ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ืœื•ื— ืฉื ื” ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช

ื”ืงื“ืฉืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืืชืจ

ื”ืงื“ืฉ

ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
 ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืžื“ื™ื ื”
  • ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช, ื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื ื•ืคืฉ
  • ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืœื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื โ€“ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉื™ ื˜ื—ืŸ
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
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6 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืœื“ืจืšืื–ื•ืจ ืฉื•ืจื˜ื™ืืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ืืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขืกื“ืจื•ืชืกืคืจื™ื”ืคืกืงื™ ื“ื™ืŸื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš
ืื™ืฉื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื ื™ื“ืชื” ืจืฉืื™ืช ืœืจื—ื•ืฅ ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื‘ืขืœื” ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื›ื” ื•ื‘ื™ื, ื•ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื‘ื•ืื• ืœืงืœื•ืช ืจืืฉ. ื•ืœื ื™ื›ื ืกื• ื™ื—ื“ื™ื• ืœื’โ€™ืงื•ื–ื™ ืื• ืœื‘ืจื™ื›ื” ืงื˜ื ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืœื ืžืฆืื ื• ืฉื“ื™ื‘ืจื• ื›ืœืœ ืžืจื—ื™ืฆื” ื‘ืžื™ื ื™ื—ื“ื™ื•, ื•ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืœืœื›ืช ืœื ื”ืจ ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื”, ื•ืœื ืžืฆืื ื• ื‘ื–ื” ืฉื•ื ืจืžื– ืœื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ืœื ื‘ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืชื—ืงื•ืช ืื—ืจ ืžื” ืฉื ืคืกืง ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื”ื”ืจื—ืงื•ืช ื•ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื•ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื“ืžื•ืช ืžื™ืœืชื ืœืžื™ืœืชื.
ื”ื ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื™ืชืŸ ืืช ื”ื“ืขืช ืขืœ ืฉืชื™ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช. ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ื”ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืงืœื•ืช ืจืืฉ. ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ื”, ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื–ืจื ื”ืžื™ื ืฉืžื’ื™ืข ืžื”ืื—ื“ ืืœ ื”ืฉื ื™, ื•ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื ื™ื”ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื”ืื—ื“ ืืช ื”ื–ืจื ื”ืžื’ื™ืข ืžืžื” ืฉื ื•ืฆืจ ืžืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื ื™.
ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœืžื“ื ื• ื‘ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš (ื™ื•ืดื“ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืงืฆื” ืกืดื): ืดื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืื“ื ืœืคืจื•ืฉ ืžืื™ืฉืชื• ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื˜ื•ืžืืชื” ืขื“ ืฉืชืกืคื•ืจ ื•ืชื˜ื‘ื•ืœ. ื•ืœื ื™ืฉื—ื•ืง ื•ืœื ื™ืงืœ ืจืืฉ ืขืžื” ืฉืžื ื™ืจื’ื™ืœ ืœืขื‘ื™ืจื”".
ื•ืžื“ื™ื•ืง ืœืฉื•ื ื• ืขื•ืœื” ืฉื ืืกืจ ืจืง ืงืœื•ืช ืจืืฉ ื”ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืฆื•ื•ืชื ืขื ื”ืื™ืฉื”, ื•ืœื ื ืืกืจ ืื ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ืจืืฉ ืœื‘ื“ื• ืื• ืขื ืื—ืจื™ื, ื•ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืœืฉื—ืง ื‘ืžืฉื—ืง ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื•. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื™ื–ื”ืจ ื›ืฉืจื•ื—ืฅ ืขื ืืฉืชื• ื‘ืžื™ื ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœ ืงืœื•ืช ืจืืฉ ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ืขืžื”, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืืฃ ืฉืจืฉืื™ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืœืจื—ื•ืฅ ืœื”ื ืืชื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ืฉื ื™ ื’ื ื›ืŸ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืžื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื™ืฉื—ืงื• ื™ื—ื“ื™ื• ื‘ืžื™ื, ื•ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื™ื–ืจืงื• ื›ื“ื•ืจ ืื—ื“ ืœืฉื ื™, ื•ืœื ื™ืฉืคืจื™ืฆื• ืžื™ื ืื—ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื”. ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืขื•ื“ื ื‘ืžื™ื ื ืจืื” ืฉืžื•ืชืจ, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืœ ืงืœื•ืช ืจืืฉ, ื›ืฉื ืฉืจืฉืื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืžื™ื (ื•ืจืื” ื‘ืžืฉืžืจืช ื”ื˜ื”ืจื” ืกื™ืžืŸ ืงืฆื” ืกืดื– ื‘ืฉื ื”ื’ืจื™ืดืฉ ืืœื™ืฉื™ื‘ ืœืืกื•ืจ ืœืฉื—ืง ื‘ื™ื—ื“).
ื•ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื™ื–ื”ืจ ืฉื–ืจื ืžื™ื ืžื”ืื—ื“ ืœื ื™ื–ืจื•ื ืืœ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื›ื”, ื ืจืื” ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžื›ืžื” ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช. ื•ื ืคืชื— ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžื ื—ืช ื™ืขืงื‘ (ืจื™ืฉืจ, ืฉืืœื” ื™ื’ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืกืคืจ) ืฉื ืฉืืœ ืื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื ืคื•ื— ืขืคืจื•ืจื™ืช ืื• ื ื•ืฆื” ืžื‘ื’ื“ื™ ืืฉืชื•, ื•ื”ืขืœื” ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ื—ื• ื›ื’ื•ืคื•, ื•ื›ื“ืื™ืชื ื‘ื‘ื‘ื ืงืžื (ื ื˜, ื‘) ืฉื”ืžืœื‘ื” ืืฉ ื•ื”ื–ื™ืง, ืืฃ ืฉืœื ืขืฉื” ืจืง ื”ืคื—ืช ืจื•ื— ื‘ืขืœืžื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื–ื™ืง ื‘ื’ื•ืคื• ืžืžืฉ. ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืคืจืง ื”ื›ื•ื ืก (ื™ื—, ื‘) ืœืžื“ื ื• ืฉืชืจื ื’ื•ืœ ืฉื”ื•ืฉื™ื˜ ืจืืฉื• ืœืื•ื™ืจ ื›ืœื™ ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช ื•ืชืงืข ื‘ื• ื•ืฉื‘ืจื• ืžืฉืœื ื ื–ืง ืฉืœื, ื•ื›ืŸ ืกื•ืก ืฉืฆื ืฃ ื•ื—ืžื•ืจ ืฉื ืขืจ ื•ืฉื™ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ื›ืœื™ื ืžืฉืœื ื—ืฆื™ ื ื–ืง. ื•ื›ืชื‘ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื“ื—ื•ืช ื–ืืช ื•ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœืžื“ ืžื‘ื”ืžื”, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืžื”ืจื™ืดืœ (ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืจื›ื) ืœืžื“ ืžื›ืืŸ ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ืžืฉื•ื ื›ื—ื• ื›ื’ื•ืคื• ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ ืขื›ื•ืดื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื ื™ืคื•ื— ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœ.
ืืžื ื ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” (ื“ืดื” ืื™ื‘ืจื) ื›ืชื‘ ืฉืื—ืจ ื”ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื ืจืื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืืฃ ืขืœ ื’ื‘ ืฉื›ื—ื• ื›ื’ื•ืคื• ื“ืžื™, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืœื ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ื ื’ื™ืขื” ืžืžืฉ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืืกื•ืจ ื”ืคื—ืช ื ื•ืฆื” ืฉืขืœ ื‘ื’ื“ ืืฉืชื• ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื”. ื•ื”ืจืื™ื” ืœื–ื” ืžื’ืžืจื ืคืกื—ื™ื (ืฆื‘, ื‘) ืฉืžื ืคื— ืื“ื ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจืก ื•ื”ื•ืœืš, ื•ืคืจืฉืดื™ ืฉื’ื–ืจื• ืจื‘ื ืŸ ืฉืžื ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ืขืฆื ื›ืฉืขื•ืจื” ื•ืžื˜ืžื ื‘ืžื’ืข ืื• ื‘ืžืฉื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื ืคื—ื• ื‘ืคื™ื•, ื•ืื ื™ืฉ ืขืฆื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ืจืื ื•, ื•ืขืฆื ื›ืฉืขื•ืจื” ื ื“ื—ื” ื‘ื ืคื™ื—ืชื•. ื•ื“ื™ื™ืง ื”ืžื ื—ืช ื™ืขืงื‘ ืฉืื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžื—ืฉื™ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื ืคื™ื—ื” ื›ื ื’ื™ืขื” ืžื” ืžื•ืขื™ืœ ื ืคื™ื—ื” ื–ื•, ื•ื”ืจื™ ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื”ื•ื ื›ื ื•ื’ืข ืขืดื™ ื”ื ืคื™ื—ื”. ื•ื‘ืืžืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืจื—ืง ืจื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืจืื™ื” ื–ื• ืœื“ื™ืŸ ืžื–ื™ืง, ืฉื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ืžื–ื™ืง ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืœื”ื–ื™ืง ืืช ื”ืฉื ื™ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉืžื ื’ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืคื—ื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ืžื–ื™ืง, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ื˜ื•ืžืื” ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืืช ื”ื˜ื•ืžืื” ื•ืจืง ื‘ืžื’ืข ื™ืฉ ืงืฉืจ ื™ืฉื™ืจ ื‘ื™ื ื• ืœื˜ื•ืžืื” ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื ืคื™ื—ื” ื”ื™ื•ืฆืืช ืžืคื™ื• ืื™ืŸ ืงืฉืจ ืœื˜ื•ืžืื” ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื ืคื™ื—ื” ื”ืœื›ื” ืœื”ื•ืื™ื ื” ืžืงื•ืฉืจืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื ื”ืื“ื.
ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืื•ืคืŸ ืœื“ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืžืกื‘ืจื ืฉืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืจื—ืงื•ืช ืžื“ื™ื ื™ ื ื–ื™ืงื™ืŸ, ื“ืฉื ื”ืฉืืœื” ืื ื›ื— ื”ืžื–ื™ืง ื”ื•ื™ ื›ื’ื•ืคื•, ื•ื–ืืช ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ื ื–ื™ืงื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื”ื•ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื’ืข, ืื‘ืœ ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืจื—ืงื•ืช ื”ื ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืงื™ืจื‘ื” ื•ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉืžื ื™ืจื’ื™ืœื• ืœืขื‘ื™ืจื” ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื ื™ื“ื•ื ื™ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื. ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืžืฆืืชื™ ืฉื›ืŸ ื—ื™ืœืง ื’ื ื‘ืฉื•ืดืช ื‘ืืจ ืžืฉื” (ื—ืดื“ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืกื’).
ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืคื—ืช ื”ื ื•ืฆื” ืืฃ ืื ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืœื›ื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ื—ื• ื›ื’ื•ืคื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืจืื” ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ืขื™ืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืœื—ื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”: "ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืžื ื—ืช ื™ืขืงื‘ ืฉืžื•ืชืจ ืœื ืคื— ื”ืขืคืจ ืื• ื”ื ื•ืฆื•ืช ืžืขืœ ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ืืฉืชื• ื ื“ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืœื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื•ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ื“ืื•ืœื™ ื’ื ื‘ื–ื” ื™ื‘ื•ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ืงื™ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื“ืขืช, ื•ื”ืžื—ืžื™ืจ ืชื‘ื•ื ืขืœื™ื• ื”ื‘ืจื›ื”".
ื•ื”ื ื” ื™ืฉ ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉืืœืชื™ื ื• ื•ืœืœื•ืžื“ื• ืžื›ืžื” ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช:
ื. ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ืฆื™ื•ืจ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื•ื ืžื” ืฉืคืกืง ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš (ืกื™ืžืŸ ืงืฆื” ืกืขื™ืฃ ื™ื‘) ืฉืืฉื” ืืกื•ืจื” ืœื™ืฆื•ืง ืœื• ืžื™ื, ืœืจื—ื•ืฅ ืคื ื™ื• ื™ื“ื™ื• ื•ืจื’ืœื™ื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืื™ื ื” ื ื•ื’ืขืช ื‘ื•, ื•ื‘ืจืฉื‘ืดื (ื”ื•ื‘ื ื‘ื˜ืดื– ืกืงืดื—) ื›ืชื‘ ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื•ื ืจื•ื—ืฅ ื•ื”ื™ื ืžื•ืฆืงืช. ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉืจืง ื›ื”ืื™ ื’ื•ื•ื ื ืฉืžื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืœืฉืคื•ืš ืขืœ ื’ื•ืคื• ื•ืœืจื•ื—ืฆื• ืืกื•ืจ, ืื‘ืœ ืœืœื ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืžื•ืชืจ, ื•ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉื–ืจื ื”ืžื™ื ืžืชื ื•ืขื•ืชื™ื” ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืืœื™ื• ืื™ืŸ ืœืืกื•ืจ.

ื‘. ื”ืžื”ืจืดื ืžืจื•ื˜ื ื‘ื•ืจื’ (ืกื™ืžืŸ ืงื›ื“) ืืกืจ ืœื‘ืขืœ ืœื–ืจื•ืง ืžืคืชื— ืื• ืžืขื•ืช ืืœ ื™ื“ ืืฉืชื•, ื•ืกื‘ืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื’ืขื•ืจ ื‘ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื›ืŸ. ื•ื–ื” ืœื ื›ื“ืขืช ื”ืจืฉื‘ืดืฅ (ื—ืดื’ ืกื™ืžืŸ ื ื— ืื•ืช ื”โ€™) ื•ื”ืžื”ืจื™ืงืดืฉ (ื™ื•ืดื“ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืงืฆื”, ื”ื•ื‘ืื• ื‘ืฉื™ื•ืจื™ ื‘ืจื›ื” ืื•ืช ื”โ€™) ืฉื”ืชื™ืจื• ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื“ืจืš ืฉื—ื•ืง.

ื•ื”ื—ื™ื“ืดื ื‘ืฉื™ื•ืจื™ ื‘ืจื›ื” (ืกืงืดื•) ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืื•ืžืฅ (ืกื™ืžืŸ ื›ื”) ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ื—ื™ (ืฉื ื” ื‘ ืคืจืฉืช ืฆื• ืื•ืช ื›ื‘) ืคืกืงื• ื›ื”ืžื”ืจืดื ืœืืกื•ืจ ื–ืจื™ืงืช ื—ืคืฅ ืžื–ื” ืœื–ื”. ื•ื‘ืกืคืจ ืžืฉืžืจืช ื”ื˜ื”ืจื” (ืกื™ืžืŸ ืงืฆื” ื‘ื‘ื™ื”ืดืœ ืื•ืช ื˜) ื—ืงืจ ืื ื˜ืขื ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื•ืฉื˜ื” ืžืื—ื“ ืœืฉื ื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉืžื ื™ื’ืข ื‘ื‘ืฉืจื” ืื• ืžืฉื•ื ื”ืจื—ืงื” ืžื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืจื—ืงื•ืช ื ื™ื“ื”, ืฉืœื ื™ื‘ื•ืื• ืœื™ื“ื™ ืื™ืกื•ืจ. ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืฉื‘ืฉื•ืดืช ื”ืจืฉื‘ืดื (ื—ืดื ืืœืฃ ืงืคืดื—) ื›ืชื‘: "ื•ื›ืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื•ืฉื˜ืช ื›ืœื™ ืžื™ื“ ืืฉืชื• ื ื“ื” ืœื™ื“ื• ืืกื•ืจ ืœืคื™ ืฉืœื‘ื• ื’ืก ื‘ื”, ื•ื‘ืงื™ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืขื˜ ืื™ื›ื ืœืžื™ื—ืฉ ืœื”ืจื’ืœ ืขื‘ื™ืจื”", ืžืฉืžืข ืฉื ืืกืจ ื–ื” ืžืฉื•ื ื”ืจื—ืงื” ื•ืœื ืฉืžื ื™ื’ืข, ื•ืœืคื™ ื–ื” ื’ื ื‘ืจื—ื™ืฆื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื›ื” ื™ืฉ ืงื™ืจื‘ื” ืžืขื˜ ื•ื ืจืื” ืœืืกื•ืจ ืžืฉื•ื ื—ื•ืžืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืจื—ืงื” ืฉืžื ื™ื‘ื•ืื• ืœื™ื“ื™ ื”ืจื’ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ.
ื•ืžืื™ื“ืš ื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ื‘ืžืขืฉื” ื“ืืœื™ื”ื• (ืฉื‘ืช ื™ื’, ื‘ ื“ืดื” ื‘ื™ืžื™) ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืฉืจืฉืดื™ ืืกืจ ื”ื•ืฉื˜ืช ืžืคืชื—, ื•ื“ื™ื™ืงื• ืืช ื˜ืขื ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืžืžื” ืฉืืžืจ ืืœื™ื”ื• โ€™ื•ื ื’ืข ื‘ื™ืš ื‘ืืฆื‘ืข ืงื˜ื ื”โ€™, ืžืฉืžืข ืฉื”ืงืคื™ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ืจืง ืขืœ ื ื’ื™ืขื”. ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื™ืจื•ื—ื ืฉื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ โ€™ืฉืœื ื™ื•ืฉื™ื˜ ืืคื™ืœื• ื“ื‘ืจ ืืจื•ืš ืฉืžื ืœื ื™ื–ื”ืจ ื‘ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื™ื’ืข ื‘ื™ื“ื”โ€™.
ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉื–ื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘ืดืŸ (ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช) ืฉื˜ืขื ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื•ื ื”ืจื—ืงื” ื™ืชื™ืจื”.
ื•ืœืคื™ ื“ื™ืขื” ื–ื• ื™ื•ืฆื ืฉื”ืงืคื™ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ืจืง ื‘ืžืกื™ืจื” ืžื”ืื—ื“ ืœืฉื ื™ ืฉืื– ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื™ื’ืขื• ื–ื” ื‘ื–ื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื–ื•ืจืง ืื—ื“ ืœืฉื ื™ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืš ื”ื™ื ื›ื•ื ืชื, ืื‘ืœ ืœืจื—ื•ืฅ ื™ื—ื“ื™ื• ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื›ื” ืงื˜ื ื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ื ืžืชื›ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื–ืจื ื”ืžื™ื ื™ืœืš ืžื”ืื—ื“ ืœืฉื ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื ืจืื” ืœืืกื•ืจ. ื–ืืช ื•ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš ืืกืจ ื”ื•ืฉื˜ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื•ืื ื”ื™ื” ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื–ืจื™ืงื” ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื• ืœืืกื•ืจ ื–ืจื™ืงื” ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื”ื•ืฉื˜ื” ื‘ืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ.
ื•ืœืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš ืคืกืง ืฉื˜ืขื ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื•ืฉื˜ื” ื”ื•ื ืฉืžื ื™ื’ืข, ืฉื›ืชื‘ "ืœื ื™ื•ืฉื™ื˜ ืžื™ื“ื• ืœื™ื“ื” ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื•ืœื ื™ืงื‘ืœื ื• ืžื™ื“ื” ืฉืžื ื™ื’ืข ื‘ื‘ืฉืจื”", ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื›ื” ื›ืœืœ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื ื›ืœื•ื ืžื”ืื—ื“ ืœืฉื ื™, ื•ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ืจืง ืžื™ื ืฉื–ื•ืจืžื™ื, ื–ืืช ื•ืขื•ื“ ืฉืขืœ ืขืฆื ื—ื•ืžืจืช ื–ืจื™ืงื” ืžื”ืื—ื“ ืœืฉื ื™ ื—ืœืงื• ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ืกื‘ืจื• ืœื”ืงืœ ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื‘ื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ.

ื’. ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžืดื (ืงืฆื” ืกืดื”): "ืืกื•ืจ ืœื™ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ืกืคืกืœ ืืจื•ืš ืฉืžืชื ื“ื ื“ืช ื•ืื™ื ื” ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ืœื›ื•ืชืœ", ื•ื‘ื˜ืดื– (ืกืงืดื•) ื ืชืŸ ื˜ืขื ืžืฉื•ื ื”ืจื”ื•ืจ. ื•ื”ืฉืดืš ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืกืคืกืœ ืžืชื ื•ื“ื“ ื”ื•ื™ ื›ื ื’ื™ืขื”. ืื™ ื ืžื™ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืฉื ื™ื”ื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™ื” ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ื”ื•ืดืœ ื›ืื™ืœื• ื™ืฉืŸ ืขื™ืžื” ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืžื™ื˜ื” ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืืฃ ื‘ืœื ืฉื•ื ื ื’ื™ืขื”. ื•ื‘ืชืจื•ืžืช ื”ื“ืฉืŸ ืกื‘ืจ ืฉื ืจืื” ื›ื“ืจืš ื”ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื”ืžืชืงื‘ืฆื™ื ื™ื—ื“.
ื•ื”ืฉืชื ื ื—ื–ื™ ืื ืŸ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืจื—ื™ืฆื”, ืฉืœื“ืขืช ื”ื˜ืดื– ืฉืœืžื“ ืฉื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื•ื ื”ืจื”ื•ืจ, ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื‘ื”ืจื’ืฉืช ืชื ื•ืขืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืžืชืขื•ืจืจ ื”ืจื”ื•ืจ ื•ื™ืฉ ื–ืืช ื’ื ื‘ื–ืจื ื”ืžื™ื. ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืฉืดืš ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื“ื”ื•ื™ ื›ื ื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ื–ื” ืฉื”ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ื ื“ื ื•ื“. ืื•ืœื ืœื˜ืขืžื• ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืดืš ื ืจืื” ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ืฉืจืง ื›ืฉื”ื ืขืœ ืื•ืชื• ื”ืกืคืกืœ ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื–ื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื ื™ืฉื ื™ื ื™ื—ื“ื™ื• ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื”ืžื™ื˜ื” ื•ืœื ืื ื”ื ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืจื™ื›ื”, ืฉืื ืœื ื›ืŸ ืื–ื™ ื’ื ื ืืกื•ืจ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื—ื“ืจ ืื• ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ืจื›ื‘. ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืชืจื•ืžืช ื”ื“ืฉืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ืกืคืกืœ ื ืจืื” ื›ื“ืจืš ื”ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ืœื ืื ืžืชืจื—ืฆื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื”ื‘ืจื™ื›ื”.
ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื—ื™ื“ืดื (ื‘ืฉื™ื•ืจื™ ื‘ืจื›ื” ืกืดืง ื˜ื•) ื›ืชื‘ ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžืดื ืฉื”ืกืคืจื“ื™ื ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื”ื™ืชืจ ื‘ืกืคืกืœ, ื•ืขื•ื“ ืฉื˜ืขืžื™ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื›ื“ืœืขื™ืœ, ืœื›ืŸ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ืจื—ื™ืฆื” ื ืจืื” ืœื”ืงืœ ื’ื ืœืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ื.

ื“. ื‘ืฉื•ืดืช ื‘ืืจ ืžืฉื” (ื—ืดื“ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืกื’) ื”ืชื™ืจ ืœื‘ืขืœ ืœื›ื‘ื•ืช ื ืจ ืฉืžื—ื–ื™ืงื” ืืฉืชื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื ืคื™ื—ื”, ื•ืžืื™ื“ืš ืืกืจ ืœื ืคื•ื— ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืืฉืชื•. ื•ืืฃ ืฉืœื ื ืชืŸ ื˜ืขื ืœื—ื™ืœื•ืง ื‘ื ื™ื”ื, ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ืฉื›ืฉื ื•ืคื— ืžื”ื‘ืœ ืคื™ื• ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืืฉืชื• ื”ื•ื™ ื›ืขื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื ื™ื”ื, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื ืจ ื›ืœ ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ื”ื•ื ืจืง ืœื›ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื ืจ ืœืœื ืงืฉืจ ืœืืฉืชื•. ื•ืœืคื™ ื–ื” ื’ื ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื›ื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืฉื–ืจื ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื’ื™ืข ืžืŸ ื”ืื—ื“ ืืœ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืžื•ืชืจ.

ื”. ื”ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ื—ื™ (ืคืจืฉืช ืฆื• ืื•ืช ื›ื‘) ืืกืจ ืฉืชื ื™ืฃ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืžื ื™ืคื” ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืœื™ื• ืจื•ื— ืงืจ, ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ืคืœืื’โ€™ื™ (ืžื•ืขื“ ืœื›ืœ ื—ื™), ื•ื‘ืฉื•ืดืช ื™ื“ ืืœื™ื”ื• (ืกื•ืฃ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืกื”) ืืกืจ ืœื‘ืขืœ ืœื”ืชื—ืžื ืžื ืจ ืฉื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืืฉืชื•. ื•ื‘ืื’ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื” (ื™ื•ืดื“ ื—ืดื‘ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืคื’) ื”ืชื™ืจ ืœื‘ืจืš ื‘ืจื›ืช ืžืื•ืจื™ ื”ืืฉ ื•ืœื”ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื ืจ ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœื” ืฉื‘ื™ื“ ืืฉืชื•, ื•ืœื ื“ืžื™ ืœืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื”ื™ื“ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื“ืœืขื™ืœ ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื”ื˜ืื‘ืง ืื• ืœื—ืžื ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ื ืจ ืฉืืฉืชื• ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื” ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืฉื ื”ื”ื‘ืœ ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื ื™ื”ื, ืžื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืŸ ืœื”ื ื•ืช ืžื”ื ืจ ืฉื‘ื™ื“ื” ืื™ืŸ ืฉื ืฉื•ื ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ. ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ื—ื™ ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ืกื™ื’ืจื™ื” ืื• ื ืจ ืžื”ืฉืœื”ื‘ืช ืฉื‘ื™ื“ื”, ื•ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื ืฉื›ืœ ืืœื• ื”ืžืขืฉื™ื ืืกื•ืจื™ื ืืฃ ืฉืื™ื ื ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื™ื‘ื”. ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื›ืœ ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืžื ื•ืข ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื ื™ื”ื ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืืœื•, ืื‘ืœ ื–ืจื ืžื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืœืš ืžืื—ื“ ืœืฉื ื™ ืื™ื ื• ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื”.

ื•ืื ื›ืŸ ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื ื ืจืื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ื™ื—ื“ื™ื• ืœืžื™ื ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœ ืงืœื•ืช ืจืืฉ. ื•ืœื ืžื‘ืขื™ ื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืจื—ื‘ ื™ื“ื™ื, ื•ื’ื ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืชื ื•ืขืช ื’ืœื™ื ืชืžื™ื“ื™ืช ื”ืžื‘ื˜ืœืช ื›ืœ ื–ืจื ืžื™ื ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืžื”ืื—ื“ ืœืฉื ื™, ื•ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื‘ื ื”ืจ ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื”, ืืœื ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื›ื” ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ื•ื‘ื™ื—ื•ื“ ืื ื”ืคื™ืœื˜ืจ ืขื•ื‘ื“, ืฉืื– ืžืžื™ืœื ื™ืฉ ื–ืจื ืžื™ื ืชืžื™ื“ื™, ืื• ืื ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืขื ื™ืœื“ื™ื”ื ืฉืื– ื™ืฉ ืชื ื•ืขืช ืžื™ื ื’ื ืžื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื. ื•ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื ืดืœ ื”ื•ื ืจืง ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื›ื” ืฉืื™ื ื” ืงื˜ื ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืฉืื– ื•ื“ืื™ ื™ืฉ ืœืืกื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื•ื ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืจื—ืงื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื›ืžื•ืช ืžื™ื ืงื˜ื ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืชื ื•ืขืช ื”ืฉื ื™, ื•ื›ืฉื ืฉืœื ื™ืขืœื” ืขืœ ื”ื“ืขืช ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ืœื”ื›ื™ื ืก ื™ื—ื“ื™ื• ืœื’โ€™ืงื•ื–ื™ ื•ืœื ืœืืžื‘ื˜ื™ื”.





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ื”ืจื‘ ืฉื™ ื˜ื—ืŸ

ืจืืฉ ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืขืจื™ ืขื–ืจื” ื‘ื‘ืจื•ืงืœื™ืŸ ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง, ื•ืจืืฉ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื•ืจืื” ืืจื–ื™ ื”ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ. ื”ืจื‘ ื˜ื—ืŸ ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืขืœื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ ื”ืžื•ืคืฅ ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื•ืงื ื“ื” ื•ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืกืคืจื™ื ื‘ื”ืœื›ื”.
ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืœื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื โ€“ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉื™ ื˜ื—ืŸ
ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืœื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื โ€“ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉื™ ื˜ื—ืŸ
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื

ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืžื”ื™ืจ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืฉืคื™ืจื
     ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืฉืคื™ืจื
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื—ื™ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื—ื™ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื ื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ืกื‘ืจื’
     ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื ื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ืกื‘ืจื’
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื’ื™ ืœื•ื ื“ื™ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื’ื™ ืœื•ื ื“ื™ืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื‘ ื‘ืขืจืœ ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื‘ ื‘ืขืจืœ ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืฆื‘ื™ ืฉื›ื˜ืจ
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืฆื‘ื™ ืฉื›ื˜ืจ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื’
     ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื’
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืจ
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืจ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืงื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืงื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ
  • ื”ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื‘ืฉืœ ืื•ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืžื ื’ืœ ืฉื”ื•ื›ืฉืจ ื›ืจืื•ื™ ื™ื“ืœื™ืงื ื• ืžืืฉ ืžืฆื•ื™ื”
    ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืœื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื โ€“ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉื™ ื˜ื—ืŸ

    ื”ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื‘ืฉืœ ืื•ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืžื ื’ืœ ืฉื”ื•ื›ืฉืจ ื›ืจืื•ื™ ื™ื“ืœื™ืงื ื• ืžืืฉ ืžืฆื•ื™ื”

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉื™ ื˜ื—ืŸ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืจืฉืื™ ืœืฆืืช ืœื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืœ ื”ืžื•ืขื“ ืืฃ ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ ืืช ืจื›ื‘ื•
    ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืœื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื โ€“ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉื™ ื˜ื—ืŸ

    ืจืฉืื™ ืœืฆืืช ืœื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืœ ื”ืžื•ืขื“ ืืฃ ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ ืืช ืจื›ื‘ื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉื™ ื˜ื—ืŸ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืจืฉืื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืœืื›ื” ื’ืžื•ืจื” ื‘ื—ื•ืœ ื”ืžื•ืขื“ ืื ื ืฆืจืš ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื˜ื™ื•ืœื•
    ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืœื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื โ€“ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉื™ ื˜ื—ืŸ

    ืจืฉืื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืœืื›ื” ื’ืžื•ืจื” ื‘ื—ื•ืœ ื”ืžื•ืขื“ ืื ื ืฆืจืš ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื˜ื™ื•ืœื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉื™ ื˜ื—ืŸ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื‘ืงืจื‘ื” ืืœ ื”ืžืœืš
    40 ื“ืง'
    ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืคืจืงื™ื ืœืจืžื‘"ื

    ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื‘ืงืจื‘ื” ืืœ ื”ืžืœืš

    ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ 5

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ื‘ืžืฉืœ ื”ืืจืžื•ืŸ ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกื ืžืชื•ืš "ืžื•ืจื” ื”ื ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื", ื”ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืืช ื”ื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืงืจื‘ื” ืœื”' ื•ื‘ื”ื’ืฉืžืช ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื• ื”ืฉื›ืœื™ ื•ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื. ื“ืจืš ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื•ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ืืชื’ืจื™ ื”ืฉืขื”, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืขืžื•ืง, ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืคื’ืฉ ืขื ื”ื‘ื•ืจื.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืžืœืžื“ | ื•' ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืื–ื™ื ื• ืชืฉืคื– โ€“ ื™ื•ื ื›ื™ืคื•ืจ - ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืงื“ืฉื™ื
    57 ื“ืง'
    ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ืš - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•

    ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืื–ื™ื ื• ืชืฉืคื– โ€“ ื™ื•ื ื›ื™ืคื•ืจ - ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืงื“ืฉื™ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื• | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžื“ื•ืข ื”' ืžื ืกื” ืืช ื”ืื“ื - "ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ื ื ื™ืกื” ืืช ืื‘ืจื”ื"
    36 ื“ืง'
    ืขืฉืจืช ื™ืžื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”

    ืžื“ื•ืข ื”' ืžื ืกื” ืืช ื”ืื“ื - "ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ื ื ื™ืกื” ืืช ืื‘ืจื”ื"

    ื”' ืžื ืกื” ืืช ืื‘ืจื”ื ืžื“ื•ืข? ื”ืจื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืื ื™ืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืœืขื•ืจืจ ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื”
    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ืœืขื•ืจืจ ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื”

    ืžื™ ืฉืจื•ืื” ืฉื™ืœื“ื™ื• ืื™ื ื ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ืื• ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื›ืจืื•ื™, ื™ื‘ื“ื•ืง ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื• | ืœืื—ืจ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจื™ื ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ืขืจืš ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื” | ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืืช ื‘ื ื ืื• ื‘ืชื ืขืœ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”, ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ืขืฆืžื ืื ื”ื ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ื‘ืจืฆื™ื ื•ืช | ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“ ืฉื”ื ื–ื™ืคื•ืช ื‘ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžืขื˜ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืœืขื•ืžืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฉื‘ื— ื•ื”ืขื™ื“ื•ื“, ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืฉืชื“ืœ ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžื›ืขืก | ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ืขืœ ืื•ื•ื™ืจื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”, ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ืœืคื•ืช ื•ืžืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืžืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ื ืจืื” ืœื›ืื•ืจื”

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืกื•ื›ื”
    ื”ืกื•ื›ื” ื•ื”ืœื›ื•ืชื™ื”

    ื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืกื•ื›ื”

    ื”ืจื‘ ืื‘ื™ื—ื™ ืงืฆื™ืŸ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื
    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื”

    ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื

    ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืคืจืฉืช ื•ื–ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ื—ืœืง ื'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ื”"ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื" ืœื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืžืฉื” ืœืฉื‘ื˜ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ, ื–ื‘ื•ืœื•ืŸ, ื™ืฉืฉื›ืจ ื•ื’ื“ ื‘ืคืจืฉืช "ื•ื–ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื”". ื‘ืžื”ืœื›ื• ืžื ื•ืชื—ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช, ืœืฆื“ ืžืงื•ืžื• ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ื‘ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื”ืขื ื•ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืจืชื•.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ | ื•' ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืกื•ื“ ืจืื™ื™ืช ืžืฉื” ื•ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื
    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื”

    ืกื•ื“ ืจืื™ื™ืช ืžืฉื” ื•ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื

    ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืคืจืฉืช ื•ื–ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ื—ืœืง ื‘'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจื™ ื”"ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื" ืœื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ืชื•ืš ื”ืชืžืงื“ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ ื’ื“, ื“ืŸ ื•ืืฉืจ ื•ื‘ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืžืœื—ืžื•ืชื™ื”ื ื•ื‘ืจื›ื•ืชื™ื”ื. ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื ื‘ื—ื ื™ื ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืจืื” ืžืฉื” ืืช ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื”ืจ ื ื‘ื•, ืคื˜ื™ืจืชื•, ื•ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืฉืžื•ื ืช ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ | ื–' ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžืืžืจ ื›ื™ืคื•ืจ ืคื–
    ื™ื•ื ื›ื™ืคื•ืจ

    ืžืืžืจ ื›ื™ืคื•ืจ ืคื–

    ื”ืจื‘ ื ืชื ืืœ ื™ื•ืกื™ืคื•ืŸ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื—ื–ืจื” ืœื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉื•ืžื“ื™ื ืจ"ืœ
    ืฉื•"ืช "ื‘ืžืจืื” ื”ื‘ื–ืง"

    ื—ื–ืจื” ืœื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉื•ืžื“ื™ื ืจ"ืœ

    ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืขืœื•ืŸ ื—ืžื“ืช ื™ืžื™ื | ืื™ื™ืจ ื”'ืชืฉื "ื—
  • ื”ืื–ื™ื ื• โ€“ ืขื ื–ื• ื™ืฆืจืชื™
    27 ื“ืง'
    ื”ืื–ื™ื ื•

    ื”ืื–ื™ื ื• โ€“ ืขื ื–ื• ื™ืฆืจืชื™

    ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืžื’ืŸ ื•ืžืฆื™ืœ ืืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื™ ื—ื™ืจื•ื ื”ื•ื ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื•ื”ื™ืขื•ื“ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ ื”ืžื•ื ื— ืืš ื•ืจืง ืขืœ ื›ืชืคื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื“ ื›ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื• ื•ื‘ืกื’ื•ืœืชื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื—ื™ ื–ืื’ื | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ื“ืฃ ืงืœ"ื˜
    30 ื“ืง'
    ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ

    ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ื“ืฃ ืงืœ"ื˜

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ ืกื˜ืคื ืกืงื™ | ื”' ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžื›ืื‘ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœืื•ืจ ื”ืฉืžื—ื”
    43 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ

    ืžื›ืื‘ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœืื•ืจ ื”ืฉืžื—ื”

    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืคืจืง ื–, ื– | ืคืจืง ื—, ื-ื‘

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžืชื— ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืื‘ื™ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ื”ื™ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ื”ื ืคืฉื™ื™ื ื”ื ืœื•ื•ื™ื ืœื ื™ืชื•ืง ืžื”ื—ื˜ื, ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื•ื”ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขื•ืช ืžืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ื ืคืฉ. ื“ืจืš ืคืกืงืื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง ื‘ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ืžืชื‘ืืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื›ืื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืขื‘ืจ ืื™ื ื ื• ื’ื•ืจื ืœื™ื™ืื•ืฉ ืืœื ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืจื™ืคื•ื™ ืขืžื•ืง ื”ืžืจื•ืžื ืืช ื”ืื“ื.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ | ื“' ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”: ื”ืื•ืžื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืžืฆื™ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื—ื–ืจื”
    ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”

    ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”: ื”ืื•ืžื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืžืฆื™ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื—ื–ืจื”

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉื™ ื˜ื—ืŸ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืฆื•ื ื’ื“ืœื™ื”: ืžืฆืžื™ื—ืช ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ
    ืฆื•ื ื’ื“ืœื™ื”

    ืฆื•ื ื’ื“ืœื™ื”: ืžืฆืžื™ื—ืช ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžืขืžื™ืง ื‘ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืฆื•ื ื’ื“ืœื™ื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ืขืฉืจืช ื™ืžื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ื•ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื™ื™ืื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ืจื•ืฆื—ื™ ื’ื“ืœื™ื” ื”ื—ืจื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืœื”ืžืฉื›ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ. ื“ืจืš ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืœื’ืžืจื ื•ืœื—ื˜ื ื ื“ื‘ ื•ืื‘ื™ื”ื•ื, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื”ืžืกืจ ืฉื’ื ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืืฉ, ืืœื ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืžืœื™ืš ืืช ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”' ื•ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืืคืจื™ื•ืŸ | ื’' ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
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    26 ื“ืง'
    ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ

    ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ื“ืฃ ืงืœ"ื—

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ ืกื˜ืคื ืกืงื™ | ื“' ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื”ืื–ื™ื ื• - ื–ื›ื•ืจ ื™ืžื•ืช ืขื•ืœื: ืžื” ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฆืœื™ื—?
    4 ื“ืง'
    ื”ืื–ื™ื ื•

    ื”ืื–ื™ื ื• - ื–ื›ื•ืจ ื™ืžื•ืช ืขื•ืœื: ืžื” ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฆืœื™ื—?

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืื™ืจ ื’ื•ืœื“ื•ื™ื›ื˜ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืืฃ ืฉืฉื™ื‘ื—ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ื ืฉืืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ืชื™ื”ื ื‘ื—ื’ ื•ื‘ื—ื•ืœ ื”ืžื•ืขื“
    ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืœื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื โ€“ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉื™ ื˜ื—ืŸ

    ืืฃ ืฉืฉื™ื‘ื—ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ื ืฉืืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ืชื™ื”ื ื‘ื—ื’ ื•ื‘ื—ื•ืœ ื”ืžื•ืขื“

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉื™ ื˜ื—ืŸ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื
ืื–ื•ืจ ืื™ืฉื™

ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœืš, ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื‘ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ื•ืœื”ืžืฉืš ืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื• ืขื–ื‘ืช ืื•ืชืŸ.

ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il