ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืžื“ื•ืจื™ื
  • ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ื™ืš
  • ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ืš - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
  • ืคืจืฉืช ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื•ืชื "ืš
  • ื—ื•ืžืฉ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ
  • ืงืจื—
undefined
15 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื” โ€ข 61 ื“ืง' ืฆืคื™ื”

ืžืขืœื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ืงืจื—



ื•ึฐืงึนืจึทื— ืฉืึถืคึผึดืงึผึตื—ึท ื”ึธื™ึธื” ืžึธื” ืจึธืึธื” ืœึดืฉืึฐื˜ื•ึผืช ื”ึทื–ึผื•ึน?



ืงืจื— ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื›ืฉืจ ืžืื•ื“. ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ื›ื•ื— ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื—ื–ืง ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืขื“ ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื›ื ืก ืืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ื•ืœื• ื ื’ื“ ืžืฉื”. ืขืœ ื”ื›ื™ืฉืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ืืคืฉืจ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉืฉื•ืืœ "ื•ึฐืงึนืจึทื— ืฉืึถืคึผึดืงึผึตื—ึท ื”ึธื™ึธื” ืžึธื” ืจึธืึธื” ืœึดืฉืึฐื˜ื•ึผืช ื”ึทื–ึผื•ึน? ืึถืœึผึธื ืขึตื™ื ื•ึน ื”ึทื˜ึผึทืขึฒืชื•ึน. ืจึฐืึตื” ืฉืึทืœึฐืฉืึถืœึถืช ื’ึผึฐื“ื•ึนืœึธื” ืขื•ึนืžึถื“ึถืช ื”ึตื™ืžึถื ึผื•ึผ, ืฉืึฐืžื•ึผืึตืœ ืฉืึถืฉึผืึธืงื•ึผืœ ื›ึผึฐืžึนืฉืึถื” ื•ึฐืึทื”ึฒืจึนืŸ ืฉืึถื ึผึถืึฑืžึทืจ (ืชึผึฐื”ึดืœึผึดื™ื ืฆื˜) 'ืžึนืฉืึถื” ื•ึฐืึทื”ึฒืจึนืŸ ื‘ึผึฐื›ึนื”ึฒื ึธื™ื• ื•ึผืฉืึฐืžื•ึผืึตืœ ื‘ึผึฐืงึนืจึฐืึตื™ ืฉืึฐืžื•ึน'. ืขึถืฉื‚ึฐืจึดื™ื ื•ึฐืึทืจึฐื‘ึผึธืขึธื” ืžึดืฉืึฐืžึธืจื•ึนืช ืขื•ึนืžึฐื“ื•ึนืช ืžึดื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ื‘ึผึธื ึธื™ื• ืฉืึถื›ึผึปืœึผึธื ืžึดืชึฐื ึทื‘ึผึฐืึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐืจื•ึผื—ึท ื”ึทืงึผึนื“ึถืฉื (ื“"ื” ื ื›ึผึนื”) 'ื›ึผึธืœ ืึตืœึผึถื” ื‘ึธื ึดื™ื ืœึฐื”ึตื™ืžึธืŸ' ืึธืžึทืจ ืึถืคึฐืฉืึธืจ ื”ึทื’ึผึฐื“ื•ึนืœึธื” ื”ึทื–ึผื•ึน ืขึฒืชึดื™ื“ึธื” ืœึทืขึฒืžึนื“ ืžึดืžึผึถื ึผึดื™ ื•ึทืึฒื ึดื™ ืึตื“ึผึนื? ื•ึฐืœึนื ืจึธืึธื” ื™ึธืคึถื” ืœึฐืคึดื™ ืฉืึถื‘ึผึธื ึธื™ื• ืขึธืฉื‚ื•ึผ ืชึผึฐืฉืื•ึผื‘ึธื” ื•ึฐืขื•ึนืžึฐื“ึดื™ืŸ ืžึตื”ึถืŸ, ื•ึผืžึนืฉืึถื” ื”ึธื™ึธื” ืจื•ึนืึถื”" (ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื— ื—).


ืขืœ ืืฃ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืขืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงืจื— โ€“ ืขืฉื™ืจ, ืคื™ืงื—, ื‘ืขืœ ื›ื•ื— ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื•ื‘ืขืœ ืจื•ื— ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ โ€“ ืขื™ื ื• ื”ื˜ืขืชื” ืื•ืชื• ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืื™ื ื˜ืจืก, ืœืขื•ืžืช ืžืฉื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ื ืงื™ ืžืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ื ื–ืจื™ื ื•ืœื ืœืงื— ืžื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื ืื”:  "ืœึนื ื—ึฒืžื•ึนืจ ืึถื—ึธื“ ืžึตื”ึถื ื ึธืฉื‚ึธืืชึดื™ ื•ึฐืœึนื ื”ึฒืจึตืขึนืชึดื™ ืึถืช ืึทื—ึทื“ ืžึตื”ึถื" (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื˜ื–, ื˜ื•). ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืงืจื— ื ื–ื”ืจ ืžื ื’ื™ืขื•ืช ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืžืฉื” "ืึถืช ืฉืื•ึนืจ ืžึดื™ ืœึธืงึทื—ึฐืชึผึดื™ ื•ึทื—ึฒืžื•ึนืจ ืžึดื™ ืœึธืงึทื—ึฐืชึผึดื™, ื•ึฐืึถืช ืžึดื™ ืขึธืฉืึทืงึฐืชึผึดื™ ืึถืช ืžึดื™ ืจึทืฆึผื•ึนืชึดื™, ื•ึผืžึดื™ึผึทื“ ืžึดื™ ืœึธืงึทื—ึฐืชึผึดื™ ื›ึนืคึถืจ ื•ึฐืึทืขึฐืœึดื™ื ืขึตื™ื ึทื™ ื‘ึผื•ึน ื•ึฐืึธืฉืึดื™ื‘ ืœึธื›ึถื" (ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ืคืจืง ื™ื‘ ื’).


ืžืฉืžืจื•ืช ื›ื”ื•ื ื” ืžืฆืืฆืื™ื• ืฉืœ ืงืจื—



ื”ื’ืžืจื ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ืชื™ืงืŸ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืžืฉืžืจื•ืช ื›ื”ื•ื ื”, ืืจื‘ืข ืžืืœืขื–ืจ ื•ืืจื‘ืข ืžืื™ืชืžืจ. ื”ืŸ ืžื•ื–ื›ืจื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ืฉืœื ื•: "ื•ึฐื ึดืœึฐื•ึฃื•ึผ ืขึธืœึถึ”ื™ืšึธ ื•ึฐืฉืึธึฝืžึฐืจึ—ื•ึผ ืึถืชึพืžึดืฉืึฐืžึถึ™ืจึถืชึ™ ืึนึฃื”ึถืœ ืžื•ึนืขึตึ”ื“ ืœึฐื›ึนึ–ืœ ืขึฒื‘ึนื“ึทึฃืช ื”ึธืึนึ‘ื”ึถืœ ื•ึฐื–ึธึ–ืจ ืœึนืึพื™ึดืงึฐืจึทึฅื‘ ืึฒืœึตื™ื›ึถึฝื: ื•ึผืฉืึฐืžึทืจึฐืชึผึถึ—ื ืึตึšืช ืžึดืฉืึฐืžึถึฃืจึถืช ื”ึทืงึผึนึ”ื“ึถืฉื ื•ึฐืึตึ–ืช ืžึดืฉืึฐืžึถึฃืจึถืช ื”ึทืžึผึดื–ึฐื‘ึผึตึ‘ื—ึท" (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื—, ื“-ื”). ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ื”ืชืจื‘ื” ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ืชืจื‘ื• ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื "ื‘ื ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื•ื”ืขืžื™ื“ืŸ ืขืœ ืฉืฉ ืขืฉืจื”, ื‘ื ื“ื•ื“ ื•ื”ืขืžื™ื“ืŸ ืขืœ ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืืจื‘ืขื”" (ืชืขื ื™ืช ื›ื– ืข"ื). ื‘ื ื™ื ืฉืœ "ืึธืกึธืฃึ™ ื•ึฐื”ึตื™ืžึธึฃืŸ ื•ึดึฝื™ื“ื•ึผืชึ”ื•ึผืŸ ื”ึทึฝื ึผึดื‘ึผึฐืึดึ›ื™ื ื‘ึผึฐื›ึดื ึผึนืจึฅื•ึนืช ื‘ึผึดื ึฐื‘ึธืœึดึ–ื™ื ื•ึผื‘ึดืžึฐืฆึดืœึฐืชึผึธึ‘ื™ึดื" (ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื ื›ื”).


ืึธืกึธืฃ ื”ื™ื” ืžื‘ื ื™ ื’ืจืฉื•ืŸ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื ื•) ื•ื”ื™ื• ืžื‘ื ื™ื• ืืจื‘ืข ืžืฉืžืจื•ืช ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ื "ืขึทึšืœ ื™ึทื“ึพืึธืกึธึ”ืฃ ื”ึทื ึผึดื‘ึผึธึ–ื ืขึทืœึพื™ึฐื“ึตึฅื™ ื”ึทืžึผึถึฝืœึถืšึฐ". ื™ื“ื•ึผืชื•ึผืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืžื‘ื ื™ ืžืจืจื™ (ื›ื ืจืื” โ€“ ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืจ"ื) "ื”ึทื ึผึดื‘ึผึธึ•ื ืขึทืœึพื”ึนื“ึฅื•ึนืช ื•ึฐื”ึทืœึผึตึ–ืœ ืœื”'" ื•ื”ื™ื• ืžื‘ื ื™ื• ืฉืฉ ืžืฉืžืจื•ืช ืœื•ื•ื™ื”. ื”ึตื™ืžึธึฃืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื ื• ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืืœ ื‘ืŸ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืฆืืฆื ืฉืœ ืงืจื— ื•ื”ื™ื• ืžื‘ื ื™ื• 14 ืžืฉืžืจื•ืช ืœื•ื•ื™ื” (ื•ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ืœืขื™ืœ ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžื‘ื ื™ ืงืจื— 24 ืžืฉืžืจื•ืช ื›ื”ื•ื ื”, ืžืŸ ื”ืกืชื ื”ืชื—ืชื ื• ื‘ื ื™ ืืกืฃ ื•ื™ื“ื•ืชื•ืŸ ืขื ื‘ื ื•ืช ืžืฆืืฆืื™ ืงืจื—).


ืžื–ืžื•ืจื™ ืืกืฃ ื•ื‘ื ื™ ืงืจื— ื‘ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื



ื‘ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ื™ืฉ 11 ืžื–ืžื•ืจื™ื ืฉื ืงืจืื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื ื‘ื ื™ ืงืจื—. ืœื“ืขืช ืจืฉ"ื™ ื—ื™ื‘ืจื• ืื•ืชื ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื‘ื ื™ ืงืจื— "ืึทืกึผึดื™ืจ ื•ึฐืึถืœึฐืงึธื ึธื” ื•ึทืึฒื‘ึดื™ืึธืกึธืฃ" ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ืขืฆืช ืื‘ื™ื”ื ื•ื ื‘ืœืขื• ื‘ืื“ืžื” ื™ื—ื“ ืื™ืชื•. ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ื ืคืจืฉื•, ื•ื›ืฉื ื‘ืœืขื• ื›ืœ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื•ืคืชื—ื” ื”ืืจืฅ ืืช ืคื™ื” ื ืฉืืจ ืžืงื•ืžื ื‘ืชื•ืš ืคื™ ื”ืืจืฅ. ื”ื’ืžืจื (ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื™ื“ ืข"ื) ืื•ืžืจืช "ืžืงื•ื ื ืชื‘ืฆืจ ืœื”ื ื‘ื’ื™ื”ื ื, ื•ืขืžื“ื• ืขืœื™ื•", ื•ืื•ืžืจ ืจืฉ"ื™: "ื•ืฉื ืืžืจื• ืฉื™ืจื” ื•ืฉื ื™ืกื“ื• ื”ืžื–ืžื•ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื•". ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื”ื "ืขืœื• ืžืฉื ื•ืฉืจืชื” ืขืœื™ื”ื ืจื•ื— ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื ืชื ื‘ืื• ืขืœ ื”ื’ืœื™ื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ื—ืจื‘ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื•ืขืœ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื•ื“" (ืจืฉ"ื™ ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืž"ื‘, ื•ืœืคื™ ืกื“ืจ ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื›ื ืจืื” ืฉืขืœื• ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื”ืฉื ื™ื. ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ืกื•ืคืจ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื• ื™ื).


ืžืœื‘ื“ ื”ืžื–ืžื•ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื™ืฉ 12 ืžื–ืžื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืืกืฃ. ื•ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ "ืขืœ ื“ืขืช ืจื‘ ืื™ืŸ ืืกืฃ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืงืจื—. ืขืœ ื“ืขืช ืจ' ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืืกืฃ ื“ื”ื›ื ื”ื•ื ืืกืฃ ื“ืชืžืŸ ืืœื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ื–ื›ื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืจื” ืขื ืื—ื™ื• ื•ื–ื›ื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืจื” ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื•" (ืžื“ืจืฉ ืจื‘ื” ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื“ ื”). ืœื“ืขืช ืจื‘ ืืกืฃ ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื ื™ ื’ืจืฉื, ืžื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจื™ื ื‘ืื•ื”ืœ ืžื•ืขื“ ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ. ืžึฐืฉืึธืจึฐืช ืœึดืคึฐื ึตึจื™ ืžึดืฉืึฐื›ึผึทึคืŸ ืึนึฝื”ึถืœึพืžื•ึนืขึตื“ึ™ ื‘ึผึทืฉึผืึดึ”ื™ืจ ืขึทื“ึพื‘ึผึฐื ึงื•ึนืช ืฉืึฐืœึนืžึนึ›ื” ืึถืชึพื‘ึผึตึฅื™ืช ื”' ื‘ึผึดื™ืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึธึดึ‘ื" (ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื ื• ื›ื“). ืœื“ืขืช ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ืืกืฃ โ€“ ื”ื•ื ืึฒื‘ึดื™ืึธืกึธืฃ ืžื‘ื ื™ ืงืจื—.


ืžื–ืžื•ืจื™ ืืกืฃ ื•ื‘ื ื™ ืงืจื— ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื”



ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžื–ืžื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืงืจื— ื•ืืกืฃ ื”ื™ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ืžืงื“ืฉ ื‘ืฉื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื, ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืื•ืชื ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืช ืฉื—ืจื™ืช. ื’ื ืชืคื™ืœืช ืžื ื—ื” ื ืคืชื—ืช ื‘"ืœึทืžึฐื ึทืฆึผึตื—ึท ืขึทืœ ื”ึทื’ึผึดืชึผึดื™ืช ืœึดื‘ึฐื ึตื™ ืงึนืจึทื— ืžึดื–ึฐืžื•ึนืจ: ืžึทื” ื™ึผึฐื“ึดื™ื“ื•ึนืช ืžึดืฉืึฐื›ึผึฐื ื•ึนืชึถื™ืšึธ ื”' ืฆึฐื‘ึธืื•ึนืช". ืœืคื ื™ ืชืงื™ืขืช ืฉื•ืคืจ ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ืื•ืžืจื™ื "ืœึทืžึฐื ึทืฆึผึตื—ึท ืœึดื‘ึฐื ึตื™ ืงึนืจึทื— ืžึดื–ึฐืžื•ึนืจ: ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึธืขึทืžึผึดื™ื ืชึผึดืงึฐืขื•ึผ ื›ึธืฃ, ื”ึธืจึดื™ืขื•ึผ ืœึตืืœึนื”ึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐืงื•ึนืœ ืจึดื ึผึธื”". ื‘ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ืื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื "ืœึทืžึฐื ึทืฆึผึตื—ึท ืžึทืฉึนึฐื›ึผึดื™ืœ ืœึดื‘ึฐื ึตื™ ืงึนืจึทื—: ื›ึผึฐืึทื™ึผึธืœ ืชึผึทืขึฒืจึนื’ ืขึทืœ ืึฒืคึดื™ืงึตื™ ืžึธื™ึดื". ื‘ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื—ืฆื•ืช, ื‘ืฆื•ื ื’ื“ืœื™ื” ื•ื‘ืขืฉืจื” ื‘ื˜ื‘ืช ืื•ืžืจื™ื "ืžึดื–ึฐืžื•ึนืจ ืœึฐืึธืกึธืฃ. ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ื‘ึผึธืื•ึผ ื’ื•ึนื™ึดื ื‘ึผึฐื ึทื—ึฒืœึธืชึถืš". ื‘ืžื•ืฆืื™ ื›ื™ืคื•ืจ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืงืจื—. ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืื‘ืœ ืœ"ืข ื’ื ื›ืŸ. ืกืš ื”ื›ื•ืœ ืฉื™ืœื‘ื• ืื ืฉื™ ื›ื ืกืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ื—ื›ืžื™ ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช 11 ืžื–ืžื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืงืจื— ื•ืืกืฃ ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช.


ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืœืžื“ ืฉื’ื ืžื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืฉืื•ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฆืืช ืžืฉื ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื“ืจื’ื” ื”ื›ื™ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื‘ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ืื•ืฉ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื›ืœืœ.


ืœืกื—ื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ืขื



ืขื•ื“ ื˜ืขื ื”ื•ื ื”ื›ื•ื— ืฉืœ ืืกืฃ ื•ื‘ื ื™ ืงืจื— ืœืกื—ื•ืฃ ืืช ืœื‘ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืœืงืจื‘ ืื•ืชื ืืœ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ.


ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืœื›ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืืœืงื ื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืฆืืฆืื™ ืงืจื— ื•ืขื•ืจืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื—ืจื™ื• ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœืจื’ืœ ืœืฉื™ืœื” "ื•ึฐืึทืœ ืชึผึธื‘ื•ึผื– ื›ึผึดื™ ื–ึธืงึฐื ึธื” ืึดืžึผึถืšึธ. ืึธืžึทืจ ืจ' ื–ึฐืขึดื™ืจึธื, ืึดื ื ึดื–ึฐื“ึธืงึฐื ึธื” ืื•ึผืžึธืชึฐืšึธ (ืื ื ืขืฉื• ื”ืขื ื›ื–ืงื ื™ื ื•ื—ืœืฉื™ื ืžืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฆื•ื”) ืขึฒืžื•ึนื“ ื•ึฐื’ื•ึนื“ึฐืจึธื”ึผ ื›ึผึฐืฉืึตื ืฉืึถืขึธืฉื‚ึธื” ืึถืœึฐืงึธื ึธื”, ืฉืึถื”ึธื™ึธื” ืžึทื“ึฐืจึดื™ืšึฐ ืึถืช ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืœึดืคึฐืขึธืžึตื™ ืจึฐื’ึธืœึดื™ื. ื”ึทื”"ื“ (ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื, ื, ื’) ื•ึฐืขึธืœึธื” ื”ึธืึดื™ืฉื ืžึตืขึดื™ืจื•ึน ื•ึฐื’ื•ึน'" ืฉื”ื™ื” ืขื•ืœื” ื•ืžื–ืจื– ืื—ืจื™ื ืœืขืœื•ืช ืขืžื• (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื˜). ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื ื• ืื—ืจื™ื• ื”ื™ื” ืžืขื•ืจืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื”: "ื•ึฐื”ึธืœึทืšึฐ ืžึดื“ึผึตื™ ืฉืึธื ึธื” ื‘ึผึฐืฉืึธื ึธื” ื•ึฐืกึธื‘ึทื‘ ื‘ึผึตื™ืช ืึตืœ ื•ึฐื”ึทื’ึผึดืœึฐื’ึผึธืœ ื•ึฐื”ึทืžึผึดืฆึฐืคึผึธื” ื•ึฐืฉืึธืคึทื˜ ืึถืช ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืึตืช ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทืžึผึฐืงื•ึนืžื•ึนืช ื”ึธืึตืœึผึถื”" (ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ืคืจืง ื– ื˜ื–). ืžื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืžืงื™ื ืืช ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืžื›ื™ืŸ ืืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ.


ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ "ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืžืขืœืช ื”ื ื‘ื•ืื”"



ื‘ื ื™ื• ื•ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืงืจื— ื”ื™ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื "ืœึฐื”ึธืจึดื™ื ืงึธืจึถืŸ" (ื“ื”"ื ื›ื” ื”) ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืฆืžื” ืจื‘ื”. ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื™ื ืœืจื’ืœ ืœืฉืžื—ื”, ืœื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ื‘ื”' "ื”ึทึฝื ึผึดื‘ึผึฐืึดึ›ื™ื ื‘ึผึฐื›ึดื ึผึนืจึฅื•ึนืช ื‘ึผึดื ึฐื‘ึธืœึดึ–ื™ื ื•ึผื‘ึดืžึฐืฆึดืœึฐืชึผึธึ‘ื™ึดื". ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ื›ืœ ืžืชืคืœืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช. "ื”ืžืชืคืœืœ ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื™ื›ื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื‘ื• ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืžืœื•ืช ืฉืžื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ืฉืคืชื™ื•; ื•ื™ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ืืœื• ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื›ื ื’ื“ื• ื•ื›ื•' ื•ื›ืš ื”ื™ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื ื•ืื ืฉื™ ืžืขืฉื”, ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžืชื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื ื•ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชืคืœืชื ืขื“ ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื”ื’ืฉืžื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจื•ืช ื›ื— ื”ืฉื›ืœื™, ืขื“ ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืžืขืœืช ื”ื ื‘ื•ืื”" (ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš ืกื™ืžืŸ ืฆื— ื). ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ืžื–ืžื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื.


 


ืžื”ื•ื“ื• ืขื“ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืฉืืžืจ โ€“ ื“ืจื™ืฉืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ



ื“ืจื™ืฉืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ืฉืžืขื•ืจืจ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื•



ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืžื–ืžื•ืจื™ื ืขื“ ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืžืขืœืช ื”ื ื‘ื•ืื”, ื ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ื”ื ื•ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ "ื”ื•ื“ื• ืœื”' ืงืจืื• ื‘ืฉืžื•" ื”ื•ื ื”ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ืฉืื•ืžืจ ื“ื•ื“ ื‘ืขืช ืฉื”ืขืœื• ืืช ืืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”' ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. "ื•ึทื™ึผึธื‘ึดื™ืื•ึผ ืึถืช ืึฒืจื•ึนืŸ ื”ึธืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ื•ึทื™ึผึทืฆึผึดื™ื’ื•ึผ ืึนืชื•ึน ื‘ึผึฐืชื•ึนืšึฐ ื”ึธืึนื”ึถืœ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื ึธื˜ึธื” ืœื•ึน ื“ึผึธื•ึดื™ื“ ื•ึทื™ึผึทืงึฐืจึดื™ื‘ื•ึผ ืขึนืœื•ึนืช ื•ึผืฉืึฐืœึธืžึดื™ื ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ื”ึธืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื" (ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื, ื˜ื– ื). ื•ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืžืจืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ (ื ) ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื” ื”ืืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืื•ื”ืœ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ื‘ื ื” ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ืชื™ืงืŸ ื“ื•ื“ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” "ื›ื™ ื‘ืชืžื™ื“ ืฉืœ ืฉื—ืจ ืื•ืžืจ ืž'ื”ื•ื“ื• ืœื”'' ืขื“ 'ื•ื‘ื ื‘ื™ืื™ ืืœ ืชืจืขื•', ื•ื‘ืชืžื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ื ืžืŸ 'ืฉื™ืจื• ืœื”'' ืขื“ 'ื•ื”ืœืœ ืœื”''."


ื“ืจืฉื• ื”' ื•ืขื•ื–ื• โ€“ ื–ื” ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ



ื“ื•ื“ ืชื™ืงืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ืืช ื”ืžื–ืžื•ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ. ื›ืš ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื ืจืฉ"ื™ ืืช ื”ืžืœื™ื "ื“ืจืฉื• ื”' ื•ืขื–ื•" โ€“ "ืžืงื“ืฉ ื•ืืจื•ืŸ ื ืงืจืื• ืขื–ื• ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ 'ื•ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉื‘ื™ ืขื–ื•' (ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืขื—) ืฉื ืชืŸ ืืจื•ื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื™. ื•ื›ืชื™ื‘ 'ืงื•ืžื” ื”' ืœืžื ื•ื—ืชืš ืืชื” ื•ืืจื•ืŸ ืขื•ื–ืš' (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืงืœื‘) ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื ืงืจื ืืœืขื–ืจ ื”ืฉื•ืžืจื• ืขื–ื ืขืœ ืฉื ืฉืฉืžืจ ื”ืืจื•ืŸ ืฉื ืงืจื ืขื–". ื‘ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื“ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ืฉืืœื•ืงื™ื ื›ืจืช ืืช ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ืคื™ืฆื• ืืช ื“ื‘ืจ ื”' ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืฉื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื–ื” ืื ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื”' ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื›ืžื• ื”ืื‘ื•ืช.


ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ "ื”ื•ื“ื•" ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื• ืฉื‘ืขื” ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ืžืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืžื™ื”ื” ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ: "ืจื•ึนืžึฐืžื•ึผ ื”' ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื•ึฐื”ึดืฉืึฐืชึผึทื—ึฒื•ื•ึผ ืœึทื”ึฒื“ึนื ืจึทื’ึฐืœึธื™ื• ืงึธื“ื•ึนืฉื ื”ื•ึผื: ืจื•ึนืžึฐืžื•ึผ ื”' ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื•ึฐื”ึดืฉืึฐืชึผึทื—ึฒื•ื•ึผ ืœึฐื”ึทืจ ืงึธื“ึฐืฉืื•ึน. ื›ึผึดื™ ืงึธื“ื•ึนืฉื ื”' ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ื ื•ึผ" (ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืฆื˜). ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ืื—"ื› ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืจื—ืžื™ื: "ื•ึฐื”ื•ึผื ืจึทื—ื•ึผื ื™ึฐื›ึทืคึผึตืจ ืขึธื•ึนืŸ. ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึทืฉืึฐื—ึดื™ืช ื•ึฐื”ึดืจึฐื‘ึผึธื” ืœึฐื”ึธืฉืึดื™ื‘ ืึทืคึผื•ึน. ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึธืขึดื™ืจ ื›ึผึธืœ ื—ึฒืžึธืชื•ึน: (ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืขื— ืœื—). ืึทืชึผึธื” ื”' ืœึนื ืชึดื›ึฐืœึธื ืจึทื—ึฒืžึถื™ืšึธ ืžึดืžึผึถื ึผึดื™. ื—ึทืกึฐื“ึผึฐืšึธ ื•ึทืึฒืžึดืชึผึฐืšึธ ืชึผึธืžึดื™ื“ ื™ึดืฆึผึฐืจื•ึผื ึดื™: (ืž ื™ื‘) ื–ึฐื›ึนืจ ืจึทื—ึฒืžึถื™ืšึธ ื”' ื•ึทื—ึฒืกึธื“ึถื™ืšึธ. ื›ึผึดื™ ืžึตืขื•ึนืœึธื ื”ึตืžึผึธื”: (ื›ื” ื•). ื•ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื ื™ ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ื– ืฉื ื•ืชืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ: "ืชึผึฐื ื•ึผ ืขึนื– ืœึตืืœึนื”ึดื™ื ืขึทืœ ื™ึดืฉึนึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื’ึผึทืึฒื•ึธืชื•ึน. ื•ึฐืขึปื–ึผื•ึน ื‘ึผึทืฉึผืึฐื—ึธืงึดื™ื: ื ื•ึนืจึธื ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ืžึดืžึผึดืงึฐื“ึผึธืฉืึถื™ืšึธ. ืึตืœ ื™ึดืฉึนึฐืจึธืึตืœ. ื”ื•ึผื ื ึนืชึตืŸ ืขึนื– ื•ึฐืชึทืขึฒืฆึปืžื•ึนืช ืœึธืขึธื ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื" (ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืกื—).


ืืžืจื• ื”ื•ื“ื• ื’ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ



ืžื–ืžื•ืจ "ื”ื•ื“ื•" ื‘ืขืช ื”ืงืจื‘ืช ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื™ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื’ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, ื•ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ืžื›ืš ืฉื”ืžื–ืžื•ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื’ื ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืงื˜ืŸ ืื‘ืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™. ื”ื—ืฆื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ืชืžื™ื“ ืฉืœ ืฉื—ืจ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืคืจืง ืง"ื”. ื”ื—ืฆื™ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ืชืžื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ื™ื ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืคืจืง ืฆ"ื• ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื: "ืฉืึดื™ืจื•ึผ ืœื”' ืฉืึดื™ืจ ื—ึธื“ึธืฉื ืฉืึดื™ืจื•ึผ ืœื”' ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ". ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื›ืžื” ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉืžืœืžื“ื•ืช ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื ื•ืกื— ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ. ื‘ืžืงื•ื "ื”ื•ึนื“ ื•ึฐื”ึธื“ึธืจ ืœึฐืคึธื ึธื™ื• ืขึนื– ื•ึฐื—ึถื“ึฐื•ึธื” ื‘ึผึดืžึฐืงึนืžื•ึน" ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื (ื ืคืจืง ื˜ื– ื›ื–), ื ืืžืจ ื‘ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื "ื”ื•ึนื“ ื•ึฐื”ึธื“ึธืจ ืœึฐืคึธื ึธื™ื• ืขึนื– ื•ึฐืชึดืคึฐืึถืจึถืช ื‘ึผึฐืžึดืงึฐื“ึผึธืฉืื•ึน" (ืฆื• ื•). ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื.


ืœื—ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื“ื• ืœืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช



ื–ืืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ื’ืœืœื” ืื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” ืืช ื”ืžื–ืžื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื•ืœื ืฉืœ ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื, ื›ื™ ืื ื• ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืœืคื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื›ืžื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื•ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื•. ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ "ื”ื•ื“ื•" ืœืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื•ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื—ื™ื“"ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืชืžื™ื“ ืœ"ื”ื•ื“ื•", ืฉื ืชืงืŸ ืขืœ ืืžื™ืจืช ื”ืชืžื™ื“. ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ื—ื™ (ืžืงืฅ ื™ื) ื›ื™ ืœื›ืŸ "ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืกืžื•ืš ืืžื™ืจืช ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื“ื• ืœืคืจืฉืช ื”ืชืžื™ื“ ื•ืื™ื–ื”ื• ืžืงื•ืžืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื” ื“ืืคืฉืจ".


ืขืฉืจ ืœืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื“ืื”



ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ ื‘ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ื–ื” ืขืฉืจ ืœืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื“ืื” ื›ื ื’ื“ ืขืฉืจ ืžื›ื•ืช ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ืขืœ ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ืขืฉืจื” ื ื™ืกื™ื ืฉื ืขืฉื• ืœืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืขืœ ื”ื™ื. ื”ื‘"ื™ ืœื ืžื ื” ืืช ืขืฉืจ ืœืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื”ื•ื“ืื”, ื•ืื ืžืชื‘ื•ื ื ื™ื ื‘ืคืจืง "ื”ื•ื“ื•" ืžื’ืœื™ื ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœื‘ื“ ื™ืฉ ืฉืฉ ืœืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื“ืื” ืฉื•ื ื™ื: 1. ื”ื•ึนื“ึคื•ึผ ืœึทึฝื”ึ™'. 2. ืงึดืจึฐืึฃื•ึผ ื‘ึดืฉืึฐืžึ”ื•ึน. 3. ื”ื•ึนื“ึดึฅื™ืขื•ึผ ื‘ึธืขึทืžึผึดึ–ื™ื ืขึฒืœึดื™ืœึนืชึธึฝื™ื•. 4. ืฉืึดึคื™ืจื•ึผ ืœื•ึนึ™. 5. ื–ึทืžึผึฐืจื•ึผึพืœึ”ื•ึน. 6. ืฉื‚ึดึ–ื™ื—ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœึพื ึดืคึฐืœึฐืึนืชึธึฝื™ื•. ื•ื’ื ื‘ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ื: 7. ืฉืึดึคื™ืจื•ึผ ืœึทึฝื”ึ™' ื›ึผึธืœึพื”ึธืึธึ”ืจึถืฅ. 8. ื‘ึผึทืฉึผื‚ึฐืจึฅื•ึผ ืžึดื™ึผึฝื•ึนืึพืึถืœึพื™ึ–ื•ึนื ื™ึฐืฉืื•ึผืขึธืชึฝื•ึน. 9. ืกึทืคึผึฐืจึคื•ึผ ื‘ึทื’ึผื•ึนื™ึดืึ™ ืึถืชึพื›ึผึฐื‘ื•ึนื“ึ”ื•ึน 10. ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœึพื”ึธืขึทืžึผึดึ–ื™ื ื ึดืคึฐืœึฐืึนืชึธึฝื™ื•. (ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืฉื—ืœืง ื ืžื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ื›ืžื• "ืฉื™ืจื• ืœื• ื–ืžืจื• ืœื•" ื•ื›ื“').


ื’ื ื‘ื“ื•ืจื ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ืกื’ื ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื”ื•ื“ืื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงืจื•ื ื‘ืฉื ื”' ื•ืœื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื• ืœื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื’ื ื‘ืฉื™ืจื™ื, ื’ื ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื, ื’ื ื‘ืžืืžืจื™ื, ื’ื ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื’ื ื‘ืกืจื˜ื™ื. ื›ืฉื ืฉื”ื•ื ื’ืืœ ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื, ื›ืš ื’ื ืื ื• ืžืฉื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื• ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื“ืจืš ื•ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ื”ื•ื“ืื”.


ืืœ ื ืงืžื•ืช โ€“ ื ืงืžื” ื‘ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื—ืจื™ื‘ื• ื‘ื™ืช ืžืงื“ืฉ ื•ื”ืจื’ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ



ื’ื ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ืฉื ืืžืจื™ื ื‘"ืืœ ื ืงืžื•ืช" ื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœืขื•ืจืจ ืืช ื“ืจื™ืฉืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ. ืืœ ื ืงืžื•ืช ื ืืžืจ ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ืฉื”ื—ืจื™ื‘ื• ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื•ื”ืจื’ื• ืืช ื—ื›ืžื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืืช ืขืฉืจืช ื”ืจื•ื’ื™ ืžืœื›ื•ืช. ืืœ ื ืงืžื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ืžืœื•ืงื˜ื™ื ืžื”ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื, ื•ืขืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžื”ื ื ืืžืจ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ "ืœึฐืขื•ึนืœึธื ืœึนื ื™ึฐื”ึตื ื”ึทืคึผึธืกื•ึผืง ื”ึทื–ึผึถื” ื–ึธื– ืžึดืชึผื•ึนืšึฐ ืคึผึดื™ืšึธ" (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืจื™ืฉ ืค"ื”, ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืื•ืจื— ื—ื™ื™ื ืกื™ืžืŸ ื ). ื•ืžื”ื• ื”ืคืกื•ืง? "ื”' ืฆึฐื‘ึธืื•ึนืช ืขึดืžึผึธื ื•ึผ ืžึดืฉื‚ึฐื’ึผึธื‘ ืœึธื ื•ึผ ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ ื™ึทืขึฒืงึนื‘ ืกึถืœึธื”" (ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืžื•, ื™ื‘); "ื”' ืฆึฐื‘ึธืื•ึนืช ืึทืฉืึฐืจึตื™ ืึธื“ึธื ื‘ึผึนื˜ึตื—ึท ื‘ึผึธืšึฐ" (ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืคื“, ื™ื’); "ื”' ื”ื•ึนืฉืึดื™ืขึธื”. ื”ึทืžึผึถืœึถืšึฐ ื™ึทืขึฒื ึตื ื•ึผ ื‘ึฐื™ื•ึนื ืงึธืจึฐืึตื ื•ึผ". ื•ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื ื”ื™ื ืฉื”' ืขื–ืจ ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื•ืขื•ื–ืจ ื‘ื”ื•ื•ื”, ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืืฉืจื™ ืžื™ ืฉื‘ื•ื˜ื— ื‘ื•. ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืฉื™ืข ืื•ืชื ื• ื•ื™ืขื ื” ืœืชืคื™ืœืชื ื•.


ืึฒืจื•ึนืžึดืžึฐืšึธ ื”' โ€“ ื”ื‘ืงืฉื” ืฉืœ ื“ื•ื“ ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ



ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ื‘ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ื”ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื "ืึฒืจื•ึนืžึดืžึฐืšึธ ื”' ื›ึผึดื™ ื“ึดืœึผึดื™ืชึธื ึดื™. ื•ึฐืœึนื ืฉึนึดืžึผึทื—ึฐืชึผึธ ืึนื™ึฐื‘ึทื™ ืœึดื™" ื”ื™ื "ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ืฉื™ืจ ื—ื ื•ื›ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืœื“ื•ื“". ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื›ื™ ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื‘ื—ื ื•ื›ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืืœื ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” ืขืœ ืฉืœ ื“ื•ื“ ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ. "ื”' ืึฑืœึนื”ึธื™. ืฉืึดื•ึผึทืขึฐืชึผึดื™ ืึตืœึถื™ืšึธ ื•ึทืชึผึดืจึฐืคึผึธืึตื ึดื™: ื”' ื”ึถืขึฑืœึดื™ืชึธ ืžึดืŸ ืฉืึฐืื•ึนืœ ื ึทืคึฐืฉืึดื™. ื—ึดื™ึผึดื™ืชึทื ึดื™ ืžึดื™ึผึธืจึฐื“ึดื™ ื‘ื•ึนืจ" ื•ื›ื•'. ืชืคื™ืœื” ืฉื‘ื–ื›ื•ืชื” ื ืงืจื ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ืขืœ ืฉืžื•.


ืžืกืžื™ื›ื™ื ืชืคื™ืœื” ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ืœืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช



ืžื ื”ื’ ืืฉื›ื ื– ื”ื•ื ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืฉืืžืจ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื•ื“ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืงื“ื™ื ื‘ืจื›ื” ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžื–ืžื•ืจื™ื (ื˜ื•ืจ ืื•"ื— ืกื™' ื ื). ื ื•ืกื— ื”ืกืคืจื“ื™ื ื•ื ื•ืกื— ืกืคืจื“ ื”ื•ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืžื”ื•ื“ื• ืขื“ ื”' ืžืœืš ืœืคื ื™ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืฉืืžืจ, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืฉื›ื•ืœื ืชืคื™ืœื” ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ื ืกืžื•ื›ื™ื ืœืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช. 


ืžื”' ืžืœืš ืขื“ ื™ืฉืชื‘ื— โ€“ ื“ืจื™ืฉืช ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื”' ื”ืžืชื’ืœื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ



ื™ึดืžึฐืœึนืšึฐ ื”' ืœึฐืขื•ึนืœึธื ืึฑืœึนื”ึทื™ึดืšึฐ ืฆึดื™ึผื•ึนืŸ ืœึฐื“ึนืจ ื•ึธื“ึนืจ ื”ึทืœึฐืœื•ึผื™ึธื”ึผ



ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื”' ืžืชื’ืœื” ื‘ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ื›ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื“ื–ืžืจื "ื™ึดืžึฐืœึนืšึฐ ื”' ืœึฐืขื•ึนืœึธื ืึฑืœึนื”ึทื™ึดืšึฐ ืฆึดื™ึผื•ึนืŸ ืœึฐื“ึนืจ ื•ึธื“ึนืจ ื”ึทืœึฐืœื•ึผื™ึธื”ึผ". ื”ืกื‘ืจ ื”ืคืกื•ืง ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืช ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” "ื•ึฐืชึดืžึฐืœึนืšึฐ ืึทืชึผึธื” ื”ื•ึผื ื”' ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ื ื•ึผ ืžึฐื”ึตืจึธื” ืขึทืœ ื›ึผึธืœ ืžึทืขึฒืฉึนึถื™ืšึธ. ื‘ึผึฐื”ึทืจ ืฆึดื™ึผื•ึนืŸ ืžึดืฉืึฐื›ึผึทืŸ ื›ึผึฐื‘ื•ึนื“ึถืšึธ. ื•ึผื‘ึดื™ืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึทื™ึดื ืขึดื™ืจ ืžึดืงึฐื“ึผึธืฉืึถืšึธ. ื›ึผึทื›ึผึธืชื•ึผื‘ ื‘ึผึฐื“ึดื‘ึฐืจึตื™ ืงึธื“ึฐืฉืึถืšึธ: ื™ึดืžึฐืœึนืšึฐ ื”' ืœึฐืขื•ึนืœึธื ืึฑืœึนื”ึทื™ึดืšึฐ ืฆึดื™ึผื•ึนืŸ ืœึฐื“ึนืจ ื•ึธื“ึนืจ ื”ึทืœึฐืœื•ึผื™ึธื”ึผ".


ื›ืŸ ืื ื• ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื•ื›ื™ืคื•ืจ ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื›ื™ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื”' ื ืขืฉื™ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืื•ืžื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช. ื›ืš ืื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื "ื•ึฐื™ึนืืžึทืจ ื›ึผึธืœ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื ึฐืฉืึธืžึธื” ื‘ึฐืึทืคึผื•ึน: ื”' ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉึนึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืžึธืœึทืšึฐ. ื•ึผืžึทืœึฐื›ื•ึผืชื•ึน ื‘ึทื›ึผึนืœ ืžึธืฉืึธืœึธื”".


ื”' ืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ื”' ืžึธืœึธืšึฐ ื”' ื™ึดืžึฐืœึนืšึฐ ืœึฐืขึนืœึธื ื•ึธืขึถื“



ืขืœ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื”' ื‘ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืกื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื ื›ืœ ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื“ื–ืžืจื. ื”ื—ืœ ืžืคืกื•ืงื™ื "ื”' ืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ื”' ืžึธืœึธืšึฐ ื”' ื™ึดืžึฐืœึนืšึฐ ืœึฐืขึนืœึธื ื•ึธืขึถื“" ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื”ื "ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ื”' ืœึฐืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ืขึทืœ ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ, ื‘ึผึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทื”ื•ึผื ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ื”' ืึถื—ึธื“, ื•ึผืฉืึฐืžื•ึน ืึถื—ึธื“", ื•ืžื™ื“ ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ืขืœ ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื’ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื“ืจื›ื• ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื”' ืžืชื’ืœื”. "ื”ื•ึนืฉืึดื™ืขึตื ื•ึผ ื”' ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ื ื•ึผ, ื•ึฐืงึทื‘ึผึฐืฆึตื ื•ึผ ืžึดืŸ ื”ึทื’ึผื•ึนื™ึดื, ืœึฐื”ื•ึนื“ื•ึนืช ืœึฐืฉืึตื ืงึธื“ึฐืฉืึถืšึธ, ืœึฐื”ึดืฉืึฐืชึผึทื‘ึผึตื—ึท ื‘ึผึดืชึฐื”ึดืœึผึธืชึถืšึธ". ื–ื” ื’ื ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืฉืœ ืœืžื ืฆื— ืฉืื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ื• "ื™ื•ึนื“ื•ึผืšึธ ืขึทืžึผึดื™ื ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื. ื™ื•ึนื“ื•ึผืšึธ ืขึทืžึผึดื™ื ื›ึผึปืœึผึธื" ื›ืฉื™ืจืื• ื›ื•ืœื ืฉืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ื•ืชื ืช ื™ื‘ื•ืœื” ื‘ืขืช ื”ื’ืื•ืœื”. 


ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ืขืœ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื”' ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ืฉืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื“ื–ืžืจื. ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืฉืืžืจ, ืคืขื ืื—ืช ื‘"ื™ื”ื™ ื›ื‘ื•ื“", ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื™ื ื•ืื—ื“ ื‘ืชืจื’ื•ื. ืœืœืžื“ืš ืฉื–ื” ืขื™ืงืจ ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื“ื–ืžืจื. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ืจื•ืš ืฉืืžืจ "ื‘ึฐืฉืึดื™ืจึตื™ ื“ึธื•ึดื“ ืขึทื‘ึฐื“ึผึธืšึธ ื ึฐื”ึทืœึฐืœึธืšึฐ ื”' ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ื ื•ึผ. ื‘ึผึดืฉืึฐื‘ึธื—ื•ึนืช ื•ึผื‘ึดื–ึฐืžึดื™ืจื•ึนืช. ื•ึผื ึฐื’ึทื“ึผึฐืœึธืšึฐ ื•ึผื ึฐืฉืึทื‘ึผึฐื—ึธืšึฐ. ื•ึผื ึฐืคึธืึฒืจึธืšึฐ. ื•ึฐื ึทืžึฐืœึดื™ื›ึธืšึฐ. ื•ึฐื ึทื–ึฐื›ึผึดื™ืจ ืฉืึดืžึฐืšึธ ืžึทืœึฐื›ึผึตื ื•ึผ ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื™ึธื—ึดื™ื“ ื—ึทื™ ื”ึธืขื•ึนืœึธืžึดื™ื. ืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ืžึฐืฉืึปื‘ึผึธื— ื•ึผืžึฐืคึนืึธืจ ืขึฒื“ึตื™ ืขึทื“ ืฉืึฐืžื•ึน ื”ึทื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ. ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ืึทืชึผึธื” ื”' ืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ืžึฐื”ึปืœึผึธืœ ื‘ึผึทืชึผึดืฉืึฐื‘ึผึธื—ื•ึนืช".


ืžึทืœึฐื›ื•ึผืชึฐืšึธ ืžึทืœึฐื›ื•ึผืช ื›ึผึธืœ ืขึนืœึธืžึดื™ื



ืขืœ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื”' ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• ืื ื• ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ื‘ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ืœืชื•ื“ื” ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื "ื”ึธืจึดื™ืขื•ึผ ืœื”' ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ" ื“ืจืš ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขึทืžึผื•ึน ื•ึฐืฆึนืืŸ ืžึทืจึฐืขึดื™ืชื•ึน. ืขืœ ื›ืš ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ื’ื ื‘"ื™ื”ื™ ื›ื‘ื•ื“" "ืžึดืžึผึดื–ึฐืจึทื— ืฉืึถืžึถืฉื ืขึทื“ ืžึฐื‘ื•ึนืื•ึน. ืžึฐื”ึปืœึผึธืœ ืฉืึตื ื”'" ื“ืจืš ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื "ื›ึผึดื™ ื‘ึธื—ึทืจ ื”' ื‘ึผึฐืฆึดื™ึผื•ึนืŸ. ืึดื•ึผึธื” ืœึฐืžื•ึนืฉืึธื‘ ืœื•ึน: ื›ึผึดื™ ื™ึทืขึฒืงึนื‘ ื‘ึผึธื—ึทืจ ืœื•ึน ื™ึธื”ึผ. ื™ึดืฉึนึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืœึดืกึฐื’ึปืœึธืชื•ึน". ื›ืš ื’ื ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื‘"ืืฉืจื™" ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื "ืึฒืจื•ึนืžึดืžึฐืšึธ ืึฑืœื•ึนื”ึทื™ ื”ึทืžึผึถืœึถืšึฐ" ื•ืžืžืฉื™ืš "ืžึทืœึฐื›ื•ึผืชึฐืšึธ ืžึทืœึฐื›ื•ึผืช ื›ึผึธืœ ืขึนืœึธืžึดื™ื. ื•ึผืžึถืžึฐืฉืึทืœึฐืชึผึฐืšึธ ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ื“ึผื•ึนืจ ื•ึธื“ึนืจ" - "ืœึฐื”ื•ึนื“ึดื™ืขึท ืœึดื‘ึฐื ึตื™ ื”ึธืึธื“ึธื ื’ึผึฐื‘ื•ึผืจึนืชึธื™ื•. ื•ึผื›ึฐื‘ื•ึนื“ ื”ึฒื“ึทืจ ืžึทืœึฐื›ื•ึผืชื•ึน" (ืงืžื”).


ื›ืš ืขื•ืกืง ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ื”ืžืชื—ื™ืœ "ื”ืœืœื™ ื ืคืฉื™" ื•ืžืกื™ื™ื ื‘"ื™ึดืžึฐืœึนืšึฐ ื”' ืœึฐืขื•ึนืœึธื ืึฑืœึนื”ึทื™ึดืšึฐ ืฆึดื™ึผื•ึนืŸ ืœึฐื“ึนืจ ื•ึธื“ึนืจ ื”ึทืœึฐืœื•ึผื™ึธื”ึผ" (ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืงืžื•). ื›ืš ื”ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ื”ืขื•ืกืง ื‘"ื‘ื•ื ื” ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื" ืฉื”ื™ื ืขื™ืจ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื•ื“ (ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืงืžื–). ื›ืš ืžื–ืžื•ืจ "ื”ืœืœื•" ืฉืขื•ืกืง ื‘"ืžึทืœึฐื›ึตื™ ืึถืจึถืฅ ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ืœึฐืึปืžึผึดื™ื. ืฉึนึธืจึดื™ื ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ืฉืึนืคึฐื˜ึตื™ ืึธืจึถืฅ" ืฉื™ื”ืœืœื• ืืช ื”' (ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืงืžื—). ื•ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ื ืงืžื” ื‘ืžื™ ืฉืžืคืจื™ืข ืœืžืœื›ื•ืช ื”' ื•ื’ืื•ืœืช ื”ืขื•ืœื (ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืงืžื˜) ื•ืžืžื™ืœื "ื›ืœ ื”ื ืฉืžื” ืชื”ืœืœ ื™ื” ื”ืœืœื•ื™ื”" (ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืงื ).


ื™ึดืฉืึฐืชึผึทื‘ึผึทื— ืฉืึดืžึฐืšึธ ืœึธืขึทื“ ืžึทืœึฐื›ึผึตื ื•ึผ



ืœืคื ื™ ื™ืฉืชื‘ื— ืื ื• ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื "ื”' ืžืœืš, ื”' ืžืœืš, ื”' ื™ืžืœืš ืœืขื•ืœื ื•ืขื“" ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ืจื™ืช, ื•ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืš ื‘ืชืจื’ื•ื ื›ื™ ืื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื”' ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื™ื "ื›ึผึดื™ ืœื”' ื”ึทืžึผึฐืœื•ึผื›ึธื”. ื•ึผืžื•ึนืฉืึตืœ ื‘ึผึทื’ึผื•ึนื™ึดื: ื•ึฐืขึธืœื•ึผ ืžื•ึนืฉืึดืขึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐื”ึทืจ ืฆึดื™ึผื•ึนืŸ ืœึดืฉืึฐืคึผึนื˜ ืึถืช ื”ึทืจ ืขึตืฉึนึธื•. ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึฐืชึธื” ืœื”' ื”ึทืžึผึฐืœื•ึผื›ึธื”: ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ื”' ืœึฐืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ืขึทืœ ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ. ื‘ึผึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทื”ื•ึผื ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ื”' ืึถื—ึธื“ ื•ึผืฉืึฐืžื•ึน ืึถื—ึธื“".


ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืœื ืคืœื ืฉื‘ืจื›ืช "ื™ืฉืชื‘ื—" ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื” ืืช ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื”' ื—ืžืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื. "ื”ึธืึตืœ ื”ึทืžึผึถืœึถืšึฐ ื”ึทื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ ื•ึฐื”ึทืงึผึธื“ื•ึนืฉื ื‘ึผึทืฉึผืึธืžึทื™ึดื ื•ึผื‘ึธืึธืจึถืฅ".  ื›ึผึดื™ ืœึฐืšึธ ื ึธืึถื” ื•ื›ื•' ืงึฐื“ึปืฉึผืึธื”. ื•ึผืžึทืœึฐื›ื•ึผืช. "ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ืึทืชึผึธื” ื”' ืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ ื•ึผืžึฐื”ึปืœึผึธืœ ื‘ึผึทืชึผึดืฉืึฐื‘ึผึธื—ื•ึนืช. ืึตืœ ื”ึทื”ื•ึนื“ึธืื•ึนืช. ืึฒื“ื•ึนืŸ ื”ึทื ึผึดืคึฐืœึธืื•ึนืช. ื‘ึผื•ึนืจึตื ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทื ึผึฐืฉืึธืžื•ึนืช. ืจึดื‘ึผื•ึนืŸ ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทืžึผึทืขึฒืฉึนึดื™ื. ื”ึทื‘ึผื•ึนื—ึตืจ ื‘ึผึฐืฉืึดื™ืจึตื™ ื–ึดืžึฐืจึธื” ืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ืึตืœ ื—ึทื™ ื”ึธืขื•ึนืœึธืžึดื™ื ืึธืžึตืŸ".


ื”ื›ื ื” ืœืชืคื™ืœื”



ื›ืœ ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื“ื–ืžืจื ื”ื™ื ื”ื›ื ื” ืœืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืื ื• ืžืžืœื™ื›ื™ื ืืช ื”' ืขืœื™ื ื• ื‘ืงืจื™ืืช ืฉืžืข ื•ื‘ืจื›ื•ืชื™ื” ื•ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืช ื™"ื— (ืฉื•"ืข ืฆื’  ื-ื‘). ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ื’ืœืœื” ื‘ื‘ืจื•ืš ืฉืืžืจ ืื ื• ืื•ื—ื–ื™ื ืจืง ืฉืชื™ ืฆื™ืฆื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื ื• (ืคืข"ื— ื–ืžื™ืจื•ืช ื“) ืฉื”ืŸ ืžืœืžื“ื•ืช ืื•ืชื ื• ืขืœ ื›ื•ื— ืจืื™ื™ืช ื”' ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื”ืฉื›ืœ. "ื•ืจืื™ืชื ืื•ืชื•" ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื—ืœืงื™. ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ืงืจื™ืืช ืฉืžืข ืื ื• ืื•ื—ื–ื™ื ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื ื• ืืจื‘ืข ื—ื•ื˜ื™ ื”ืฆื™ืฆื™ืช (ืฉืขืจ ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืงืจื™ืืช ืฉืžืข ื—). ืฉื–ื• ื”ื›ืจืช ื”' ื•ืจืื™ื™ืชื• ื‘ื“ืจื’ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” (ืคืกืงื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืื•"ื— ื ื ื’).


ื‘ืจื•ืš ืฉืืžืจ ื•ื™ืฉืชื‘ื— ืœื ืฉื™ื



ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืคืกื•ืงื™ ื“ื–ืžืจื ื”ื ื”ื›ื ื” ืœืชืคื™ืœื”, ื•ื ืฉื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื”, ื”ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื’ื ื‘ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื“ื–ืžืจื ื•ืžื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ืจื›ืช ื‘ืจื•ืš ืฉืืžืจ ื•ื™ืฉืชื‘ื— ืขื ืฉื ื•ืžืœื›ื•ืช. ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื” (ืข ืก"ืง ื‘) ื‘ืฉื ืจื‘ื™ ืขืงื™ื‘ื ืื™ื’ืจ "ื“ื”ืขื™ืงืจ ื ื™ืชืงื ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ืชืคืœื” ืื ื›ืŸ ืžืžื™ืœื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช". ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ื›ืฃ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื "ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื ื•ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืœืœืžื•ื“, ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื›ืœ ืกื“ืจ ื”ืชืคืœื” ื›ืžื• ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืคื—ื•ืช. ืžืคืจืฉืช ื”ืขืงื™ื“ื” ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืฉื‘ื—" (ืกื™ืžืŸ ืข ืก"ืง ื). ื•ืœื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืกื‘"ืœ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื›ืš ื ื”ื’ื•.


ื‘ืจื•ืš ืฉืืžืจ ื ืคืœ ืžื”ืฉืžื™ื™ื



ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื˜ื•ืจ ื‘ืกื™ืžืŸ ื "ื ืฉืžืงื•ืจ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืฉืืžืจ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ื™ื›ืœื•ืช ืœืจื‘ื™ ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื›ื™ "ืฉื‘ื— ื–ื” ืชื™ืงื ื•ื”ื• ืื ืฉื™ ื›ื ื”"ื’ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืคืชืงื ื“ื ืคืœ ืžืŸ ืฉืžื™ื". ื•ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ืกื•ื“ื•ืช. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืคืฉื˜ ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื›ืœืœ ืฉืœ ืžืœื›ื•ืชื ื“ืืจืขื ื›ืขื™ืŸ ืžืœื›ื•ืชื ื“ืจืงื™ืขื. ื•ื‘ืžืœื›ื•ืชื ื“ืืจืขื, ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉ ืจืง ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ื—ื•ืคืฉ ืœื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืžื™ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžืœืš. ืœื ื›ืžื• ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืกื•ืจื™ื” ื•ื‘ืื™ืจืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืœื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืžื™ ื”ืžืœืš. ืฉื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื›ืืœื” ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืฉื•ื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืœืžืœืš ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจ. ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืฉืืžืจ ืœื ื ื›ืชื‘ ื›ื”ืœื›ื” ื‘ื’ืžืจื ืื• ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉื™ื ืืœื ื›ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช ืฉืœื ื•, ื•ืจืžื–ื• ืœื ื• ืขืœ ื›ืš ื‘ืคืชืง ืžื”ืฉืžื™ื™ื, ืฉื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื”ืœื›ืชื™ืช.


ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืคืกื•ืงื™ ื“ื–ืžืจื ื”ื ืืชืขืจื•ืชื ื“ืœืชืชื, ื™ืฉ ืœื•ืžืจ ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื“ื–ืžืจื ื‘ื ื—ืช ื•ืœื ื‘ืžืจื•ืฆื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืชืคื˜ืจ ืžื”ื (ืฉื•"ืข ื ื ื—) ื•"ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ืœืชื•ื“ื” ื™ืฉ ืœืื•ืžืจื” ื‘ื ื’ื™ื ื”, ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืขืชื™ื“ื•ืช ืœื™ื‘ื˜ืœ ื—ื•ืฅ ืžืžื–ืžื•ืจ ืœืชื•ื“ื”" (ืฉื•"ื ื ื ื˜). "ืœืคื™ ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื ืขืฉื” ืœืื“ื ื ืกื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื”" (ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืขื”"ืช ืค' ื‘ื "ื“ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืžืชืจื—ืฉ ืœื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืŸ ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื”ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ื ื›ื•ืœื ื ืกื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืžื™ ืฉืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ืจืข ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื“ืจืš ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื‘ืœื™ ื ืก ื”ืจื™ ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื—ืœืง ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื•". ื•ื‘ื˜ื•ืจ ื›ืชื‘ ื“ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ืœืชื•ื“ื” ื“ื•ื“ ืงื‘ืขื• ืœืืžืจื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืืจื•ืŸ - ืคืกืงื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื).


ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื“ื–ืžืจื ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ืช โ€“ ืชื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ื”ืืจืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช



"ื”ืฉืžื™ื ืžืกืคืจื™ื" ื”ืืจืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช



ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ (ื ) ื›ืชื‘ ื›ื™ "ื‘ืฉื‘ืชื•ืช ื•ื™ืžื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืื—ืจ ื”ื•ื“ื• ืœื”', 'ื”ืฉืžื™ื ืžืกืคืจื™ื', 'ืจื ื ื• ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื', 'ืœื“ื•ื“ ื‘ืฉื ื•ืชื•', 'ืชืคืœื” ืœืžืฉื”', 'ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ืกืชืจ', 'ื”ืœืœื• ืืช ืฉื ื”''. ื•ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืžืกื“ืจื™ืŸ ืืœื• ื”ืžื–ืžื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืกื™ื“ื•ืจ ืื—ื“ ื•ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ืŸ ืžื–ืžื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื" ื•ืกื™ื™ื "ื•ืžืฉืžืข ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ืืจื—ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ื”ืฉืžื™ื ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืœ ื•ื›ืŸ ื ืจืื” ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ ืคืจืฉืช (ืชืจื•ืžื” ื“ืฃ ืงืœื• ื•ืงืœื– ื•ืข"ืฉ), ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ ืžืฉื”".


ื•ื‘ื–ื•ื”ืจ ืชืจื•ืžื” ืžืฉืžืข ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ื”ืืจื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ืช "ืœืฉืžื•ืข" ืืช ื”ืฉืžื™ื™ื ืฉืžืกืคืจื™ื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืืœ, ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืงื™ืข ืฉืžืกืคืจื™ื ืขื ืžืขืฉื™ ื™ื“ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”'. ื›ืš ื™ื•ื ืœื™ื•ื ื™ื‘ื™ืข ืื•ืžืจ, ื•ืื ื• ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื ืฉืžื” ื”ื™ืชื™ืจื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืฉื‘ืช.


ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืื ื• ื’ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืืช ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ื”' ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืื ื• ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืฉื ื”' ืœืชื•ืจื” ื•ืœื›ืœ ื”ืฉืืจ "ืชึผื•ึนืจึทืช ื”' ืชึผึฐืžึดื™ืžึธื” ืžึฐืฉืึดื™ื‘ึทืช ื ึธืคึถืฉื. ืขึตื“ื•ึผืช ื”' ื ึถืึฑืžึธื ึธื” ืžึทื—ึฐื›ึผึดื™ืžึทืช ืคึผึถืชึดื™: ืคึผึดืงึผื•ึผื“ึตื™ ื”' ื™ึฐืฉืึธืจึดื™ื ืžึฐืฉึนึทืžึผึฐื—ึตื™ ืœึตื‘. ืžึดืฆึฐื•ึทืช ื”' ื‘ึผึธืจึธื” ืžึฐืึดื™ืจึทืช ืขึตื™ื ึธื™ึดื: ื™ึดืจึฐืึทืช ื”' ื˜ึฐื”ื•ึนืจึธื” ืขึนืžึถื“ึถืช ืœึธืขึทื“ ืžึดืฉืึฐืคึผึฐื˜ึตื™ ื”' ืึฑืžึถืช. ืฆึธื“ึฐืงื•ึผ ื™ึทื—ึฐื“ึผึธื•". ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ืฉืžืœืžื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืจื” ื‘ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ื”' ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ืขื“ื•ืช ื”' ื•ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื”' ื•ื‘ื™ืจืืช ื”' ื•ื›ื•'.


ื”ืืจืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืžืชื’ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขืช ื”ื’ืื•ืœื”



ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื• ืžืจื ื ื™ื ืœื”' ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืฉื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื›ื™ ื‘ื” ื ื™ื›ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืชืžื™ื“ ืฉืžืœื•ื ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื•. "ื—ึถืกึถื“ ื”' ืžึธืœึฐืึธื” ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ". ืขืœ ื›ืŸ "ื™ึดื™ืจึฐืื•ึผ ืžึตื”' ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ. ืžึดืžึผึถื ึผื•ึผ ื™ึธื’ื•ึผืจื•ึผ ื›ึผึธืœ ื™ื•ึนืฉืึฐื‘ึตื™ ืชึตื‘ึตืœ". ื›ืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืœื• ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืฉืขืช ืžืฆื•ืงื”, ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืžื–ืžื•ืจ "ืœื“ื•ื“ ื‘ึผึฐืฉืึทื ึผื•ึนืชื•ึน ืึถืช ื˜ึทืขึฐืžื•ึน ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ืึฒื‘ึดื™ืžึถืœึถืšึฐ. ื•ึทื™ึฐื’ึธืจึฐืฉืึตื”ื•ึผ ื•ึทื™ึผึตืœึทืšึฐ" ืฉื‘ื• ืื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื "ืึฒื‘ึธืจึฐื›ึธื” ืึถืช ื”' ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ืขึตืช. ืชึผึธืžึดื™ื“ ืชึผึฐื”ึดืœึผึธืชื•ึน ื‘ึผึฐืคึดื™". ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืขื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื. "ืžึดื™ ื”ึธืึดื™ืฉื ื”ึถื—ึธืคึตืฅ ื—ึทื™ึผึดื™ื. ืึนื”ึตื‘ ื™ึธืžึดื™ื ืœึดืจึฐืื•ึนืช ื˜ื•ึนื‘" ื•ืžืžื™ืœื "ื ึฐืฆึนืจ ืœึฐืฉืื•ึนื ึฐืšึธ ืžึตืจึธืข. ื•ึผืฉึนึฐืคึธืชึถื™ืšึธ ืžึดื“ึผึทื‘ึผึตืจ ืžึดืจึฐืžึธื”: ืกื•ึผืจ ืžึตืจึธืข ื•ึทืขึฒืฉึนึตื” ื˜ื•ึนื‘. ื‘ึผึทืงึผึตืฉื ืฉืึธืœื•ึนื ื•ึฐืจึธื“ึฐืคึตื”ื•ึผ" ื›ื™ ืืชื” ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”' ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช.


ื›ืŸ ืื•ืžืจ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ื‘"ืชืคื™ืœื” ืœืžืฉื”" ืฉื”' ื ืžืฆื ืชืžื™ื“ "ื‘ึผึฐื˜ึถืจึถื ื”ึธืจึดื™ื ื™ึปืœึผึธื“ื•ึผ ื•ึทืชึผึฐื—ื•ึนืœึตืœ ืึถืจึถืฅ ื•ึฐืชึตื‘ึตืœ. ื•ึผืžึตืขื•ึนืœึธื ืขึทื“ ืขื•ึนืœึธื ืึทืชึผึธื” ืึตืœ". ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื’'ื•ื ื’ืœ ื”ื•ื ื ืžืฆื "ืขืœ ืฉื—ืœ ื•ืคืชืŸ ืชื“ืจื•ืš ืชืจืžื•ืก ื›ืคื™ืจ ื•ืชื ื™ืŸ". ื›ืŸ ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืœื• ื’ื ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื "ื”ื•ึนื“ึดื™ืขึท ื”' ื™ึฐืฉืื•ึผืขึธืชื•ึน. ืœึฐืขึตื™ื ึตื™ ื”ึทื’ึผื•ึนื™ึดื ื’ึผึดืœึผึธื” ืฆึดื“ึฐืงึธืชื•ึน". ื’ื ื”ืฉืžื™ื™ื ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืืœ. ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ื™ ื•ื”ืฆื•ืžื— "ื™ึดืจึฐืขึทื ื”ึทื™ึผึธื ื•ึผืžึฐืœึนืื•ึน. ืชึผึตื‘ึตืœ ื•ึฐื™ึนืฉืึฐื‘ึตื™ ื‘ึธื”ึผ: ื ึฐื”ึธืจื•ึนืช ื™ึดืžึฐื—ึฒืื•ึผ ื›ึธืฃ. ื™ึทื—ึทื“ ื”ึธืจึดื™ื ื™ึฐืจึทื ึผึฐื ื•ึผ: ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ื”' ื›ึผึดื™ ื‘ึธื ืœึดืฉืึฐืคึผึนื˜ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื™ึดืฉืึฐืคึผึนื˜ ืชึผึตื‘ึตืœ ื‘ึผึฐืฆึถื“ึถืง. ื•ึฐืขึทืžึผึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐืžึตื™ืฉืึธืจึดื™ื". ื”ื›ื•ืœ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืืจืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืžืชื’ืœื” ื‘ืขื•ืฆืžื” ื™ืชื™ืจื” ื‘ืขืช ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื•"ื”ืฉืžื™ื ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืืœ".


ื›ืœ ืืจื‘ืขืช ืžื–ืžื•ืจื™ ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืžืขืœื•ืช ืฉืื—ืจื™ื”ื (ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืงื›ื-ืงื›ื“) ื‘ืื• ื›ืชืคื™ืœื” ืœื’ืื•ืœืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื”ืœืœ ื”ืžืงื•ืฆืจ ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”'. "ื”ึทึฅืœึฐืœื•ึผ ื™ึธึจื”ึผื€ ื”ึทึญึฝืœึฐืœื•ึผ ืึถืชึพืฉืึตึฃื ื”ึ‘' ื”ึทึึฝืœึฐืœื•ึผ ืขึทื‘ึฐื“ึตึฅื™ ื”ึฝ': ืฉืึถึญึฃืขึนึฝืžึฐื“ึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐื‘ึตึฃื™ืช ื”ึ‘' ื‘ึผึฐึื—ึทืฆึฐืจึ—ื•ึนืช ื‘ึผึตึฃื™ืช ืึฑืœึนื”ึตึฝื™ื ื•ึผ" (ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืงืœื”) ื•ื”ืœืœ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ "ื”ื•ึนื“ึฃื•ึผ ืœึทื”ึฃ' ื›ึผึดื™ึพื˜ึ‘ื•ึนื‘ ื›ึผึดึ–ื™ ืœึฐืขื•ึนืœึธึฃื ื—ึทืกึฐื“ึผึฝื•ึน" (ืงืœื•). ื”ืœืœ ืฉื‘ื ืžืชื•ืš ืฉืจืื™ื ื• ืืช ืžืขืฉื” ื”' ื›ื™ "ื”ืฉืžื™ื ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืืœ ื•ืžืขืฉื” ื™ื“ื™ื• ืžื’ื™ื“ ื”ืจืงื™ืข".


ื•ื™ื”ื™ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืฉื ื–ื›ื” ืœื™ื•ื ืฉื›ื•ืœื• ืฉื‘ืช. ืฉื™ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื• "ื•ื”ื™ื• ืขื™ื ืš ืจื•ืื•ืช ืืช ืžื•ืจื™ืš ื•ืœื ื™ื›ื ืฃ ืขื•ื“ ืžื•ืจื™ืš" ื›ื™ "ืขื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ืŸ ื™ืจืื• ื‘ืฉื•ื‘ ื”' ืฆื™ื•ืŸ". ืืžืŸ ื•ืืžืŸ.


ืกื™ืคื•ืจ



ื™ึดืžึธึผืœึตื ืคึดื™ ืชึฐึผื”ึดืœึธึผืชึถืšึธ



ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื‘ื™ืจืš ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ืขื•ืฉืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ืื‘ืœ ืฉื ื™ื ืืจื•ื›ื•ืช ื•ืžืจื•ืช ืœื ื–ื›ื™ื ื• ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื. ื›ืœ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ื”ื™ืงืจื™ื ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœืžืฆื•ื ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืœื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉืœื ื•, ื•ื›ืš ืขื‘ืจื• ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชื•ืงืงื™ื ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžืฉืœื ื•. ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœืฉืœื ื›ืœ ืžื—ื™ืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื”, ื•ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื›ื™ืจื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืฉืžื—ื• ืœื”ืชืคืจื ืก ืžืžื ื”.


ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืืฆืœ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื ืื• ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืžื“ื•ืžื™ื, ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื‘ื™ืจืš ื•ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ื•ื“ืจืฉ ื•ืงื™ื‘ืœ ื›ืกืคื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืœืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื ืคืฉ ื•ืœื”ืกืจืช ืงืœืœื•ืช, ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื• ืœื ื• ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืช ืžืจื•ื‘ื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื•ืขื™ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื•ื—ืฆื™ ื“ื‘ืจ.


ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื›ืžืขื˜ ืขืœ ืกืฃ ื™ื™ืื•ืฉ ื”ืฆื™ืขื• ืœื ื• ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื–ืฆ"ืœ. ืืžืจื• ืœื ื• ืฉื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ืžืชืงื‘ืœื•ืช. ื›ืฉื”ื’ืขื ื• ืืœ ื”ืจื‘ ื•ืชื™ื ื™ื ื• ื‘ืคื ื™ื• ืืช ืฆืจืชื ื•, ืืžืจ ืœื™ ื”ืจื‘: ื–ื” ืœื ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื™, ื–ื” ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืš. ืื ืชืงืจืื™ ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื” - ืžื™ื“ ืชื™ืขื ื” ื‘ืงืฉืชืš. ืืช ืœื ื–ืงื•ืงื” ืœื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ื•ืœื ืฉืœ ืฉื•ื ืื“ื ืื—ืจ, ืชืขืฉื™ ืžื” ืฉืืžืจืชื™ ืœืš ื•ืชืจืื™ ื™ืฉื•ืขื•ืช.


ื›ืฉื™ืฆืื ื• ืžื”ืจื‘ ื‘ืขืœื™ ืจืฆื” ืœืชืช ืชืจื•ืžื” ืœื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืื• ืœืจื‘, ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืจื‘ ืœื ื”ืกื›ื™ื ืœืงื—ืช ืžืื™ืชื ื• ืืฃ ืœื ืคืจื•ื˜ื” ืื—ืช, ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ืœื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืœื• ืื• ืœืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ.


ื’ื ืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืŸ ื ื”ื’ืชื™ ืœืงืจื•ื ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื›ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื–ื” ื›ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืœื•ืžื“ื”. ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืชืžืงื“ืชื™ ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ืฉื’ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื ืžืžืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”. ื—ืฉืชื™ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ื‘ื”' ื‘ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื, ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉืžื—ื”, ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืขื ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืžืœืš ื•ืขื ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ. ืžืžืฉ ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืื•ืฆืจ ื•ืœื ื”ืฉืชืžืฉืชื™ ื‘ื• ืขื“ ื›ื”.


ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ืจื‘ ืืžืจ, ื•ื–ื›ื™ืชื™ ืžื™ื“ ืœื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ. ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžืื•ืฉืจ ื‘ืื“ื, ื•ืžื™ื“ ื›ืฉื ื•ื“ืข ืœื ื• ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื—ื–ืจื ื• ืœืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ืฉืจ ืœื• ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉื•ืจื” ื•ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช. ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื— ืื™ืชื ื• ื•ืืžืจ: ืชืžืฉื™ื›ื™ ืขื ื”ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ื›ืžื• ืฉืืช ืงื•ืจืืช ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื”, ื›ื™ ืžื™ ืฉืงื•ืจื ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื” โ€“ ื ืขื ื”.


ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื‘ื•ื ืœืชืช ืœืจื‘ ืชืจื•ืžื” ื ื›ื‘ื“ื” ืขืœ ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ืฉื–ื™ื›ืชื” ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ื™ืœื“ ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ืฉืœื ืžืฉืœื ื•. ื”ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืžืขื˜ืคื” ืขื‘ื”, ื•ืื ื™ ืืžืจืชื™ ื‘ืœื™ื‘ื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืกืคืง ืฉื”ืจื‘ ืœื ื™ื™ืงื— ืžืื•ืžื”. ืื•ืœื™ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื–ื” ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ื ืฉืžืขื•ืช ื‘ืฉืžื™ื™ื. ื”ื›ื•ืœ ืืฆืœื• ื ืงื™, ื”ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉื ืฉืžื™ื™ื. ืžืžืฉ ื›ืžื• ืคืจืงื™ ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืฉื ืืžืจื™ื ื‘ื˜ื”ืจืช ื”ืœื‘.


ื”ื’ืขื ื• ืœืจื‘ ืขื ื”ืจืš ื”ื ื•ืœื“, ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื• ืœื• ื ืจื’ืฉื•ืช, ื•ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืฉื™ื‘ ื‘ืขื ื•ื•ื”: ืชื’ื™ื“ื• ืชื•ื“ื” ืœืงื‘"ื” ืฉืฉืžืข ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื•ืืช ื”ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœืš. ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืขื˜ืคื” ืžื›ื™ืกื•, ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืจื‘ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ื” ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ: ืชื—ื–ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื” ืœื›ื™ืก, ืื ื™ ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืžืื•ืžื”. ื”ืขื™ืงืจ ืฉืืช ืชืžืฉื™ื›ื™ ืขื ื”ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœืš.


ืžืื– ื•ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ืื ื™ ืžืฉืชื“ืœืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื‘ืช ืœื’ืžื•ืจ ืืช ืกืคืจ ื”ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ื›ื•ืœื•  ื•ืžื‘ืงืฉืช ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ื™ืฉื•ืขื”, ืคืจื ืกื” ืื• ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ื•ื‘"ื” ืฉืžืชื™ ืœื‘ ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื™ ืงื•ืจืืช ื‘ืืžืช ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื”, ืื ื™ ื ืขื ื™ืช. ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืžืจ ื”ืจื‘.


(ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื›ืจืš ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื™ ืžืกื“ืจืช "ืื‘ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ" ืฉื™ืฆื ื–ื” ืขืชื” ืœืื•ืจ)


 


ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื›ื”ืœื›ื”



ืชื—ื™ื™ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ. ืื™ืš ืื ื™, ื›ื ืขืจ, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœืงื“ื ืืช ืชื—ื™ื™ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ?


ื”ื™ื•ื - ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืฉืžื—ื”, ื•ื‘ื’ืžื™ืœื•ืช ื—ืกื“ ืขื ื”ืกื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชืš. ื‘ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื•ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ื•ื‘ืฆื“ืงื” ืขื ื”ื ื–ืงืงื™ื. ืžื—ืจ - ื‘ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืขืœ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื™ืชื—ื–ืง ื•ื™ืชืขืฆื.


 


 


ื”ืฉืœื ื–ื” ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ. ื–ื›ื™ื ื• ืœื’ื•ืจ ื‘ืื—ื“ ืžื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ ื”ื‘ืงืขื”, ื•ื‘"ื” ื™ืฉ ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช. ืื‘ืœ  ืงืฉื” ืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื•ื”ืฉืชืงืขื•ืช ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉืœืงื‘"ื” ืื™ืŸ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช.  ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื” ืฉืื ื™ ืฉื•ื›ื—ืช ืžื”ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ  ื›ืฉืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืจืง ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ืฉืœื™. ืื™ืš ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืœื›ืช ื‘ื™ื—ื“?


ื›ืš ื”ื™ื” ื’ื ื›ืฉืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ื›ื ืก ืœืืจืฅ ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ื ื•ืŸ. ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื‘ื•ื ื” ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช, ื•ืื– ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ืœื— ืื•ืชื ื• ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœื•. ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”' ื”ื•ื ืฉื ื‘ื ื” ืืช ื‘ืชื™ื ื• ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืืจืฅ, ื•ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉื ื‘ื ื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืื•ืชื ื• ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ.


 


 


ืื‘ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ. ื”ืื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืงื ื•ืช ืืช ืกืคืจื™ "ืื‘ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ" ืžื›ืกืคื™ ืžืขืฉืจ?


ืืคืฉืจ, ืจืง ืื ืฉืžื™ื ืืช ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉ ืื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช. ื›ืกืคื™ ืžืขืฉืจ ืœื ื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืคืจื˜ื™, ืืœื ืื ื›ืŸ ืืชื” ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื ืœืฆื•ืจื›ื™ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ.


 


 


ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืœื™ ืžืกื›ื”. ืื ื• ืขื•ืจื›ื™ื ื‘ืข"ื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ื‘ื ื›ื ืก ื”ื•ื“ื™ื” ืขืœ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื”. ื–ื”ื• ื”ื›ื ืก ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืžืฉืชืชืฃ ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืžืื– ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื”.  ื”ืื ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ืจืš ื‘ื›ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืจื›ืช "ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•" ื‘ืฉื ื•ืžืœื›ื•ืช?


ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื—ื•ืœืฆื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื•ืœื‘ืจืš ืขืœื™ื”. ืœื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืžืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืœื ืžืฆื“ื™ืงื” ื‘ืจื›ื”, ืืœื ืฉืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืืช ื”ืจื’ืข ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ืจื›ื”. ื•ื”ื—ื•ืœืฆื” ืคื•ืชืจืช ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื”, ื›ืžื• ื‘ื—ืชื•ื ื” ืฉืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื ืขืœ ื˜ืœื™ืช ื—ื“ืฉื”.


 


 


 

ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
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