทื ึผึฐืชื•ึผื ึธื” ื‘ึผึฐื™ึทื“ ื–ึธืจึดื™ื, ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนืฉืึถื‘ึถืช ื•ึฐืจึนืืฉื ืœึธื”ึผ ื—ึธืคื•ึผื™ ื›ึผึฐืึดืฉึผืึธื” ืขึฒืงึธืจึธื” ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ื™ึธืœึธื“ึธื”, ื•ึทื™ึฐื‘ึทืœึผึฐืขื•ึผื”ึธ ืœึดื’ึฐื™ื•ึนื ึดื™ื, ื•ึทื™ึผึดื™ืจึธืฉืื•ึผื”ึธ ืขื•ึนื‘ึฐื“ึตื™ ืคึฐืกึดื™ืœึดื™ื, ื•ึทื™ึผึดืชึผึฐื ื•ึผ ื ึดื‘ึฐืœึทืช ืขึฒื‘ึธื“ึถื™ืšึธ ืžึทืึฒื›ึธืœ ืœึฐืขื•ึนืฃ ื”ึทืฉึผืึธืžึทื™ึดื ื•ึผืœึฐื‘ึถื”ึฑืžึทืช ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ. ืขึทืœ ื›ึผึตืŸ ืฆึดื™ึผื•ึนืŸ ื‘ึผึดืžึฐืจึธืจ ืชึผึดื‘ึฐื›ึผึถื” ื•ึดื™ืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึทื™ึดื ืชึผึดืชึผึตืŸ ืงื•ึนืœึธื”ึผ, ืœึดื‘ึผึดื™ ืœึดื‘ึผึดื™ ืขึทืœ ื—ึทืœึฐืœึตื™ื”ึถื, ืžึตืขึทื™ ืžึตืขึทื™ ืขึทืœ ื”ึฒืจื•ึผื’ึตื™ื”ึถื. ืจึฐืึตื” ื™ื™ ื•ึฐื”ึทื‘ึผึดื™ื˜ึธื”, ื•ึฐืจึทื—ึตื ืฉืื•ึนืžึฐืžื•ึนืชึถื™ื”ึธ ื•ึฐื ึทื—ึฒืžึถื”ึธ, ื›ึผึดื™ ืึทืชึผึธื” ื™ื™ ื‘ึผึธืึตืฉื ื™ึดืกึผึทื“ึฐืชึผึธื”ึผ* ื•ึผื‘ึธืึตืฉื ืึทืชึผึธื” ืขึธืชึดื™ื“ ืœึดื‘ึฐื ื•ึนืชึธื”ึผ, ื›ึผึทื›ึผึธืชื•ึผื‘: "ื•ึทืึฒื ึดื™ ืึถื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืœึผึธื”ึผ ื ึฐืึปื ื™ื™ ื—ื•ึนืžึทืช ืึตืฉื ืกึธื‘ึดื™ื‘, ื•ึผืœึฐื›ึธื‘ื•ึนื“ ืึถื”ึฐื™ึถื” ื‘ึฐืชื•ึนื›ึธื”ึผ" (ื–ื›ืจื™ื” ื‘,ื˜). ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ืึทืชึผึธื” ื™ื™, ื‘ึผื•ึนื ึตื” ื™ึฐืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึทื™ึดื.

ื›ื’ ื•ึฐืจึนืืฉื ืœึธื”ึผ ื—ึธืคื•ึผื™ - ืžื›ื•ืกื”, ื›ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืœืื‘ืœ. ื›ึผึฐืึดืฉึผืึธื” ืขึฒืงึธืจึธื” - (ืข"ืค ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ื ื“,ื) ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื’ืœื• ื‘ื ื™ื” ืžืžื ื”. ื•ึทื™ึฐื‘ึทืœึผึฐืขื•ึผื”ึธ - ื•ื™ืฉื—ื™ืชื• ืื•ืชื”. ืœึดื’ึฐื™ื•ึนื ึดื™ื - ืœื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฆื‘ื ื”ืจื•ืžืื™, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ืืœืคื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืฉืช ืืœืคื™ื ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื (ืžื™ืœื•ืŸ ืื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ืฉืŸ). ืžึตืขึทื™ - ื›ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช 'ืœื‘ื™' (ืžื•"ื  ื,ืžื•). ื‘ึผึธืึตืฉื ื™ึดืกึผึทื“ึฐืชึผึธื”ึผ* - ื ื•ืกื— ืงืฉื” ืžืขื˜. ื‘ืžืงืฆืช ื›ืชื‘ื™ ื”ื™ื“: 'ื”ึดืฆึผึทืชึผึธื”ึผ'. ื•ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ื›ื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืœื” 'ื™ืกื“ืชื”' ื›ืืŸ ื”ื™ื: ื”ืจืกืช ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืชื™ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฆืชืชื ื‘ืืฉ; ื›ื›ืชื•ื‘: "ื•ื™ืฆืช ืืฉ ื‘ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืชืื›ืœ ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืชื™ื”" (ืื™ื›ื” ื“,ื™ื). ื•ึทืึฒื ึดื™ ืึถื”ึฐื™ึถื” - ืœื” ืœืžื’ืŸ, ื›ืื™ืœื• ื™ืฉ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื—ื•ืžืช ืืฉ, ื•ื’ื ืชืฉื›ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ื™ื ืชื™ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื” ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ื›ื (ืจืฉ"ื™).

ื›ื“ ื‘ึผึฐืคื•ึผืจึดื™ื ืžึฐื‘ึธืจึตืšึฐ ื‘ึผึดืจึฐื›ึผึทืช ืฉืึฐืžื•ึนื ึถื” ืขึถืฉื‚ึฐืจึตื” ื‘ึผึฐื ึนืกึทื— ื–ึถื”:


ืžื•ึนื“ึดื™ื ืึฒื ึทื—ึฐื ื•ึผ ืœึธืšึฐ ืฉืึถืึทืชึผึธื” ื”ื•ึผื ื™ื™ ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ื ื•ึผ, ืฆื•ึผืจ ื—ึทื™ึผึตื™ื ื•ึผ ืžึธื’ึตืŸ ื™ึดืฉืึฐืขึตื ื•ึผ ืึทืชึผึธื” ื”ื•ึผื ืœึฐื“ื•ึนืจ ื•ึธื“ื•ึนืจ ื ื•ึนื“ึถื” ืœึธืšึฐ ื•ึผื ึฐืกึทืคึผึตืจ ืชึผึฐื”ึดืœึผึธืชึธืšึฐ ืขึทืœ ื—ึทื™ึผึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื”ึทืžึฐืกื•ึผืจึดื™ืŸ ื‘ึผึฐื™ึธื“ึถื™ืšึธ ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ื ึดืฉืึฐืžื•ึนืชึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื”ึทืคึผึฐืงื•ึผื“ื•ึนืช ืœึธืšึฐ, ืขึทืœ ื ึดืกึผึถื™ืšึธ ืฉืึถื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ื™ื•ึนื ื•ึธื™ื•ึนื, ืขึทืœ ื ึดืคึฐืœึฐืื•ึนืชึถื™ืšึธ ืฉืึถื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ืขึตืช ื•ึธืขึตืช, ืขึทืœ ื”ึทื ึผึดืกึผึดื™ื ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ื”ึทื’ึผึฐื‘ื•ึผืจื•ึนืช ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ื”ึทืชึผึฐืฉืื•ึผืขื•ึนืช ืฉืึถืขึธืฉื‚ึดื™ืชึธ ืขึดืžึผึธื ื•ึผ ื•ึฐืขึดื ืึฒื‘ื•ึนืชึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึทื™ึผึธืžึดื™ื ื”ึธื”ึตื ื‘ึผึทื–ึผึฐืžึทืŸ ื”ึทื–ึผึถื”. ื‘ึผึดื™ืžึตื™ ืžึธืจึฐื“ึผึณื›ึทื™ ื•ึฐืึถืกึฐืชึผึตืจ, ื›ึผึฐืฉืึถืขึธืžึทื“ ื”ึธืžึธืŸ ื”ึธืจึทืข ืขึทืœ ืขึทืžึผึฐืšึธ ื‘ึผึตื™ืช ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ, ื•ึผื‘ึดืงึผึตืฉื ืœึฐื”ึทืฉืึฐืžึดื™ื“ ืœึทื”ึฒืจึนื’ ื•ึผืœึฐืึทื‘ึผึตื“ ืึถืช ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทื™ึผึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึดื™ื, ืžึดื ึผึทืขึทืจ ื•ึฐืขึทื“ ื–ึธืงึตืŸ ื˜ึทืฃ ื•ึฐื ึธืฉืึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐื™ื•ึนื ืึถื—ึธื“ ื•ึผืฉืึฐืœึธืœึธื ืœึธื‘ื•ึนื–, ื•ึฐืึทืชึผึธื” ื‘ึผึฐืจึทื—ึฒืžึถื™ืšึธ ื”ึธืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ื ืขึธืžึทื“ึฐืชึผึธ ืœึธื”ึถื ื‘ึผึฐืขึตืช ืฆึธืจึธืชึธื ื•ึฐื“ึทื ึฐืชึผึธ ืึถืช ื“ึผึดื™ื ึธื ื•ึฐืจึทื‘ึฐืชึผึธ ืึถืช ืจึดื™ื‘ึธื ื•ึฐื ึธืงึทืžึฐืชึผึธ ืึถืช ื ึดืงึฐืžึธืชึธื, ื•ึฐื”ึตืคึทืจึฐืชึผึธ ืึถืช ืขึฒืฆึธืชื•ึน ื•ึฐืงึดืœึฐืงึทืœึฐืชึผึธ ืึถืช ืžึทื—ึฒืฉืึทื‘ึฐืชึผื•ึน ื•ึทื”ึฒืฉืึตื‘ื•ึนืชึธ ืœึผื•ึน ื’ึผึฐืžื•ึผืœื•ึน ื‘ึผึฐืจึนืืฉืื•ึน ื•ึฐืชึธืœื•ึผ ืื•ึนืชื•ึน ื•ึฐืึถืช ื‘ึผึธื ึธื™ื• ืขึทืœ ื”ึธืขึตืฅ, ื•ึฐืขึธืฉื‚ึดื™ืชึธ ืœึฐืšึธ ืฉืึตื ื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ ื‘ึผึฐืขื•ึนืœึธืžึถืšึธ, ื•ึผืœึฐืขึทืžึผึฐืšึธ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืขึธืฉื‚ึดื™ืชึธ ืคึผึถืœึถื ื•ึฐื ึดืกึผึดื™ื. ื›ึผึฐืฉืึตื ืฉืึถืขึธืฉื‚ึดื™ืชึธ ืขึดืžึผึธื”ึถืŸ ืคึผึถืœึถื ื•ึฐื ึดืกึผึดื™ื, ื›ึผึธืšึฐ ืขึฒืฉื‚ึตื” ืขึดืžึผึธื ื•ึผ ื ึดืกึผึดื™ื ื•ึผื’ึฐื‘ื•ึผืจื•ึนืช ื‘ึผึธืขึตืช ื•ึผื‘ึธืขื•ึนื ึธื” ื”ึทื–ึผึนืืช. ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ื›ึผึปืœึผึธื ื™ื™ ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ื ื•ึผ ืึธื ื•ึผ ืžื•ึนื“ึดื™ื ืœึธืšึฐ, ื”ึทื˜ึผื•ึนื‘ ื›ึผึดื™ ืœึนื ื›ึธืœื•ึผ ืจึทื—ึฒืžึถื™ืšึธ, ื”ึทืžึฐืจึทื—ึตื ื›ึผึดื™ ืœึนื ืชึทืžึผื•ึผ ื—ึฒืกึธื“ึถื™ืšึธ...

ื›ื“ ื‘ึผึทื™ึผึธืžึดื™ื ื”ึธื”ึตื ื‘ึผึทื–ึผึฐืžึทืŸ ื”ึทื–ึผึถื” - ืฉื—ืœื• ื‘ืชืืจื™ืš ื”ื–ื” ืฉืื ื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื• ื”ื™ื•ื.

ื›ื” ื‘ึผึทื—ึฒื ึปื›ึผึธื” ืžึฐื‘ึธืจึตืšึฐ ื‘ึผึฐืจึธื›ึธื” ื–ื•ึน ื‘ึผึทื ึผึนืกึทื— ื”ึทื–ึผึถื”:


ืžื•ึนื“ึดื™ื ืึฒื ึทื—ึฐื ื•ึผ ืœึธืšึฐ... ืขึทืœ ื ึดืคึฐืœึฐืื•ึนืชึถื™ืšึธ ืฉืึถื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ืขึตืช ื•ึธืขึตืช. ืขึทืœ ื”ึทื ึผึดืกึผึดื™ื ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ื”ึทื’ึผึฐื‘ื•ึผืจื•ึนืช ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ื”ึทืžึผึดืœึฐื—ึธืžื•ึนืช ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ื”ึทืชึผึฐืฉืื•ึผืขื•ึนืช ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ื”ึทืคึผึฐื“ื•ึผืช ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ื”ึทืคึผึปืจึฐืงึธืŸ ืฉืึถืขึธืฉื‚ึดื™ืชึธ ืขึดืžึผึธื ื•ึผ ื•ึฐืขึดื ืึฒื‘ื•ึนืชึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึทื™ึผึธืžึดื™ื ื”ึธื”ึตื ื‘ึผึทื–ึผึฐืžึทืŸ ื”ึทื–ึผึถื”, ื‘ึผึดื™ืžึตื™ ืžึทืชึผึดืชึฐื™ึธื” ื‘ึผึถืŸ ื™ื•ึนื—ึธื ึธืŸ ื›ึผึนื”ึตืŸ ื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ ื—ึทืฉืึฐืžื•ึนื ึทืื™ ื•ึผื‘ึธื ึธื™ื•, ื›ึผึฐืฉืึถืขึธืžึฐื“ึธื” ืžึทืœึฐื›ื•ึผืช ื™ึธื•ึธืŸ ื”ึธืจึฐืฉืึธืขึธื” ืขึทืœ ืขึทืžึผึฐืšึธ ื‘ึผึตื™ืช ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืœึฐื‘ึทื˜ึผึฐืœึธื ืžึดืชึผื•ึนืจึธืชึถืšึธ ื•ึผืœึฐื”ึทืขึฒื‘ึดื™ืจึธื ืžึตื—ึปืงึผึตื™ ืจึฐืฆื•ึนื ึถืšึธ. ื•ึฐืึทืชึผึธื” ื‘ึผึฐืจึทื—ึฒืžึถื™ืšึธ ื”ึธืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ื ืขึธืžึทื“ึฐืชึผึธ ืœึธื”ึถื ื‘ึผึฐืขึตืช ืฆึธืจึธืชึธื ื•ึฐื“ึทื ึฐืชึผึธ ืึถืช ื“ึผึดื™ื ึธื ื•ึฐืจึทื‘ึฐืชึผึธ ืึถืช ืจึดื™ื‘ึธื ื•ึฐื ึธืงึทืžึฐืชึผึธ ืึถืช ื ึดืงึฐืžึธืชึธื, ื•ึผืžึธืกึทืจึฐืชึผึธ ื’ึผึดื‘ึผื•ึนืจึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐื™ึทื“ ื—ึทืœึผึธืฉืึดื™ื ื•ึฐืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐื™ึทื“ ืžึฐืขึทื˜ึผึดื™ื ื•ึผื˜ึฐืžึตืึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐื™ึทื“ ื˜ึฐื”ื•ึนืจึดื™ื ื•ึผืจึฐืฉืึธืขึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐื™ึทื“ ืฆึทื“ึผึดื™ืงึดื™ื ื•ึผืคื•ึนืฉืึฐืขึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐื™ึทื“ ืขื•ึนืฉื‚ึตื™ ืชึผื•ึนืจึธืชึถืšึธ, ื•ึฐืขึธืฉื‚ึดื™ืชึธ ืœึฐืšึธ ืฉืึตื ื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ ื‘ึผึฐืขื•ึนืœึธืžึถืšึธ, ื•ึผืœึฐืขึทืžึผึฐืšึธ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืขึธืฉื‚ึดื™ืชึธ ืคึผึถืœึถื ื•ึฐื ึดืกึผึดื™ื. ื›ึผึฐืฉืึตื ืฉืึถืขึธืฉื‚ึดื™ืชึธ ืขึดืžึผึธื”ึถื ื ึดืกึผึดื™ื ื•ึผื’ึฐื‘ื•ึผืจื•ึนืช, ื›ึผึธืšึฐ ืขึฒืฉื‚ึตื” ืขึดืžึผึธื ื•ึผ ื ึดืกึผึดื™ื ื•ึผื’ึฐื‘ื•ึผืจื•ึนืช ื‘ึผึธืขึตืช ื•ึผื‘ึธืขื•ึนื ึธื” ื”ึทื–ึผึนืืช. ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ื›ึผึปืœึผึธื ื™ื™ ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ื ื•ึผ ืึธื ื•ึผ ืžื•ึนื“ึดื™ื ืœึธืšึฐ, ื”ึทื˜ึผื•ึนื‘ ื›ึผึดื™ ืœึนื ื›ึธืœื•ึผ ืจึทื—ึฒืžึถื™ืšึธ...

ื›ื” ืคึผึฐื“ื•ึผืช - ื”ืฆืœื”. ืคึผึปืจึฐืงึธืŸ - ื’ืื•ืœื” ื•ืชืฉื•ืขื”. ืขื•ึนืฉื‚ึตื™ ืชึผื•ึนืจึธืชึถืšึธ - ืขืœ ืฉื "ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื–ืืช" (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ื˜,ื›ื— ื•ืขื•ื“).

ื›ื• ืฉืึฐืœึดื™ื—ึท ืฆึดื‘ึผื•ึผืจ ืžึฐื‘ึธืจึตืšึฐ ืœึฐืขื•ึนืœึธื ื‘ึผึฐืจึธื›ึธื” ืฉืึฐืœึดื™ืฉืึดื™ืช ื‘ึผึฐื ึนืกึทื— ื–ึถื”:


ื ึทืงึฐื“ึผึดื™ืฉืึธืšึฐ ื•ึฐื ึทืขึฒืจึดื™ืฆึธืšึฐ ื•ึผื ึฐืฉืึทืœึผึตืฉื ืœึธืšึฐ ืงึฐื“ึปืฉึผืึธื” ืžึฐืฉืึปืœึผึถืฉืึถืช, ื›ึผึทื“ึผึธื‘ึธืจ ื”ึธืึธืžื•ึผืจ ืขึทืœ ื™ึฐื“ึตื™ ื ึฐื‘ึดื™ืึธืšึฐ: "ื•ึฐืงึธืจึธื ื–ึถื” ืึถืœ ื–ึถื” ื•ึฐืึธืžึทืจ: ืงึธื“ื•ึนืฉื ืงึธื“ื•ึนืฉื ืงึธื“ื•ึนืฉื ื™ื™ ืฆึฐื‘ึธืื•ึนืช, ืžึฐืœึนื ื›ึธืœ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื›ึผึฐื‘ื•ึนื“ื•ึน" (ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ื•,ื’). ื›ึผึฐื‘ื•ึนื“ื•ึน ื•ึฐื’ึธื“ึฐืœื•ึน ืžึธืœึตื ืขื•ึนืœึธื, ื•ึผืžึฐืฉืึธืจึฐืชึธื™ื• ืฉืื•ึนืึฒืœึดื™ื: ืึทื™ึผึตื” ืžึฐืงื•ึนื ื›ึผึฐื‘ื•ึนื“ื•ึน? ืžึฐืฉืึทื‘ึผึฐื—ึดื™ื ื•ึฐืื•ึนืžึฐืจึดื™ื: "ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ื›ึผึฐื‘ื•ึนื“ ื™ื™ ืžึดืžึผึฐืงื•ึนืžื•ึน" (ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ื’,ื™ื‘). ืžึดืžึผึฐืงื•ึนืžึฐืšึธ ืžึทืœึฐื›ึผึตื ื•ึผ ืชึผื•ึนืคึดื™ืขึท ื•ึฐืชึดืžึฐืœึนืšึฐ ืขึธืœึตื™ื ื•ึผ, ื›ึผึดื™ ืžึฐื—ึทื›ึผึดื™ื ืึธื ื•ึผ ืœึธืšึฐ. ืžึธืชึทื™ ืชึผึดืžึฐืœึนืšึฐ ื‘ึผึฐืฆึดื™ึผื•ึนืŸ ื‘ึผึฐื—ึทื™ึผึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื•ึผื‘ึฐื™ึธืžึตื™ื ื•ึผ, ืชึผึดืฉืึฐื›ึผึนืŸ ืชึผึดืชึฐื’ึผึทื“ึผึทืœ ื•ึฐืชึดืชึฐืงึทื“ึผึทืฉื ื‘ึผึฐืชื•ึนืšึฐ ื™ึฐืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึทื™ึดื ืขึดื™ืจึธืšึฐ, ืœึฐื“ื•ึนืจ ื•ึธื“ื•ึนืจ ื•ึผืœึฐื ึตืฆึทื— ื ึฐืฆึธื—ึดื™ื. ื•ึฐืขึตื™ื ึตื™ื ื•ึผ ืชึผึดืจึฐืึถื™ื ึธื” ื‘ึผึฐืžึทืœึฐื›ื•ึผืช ืขึปื–ึผึธืšึฐ, ื›ึผึทื“ึผึธื‘ึธืจ ื”ึธืึธืžื•ึผืจ ื‘ึผึฐืฉืึดื™ืจึตื™ ืงึธื“ึฐืฉืึธืšึฐ ืขึทืœ ื™ึฐื“ึตื™ ื“ึผึธื•ึดื“ ืžึฐืฉืึดื™ื—ึท ืฆึดื“ึฐืงึธืšึฐ: "ื™ึดืžึฐืœึนืšึฐ ื™ื™ ืœึฐืขื•ึนืœึธื, ืึฑืœึนื”ึทื™ึดืšึฐ ืฆึดื™ึผื•ึนืŸ ืœึฐื“ึนืจ ื•ึธื“ึนืจ, ื”ึทืœึฐืœื•ึผ ื™ึธื”ึผ" (ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืงืžื•,ื™). ืœึฐื“ื•ึนืจ ื•ึธื“ื•ึนืจ ื ึทื’ึผึดื™ื“ ื’ึผึธื“ึฐืœึธืšึฐ, ื•ึผืœึฐื ึตืฆึทื— ื ึฐืฆึธื—ึดื™ื ืงึฐื“ึปืฉึผืึธืชึธืšึฐ ื ึทืงึฐื“ึผึดื™ืฉื, ื•ึผืฉืึฐื‘ึธื—ึธืšึฐ ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ื ื•ึผ ืžึดืคึผึดื™ื ื•ึผ ืœึนื ื™ึธืžื•ึผืฉื, ื›ึผึดื™ ืึตืœ ืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ ื•ึฐืงึธื“ื•ึนืฉื ืึธืชึผึธื”. ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ืึทืชึผึธื” ื™ื™, ื”ึธืึตืœ ื”ึทืงึผึธื“ื•ึนืฉื.

ื›ื•  ื ึทืขึฒืจึดื™ืฆึธืšึฐ - ื ื™ืจื ืžืžืš. ืžึฐืฉืึธืจึฐืชึธื™ื• - ืžืœืื›ื™ื•. ืœึนื ื™ึธืžื•ึผืฉื - ืœื ื™ืกื•ืจ ื•ืœื ื™ื™ืคืกืง. ื•ึทื™ึผึดื’ึฐื‘ึผึทื”ึผ ื™ื™ ื•ื›ื•' - ืจืื” ืœื”ืœืŸ ืžื”.

ื‘ึผึฐืขึตืช ืฉืึถืฉึผืึฐืœึดื™ื—ึท ืฆึดื‘ึผื•ึผืจ ืื•ึนืžึตืจ ื‘ึผึดื‘ึฐืจึธื›ึธื” ื–ื•ึน "ื•ึฐืงึธืจึธื ื–ึถื” ืึถืœ ื–ึถื” ื•ึฐืึธืžึทืจ", ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึธืขึธื ืขื•ึนื ึดื™ืŸ "ืงึธื“ื•ึนืฉื ืงึธื“ื•ึนืฉื ืงึธื“ื•ึนืฉื ื™ื™ ืฆึฐื‘ึธืื•ึนืช, ืžึฐืœึนื ื›ึธืœ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื›ึผึฐื‘ื•ึนื“ื•ึน". ื•ึผื›ึฐืฉืึถื”ื•ึผื ืื•ึนืžึตืจ "ืึทื™ึผึตื” ืžึฐืงื•ึนื ื›ึผึฐื‘ื•ึนื“ื•ึน", ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึธืขึธื ืขื•ึนื ึดื™ืŸ "ืžึฐืฉืึทื‘ึผึฐื—ึดื™ื ื•ึฐืื•ึนืžึฐืจึดื™ื: ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ื›ึผึฐื‘ื•ึนื“ ื™ื™ ืžึดืžึผึฐืงื•ึนืžื•ึน". ื•ึผื›ึฐืฉืึถื”ื•ึผื ืื•ึนืžึตืจ "ื‘ึผึฐื—ึทื™ึผึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื•ึผื‘ึฐื™ึธืžึตื™ื ื•ึผ", ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึธืขึธื ืขื•ึนื ึดื™ืŸ "ืึธืžึตืŸ". ื•ึผื›ึฐืฉืึถื”ื•ึผื ืื•ึนืžึตืจ "ืขึทืœ ื™ึฐื“ึตื™ ื“ึผึธื•ึดื“ ืžึฐืฉืึดื™ื—ึท ืฆึดื“ึฐืงึธืšึฐ", ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึธืขึธื ืขื•ึนื ึดื™ืŸ "ื™ึดืžึฐืœึนืšึฐ ื™ื™ ืœึฐืขื•ึนืœึธื, ืึฑืœึนื”ึทื™ึดืšึฐ ืฆึดื™ึผื•ึนืŸ ืœึฐื“ื•ึนืจ ื•ึธื“ื•ึนืจ, ื”ึทืœึฐืœื•ึผ ื™ึธื”ึผ". ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ืึตืœึผื•ึผ ื”ึทื“ึผึฐื‘ึธืจึดื™ื ืฉืึถืขื•ึนื ึดื™ืŸ ื”ึทืฆึผึดื‘ึผื•ึผืจ - ื”ื•ึผื ืงื•ึนืจึตื ืขึดืžึผึธื”ึถืŸ. ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึทื’ึฐื‘ึผึดื™ื”ึผึท ืงื•ึนืœื•ึน ื‘ึผึฐืขึตืช ืฉืึถื”ึตืŸ ืขื•ึนื ึดื™ืŸ ืขึดืžึผื•ึน.


ื•ึฐืึถื—ึธื“ ื”ึทื™ึผึธื—ึดื™ื“ ื•ึฐืึถื—ึธื“ ื”ึทืฆึผึดื‘ึผื•ึผืจ, ื‘ึผึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึถืจึถืช ื™ึธืžึดื™ื ืฉืึถืžึผึตืจึนืืฉื ื”ึทืฉึผืึธื ึธื” ื•ึฐืขึทื“ ื™ื•ึนื ื”ึทื›ึผึดืคึผื•ึผืจึดื™ื, ืื•ึนืžึตืจ ื‘ึผึฐืกื•ึนืฃ ื‘ึผึฐืจึธื›ึธื” ื–ื•ึน: ื›ึผึธืึธืžื•ึผืจ: "ื•ึทื™ึผึดื’ึฐื‘ึผึทื”ึผ ื™ื™ ืฆึฐื‘ึธืื•ึนืช ื‘ึผึทืžึผึดืฉืึฐืคึผึธื˜, ื•ึฐื”ึธืึตืœ ื”ึทืงึผึธื“ื•ึนืฉื ื ึดืงึฐื“ึผึธืฉื ื‘ึผึดืฆึฐื“ึธืงึธื”" (ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ื”,ื˜ื–). ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ืึทืชึผึธื” ื™ื™, ื”ึทืžึผึถืœึถืšึฐ ื”ึทืงึผึธื“ื•ึนืฉื.


ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื” ื”ืžื‘ื•ืืจืช ืฉืœ ืžืคืขืœ ืžืฉื ื” ืชื•ืจื” - ืกืคืจ ืื”ื‘ื”.
ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืชืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื•ืžืคืขืœ ืžืฉื ื” ืชื•ืจื”

ืžืคืขืœ ืžืฉื ื” ืชื•ืจื”
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ืžื”ื“ื™ืจ ืžื‘ืืจ ื•ืขื•ืจืš ืจืืฉื™: ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ื—ืื™ ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื™
ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ืžืฉื ื”: ื”ืœืœ ื’ืจืฉื•ื ื™, ื“"ืจ ื™ื—ื™ืืœ ืงืืจื”, ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื‘ื™ืจ ื˜ืœ, ื”ืจื‘ ืจื•ืขื™ ื“ื•ื‘ืงื™ืŸ
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