ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืžื“ื•ืจื™ื
  • ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื-ืช ืค"ืฉ
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
  • ืคืจืฉืช ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื•ืชื "ืš
  • ื—ื•ืžืฉ ื•ื™ืงืจื
  • ืฉืžื™ื ื™
undefined
12 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ื‘ืก"ื“ ื ื™ืกืŸ ื”ืชืฉืค"ื•
ืžืคื˜ื™ืจ ื•ึทื™ึนึผืกึถืฃ ืขื•ึนื“ ื“ึธึผื•ึดื“ (ืฉ"ื‘ ื• ื)
ืื‘ื•ืช ืคืจืง ื'

ืคืจืฉืช ืฉืžื™ื ื™ โ€“ ืฉื‘ืช ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ืŸ
ืขืœื•ืŸ ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ืขืœ ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื ื“ื™ื•ืžื ืžืžืคืจืฉื™ ื•ืžื“ืจืฉื™ ื—ื–"ืœ
ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ืฉืžื™ื ื™ 91 ืคืกื•ืงื™ื = ื‘ื’ื“ ืœึธื‘ึธืŸ , ืžึทืœึฐืึธืšึฐ
ื‘ึผึทืžึผึถื” ืฉืึดื™ืžึผึตืฉื ืžึนืฉืึถื” ืฉืึดื‘ึฐืขึทืช ื™ึฐืžึตื™ ื”ึทืžึผึดืœึผื•ึผืึดื™ื? ื‘ึผึฐื—ึธืœื•ึผืง ืœึธื‘ึธืŸ. ืจึทื‘ ื›ึผึธื”ึฒื ึธื ืžึทืชึฐื ึตื™: ื‘ึผึฐื—ึธืœื•ึผืง ืœึธื‘ึธืŸ ืฉืึถืึตื™ืŸ ื‘ึผื•ึน ืึดื™ืžึผึฐืจึธื. (ืข"ื– ืœื“.)
ื›ื™ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ืœื‘ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืžืœืืš ื”' ืฆื‘ืื•ืช ืื™ืฉ ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ื‘ื“ื™ื. (ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ)

ื‘ืคืจืฉื” 17 ืžืฆื•ื•ืช , ืžืชื•ื›ืŸ 6 ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืขืฉื”, ื•-11 ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืœื ืชืขืฉื”. (ืกืคืจ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš)
ืžื•ืœื“ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืื™ื™ืจ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉื™ืฉื™ ื‘ืฉืขื” 5, 18 ื“ืงื•ืช ื• 14 ื—ืœืงื™ื
ืขืฉื”: ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืกื™ืžื ื™ ื‘ื”ืžื” ื•ื—ื™ื” โ€ข ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืกื™ืžื ื™ ื“ื’ื™ื โ€ข ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืกื™ืžื ื™ ื—ื’ื‘ื™ื โ€ข ื˜ื•ืžืืช ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืฉืจืฆื™ื โ€ข ื˜ื•ืžืืช ืื•ื›ืœื™ืŸ โ€ข ื˜ื•ืžืืช ื ื‘ื™ืœื”. ืœื ืชืขืฉื”: ืฉืœื ื™ื›ื ืกื• ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืœืžืงื“ืฉ ืžื’ื•ื“ืœื™ ืฉืขืจ โ€ข ืฉืœื ื™ื›ื ืกื• ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืœืžืงื“ืฉ ืงืจื•ืขื™ ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื โ€ข ืฉืœื ื™ืฆืื• ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื‘ืฉืขืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” โ€ข ืฉืœื ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืฉืชื•ื™ื™ ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืžืงื“ืฉ ื•ื›ืŸ ืฉืœื ื™ื•ืจื” ืฉืชื•ื™ โ€ข ืฉืœื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ื”ืžื” ื•ื—ื™ื” ื˜ืžืื” โ€ข ืฉืœื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื“ื’ ื˜ืžื โ€ข ืฉืœื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืขื•ืฃ ื˜ืžื โ€ข ืฉืœื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืฉืจืฅ ื”ืืจืฅ โ€ข ืฉืœื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืฉืจืฆื™ื ื“ืงื™ื ื”ื ื•ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ื–ืจืขื™ื ื•ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืช โ€ข ืฉืœื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืžืฉืจืฅ ื”ืžื™ืโ€ข ืฉืœื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืจืฆื™ื ื”ืžืชื”ื•ื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืืจืฅ.

ืฆื™ืจื•ืฃ ื”ื•ื™"ื” ื”ืฉื•ืœื˜ ื‘ื—ื“ืฉ ืื™ื™ืจ ื™ื”ื”"ื•, ื™ื•ืฆื ืžืคืกื•ืง ื‘ืจืืฉื™ ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ื™ึดืชึฐื”ึทืœึตึผืœ ื”ึทืžึดึผืชึฐื”ึทืœึตึผืœ ื”ึทืฉึฐื‚ื›ึตึผืœ ื•ึฐื™ึธื“ึนืขึท )ื™ืจืžื™ื”ื• ื˜, ื›ื’(.
ืืžืจื• ืจื–"ืœ: ืœื ื ื™ืชื ื” ืชื•ืจื” ืืœื ืœืื•ื›ืœื™ ื”ืžืŸ (ืžื›ื™ืœืชื ื‘ืฉืœื— ื™ื–) ื”ื ื” ื‘ื—ื“ืฉ ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื ื™ืชื ื” ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื™ืจื™ื“ืช ื”ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื›ื ื” ืœืชื•ืจื” (ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื—"ื‘ ืงืค"ื’ ืข"ื‘) ื”ื™ื” ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื™ืจื™ื“ืชื• ื‘ืื™ื™ืจ. ื•ื”ื ื” ื‘ืจื™ืืช ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืื™ื™ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื•ืช ื•', ื•ื‘ืจื™ืืช ื—ื“ืฉ ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื•ืช ื–', ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืกืคืจ ื™ืฆื™ืจื”. ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื ืกืžื›ืช ืœืื•ื›ืœื™ ื”ืžืŸ ืฉื™ืจื“ ื‘ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื”, ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ื ืงืจื ื–ึดื•, ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ืž"ื ื• ื) ื‘ึฐึผื—ึนื“ึถืฉื ื–ึดื• ื”ื•ึผื ื”ึทื—ึนื“ึถืฉื ื”ึทืฉึตึผืื ึดื™ ืื•ืช ื”ื–' ื ืกืžื›ืช ืืœ ืื•ืช ื•', ืœืจืžื–, ืœื ื ื™ืชื ื” ืชื•ืจื” ืืœื ืœืื•ื›ืœื™ ื”ืžืŸ.
ืืžืจื• ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ ืจืฉื•ืžื•ืช, ืื™ื™ืจ ื”ื•ื ืจืืฉื™ ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช: ืื‘ืจื”ื ื™ืฆื—ืง ื™ืขืงื‘ ืจื—ืœ, ื”ื ื“' ืจื’ืœื™ ื”ืžืจื›ื‘ื”. ื•ืืคืฉืจ, ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื›ื ื” ืœืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื”ื›ื ื” ืœืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช, ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืžืขืฉื” ืื‘ื•ืช ืงื“ืžื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ื›ื™ ื‘ืžืขืฉื™ ืื‘ื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ืืจื™ื ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืžื ื”ื’ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžืกื›ืช ืื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื”ื, ื•ื›ืคื™ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื• ื ืงืจืืช ืžืกื›ืชื ื–ื• ืื‘ื•ืช, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื•ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ื–ื• โ€“ ื”ื›ืœ ื ืœืžื“ ืžืžืขืฉื™ ืื‘ื•ืช, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื ืืฆืœื ื•. ื•ืขื•ื“ ื ืงืจื ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืื™ื™"ืจ, ื‘ื’ื™ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืืจ"ืš. ื•ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื–ื•ื”ืจ (ื—"ื’ ืจืฆ"ื‘ ืข"ื‘) ืฉื”ื•ื ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืจืคื•ืื”, ื›ืžื ื“ืืช ืืžืจ: ื›ึดึผื™ ืึทืขึฒืœึถื” ืึฒืจึปื›ึธื” ืœึธืšึฐ ) ื™ืจืžื™ื”ื• ืœ, ื™ื–( ื•ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ืกื’ื•ืœื” ืœืจืคื•ืื”. (ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืฉื›ืจ ืžืืžืจื™ ืื™ื™ืจ)
ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืื™ื™ืจ ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœืจืคื•ืื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืืจ ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื - ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื”ืžืŸ ืœืจื“ืช, ื•ื”ืžืŸ ื ืงืจื (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืขื—) ืœึถื—ึถื ืึทื‘ึดึผื™ืจึดื™ื ื•ืœื ื ื’ืจืžื• ืžืžื ื• ืฉื•ื ืžื—ืœื•ืช. ืœื›ืŸ ื ืฉืืจ ื–ื” ื˜ื‘ืข ื˜ื‘ื•ืข ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื–ื” ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœืจืคื•ืื”. ื•ื›ืชื‘ื• ื‘ื–ื” ืขื•ื“ ืจืžื–: ืึดื™ึผึธืจ ืจ"ืช ืึฒื ึดื™ ื™ึฐ-ื”ึนื•ึธื” ืจึนืคึฐืึถืšึธ. (ืกืคืจ ื”ืชื•ื“ืขื”)

ืคืจืงื™ ืื‘ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžื ื”ื’ โ€“ ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ืœื•ืžืจ ืคืจืงื™ ืื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืื—ืจ ื”ืžื ื—ื”, ื”ื•ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ ืฉืจ ืฉืœื•ื ื’ืื•ืŸ ื•ืจื‘ ืกืขื“ื™ื” ื’ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื ื—ื–"ืœ, ืฉืชืงื ื• ื›ืš ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืฉื ืคื˜ืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืžื ื—ื” ืกืžื•ืš ืœื—ืฉื›ื”, ื•ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื (ืžื•"ืง ื›ื‘:) 'ื ึธืฉื‚ึดื™ื ืฉืึถืžึผึตืช ื‘ึผึธืชึผึตื™ ืžึดื“ึฐืจึธืฉืื•ึนืช ื›ึผื•ึผืœึผึธืŸ ื‘ึผึฐื˜ึตื™ืœึดื™ืŸ', ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ืงื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฉืขื” ื–ื•. ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืขื ืžืชื•ืจื” ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืชืงื ื• ืœื•ืžืจ ืคืจืงื™ ืื‘ื•ืช ื“ืจืš ืืžื™ืจื” ื•ืœื ื“ืจืš ืœื™ืžื•ื“. ืื‘ืœ ืงื•ื“ื ื”ืžื ื—ื” ืงื•ื‘ืขื™ืŸ ืžื“ืจืฉื•ืช, ื•ืจืง ืื—ืจ ื”ืžื ื—ื” ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืจื‘ื™ื ืืœื ืคืจืงื™ ืื‘ื•ืช.
ื˜ืขืžื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื: โ€ข ืžืฉื•ื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ ืงืจื ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืžื™ืข ืืช ื”ืขื ื•ืœืงืจื‘ื ืœืชื•ืจื”. โ€ข ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ื ื™ืžื™ื ืžื ื•ื™ื™ื ืœืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื ื” 'ื™ืขืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœื ืชืฉื›ื•ืŸ ื›ื™ ืื ื‘ืื“ื ื”ืจื™ืงืŸ ืžืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืขื•ืช ื•ืžืœื ืžืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช'. โ€ข ื›ืฉื ืฉื™ื•ืฆืื™ ืžืฆืจื™ื ืงื“ืฉื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคืกื— ืœืขืฆืจืช ืœืงืจืืช ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื”, ื›ืš ืื ื• ืžื˜ื”ืจื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื• ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืข"ื™ ื”ื›ื ื” ื‘ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืžื•ืกืจ ื•ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืฉื‘ื— ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื”. โ€ข ื™ืžื™ ื”ืงื™ืฅ ืžืขื•ืชื“ื™ื ืœื—ืœืื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื™ืžื™ ื”ื—ื•ืจืฃ, ื•ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืขื•ืกืงื™ืŸ ื‘ืจืคื•ืืช ื”ื ืคืฉ, ื’ื ื’ื•ืคื ืžืชืจืคื ื•ื ืฉืžืจื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืช. (ืกืคืจ ื”ืชื•ื“ืขื”)
ืกืคื™ืจืช ื”ืขื•ืžืจ โ€“ ื™ืฉืชื“ืœ ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ืกืคื™ืจืช ื”ืขื•ืžืจ ื›ื™ ืกื•ื“ื•ืชื™ื” ืจืžื™ื ื•ื ืฉืื™ื. ื•ื™ืฉืชื“ืœ ืœืกืคื•ืจ ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœื—ืฆื™ ืฉืขื” ืžื”ืœื™ืœื”. (ืžื•ืจื” ื‘ืืฆื‘ืข ืจื˜ื–)
ืกื’ื•ืœื” ืœืคืจื ืกื” โ€“ ืžื” ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉื ื”ื’ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ื—ืœื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ืžืคืชื— ื›ืกื’ื•ืœื” ืœืคืจื ืกื” ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืคืกื— ื‘ื” ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื ืืช ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืื™ื™ืจ.
ืœืคื™ ืฉื‘ืขืช ื”ื–ืืช ื›ืฉืื›ืœื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืŸ ื”ืžืŸ ืžื”ืงืจื‘ืช ื”ืขื•ืžืจ ื•ืื™ืœืš ืœื ืื›ืœื• ืขื•ื“ ืžื”ืžืŸ, ื›ืžืฉ"ื” (ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื” ื™ื—) ื•ึทื™ึนึผืื›ึฐืœื•ึผ ืžึตืขึฒื‘ื•ึผืจ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืžึดืžื‡ึผื—ึณืจึทืช ื”ึทืคึถึผืกึทื— ืžึทืฆึผื•ึนืช ื•ึฐืงึธืœื•ึผื™ ื‘ึฐึผืขึถืฆึถื ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทื–ึถึผื”. ื•ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื’ืžืจื (ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืœื–:) ืžึดืžึผึธื—ึณืจึทืช ื”ึทืคึผึถืกึทื— ืึฒื›ื•ึผืœ, ืžึตืขึดื™ืงึผึธืจึธื โ€“ ืœึธื ืึฒื›ื•ึผืœ, ื•ืžืื– ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืžืชื‘ื•ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ, ื•ื”ื™ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืคืจื ืกื”, ื›ื™ ืขื“ ืขืชื” ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ื”ืžืŸ. ื•ื–ืืช ื™ื“ื•ืข ืฉืœื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ืฉ ืฉืขืจ, ื›ืžื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ืฉื™ืคืชื— ืœื ื• ื”ืฉ"ื™ ืฉืขืจื™ ืคืจื ืกื”. ื•ืžื–ื” ื ืฉืชืจื‘ื‘ ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืฆื•ืจืช ืžืคืชื— ืขืœ ื”ื—ืœื•ืช, ืœืจืžื– ืฉื™ืคืชื— ืœื ื• ื”ืฉื ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ืฉืขืจื™ ืคืจื ืกื”. (ื˜ืขืžื™ ื”ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ืื•ื”ื‘ ื™ืฉืจืืœ)

ื•ึฐืฉืื•ึนืจ ื•ึธืึทื™ึดืœ ืœึดืฉึฐืืœึธืžึดื™ื ืœึดื–ึฐื‘ึนึผื—ึท ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึฐ-ื”ึนื•ึธื” ื•ึผืžึดื ึฐื—ึธื” ื‘ึฐึผืœื•ึผืœึธื” ื‘ึทืฉึธึผืืžึถืŸ ื›ึดึผื™ ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื™ึฐ-ื”ึนื•ึธื” ื ึดืจึฐืึธื” ืึฒืœึตื™ื›ึถื. (ื˜ ื“)
ื›ืžื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื”ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ โ€“ ืื”ืจืŸ, ื›ืŸ ืœืžืขืœื” ื›ื”ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืžื™ื›ืืœ, ื”ืžืงืจื™ื‘ ื ืฉืžืชื ืฉืœ ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื‘ืžื–ื‘ื— ืฉืœืžืขืœื”. ื›ื“ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ (ืžื ื—ื•ืช ืงื™.) 'ืœึฐืขื•ึนืœึธื ื–ึนืืช ืขึทืœ ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ' (ื“"ื” ื‘ ื‘ ื’), ืึธืžึทืจ ืจึทื‘ ื’ึดึผื™ื“ึตึผืœ ืึธืžึทืจ ืจึทื‘: ื–ึถื” ืžึดื–ึฐื‘ึตึผื—ึท ื‘ึธึผื ื•ึผื™, ื•ึผืžึดื™ื›ึธืึตืœ ืฉึทื‚ืจ ื”ึทื’ึธึผื“ื•ึนืœ ืขื•ึนืžึตื“ ื•ึผืžึทืงึฐืจึดื™ื‘ ืขึธืœึธื™ื• ืงื‡ืจึฐื‘ึธึผืŸ. ื›ื ืจืžื– ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ื›ึดึผื™ ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื™ึฐ-ื”ึนื•ึธื” 'ื ึดืจึฐืึธื” ืึฒืœึตื™ื›ึถื', ื”ื ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช : ืื”ืจืŸ, ืžื™ื›ืืœ. ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืžืงื“ืฉ ืฉืœืžื˜ื” ืฉืชื™ ืžื–ื‘ื—ื•ืช, ื—ื™ืฆื•ืŸ ื•ืคื ื™ืžื™, ื›ืŸ ืœืžืขืœื”.
ื•ื–ื”ื• ื”ืจืžื– ืฉื‘ืžื–ื‘ื— ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ืŸ ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ืฉืžื•ืช ืœื— ื) ื—ึธืžึตืฉื ืึทืžึผื•ึนืช ืื‡ืจึฐื›ึผื•ึน ื•ึฐื—ึธืžึตืฉื ืึทืžึผื•ึนืช ืจื‡ื—ึฐื‘ึผื•ึน ืจึธื‘ื•ึผืขึท. ื•ืงืฉื” ืชื™ื‘ืช ืจึธื‘ื•ึผืขึท ืžื™ื•ืชืจ, ื›ื™ ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืืจื›ื• ื•ืจื—ื•ื‘ื• ืฉื•ื•ื”, ืžืžื™ืœื ื™ื“ืขื™ื ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืจื•ื‘ืข. ื•ื›ืŸ ืงืฉื” ื‘ืžื–ื‘ื— ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืฉืืžืจ (ืฉื ืœ ื‘) ืึทืžึธึผื” ืื‡ืจึฐื›ึผื•ึน ื•ึฐืึทืžึธึผื” ืจื‡ื—ึฐื‘ึผื•ึน ืจึธื‘ื•ึผืขึท. ืงืฉื” ืฉื ื’ื ื›ืŸ, ืชื™ื‘ืช ืจึธื‘ื•ึผืขึท ืžื™ื•ืชืจ.
ืืœื ื”ื ืจืžื–ื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื ื™ ืžื–ื‘ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืขืœื”, ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ืฉืฉื ืžื™ื›ืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ. ื•ื™ื“ื•ืข ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืจึธื‘ื•ึผืขึท ื›ื™ ื”ื ืืจื‘ืข ืžื—ื ื•ืช ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ืืฉืจ ืกื™ืžื ื 'ืืจื’ืžืŸ'. ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื•: ืžื™ื›ืืœ, ื’ื‘ืจื™ืืœ, ืื•ืจื™ืืœ, ืจืคืืœ, ื–ื”ื• ืจึธื‘ื•ึผืขึท, ื•ื”ื ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ื›ืœ ื›ื™ืชื•ืช ื”ืžืœืื›ื™ื.
[ื’ืžืจื ืจ"ืช ื’ื‘ืจื™ืืœ ืžื™ื›ืืœ ืจืคืืœ ืื•ืจื™ืืœ ืขืœ ืฉื ื“ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื’ืžืจื ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื›ืœ ืืœื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ืžื” ืžืžื•ื ื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื, ื•ื”ืžื” ื“' ืžื—ื ื•ืช ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื”ื—ื•ื ื™ื ืœืจื’ืœื™ื”ื, ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื›ื ื’ื“ ื’ื‘ืจื™ืืœ ื›ื™ ื’ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื—ื™ื• ื“ืžื•ืช ืืจื™ื” ื‘ืžื–ืจื—, ืืคืจื™ื ื›ื ื’ื“ ืจืคืืœ ื“ืžื•ืช ืฉื•ืจ ืœืžืขืจื‘, ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ ื›ื ื’ื“ ืžื™ื›ืืœ ื“ืžื•ืช ืื“ื ืœื“ืจื•ื, ื“ืŸ ื›ื ื’ื“ ืื•ืจื™ืืœ ื“ืžื•ืช ื ืฉืจ ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ. (ื”ื’ื”ื•ืช ืฉืืจื™ืช ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื˜"ื• ื‘ืฉื ื”ืืจ"ื™ ื–"ืœ)]
ื•ืขืœ ื–ื” ื ืืžืจ (ื–ื›ืจื™ื” ื’ ื–) ื•ึฐื ึธืชึทืชึดึผื™ ืœึฐืšึธ ืžึทื”ึฐืœึฐื›ึดื™ื ื‘ึตึผื™ืŸ ื”ึธืขึนืžึฐื“ึดื™ื. ื”ืฆื“ื™ืง ื ืงืจื ืžื”ืœืš, ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืœืš ืžืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช ืœืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช. ื•ื”ืžืœืื›ื™ื ื”ื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื, ืฉื”ื ืฉื›ืœื™ื™ื ืžืขืช ื”ื™ื•ืชื. ืขื•ื“ ื™ืฉ ืœืžืขืœื” ืžื–ื‘ื—, ืฉื”ื•ื ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืžืขืœ ื’ื‘ื•ื”, ื•ื”ื•ื ื’ื ื›ืŸ ืจึธื‘ื•ึผืขึท ื•ื ืงืจื ืžื–ื‘ื— ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™. ื•ื”ื ืืจื‘ืข ืžื—ื ื•ืช ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื•ื”, ืฉื”ืŸ ืืจื‘ืข ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืฉืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื›ืกื: ืื“ื, ืฉื•ืจ, ื ืฉืจ, ืืจื™ื”. ื•ื›ืฉื”ื ืฉืžื” ืฆืจื•ืจื” ืชื—ืช ื›ืกื ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“, ืื– ื”ื™ื ืœืžืขืœื” ืžื”ืžืœืื›ื™ื. ื•ืขืœ ื–ื” ืืžืจื• ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื–"ืœ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื” ืค"ื ืกื™"ื‘) ืฉืžื—ื™ืฆืชืŸ ืฉืœ ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืœืคื ื™ื ืžืžื—ื™ืฆืช ืžืœืื›ื™ ื”ืฉืจืช. ื•ื ื’ื“ ื–ื” ืžื–ื‘ื— ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™. ื•ืชื™ื‘ืช ืจึธื‘ื•ึผืขึท ืจื•ืžื–ืช ืขืœ ืืจื‘ืข ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื–ื›ืจื™ื ืœืขื™ืœ.
ื•ืžืื—ืจ ื•ืžืชื• ื ื“ื‘ ื•ืื‘ื™ื”ื•ื, ืืข"ืค ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ื, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืืœื™ื ื• ื”ื™ื” ืžื™ืชืชื ื›ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืช. ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื ื™ื—ื ื‘ืžื” ืฉืจืžื– (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื ื) ื•ึทื™ึดึผืงึฐืจึธื ืึถืœ ืžึนืฉึถืื” ื•ึทื™ึฐื“ึทื‘ึตึผืจ ื™ึฐ-ื”ึนื•ึธื” ืึตืœึธื™ื• ืžึตืึนื”ึถืœ ืžื•ึนืขึตื“ โ€“ ืžื—ื•ืจื‘ื ื•, ื›ื“ืคืจืฉ ื‘ื–ื•ื”ืจ. ื›ื™ ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื•ื, ืžื“ื•ื’ืžืช ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ืื•ื”ืœ ืžื•ืขื“ ืœืžื˜ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื ืชื—ื ืš ืœืžืขืœื” ื‘ืกื•ื“ ืึธื“ึธื ื›ึดึผื™ ื™ึทืงึฐืจึดื™ื‘ ืžึดื›ึถึผื. ื›ื™ ืžึดืŸ ื”ึทื‘ึฐึผื”ึตืžึธื” ืžึดืŸ ื”ึทื‘ึธึผืงึธืจ ื•ึผืžึดืŸ ื”ึทืฆึนึผืืŸ ื”ื•ื ืงื‡ืจึฐื‘ึทึผื ึฐื›ึถื ืœืžื˜ื”. ื•ืœืžืขืœื” ื‘ืžื–ื‘ื—ื•ืช ืžืงืจื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื. ื•ืคืจืฉ"ื™ ื–"ืœ (ืฉื) ืึธื“ึธื โ€“ ืœึธืžึธึผื” ื ึถืึฑืžึทืจ ื•ื›ื•'. ืื‘ืœ ืœืกื•ื“ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืจืžื– ืขืœ ืึธื“ึธื ืžืžืฉ. (ืื•ืฆืจื•ืช ื”ืฉืœ"ื”)

ื•ึทื™ึนึผืืžึถืจ ืžึนืฉึถืื” ื–ึถื” ื”ึทื“ึธึผื‘ึธืจ ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ืฆึดื•ึธึผื” ื™ึฐ-ื”ึนื•ึธื” ืชึทึผืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึผ ื•ึฐื™ึตืจึธื ืึฒืœึตื™ื›ึถื ื›ึฐึผื‘ื•ึนื“ ื™ึฐ-ื”ึนื•ึธื”. (ื˜ ื•)
ืฉืืœื” โ€“ ืฆืจื™ืš ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ืžื”ื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืฆื•ื” ื”' ืฉื™ืขืฉื• ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชืฉืจื” ืขืœื™ื”ื ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื”.
ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” โ€“ ืœืคื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื‘ื”ื›"ื  ื—ืœื” ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื ื• ืœืฉื ื‘ื”ื›ื "ืก ืขื“ ืฉื™ืชืคืœืœื• ื‘ื• ืคืขื ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืื– ื—ืœ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื‘ื”ื›ื "ืก (ื›ื“ืื™ืชื ื‘ืฉื•"ืข ืื•"ื— ืกื™ืžืŸ ืงื "ื’ ืกืขื™ืฃ ื—') ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ืฆืจืš ืžืฉื” ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืชื—ืœื” ื‘ื• ื•ื—ืœื” ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื•ืฉืจืชื” ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื•ื›ืฉื™ืฆืื• ืืžืจ ืžืฉื” ื™ื”ื™ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืฉืชืฉืจื” ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื‘ืžืขืฉื™ ื™ื“ื™ื›ื ืฉืจืื” ืžืฉื” ืฉื ืคืœื• ืขืœ ืคื ื™ื”ื ื•ื™ืจื•ื ื• ืืžืจ ื’ื ื‘ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ื‘ืžืขืฉื™ ื™ื“ื™ื›ื ืชืฉืจื” ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ืฉืชืฉืื• ื•ืชืชื ื• ื‘ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ืชื”ื ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”' ืขืœื™ื›ื.
ืื™ืชื ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ (ื™ืœืงื•ื˜) ืืžืจ ืžืฉื” ืื•ืชื• ื™ืฆื”"ืจ ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื• ืžืœื‘ื›ื›ื ื•ึฐื™ึตืจึธื ืึฒืœึตื™ื›ึถื ื›ึฐึผื‘ื•ึนื“ ื™ึฐ-ื”ึนื•ึธื”. ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืชืขืฉื• ืจืง ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืฆื•ื” ื”' ื•ืœื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืชืฉืจื” ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื‘ื™ื ื™ื›ื ื•ืื– ืžืžื™ืœื ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืžืฆื•ื” ืจืง ืœืฉ"ืฉ ื™ืจื ืขืœื™ื›ื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”' ื•ื–ื”ื• ืฉืืžืจื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชืฉืจื” ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื•ืœื ืฉืจืชื” ื•ื–ื”ื• ื‘ืืžืช ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืœื ืฉืจืชื” ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืขืฉื• ืžืฆื•ืช ืืœื• ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชืฉืจื” ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื›ืœ ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื ืจืง ืœืฉ"ืฉ ืœื›ืŸ ืœื ืฉืจืชื” ืขื“ ืฉื”ืชืคืœืœ ืžืฉื”. (ื—ืช"ืก ืขื”"ืช) ื•ื‘ืชืจื’ื•ื ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ - ื“ึตื™ืŸ ืคึดึผืชึฐื’ึธืžึธื ื“ึฐืชึทืขึทื‘ึฐื“ื•ึผืŸ ืึทืขึทื‘ึฐึผืจื•ึผ ื™ึทืช ื™ึดืฆึฐืจึธื ื‘ึดึผื™ืฉึธืื ืžึดืŸ ืœึดื‘ึฐึผื›ื•ึนืŸ ื•ึผืžึดืŸ ื™ึทื“ ื™ึดืชึฐื’ึฐืœึตื™ ืœึฐื›ื•ึนืŸ ืึดื™ืงึทืจ ืฉึฐืื›ึดื™ื ึฐืชึธึผื ื“ึทื™ึฐื™ึธ.

ื•ึทื™ึนึผืืžึถืจ ืžึนืฉึถืื” ืึถืœ ืึทื”ึฒืจึนืŸ ืงึฐืจึทื‘ ืึถืœ ื”ึทืžึดึผื–ึฐื‘ึตึผื—ึท ื•ึทืขึฒืฉึตื‚ื” ืึถืช ื—ึทื˜ึธึผืืชึฐืšึธ ื•ึฐืึถืช ืขึนืœึธืชึถืšึธ ื•ึฐื›ึทืคึตึผืจ ื‘ึทึผืขึทื“ึฐืšึธ ื•ึผื‘ึฐืขึทื“ ื”ึธืขึธื ื•ึทืขึฒืฉึตื‚ื” ืึถืช ืงื‡ืจึฐื‘ึทึผืŸ ื”ึธืขึธื ื•ึฐื›ึทืคึตึผืจ ื‘ึทึผืขึฒื“ึธื ื›ึทึผืึฒืฉึถืืจ ืฆึดื•ึธึผื” ื™ึฐ-ื”ึนื•ึธื”. (ื˜ ื–)
ืฉืืœื” โ€“ ืงืจื‘ืŸ ื–ื” ืœื ื‘ื ืืœื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืื”ืจืŸ. ื•ืงืจื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื ื”ืจื™ ื ืืžืจ ื‘ืกืžื•ืš ื•ึทืขึฒืฉึตื‚ื” ืึถืช ืงื‡ืจึฐื‘ึทึผืŸ ื”ึธืขึธื ื•ึฐื›ึทืคึตึผืจ ื‘ึทึผืขึฒื“ึธื, ื•ืื ื›ืŸ ืœืžื” ื ืืžืจ ื›ืืŸ ื•ึผื‘ึฐืขึทื“ ื”ึธืขึธื.
ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” โ€“ ื‘ื ืœื™ืชืŸ ื˜ืขื ืžืคื ื™ ืžื” ื™ืงืจื™ื‘ ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืงืจื‘ื ื• ืงื•ื“ื ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื”ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ื—ื™ื“, ืืœื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื‘ื•ื ื–ื›ืื™ ื•ื™ื›ืคืจ ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ื˜ื, ื•ื”ื›ื™ ืงืืžืจ ืœื• ืžืฉื” ื•ึฐื›ึทืคึตึผืจ ื‘ึทึผืขึทื“ึฐืšึธ ื•ืื– ืžืฉืชื”ื™ื” ื–ื›ืื™ ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื›ืคืจ ืขืœ ื”ืขื. (ื”ืจื"ืฉ, ื“ืขืช ื–ืงื ื™ื) ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื•ื”ื ื—ื˜ืื• ื‘ืขื’ืœ. (ื”ื—ื–ืงื•ื ื™)
ื•ืขื•ื“ ื™"ืœ โ€“ ืฉืžื” ืฉืื”ืจืŸ ืขืฉื” ืืช ื”ืขื’ืœ ื”ืขื ื”ื›ืจื™ื—ื• ืื•ืชื• ื•ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื›ื™ ื“ืœื™ื”ื•ื™ ืœื”ื• ืชืงื ืชื { ืดื•ึทื™ึผึทืจึฐื ืึทื”ึฒืจึนืŸ ื•ึทื™ึผึดื‘ึถืŸ ืžึดื–ึฐื‘ึผึตื—ึท ืœึฐืคึธื ึธื™ื•ืด. ืžึธื” ืจึธืึธื”? ืึธืžึทืจ ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ื‘ึผึดื ึฐื™ึธืžึดื™ืŸ ื‘ึผึทืจ ื™ึถืคึถืช ืึธืžึทืจ ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ืึถืœึฐืขึธื–ึธืจ: ืจึธืึธื” ื—ื•ึผืจ ืฉืึถื–ึผึธื‘ื•ึผื—ึท ืœึฐืคึธื ึธื™ื•. ืึธืžึทืจ: ืึดื™ ืœึธื ืฉืึธืžึทืขึฐื ึธื ืœึฐื”ื•ึผ ื”ึทืฉืึฐืชึผึธื, ืขึธื‘ึฐื“ื•ึผ ืœึดื™ ื›ึผึฐื“ึทืขึฒื‘ึทื“ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐื—ื•ึผืจ, ื•ึผืžึดื™ืงึผึทื™ึทื™ื ื‘ึผึดื™ ืึดื ื™ึตื”ึธืจึตื’ ื‘ึฐึผืžึดืงึฐื“ึทึผืฉื ืึฒ-ื“ึนื ึธื™ ื›ึนึผื”ึตืŸ ื•ึฐื ึธื‘ึดื™ื (ืื™ื›ื” ื‘ ื›), ื•ึฐืœึธื ื”ึธื•ึฐื™ึธื ืœึฐื”ื•ึผ ืชึผึทืงึผึทื ึฐืชึผึธื ืœึฐืขื•ึนืœึธื. ืžื•ึผื˜ึธื‘ ื“ึผึฐืœึดื™ืขึฐื‘ึผึฐื“ื•ึผ ืœึฐืขึตื’ึถืœ, ืึถืคึฐืฉืึธืจ ื”ึธื•ึฐื™ึธื ืœึฐื”ื•ึผ ืชึผึทืงึผึทื ึฐืชึผึธื ื‘ึผึดืชึฐืฉืื•ึผื‘ึธื”. ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ื–.}, ืื ื›ืŸ ื’ื ืขืœ ืžืขืฉื™ื• ื”ื™ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ืŸ ื›ืขืช ื›ืคืจื” ืฉื”ื›ืจื™ื—ื•ื”ื• ืœื›ืš ื•ืขื•ื“ ื›ืคืจื” ื”ื™ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ืŸ ืฉืขื‘ื“ื• ืœืขื’ืœ ืœื›ืš ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื‘' ืคืขืžื™ื. (ื˜ืขืžื ื“ืงืจื)
ื•ึทืชึตึผืฆึตื ืึตืฉื ืžึดืœึดึผืคึฐื ึตื™ ื™-ึฐื”ึนื•ึธื” ื•ึทืชึนึผืื›ึทืœ ืื•ึนืชึธื ื•ึทื™ึธึผืžึปืชื•ึผ ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึฐ-ื”ึนื•ึธื”. (ื™ ื‘)
ืฉืืœื” โ€“ ืงืฉื” ืœืž"ื“ ืฉื ื“ื‘ ื•ืื‘ื™ื”ื•ื ืžืชื• ื‘ืคื ื™ื ืœืžื” ืœื ื ื˜ืžื ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ ื˜ื•ืžืืช ืื•ื”ืœื™ื ื•ื›ืœ ื›ืœื™ ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื•ืœื ืžืฆื™ื ื• ืฉืคืกืงื• ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื ื›ืœืœ, ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื•ื‘ (ื— ืœื’) ื•ึผืžึดืคึถึผืชึทื— ืึนื”ึถืœ ืžื•ึนืขึตื“ ืœึนื ืชึตืฆึฐืื•ึผ.
ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” โ€“ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื ืืžืจ ืœื”ืŸ ืคืจืฉืช ื˜ื•ืžืืช ืื”ืœื™ื ื•ืืข"ื’ ื“ื‘ืฉืขืช ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื“ืขื• ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื›ื“ืคืจืฉ"ื™ (ืฉืžื•ืช ื›ื“ ื™ื‘) ื›ึธึผืœ ืฉึตืืฉื ืžึตืื•ึนืช ื•ึผืฉึฐืืœึนืฉื ืขึถืฉึฐื‚ืจึตื” ืžึดืฆึฐื•ึนืช ื‘ึดึผื›ึฐืœึทืœ ืขึฒืฉึถื‚ืจึถืช ื”ึทื“ึดึผื‘ึฐึผืจื•ึนืช ื”ึตืŸ, ืž"ืž ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœื ื ืฆื˜ื•ื• ืขืœ ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžื˜ืžื. (ื“ืขืช ื–ืงื ื™ื ื ืฉืืจ ื‘ืฆ"ืข, ื˜ืขืžื ื“ืงืจื) ื•ืจ' ืฉืžืขื™ื™ื” ืืžืจ ืฉืฉืžืข ืžืชืจืฆื™ื ืฉืžืคืจื›ืกื™ื ื”ื™ื•. (ืžื•ืฉื‘ ื–ืงื ื™ื) ื•ื”ื ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื•ึทื™ึธึผืžึปืชื•ึผ ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึฐ-ื”ึนื•ึธื” ื”ื™ื• ืžืชื™ื ืฉื ืงื ืกื” ืขืœื™ื”ื ืžื™ืชื” ืืš ื ืชืขืœืคื•, ื›ื™ ืœื ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืžื™ืชื” ืžืžืฉ, ื“ืื ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื• ืžื˜ืžืื™ื ื‘ื™ืช ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืงื“ืฉื™ื. (ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืืคืจื™ื)

ื•ึทืชึตึผืฆึตื ืึตืฉื ืžึดืœึดึผืคึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึฐ-ื”ึนื•ึธื” ื•ึทืชึนึผืื›ึทืœ ืื•ึนืชึธื ื•ึทื™ึธึผืžึปืชื•ึผ ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึฐ-ื”ึนื•ึธื”. (ื™ ื‘)
ืชืจื’ื•ื ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ - ื•ึผื ึฐืคึธืงึทืช ืฉึทืืœึฐื”ื•ึนื‘ึดื™ืช ืึตื™ืฉึธืืชึธื ืžึดืŸ ืงึณื“ึธื ื™ึฐื™ึธ ื‘ึดึผืจึฐื’ึทื– ื•ึฐืึดืชึฐืคึทึผืœึดื™ื’ึทืช ืœึฐืึทืจึฐื‘ึทึผืขึฐืชึตึผื™ ื—ื•ึผื˜ึดื™ืŸ ื•ึฐืึธืขึฒืœึทืช ื‘ึฐึผื’ื•ึน ืึทืคึตึผื™ื”ื•ึนืŸ ื•ึฐืื•ึนืงึดื™ื“ึทืช ื™ึทืช ื ึดืฉึฐืืžึทืชึฐื”ื•ึนืŸ ื‘ึฐึผืจึทื ื’ื•ึผืคึตื™ื”ื•ึนืŸ ืœึธื ืึดื™ืชึฐื—ึทืจึฐื›ื•ึผ ื•ึผืžึดื™ืชื•ึผ ืงึณื“ึธื ื™ึฐื™ึธ.
ืึทื‘ึผึธื ื™ื•ึนืกึตื™ ื‘ึผึถืŸ ื“ึผื•ึนืกึฐืชึผึทืื™ ืื•ึนืžึตืจ: ืฉืึฐื ึตื™ ื—ื•ึผื˜ึดื™ืŸ ืฉืึถืœ ืึตืฉื ื™ึธืฆึฐืื•ึผ ืžึดื‘ึผึตื™ืช ืงื•ึนื“ึถืฉื ื”ึทืงึผึณื“ึธืฉืึดื™ื ื•ึฐื ึถื—ึฐืœึฐืงื•ึผ ืœึฐืึทืจึฐื‘ึผึทืข, ื•ึฐื ึดื›ึฐื ึฐืกื•ึผ ืฉืึฐื ึทื™ึดื ื‘ึผึฐื—ื•ึนื˜ึฐืžื•ึน ืฉืึถืœ ื–ึถื” ื•ึผืฉืึฐื ึทื™ึดื ื‘ึผึฐื—ื•ึนื˜ึฐืžื•ึน ืฉืึถืœ ื–ึถื” ื•ึผืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืคื•ึผื. ื•ึฐื”ึธื›ึฐืชึดื™ื‘: 'ื•ึทืชึผึนืื›ึทืœ ืื•ึนืชึธื'! ืื•ึนืชึธื, ื•ึฐืœึนื ื‘ึผึดื’ึฐื“ึตื™ื”ึถื. (ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ื ื‘.)
ืฉืืœื” โ€“ ืžื” ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉื ื›ื ืกื• ื‘ื—ื•ื˜ื ื•ืœื ื ื›ื ืกื• ื‘ืคื” ื›ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืฉืจืคื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉื–ื•ืจืง ื”ืคืชื™ืœื” ืœืชื•ืš ืคื™ื•. ื•ืœืžื” ื ื—ืœืงื• ืœืืจื‘ืข ื—ื•ื˜ื™ืŸ.
ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” โ€“ ืœืจืžื•ื– ืฉื”ื ื ืขื ืฉื• ืขืœ ืืฉืจ ื“ื‘ืจื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื›ื”ื•ื’ืŸ ื ื’ื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื”ื“ื•ืจ ืžืฉื” ื•ืื”ืจืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื–ื” ืœื–ื” 'ืžึธืชึทื™ ื™ึธืžื•ึผืชื•ึผ ืฉืึฐื ึตื™ ื–ึฐืงึตื ึดื™ื ื”ึทืœึผึธืœื•ึผ, ื•ึทืึฒื ึดื™ ื•ึฐืึทืชึผึธื” ื ึทื ึฐื”ึดื™ื’ ืึถืช ื”ึทื“ึผื•ึนืจ' ื•ืืฃ ืขืœ ื’ื‘ ื“ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ืขื•ื“ ื—ื˜ืื™ื ืฉื–ื›ืจื• ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื–"ืœ ื‘ื’ืžืจื (ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืกื’.) [ื”ื•ืจื• ื”ืœื›ื” ื‘ืคื ื™ ืจื‘ื. ื ื›ื ืกื• ืฉืชื•ื™ื™ ื™ื™ืŸ. ื‘ื ื™ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืœื”ื. ื ืชื ื• ืขื™ื ื™ื”ื ื‘ืคืจื ืกื•ืช. ืœื ื ื˜ืœื• ืขืฆื”. ื•ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉื ื›ื ืกื• ื‘ืœื™ ืจื—ื•ืฅ ื™ื“ื™ื ื•ืจื’ืœื™ื, ื•ืฉื ื›ื ืกื• ืžื—ื•ืกืจื™ ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ื•ืžื” ื”ื™ื• ื—ืกืจื™ื ืžืขื™ืœ)] ืื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื—ื•ื˜ืื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ื•ืจ ื–ื” ื›ื ื’ื“ ื“ื•ื“ื ื•ืจื‘ื ื”ื™ื” ืžื’ืŸ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื–ื›ื•ืช ื“ื•ื“ื ื•ืจื‘ื ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื• ื ืขื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืš. ื•ื™ื“ื•ืข ื“ื›ืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื“ื•ืจ ืžื›ื•ื ื” ื‘ืฉื ื—ื•ื˜ื ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจื• ื‘ื’ืžืจื ื›ืฉื‘ื ืื•ืชื• ื”ื’ืžื•ืŸ ืœื”ืจื•ื’ ืืช ืจื‘ืŸ ื’ืžืœื™ืืœ ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื• ื‘ืจืžื– ืฉืืžืจ ื‘ื‘ื•ืื• ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ 'ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ื˜ื ืžืชื‘ืงืฉ' (ืชืขื ื™ืช ื›ื˜.). ืžื” ืฉื ื›ื ืกื• ื—ื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืืฉ ื‘ื—ื•ื˜ื ื•ืœื ื‘ืคื”, ื›ื™ ื›ืืฉืจ ื ื›ื ืกื• ืœืคื ื™ื ืœื”ืงื˜ื™ืจ ื ื›ื ืก ื”ื—ื•ื˜ื ืงื•ื“ื ื”ืคื”. ื•ืžื” ืฉื ืชื—ืœืง ื”ืืฉ ืœืืจื‘ืข ื—ื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื ื ื’ืขื• ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืข"ื” ื•ืื”ืจืŸ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืข"ื” ื‘ืื•ืชื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื ื–ื›ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ื•ื™ื“ื•ืข ื“ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืข"ื” ื•ืื”ืจืŸ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืข"ื” ื”ื ื‘ื ืฆื— ื•ื”ื•ื“ ื•ื™ื“ื•ืข ื“ื ืฆื— ื•ื”ื•ื“ ื ืงืจืื™ื ื•ึธื•ึตื™ ื”ึธืขึทืžึผื•ึผื“ึดื™ื ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ื—ื•ื˜ื™ืŸ. (ื‘ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื™ื“ืข โ€“ ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ื ื‘.)
ื•ึทืชึตึผืฆึตื ืึตืฉื ื›ืžื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื—ื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ื ื›ื ืกื• ืœืชื•ืš ื—ื•ื˜ืžื™ื”ื. ื™ืจืžื•ื– ืœืชืจื™ ื’ื–ื™ืจื™ ื“ื™ื ื™ืŸ. ื‘ื™"ื“ ืฉืœ ืžืขืœื” ื•ื‘ื™"ื“ ืฉืœ ืžื˜ื”. ื“ืื™ื ื•ืŸ ืชืจื™ืŸ ื”ื”ื™"ืŸ, ื”' ืขื™ืœืขื ื”' ืชืชืื”. (ื—ืžื“ืช ื™ืžื™ื)

ืœืงื˜ ื”ื˜ืขืžื™ื ืฉื”ื–ื›ื™ืจื• ื—ื–"ืœ ืขืœ ืžื™ืชืช ื ื“ื‘ ื•ืื‘ื™ื”ื• (ืžื›ืชื‘ ืžืืœื™ื”ื•)
ื โ€“ ืฉื”ื•ืจื• ื”ืœื›ื” ื‘ืคื ื™ ืจื‘ื. ื‘โ€“ ืขืœ ื”ืงืจื™ื‘ื” ืฉื ื›ื ืกื• ืœืคื ื™ ื•ืœืคื ื™ื .ื’ โ€“ ืขืœ ื”ื”ืงืจื‘ื” ืฉื”ืงืจื™ื‘ื• ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืฉืœื ื ืฆื˜ื•ื•. ื“ โ€“ ืขืœ ืืฉ ื–ืจื” ืฉื”ื›ื ื™ืกื• ืžื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื™ืจื™ื™ื. ื”โ€“ ืขืœ ืฉืœื ื ื˜ืœื• ืขืฆื” ื–ื” ืžื–ื”, ืฉื ืืžืจ: 'ืื™ืฉ ืžื—ืชืชื•' โ€“ ืฉืœื ื ื˜ืœื• ืขืฆื” ื–ื” ืžื–ื”. ืจ' ืžื ื™ ื“ืฉืื‘ ื•ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื“ืกื›ื ื™ืŸ ื•ืจื™ื•"ื— ื‘ืฉื ืจื‘ื™ ืœื•ื™ ืืžืจื•: 'ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืืจื‘ืขื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืชื• ื‘ื ื™ ืื”ืจืŸ, ื•ื‘ื›ื•ืœื ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื‘ื”ื ืžื™ืชื”'. ื•โ€“ ืขืœ ืฉื”ื™ื• ืฉืชื•ื™ื™ ื™ื™ืŸ. ื–โ€“ ืขืœ ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžื—ื•ืกืจื™ ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ื•ื›ื•', ื•ืžื” ื”ื™ื• ื—ืกืจื™ื โ€“ ืžืขื™ืœ ื•ื›ื•'. ื— โ€“ ืขืœ ืฉื ื›ื ืกื• ื‘ืœื ืจื—ื™ืฆืช ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื•ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื .ื˜ โ€“ ืขืœ ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื• ืœื”ื ื‘ื ื™ื. โ€“ ื™ ืจ' ืœื•ื™ ืืžืจ, ืฉื—ืฆื™ื (ืฉื—ืฆื ื™ื) ื”ื™ื•, ืžื” ื”ื™ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื, ืื—ื™ ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืžืœืš, ืื—ื™ ืืžื ื• ื ืฉื™ื, ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื›ื”ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื•ืื ื• ืฉื ื™ ืกื’ื ื™ ื›ื”ื•ื ื”; ืื™ื–ื” ืืฉื” ื”ื•ื’ื ืช ืœื ื• .ื™ื โ€“ ืžืœืžื“ ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžืฉื” ื•ืื”ืจืŸ ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ืŸ ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื•ื ื“ื‘ ื•ืื‘ื™ื”ื•ื ืžื”ืœื›ื™ืŸ ืื—ืจื™ื”ืŸ ื•ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื—ืจื™ื”ืŸ ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืžืชื™ ืฉื ื™ ื–ืงื ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืžืชื™ื ื•ืื ื• ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ืŸ ืฉืจืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ .ื™ื‘ โ€“ 'ื•ื™ื—ื–ื• ืืช ื”ืืœืงื™ื ื•ื™ืื›ืœื• ื•ื™ืฉืชื•' ื•ื›ื•' โ€“ ื”ื’ื™ืกื• ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ื•ื–ื ื• ืขื™ื ื™ื”ื ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื”.
ื•ึทื™ึทึผืงึฐืจึดื™ื‘ื•ึผ ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึฐ-ื”ึนื•ึธื” ืึตืฉื ื–ึธืจึธื” ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ืœึนื ืฆึดื•ึธึผื” ืึนืชึธื. (ื™ ื) ื‘ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ืึตืฉื ื–ึธืจึธื” ืจืžื•ื–ื™ื ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื—ื˜ืื™ื ืฉืœ ื ื“ื‘ ื•ืื‘ื™ื”ื•ื. ื•ื”ื ืจ"ืช ืืฉ, ืฉืชื•ื™ื™ ื™ื™ืŸ, ื–ืจืข, ืจื—ื•ืฆื™ื, ื”ื•ืจืื”. (ื”ื’ื™ืกื•) (ื—ื•ืžืช ืื ืš)
ืฉืืœื” โ€“ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžืชื• ื ื“ื‘ ื•ืื‘ื™ื”ื•ื ื•ื”ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื›ืณ ืฉื ื” ื•ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื ืื™ื ื ืžืขื ื™ืฉื™ืŸ ืขื“ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื ื™ ืขืฉืจื™ื ืฉื ื”.
ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” โ€“ ืืžืจื• ืจื–"ืœ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื™ื•ืจื“ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ืœืืจืฅ ื ื•ืชืŸ ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืžื—ื‘ืœื™ื ืœื—ื‘ืœ. (ื–ืจืข ื‘ืจืš) ื•ืืจื–ืดืœ ืชื ื ืื™ืกื™ ื‘ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืœื ืžืชื• ื ื“ื‘ ื•ืื‘ื™ื”ื•ื ืืœื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืฉืืžืจื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื ื™ืจื“ื” ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืชื• ื ื“ื‘ ื•ืื‘ื™ื”ื•ื ื™ื“ืขื• ืฉืฉืจืชื” ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ืœืžื˜ื”. ื“ื›ืฉื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ืœืžืขืœื” ืื™ื ื• ืžืขื ื™ืฉ ืขื“ ื‘ืŸ ืขืฉืจื™ื. ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืœืžื˜ื” ื”ื•ื™ ื›ื‘ืดื“ ืฉืœ ืžื˜ื” ื•ื ืขื ืฉ ืžื‘ืŸ ื™ืดื’. ื•ื ื“ื‘ ื•ืื‘ื™ื”ื• ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื›ืณ ื›ืžื• ืฉืืจื–ืดืœ ื•ืžื–ื” ื™ื“ืขื• ืฉื™ืจื“ื” ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื•ื–ืดืฉ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื™ื•ืจื“ืช ื ื™ืชืŸ ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืžื—ื‘ืœื™ื ืืฃ ื‘ืŸ ื™ืดื’. (ื—ื•ืžืช ืื ืš ื‘ืฉื ืขืฉืจื” ืžืืžืจื•ืช)
ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืฉืœ"ื” ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื•ื–"ืœ: 'ืžืฆืืชื™ ื‘ืงื•ื ื˜ืจืกื™ ื“ื”ืืจ"ื™ ื–"ืœ: ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื“ ื“ืžืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืžื™ืชืช ื‘ื ื™ ืื”ืจืŸ, ื‘ื ื™ื• ืื™ื ื ืžืชื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื•'.

ื‘ึดึผืงึฐืจึนื‘ึทื™ ืึถืงึธึผื“ึตืฉื (ื™ ื’) ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื™' ืืงื“ืฉ, ืžื›ืืŸ ืฉื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืื™ื ื• ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืขืฉืจื”.
ื”ึทืชึฐึผื ื•ึผืคึธื” ืขึทืœ ืึดืฉึตึผืื™ ื”ึทื—ึฒืœึธื‘ึดื™ื (ื™ ื˜ื•) ืกื•ืคื™ ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืžืคืจืข ืžื™ืœื”, ืœื•ืžืจ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžืฆื•ืช ืžื™ืœื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืชื ื•ืคื” ื•ื—ืœื‘ื™ื, ื–ื”ื• ื™ึธื‘ึดื™ืื•ึผ ืœึฐื”ึธื ึดื™ืฃ ืชึฐึผื ื•ึผืคึธื” ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™
ื™ึฐ-ื”ึนื•ึธื”. ืชึฐึผื ื•ึผืคึธื” 'ืชื ื• ืคื”'. ืžื™ืœื” ื‘ื’ื™ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืคื”, ืชื ื• ืคื” ื‘ื‘ืฉืจื›ื. ืฉื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื ืคื” ื”ื’ื•ืฃ. (ืฉืคืชื™ ื›ื”ืŸ ืขื”"ืช)

ื•ึฐืึตืช ืฉึฐื‚ืขึดื™ืจ ื”ึทื—ึทื˜ึธึผืืช ื“ึธึผืจึนืฉื ื“ึธึผืจึทืฉื ืžึนืฉึถืื” ื•ึฐื”ึดื ึตึผื” ืฉึนื‚ืจึธืฃ ื•ึทื™ึดึผืงึฐืฆึนืฃ ืขึทืœ ืึถืœึฐืขึธื–ึธืจ ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ืึดื™ืชึธืžึธืจ ื‘ึฐึผื ึตื™ ืึทื”ึฒืจึนืŸ ื”ึทื ึผื•ึนืชึธืจึดื ืœึตืืžึนืจ. (ื™ ื˜ื–)
ืืžืจื• ื—ื–"ืœ (ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืœ.) ืœึฐืคึดื™ื›ึธืšึฐ ื ึดืงึฐืจึฐืื•ึผ ืจึดืืฉืื•ึนื ึดื™ื 'ืกื•ึนืคึฐืจึดื™ื', ืฉืึถื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ืกื•ึนืคึฐืจึดื™ื ื›ึผื‡ืœ ื”ึธืื•ึนืชึดื™ึผื•ึนืช ืฉืึถื‘ึผึทืชึผื•ึนืจึธื”, ืฉืึถื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ืื•ึนืžึฐืจึดื™ื: ื•ึธืืดื• ื“ึผึฐ'ื’ึธื—ื•ึนืŸ' โ€“ ื—ึถืฆึฐื™ึธื™ืŸ ืฉืึถืœ ืื•ึนืชึดื™ึผื•ึนืช ืฉืึถืœ ืกึตืคึถืจ ืชึผื•ึนืจึธื”. 'ื“ึผึธืจึนืฉื ื“ึผึธืจึทืฉื' โ€“ ื—ึถืฆึฐื™ึธื™ืŸ ืฉืึถืœ ืชึผึตื™ื‘ื•ึนืช.
ื“ึธึผืจึนืฉื ื“ึธึผืจึทืฉื โ€“ ื—ืฆื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืžื›ืืŸ ื•ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืžื›ืืŸ, ืืขืค"ื™ ืฉื“ืจืฉื• ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื“ืจืฉื• ืขืœื™ื” ื˜ืขืžื™ื ื•ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืื•ืชืŸ ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืขืžื“ื• ืœืคื ื™ืš ื’ื ืืชื” ื“ืจื•ืฉ ื•ืงื‘ืœ ืฉื›ืจ, ื•ืขืœ ื–ื” ื ืืžืจ (ืžืฉืœื™ ื“ ื—) ืกึทืœึฐืกึฐืœึถื”ึธ ื•ึผืชึฐืจื•ึนืžึฐืžึถืšึธึผ. (ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืืคืจื™ื) ื•ื–ื”ื• ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ื›ืฉื™ืฉืœื™ื ื”ืื“ื ืื™ื–ื” ื“ืจืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืกื•ื‘ืจ ืฉืกื™ื™ื ื”ื”ืฉื’ื”, ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื•ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืจืืฉ ื›ื™ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื—ืœื”. (ืžื’ืœื” ืขืžื•ืงื•ืช ื•ืืชื—ื ืŸ ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜) ืœืจืžื– ืœืื“ื ืœื‘ืœ ื™ืืžืจ ื”ื ื” ื–ื” ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืฉื’ืชื™, ื•ืœื ืืชื™ื™ื’ืข ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืขื•ื“ ืžื” ืฉืื™ื ื• ื‘ื›ื— ืฉื’ืชื™, ืœื ื™ืืžืจ ื›ืŸ, ื›ื™ ื‘ืื ื™ืชื—ื™ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ, ื”ื ื” ื”ืฉื™"ืช ื™ืชืŸ ื›ื— ื ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ื ืคืฉื• ื•ืฉื›ืœื• ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืขื•ื“. (ืื’ืจื ื“ืคืจืงื, ืื•ืช ืฉื ื–)
ืฉืืœื” โ€“ ืœืžื” ื›ืืŸ ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืฉืชื™ ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช 'ื“ึผึธืจึนืฉื ื“ึผึธืจึทืฉื' ื•ื’ื‘ื™ ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื ืงื˜ ืื•ืช ืื—ืช ืฉืœ 'ื•ึธืื•' ื“ึผึฐ'ื’ึธื—ื•ึนืŸ'? ื›ืคื™ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืžืกื•ืจื” ื›ืžื” ืกื”"ื› ื”ื ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”?
ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” โ€“ ื›ืคื™ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืžืกื•ืจื” ืกืš ื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื ืฉืœืฉ ืžืื•ืช ืืœืฃ ื•ืืจื‘ืขื” ืืœืคื™ื ื•ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืžืื•ืช ื•ื—ืžืฉื” ื•ืœืคื™ ื–ื” ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืฉื™ืชื—ืœืงื• ืœืฉื ื™ ื—ืœืงื™ื ืฉื•ื™ื ืืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืช ืื—ื“ ื ืคืจื“ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื•ื ืžืฆื ืื•ืžืจื 'ื•ึธืื•' ื“ึผึฐ'ื’ึธื—ื•ึนืŸ' ื—ึถืฆึฐื™ึธืŸ ืฉืึถืœ ืื•ึนืชึดื™ึผื•ึนืช ื”ื•ื ืงืื™ ืขืœ ืื•ืช ื”ื ืคืจื“ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื”ื—ืฆืื™ืŸ ืฉืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ืฆื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ืฆื™ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืขื ื—ืฆื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื•ืœื ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืขื ื—ืฆื™ ื”ืฉื ื™. ืกืš ื›ืœ ื”ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ืืฉืจ ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืžืกื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื ืชืฉืขื” ื•ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ืืœืฃ ื•ืชืชืงืข"ื• ื•ื‘ื–ื” ื”ืกืš ืื™ืŸ ื ืคืจื“ ื•ื™ืชื—ืœืง ื”ืกืš ื”ื–ื” ืœืฉื ื™ ื—ืฆืื™ืŸ ืฉืœืžื™ื ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืืžืจ ื‘ื–ื” ื“ึธึผืจึนืฉื ื“ึธึผืจึทืฉื ื—ึถืฆึฐื™ึธืŸ ืฉืึถืœ ืชึผึตื‘ื•ึนืช ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืชื™ื‘ืช ื“ึธึผืจึนืฉื ื”ืื—ื“ ื”ื•ื ืกื•ืฃ ื—ืฆื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืชื™ื‘ืช ื“ึธึผืจึนืฉื ื”ืฉื ื™ ื”ื•ื ืจืืฉ ื—ืฆื™ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืื ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืžืจ ื›ืืŸ ืจืง ืชื™ื‘ื” ืื—ืช ืฉืœ 'ื“ึผึธืจึนืฉื' ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ืžื• ืขื ื™ืŸ 'ื•ึธืื•' ื“ึผึฐ'ื’ึธื—ื•ึนืŸ' ืฉื”ื•ื ืื•ืช ื ืคืจื“ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื”ื—ืฆืื™ืŸ ื›ืŸ ื–ื” ืชื™ื‘ืช 'ื“ึผึธืจึนืฉื' ื”ื™ื ืชื™ื‘ื” ื ืคืจื“ืช ืขื•ืžื“ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื”ื—ืฆืื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืืžืช ืื™ื ื• ื›ืŸ ื›ื™ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ืฉื ื ืคืจื“ ื•ื”ื—ืฆืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ื ื”ื ื‘ืžืกืคืจื ื•ืจืง ื”ืกื™ืžืŸ ื‘ื ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ื” ืฉืกื•ืฃ ื—ืฆื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืชื™ื‘ืช 'ื“ึผึธืจึนืฉื' ื•ืจืืฉ ื”ื—ืฆื™ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื”ื•ื ืชื™ื‘ืช 'ื“ึผึธืจึนืฉื' ืื‘ืœ ืกืš ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืžืกื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื ื—ืžืฉื” ืืœืคื™ื ื•ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืžืื•ืช ื•ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื•ื—ืžืฉื” ื•ื–ื” ื”ืกืš ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื ืคืจื“ ื•ืžื•ื›ืจื— ืœื•ืžืจ ื›ื™ ืคืกื•ืง 'ื•ึฐื”ึดืชึฐื’ึทึผืœึธึผื—' (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื™ื’, ืœื’) ื”ื•ื ื”ื ืคืจื“ ื”ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื—ืฆืื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืคืกื•ืงื™ื. (ื‘ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื™ื“ืข โ€“ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืœ.)
ื›ึนึผืœ ื”ื•ึนืœึตืšึฐ ืขึทืœ ื’ึธึผื—ื•ึนืŸ (ื™ื ืžื‘) ื•' ืจื‘ืชื™. ื•ื”ื™ื ืืžืฆืขื™ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืจืžื– ืœืชื•ืจื” ืฉื ืชื ื” ื‘ื•' ื‘ืกื™ื•ืŸ, ื•ื”ื™ื ื ืงืจืืช (ืื™ื•ื‘ ื™ื ื˜) ืึฒืจึปื›ึธึผื” ืžึตืึถืจึถืฅ ืžึดื“ึธึผื”ึผ ื•ึผืจึฐื—ึธื‘ึธื” ืžึดื ึดึผื™ ื™ึธื, ืœื›ืš ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื•' ื›ื™ ืจืื•ื™ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœื”ื ืชืŸ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืืœืคื™ื ืฉื ื” ืžื‘ืจื™ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœื•ืœื ืฉืืžืจ ืื‘ืจื”ื (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื˜ื• ื—) ื‘ึทึผืžึธึผื” ืึตื“ึทืข ื›ึดึผื™ ืึดื™ืจึธืฉึถืื ึธึผื”, ืื ื”ื™ืชื” ืœืืœืคื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืืžืฆืข ืœื‘ื“ ืžื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื™ื— ื›ืž"ืฉ ืจื–"ืœ (ืข"ื– ื˜.) ืฉืึตืฉืึถืช ืึฒืœึธืคึดื™ื ืฉืึธื ึธื” ื”ึธื•ึตื™ ื”ึธืขื•ึนืœึธื, ืฉืึฐื ึตื™ ืึฒืœึธืคึดื™ื ืชึผื•ึนื”ื•ึผ, ืฉืึฐื ึตื™ ืึฒืœึธืคึดื™ื ืชึผื•ึนืจึธื”, ื•' ืืจื•ื›ื”, ืฉืฉื” ืงืฆื•ืช, (ื•ื—ืชื ื‘ื”ื ืฉืฉ ืงืฆื•ื•ืช โ€“ ืกืคืจ ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ื ื™ื’), ื•' ื™ืžื™ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื•' ืืœืคื™ื ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื•ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื•ึธื•ึตื™ ื”ืขืžื•ื“ื™ื ืฉื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ื•' ืืจื™ื›ื ื›ื ื’ื“ ืชื•ืจืช ื”' ืคืงื•ื“ื™ ื”' ืžืฆื•ืช ื”' ื™ืจืืช ื”' ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื”' (ืชื”ืœื™ื ื™ื˜), ื•ื›ืŸ ืฉึฐืืžึทืข ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ ื™ึฐ-ื”ึนื•ึธื” ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื™ึฐ-ื”ึนื•ึธื” ืึถื—ึธื“ ื•' ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช, ื‘ืฉื›ืžืœ"ื• ื•' ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช. ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ โ€“ ื•' ืืจื™ื›ื, ื”ื•ึนืœึตืšึฐ ืขึทืœ ื’ึธึผื—ื•ึนืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ื ื—ืฉ ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื’ ื™ื“) ืขึทืœ ื’ึฐึผื—ึนื ึฐืšึธ ืชึตืœึตืšึฐ, ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื• ื ื™ื˜ืœื• ื•' ืžืชื ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื ืชืŸ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœืื“ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ (ื‘"ืจ ืคื™"ื‘) {ื–ึดื™ื•ื•ึน, ื—ึทื™ึผึธื™ื•, ืงื•ึนืžึธืชื•ึน, ืคึผึตืจื•ึนืช ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ, ื•ึผืคึตืจื•ึนืช ื”ึธืึดื™ืœึธืŸ, ื•ึผืžึฐืื•ึนืจื•ึนืช.}, ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื ื’ื–ืจ ืœื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื•' ืืจื™ื›ื, ื•ืขืชื™ื“ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจื ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื. (ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืืคืจื™ื, ืžื•ืฉื‘ ื–ืงื ื™ื)

ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ืคื ื™ื ืœืชื•ืจื” , ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืชื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืื—ืช
ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืื™ื ื ืœื”ืœื›ื” ืœืžืขืฉื” , ื”ืขืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืืจื•ืช ื™ืชืงื‘ืœื• ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื”
ืœืขื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืฉืžืช ื”ืจื‘ ื—ืคืฅ ื‘ืŸ ืืกืชืจ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืขืœื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื™ื™ืœ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ืช [email protected]

ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il