ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืžืฉื ื” ื•ื’ืžืจื
  • ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ
  • ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
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7 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืžืฉื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืžืกื›ืช, ื”ืืฉื” ื ืงื ื™ืช ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื“ืจื›ื™ื: ื‘ื›ืกืฃ, ื‘ืฉื˜ืจ ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ืื”. ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืกืฃ ื ื—ืœืงื• ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืžื”ื•ืชื• ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืชืœื•ืช ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืชื ื ืคืงื ืžื™ื ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช.
ื”ืกืž"ืข (ืงืฆ ืก"ืง ื) ืกื•ื‘ืจ ืฉืžื”ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืกืฃ ื”ื•ื ืชืžื•ืจื”, ื•ื‘ืœืฉื•ื ื• โ€“ "ื“ืžื™ ืฉื™ื•ื•ื™ ื”ืฉื“ื”", ื•ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื›ืš ื”ืฉืœื›ื” ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืฉื”ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืขื™ืœ ืจืง ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉื”ื›ืกืฃ ืื›ืŸ ืžืฉืžืฉ ื›ืชืžื•ืจื” ืœื—ืคืฅ ื”ื ืงื ื”, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื—ืคืฅ ืฉื•ื•ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืกื›ื•ื ื–ื” ืื• ืฉื–ืงืฃ ืขืœื™ื• ืืช ืฉืืจ ื”ื—ื•ื‘ ื‘ืžืœื•ื•ื”, ืืš ืื ืงื‘ืขื• ืฉื”ื›ืกืฃ ื”ื ื™ืชืŸ ื›ืขืช ืœื ื™ืฉืžืฉ ื›ืชืžื•ืจื” ืœื—ืคืฅ ืืœื ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžื” ืฉื ื•ืชืŸ ื›ืขืช ื”ื•ื ื™ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืžืœื•ื ื”ืกื›ื•ื, ื•ื ืชื™ื ืช ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื ืขืฉื™ืช ื›ืขืช ืจืง ื›ืคืขื•ืœื” ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช ื›ืžื• ืฉืืจ ืžืขืฉื™ ื”ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื ืžืขืฉื” ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ืžื• ื”ื’ื‘ื”ื” ืื• ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืงื ื” ืืช ื”ื—ืคืฅ โ€“ ืœื ื™ื•ืขื™ืœ ื•ื”ื—ืคืฅ ืœื ื™ื™ืงื ื” ืœื•. ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืœืคื™ ื“ืจืš ื–ื• ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืงื ื•ืช ืžืชื ื” ื‘ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืกืฃ ืืœื ืื ื™ื’ื“ื™ืจื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ื–ื• ืžืชื ื” ื’ืžื•ืจื” ืืœื ื”ื ื•ืชืŸ ืžื•ื›ืจ ืชืžื•ืจืช ืžืขื•ืช ืžื•ืขื˜ื•ืช.
ื”ื˜"ื– (ืก"ืง ื) ื—ื•ืœืง ื•ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืฉืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืกืฃ ื”ื•ื ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืงื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื”ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื•ื ืขืฆื ื”ืžืขืฉื” ื•ืžื•ืขื™ืœ ืืฃ ื›ืฉืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ืชืžื•ืจื” ื•ืฉื™ื•ื•ื™. ืœืฉื™ื˜ืชื• ืžื”ื•ืช ื”ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืขืฆื ืคืขื•ืœืช ื”ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืžืขืฉื” ืฉื™ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืืช ืฉืขืช ืžืขื‘ืจ ื”ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืื• ืฉื™ื•ื›ื™ื— ืืช ื’ืžื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื“ืขืช ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื ืงื‘ืขื” ืคืขื•ืœื” ื–ื• ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื• ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืืคืฉืจื™ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื‘ื”ื” ื•ืžืฉื™ื›ื”. ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื™ื ืœืฉื™ื˜ืชื• ืฉืชื™ ื”ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช. ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืž"ื ื‘ืกืขื™ืฃ ื™. ื”ืจืž"ื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื‘ืงื ื™ื™ืช ื”ืฉื“ื” ืœื ื ืชืŸ ืœื• ืืช ื”ืžืขื•ืช ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืืœื ืจืง ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ืขื™ืจื‘ื•ืŸ ื•ืืžืจ "ืขืจื‘ื•ื ื™ ื™ืงื•ืŸ" ืงื ื”, ื•ื™ืชื™ืจื” ืžื–ื•, ืื ืคื™ืจืฉ ืฉื™ืงื ื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื“ื” ืืฃ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืกื›ื•ื ื”ืžืขื•ืช ืงื ื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื“ื”.
ื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื™ื ืžื›ืš ืฉืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืกืฃ ืžื•ืขื™ืœ ื’ื ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ ืืฉื”, ื•ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžืกื‘ืจื ืฉื‘ืืฉื” ื”ื•ื ืงื•ื ื” ืื•ืชื” ื“ืจืš ื ืชื™ื ื” ืœื—ื•ื“ ื•ืœื ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ืฉื™ื•ื•ื™ ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืฉื•ื•ื”. ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื—ืœืง ืฉื‘ืืฉื” ื–ื” ืกื•ื’ ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืจื™ ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื’ืžืจื ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ืœืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ ืืฉื” ื”ื•ื ืžื”ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืขืจืช ื”ืžื›ืคืœื” ืžืขืคืจื•ืŸ.
ื”ืื‘ื ื™ ืžื™ืœื•ืื™ื (ื›ื˜ ืก"ืง ื‘) ื“ื•ื—ื” ืืช ืงื•ืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื˜"ื– ืžืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ ืืฉื” ืฉืื›ืŸ ื’ื ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœืชืžื•ืจื”, ื•ืื ืžืกื›ื™ืžื” ืœื”ืชืงื“ืฉ ื‘ืคืจื•ื˜ื” ื–ื”ื• ื”ืฉื™ื•ื•ื™ ื•ืื ืกื™ื›ืžื• ืขืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืœื ืฉื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืžื‘ื™ื ืœื” ืคืจื•ื˜ื” ื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืชืช ืœื” ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืคื™ืจืขื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ืฉื™ื•ื•ื™ ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืžืงื•ื“ืฉืช ืœื• ื•ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื™ืฉืœื™ื, ื›ืžื• ื‘ืงื•ื ื” ืฉื“ื”.
ืขืœ ืคื™ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืžื™ื™ืฉื‘ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืก' ืจื™"ื“. ื”ื’ืžืจื ื‘ื“ืฃ ื’ ืข"ื ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉืืฉื” ืื™ื ื” ื ืงื ื™ืช ื‘ื—ืœื™ืคื™ืŸ. ื”ืชื•ืก' ืจื™"ื“ (ื“"ื” ืœืžืขื•ื˜ื™ ื—ืœื™ืคื™ืŸ) ืžืงืฉื” ืžื“ื•ืข ืฉืœื ื™ื•ืขื™ืœ ืžืชื•ืจืช ื›ืกืฃ, ื”ืจื™ ืจื‘ ืืฉื™ ืกื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื ื“ืจื™ื ืžื— ืข"ื‘ ืฉืžืฆื“ ื”ืืžืช ื”ืกื•ื“ืจ ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœืžื•ื›ืจ ื•ืื ืจื•ืฆื” ืจืฉืื™ ืœืขื›ื‘ื• ื‘ื™ื“ื• (ื”ืชื•ืก' ืจื™"ื“ ืกื•ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ืœื›ื” ื›ืžื•ืชื• ื•ืœื ื›ืจื‘ ื ื—ืžืŸ ืฉื), ื•ืื ื›ืŸ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื”ืืฉื” ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ืฉื•ื•ื” ืคืจื•ื˜ื”, ื•ื’ื ืื ืžื—ื–ื™ืจื” ืืช ื”ืกื•ื“ืจ ื”ื™ื ืขื•ืฉื” ื›ืŸ ืžืจืฆื•ื ื”. ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืขืžื™ื“ ืืช ื”ื’ืžืจื ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉื”ืกื›ื™ืžื” ืœื”ืชืงื“ืฉ ืชืžื•ืจืช ืžื ื” ืืœื ืฉืžืขืฉื” ื”ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืกื•ื“ืจ. ื”ืื‘ื ื™ ืžื™ืœื•ืื™ื ืžืงืฉื” ืžื” ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ื”ืจื™ ื’ื ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื–ื” ืกื•ืฃ ืกื•ืฃ ื›ืขืช ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ืฉื•ื•ื” ืคืจื•ื˜ื” ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืžืงืจื” ืฉื”ืกื›ื™ืžื” ืœื”ืชืงื“ืฉ ื‘ืžื ื” ื•ืงื™ื“ืฉื” ื‘ื“ื™ื ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืงื•ื“ืฉืช ื•ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ืฉืืจ ื”ืกื›ื•ื. ื•ืžืชืจืฅ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืกืž"ืข, ืฉื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื›ืกืฃ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ืฉื™ื•ื•ื™, ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื›ืืฉืจ ื ืชืจืฆืชื” ืœื”ืชืงื“ืฉ ื‘ื—ืœื™ืคื™ืŸ ื”ืกื•ื“ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืกืฃ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ืฉื™ื•ื•ื™, ืืš ื›ืฉืกื•ื›ื ืฉืชืชืงื“ืฉ ื‘ืžื ื”, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื”ืกื•ื“ืจ ืื™ื ื• ื ื™ืชืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืคื™ืจืขื•ืŸ ืืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืจืง ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืชืช ืœื” ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžื ื”, ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ืขื™ืœ ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืกืฃ.
ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงืฉื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืš ืžื”ืชื•ืก' ืจื™"ื“ ื‘ื“ืฃ ื™ื’ ืข"ื (ื“"ื” ื›ื“ืชื ื™ื) ื”ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืชืช ืฉื“ื” ื‘ืžืชื ื” ืœื—ื‘ืจื• ื•ืื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืข ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืฉื˜ืจ ื•ื’ื ื”ื™ื” ื”ืฉื“ื” ืจื—ื•ืง ืžืžื ื• ื•ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ื‘ื• ื•ื™ืจื ืฉืžื ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื• โ€“ ืžืงื‘ืœ ืžืžื ื• ืคืจื•ื˜ื” ื•ืื•ืžืจ ืœื• ื”ืจื™ ืฉื“ื™ ืงื ื•ื™ื” ืœืš ื‘ืคืจื•ื˜ื” ื–ื•. ืžื•ื›ื— ืฉืœื“ืขืชื• ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืกืฃ ืžื•ืขื™ืœ ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืžืชื ื” ื›ื“ืขืช ื”ื˜"ื–, ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ื”ืžื ื—ืช ืืฉืจ (ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืกื•ืฃ ืกื™ืžืŸ ื”). ื•ื ืจืื” ืœื™ื™ืฉื‘ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ื›ืจื— ืฉืกื•ื‘ืจ ื›ื˜"ื–, ื•ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืฉืื ืื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืข ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืฉื˜ืจ ื™ืžื›ื•ืจ ืœื• ืืช ื”ืฉื“ื” ืชืžื•ืจืช ืคืจื•ื˜ื” ื•ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ ืœื ื™ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืœื• ืืช ื”ืคืจื•ื˜ื” ื•ืื– ื”ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ืžืชื ื” ืืœื ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ืžื›ืจ ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ื”ืคืจื•ื˜ื” ืชื™ื ืชืŸ ื›ืชืžื•ืจื” ื•ืœื ืจืง ื›ืžืขืฉื” ืงื ื™ื™ื ื™.
ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืื–ืœ (ืžื›ื™ืจื” ื, ื“) ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืฉืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืกืž"ืข ื•ื”ื˜"ื– ื”ื™ื ืžื—ืœื•ืงืชื ืฉืœ ืจืฉ"ื™ ื•ืชื•ืก' ื‘ื‘ื‘ื ืžืฆื™ืขื (ืžื— ืข"ื‘). ืจืฉ"ื™ (ื“"ื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ) ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืื ื ืชืŸ ืœื• ืขื™ืจื‘ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืคื™ืจืขื•ืŸ ืืœื ืืžืจ ืœื• "ืขืจื‘ื•ื ื™ ื™ืงื ื”", ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืฉืขืจื‘ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ื™ืงื ื” ืืช ื”ื›ืœ โ€“ ืœื ืžื•ืขื™ืœ. ื• ื”ืชื•ืก' (ื“"ื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ) ืชืžื”ื™ื ื•ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื“ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื–ื” ื•ื“ืื™ ืžื•ืขื™ืœ ืœืงื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฉื“ื” ื•ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืžืžืงืจื” ืฉื ื•ืชืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืคื™ืจืขื•ืŸ. ื•ื‘ื“ืขืช ื”ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ืžื•ืขื™ืœ ื›ื™ ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืกืฃ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ืชืžื•ืจื”, ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืœืง ืขืœ ื”ืื‘ื ื™ ืžื™ืœื•ืื™ื ื•ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืฉื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ืงื ื™ื™ืช ืงืจืงืข ืืš ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ ืืฉื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืฉื™ื•ื•ื™ ื•ืชืžื•ืจื”, ื•ืœื ืงืฉื” ื”ื•ื›ื—ืช ื”ืื‘ื ื™ ืžื™ืœื•ืื™ื ืžื›ืš ืฉืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ ื›ืกืฃ ื ืœืžื“ื™ื ืžืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืกืฃ ืฉืœ ืขืคืจื•ืŸ, ื›ื™ ืจืง ืœืžื“ื ื• ืฉืงื™ื—ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื” ื‘ื›ืกืฃ ืืš ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืกืฃ ื•ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ ื›ืกืฃ ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืื•ืคืŸ, ืืœื ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžื”ื•ืช ื•ืืช ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื• 1 .

ืžื”ื•ืช ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ
ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื 'ืžื”ื•ืช ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ' ืจืื™ื ื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื”ื ื—ืœื•ืช ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื•ื™ืฉ ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื‘ืขืœ ื’ื ืงื•ื ื” ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืžื•ื ื™ ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืืฉื”, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉืงื•ื ื” ืืช ื”ืืฉื” ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืฉื•ืช. ืื ื ืืžืจ ืฉื–ื•ื”ื™ ื—ืœื•ืช ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื›ืจื—ื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ื›ื˜"ื– ืื• ื›ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืื–ืœ, ืฉืœื›ืœ ื”ืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉื”ืžื”ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ ื›ืกืฃ ืื™ื ื” ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืชืžื•ืจื”. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช ืœืคื™ ื”ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืžื•ื ื™ ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืžื”ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืชืžื•ืจื”. ื•ื‘ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื–ื”ื• ืฉื•ืจืฉ ืžื—ืœื•ืงืชื ืฉืœ ื”ืื‘ื ื™ ืžื™ืœื•ืื™ื ื•ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืื–ืœ, ืฉื”ืื‘ื ื™ ืžื™ืœื•ืื™ื ืกื‘ืจ ืฉืฉื™ื™ืš "ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืช" ื‘ืืฉื” ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืžื•ื ื™ ื•ืื™ืœื• ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืื–ืœ ืฉืžื™ืืŸ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื–ืืช ื•ืกื‘ืจ ืฉื’ื ืื ื‘ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืกืฃ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ ืืฉื” ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ื›ืš, ื•ื“ืื™ ืกื‘ืจ ืฉื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืžื•ื ื™.
ืืš ืฆืจื™ืš ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื›ื™ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช 'ืžื”ื•ืช ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ' ืจืื™ื ื• ืฉืœื“ืขืช ื”ืื‘ื ื™ ืžื™ืœื•ืื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืžื•ื ื™ ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื•ืื™ืœื• ื›ืืŸ ื”ื•ื ืกื•ื‘ืจ ืฉื’ื ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ ื›ืกืฃ ื”ื ืžื˜ืขื ืชืžื•ืจื”.

ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื‘ืฉื˜ืจ ื—ื•ื‘ ื•ืžื—ืœ
ื›ืืฉืจ ืื“ื ืžื•ื›ืจ ืฉื˜ืจ ื—ื•ื‘ ื•ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื•ืžื•ื—ืœ ืขืœื™ื• ื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืœื ืœืœื•ืงื— ืžื“ื™ื ื ื“ื’ืจืžื™ ืืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื›ืกืฃ ืฉืฉื™ืœื. ื”ืจื"ืฉ ื‘ื‘ื‘ื ืžืฆื™ืขื (ื, ืžื—) ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื–ื” ืฉืื“ื ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ืืฉื” ื‘ืฉื˜ืจ ื—ื•ื‘ ื•ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื•ืžื•ื—ืœ ืขืœื™ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืœื ืœื” ืคืจื•ื˜ื”. ื”ืื‘ื ื™ ืžื™ืœื•ืื™ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื— ืžื›ืš ืฉืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืกืฃ ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ื•ื•ื™, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืœืืฉื” ืืช ื”ืคืจื•ื˜ื”, ื›ื™ ืื ื• ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื ืชืงื“ืฉื” ืœื• ื›ืื™ืœื• ื ืชื ื” ืœื• ืฉื•ื•ื” ืคืจื•ื˜ื”, ื•ืื™ืœื• ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืื–ืœ ื“ื•ื—ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืœื”ืคืš โ€“ ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ืฉื™ื•ื•ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืชืช ืœื” ืืช ืžืœื•ื ื”ืกื›ื•ื ืฉื”ื™ื” ื”ืฉื˜ืจ ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ื™ืžื›ืจ ื‘ื• ื•ืœื ืจืง ืฉื•ื•ื” ืคืจื•ื˜ื”, ืืœื ื•ื“ืื™ ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื”ื•ื ืจืง ืœืžืขืฉื” ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื•ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืฉื•ื•ื” ืคืจื•ื˜ื” ื›ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืชืช ืœื” ื”ื•ื ืฉื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื“ืฉ ื‘ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ื•ื” ืคืจื•ื˜ื” ื”ื™ื ื•ื“ืื™ ื”ืคืกื™ื“ื” ืกื›ื•ื ื–ื”.

ื’ื“ืจ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจื•ื˜ื”
ื”ื’ืžืจื ื‘ื“ืฃ ื’ ืข"ื‘ ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉืื‘ ื–ื›ืื™ ื‘ื›ืกืฃ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ ื‘ืชื• ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ื•ื”ื ืขืจื”, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืื ืื“ื ืžืงื“ืฉื” ื‘ื›ืกืฃ โ€“ ื”ืื‘ ื–ื•ื›ื” ื‘ื›ืกืฃ. ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืฉื•ืืœ ืžื“ื•ืข ื–ื•ื›ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื›ืกืฃ ืฉื”ื‘ืขืœ ื ืชืŸ ืœื” ื”ืจื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื“ืฉ ืžืกืคื™ืง ืœืชืช ืคืจื•ื˜ื” ื•ืื ื›ืŸ ืจืง ื”ืคืจื•ื˜ื” ื ื™ืชื ืช ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื•ื”ืฉืืจ ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ืžืชื ื”, ื•ืžืกื™ืง ืžื›ืš ืฉืื‘ ื–ื›ืื™ ื’ื ื‘ืžืชื ื•ืช ืฉืžืงื‘ืœืช ื‘ืชื•.
ื”ื’ืจื–"ื  ื’ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจื’ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื (ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืงื“ื•ืžื™ื, 'ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืกืฃ' ืคืจืง ื‘ ืก"ืง ื‘) ืžื•ื›ื™ื— ืฉื”ืื‘ื ื™ ืžื™ืœื•ืื™ื ื—ื•ืœืง ื•ืกื•ื‘ืจ ืฉื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื ื•ืชืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืคืจื•ื˜ื” ื›ืœ ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื ื™ืชืŸ ื‘ืชืžื•ืจื”. ื”ื’ืžืจื ื‘ื ื“ืจื™ื ื• ืข"ื‘ ืžืกืชืคืงืช ืื ื™ืฉ ื™ื“ ืœืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ, ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ (ื‘ื“ืง ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืื”"ืข ืœื•, ื˜) ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœืื•ืจ ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืจ"ืŸ ืฉื ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืฉื ืชืŸ ืœืื—ืช ืฉืชื™ ืคืจื•ื˜ื•ืช ื•ืืžืจ ืœื” ื”ืจื™ ืืช ืžืงื•ื“ืฉืช ื•ืื– ืืžืจ ืœืฉื ื™ื” "ื•ืืช", ื•ืืžื ื ื‘ื‘ื‘ื ื‘ืชืจื ืงื›ื˜ ืข"ื‘ ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืฉื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื—ื–ืจื” ืžื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ืืš ื›ืืŸ ื”ื•ื ืœื ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืžืขืฆื ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืืœื ืžืคืจื•ื˜ื” ืื—ืช ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืฉืชื™ื™ื ืฉื ืชืŸ ื•ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื–ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ. ื”ืื‘ื ื™ ืžื™ืœื•ืื™ื (ืก"ืง ื•) ืžืงืฉื” ืฉื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื ืชืŸ ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืืช ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื›ื‘ืจ ื–ื›ืชื” ื‘ื›ื•ืœื•, ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืžืขืฆื ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื›ืš ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืžื›ืกืฃ ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ. ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ืกื•ื‘ืจ ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืฉืจืง ื”ืคืจื•ื˜ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ืœื›ืกืฃ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื•ื”ืฉืืจ ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ืžืชื ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืชืงืฉื” ืฉื”ืจื™ ืžืžืชื ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ืืœื ื•ื“ืื™ ืกื‘ืจ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื”ื™ื ื• ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ.
ื”ื’ืจื–"ื  ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉืžื—ืœื•ืงืชื ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ ื›ืกืฃ ืื ืžื”ื•ืช ื”ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืชืžื•ืจื” ืื• ืืžืฆืขื™ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ. ื”ืื‘ื ื™ ืžื™ืœื•ืื™ื ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืฉื™ื˜ืชื• ืฉื”ื›ืกืฃ ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœืชืžื•ืจื” ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืกื›ื•ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ื›ืชืžื•ืจื”, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืกื‘ืจ ื›ื˜"ื– ืื• ื›ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืื–ืœ ืฉื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ ื›ืกืฃ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื• ืชืžื•ืจื” ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืคืจื•ื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ืฆืข ืืช ืžืขืฉื” ื”ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื”ืฉืืจ ื ื™ืชืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ืžืชื ื”.
ื ืจืื” ืฉืชืœื™ื™ื” ื–ื• ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ืช ืจืง ืœืฆื“ ืื—ื“. ืื ื”ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืชืžื•ืจื” ืื›ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ, ืืš ืื ื”ื•ื ืืžืฆืขื™ ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืจืื” ืฉื’ื ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœื›ืกืฃ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื•ืœื ืœืžืชื ื”. ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืคื ื™ื ืœืคื™ ื–ื” ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืžื•ื›ืจื— ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื–ื” ืืžืฆืขื™ ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืœื ืชืžื•ืจื”, ื•ื”ืื‘ื ื™ ืžื™ืœื•ืื™ื ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืฉื–ื•ื”ื™ ืชืžื•ืจื” ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžื•ื›ืจื— ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื ื™ืชืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ.

ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืชืฉืœื•ื (ื›ืฉืกื•ื›ื) ื›ืฉืžืงื“ืฉื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืื”
ืขื•ื“ ืื•ืžืจืช ื”ื’ืžืจื ื‘ื“ืฃ ื’ ืข"ื‘ ืฉื”ืื‘ ื–ื›ืื™ ื’ื ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ ื‘ืชื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืื”, ื•ื ื—ืœืงื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ืกื‘ืจ ื”ื’ืžืจื. ืจืฉ"ื™ (ื“"ื” ื–ื›ืื™) ืžืคืจืฉ ืฉื–ื›ืื™ ืœืžื•ืกืจื” ื‘ืขืœ ื›ืจื—ื” ืœื‘ื™ืื” ืœืฉื ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ืชื•ืก' (ื“"ื” ื”ืื‘) ืžืคืจืฉื™ื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืฉื’ื ื›ืฉืžืชืงื“ืฉืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืื” ื•ืœื ื‘ื›ืกืฃ ื”ืื‘ ื–ื›ืื™ ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ืžื”ื‘ืขืœ ืฉื›ืจ ื›ืชืฉืœื•ื ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืžื•ืกืจื” ืœื• ืœืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ.
ื”ื’ืจื–"ื  ื’ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจื’ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื (ืฉื ืก"ืง ื’) ืœื•ืžื“ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ื•ื”ืชื•ืก' ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ื• ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืžื•ื ื™ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื‘ืขืœ ืงื•ื ื” ืืช ื”ืืฉื” ื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืœื ืชืžื•ืจืชื”, ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืื“ื ืงื•ื ื” ื—ืคืฅ ื‘ื”ื’ื‘ื”ื” ื‘ืจื’ืข ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ื“ืžื™ื ืฉืกื•ื›ืžื• ืชืžื•ืจืชื•, ื•ื›ืฉืžืงื“ืฉ ืงื˜ื ื” ืื‘ื™ื” ืžืงื‘ืœ ืชืžื•ืจื” ื–ื•. ื•ืชื•ืœื” ื”ื’ืจื–"ื  ืืช ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืจืฉ"ื™ ื•ื”ืชื•ืก' ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืื‘ื ื™ ืžื™ืœื•ืื™ื ื•ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืื–ืœ ืื ืฉื™ื™ืš 'ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืช' ื‘ืืฉื”, ืื• ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ืชื ืกื—ื ื• ืœืžืขืœื”, ืื ื™ืฉ ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืžื•ื ื™ ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืื• ืฉื–ื• ืจืง ื—ืœื•ืช ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ืช. ืจืฉ"ื™ ืœื ืื‘ื” ืœืคืจืฉ ื›ืชื•ืก' ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืกื‘ืจ ืฉื”ืืฉื” ืื™ื ื” ื›ื ื›ืก ืžืžื•ื ื™ ื•ืื™ืŸ ื–ื›ื•ืช ืžืžื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื’ื ืื ืกื•ื›ื ืฉื”ื‘ืขืœ ื™ืฉืœื ืœื”, ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ ื›ืชืžื•ืจื” ืœืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืืœื ื›ืชื ืื™ ื‘ืขืœืžื.
ื›ืคื™ ืฉื›ืชื‘ื ื• ืœืžืขืœื”, ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื‘ืžื”ื•ืช ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื•ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ ื›ืกืฃ ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ื–ื• ื‘ื–ื• ืจืง ืœืฆื“ ืื—ื“. ืœืคื™ ื–ื”, ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ื•ื”ืชื•ืก' ื”ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืžื•ื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืกื‘ื•ืจ ื›ื˜"ื– ืฉืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ ื›ืกืฃ ืื™ื ื ืžืฆื“ ืชืžื•ืจื”, ื•ื›ืฉื ืฉื”ื˜"ื– ืกื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืกืฃ ื‘ืงืจืงืขื•ืช ืื™ื ื• ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ืชืžื•ืจื”, ืืœื ืฉื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืœื ืกื‘ืจื• ื›ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืื–ืœ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื–ื›ื•ืช ืžืžื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ ืืฉื”.
ื ืจืื” 2 ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ื›ืจื— ื‘ืชืœื™ื™ืช ื”ื’ืจื–"ื  ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื’ื ืœืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืชื•ืก' ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืžื•ื ื™, ื•ื”ืชืžื•ืจื” ื”ืžืžื•ื ื™ืช ื›ืืŸ ืื™ื ื” ื‘ืชืžื•ืจื” ืœืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืืœื ืœื–ื›ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื‘ ืœืงื“ืฉื” ืœืžื™ ืฉืจื•ืฆื”. ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ืœืื‘ ืขื•ืžื“ืช ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœืงื“ืฉื” ืœืžื™ ืฉืจื•ืฆื”, ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื ืฆืœ ื–ืืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ื›ืกืฃ ืžื—ืชืŸ ื”ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉื”ืื‘ ื™ืชืจืฆื” ืœืชื™ืชื” ืœื•. ืœื›ืŸ ืื ืกื•ื›ื ืœืžื•ืกืจื” ืœื—ืชืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื ืœืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ ื‘ื™ืื” ืฉื›ืจ ื ืชื™ื ืชื” ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืœื• ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืื‘ื™ื”.




^ 1.ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืขื™ืจ ืฉื”ืื‘ื ื™ ืžื™ืœื•ืื™ื ืขืฆืžื• (ื›ื— ืก"ืง ื˜ื–) ื”ืขื™ืจ ืฉืืžื ื ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ ื›ืกืฃ ื ืœืžื“ื™ื ืžืขืคืจื•ืŸ ืืš ืžื›ื™ืจืช ืงืจืงืขื•ืช ื‘ื›ืกืฃ ื ืœืžื“ืช ืž"ื‘ื›ืกืฃ ื™ืงื ื• ืฉื“ื•ืช" ื•ืœื ืžืขืคืจื•ืŸ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืžื›ืš ืžืงื•ืจ ืœืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืœื•ื•ื” ืœื ื—ืœื™ื ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืืš ืžื›ืจ ื‘ืžืœื•ื•ื” ื›ืŸ ื—ืœ, ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืคืกื•ืœ ื ืœืžื“ ืžืขืคืจื•ืŸ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืœืžื›ืจ ืืœื ืจืง ืœืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ.
^ 2.ืฉื™ืœื” ืฉื˜ื™ื ืžืฅ
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il