ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ืœื•ื— ืฉื ื” ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช

ื”ืงื“ืฉืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืืชืจ

ื”ืงื“ืฉ

ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
 ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื
  • ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืช
  • ืฉื ื™ื ืžืงืจื ื•ืื—ื“ ืชืจื’ื•ื
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
  • ืกืคืจื™ื”
  • ืฉื‘ืช
  • ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช, ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื•ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช
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9 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืœื“ืจืšืื–ื•ืจ ืฉื•ืจื˜ื™ืืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ืืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขืกื“ืจื•ืชืกืคืจื™ื”ืคืกืงื™ ื“ื™ืŸื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš
ื™ื - ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช
ืชืคื™ืœืช ืขืžื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ืช ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื‘ืชื•ื›ื” ืฉื‘ืข ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช. ื ื•ืกื— ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื›ื ื•ืกื— ืชืคื™ืœืช ืขืžื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืœ; ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืขืฉืจื” ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ื•ืช ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ืจื›ื” ืื—ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืขืœ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช, ื‘ื” ืื ื• ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืฉื™ืจืฆื” ื”' ื‘ืžื ื•ื—ืชื ื• ื•ื™ืงื“ืฉื ื• ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื•, ื•ื—ื•ืชืžื™ื: "ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื”' ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ืฉื‘ืช". ืœืคืชื™ื—ืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืชืงื ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื ื•ืกื— ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœื›ืœ ืชืคื™ืœื”, 'ืืชื” ืงื“ืฉืช' ืœืชืคื™ืœืช ืขืจื‘ื™ืช, 'ื™ืฉืžื— ืžืฉื”' ืœืฉื—ืจื™ืช, 'ืืชื” ืื—ื“' ืœืžื ื—ื”. ื•ืžื™ ืฉื˜ืขื” ื•ื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื–ื• ื‘ื–ื•, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉืืžืจ ื‘ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ืืช ื ื•ืกื— ื”ืžื ื—ื”, ื™ืฆื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืชื•, ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ืขื™ืงืจ ื ื•ืกื— ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืœื›ื•ืœืŸ (ืฉื•"ืข ืจืกื—, ื•; ืž"ื‘ ื™ื“).
ืืžื ื ืžืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื—ื•ืœ, ื•ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื‘ืจื›ื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืฉื‘ืช, ืืœื ืฉืžืฉื•ื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืœื ืจืฆื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืœื”ื˜ืจื™ื— ื•ืœื”ืืจื™ืš ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื›ื, ื). ื•ืขื•ื“, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžืชืื™ื ืœื‘ืงืฉ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืขืœ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ืฉืขื” ืฉืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืื“ื ืฆืขืจ (ืชื ื—ื•ืžื, ืจืฉ"ื™ ื•ืจืžื‘"ื). ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ืชืงื ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืขืฉืจื” ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื›ื” ืื—ืช. ืืœื ืฉืื ื˜ืขื” ื•ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืœ, ื•ื ื–ื›ืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืข ืืžื™ืจืช ืื—ืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื•ื ืฉื‘ืช, ืžืกื™ื™ื ืืช ืื•ืชื” ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ื•ืจืง ืื—"ื› ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื ื•ืกื— ื”ืฉื‘ืช. ืฉื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ืžืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ืืช ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœ, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื”, ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื™ืกื™ื™ื ืื•ืชื” (ืฉื•"ืข ืจืกื—, ื‘). ื•ืื ื˜ืขื” ื•ืœื ืืžืจ ืืช ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช, ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ืกื™ื™ื ืืช ืชืคื™ืœืชื•, ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื•ื™ืžืฉื™ืš ืžืฉื ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”. ืื‘ืœ ืื ื›ื‘ืจ ืกื™ื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ืชืคื™ืœืชื•, ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ืขื•ื“ ืœื ืคืกืข ืœืื—ืจื™ื•, ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœืชื” (ืฉื•"ืข ืจืกื—, ื”).
ืขื•ื“ ืชืคื™ืœื” ืงื‘ืขื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ืช, ืชืคื™ืœืช ืžื•ืกืฃ, ืฉื ืชืงื ื” ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืฉื ืฆื˜ื•ื•ื™ื ื• ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช. ื’ื ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” ื–ื• ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื›ื ื•ืกื— ืฉืืจ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช, ื•ื‘ืืžืฆืข ืชืงื ื• ื‘ืจื›ื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืขืœ ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืกืฃ ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช. 1

ื™ื‘ - ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื•
ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืช ืขืžื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืœื™ืœ ืฉื‘ืช ืื•ืžืจื™ื 'ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื•', ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืืช ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื”ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื”ืคื•ืชื—ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ืœื” 'ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื•': "ื•ึทื™ึฐื›ึปืœึผื•ึผ ื”ึทืฉึผืึธืžึทื™ึดื ื•ึฐื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ืฆึฐื‘ึธืึธื. ื•ึทื™ึฐื›ึทืœ ืึฑืœื•ึนื”ึดื™ื ื‘ึผึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึผืึฐื‘ึดื™ืขึดื™ ืžึฐืœึทืื›ึฐืชึผื•ึน ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืขึธืฉื‚ึธื”, ื•ึทื™ึผึดืฉืึฐื‘ึผึนืช ื‘ึผึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึผืึฐื‘ึดื™ืขึดื™ ืžึดื›ึผึธืœ ืžึฐืœึทืื›ึฐืชึผื•ึน ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืขึธืฉื‚ึธื”. ื•ึทื™ึฐื‘ึธืจึถืšึฐ ืึฑืœื•ึนื”ึดื™ื ืึถืช ื™ื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึผืึฐื‘ึดื™ืขึดื™ ื•ึทื™ึฐืงึทื“ึผึตืฉื ืึนืชื•ึน, ื›ึผึดื™ ื‘ื•ึน ืฉืึธื‘ึทืช ืžึดื›ึผึธืœ ืžึฐืœึทืื›ึฐืชึผื•ึน ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื‘ึผึธืจึธื ืึฑืœื•ึนื”ึดื™ื ืœึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึนืช" (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื‘, ื-ื’).
ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื (ืฉื‘ืช ืงื™ื˜, ื‘), ื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืžืจ 'ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื•' ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืช ืขืจื‘ ืฉื‘ืช, ื›ืื™ืœื• ื ืขืฉื” ืฉื•ืชืฃ ืœืงื‘"ื” ื‘ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช. ืžื’ืžืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืฉื™ืชื’ืœื” ื”' ืœืขื•ืœื ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ื™ื‘ืจืš ืื•ืชื•, ื•ื–ื” ืขื™ืงืจ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื‘ืช. ื•ื›ืฉื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืžืขื™ื“ ืขืœ ื‘ืจื™ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืขืœ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืืžื™ืจืช 'ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื•' - ื”ื•ื ืžื’ืฉื™ื ืืช ืžื’ืžืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื”, ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืžืชื•ื•ืกืคืช ื‘ืจื›ื” ืœืขื•ืœื.
ืขื•ื“ ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื (ืฉื), ื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืžืจ 'ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื•' ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืช ืขืจื‘ ืฉื‘ืช, ืฉื ื™ ืžืœืื›ื™ ื”ืฉืจืช ื”ืžืœื•ื•ื™ื ืœื• ืœืื“ื, ืžื ื™ื—ื™ื ื™ื“ื™ื”ื ืขืœ ืจืืฉื• ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื•: "ื•ึฐืกึธืจ ืขึฒื•ึนื ึถืšึธ ื•ึฐื—ึทื˜ึผึธืืชึฐืšึธ ืชึผึฐื›ึปืคึผึธืจ" (ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ื•, ื–). ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืชื‘ื˜ื ื‘ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื”ื–ื”ื•ืช ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื 'ืฉื‘ืช' ื•'ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”'. ืื›ืŸ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืื ื• ื ื–ื›ืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืจื ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืื™ืคื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื ืฉืžืชื ื•. ื•ื”ืื•ืžืจ 'ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื•' ื‘ืขืจื‘ ืฉื‘ืช, ืžื‘ื˜ื ืืช ืขื•ืžืง ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื‘ืช, ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ื•ืขื•ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื• ืžืชื›ืคืจื™ื.
ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืืžื™ืจืช 'ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื•' ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืช ืœื—ืฉ ืฉืœ ืขืจื‘ื™ืช, ื›ืœ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืœื•ืžืจ 'ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื•' ืื—ืจ ืชืคื™ืœืช ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ืงื•ืœ ืจื ื•ื‘ืขืžื™ื“ื” (ืฉื•"ืข ืจืกื—, ื–). ื•ื”ื˜ืขื, ืฉืื ื—ืœ ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช, ื ื•ืกื— ืชืคื™ืœืช ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ื•ืกื— ืชืคื™ืœืช ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื” ืืช ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืกืคื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืœื ืœื•ืžืจ 'ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื•'. ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ืœื”ืคืกื™ื“ ื‘ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ืฉื‘ืชื•ืช ืืช ืืžื™ืจืชื•, ืชืงื ื• ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื‘ืชื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื” ืื—ืจ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” 'ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื•'. ื•ื™ืฉ ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืขื•ื“ ื˜ืขื ืœืืžื™ืจืชื• - ืœื”ืขื™ื“ ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื‘ืจื™ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื. 2
ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš, ืื•ืžืจื™ื 'ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื•' ืคืขื ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ. ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฆื™ื ื• ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช, ืฉื“ื‘ืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื.

ื™ื’ - ืžื’ืŸ ืื‘ื•ืช - ืžืขื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืข
ืชืงื ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉื”ื—ื–ืŸ ื™ืืžืจ ืื—ืจื™ ืชืคื™ืœืช ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืจื›ื” 'ืžืขื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืข', ื•ื”ื™ื ื›ืขื™ืŸ ื—ื–ืจืช ื”ืฉ"ืฅ, ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ืชืžืฆื™ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืฉื‘ืข ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืช ืฉื‘ืช. ื˜ืขื ื”ืชืงื ื”, ืฉื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืฉื“ื”, ื•ื”ื™ืชื” ืกื›ื ื” ืœืื“ื ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืžื”ื ืœื‘ื™ืชื• ื‘ืœื™ืœื”, ื•ื—ืฉืฉื• ืฉืžื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื™ ืฉื™ืื—ืจ ื•ื™ืกื™ื™ื ืืช ืชืคื™ืœืชื• ืื—ืจ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื‘ื™ืชื• ืœื‘ื“ื• ื•ื™ืกืชื›ืŸ. ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืชืงื ื• ืฉื”ื—ื–ืŸ ื™ืืžืจ ื‘ืจื›ื” 'ืžืขื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืข', ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืชืชืืจืš ืฉื”ื™ื™ืช ื”ืงื”ืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช, ื•ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื ื™ืกืคื™ืงื• ื”ืžืื—ืจื™ื ืœืกื™ื™ื ืืช ืชืคื™ืœืชื ื•ื™ื—ื–ืจื• ืœื‘ื™ืชื ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ืงื”ืœ.
ื•ืืฃ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืœืฃ ืฉื ื” ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืช ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืขื™ืจ, ื”ืชืงื ื” ื ืฉืืจื” ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื”, ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช ืื•ืžืจ ื”ื—ื–ืŸ ืื—ืจ ืชืคื™ืœื” ืฉื‘ืœื—ืฉ ื‘ืจื›ื” 'ืžืขื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืข'. ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ืชืืกืฃ ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืคืจื˜ื™, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื—ืชืŸ ืื• ืื‘ืœ, ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืื•ืชื”, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืชืงื ื” ื ืชืงื ื” ืœื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“ (ืฉื•"ืข ืจืกื—, ื™).
ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืงื‘ืœื”, ืฉืืฃ ืฉื—ื›ืžื™ ื”ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืืžืจื• ืืช ื”ื˜ืขื ื”ื ื–ื›ืจ, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื›ื•ื•ื ื• ื‘ืชืงื ืชื ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ื”ืกื•ื“, ืฉื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื›ืขื™ืŸ ื—ื–ืจืช ื”ืฉ"ืฅ ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืช ืขืจื‘ื™ืช. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืชืงื ื” ืื™ื ื” ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช, ืืœื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ื—ื–ืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ืจื›ื” 'ืžืขื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืข' (ื‘ื"ื—, ื›ื”"ื— ืจืกื—, ื ). ื•ื›ืŸ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืงื‘ืœื”. ืื‘ืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื›ืชื‘ื• ื›ื“ืขื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ืจื›ื” 'ืžืขื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืข' ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืข. ื•ืจืง ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ืขื™ืจ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ, ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื’ื ื‘ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืงื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืจื›ื” 'ืžืขื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืข', ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ื›ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช. 3
ื‘ืจื›ื” ื–ื• ืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ืœื—ื–ืŸ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ืงื”ืœ ืื•ืžืจ ื‘ืงื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืงื˜ืข ื”ืคื•ืชื— ื‘'ืžื’ืŸ ืื‘ื•ืช', ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ื—ื–ืŸ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœืื•ืžืจื• ืœื‘ื“ื• (ืž"ื‘ ืจืกื—, ื›ื‘).
ื ื—ืœืงื• ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืื ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ื—ื–ืŸ ืœื›ืจื•ืข ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื”. ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื, ืฉื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื‘ืจื›ื” ื–ื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื—ื–ืจืช ื”ืฉ"ืฅ, ื”ืจื™ ื”ื™ื ื›ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ื—ื–ืŸ ืœื›ืจื•ืข ื‘ืคืชื™ื—ืชื” ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ื•ืจืข ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืชืคื™ืœืช ืขืžื™ื“ื”. ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื, ืฉืื™ื ื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ื›ื—ื–ืจืช ื”ืฉ"ืฅ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื›ืจื•ืข ื‘ืคืชื™ื—ืชื”. ื•ื›ืœ ืื“ื ื™ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ืžื ื”ื’ื•. 4

ื™ื“ - 'ืงื‘ืœืช ืฉื‘ืช' ื•ืขื•ื“ ื”ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช
ืœืคื ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืจื‘ืข ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื” ื”ื—ืœื• ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ืฆืคืช ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืืžื™ืจืช ืžื–ืžื•ืจื™ื ื•ืคื™ื•ื˜ื™ื, ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืจืฆื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืชืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืœื ืฉืžื” ื”ื™ืชื™ืจื” ืฉืžืชื•ื•ืกืคืช ืขื ื›ื ื™ืกืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช, ื ืชืงื‘ืœ ืžื ื”ื’ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืชืคื™ืœืช 'ืงื‘ืœืช ืฉื‘ืช'. ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืชืงื•ืคื” ื—ื™ ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืœืžื” ืืœืงื‘ืฅ, ื•ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืคื™ื•ื˜ ื”ืžื•ืคืœื 'ืœื›ื” ื“ื•ื“ื™', ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืœื”ืงื‘ื™ืœ ื‘ื• ืืช ืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื‘ืช.
ืžื ื”ื’ ื”ืืจ"ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืฉื“ื”, ื•ื”ื™ื• ืคื•ื ื™ื ืœืฆื“ ืžืขืจื‘ ืฉืฉื ื”ื—ืžื” ืฉื•ืงืขืช, ื•ืืžืจื• ื—ื–"ืœ (ื‘"ื‘ ื›ื”, ื) ืฉื‘ืฆื“ ืžืขืจื‘ ืขื™ืงืจ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื”. ื•ื ืชืงื‘ืœ ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื›ื ืกืช, ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœืฆื“ ืžืขืจื‘ ื‘ืขืช ืืžื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืคื™ื•ื˜ 'ืœื›ื” ื“ื•ื“ื™' ืฉื‘ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื 'ื‘ื•ืื™ ื›ืœื”'. ืœืคื™ ื–ื”, ื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืคืชื— ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืื—ืจ, ืคื•ื ื™ื ืœืฆื“ ืžืขืจื‘. ื•ื™ืฉ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœืฆื“ ืคืชื— ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ืื™ื ื• ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœืžืขืจื‘, ืœื‘ื˜ื ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ืฉื‘ืช ื›ืื•ืจื— ื”ื‘ื ื“ืจืš ื”ืคืชื—. 5
ืžื ื”ื’ ืงื“ื•ื ืžืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืคื ื™ ืชืคื™ืœืช ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ืคืจืง ืžืฉื ื™ื•ืช 'ื‘ืžื” ืžื“ืœื™ืงื™ืŸ' (ืฉื•"ืข ืขืจ, ื), ืฉื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื: "ืฉืœืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืื“ื ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื‘ื™ืชื• ืขืจื‘ ืฉื‘ืช ืขื ื—ืฉื›ื”, ืขืฉืจืชื, ืขืจื‘ืชื, ื”ื“ืœื™ืงื• ืืช ื”ื ืจ". ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœืื•ืžืจื•. ื•ื™ืฉ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืžืืžืจ ืžื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื”ืคื•ืชื— ื‘ืžื™ืœื” 'ื›ื’ื•ื•ื ื'.
ืžืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื ื”ื’ื• ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืžื–ืžื•ืจื™ื ื‘'ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื“ื–ืžืจื”' ืฉืœืคื ื™ ืชืคื™ืœืช ืฉื—ืจื™ืช, ื•ื‘ื—ืจื• ืžื–ืžื•ืจื™ื ืฉืžื–ื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื•ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉื”ืฉื‘ืช ื–ื›ืจ ืœืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื•ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื ื™ืชื ื” ื‘ืฉื‘ืช. ืœืคื ื™ ื‘ืจื›ืช 'ื™ืฉืชื‘ื—', ืฉื—ื•ืชืžืช ืืช 'ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื“ื–ืžืจื”', ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืชืคื™ืœืช 'ื ืฉืžืช-ื›ืœ-ื—ื™', ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื”ื–ื›ืจืช ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื, ืฉื”ืฉื‘ืช ื–ื›ืจ ืœื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื (ื˜ื•ืจ ืื•"ื— ืจืคื, ืœื‘ื•ืฉ). 6
ื ืฉื™ื ืคื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืžืืžื™ืจืช ื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ืฉืชืงื ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉื—ืจ ื•ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืขืžื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื—ืจื™ืช ื•ืžื ื—ื”, ื•ืื ื™ืชืคืœืœื• ืขืžื™ื“ื” ืคืขื ืื—ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื - ื™ืฆืื• ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืชืŸ. ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ื ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉื—ืจ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ (ืคื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืœื›ื” ืชืคื™ืœืช ื ืฉื™ื ื‘, ื”). ื•ืืฉื” ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื”, ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉืชื‘ื ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื‘ืฉื‘ืชื•ืช (ืฉื ื›, ื‘).

ื˜ื• - ืžื ื”ื’ ืืžื™ืจืช ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืœื•ื ืœืจื‘
"ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ืฆื—ืง: ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืื“ื ืœื”ืงื‘ื™ืœ ืคื ื™ ืจื‘ื• ื‘ืจื’ืœ" (ืจ"ื” ื˜ื–, ื‘). ื˜ืขื ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื”, ืœื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ืืœ ื”ืจื‘, ืฉืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ื™ืชื—ื–ืงื• ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžืฆื•ื•ืช. ื•ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื”ื ื”ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ืœื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ืืœ ื ื•ืฉืื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื•ื›ืŸ ื ื”ื’ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื™ืžื™ื ื™ืžื™ืžื”, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืœืžื“ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืื™ืฉื” ื”ืฉื•ื ืžื™ืช, ืฉื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉืจืื” ืืช ืืฉืชื• ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ืืœ ืืœื™ืฉืข ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื—ื•ืœ, ืฉืืœ: "ืžึทื“ึผื•ึผืขึท ืึทืชึผึฐ ื”ึนืœึถื›ึถืช ืึตืœึธื™ื• ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื, ืœึนื ื—ึนื“ึถืฉื ื•ึฐืœึนื ืฉืึทื‘ึผึธืช" (ืžืœื›ื™ื ื‘' ื“, ื›ื’), ืžืฉืžืข ืฉื‘ืจืืฉ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื•ืฉื‘ืช ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ืœื”ืงื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ืคื ื™ ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ืื• ื”ืจื‘.
ืคื™ืจืฉื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืฉื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ืžืจื—ืง. ืื“ื ืฉื’ืจ ืจื—ื•ืง ืžืจื‘ื•, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืงื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ืคื ื™ื• ืœื›ืœ ื”ืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื’, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ืฆื—ืง. ื•ืžื™ ืฉื’ืจ ืงืจื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืงื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ืคื ื™ ืจื‘ื• ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืคืขื ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ. ื•ืžื™ ืฉื’ืจ ื‘ืกืžื™ื›ื•ืช ืžืงื•ื, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืงื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ืคื ื™ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื‘ืช (ืขืค"ื™ ืจ"ื— ื•ื”ืจื™ื˜ื‘"ื, ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืื•"ื” ืฉื, ื“, 'ืœื”ืงื‘ื™ืœ'). ืขืœ ืคื™ ื–ื” ื ื”ื’ื• ื›ื™ื•ื ืœืœื›ืช ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืืœ ื”ืจื‘ ืœื•ืžืจ 'ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืœื•ื'. ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉื’ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืืช ื“ืจืฉืช ื”ืจื‘ ื ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ื‘ืื™ื ืœื”ืงื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ืคื ื™ื•.
ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื”ืจื‘ ืฆื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืงื•ืง ื–ืฆ"ืœ, ืฉืืฃ ืฉื ืฉื™ื ืื™ื ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืคืจื˜ื™ื” ื•ื“ืงื“ื•ืงื™ื”, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืžืฆื“ ื”ื™ื—ืก ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ืืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืืœ ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื” - ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื. ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืœืคื ื™ ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™, ืฆื™ื•ื•ื” ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœืžืฉื” ืœืคื ื•ืช ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื•ืื—"ื› ืืœ ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื. ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื˜, ื’, ื•ืžื›ื™ืœืชื): "ื›ึผึนื” ืชึนืืžึทืจ ืœึฐื‘ึตื™ืช ื™ึทืขึฒืงึนื‘ - ืืœื• ื”ื ืฉื™ื, ื•ึฐืชึทื’ึผึตื™ื“ ืœึดื‘ึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ - ืืœื• ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื".
ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœื ืžืงืจื” ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœื”ืงื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ืคื ื™ ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ื—ื’ื™ื ื•ื‘ืฉื‘ืชื•ืช ื ืœืžื“ืช ืžื”ืืฉื” ื”ืฉื•ื ืžื™ืช, ืฉื›ืคื™ ื”ื ืจืื” ื”ื™ื—ืก ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืขืžื•ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื™ื—ืกื ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื. ืฉื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืœ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” (ืคื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืœื›ื” ืชืคื™ืœืช ื ืฉื™ื ืคืจืง ื’. ื•ืฉื ื–, ื‘).


^ 1.. ืื ื˜ืขื” ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืช ืžื•ืกืฃ ื•ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืœ ื•ื ื–ื›ืจ ืฉืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืžื•ืกืฃ, ืืฃ ืฉื™ืฉ ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื™ืกื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื”, ื™ืคืกื™ืง ืžื™ื“, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืืœื• ืื™ื ืŸ ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืชืคื™ืœืช ืžื•ืกืฃ (ืฉื•"ืข ืจืกื”, ื‘, ืž"ื‘ ื”).
ืื ื‘ืื—ืช ืžืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ 'ืืชื”' ืžืชื•ืš ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช 'ืืชื” ื—ื•ื ืŸ' ื•ื ื–ื›ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื•ื ืฉื‘ืช, ืื ื”ื•ื ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืช ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ืื• ืžื ื—ื” ืฉื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืœื”ืŸ ืคื•ืชื—ืช ื‘ืžื™ืœื” 'ืืชื”' ื™ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื ื•ืกื— ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืฉื—ืจื™ืช, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ื—ื•ืœ ื•ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื”, ื™ืกื™ื™ื ืืช ื‘ืจื›ืช 'ืืชื” ื—ื•ื ืŸ'. ืืžื ื ื’ื ื‘ืฉื—ืจื™ืช ืื ืืžืจ 'ืืชื”' ื‘ืœื ืžืฉื™ื, ื™ืชืงืŸ ืขืฆืžื• ื•ื™ืืžืจ 'ื™ืฉืžื— ืžืฉื”', ืฉื›ืŸ ื’ื ืื ื”ื™ื” ืžืžืฉื™ืš 'ืืชื” ืงื“ืฉืช' ืฉืœ ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ืื• 'ืืชื” ืื—ื“' ืฉืœ ืžื ื—ื” - ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืฆื (ืฉื•"ืข ืจืกื”, ื’; ืž"ื‘ ื•; ื‘ื"ื— ืฉ"ื‘ ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื™).
^ 2.. ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืœืคื™ ื˜ืขื ื–ื”, ืžื™ ืฉืœื ื”ืกืคื™ืง ืœื•ืžืจ 'ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื•' ืขื ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ืœื ื™ืืžืจ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืขื“ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“, ืืœื ื™ื‘ืงืฉ ืžื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ืœืื•ืžืจื• ืขืžื•. ื•ืื ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจื• ืœื‘ื“ื•, ื™ืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœืื•ืžืจื• ื›ืงื•ืจื ื‘ืชื•ืจื” (ื˜"ื– ืจืกื—, ื”). ื•ื™ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉื›ืชื‘, ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื”ื–ื“ืจื– ืœืกื™ื™ื ืชืคื™ืœืช ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื•ืžืจ 'ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื•' ื‘ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ื‘ืืžื™ืจืชื• ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”ืฉื, ื•ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”ืฉื ื”ื•ื ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฉืจื” (ืคืž"ื’, ื‘ืื•"ื”). ืžื™ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื’ื™ืข ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืช ืœื—ืฉ ืœ'ื™ื”ื™ ืœืจืฆื•ืŸ' ืฉืœืคื ื™ 'ืืœื•ื”ื™ ื ืฆื•ืจ', ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ ืขื ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ 'ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื•' ื•ืœืกื™ื™ื ืืช ืชืคื™ืœืชื•. ื•ื›ืœ ืืœื• ืžื ื”ื’ื™ ื”ื™ื“ื•ืจ, ืื‘ืœ ืžืฆื“ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉืœื ืกื™ื™ื ืืช ืชืคื™ืœืชื• ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื•ืžืจ 'ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื•', ื›ื™ ืืžื™ืจืชื• ื ืชืงื ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื’ื ื‘ื™ื•"ื˜ ื™ืืžืจื• 'ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื•' ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื”, ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืืžื™ืจืชื• ืืช ืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืข ืœืื•ืžืจื• (ืฉื•"ืข ืจืกื—, ื–). ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื’ื ืžื™ ืฉืงืฉื” ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ื˜ืจื™ื— ื—ื‘ืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ื™ื—ื“ ืขืžื• 'ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื•', ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉื™ืืžืจ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื™ืฆื ืฉื™ืืžืจ 'ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื•' ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื. (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืž"ื‘ ืจืกื—, ื™ื˜; ื—ื–ื•"ื ืœื—, ื™).
^ 3.. ืื ืงื‘ืขื• ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืžืกื•ื™ื ืžืกืคืจ ื™ืžื™ื, ื“ืขืช ื"ืจ ื•ืž"ื‘ ืจืกื—, ื›ื“, ืฉืื ื™ืฉ ืฉื ืก"ืช - ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ืจื›ื” 'ืžืขื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืข'. ืื‘ืœ ืื ืื™ืŸ ืฉื ืก"ืช, ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื™ื. ื•ืœืื’"ืž ืื•"ื— ื—"ื“ ืกื˜, ื’, ืื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืก"ืช ืืœื ื‘ืงื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื”ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ. ืฉืื ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ื“ ื›ืœ ืœื™ืœ ืฉื‘ืช, ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืข ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื 'ืžืขื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืข'. ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฉืžืข ืžืขื•ื“ ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืฉื•ืขื”"ืจ ืจืกื—, ื˜ื•, ืฉืœื ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืก"ืช ื›ืชื ืื™ ืœืงื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื”ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ. ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื™ืฉ ืกืคืง, ืื• ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืกืคืง ืื ื”ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืงื‘ื•ืข, ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฆืจืฃ ืืช ื“ืขืช ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœื™ื ื•ืœื•ืžืจ 'ืžืขื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืข'. ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ืžื—ื ื” ืงื™ืฅ ืฉืœ ืชื ื•ืขืช ื ื•ืขืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืฉื ืก"ืช, ืืฃ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื›"ื  ืงื‘ื•ืข - ืื•ืžืจื™ื. ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืžืœื•ืŸ, ืื ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช ืงื‘ื•ืข ืื• ืก"ืช - ืื•ืžืจื™ื. ื•ืื ืฉื ื™ื”ื ืื™ื ื - ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื™ื. ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ื”ืจ ืฆื‘ื™ ืื•"ื— ื—"ื ืงื ื‘, ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื™ื 'ืžืขื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืข'. ื•ื›"ื› ื‘ื™ืœืงื•ื˜ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืจืกื–, ื›.
^ 4.. ื ื—ืœืงื• ื”ื’ืื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืฉืืœื” ื”ืื ืื“ื ืฉืœื ื”ืชืคืœืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฆืืช ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืชื• ื‘ืฉืžื™ืขืช ื‘ืจื›ื” 'ืžืขื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืข' ืžื”ื—ื–ืŸ. ืœื“ืขืช ืจื‘ ื ื˜ืจื•ื ืื™ ื’ืื•ืŸ, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฆืืช. ื•ืืฃ ืฉื”ื™ื•ื“ืข ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืขืฉืจื” ืื™ื ื• ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ื—ื–ืจืช ื”ืฉ"ืฅ, ื‘ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ืงื™ืœื•, ื›ื™ ืžื™ื™ืกื•ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ืจืฉื•ืช. ื•ืœื“ืขืช ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ืื•ืŸ, ืจืง ืื ื˜ืขื” ื•ื”ืชืคืœืœ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืœ, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฆืืช ื‘ืฉืžื™ืขืช 'ืžืขื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืข'. ื•ืœื“ืขืช ืจื‘ ืขืžืจื ื’ืื•ืŸ, ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” ืื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืช ืชืคื™ืœื” ื‘ืฉืžื™ืขืช 'ืžืขื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืข'. ื•ืฉื•ืจืฉ ืžื—ืœื•ืงืชื, ื”ืื 'ืžืขื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืข' ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ืœื—ื–ืจืช ื”ืฉ"ืฅ. ื•ื ืคืกืง ื‘ืฉื•"ืข ืจืกื—, ื™ื’, ืฉืื ืฉืžืข ืžื”ื—ื–ืŸ ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ื•ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœืฆืืช - ื™ืฆื. ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืž"ื‘ ืจืกื—, ื›ื—, ืฉืื ื˜ืขื” ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ืฉืžืข 'ืžืขื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืข', ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื™ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ืขืฆืžื•, ืœื—ื•ืฉ ืœื“ืขื•ืช ืฉืื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ื‘ืฉืžื™ืขืช 'ืžืขื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืข' (ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืœืงื•ื˜ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืจืกื–, ื™ื—).
^ 5.. ื™ืฉ ืžืŸ ื”ืกืคืจื“ื™ื ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœืฆื“ ืžืขืจื‘ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืืžื™ืจืช 'ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ืœื“ื•ื“' ื•ื›ืœ ืคื™ื•ื˜ 'ืœื›ื” ื“ื•ื“ื™'. ื•ืžื ื”ื’ ืชื™ืžืŸ ืฉืœื ืœืคื ื•ืช ื›ืœืœ ืœื ืœืžืขืจื‘ ื•ืœื ืœืคืชื—. ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ื ื•ื—ืœืง ืžืŸ ื”ืกืคืจื“ื™ื ืคื•ื ื™ื ืจืง ื‘ืกื•ืฃ 'ืœื›ื” ื“ื•ื“ื™' ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคื•ืชื— ื‘'ื‘ื•ืื™ ื‘ืฉืœื•ื'. ื•ืื™ืŸ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ื“ ื—ืœืง ื™ืคื ื• ืœืžืขืจื‘ ืž'ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ืœื“ื•ื“' ื•ื—ืœืง ืจืง ื‘'ื‘ื•ืื™ ื‘ืฉืœื•ื' ืžืฉื•ื 'ืœื ืชืชื’ื•ื“ื“ื•'. ืื‘ืœ ืืคืฉืจ ืฉื—ืœืง ื™ืฉื‘ื• ื•ื—ืœืง ื™ืขืžื“ื•, ืฉื›ืŸ ืชืžื™ื“ ื™ืฉื ื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ืฉื ื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื.
^ 6.. ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื™ืฉ ืœืฉืื•ืœ, ื”ืจื™ ืืžืจื• (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื›ื, ื), ืฉืžืคื ื™ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืœื ื”ื˜ืจื™ื—ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืืช ื™"ื’ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืชืคื™ืœืช ืขืžื™ื“ื”, ื•ืื™ืš ืžืืจื™ื›ื™ื ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื‘ืžื–ืžื•ืจื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื. ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื”, ืฉืœื ืจืฆื• ืœื”ื˜ืจื™ื— ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืขืœ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื—ื•ืœ ืฉืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืฆืขืจ (ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืชื ื—ื•ืžื ื•ื™ืจื ื; ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ื™ื˜ืจื™ ืงืž; ืจืžื‘"ื ืคืืจ ื”ื“ื•ืจ ืงืœ, ื›ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ื”ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช ื”, ื™ื, ื). ืื‘ืœ ืœื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื—ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืจืฆื•ื™. ืขื•ื“ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ื›ื™ ืจืฆื• ืœืงืฆืจ ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืขื•ื ื’ ืฉื‘ืช, ืฉื–ื• ืžื’ืžืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื™ืขืกืงื• ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืžืชื•ืš ืขื•ื ื’, ื•ืื—"ื› ื›ืฉืžื™ืขื˜ื• ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื• ืžื–ืžื•ืจื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ืฆื“ ืฉืœ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื”. (ื›ืคื™ ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืจืฉ"ื™ ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ืคืจื“ืก ืกื™' ืงืขื“, ืขืœ ื”ืคื™ื•ื˜ื™ื ืฉื ื•ืกืคื• ื‘ื—ื’ื™ื, ืฉื”ื ืžื˜ืขื ืขืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืœื”' ื”ืคืจื• ืชื•ืจืชืš, ืฉื”ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื“ืจืฉื•ืช).
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ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“

ืจืืฉ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื”ืจ ื‘ืจื›ื” ื•ืจื‘ ื”ื™ืฉื•ื‘. ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืกื“ืจืช ืกืคืจื™ "ืคื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืœื›ื”".
  • ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื“ืขืช ื”ืžื—ืžื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ื•ืจ
    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื“ืขืช ื”ืžื—ืžื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ื•ืจ

    ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื‘
  • ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืœืคืกื•ืœ ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืชืจ
    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืœืคืกื•ืœ ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืชืจ

    ืื™ื™ืจ ื”ืชืฉืข"ื”
  • ืฆื‘ื™ื•ืŸ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื•ืื”
    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ืฆื‘ื™ื•ืŸ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื•ืื”

    ืชืฉืข"ื“
  • ืœื ื”ื›ื•ืœ ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ื›ืฉืจ
    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ืœื ื”ื›ื•ืœ ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ื›ืฉืจ

    ื ื™ืกืŸ ืชืฉืข"ื–
ืฉื ื™ื ืžืงืจื ื•ืื—ื“ ืชืจื’ื•ื
ืฉื ื™ื ืžืงืจื ื•ืื—ื“ ืชืจื’ื•ื
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื

ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืžื”ื™ืจ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืฆื‘ื™ ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืฆื‘ื™ ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ
  • ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“
     ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื‘ ื‘ืขืจืœ ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื‘ ื‘ืขืจืœ ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืฉืคื™ืจื
     ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืฉืคื™ืจื
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืจ
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืจ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืœืžื” ืฉื•ืฉืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืœืžื” ืฉื•ืฉืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื‘ื™ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื•ืจืฅ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื‘ื™ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื•ืจืฅ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื‘ืจืœื™ื ืจ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื‘ืจืœื™ื ืจ
  • ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ื ืคืฉ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ื•ื”ื‘ื”ืžื™ืช
    40 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ - ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืœืžืŸ ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื

    ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ื ืคืฉ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ื•ื”ื‘ื”ืžื™ืช

    ื˜ื”ืจืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื•ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื” - ื–

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžืื‘ืง ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืคืฉ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ืœื ืคืฉ ื”ื‘ื”ืžื™ืช, ื•ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื™ืฉ ืœืจืชื•ื ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ืฆืจื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื–ื›ืš ืืช ื”ืื“ื ื’ื ื‘ืขืชื•ืช ืงื•ืฉื™ ื•ื™ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืžื•ื‘ื”ืจ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ื ืฉืžื•ืช ื•ื’ืœื’ื•ืœื™ื”ืŸ ื›ืจื•ื‘ื“ ืขืžื•ืง ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช, ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื–ื™ื›ื•ืš ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื•ืœื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืฉื.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื™' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืกืคืงื•ืช, ืจื•ื‘ ื•ื—ื–ืงื”: ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื•ืžืžื•ืŸ
    36 ื“ืง'
    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉ"ืก

    ืกืคืงื•ืช, ืจื•ื‘ ื•ื—ื–ืงื”: ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื•ืžืžื•ืŸ

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืืช ื”ื™ื—ืก ื•ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื ื™ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช, ืชื•ืš ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืงื•ืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ื‘ื‘ื ืžืฆื™ืข ืขืœ ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ื”ื›ืจืขื” ื‘ืกืคืงื•ืช. ื“ืจืš ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ ืจื•ื‘, ื—ื–ืงื” ื•ืžื•ื—ื–ืงื•ืช, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉืช ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขืžืงื” ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืžื“ื ื™ื™ื ื’ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืงื™ืื•ืช.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื ื™ืกื™ื ื–ืื’ื | ื™' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžื‘ื•ื ืœืชื "ืš: ืžืื•ืจ ื”ื’ื ื•ื– ืœืžืฆื™ืื•ืช
    48 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจ ื”ืชื "ืš

    ืžื‘ื•ื ืœืชื "ืš: ืžืื•ืจ ื”ื’ื ื•ื– ืœืžืฆื™ืื•ืช

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื "ืš, ืžืชื•ืš ืชืคื™ืกื” ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืื•ืจ ืืœื•ืงื™ ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ ืฉื ื•ืขื“ ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืจืš ืœื›ืœ ืื“ื ื•ืœื›ืœ ื“ื•ืจ. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื ืกืงืจ ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข, ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื•ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื›ืžืฉืœ ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉืœ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืžืื—ื“ื•ืช ื›ืœืœื™ืช, ื“ืจืš ืคื™ืจื•ื“ ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืคืจื˜ื™ืช, ื•ืขื“ ืœื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžื—ื“ืฉ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื ืคืชืœื™ ื‘ืจ-ืื•ืŸ | ื™"ื ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื”ืืจืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืฉืš
    28 ื“ืง'
    ืœืš ืœืš

    ื”ืืจืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืฉืš

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”"ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช" ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” โ€“ ืื‘ืจื”ื, ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื“ื•ื“ โ€“ ื•ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ืื™ื ื• ืจืง ืœืฉืจื•ื“, ืืœื ืœื”ืื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื•ืจื ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ื•ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช. ื“ืจืš ื“ืžื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืžื•ืฆื’ืช ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื–ื™ื›ื•ืš ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื•ื”ื›ืจืช ืฉื ืฉืžื™ื™ื, ืฉื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ืช ืœืžืฉื›ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื”.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ืฉืŸ | ื™"ื‘ ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืฆืขืจ ื”ื—ื˜ื ื•ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื ืคืฉ
    45 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ

    ืฆืขืจ ื”ื—ื˜ื ื•ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื ืคืฉ

    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืคืจืง ื–, ื– | ืคืจืง ื—, ื’'

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ, ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืคืกืงืื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช, ืžืžื” ื ื•ื‘ืข ืฆืขืจ ื”ื—ื˜ื, ื•ืžืจื—ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ื”ืกืชื›ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื ืคืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ืคืกื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืขื™ืŸ ื”ืจืขื” ืฉื’ื•ืจืžืช ืืช ื”ื—ื˜ื ื•ื”ืฆืขืจ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืคืจืฉืช ืœืš ืœืš ืชืฉืคื– โ€“ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ืื‘ื•ืช
    1:03
    ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ืš - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•

    ืคืจืฉืช ืœืš ืœืš ืชืฉืคื– โ€“ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ืื‘ื•ืช

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื• | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš โ€“ ืœืš ืœืš
    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš

    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš โ€“ ืœืš ืœืš

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 623

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 623

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” โ€“ ื’ื ืœื ืฉื™ื
    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” โ€“ ื’ื ืœื ืฉื™ื

    ื ืฉื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ืœื ืฉื™ื ื›ืžื• ืœื’ื‘ืจื™ื | ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืงืฉืจ ืœืชื•ืจื” - ื ืฉื™ื ืืฃ ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ืจื™ื | ืœื”ืงื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื•ืœื” โ€“ ืจืง ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื | ื ืฉื™ื, ื›ืžื• ื’ื‘ืจื™ื, ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื‘ืจืš ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืืช ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” | ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืขื‘ืจื• ื”ืฉื ื™ื, ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื”ืื™ืฉื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื“ืขื™ื ื’ื“ืœื” | ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช, ืชื•ืš ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ื ื”ืžื“ืข ื•ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”, ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืชื•ืจื”

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืคืจืฉืช ืœืš ืœืš โ€“ ื ืคืจื“ื™ื ืœืฉืœื•ื
    34 ื“ืง'
    ืœืš ืœืš

    ืคืจืฉืช ืœืš ืœืš โ€“ ื ืคืจื“ื™ื ืœืฉืœื•ื

    ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืชืงืฉื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืืœื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื• ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ืช ื•ืžืคืงื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื“ื™ื ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืžื—ื•ืกืจ ื–ื”ื•ืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ืœืื•ืžื™ืช

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื—ื™ ื–ืื’ื | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ืคืจืฉืช ืœืš ืœืš ืชืฉืคื–
    ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื-ืช ืค"ืฉ

    ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ืคืจืฉืช ืœืš ืœืš ืชืฉืคื–

    ืžื” ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืžื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ ื›ืจื™ืชื•ืช ืžืฆื•ืช ืžื™ืœื” ื•ืžืฆื•ืช ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืคืกื— ื”ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื ื›ืจืช ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืžืฆื•ืช ืขืฉื”. ืœืื™ื–ื” ืฆื•ืจืš ื”ื’ื‘ื™ื” ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืืช ืื‘ืจื”ื ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืŸ ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื, ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืชื ื’ื ืžืœืžื˜ื”. ื•ืขื•ื“ ืžื”ื• ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ื”ืจื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืžืฉื™ืœื•ื ืœืขืคืจ ื”ืืจืฅ. ืœืžื” ืฉืืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื‘ึทึผืžึธึผื” ืึตื“ึทืข ื›ึดึผื™ ืึดื™ืจึธืฉึถืื ึธึผื”, ื•ืื™ืœื• ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื ืœื ืฉืืœ ืื•ืช. ืื™ืš ืžืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื, ื•ื ืคืกืง ื‘ืฉื•"ืข (ื™ื•"ื“ ืจืกื• ื–) ืื“ื ืฉืœื ืžืœ ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื™ืžื•ืœ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืžื ื™ืงืœืงืœ ื•ื ืžืฆื ืžื—ืœืœ ืฉื‘ืช.

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžืืžืจ ืœืš ืœืš ืคื–
    ืœืš ืœืš

    ืžืืžืจ ืœืš ืœืš ืคื–

    ื”ืจื‘ ื ืชื ืืœ ื™ื•ืกื™ืคื•ืŸ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื”ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื•ื˜ ืœืื‘ืจื”ื
    27 ื“ืง'
    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื”

    ื”ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื•ื˜ ืœืื‘ืจื”ื

    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื” - ืœืš ืœืš - ื—ืœืง ื'

    ืชืจืข"ื˜ - ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข ื ืฆืจืš ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ื™ืฆืจ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘, ืœืฉืžืฉ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื• ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื›ื ื’ื“ื•. ื›ื›ื” ืขืฉื™ื• ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื™ืขืงื‘ ื•ืœื•ื˜ ืœืื‘ืจื”ื. ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืœื•ื˜ ื ืคืจื“ ืžืื‘ืจื”ื ื›ืš ื’ื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ื™ืคืจื“ื• ืžื”ืจืข ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ | ื™' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืื‘ืจื”ื ืžืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ื”ืงืฉืจ ืœืœื•ื˜
    30 ื“ืง'
    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื”

    ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืื‘ืจื”ื ืžืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ื”ืงืฉืจ ืœืœื•ื˜

    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื” - ืœืš ืœืš - ื—ืœืง ื‘'

    ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืื‘ืจื”ื ืžืžืฆืจื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืคื•ืขืœ ื“ืžื™ื•ื ื™ ืœื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืฆืืช ืžืžืฆืจื™ื. ื–ื” ืฉืœื•ื˜ ื ืคืจื“ ืžืื‘ืจื”ื ื”ื•ื ื™ืจื“ ืžืฆื“ืงื•ืชื•. ืžืœื—ืžืช ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ืžืœื›ื™ื ื•ื’ื ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื™ื ื•ืฆื—ื• ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ | ื™' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื”ื™ื” ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” - ืขืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช!
    ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืชืฉืค"ื–

    ื”ื™ื” ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” - ืขืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช!

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืจืช | ื—ืฉื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ืœ"ื’
    30 ื“ืง'
    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช

    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ืœ"ื’

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ ืกื˜ืคื ืกืงื™ | ื™' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืื•ื—ื–ื™ืŸ - ืžื”ื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื”
    56 ื“ืง'
    ื‘ื‘ื ืžืฆื™ืขื

    ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืื•ื—ื–ื™ืŸ - ืžื”ื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื”

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืืช ื™ืกื•ื“ ื“ื™ืŸ ื—ืœื•ืงื” ื•ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ื‘ืžืฉื ืช "ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืื•ื—ื–ื™ืŸ ื‘ื˜ืœื™ืช", ืชื•ืš ื”ืชืžืงื“ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ ื”ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ืœืจืžื‘"ื. ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืœื“ืขืช ื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื ืฉืขืŸ ืขืœ ืžื•ื—ื–ืงื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ื ื•ืขื“ื” ืจืง ืœื”ื›ื—ื™ืฉ ืืช ื˜ืขื ืช ื”ื™ืจื™ื‘, ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืขืช ื”ื ื•ื˜ืœื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืชื” ื–ื•ื›ื” ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื—ืœืงื•.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ | ื˜' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื–ื™ื›ื•ืš ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืช ืœืจื’ืฉ
    39 ื“ืง'
    ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืื™"ื”

    ื–ื™ื›ื•ืš ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืช ืœืจื’ืฉ

    ื”ืงื“ืžื” ืœืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืื™"ื” - 3

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื•ืžื‘ืืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ืžืžื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืœืžื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื•ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ืžืขืฆื‘ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืžื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื ืคืชื— ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืคืกืงื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ืžืฆื™ื’ื” ืืช ื–ื™ื›ื•ืš ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื›ืชื•ื•ืš ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืขืช ืœืจื’ืฉ, ืชื•ืš ื”ื“ื’ืฉื” ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจืŸ ื”ืฉื›ืœื™ ื•ื”ื›ืจืชื™ ืงื•ื“ื ืœืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ืŸ ื”ืจื’ืฉื™.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ. ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ | ื—' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ืฆื—ื•ืŸ?
    ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืชืฉืค"ื–

    ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ืฆื—ื•ืŸ?

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืจืช | ื—ืฉื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื
ืื–ื•ืจ ืื™ืฉื™

ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœืš, ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื‘ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ื•ืœื”ืžืฉืš ืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื• ืขื–ื‘ืช ืื•ืชืŸ.

ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il