ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ื”ืœื›ื” ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื•ืžื•ืกืจ
  • ืืจืฅ ืื’ื“ื”
  • ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ืจื‘ื™ ืขืงื™ื‘ื ื•ืžื™ืจื•ืŸ
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
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6 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืžืืžืจ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืฉืš ืฉืœ ื”ืžืืžืจ ื”ืงื•ื“ื"ืžื ื”ื’ื™ ื”ืื‘ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ืจื‘ื™ ืขืงื™ื‘ื ื—ืœืง ื". ื‘ืžืืžืจ ื”ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื‘ืืจ ืฉืจื‘ ืฉืจื™ืจื ื’ืื•ืŸ ืžืจืžื– ื‘ืื™ื’ืจืชื• ืฉื”ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ื‘ื™ื‘ืžื•ืช (ื“ืฃ ืกื‘, ื‘) ืฉืจื‘ื™ ืขืงื™ื‘ื ื”ื™ื” ืจื‘ื ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกื™ ื•ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ื›ืคืฉื•ื˜ื• ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื• ื‘ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืกืžืœื™ืช. ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืืžื•ืจ ืฉื ืฉืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ืจื‘ื™ ืขืงื™ื‘ื ืžืชื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคืกื— ืœืขืฆืจืช ื‘ืืกื›ืจื” ื’ื ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ื›ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•, ืืœื ืฉื”ื ืžืชื• ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื ื’ื“ ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื. ืืœื ืฉืื ื›ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ืจืจ ืžื“ื•ืข ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืื‘ืœื•ืช ืขืœื™ื”ื ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคืกื— ืœืขืฆืจืช ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชืื‘ืœ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ืื‘ ืฉืื– ื ื—ืจื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืชืจ.

ื”ืžืกื•ืจืช ืฉืœ ืขืจื•ื’ืช ื”ื‘ืฉื
ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ืžืคืชื— ืœื”ื‘ื ืช ื”'ืกืžืœื™ื' ืฉื‘ืื•ืชื” ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืžืกื•ืจืช ื•ืœืคื™ื” ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืžืชื• ื”ื™ื• ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื”ืœืœ ื•ืฉืžืื™. ื”ืžืกื•ืจืช ืžื•ื‘ืืช ื‘ืกืคืจ 'ืขืจื•ื’ืช ื”ื‘ืฉื' ืฉื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ืข"ื™ ืจื‘ื ื• ืื‘ืจื”ื ื‘ืจ' ืขื–ืจื™ืืœ, ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืจ ื–ืจื•ืข. ื•ื–"ืœ (ืขืžื•ื“ 75):
"ืจืื™ืชื™ ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืฉืืœื• ื›ืŸ ืœืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื•, ืžื” ื˜ืขื ืžื ื”ื’ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ [ืื™ืŸ] ืขื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืžืœืื›ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคืกื— ืœืขืฆืจืช, ืžืฉืชืฉืงืข ื”ื—ืžื” ืขื“ ืœืžื—ืจืช ืฉื—ืจื™ืช. ื•ืืžืจื• ืœื ื• ืฉื ื™ ื˜ืขืžื™ื. ืื—ื“ ืขืœ ืคื˜ื™ืจืช ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื”ืœืœ ื•ืฉืžืื™ ื“ืืžืจื• ืฉืžื•ื ื™ื ืืœืฃ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืœื”ื™ืœืœ ื”ื–ืงืŸ ื•ืฉืžืื™ ืžื’ื‘ืช ื•ืขื“ ืื ื˜ื™ืคืจืก ื•ื›ื•ืœืŸ ืžืชื• ืžืคืกื— ื•ืขื“ ืขืฆืจืช ืขืœ ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื• ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื–ื” ืœื–ื”. ื•ื”ื™ื• ืžืชื™ื ืกืžื•ืš ืœืฉืงื™ืขืช ื”ื—ืžื”, ื•ืงื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื ืžืฉืชืฉืงืข ื”ื—ืžื”. ื•ื”ื™ื• ื”ืขื ื‘ื˜ื™ืœื™ื ืžืžืœืื›ื”. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื’ื–ืจื• ืฉืœื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฉืžื—ื” ืžืคืกื— ื•ืขื“ ืขืฆืจืช, ื•ืฉืœื ืœื—ื ืš ื—ื“ืฉื” ืขื“ ืขืฆืจืช. ื•ื ื”ื’ื• ื’ื ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืžืœืขืฉื•ืช [ืžืœืื›ื”] ืžืฉืชืฉืงืข ื”ื—ืžื”. ื•ืขื•ื“ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื—ืจ, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืื ื• ืกื•ืคืจื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื” ืขื•ืžืจ ืขื“ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืงื™ืขืช ื”ื—ืžื”..."

ืžืกื•ืจืช ื–ื• ืชืžื•ื”ื”, ื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉื™ื ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืžืชื‘ืงืฉ ืžื”ื‘ืืช ื”ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืกืžื•ืš ืœื“ืจืฉืช ืจื‘ื™ ืขืงื™ื‘ื ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ 'ื‘ึผึทื‘ึผึนืงึถืจ ื–ึฐืจึทืข ืึถืชึพื–ึทืจึฐืขึถืšึธ' โ€“ ืฉื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืžืชื• ื”ื™ื• ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื™ ืขืงื™ื‘ื . ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ืžื•ืกื›ื ื’ื ืขืœ ื”ืžืกื•ืจืช ื”ื—ื™ืœื•ืคื™ืช, ืืœื ืฉื”ื™ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืจืžื– ืฉืžื™ืชืช ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ืจื‘ื™ ืขืงื™ื‘ื ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขืœืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืกืžืœื™ืช, ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ ืืฆืœ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื”ืœืœ ื•ืฉืžืื™.

ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื”ืœืœ ื•ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ืžื ื—ื (ื•ืฉืžืื™)
ื”ืžืกื•ืจืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ "ืฉืžื•ื ื™ื ืืœืฃ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืœื”ืœืœ ื•ืฉืžืื™ ืฉืžืชื•", ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขืœืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืกืžืœื™ืช. ื•ื”ืžืกืคืจ 'ืฉืžื•ื ื”' ืžืกืžืœ ื‘ื” ืืช ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืขืฉื” ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช, ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฆืื ื• ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืกืžืœื™ืช ื–ื• ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืœื”ืœืœ (ื—ื’ื™ื’ื” ื“ืฃ ื˜ื–, ื-ื‘):
"ืžืฉื ื”... ื”ืœืœ ื•ืžื ื—ื ืœื ื ื—ืœืงื•, ื™ืฆื ืžื ื—ื ื ื›ื ืก ืฉืžืื™.... ื’ืžืจื... ืœื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื™ืฆื? ืื‘ื™ื™ ืืžืจ: ื™ืฆื ืœืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืจืขื”. ืจื‘ื ืืžืจ: ื™ืฆื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžืœืš. ืชื ื™ื ื ืžื™ ื”ื›ื™: ื™ืฆื ืžื ื—ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžืœืš, ื•ื™ืฆืื• ืขืžื• ืฉืžื•ื ื™ื ื–ื•ื’ื•ืช ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืœื‘ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืกื™ืจื™ืงื•ืŸ."

ื ืจืื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืžืžืฉื™ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื‘ื™ื™ ื•ืจื‘ื ืžื” ืขืฉื” ืžื ื—ื. ืžื ื—ื ืฉื”ื™ื” ืกื’ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืœืœ ื•ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ ืขืžื• ืืช ื”ืฆื‘ื•ืจ, ืขื–ื‘ ืืช ื”ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ื•ื™ืฆื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžืœืš, ื•ืื‘ื™ื™ ืžื’ืœื” ืฉืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื”ืœืœ ืฉื ืฉืืจื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื• ืืœ ืžื ื—ื ื•ืืœ "ืฉืžื•ื ื™ื ื–ื•ื’ื•ืช ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื" ืฉื™ืฆืื• ืขืžื• ื›ืžื™ ืฉื™ืฆืื• ืœืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืจืขื”. ื•ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืžืฉืžืข ืฉื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื• ืืœื™ื”ื ื›'ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื”' 1 . ื•ื”ืžืกื•ืจืช ืฉืœ ืขืจื•ื’ืช ื”ื‘ืฉื ืžื•ืกื™ืคื” ื•ืžื’ืœื” ืฉื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื• ืืœื™ื”ื ื’ื ื›ืžื• ืœ'ืžืชื™ื'.

ืžืœื—ืžืช ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื”ืœืœ ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื–ื•ื˜ื
ืžืœื—ืžืช ื“ืขื•ืช ื–ื• ืžืชื•ืืจืช ื›ืžืœื—ืžื” ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉ ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื–ื•ื˜ื, ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืžื•ื™ื™ื ืžื ื‘ื•ืื•ืช ื–ื›ืจื™ื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื•ื–"ืœ ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ:
"ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ: ื‘ึผึฐืจึทื— ื“ึผื•ึนื“ึดื™. ื‘ืจื— ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืื™ืžืชื™. ื™ื•ื ืฉื›ืจื™ืชื™ ื‘ืจื™ืช ืขื ืืจื—ื•ืžื• ื•ื”ืขืœื• ืฉื ื™ ื˜ืœืื™ื. ืื—ื“ ืœืฆืคื•ืŸ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ืœืฉื ืืจื—ื•ืžื• ื•ืื—ื“ ืœื“ืจื•ื ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ืœืฉื ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื... ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ: ื‘ึผึฐืจึทื— ื“ึผื•ึนื“ึดื™. ืื™ืžืชื™. ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืžื ื—ื ื•ื”ืœืœ ืฉื ืคืœื” ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื•ื™ืฆื ืžื ื—ื ื”ื•ื ื•ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืžืื•ืช ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืžืœื•ื‘ืฉื™ื ืกืจื™ืงื•ื ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื–ื”ื‘. ื•ื‘ื ื—ื ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ืžื˜ืจื•ืŸ (ื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ) [ื•ื‘ืขื˜ 2 ] (ื‘ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”) [ื‘ื• ื‘ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” 3 ] ืื—ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืžื ื—ื ื•ื”ืจื’ื•. ื•ืขืœื” ืืœืขื–ืจ ื•ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืขืžื• ื•ื—ืชื›ื• ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช [ืžื ื•ืช ืžื ื•ืช 4 ]. ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฉืขื” ืฉืœื—ื• ืื ืฉื™ ืื•ืจื—ืžื• ื•ื”ื•ืฉื™ื‘ื• ืงืกื˜ืจื ืขืœ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื• ืžื˜ืžืื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ืชื•ื›ื”. ื•ืขืœื” ืืœืขื–ืจ ื•ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืขืžื• ื•ื”ื›ื• ื›ืœ ืื ืฉื™ ืงืกื˜ืจื. ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฉืขื” ื ืคืœื” ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ืขืœ ืื•ืชื” ืฉืขื” ืืžืจื• ื‘ึผึฐืจึทื— ื“ึผื•ึนื“ึดื™ ื•ึผื“ึฐืžึตื”ึพืœึฐืšึธ ืœึดืฆึฐื‘ึดื™ ืื•ึน ืœึฐืขึนืคึถืจ ื”ึธืึทื™ึผึธืœึดื™ื ืขึทืœ ื”ึธืจึตื™ ื‘ึฐืฉื‚ึธืžึดื™ื".

ื’ื ืžื“ืจืฉ ื–ื” ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžืกืคืจ 'ืฉืžื•ื ื”' (ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืžืื•ืช ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื), ื•ื’ื ืื•ืชื• ืงืฉื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•. ื”ืขืœืืช ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืชื•ืืจืช ืฉื ืชืžื•ื”ื”. ืฉื”ืจื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื ืฉื—ื˜ื™ื ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืžื–ื‘ื—, ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืžืขืœื™ื ืื•ืชื ืœืžืขืจื›ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืืฉ ืฉื‘ืžื–ื‘ื—, ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžืขืœื™ื ืื•ืชื ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื–ื‘ื—. ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ืžืจืžื– ืœืžื–ื‘ื— ืฉื‘ืฉืžื™ื, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžื–ื‘ื— ื–ื” ืžื•ื–ื›ืจ ื’ื ื‘ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื“ืจืฉื™ื (ืื™ื™ื–ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ื’ืŸ ืขื“ืŸ; ื’ื™ื”ื ื ืขืžื•ื“ 88): "ื•ืฉื ื‘ืจืงื™ืข ืขืจื‘ื•ืช ืขื•ืžื“ ืžื™ื›ืืœ ื”ืฉืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืžื–ื‘ื— ืœืคื ื™ื•, ื•ื›ืœ ื ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืžืงืจื™ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ื”ื”ื•ื".

ื™ื“ื•ืข ืฉื™ืฉ ืฉื ื™ ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ ื ืฉืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื. ื ืฉืžืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื”ืฆื“ื™ืง ืฉื™ื“ื•ืขื” ื’ื ื›ืžืฉื™ื— ื‘ืŸ ื“ื•ื™ื“, ื•ืืœื• ืฉืขื™ืงืจ ืขื™ืกื•ืงื ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื”. ื•ื ืฉืžืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื”ืฆื“ื™ืง ืฉื™ื“ื•ืขื” ื’ื ื‘ืฉื ืžืฉื™ื— ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืื• ืžืฉื™ื— ื‘ืŸ ืืคืจื™ื, ื•ืืœื• ืฉืขื™ืงืจ ืขื™ืกื•ืงื ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื”. 'ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื' ืžืกืžืœืช ืืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช, ื•ืžืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื ืืžื•ืจื” ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืืœ ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ื•ืืœ 'ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”'. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ืฉื‘ืฉืžื™ื, ื”ืฆื“ ืฉืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื—ื›ืžื”, ืžืงืจื™ื‘ื™ื ื˜ืœื” ืœืฉื ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืฉืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืœื™ื”ื•ื“ื”, ื•ื”ื ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื ื‘ื•ืืช ื–ื›ืจื™ื” ื‘ืฉื "ื™ื•ึนืฉืึตื‘ ื™ึฐืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึทึดื". ืžืื™ื“ืš ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ืฉื‘ืฉืžื™ื, ื”ืฆื“ ืฉืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืขื•ืฉืจ, ืžืงืจื™ื‘ื™ื ื˜ืœื” ืœืฉื ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืฉืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืœืžืฉื™ื— ื‘ืŸ ืืคืจื™ื. ื”ืฉื 'ืืจื—ื•ืžื•' ืžืจืžื– ื‘ืฆืœื™ืœ ืฉืœื• ืœืžืฉื™ื— ื‘ืŸ ืืคืจื™ื, ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ (ื™ืจืžื™ื”ื• ืœื, ื™ื˜): "ื”ึฒื‘ึตืŸ ื™ึทืงึผึดื™ืจ ืœึดื™ ืึถืคึฐืจึทื™ึดื ืึดื ื™ึถืœึถื“ ืฉืึทืขึฒืฉืึปืขึดื™ื ื›ึผึดื™ึพืžึดื“ึผึตื™ ื“ึทื‘ึผึฐืจึดื™ ื‘ึผื•ึน ื–ึธื›ึนืจ ืึถื–ึฐื›ึผึฐืจึถื ึผื•ึผ ืขื•ึนื“ ืขึทืœึพื›ึผึตืŸ ื”ึธืžื•ึผ ืžึตืขึทื™ ืœื•ึน ืจึทื—ึตื ืึฒืจึทื—ึฒืžึถื ึผื•ึผ ื ึฐืึปืึพื”':". ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฆืื ื• ื‘ื™ืœืงื•ื˜ ืฉืžืขื•ื ื™ (ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื•, ืชืฆื˜): "... ืืคืจื™ื ืžืฉื™ื— ืฆื“ืงื ื•... ืืจื—ืžื ื• ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืฆื ืžื‘ื™ืช ื”ืืกื•ืจื™ืŸ". ื•ืจืžื–ื™ื ืืœื• ืžืชื‘ืืจื™ื ืฉื ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ, ื•ื›ื“ืœืงืžืŸ.

ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืขืœื”
ืžืื– ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ื—ื™ืœืง ืืช ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืœืฉืชื™ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื•ืช ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื ืŸ ืžืื‘ืง ืžื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฆื“ื™ืง, ื•ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช ืžื™ื”ื• ื”ืฆื“ื™ืง ื”ืืžื™ืชื™, ื•ืžื™ ื”ื•ื ื–ื” ืฉื ืžืฆื โ€“ ื‘ืืžืช ืœืืžืชื” - ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืขืœื”. ืžืื‘ืง ื–ื” ืžืจื•ืžื– ื‘ืกืชื™ืจื” ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืกืคืจ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืกืคืจ ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื‘ืฉืืœื” ืžื™ ืœื ื’ืจืฉ ืืช ื”ื™ื‘ื•ืกื™ ืžื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื•ื‘ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ื™ื‘ื•ืกื™ ืžื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื“ื•ื“ 5 .

ืžื ื—ื ื•ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื• ืฉืขื–ื‘ื• ืืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ื•ื™ืฆืื• ืœ'ื—ื•ืฅ' ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžืœืš - ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ ื ืฉืžื•ืชื™ื”ื ื”ื ืžื™ื•ืกืฃ ื”ืฆื“ื™ืง. ื”ื ื™ืฆืื• ืœื‘ื•ืฉื™ 'ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ื–ื”ื‘' ื•ื”ืžืกืคืจ ืฉืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ืื•ืชื ื”ื•ื 'ืฉืžื•ื ื”' ('ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืžืื•ืช', ืื• 'ืฉืžื•ื ื™ื' ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื), ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืžืกืคืจ ื–ื” ืžืกืžืœ ืืช ืฉืžื•ื ืช ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ื”ื–ื”ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ืฉื”ื ืืžื ื ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ืงื•ื“ืฉ, ืืš ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ื•ืื™ื ื• ืจืฉืื™ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืขื™ืžื ืืœ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืคื ื™ืžื”. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืœื—ื•ืฅ ื‘ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ืžืคื•ืืจื™ื ืžืกืžืœืช ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืฉื™ื— ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžืฆืื ื• ื‘ืžืœื›ื™ื (ื ื™ื, ื›ื˜): "...ื•ึฐื™ึธืจึธื‘ึฐืขึธื ื™ึธืฆึธื ืžึดื™ืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึธึดื ื•ึทื™ึผึดืžึฐืฆึธื ืึนืชื•ึน ืึฒื—ึดื™ึผึธื” ื”ึทืฉึผืึดื™ืœึนื ึดื™ ื”ึทื ึผึธื‘ึดื™ื ื‘ึผึทื“ึผึถืจึถืšึฐ ื•ึฐื”ื•ึผื ืžึดืชึฐื›ึผึทืกึผึถื” ื‘ึผึฐืฉื‚ึทืœึฐืžึธื” ื—ึฒื“ึธืฉืึธื”...".

ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื”ืœืœ ืžืกืžืœื™ื ื‘ืžืขืฉื” ืืช ืืœื• ืฉื ืฉืืจื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ื•ื ืงื˜ื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘'ืชืคืงื™ื“' ืฉืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืขื™ืกื•ืงื™ื ื’ืฉืžื™ื ื›ืžื• ืื ืฉื™ ืžืœื—ืžื” ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื”. ื”ื ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื• ืืœ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ืžื ื—ื ืฉื™ืฆืื• ืœื—ื•ืฅ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืœ'ื’ื•ื™ื™ื', ื•ืœื›ืš ืžืจืžื– ื’ื ืฆืœื™ืœ ื”ืฉื 'ืืจื—ื•ืžื•'. ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ื”ื•ื ืžืจืžื– ืœ'ืืจื—ืžื ื•' ื•ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ืžืฉื™ื— ื‘ืŸ ืืคืจื™ื, ืืš ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืฆืœื™ืœ ืฉืœื• ืžืจืžื– ืœืฉื ืฉืœ ื’ื•ื™ื™ื. ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื”ืœืœ ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื• ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ืžื ื—ื ื’ื ื›ืžื• ืœ'ืžืชื™ื'. ื•ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉ"ื›ึผึทืžึผึทื™ึดื ื”ึทืคึผึธื ึดื™ื ืœึทืคึผึธื ึดื™ื ื›ึผึตืŸ ืœึตื‘ึพื”ึธืึธื“ึธื ืœึธืึธื“ึธื", ื’ื ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ืžื ื—ื ื”ืฉื™ื‘ื• ื™ื—ืก ืฉื›ื–ื” ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื”ืœืœ ืฉื ืฉืืจื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ื•ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื• ืืœื™ื”ื - ื›ืžื• ืœ'ืžืชื™ื' 6 .

ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ืžืจื•ืžื– ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืขืœ 'ื—ื ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ืžื˜ืจื•ืŸ' ืฉ'ื‘ืขื˜ ื‘ื•' ื‘'ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”' ืื—ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืžื ื—ื ื•'ื”ืจื’ื•'. ื”ืฆืœื™ืœ ืฉืœ 'ื—ื ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ืžื˜ืจื•ืŸ' ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื—ื ื•ืš ื•ืืช ืžื˜ื˜ืจื•ืŸ, ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืœืืš ื‘ืฉืžื™ื ืฉืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ืืช ืขื™ืกื•ืงื™ื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื™ื— ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ 7 , ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉืจ ืฆื‘ื ื”' ืฉื‘ื ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ื•ืช 8 . ื”'ื‘ืขื™ื˜ื”' ืžืกืžืœืช ื™ื—ืก ืฉืœ ื‘ื•ื–. ื›ืืฉืจ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื”ืœืœ ืฉืฉื•ืจืฉื ื‘ืžืฉื™ื— ื‘ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื–ื™ื ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ืžื ื—ื (ืฉืฉื•ืจืฉื ื‘ืžืฉื™ื— ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ) ื•ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืืœื™ื”ื ื›ืžื• ืœ'ืžืชื™ื', ื’ื ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืขืœื” ื ื•ืฆืจืช ืžืจื™ื‘ื”. ื•ื—ื ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ืžื˜ืจื•ืŸ (ืฉืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ืืช ืžืฉื™ื— ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ) ื‘ื ื•ื‘ื•ืขื˜ ื‘ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” (ืžืฉื™ื— ื‘ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”) ื•ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืืœื™ื• ื›ืžื• ืœ'ื”ืจื•ื’'. ืžืฉื™ื— ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ืžืฉื™ื— ื‘ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื”ื 'ืื—ื™ื', ื•ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื 'ืื”ื‘ืช ืื—ื™ื'. ืืš 'ืžื ื—ื' 9 ื ืฆื™ื’ื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื™ื— ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ (ื—ื ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ืžื˜ืจื•ืŸ) ื‘ื•ืขื˜ ื‘ื• ื‘ื‘ื•ื– ื‘'ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”' ืื—ื™ื• ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ 'ื”ื•ืจื’ื•'.

'ื”ืจื™ื’ื”' ืกืžืœื™ืช ื–ื• ื’ื•ืจืจืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ื ื’ื“ื™ืช โ€“ "ื•ืขืœื” ืืœืขื–ืจ ื•ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืขืžื• ื•ื—ืชื›ื• ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช". ืืœืขื–ืจ ื•ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ื™ื ืืช ืืœื• ืฉื ืฉืืจื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ื•ื”ื ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ ืžืฉื™ื— ื‘ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”. ื•ื”ื ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ 'ื”ื•ืจื’ื™ื' ืืช ืžืฉื™ื— ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื—ื•ืชื›ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืœ'ืžื ื•ืช ืžื ื•ืช' 10 . ื”ืจื™ื’ื” ืฉื›ื–ื• ืžืกืžืœืช ื‘ื•ื– ื’ืžื•ืจ ื•ืœืคื™ื• ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืงื‘ื•ืจ 'ื”ืจื•ื’' ื–ื”. ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžืฆืื ื• ื‘ืฉืžื•ืืœ (ื ื˜ื•, ืœื’): "ื•ึทื™ึฐืฉืึทืกึผึตืฃ ืฉืึฐืžื•ึผืึตืœ ืึถืชึพืึฒื’ึธื’ ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ื”' ื‘ึผึทื’ึผึดืœึฐื’ึผึธืœ", ื•ื—ื–"ืœ ืžื‘ืืจื™ื (ืื™ื›ื” ืจื‘ื” ื’,ืช): "ื"ืจ ืื‘ื ื‘ืจ ื›ื”ื ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืžื—ืชืš ื‘ื‘ืฉืจื• ื—ืชื™ื›ื•ืช ื—ืชื™ื›ื•ืช ื•ืžืื›ื™ืœ ืœื ืขืžื™ื•ืช". ื•ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื–ื•ื˜ื ืžืžืฉื™ืš ื•ืžืชืืจ ืฉื ืืช ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ื“ื™ืžื•ื™ื™ื ืžื ื‘ื•ืืช ื–ื›ืจื™ื”.

'ืืœืขื–ืจ ื•ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื' ืžื•ื–ื›ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจืžื– ืฉืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื–ื• ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ืžื ื—ื ื•ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื”ืœืœ ื”ื™ื ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืงื“ื•ืžื”, ื•ืฉื•ืจืฉื” ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืืœืขื–ืจ ื‘ืŸ ืื”ืจื•ืŸ ื•ืฉื‘ื˜ ืœื•ื™ ('ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื') ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืืจ ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื”ื ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”. ื”ืขืžืงื” ื‘ืคืจืฉื™ื” ื–ื• ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืกืžืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžื ื”ื’ื™ ื”ืื‘ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ืจื‘ื™ ืขืงื™ื‘ื (ืื• ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื”ืœืœ ื•ืฉืžืื™), ื•ืžื ื”ื’ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉื ืขืฉื” ื›ื–ื›ืจ ืœ'ืงื‘ื•ืจืชื', ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื™ืชื‘ืืจ ื‘ืžืืžืจ ื”ื‘ื.




^ 1.ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืจื•ืžื– ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ (ื—ื’ื™ื’ื” ืค"ื‘ ื”"ื‘): "ื™ืฆื ื”ื•ื ื•ืฉืžื•ื ื™ื ื–ื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืžืœื•ื‘ืฉื™ืŸ ืชื™ืจืงื™ ื–ื”ื‘, ืฉื”ืฉื—ื™ืจื• ืคื ื™ื”ืŸ ื›ืฉื•ืœื™ ืงื“ื™ืจื” ืฉืืžืจื• ืœื”ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ื• ืขืœ ืงืจืŸ ืฉื•ืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื›ื ื—ืœืง ื‘ื-ืœื”ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ".
^ 2.ืขืœ ืคื™ ื’ืจืกืช ืœื™ื‘ืจืžืŸ ืžื•ื‘ืืช ื’ื ื‘ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืขื™ืจ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื‘ืžืืžืจื• ืฉืœ ืงืจื•ื™ืก ืขืžื•ื“ 79
^ 3.ื’ืจืกืช ืื’ื“ืช ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื, ืฉื›ื˜ืจ.
^ 4.ื’ืจืกืช ืœื™ื‘ืจืžืŸ.
^ 5.ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ืชื‘ืืจ ื‘ืžืืžืจ "ืžื™ ื”ืชืจืฉืœ ื‘ื’ืจื•ืฉ ื”ื™ื‘ื•ืกื™". ื•ื‘ืžืืžืจ "ื“ื•ื™ื“ ื•ื’ืจื•ืฉ ื”ื™ื‘ื•ืกื™"..
^ 6.ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืฉืงืคืช ืขื•ืœื ืฉื›ื–ื• ืžืจื•ืžื–ืช ื‘ืžืขืฉื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืฉืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื”ืœืœ ื•ืฉืžืื™, ื•ืฉื•ืจืฉื” ืžืจื•ืžื– ื‘ืชื "ืš, ื•ืขื™ืงืจื™ื” ื”ืชื‘ืืจื• ื‘ืžืืžืจ ""ืฉืžื—ื” ื•ืขืฆื‘ ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื‘ื’ื™ื ืžืœื—"".
^ 7.ื•ื–"ืœ ื”ืฉืœ"ื” (ืคืจืฉื•ืช ื•ื™ืฉื‘-ืžืงืฅ-ื•ื™ื’ืฉ ืชื•ืจื” ืื•ืจ): "ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืคืจื“ืก (ืฉืขืจ ืœ' ืค"ื—) ...ืฆื•ืจืช ื™ืขืงื‘ ื—ืงื•ืงื” ื‘ื›ืกื ืฉื”ื•ื ืœืžื˜ื” ืžื”ืืฆื™ืœื•ืช, ื•ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืชื—ืช ืื‘ื™ื• ื‘ืžื˜ื˜ืจื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืœืžื˜ื” ืžื”ื›ืกื".
^ 8.ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืชื™ืงื•ื ื™ ื–ื•ื”ืจ (ื”ืงื“ืžื” ื“ืฃ ื™ื“, ื‘) ื•ื‘ืืœืฉื™ืš (ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื”, ื™ื“).
^ 9., ื•ืฉืžื• 'ืžื ื—ื' ืžืจืžื– ืขืœ ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ืžืชืื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช 'ืžืฉื™ื—'.
^ 10.ื’ืจืกืช ืœื™ื‘ืจืžืŸ
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il