ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื
  • ืคื•ืจื™ื ื•ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืื“ืจ
  • ืขื ื™ื ื™ ื”ื—ื’
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
  • ืกืคืจื™ื”
  • ืžื•ืขื“ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ื™ืฉืจืืœ
  • ืคื•ืจื™ื
undefined
18 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”

ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืœืจืคื•ืืช

ืจื—ืœ ื‘ืช ืืœื’ืจื”

ืžื•ืงืคื•ืช ื—ื•ืžื” ืžื™ืžื•ืช ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ื ื•ืŸ
ื‘ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืžื’ื™ืœื” (ื, ื) ื ืืžืจ:
ื›ืจื›ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืงืคื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืžื” ืžื™ืžื•ืช ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ื ื•ืŸ ืงื•ืจื™ืŸ ื‘ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืขืฉืจ. ื›ืคืจื™ื ื•ืขื™ื™ืจื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืงื•ืจื™ืŸ ื‘ืืจื‘ืขื” ืขืฉืจ.

ืžื”ื™ ืกื™ื‘ืช ื”ื”ื‘ื—ื ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ืงืคื•ืช ื—ื•ืžื” ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืจื™ื ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ืžื•ืงืคื•ืช ื—ื•ืžื”? ื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ื‘ืžื’ื™ืœื” (ื, ื) ื ืืžืจ:
ื›ืจื›ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืงืคื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืžื” ืžื™ืžื•ืช ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ื ื•ืŸ ืงื•ืจื™ืŸ ื‘ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืขืฉืจ. ืจื‘ื™ ืกื™ืžื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ืœื•ื™: ื—ืœืงื• ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ื—ืจื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ื™ืžื™ื, ื•ืชืœื• ืื•ืชื” ืžื™ืžื•ืช ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ื ื•ืŸ.

ืœืคื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื–ื•, ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืชืืจื™ื›ื™ ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ืงืคื•ืช ื—ื•ืžื” ืžื™ืžื•ืช ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ื ื•ืŸ ืœืขืจื™ื ื”ืคืจื•ื–ื•ืช, ื”ื•ื ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉื—ืœืงื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ื—ืจื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืื•ืชื ื™ืžื™ื. 1
ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื, ื” ืคืกืง ื›ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™, ื•ื”ืฆื™ื’ ื–ืืช ื›ืš:
ืฉื•ืฉืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื” โ€“ ืืข"ืค ืฉืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื•ืงืคืช ื—ื•ืžื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ื ื•ืŸ, ืงื•ืจืื™ืŸ ื‘ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืขืฉืจ, ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ื ืก ืฉื ืืžืจ: "ื•ื ึนื— ื‘ื—ืžึดืฉื” ืขืฉืจ ื‘ื•" (ืืกืชืจ ื˜, ื™ื—). ื•ืœืžื” ืชืœื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข? ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืœื•ืง ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ื—ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ืŸ ื›ื‘ื ื™ ืฉื•ืฉืŸ, ื•ื™ื™ื—ืฉื‘ื• ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ืŸ ื›ืจื›ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืงืคื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืžื”, ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื”ืŸ ืขืชื” ื—ืจื‘ื™ืŸ, ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ืงืคื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข, ื•ื™ื”ื™ื” ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื ืก ื–ื”.

ืžื“ื•ืข ื™ืฉ ืœื—ืœื•ืง ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ? ืžื“ื•ืข ื™ืฉ ืœื“ืžื•ืช ืืช ื“ื™ื ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืขืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ืงืคื•ืช ื—ื•ืžื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืฉื•ืฉืŸ? ื‘ืžื” ืžืชื‘ื˜ื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื–ื”? ื•ืžื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืกืคืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื: "ื•ื™ื”ื™ื” ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื ืก ื–ื”"?

ืคื•ืจื™ื ื•ืฉื™ื‘ืช ืฆื™ื•ืŸ
ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืžื’ื™ืœืช ืืกืชืจ ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื™ืžื™ ืฉื™ื‘ืช ืฆื™ื•ืŸ. ื”' ืคืงื“ ืืช ืขืžื•, ื•ื”ืขืœื™ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืช ื–ืจื•ื‘ื‘ืœ ื‘ืŸ ืฉืืœืชื™ืืœ ื•ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ืฆื“ืง ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ื‘ืขืœื™ื” ื–ื• ืขืœื• ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืืœืฃ ืขื•ืœื™ื (ืขื–ืจื ื‘, ืกื“) โ€“ ื›ืœื•ืžืจ: ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื’ื•ืœื™ื ื ืฉืืจื• ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืืจืฅ. ืžืฉื”ื—ืœื• ื”ืขื•ืœื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, ืžื ืขื• ื–ืืช ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ ืžื”ื. ื”ืœืœื• ื›ืชื‘ื• ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื˜ื ื” ืœืžืœื›ื•ืช ืคืจืก, ื•ืชื•ืฆืื•ืชื™ื• ื”ื™ื• ืฉื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื ืคืกืง ืœืžืฉืš ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืขืฉืจื” ืฉื ื” (ืขื–ืจื ื’, ื—-ื“, ื›ื“). ื‘ืชื•ืš ืฉื ื™ื ืืœื• ื›ืœื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืขืฉืจื” ืฉื ื•ืช ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืื—ืฉื•ื•ืจื•ืฉ, ืฉื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื™ืžื™ื• ืคืกืงื” ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืจืฉืžื™, ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืฉื˜ื ื” ืฉื ืฉืœื— ืืœื™ื• ืข"ื™ ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื: "ื•ื‘ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืื—ืฉื•ึตืจื•ืฉ, ื‘ืชื—ึดืœืช ืžืœื›ื•ืชื• ื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉื˜ื ื” ืขืœ ื™ึนืฉื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ื™ืจื•ืฉืœึทึดื" (ืขื–ืจื ื“, ื•). ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืฉื˜ื ื” ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื•ืœื ืœื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžืื” ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืฉื‘ืข ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืื—ืฉื•ื•ืจื•ืฉ. ืžืžื ื• ื•ืื™ืœืš ื”ื•ืงืคืื” ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ.
ื‘ื—ื–"ืœ ื™ืฉื ืŸ ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืงื•ืฉืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฉืชืœืฉืœื•ืช ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืžื’ื™ืœืช ืืกืชืจ ืืœ ื”ืžืื‘ืง ืขืœ ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืžืฉืš ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ. ื‘ื™ืœืงื•ื˜ ืฉืžืขื•ื ื™ ืœืืกืชืจ, ืจืžื– ืชืชืจืžื”, ื ืืžืจ:
ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™: ืื—ืฉื•ื•ืจื•ืฉ โ€“ ืื—ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืจืืฉ, ื•ื‘ืŸ ื’ื™ืœื• ืฉืœ ืจืืฉ: ืื—ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื ื‘ื•ื›ื“ื ืืฆืจ ื”ืจืฉืข, ืฉื”ื—ืจื™ื‘ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, ื•ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืœื”ื—ืจื™ื‘, ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ "ื•ื‘ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืื—ืฉื•ึตืจื•ืฉ ื‘ืชื—ึดืœืช ืžืœื›ื•ืชื• ื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉื˜ื ื”"...
ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ:... ื‘ืื• ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, ื•ืขืžื“ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื”ืžืŸ ื”ืจืฉืข, ื”ื•ื [ื•ื‘ื ื•] ืฉืžืฉื™ ื”ืกื•ืคืจ, ื•ืžืฉื ื™ืจื“ ืคืจื•ื–ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ (=ืฉืœื™ื—) ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืฉื™ื™ื‘ื ื” ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ. ืืžืจื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ: ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื‘ื˜ื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ, ืฉื ืืžืจ "ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืชืคื™ื• ืฉื›ืŸ" (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื’, ื™ื‘), ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื™ืจื“ ืคืจื•ื–ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ ื›ื ื’ื“ืŸ. ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื™ืจื“ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืฉื™ื™ื‘ื ื” ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื•, ื•ื”ืžืŸ ื™ืจื“ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืฉื™ื™ื‘ื˜ืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื•, ืฉื›ืš ื›ืชื™ื‘: "ื•ื‘ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืื—ืฉื•ึตืจื•ืฉ ื‘ืชื—ึดืœืช ืžืœื›ื•ืชื• ื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉื˜ื ื”" (ืขื–ืจื ื“, ื•). ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืฆื•ื•ื—ื•: ื•ื•ื™! โ€“ "ื•ื™ื”ื™ ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืื—ืฉื•ืจื•ืฉ".

ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื•ื”ืžืŸ ื ืฉืœื—ื™ื ื›ืฉืœื™ื—ื™ื ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉืืœืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ. ืžืจื“ื›ื™ โ€“ ืžืชื•ืš ืžื’ืžื” ืฉื™ื™ื‘ื ื”, ื•ื”ืžืŸ โ€“ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืฉื™ื™ื‘ื˜ืœ. ืจืฉ"ื™ ืœืืกืชืจ ื˜, ื™ ื›ื•ืชื‘, ืฉืขืฉืจืช ื‘ื ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืŸ ื”ื™ื• ืืœื• ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ืืช ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืฉื˜ื ื”:
ื•ืžื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืฉื˜ื ื”? ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื›ื•ืจืฉ, ืฉื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช, ื•ื”ืœืฉื™ื ื• ืขืœื™ื”ื ื”ื›ื•ืชื™ื ื•ื”ื—ื“ื™ืœื•ื. ื•ื›ืฉืžืช ื›ื•ืจืฉ ื•ืžืœืš ืื—ืฉื•ื•ืจื•ืฉ ื•ื”ืชื ืฉื ื”ืžืŸ, ื“ืื’ ืฉืœื ื™ืขืกืงื• ืื•ืชืŸ ืฉื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื•ืฉืœื—ื• ื‘ืฉื ืื—ืฉื•ื•ืจื•ืฉ ืœืฉืจื™ ืขื‘ืจ ื”ื ื”ืจ ืœื‘ื˜ืœืŸ.

ื‘ืžืฉืชื” ืฉืขืจืš ืื—ืฉื•ื•ืจื•ืฉ, ื›ืžืชื•ืืจ ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื”, ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื”ืžืœืš ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, ืžืชื•ืš ืฉื—ื™ืฉื‘ ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื•ื˜ืขื” ืืช ืฉื ื•ืช ื’ืœื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืกืงื ื” ืฉื”' ืœื ื™ืคืงื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. 2 ื•ื”ื•ื ืืฃ ืœื‘ืฉ ื‘ืžืฉืชื” ืืช ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ. 3 ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืชื” ื”ื™ื• ืžื›ืœื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, 4 ื•ื”ืžืฉืชื” ืขืฆืžื• ื ื•ืขื“ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืžืœืื•ืช ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืžืœืื›ืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ. ื›ืš ื ืืžืจ ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ืืกืชืจ ืจื‘ื” ื, ื˜ื•:
"ื‘ืฉื ืช ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืœืžืœื›ื• ืขืฉื” ืžืฉืชื”" (ืืกืชืจ ื, ื’) โ€“ ืจ' ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ืจ' ื ื—ืžื™ื”: ืจ' ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืืžืจ, ื‘ืฉื ืช ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืœืžืœืื›ืช ื”ื›ื™ืกื; ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื’ืžืจ ืžืœืื›ืช ื”ื›ื™ืกื, ืขืฉื” ืžืฉืชื” ืœื›ืœ ืฉืจื™ื• ื•ืขื‘ื“ื™ื•. ื•ืจ' ื ื—ืžื™ื” ืืžืจ, ื‘ืฉื ืช ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืžืœืื›ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ; ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื’ืžืจ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืžืœืื›ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื, ืขืฉื” ืžืฉืชื” ืœื›ืœ ืฉืจื™ื• ื•ืขื‘ื“ื™ื•.

ืขืœ ืžืฉืชื” ื–ื” ื ืืžืจ ื‘ืืกืชืจ ืจื‘ื” ื, ื™:
"ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื”ื" (ืืกืชืจ ื, ื‘) โ€“ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืžืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžืœืื›ื™ ื”ืฉืจืช ืžื“ื“ื™ืŸ ืคื™ืชืงื™ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืงื‘"ื”. ืฉื”ื™ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœืคื ื™ื•: ืจื‘ืฉ"ืข, ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื—ืจื‘ ื•ืจืฉืข ื–ื” ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื•ืขื•ืฉื” ืžืจื–ื™ื—ื™ืŸ?!

ืขื•ื ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื•ืฉืชื™ ื ื’ื–ืจ ืžื™ื™ื—ืกื” ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ. ื›ืš ื ืืžืจ ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ืืกืชืจ ืจื‘ื” ื”, ื‘:
"ื–ื›ืจ ืืช ื•ืฉืชื™" (ืืกืชืจ ื‘, ื) โ€“ ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ื–ืืช ืฉื’ื–ืจ ืขืœื™ื” ืฉืชื™ื›ื ืก ืœืคื ื™ื• ืขืจื•ืžื” ื•ืœื ื ื›ื ืกื”, ื•ืงืฆืฃ ืขืœื™ื” ื•ื”ืจื’ื”... ื•ืœืžื” ืขืœืชื” ืœื” ื›ืš? ืœืคื™ ืฉืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื ื—ืช ืœืื—ืฉื•ื•ืจื•ืฉ ืœื™ืชืŸ ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, ื•ืื•ืžืจืช ืœื•: ืžื” ืฉื”ื—ืจื™ื‘ื• ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื™ ืืชื” ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช?

ื’ื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืžืกื•ื‘ื›ื™ื, ื”ื•ื–ื›ืจ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ืจืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ. ืื—ืฉื•ืจื•ืฉ ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืžื”ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืœื“ื•ืŸ ืืช ื•ืฉืชื™ ืฉืกื™ืจื‘ื” ืœื‘ื, ื•ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื—ื›ืžื™ื: "ืžื™ื•ื ืฉื—ืจื‘ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื•ื’ืœื™ื ื• ืžืืจืฆื ื• ื ื™ื˜ืœื” ืขืฆื” ืžืžื ื•, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื ื™ ื ืคืฉื•ืช" (ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื™ื‘ ืข"ื‘). ื›ืจื•ืžื–ื™ื ืœืื—ืฉื•ืจื•ืฉ, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื• ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, ื•ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื“ื•ืŸ ืืช ื•ืฉืชื™.
ืฉื™ืื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื ื›ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืœืš ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืฉื ืช ืฉืชื™ื ืขืฉืจื” ืœืžืœื›ื•ืชื•, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื”ืžืœืš ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืžื™ื“ ื•ืœื”ืจื•ื’ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืืฉืจ ื‘ืžืœื›ื•ืชื•. ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืœ ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื ืชื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžืœืš ืชื—ืช ืœื—ืฆื™ื ืžืฉื ื™ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื: ืžืฆื“ ื”ืžืŸ ื•ืžืฆื“ ืžืจื“ื›ื™, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืฆื ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืœืกื›ืกื•ืš ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื–ื”. ื›ืš ื‘ื™ืœืงื•ื˜ ืฉืžืขื•ื ื™ ืœืืกืชืจ, ืจืžื– ืชืชืจื ื’:
"ืื—ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื’ึผึดื“ึผึทืœ" (ืืกืชืจ ื’, ื)โ€“ ื”ื™ืจื”ื•ืจื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืฉื. ื•ืžื™ ื”ื™ืจื”ืจ? ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืืžืจ: ืื—ืฉื•ื•ืจื•ืฉ ื”ื™ืจื”ืจ, ืืžืจ: ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ; ืœื‘ื ื•ืช โ€“ ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ, ื•ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจื• โ€“ ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ. ืืœื ื”ืจื™ื ื™ ืžื’ืจื” ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืžืŸ, ื•ื™ื”ื ื–ื” ื‘ื•ื ื” ื•ื–ื” ืกื•ืชืจ.

ืขื“ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืื ืœืืฉืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื” ืื• ืœื, ื”ื•ื ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืžืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืจืฆื•ื ื• ืžืชื•ืš ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืฉื”ืงื•ืœืจ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ืฆื•ืืจื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืŸ ื•ืœื ืขืœ ืฆื•ื•ืืจื• ืฉืœื•. ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืฉื˜ื ื” ืฉื™ืฆื ื‘ื–ืžื ื• ื›ื ื’ื“ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื”ืคืš ื‘ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืœืžื›ืชื‘ ื›ื ื’ื“ ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื.
ื’ื ื‘ืžืฉืชื” ืืกืชืจ ืื•ืžืจ ืœื” ื”ืžืœืš ืฉื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื‘ืงืฉ ื”ื›ืœ, ื—ื•ืฅ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“. ื›ืš ื ืืžืจ ื‘ื’ืžืจื ื‘ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื˜ื• ืข"ื‘:
"ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืœื” ื”ืžืœืš: ืžื” ืœืš, ืืกืชืจ ื”ืžืœื›ื”, ื•ืžื” ื‘ืงืฉืชืš, ืขื“ ื—ืฆื™ ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช (ื•ืชืขืฉ)[ื•ื™ื ืชืŸ ืœืš]" (ืืกืชืจ ื”, ื‘) โ€“ ื—ืฆื™ ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื•ืœื ื›ืœ ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช, ื•ืœื ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื—ื•ืฆืฅ ืœืžืœื›ื•ืช, ื•ืžืื™ ื ื™ื”ื•? ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ.

ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื–ื” ืœื ื™ื“ืข ืื—ืฉื•ื•ืจื•ืฉ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื”ื• ืžื•ืฆืื” ืฉืœ ืืกืชืจ ื•ืžื”ื• ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœื” ืœืžืงื“ืฉ; ืืš ื“ืจื™ืฉืชื• ืžืžื ื” ื”ื™ืชื”, ืฉืœื ืชืชืขืจื‘ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื–ื”, ื•ืฉืœื ืชื‘ืงืฉ ืžื”ืžืœืš ืœื ื˜ื•ืช ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื›ืœ ืฆื“ ืฉื”ื•ื.
ื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉื”ืžืŸ ื‘ื ืœื”ื•ืจื’ื•, ื”ื•ื ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืœื• ืืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ. ื›ืš ื ืืžืจ ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ืืกืชืจ ืจื‘ื” ื™, ื“:
"ื•ื™ืงื— ื”ืžืŸ ืืช ื”ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื•ืืช ื”ืกื•ืก" (ืืกืชืจ ื•, ื™ื) โ€“ ื”ืœืš ืœื• ืืฆืœ ืžืจื“ื›ื™. ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื’ื™ื“ื• ืœืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื, ื ืชื™ื™ืจื ืขื“ ืžืื“, ื•ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื•ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื• ืœืคื ื™ื•. ืืžืจ ืœื”ื ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื•: ื‘ื ื™ื™, ืจื•ืฆื• ื•ื”ื™ื‘ื“ืœื• ืžื›ืืŸ, ืฉืœื ืชื™ื›ื•ื• ื‘ื’ื—ืœืชื™, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ืžืŸ ื”ืจืฉืข ื‘ื ืœื”ื•ืจื’ื ื™. ืืžืจื•: ืื ืชืžื•ืช โ€“ ื ืžื•ืช ืขืžืš. ืืžืจ ืœื”ื: ืื ื›ืŸ ื ืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ื ื™ืคื˜ืจ ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”. ื•ื—ืกืœื•ืŸ ืฆืœื•ืชื”ื•ืŸ, ื™ืชื‘ื•ืŸ ื•ืขืกืงื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืžืจ, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื•ื ื˜"ื– ื‘ื ื™ืกืŸ ื”ื™ื”, ื•ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื™ื• ืžืงืจื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื•ืžืจ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ืงื™ื™ื. ืืชื ื”ืžืŸ ืœื’ื‘ื™ื”ื•ืŸ. ืืžืจ ืœื•ืŸ: ื‘ืžื” ืืชื•ืŸ ืขืกืงื™ืŸ? ืืžืจื• ืœื•: ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืžืจ... ืชืžืŸ ืืžืจื™: ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืงืžื™ืฆื” ืื—ื•ื• ืœื™ื”, ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ืฉื”ื™ื• ืงื•ืžืฆื™ืŸ ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ืžืจ. ืืžืจ ืœื•ืŸ: ื•ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืขื•ืžืจื โ€“ ืžื”ื•: ื“ื“ื”ื‘ ืื• ื“ื›ืกืฃ? ืืžืจื™ ืœื™ื”: ืœื ื“ื“ื”ื‘ ื•ืœื ื“ื›ืกืฃ ื•ืœื ื“ื—ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ, ืืœื ื“ืฉืขื•ืจื™ืŸ.

ื”ืจืงืข ืœืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืžื’ื™ืœืช ืืกืชืจ ื”ื•ื, ืื ื›ืŸ, ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืช. ืžื›ืืŸ ืฉื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืก ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืฉื•ืฉืŸ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื ืขืžื•ืง. ื”ื ืก ื‘ืฉื•ืฉืŸ ืกืœืœ ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืœื”ืžืฉืš ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื•ื”ืžืฉืš ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืืžื ื ื”ื ืก ืขืฆืžื• ื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ืฉื•ืฉืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ืชื•ืฆืื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื ืก ื•ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ื™ื• ืขืœ ื”ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ.
ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืคืจืฉ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื, ื‘ืื•ืžืจื•: "ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื ืก ื–ื”" โ€“ ืœื ื›ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืืœื ื›ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืžื”ื•ืชื™ ื•ื‘ืœืชื™-ื ืคืจื“ ืžื”ืžืื•ืจืขื•ืช ืฉื”ืชืจื—ืฉื• ื‘ืฉื•ืฉืŸ.

ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื ืก ืœืื•ืชืŸ ืฉื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ
ื›ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ, ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืžื’ื™ืœืช ืืกืชืจ ื”ื™ื” ืจื•ื‘ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื’ืœื•ืช, ื•ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ืงื˜ืŸ ืขืœื” ืืจืฆื”. ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ, ื‘ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ื• ืœืžื’ื™ืœื” ื‘ ืข"ื, ื“ืŸ ื‘ืชืงื ื” ืœืงืจื•ื ืืช ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืžื•ืงืคืช ื—ื•ืžื” ื‘-ื˜"ื• ื‘ืื“ืจ, ื•ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืฉืกื›ื ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉื‘ื• ื‘ืขืจื™ ื”ืคืจื–ื•ืช ืœืœื ื—ื•ืžื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขืจื™ื ืžื•ืงืคื•ืช, ื•ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ื ื”ืงื“ื™ืžื• ืืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ืœ-ื™"ื“ ื‘ืื“ืจ. ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืขืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ืงืคื•ืช, ืชื™ืงื ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉื’ื ื”ื ื™ืฆื™ื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ื ืก, ืืฃ ืฉื”ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืกื›ื ืช ื”ื›ื—ื“ื”. ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ:
ื•ื”ื™ื” ืจืื•ื™ ืœืคื™ ื–ื” ืฉื”ืคืจื–ื™ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืื—ืฉื•ื•ืจื•ืฉ ื™ื”ื™ื• ืงื•ื“ืžื™ืŸ ืœืžื•ืงืคื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ื™ืžื™ื•; ืืœื ืœืคื™ ืฉืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื ืก ืœืื•ืชืŸ ืฉื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ื—ืจื‘ื”, ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื‘ื ื• ื‘ื” ื›ืœื•ื ืžืฉืขืช ืขืœื™ื™ืชืŸ, ืœื ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืขื™ืจ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื›ืœ ืขืจื™ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื›ืœ ืขืจื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื”ื‘ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื ื™ื“ื•ื ื•ืช ื›ืขืจื™ ื”ืคืจื–ื™ื, ื•ื”ื—ื–ื™ืจื• ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื™ืžื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข, ื•ื—ื™ืœืงื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืงืคื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืžื” ืžื™ืžื•ืช ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ื ื•ืŸ ืœืฉืื™ื ืŸ ืžื•ืงืคื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืžื”. ื–ื”ื• ืฉืืžืจื• ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ (ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื, ื): "ืจ' ืกื™ืžื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื ืจ' ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ืœื•ื™: ื—ืœืงื• ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื›ื™ ื”ื™ืชื” ื—ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืื•ืชืŸ ื™ืžื™ื, ื•ืชืœื• ืื•ืชืŸ ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ื ื•ืŸ".
ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ, ืฉืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื ืก ื”ื™ื” ืœืื•ืชื ื”ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ื ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืฉื ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ:
ื‘ื–ืžื ื• ืฉืœ ื ืก ื–ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื ืคืงื“ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืขืœื• ืœืืจืฅ ื‘ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื›ื•ืจืฉ, ื•ื ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื• ื‘ืขืจื™ื”ื. ื•ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉืืžืจ ื”ืžืŸ: "ื™ืฉื ื• ืขื ืื—ื“ ืžืคึปื–ืจ ื•ืžืคึนืจื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืžื™ื" (ืืกืชืจ ื’, ื—) โ€“ ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืื ืฉื™ ื›ื ืกืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืขื ืจื•ื‘ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ื™ื• , ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื ืขืœื• ืžื”ื ืืœื ืžืขื˜ื™ื ืขื ืขื–ืจื.
ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ื”ืœืœื• ืžืงืฉื” ื”ืจ"ืŸ: 5
ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื™ื ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืืœื ืืจื‘ืข ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ืืœืคื™ื™ื ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžืื•ืช ื•ืฉื™ืฉื™ื (ืขื–ืจื ื‘, ืกื“), ื•ืืคืฉืจ ื’ื ื›ืŸ ืฉืœืื—ืจ ืฉืฆื™ื•ื•ื” ื›ื•ืจืฉ ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื–ืจื• ืžื”ืŸ ืœื—ื•"ืœ ื•ื ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืจื•ื‘ื ื•ืขื™ืงืจื ื‘ืืจืฅ โ€“ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžืŸ ืื•ืžืจ "ื™ืฉื ื• ืขื ืื—ื“ ืžืคึปื–ืจ ื•ืžืคึนืจื“". ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื ืจืื”, ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื—ื•ืฆื” ืœืืจืฅ ืžืคื•ื–ืจื™ืŸ ืžื”ื•ื“ื• ื•ืขื“ ื›ื•ืฉ. 6

ืงื•ืฉื™ืช ื”ืจ"ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืžืชื—ื–ืงืช ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื”, ืฉื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืขืฆืžื•, ื‘ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ื• ืœืžื’ื™ืœื” ื™ื ืข"ื‘, ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื™ื ื•ืืช ืžืกืคืจื ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื ืฉืืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ื‘ืœ. ืืœื ืฉืฉื ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ:
ื›ื‘ืจ ืขืœื• ื‘ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื›ื•ืจืฉ ื›ืœ ื”ืงื”ืœ ื›ืื—ื“, ืืจื‘ืข ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื•ื ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื• ื‘ืขืจื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”, ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื ืขืœื• ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืืœื ืžื•ืขื˜ื™ื ืขื ืขื–ืจื ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื“ืจื™ื•ื•ืฉ ื”ืคืจืกื™, ื‘ื ื• ืฉืœ ืื—ืฉื•ื•ืจื•ืฉ ื•ืืกืชืจ... ืื‘ืœ ื ืฉืืจื• ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืจื•ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื‘ืœ .

ื”ืกืชื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ื”ืŸ, ืฉืžื—ื“ ื›ืชื‘ ืฉืื ืฉื™ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืขื ืจื•ื‘ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืืจืฅ, ื•ืžืื™ื“ืš ื ืงื‘ ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืฉืขืœื• ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฆื”ืจืช ื›ื•ืจืฉ ื•ืขื ืขื–ืจื, ื•ืฆื™ื™ืŸ "ืฉื ืฉืืจื• ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืจื•ื‘ื ื‘ื‘ื‘ืœ".
ืื•ืœื ื ืจืื” ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื™ื™ืฉื‘ ืืช ื”ืงืฉื™ื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ, ืœื›ืฉื ื“ืงื“ืง ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•. ื‘ืขืœื™ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืช ื–ืจื•ื‘ื‘ืœ (ืขื–ืจื ื‘, ื‘), ืขืœื• ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืขื•ืœื™ื ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืืจืฆื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืฉื ื™. ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืขืœื™ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืœืขื•ืžืชื”, ื‘ืขืœื™ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืช ืขื–ืจื, ืขืœื” ืžืกืคืจ ื ืžื•ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ืœืคื™ ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื (ืขื–ืจื ื—) ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืืœืฃ ืืจื‘ืข ืžืื•ืช ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ื•ืฉืฉื” ืขื•ืœื™ื, ืื• ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื”: 7 "ื›ืืœืฃ ื•ื—ืžืฉ ืžืื•ืช ืื™ืฉ".
ื›ืฉื›ื•ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ, "ืฉืื ืฉื™ ื›ื ืกืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืขื ืจื•ื‘ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ื™ื•" โ€“ ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ื”ื™ื ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืœื›ืœืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื™ื ืœืืจืฅ. ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื•ื›ืชื‘: "ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื ืขืœื• ืžื”ื ืืœื ืžืขื˜ื™ื ืขื ืขื–ืจื", ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื•: ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ื ืžื•ืš ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืœืžืกืคืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”. ืื›ืŸ, ื‘ืžื” ืฉืงืฉื•ืจ ืœื›ืœืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ โ€“ "ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื”ื (=ื›ื”ื ื™ื, ืœื•ื™ื™ื, ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื’ื ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ืืš ืœื ืื ืฉื™ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื”) ื•ืจื•ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื‘ืœ". ืืžื ื ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืœื•ื™ื™ื ืขืœื” ืขื ื–ืจื•ื‘ื‘ืœ (ืขื–ืจื ื‘, ืกื-ืข), ื•ื—ืœืง ืื—ืจ ืขืœื” ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ: "ื•ื™ืขืœื• ืžื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืžืŸ ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื”ืœื•ื™ื ื•ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจื™ื ื•ื”ืฉื•ืขืจื™ื" (ืขื–ืจื ื–, ื–); ื•ื’ื ื–ืืช ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ืžืืžืฆื™ื ืžืฆื“ ืขื–ืจื ืœืฉื›ื ืข ืœื•ื™ื™ื ืœืขืœื•ืช ืืจืฆื” (ืขื–ืจื ื—, ื˜ื•-ื™ื˜).
ืžื›ืืŸ ืฉื’ื ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืžื•ึผื“ืข ืœื›ืš ืฉื‘ืกืš ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ, ืจื•ื‘ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื™ืžื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื‘ื‘ืœ, ืœืžืขื˜ ืื•ืชื 42,360 ืฉืขืœื• ืขื ื–ืจื•ื‘ื‘ืœ, ื•ืฉืืœื™ื”ื ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื” ื”ืขืœื™ื” ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืช ืขื–ืจื. 8 ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื›ืŸ, ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ-ื™ื—ืกื™ืช, ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ, "ืฉื”ื™ื” ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื ืก ืœืื•ืชืŸ ืฉื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ".
ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ ื‘ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ื• ืœืžื’ื™ืœื” ื‘ ืข"ื, ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืฉื•ื‘:
ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื ืก ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืชื™ืงื ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉื™ืขืฉื• ื›ื“ืจืš ืฉื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื.

ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ื”ื ืก ืขืฆืžื• ื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ืฉื•ืฉืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ื”ื™ื• ืขืœ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื—ื’ ื”ืคื•ืจื™ื ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ื”ืฆื™ืจ ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืคื•ืจื™ื ื ืงื‘ืข ื›ื—ื’ ืฉืœ ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช, ื•ืœื ืจืง ืœืื•ืชืŸ ืžืื” ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืฉื‘ืข ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช, ืฉืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ื ื’ื–ืจื” ื’ื–ื™ืจืช ืื—ืฉื•ื•ืจื•ืฉ ื•ื”ืžืŸ, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื—ืช ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืื” ื”ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืฉื‘ืข ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉืžื”ื•ื“ื• ื•ืขื“ ื›ื•ืฉ ื”ื™ื ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื™ืžื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืœื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ืงื‘ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื ื™ืกื™ื ืฉืงื•ืจื™ื ืœื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ. 9

ืฉื•ืฉืŸ ืื• ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื?
ื”ื”ืชืžื“ื“ื•ืช ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ืžืŸ ื•ืื—ืฉื•ื•ืจื•ืฉ ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืจืง ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืฉืืœื”, ืื ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ืืœื ืฉืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืกืชืชืจื” ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืื—ืฉื•ื•ืจื•ืฉ, ืฉืฉื•ืฉืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื” ืชื—ืœื™ืฃ ืืช ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ืจื” ื›ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืขื•ืœื.
ืฉื•ืฉืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืžืงื•ื ื”ืžืœืš. 10 ืขื™ืจ ื ื•ืกืคืช ื‘ืžืงืจื ืฉื ืงืจืืช ืืฃ ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ืจื”, ื”ื™ื ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. 11 ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืงืจื ืืฃ ืขื™ืจ ื ื•ืกืคืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื” ื‘ื›ื™ื ื•ื™ ื–ื”. ืืœื• ื”ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื”ืขืจื™ื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืžืงืจื, ื•ืฉืชื™ื”ืŸ ืžืชืงื•ืคืช ืฉื‘ื™ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ, ืฉื ืœื•ื•ื” ืœื”ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืืจ "ื‘ื™ืจื”". ื”ืขื™ืจ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื›ื•ืœื” ื ืงืจืืช ื‘ื™ืจื”, ื•ืžืงื•ื ื”ืืจืžื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื•ืฉืŸ ื ืงืจื ื‘ื™ืจื”. ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื‘ื›ื“ ื”ืงืžื—, ืขืจืš ืคื•ืจื™ื, ืขืž' ืฉืœ, ื›ื•ืชื‘:
ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉืชืžืฆื ื‘ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื–ื• "ื‘ืฉื•ืฉืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื”" โ€“ ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืขืœ ืืจืžื•ืŸ ื”ืžืœืš, ืฉืฉื ื›ืกื ืžืœื›ื•ืชื•, ืฉื”ื™ื” ืฉืžื• "ืฉื•ืฉืŸ". ื›ื™ ืœืฉื•ืŸ "ื”ื‘ื™ืจื”" ื”ื•ื ืืจืžื•ืŸ, ื•ื”ืืจืžื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”, ืฉืฉืžื• "ืฉื•ืฉืŸ", ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ืขื™ืœื ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืกืคืจ ื“ื ื™ืืœ (ื—, ื‘): "ื•ืื ื™ ื‘ืฉื•ืฉืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื” ืืฉืจ ื‘ืขื™ืœื ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”". ื•ื›ืฉืชืžืฆื ื‘ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื–ื• "ืฉื•ืฉืŸ" ืกืชื, ืื•: "ื”ืขื™ืจ ืฉื•ืฉืŸ" โ€“ ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืขืœ ืฉื ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืฉืžื” "ืฉื•ืฉืŸ", ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืงืจื•ื‘ื” ืœืขื™ืœื.

ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืžืื‘ืง: ืžื”ื™ ื‘ื™ืจืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืื• ืฉื•ืฉืŸ?
ื‘ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื”ืžืงืจื ื•ื‘ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ื—ื–"ืœ ืžืฆืื ื• ื›ืžื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ื ืœื›ืš ืฉืื—ืฉื•ื•ืจื•ืฉ, ื”ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ืืจืžื•ื ื• ืืฉืจ ื‘ืฉื•ืฉืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื”, ืžืชื™ื™ืžืจ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืืช ืžืงื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”' ืฉื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื:
ื. "ื‘ื”ืจืึนืชื• ืืช ืขึนืฉืจ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืžืœื›ื•ืชื• ื•ืืช ื™ืงืจ ืชืคืืจืช ื’ื“ื•ืœืชื•" (ืืกืชืจ ื, ื“) โ€“ ื“ืจืฉื• ื—ื–"ืœ, ืฉืœื‘ืฉ ืืช ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ (ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื™ื ืข"ื‘). ืชืคืงื™ื“ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ืืœื” ื”ื•ื "ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื•ืœืชืคืืจืช" (ืฉืžื•ืช ื›ื—, ื‘). ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืฉื ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ืžืœืš ืœื‘ื’ื“ื™ ื›ื”ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ: "ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื ื›ื‘ื“ ื•ืžืคื•ืืจ ื‘ืžืœื‘ื•ืฉื™ื ื ื›ื‘ื“ื™ื ื•ืžืคื•ืืจื™ื, ื›ื™ ืืœื” ื”ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ืœื‘ื•ืฉื™ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืŸ, ื‘ื“ืžื•ืชืŸ ื™ืœื‘ืฉื• ื”ืžืœื›ื™ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื”". ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื‘ื’ื“ื™ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ืžื•ืกืจื™ื ื—ื–"ืœ, ืฉืื—ืฉื•ื•ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžืฉืชื” ื‘"ื›ืœื™ื ืžื›ืœื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื" (ืืกืชืจ ื, ื–) โ€“ ืืœื• ื”ื ื›ืœื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ: ืื—ืฉื•ื•ืจื•ืฉ ืžืฆื™ื’ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื›ื›ื”ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืืจืžื•ื ื•-ืฉืœื• ืืฉืจ ื‘ืฉื•ืฉืŸ, ื›ืฉื”"ื›ื”ื ื™ื" ื”ืžืฉืจืชื™ื ืฉื, ื•ื”ื ื”ื ื™ื ืžื”ืžืื›ืœื™ื, ื”ื ืขื‘ื“ื™ื• ื•ืฉืจื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉืœืคื ื™ื•.
ื‘. "ื™ืžื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ืฉืžื•ื ื™ื ื•ืžืืช ื™ื•ื" (ืืกืชืจ ื, ื“) โ€“ ื”ืžืฉืชื” ืœืฉืจื™ื ื•ืœืขื‘ื“ื™ื ืžืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืš ื—ืฆื™ ืฉื ื”. ื”ืจื“"ืœ ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืœืคืจืงื™ ื“ืจ' ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ, ืคืจืง ืžื˜, ื›ื•ืชื‘, ืฉืžืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืžืฉืชื” ื”ื™ื” ืชื—ืช ื›ื™ืคืช ื”ืฉืžื™ื โ€“ ื‘ื’ื™ื ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืชืŸ โ€“ ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืฉื”ื•ื ื ืขืจืš ื‘ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืงื™ืฅ. ืœืคื™ื•, ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื”ืžืฉืชื” ื‘ืจืืฉ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื ื™ืกืŸ, ื•ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ืžืื” ื•ืฉืžื•ื ื™ื ื™ื•ื ืžื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื• ืืœ ื’' ื‘ืชืฉืจื™. ืื• ืื– ืขื•ืฉื” ืื—ืฉื•ื•ืจื•ืฉ ืžืฉืชื” ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื‘ืŸ ืฉื‘ืขืช ื™ืžื™ื, ืœืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ืฉื•ืฉืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ืžืฉืชื” ื–ื” ื ืขืจืš ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืžืคืจื™ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื‘ื™ืชื•, ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื‘ืขืช ื™ืžื™ื, ืœืงืจืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื. ืฉื™ืื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืชื” ืฉืœ ืื—ืฉื•ื•ืจื•ืฉ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™, ืฉื—ืœ ื‘-ื™' ื‘ืชืฉืจื™, ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื. "ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื•ืฉืชื™ ื”ืžืœื›ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžืœืš ื‘ื›ืชืจ ืžืœื›ื•ืช" (ืืกืชืจ ื, ื™ื) โ€“ ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœื›ื ื™ืกื” ืคื ื™ืžื”, ืœืคื ื™ ื•ืœืคื ื™ื, ืœืงื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉื™ื; "ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ื”ืขืžื™ื ื•ื”ืฉืจื™ื ืืช ื™ื•ืคื™ื”" (ืฉื) โ€“ ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœ"ืžื” ื ื”ื“ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืžืจืื” ื›ื”ืŸ... ื›ื–ืจ ื”ื ืชื•ืŸ ืขืœ ืžืฆื— ืžืœืš". 12
ื’. "ื™ื‘ืงืฉื• ืœืžืœืš ื ืขืจื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืœื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžืจืื”" (ืืกืชืจ ื‘, ื‘). ื’ื ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ืฉื•ื™ ื‘ืขืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื›ืคืจ ื‘ืขื“ื• "ื•ื‘ืขื“ ื‘ื™ืชื•", ื•ื‘ื™ืชื• โ€“ ื–ื• ืืฉืชื•. ืœื“ืขืช ืจ' ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”, ื”ื™ื• ืžืชืงื™ื ื™ื ืœื• ื’ื ืืฉื” ืื—ืจืช, ืฉืžื ืชืžื•ืช ืืฉืชื• (ื™ื•ืžื ื‘ ืข"ื). ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืจืฉืื™ ืœืฉืืช ืจืง ื‘ืชื•ืœื”: "ื•ื”ื•ื ืืฉื” ื‘ื‘ืชื•ืœื™ื” ื™ืงื—" (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื›ื, ื™ื’). ื›ืš ื ื”ื’ ื’ื ืื—ืฉื•ื•ืจื•ืฉ: ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ืคืฉ ื ืขืจื” ื‘ืชื•ืœื” ืชื—ืช ื•ืฉืชื™.
ื“. "ื•ื‘ื”ื’ื™ืข ืชึผึนืจ ื ืขืจื” ื•ื ืขืจื” ืœื‘ื•ื ืืœ ื”ืžืœืš ืื—ืฉื•ึตืจื•ืฉ, ืžืงืฅ ื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื” ื›ื“ืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื™ื ืขืฉืจ ื—ึนื“ืฉ" (ืืกืชืจ ื‘, ื™ื‘) โ€“ ื”ื›ื ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืงื“ืงื•ืช, ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื” ืฉืœื™ืžื”, ืœืงืจืืช ื”ื›ื ื™ืกื” ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื•ืœืคื ื™ื, ืืœ ื”ืžืœืš, ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื”ื›ื ื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืงืจืืช ื”ื›ื ื™ืกื” ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืืœ ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื, ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ื” ืžื”ืคืขื ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช. ื™ื•ื ื›ื™ืคื•ืจ ื—ืœ ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจ ืœื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™; ื›ื ื™ืกืชื” ืฉืœ ืืกืชืจ, ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื›ื ื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื”, ื—ืœ ื‘ืชืืจื™ืš ื”ืคื•ืš ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื•ื‘ื—ื“ืฉื™ื: ื‘ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื™ ื‘ืฉื ืช ืฉื‘ืข ืœืžืœื›ื•ืช ืื—ืฉื•ื•ืจื•ืฉ (ืืกืชืจ ื‘, ื˜ื–).
ื”. "ื›ึนืจืขื™ื ื•ืžืฉืชื—ื•ื™ื ืœื”ืžืŸ, ื›ื™ ื›ืŸ ืฆึดื•ื” ืœื• ื”ืžืœืš" (ืืกืชืจ ื’, ื‘) โ€“ ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœื›ืจื™ืขื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืฉืชื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื™ื•ื ื›ื™ืคื•ืจ.
ื•. "ื”ืคื™ืœ ืคื•ืจ, ื”ื•ื ื”ื’ื•ืจืœ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžืŸ" (ืืกืชืจ ื’, ื–) โ€“ ื›ืื•ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืจืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืฉืขื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื›ื™ืคื•ืจ. ืืœื ืฉื‘ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ื’ื•ืจืœ ื”ื•ื "ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžืŸ", ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื ื›ื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื•ื "ืœืคื ื™ ื”' " (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื˜ื–, ื–). ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืคืœืช ื”ื’ื•ืจืœ, ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืื—ืฉื•ื•ืจื•ืฉ ื•ื”ืžืŸ ืœืฉืชื•ืช, ื•ืื™ืœื• ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื•ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืฆื•ื, ื‘ื›ื™, ืžืกืคื“ ื•ืœื‘ื™ืฉืช ืฉืง ื•ืืคืจ (ืืกืชืจ ื“, ื’), ื›ืจืื•ื™ ืœื™ื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ืขื•ืจื›ื™ื ื’ื•ืจืœื•ืช, ืžื™ ืœื”' ื•ืžื™ ืœืขื–ืื–ืœ.
ื–. "ื›ืœ ืื™ืฉ ื•ืืฉื” ืืฉืจ ื™ื‘ื•ื ืืœ ื”ืžืœืš ืืœ ื”ื—ืฆืจ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืืฉืจ ืœื ื™ึดืงึผึธืจื ืื—ืช ื“ืชื• ืœื”ืžื™ืช" (ืืกืชืจ ื“, ื™ื) โ€“ ืื—ืฉื•ื•ืจื•ืฉ ืงื•ื‘ืข ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื”ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ: ืื™ืŸ ืœื‘ื•ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช ืืœ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ; ื”ื‘ื ื‘ืœื™ ืจืฉื•ืช โ€“ ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ืžืœื›ื” โ€“ ืื—ืช ื“ืชื•. ืจืง ืžืฉื ืชื ื” ืจืฉื•ืช ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืคื ื™ ื•ืœืคื ื™ื, ืืœ "ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืœืš ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช" (ืืกืชืจ ื”, ื). ื›ืš ื”ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืชื™ืงื•ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ, ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื›ื, ื”ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ืžืงื•ืจ ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืืช ืคื•ืจื™ื ืœื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื:
"ื•ืชืœื‘ืฉ ืืกืชืจ ืžืœื›ื•ืช" (ืืกืชืจ ื”, ื) โ€“ ื•ื‘ื”ื•ืŸ ืขืืœืช ืœืคื ื™ ื•ืœืคื ื™ื. ื”ื“ื ื”ื•ื ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘: "ื•ืชืขืžึนื“ ื‘ื—ืฆืจ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืœืš ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช" (ืฉื), ื•ื‘ื”ื•ืŸ ื ืฉืื” ื—ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•. ื•ืจื–ื ื“ืžืœื” "ื•ืจืื™ืชื™ื” ืœื–ื›ึผึนืจ ื‘ืจื™ืช ืขื•ืœื" (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื˜, ื˜ื–). ื•ืžื™ื“ "ื”' ืกืœื—ื”, ื”' ื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ื”, ื•ืขืฉื” ืืœ ืชืื—ืจ" (ื“ื ื™ืืœ ื˜, ื™ื˜). ืคื•ืจื™ื ืืชืงืจื™ืืช ืขืœ ืฉื ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื, ื“ืขืชื™ื“ื™ืŸ ืœื”ืชืขื ื’ ื‘ื™ื” ื•ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื ืœื™ื” ืžืขื ื•ื™ ืœืขื•ื ื’.

ื—. "ื•ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื™ืฆื ืžืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžืœืš ื‘ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ืžืœื›ื•ืช... ืฉืžื—ื” ื•ืฉืฉื•ืŸ ืœื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืžืฉืชื” ื•ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘" (ืืกืชืจ ื—, ื˜ื•-ื˜ื–). ื’ื ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื–ื›ื” ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžืœืš, ื•ืžืฉื™ืฆื ืžืฉื, ื ื”ื’ ื›ื›ื”ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ: "ื•ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ืฉื” ืœืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื• ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื™ืฆื ื‘ืฉืœื•ื ืžืŸ ื”ืงื“ืฉ" (ื™ื•ืžื ืข ืข"ื). 13
ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื”ืจ"ืœ ื‘ืื•ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ, ืขืž' ืคื—:
ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœืžืฉื›ืŸ, ืฉื”ื•ื ื“ื™ืจืชื• ื™ืชื‘ืจืš, ืื“ื ื™ื ื•ืขืžื•ื“ื™ื ื•ืงืœืขื™ื โ€“ ื›ืš ืขืฉื” ืื—ืฉื•ื•ืจื•ืฉ. ื•ื”ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืœื›ื•ืชื ื“ืืจืขื ื›ืขื™ืŸ ืžืœื›ื•ืชื ื“ืจืงื™ืข (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื ื— ืข"ื). ื•ืชืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืขืฉื” ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ ืฉืฉื ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื”. ื•ื–ื” ื›ื™ ืขืฉื” ื—ืฆืจ, ื•ื’ื ื’ื™ื ื”, ื•ื’ื ื‘ื™ืชืŸ, ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืฉื›ืŸ ื—ืฆืจ ืื•ื”ืœ ืžื•ืขื“ ื•ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืงื•ื“ืฉื™ื. ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื™ื” ืฉื ืื“ื ื™ื ื•ืขืžื•ื“ื™ื ื•ืคืจื•ืกื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื ืงืœืขื™ื, ื›ืš ื”ื™ื” ื”ื•ื ืชื•ืœื” ืงืœืขื™ื ืขืœ ื’ืœื™ืœื™ ื›ืกืฃ ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืขืœ ืขืžื•ื“ื™ ืฉืฉ, ื”ื ื›ืžื• ื”ืื“ื ื™ื ืœืขืžื•ื“ื™ื.

ื•ืขื•ื“ ืฉื, ืขืž' ืฆื“:
"ืืžืจ ืœืžื”ื•ืžืŸ, ื‘ื–ืชื, ื—ืจื‘ื•ื ื" (ืืกืชืจ ื, ื™) โ€“ ื”ื ื” ืชืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืื—ืฉื•ื•ืจื•ืฉ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืœื›ื•ืชื ื“ืืจืขื ื›ืžืœื›ื•ืชื ื“ืจืงื™ืขื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืฉื‘ืขื” ืžืฉืจืชื™ื, ื›ืžื• ืžืœืžืขืœื”.

ืขืจื™ื ืžื•ืงืคื•ืช ื—ื•ืžื”, ื•ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ืžืจื›ื–
ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืฉื”ืชืจื—ืฉื• ื‘ืฉื•ืฉืŸ ื•ื”ื›ืฉืœืช ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ ืื•ืชื” ื›ื‘ื™ืจืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ื•ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ ืืช ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืืช ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ืขืฉื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ?
ื”ืขืžื“ืช ืžืงื•ื ื›ืžืจื›ื– ืืคืฉืจื™ืช ืจืง ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื• ื”ื™ืงืฃ . ื›ืš ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ: ืžื—ื ื” ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื”ื•ืงืฃ ื‘ืžื—ื ื” ืœื•ื™ื” ื•ื‘ืžื—ื ื” ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื›ืš ื”ื™ื” ื’ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ: ืžืคืชื— ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ืขื“ ื”ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืช โ€“ ื–ื”ื• ืžื—ื ื” ื™ืฉืจืืœ; ืžืคืชื— ื”ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืขื“ ืคืชื— ื”ืขื–ืจื” โ€“ ื”ื•ื ืžื—ื ื” ืœื•ื™ื”; ื•ืžืคืชื— ื”ืขื–ืจื” ื•ืœืคื ื™ื โ€“ ื”ื•ื ืžื—ื ื” ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื”. 14
ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื• ืžืขื’ืœื™ื ื”ื™ืงืคื™ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ: ืœื ืจืง ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืขื™ืจ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ืืœื "ืขืฉืจ ืงื“ื•ืฉื•ืช ื”ืŸ, ื–ื• ืœืžืขืœื” ืžื–ื•" (ืžืฉื ื” ื›ืœื™ื ื, ื). ืžืขื’ืœ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื™, ื”ื•ื ื”ืขื™ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืงืคื•ืช ื—ื•ืžื”, ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืขืฆืžื” โ€“ ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืืฃ ื”ื™ื ืขื™ืจ ืžื•ืงืคืช ื—ื•ืžื” โ€“ ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืงื•ื“ืฉืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื—ื‘ืจื•ืชื™ื”. ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ืžืงื•ื“ืฉ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ืช ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืงื“ืฉื™ื, ื•ืžืขืœืชื• ื”ื•ื ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืื™ืŸ ื ื›ื ืก ืœืฉื ืืœื ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื›ื™ืคื•ืจ. 15 ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ืžืขื’ืœื™ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืขืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ืงืคื•ืช ื—ื•ืžื” ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉ ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื›ื‘ืฉ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ: ื‘"ื‘ื™ืืชื ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืžื ื• ืฉืžื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ื•ื™ื•ื‘ืœื•ืช ื•ืงื™ื“ืฉื• ืขืจื™ ื—ื•ืžื”" (ืขืจื›ื™ืŸ ืœื‘ ืข"ื‘). ืืžื ื ืขื‘ืจื• ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื ืขื“ ืืฉืจ ื ืชื’ืœืชื” ืงื“ื•ืฉืชื” ืฉืœ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ื ื‘ื ื” ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ืข"ื™ ืฉืœืžื”, ืืš ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื ื•ืฆืจื” ื”ื”ื›ื ื” ื•ื ื•ืกื“ื” ื”ืชืฉืชื™ืช ืœืžืขื’ืœื™ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื”: ืžื”ืžืขื’ืœ ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ื•ื›ืœืคื™ ืคื ื™ื, ืขื“ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ.

ื–ื›ืจ ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื–ื›ืจ ืœืžืงื“ืฉ
ื›ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ, ืฆื™ื˜ื˜ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™, ืฉื”ืงื‘ื™ืขื” ืœืงืจื•ื ืืช ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื‘ืขืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ืงืคื•ืช ื—ื•ืžื” ื‘-ื˜"ื• ื‘ืื“ืจ ื ื•ืขื“ื” ื›ื“ื™ "ืœื—ืœื•ืง ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ"; ืืš ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืžืฉืคื˜ ืขืœ ื ื™ืžื•ืง ื–ื”: ืฉ"ื™ื”ื™ื” ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื ืก ื–ื”". ืžื”ื• ื”ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืœืืจืฅ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืœืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ื”?
ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืงืืจื•, ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ, ืื•"ื—, ืกื™ืžืŸ ืชืจืคื—, ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื–ืืช ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ืœืœื•:
ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื˜ืขืžื, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืžืฆื•ื” ื–ื• ื”ื•ืงื‘ืขื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื—ื•ืจื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืจืื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื•ืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ื›ืจ ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื ืก ื–ื”, ื•ื›ื“ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ื‘ืคืจืง ื‘ืชืจื ื“ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” (ืœ ืข"ื), ื“ืื™ืช ืœืŸ ืœืžื™ืขื‘ื“ ื–ื›ืจ ืœืžืงื“ืฉ . ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืชื™ืงื ื• ืฉืžื•ืงืคื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืžื” ืžื™ืžื•ืช ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื™ืงืจืื• ื‘-ื˜"ื•, ื•ืฉืืจ ื”ืขื™ื™ืจื•ืช ื™ืงืจืื• ื‘-ื™"ื“. ื•ืื™ืœื• ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžื—ืœืงื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื, ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื–ื›ืจ ื‘ื ืก ื–ื”. ื•ื™ืฉ ืงืฆืช ืกืขื“ ืœื–ื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืžื’ื™ืœื”.

ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช: ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉื ื—ืœืง ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืื™ื–ื›ื•ืจ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื‘ืื•ืชื” ื”ืขืช ื”ื™ืชื” ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื—ื•ืจื‘ื ื”. ืœื›ืŸ ืชื™ืงื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ื›ืจ ืœืืจืฅ, ื›ืฉื ืฉืชื™ืงื ื• ืชืงื ื•ืช ื›ื–ื›ืจ ืœืžืงื“ืฉ. 16
ืžื”ื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ? ื•ืžื”ื™ ื”ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœื”ื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื’ื• ื›ื–ื›ืจ ืœืžืงื“ืฉ, ืื•ืชื” ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืงืืจื•?
ื‘ืขืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ืงืคื•ืช ื—ื•ืžื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ืฉื ื ื“ื™ื ื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื, ืฉื‘ื˜ืœื• ืขื ื’ืœื•ืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื”ืืจืฅ ื•ืขื ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ. ื›ืš ื ืืžืจ ื‘ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ื›ืœื™ื (ื, ื•-ื–):
ืขืฉืจ ืงื“ื•ืฉื•ืช ื”ืŸ: ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืงื•ื“ืฉืช ืžื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฆื•ืช; ื•ืžื” ื”ื™ื ืงื“ื•ืฉืชื”? ืฉืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืžืžื ื” ื”ืขื•ืžืจ, ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืจื™ื ื•ืฉืชื™ ื”ืœื—ื, ืžื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ื›ืŸ ืžื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฆื•ืช.
ืขื™ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืงืคื•ืช ื—ื•ืžื” ืžืงื•ื“ืฉื•ืช ืžืžื ื”, ืฉืžืฉืœื—ื™ื ืžืชื•ื›ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ืจืขื™ื ื•ืžืกื‘ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ ืžืช ืขื“ ืฉื™ืจืฆื•. ื™ืฆื โ€“ ืื™ืŸ ืžื—ื–ื™ืจื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื•. 17

ื“ื™ื ื™ ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ืžืฆื•ืจืข ื•ืื™-ื”ื—ื–ืจืช ืžืช ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ืžื•ืงืคืช ื—ื•ืžื” ื‘ื˜ืœื•, ื•ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืกืคืชื ื‘ืขืจื›ื™ืŸ (ื”, ื˜ื–): "ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื’ืœื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื‘ื‘ืœ, ื‘ื˜ืœื” ืžื”ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืขืจื™ ื—ื•ืžื”". ืชืงื ืช ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ื˜"ื• ื‘ืื“ืจ ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืขืจื™ื ืืœื• ืžืขืžื“ ืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืจื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ.
ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื”ืชืงื ื” ืœืงืจื•ื ืืช ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื‘-ื˜"ื• ื‘ืื“ืจ ื‘ืขืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ืงืคื•ืช ื—ื•ืžื”, ื‘ื™ื•ื ืื—ืจ ืžืฉืืจ ืขืจื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืคืจื•ื–ื•ืช, ื ืชืงื ื” ืขื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื—ื–ืจ ืžืขืžื“ืŸ ืฉืœ ืขืจื™ื ืืœื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ื‘ืจืืฉื•ื ื”. ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืžื’ื™ืœืช ืืกืชืจ ื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฆื”ืจืช ื›ื•ืจืฉ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ื™ืช ืขื–ืจื. ื”ืขื•ืœื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœืืจืฅ ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, ืืš ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ืคืจื™ืขื• ืœื”ื, ื•ื›ืชื‘ื• ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื˜ื ื” ืœืื—ืฉื•ื•ืจื•ืฉ ืขืœ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื (ืขื–ืจื ื“, ื•-ื›ื’). ืขืงื‘ ื›ืš ื”ื•ืคืกืงื” ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื”, ืขื“ ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ืœื“ืจื™ื•ื•ืฉ (ืฉื ื›ื“). ื‘ืžืฉืš ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื, ืขื“ ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™ืช ืœื“ืจื™ื•ื•ืฉ, ื ื‘ื ื” ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ (ืขื–ืจื ื•, ื˜ื•). ืขื–ืจื ืขืœื” ืœืืจืฅ ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ื‘ืฉื ืช ืฉื‘ืข ืœืืจืชื—ืฉืกืชื ื”ืžืœืš (ืขื–ืจื ื–, ื–-ื—). ืจืฉ"ื™ ื•ืื‘ืŸ ืขื–ืจื ืœืขื–ืจื ื–, ื, ืžืคืจืฉื™ื ืฉืืจืชื—ืฉืกืชื ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื“ืจื™ื•ื•ืฉ. ืžื›ืืŸ ืฉืขื‘ืจื• ืฉื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื ืžืื– ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื•ืช ื ืก ืคื•ืจื™ื ืขื“ ืขืœื™ื™ืช ืขื–ืจื. ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื”ื ื™ื—, ืฉื”ืชืงื ื” ืœืงืจื•ื ืืช ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื‘ืขืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ืงืคื•ืช ื—ื•ืžื” ื ืชืงื ื” ื‘ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ื”ื—ื™ื™ืชื” ืชืงื ื” ื–ื• ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ืžืขืžื“ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืขืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ืงืคื•ืช ื—ื•ืžื”.
ื›ืฉืขืœื” ืขื–ืจื ืœืืจืฅ, ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืœืขืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืืช ืžืขืžื“ืŸ ื”ืงื•ื“ื. ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ื˜ื” ื•ื™ื•ื‘ืœ ื™ื‘, ื˜ื•, ื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืฉืจืง ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืขื–ืจื ื—ื–ืจื• ื”ืขืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืœืžืขืžื“ื ื”ืงื•ื“ื:
ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื’ืœื• ื‘ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ื˜ืœื” ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืขืจื™ ื—ื•ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข. ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืขืœื” ืขื–ืจื 18 ื‘ื‘ื™ืื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ื ืชืงื“ืฉื• ื›ืœ ื”ืขืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ืงืคื•ืช ื—ื•ืžื” ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ืขืช. 19

ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืœื”ืฉืขืจืชื ื•, ืฉื”ืชืงื ื” ืœืงืจื•ื ืืช ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื‘-ื˜"ื• ื‘ืื“ืจ ื‘ืขืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ืงืคื•ืช ื—ื•ืžื”, ื ืชืงื ื” ืขื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืขืœื™ื™ืช ืขื–ืจื, ื™ืฉื ื• ืจืžื– ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืชื ืœืขืจื›ื™ืŸ (ื”, ื˜ื–):
ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื’ืœื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื‘ื‘ืœ, ื‘ื˜ืœื” ืžื”ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืขืจื™ ื—ื•ืžื”. ื•ื›ืฉืขืœื• ืžืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืœื”, ืžืฆื ืืœื• ืฉืžื•ืงืคื•ืช ื—ื•ืžื” ืžื™ืžื•ืช ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ื ื•ืŸ ื•ืงื™ื“ืฉื•ื. ื•ืœื ืืœื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืืœื ื›ืœ ืฉืชื‘ื™ื ืœืš ื‘ืžืกื•ืจืช ืฉืžื•ืงืคื•ืช ื—ื•ืžื” ืžื™ืžื•ืช ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ื ื•ืŸ โ€“ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ื”ื–ืืช ื ื•ื”ื’ืช ื‘ื”, ื•ืฉืงื™ื“ืฉื•ื ืžื›ืืŸ ื•ืื™ืœืš ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ื”ื–ืืช ื ื•ื”ื’ืช ื‘ื”. 20

ืžื”ื™ ื”ื”ื“ื’ืฉื” ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืชื•ืกืคืชื "ืžืฆื ืืœื•"? ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื ืžืฆืื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ. ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ื ื” ืจืง ืœืกืคืจ ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืขื–ืจื ืžืฆื ืืช ืขืจื™ ื”ื—ื•ืžื” ืžื™ืžื•ืช ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ื ื•ืŸ, ืืœื ื”ื›ื•ื ื” ืœื›ืš ืฉืžืขืžื“ื ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืขืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ืงืคื•ืช ื—ื•ืžื”, ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื˜ืจื ืขืœื” ืขื–ืจื, ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืœื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืข"ื™ ืชืงื ืช ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื‘-ื˜"ื• ื‘ืื“ืจ, ื‘ืฉื•ื ื” ืžื›ืœ ืขืจื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืคืจื•ื–ื•ืช. ืขื–ืจื ื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืœื”ื—ื™ืœ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ื”ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื‘ืขืจื™ ื—ื•ืžื”.
ืืžื ื ื’ื ืื ื ืคืจืฉ ืฉืชืงื ืช ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื‘ืขืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ืงืคื•ืช ื—ื•ืžื” ื ืชืงื ื” ืจืง ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื—ื•ื“ืฉื• ืฉืืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื”ื’ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ, ื”ืจื™ ืฉืขื“ื™ืคื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืชืงื ื” ื–ื• ื™ื‘ื•ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื™ืฉื•ื‘ื• ื“ื™ื ื™ ืขืจื™ ื—ื•ืžื” ื•ื™ื™ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•, ืขื ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืฉื ื™. ื’ื ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™, ื™ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืœืงืจื•ื ืืช ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ืžื•ืงืคืช ื—ื•ืžื” ื‘-ื˜"ื• ื‘ืื“ืจ, ื•ื–ืืช ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืขื•ืจืจ ื•ืœืฉืžืจ ืืช ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ืขืจื™ื ืืœื•. ื›ืš ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืื™"ื” ืงื•ืง:
ื•ื–ื”ื• ืœื—ืœื•ืง ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™, ื“ื‘ืืžืช ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืฉื•ื ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืงืคื™ื ืœืฉืื™ื ื ืžื•ืงืคื™ื, ืืœื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ, ื•ืจืื•ื™ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ื“ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื”ืžื™ื“ื” ืฉื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ื™ืžืฆื ื–ื” ื”ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื‘ืืฉืจ ืกื•ืฃ ืขื ื”' ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงื‘ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื›ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ื”ืฉื™"ืช ื”ื ืืžื ื”: "ื•ื ื˜ืขืชื™ื ืžืขืœ ืื“ืžืชื ื•ืœื ื™ื ึผึธืชืฉื• ืขื•ื“ ืžืขืœ ืื“ืžืชื" (ืขืžื•ืก ื˜, ื˜ื•). 21

ื”ื”ืกืชื›ืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“, ืœืขืช ื‘ื” ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื‘ื™ืชื• ื•ืœืืจืฆื•, ื•ืื– ื ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ื ืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื›ืจืื•ื™ ื•ื‘ืฉืœืžื•ืช. 22 ื•ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื, ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ื˜ื” ื•ื™ื•ื‘ืœ ื™ื‘, ื˜ื–:
ื•ื›ืŸ ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื•ื, ื‘ื‘ื™ืื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช, ื‘ืขืช ืฉื™ื™ื›ื ืกื• ืœืืจืฅ, ื™ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœืžื ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ื•ื™ื•ื‘ืœื•ืช ื•ื™ื™ืงื“ืฉื• ื‘ืชื™ ืขืจื™ ื—ื•ืžื”, ื•ื™ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉื™ื›ื‘ืฉื•ื”ื• ื‘ืžืขืฉืจื•ืช, ืฉื ืืžืจ: "ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืืš ื”' ืืœืงื™ืš ืืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ืืฉืจ ื™ืจืฉื• ืื‘ึนืชื™ืš ื•ื™ืจืฉืชื”ึผ" (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœ, ื”) โ€“ ืžืงื™ืฉ ื™ืจื•ืฉืชืš ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืช ืื‘ื•ืชื™ืš: ืžื” ื™ืจื•ืฉืช ืื‘ื•ืชื™ืš ืืชื” ื ื•ื”ื’ [ื‘ื”] ื‘ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื•, ืืฃ ื™ืจื•ืฉืชืš ืืชื” ื ื•ื”ื’ ื‘ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื•.

ืชืงื ืช ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื‘-ื˜"ื• ื‘ืื“ืจ ื’ื ืœืื—ืจ ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ ืžืขื•ืจืจืช ืืช ื–ื›ืจื” ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืžืชื•ืš ืžื•ื“ืขื•ึผืช ืœื›ืš ืฉืœืขืจื™ื ืืœื• ื™ืฉื ื• ืžืขืžื“ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“. ื•ืœื›ืฉื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืืจืฅ, ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื• ื’ื ื“ื™ื ื™ื ืืœื• ืœืžืงื•ืžื. ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืงืืจื• (ืฉื”ื•ื‘ืื• ืœืขื™ืœ) ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืืช ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉื—ืœืงื• ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ืฉื ื• ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืžืขืฉื™, ื•ื”ื•ื: ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืืช ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ; ื•ื–ืืช ืข"ื™ ืชืงื ืช ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื‘-ื˜"ื•. ื‘ื›ืš ืื ื• ืžื—ื–ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืขื˜ โ€“ ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื•ื ื” โ€“ ืืช ืžืขืžื“ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืขืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ืงืคื•ืช ื—ื•ืžื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื›ืœ ื–ืืช, ืขื“ ืœื™ืžื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ื ื ื”ื’ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืžืœื ืืช ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืœืขืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื•.
ื”ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื™ื ื›ืจื›ื™ื ื•ืžื•ืงืคื™ื ืžื™ืžื•ืช ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ื ื•ืŸ, ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ืขื‘ื“ื™ ืื—ืฉื•ื•ืจื•ืฉ. 23

ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื ืฉืžื–ื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ืžืขืžื“ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืขืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื ื–ื›ื•ืจ ื•ื ืขื•ืจืจ ืืช ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœืฉื•ื‘ ืœืืจืฅ ื•ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื ื”ื’ื• ื‘ืฉืœืžื•ืช. ืื ื ื–ื›ื•ืจ โ€“ ืœื ื ื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื“ื™ื, ื•ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉื•ื‘ ืœืžืงื•ืžื ื• ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืœืขืจื™ื”, ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ืœืžืงื“ืฉ ืฉื‘ืžืจื›ื–ื”.
ื™ื’ื“ืœ ื‘ื ื• ื”ื—ืฉืง ืœืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ื‘ึดื™ืงืจ ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ื—ืœืง ืฉืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื–ื›ืจ ืœื“ื‘ืจ, ื–ื›ืจ ืงื•ื“ืฉ , ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืœื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœืžื™ื ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืื• ืœื ื• ื‘ื‘ื•ื ืชืฉื•ืขื” ืฉืœื™ืžื” ืœืขืžื ื• ืขืœ ืื“ืžืชื ื• ืœืชืฉื•ืขืช ืขื•ืœืžื™ื; ื•ืืฉืจ ื‘ืงื™ื™ืžื ื• ืื•ืชืŸ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื ื ื• ืžืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื ืฉืžืช ืื•ืžืชื ื• ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืืฉ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืืฉืจ ืชื”ื™ื” ืœืฉืœื”ื‘ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืžืœืืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืœืขืช ื—ื™ื”. 24




ืžืชื•ืš:
ืžื•ืขื“ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ื™ืฉืจืืœ
ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื”ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืชื•ืจื ื™ ืื•ืจ ืขืฆื™ื•ืŸ, ืžืจื›ื– ืฉืคื™ืจื, ืชืฉืก"ื“,

ืขืž' 322-309


^ 1. ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ื‘ื‘ืœื™ ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื‘ ืข"ื‘ ืœื ื ื–ื›ืจ ื˜ืขื ื–ื”. ื”ื’ืžืจื ืฉื ืžื‘ืจืจืช ืžื”ื• ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ืœื”ื‘ื—ื ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืงืคื™ื ืœืคืจื–ื™ื, ืืš ื”ื™ื ืื™ื ื ื” ืฉื•ืืœืช ืžื”ื• ื”ื˜ืขื ืœื›ืš. ืื ื• ืœื ื ืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ื‘ื‘ืœื™, ืืœื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ื ืขื™ืจ ืขื•ื“, ืฉื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื“ื•ืžื”: "ื—ืœืงื• ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื" โ€“ ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ืœื‘ื ื™ ื”ืžืขืžื“ ืžื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืคืกื—ื™ื ื“, ื; ืชืขื ื™ืช ื“, ื‘), ื•ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื•ืช ืžืœื›ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื“ื•ื“ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื, ื). ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื”ื‘ื‘ืœื™ ืœื ื ื–ื›ืจื• ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื ืืžืจ ืฉื—ืœืงื• ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืœืžืงื•ืžื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื; ืื ื›ื™ ื ื–ื›ืจื™ื ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื ืืžืจ ืฉื—ืœืงื• ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืœืื™ืฉื™ื: ืœื–ืงื ื™ื, ืœื—ื›ืžื™ื, ืœื ืฉื™ืื™ื, ืœื“ื™ื™ื ื™ื, ืœืžืœื›ื™ื, ืœื›ื”ื ื™ื, ืœืœื•ื™ื™ื, ืœื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช, ืœื ืฉื™ื ื•ืœื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœืœื.
^ 2. ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื™ื ืข"ื‘.
^ 3. ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื™ื‘ ืข"ื.
^ 4. ื™ืœืงื•ื˜ ืฉืžืขื•ื ื™ ืœืืกืชืจ, ืจืžื– ืชืชืจืžื• ื•-ืชืชืจืžื—.
^ 5. ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื‘ ืข"ื ื‘ื“ืคื™ ื”ืจื™"ืฃ.
^ 6. ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ืฆืžื—, ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ื”ืชืฉื‘"ืฅ, ื’, ืกื™ืžืŸ ืจืฆื–, ืžืฆื˜ื˜ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ื”ืœืœื• ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืื—ืจืช: "ื•ื“ืื™ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืขืจื™ื”ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ". ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื ื• ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื‘ืฉื ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืฉืจื•ื‘ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืืจืฅ: ื”ืžื™ืœื” "ืจื•ื‘" ืœื ื ื–ื›ืจืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•. ื›ืš ื’ื ืขื•ืœื” ืžื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”: "ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ื–"ืœ, ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื• ื—ื•ืฆื” ืœืืจืฅ, ืž"ืž ื–ื›ืจ ื”ื ืก ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืื•ืชื ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืฉื ื”ื™ื• ื”ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ, ืื• ืžืคื ื™ ืžืขืœืช ื"ื™, ืฉืœื ื—ืจื‘ื• ื”ืขืจื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื”ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ื” ื ืขืฉื” ื–ื›ืจ ื”ื ืก ืฉื‘ื—ื•ืฆื” ืœืืจืฅ. ืื™ืŸ ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคืจื–ื™ื ืœืžื•ืงืคื™ื, ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืžื” ืžืขืœื” ื•ืœื ืžื•ืจื“ืช ืœื”ื. ืืœื ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื–ื›ืจ ืžืคื ื™ ื"ื™ ื”ื™ื”".
^ 7. ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืžื•ืกื“ ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง, ืขืž' ืจืขื“.
^ 8. ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื”, ืขืž' ืจืขื-ืจืขื’, ื“ืŸ ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ื‘ืฉืืœื”: ืžืืœื• ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืขืœื™ื”?
^ 9. ืจืื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื ื” ืœื‘ืจื›ื•ืช, ื— ืข"ื ื‘ื“ืคื™ ื”ืจื™"ืฃ.
^ 10. ืขืฉืจ ืคืขืžื™ื ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ "ืฉื•ืฉืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื”" ื‘ืžื’ื™ืœืช ืืกืชืจ, ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื“ื ื™ืืœ ื—, ื‘ ื•ื‘ื ื—ืžื™ื” ื, ื.
^ 11. ื ื—ืžื™ื” ื‘, ื—; ืฉื ื–, ื‘; ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื, ื›ื˜, ื™ื˜.
^ 12. ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื“ื•ื™ื™ืง ืฉืœ ืœื•ื— ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื โ€“ ื‘ืกืคืจื• ืฉืœ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืฉื•ืœืžืŸ, ื”ื’ื“ืช ืืกืชืจ โ€“ ื’ืœื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืœ ื•ืฉื™ื‘ืช ืฆื™ื•ืŸ, ืขืž' 98.
^ 13. ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื”ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื ื™ืฆื‘ืช ื›ืชืžื•ื ืช-ืจืื™ ืœื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื, ื”ืขื™ืจื• ื‘ืงืฆืจื” ื’ื ื‘ืกืคืจ "ื”ื“ืกื” ื”ื™ื ืืกืชืจ" (ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืชื‘ื•ื ื•ืช, ืžื›ืœืœืช ื”ืจืฆื•ื’ ืฉืœื™ื“ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื”ืจ ืขืฆื™ื•ืŸ), ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ ื’ืจื•ืกืžืŸ, ื‘ืขืž' 86, ื•ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืืœ ื‘ืŸ ื ื•ืŸ, ื‘ืขืž' 53, ื”ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื’ื ืฉืžืœื›ื™ ืคืจืก ื ื”ื’ื• ืœื›ื ื•ืช ืขืฆืžื ื‘ืชื•ืืจ "ืžืœืš ื”ืžืœื›ื™ื", ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ื›ืชื‘ื™ ื”ืจื•ื“ื•ื˜ื•ืก.
^ 14. ืขืœ-ืคื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื–, ื™ื.
^ 15. ืขืœ-ืคื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉื ื™ื’-ื›ื‘.
^ 16. ื”ื˜"ื– ื‘ืฉื•"ืข, ืื•"ื—, ืกื™ืžืŸ ืชืจืคื—, ืก"ืง ื, ื—ืœืง ืขืœ ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ื–ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ. ื’ื ื”ื—ื™ื“"ื ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ, ืฉื, ื›ืชื‘: "ื•ื”ืจื•ืื” ื™ืจืื” ื“ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื“ื—ื•ืง ืœืฉื™ื˜ืชื•".
^ 17 ืจืื” ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื–, ื™ื’.
^ 18. ื‘ืกืคืจื ื•: ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืขืž' 389, ื”ืจืื ื• ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืื• ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœื›ืœ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืฉื ื™, ื’ื ืœืื—ืจ ื™ืžื•ืช ืขื–ืจื, ื”ื•ื ื›ื•ืชื‘: "ื‘ื™ืช ืฉื ื™"; ื•ืื™ืœื• ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืขื–ืจื ื”ืื™ืฉ ืื• ืœืชืงื•ืคืชื•, ื”ื•ื ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืฉืžื•.
^ 19. ืžืคืจืฉื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื™ื, ืฉื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ ื ืชืงื“ืฉื• ืขืจื™ื ืืœื• ืจืง ืžื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ, ื•ืจืง ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ืžื—ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฆื•ืจืข, ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืขืจื™ ื—ื•ืžื” ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ื‘ืœ, ื•ื”ื•ื ืœื ื ื”ื’ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ (ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ื˜ื” ื•ื™ื•ื‘ืœ ื™, ื˜). ืจืื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจื‘ ืื™ืกืจ ื–ืœืžืŸ ืžืœืฆืจ, ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืื–ืœ, ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื•, ื˜ื–, ืก"ืง ื‘, ื“"ื” ืืœื.
^ 20. ืจืื” ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื ื‘ืกื“ืจ ืขื•ืœื, ืคืจืง ืœ. ื”ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื ืžื•ื‘ืืช ื‘ื’ืžืจื ืขืจื›ื™ืŸ ืœื‘ ืข"ื‘; ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ื˜ื” ื•ื™ื•ื‘ืœ ื™ื‘, ื˜ื•.
^ 21. ื”ืจืื™"ื” ืงื•ืง, ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืจืื™"ื”, ืกื™ืžืŸ ืชืจืคื—, ืื•ืช ื.
^ 22. ื”ื‘ื ืชื ื• ื”ื™ื, ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื” ืงื•ืง ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืงืืจื•, ื•ืœื ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื”ื ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ืื—ืจืช. ื–ืืช ื‘ืฉื•ื ื” ืžื”ืขืจืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžื”ื“ื™ืจ, ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืชืื ื” ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื, ืœื˜ื•ื‘ ืจื•ืื™, ืžื’ื™ืœื”, ืขืž' ืงืœื•, ื”ืขืจื” 22, ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง ื”ืœืœื•, ื”ื™ื ื ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืœืง ืขืœ ื”ืกื‘ืจื• ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ.
^ 23. ื”ืจืื™"ื” ืงื•ืง, ืžื’ื“ ื™ืจื—ื™ื, ืžื”ื“ื•ืจืช ื”ืจื‘ ืขื•ื–ื™ ืงืœื›ื”ื™ื™ื, ืขืž' ืกื’.
^ 24. ื”ืจืื™"ื” ืงื•ืง, ืื•ืจื•ืช, ืขืž' ื ื—.
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il