ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื
  • ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื
  • ืชืฉืขื” ื‘ืื‘
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
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11 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื” โ€ข 52 ื“ืง' ื”ืื–ื ื”
ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”

ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืœืขื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืฉืžืช

ืจ' ืื‘ืจื”ื ื‘ืŸ ื“ื•ื“

ืคืชื™ื—ื”
ื‘ืžื’ื™ืœืช ืื™ื›ื”, ื‘ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืฉืืจ ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื•ืช, ืงืฉื” ืœืจืื•ืช ืจืฆืฃ ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”'. ื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืคืจืงื™ื, ืฉื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื‘ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื—ืจ. ืคืจืงื™ื ื', ื‘' ื•ื“' ื‘ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืœืคื™ ืกื“ืจ ื"ื‘, ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืฉื ื™ื ืคืกื•ืงื™ื, ืคืกื•ืง ืœื›ืœ ืื•ืช. ื’ื ื”ืคืจืง ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื‘ื ื•ื™ ืœืคื™ ื"ื‘, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืœ ืื•ืช ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ื‘ื• ืฉืœืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื 1 . ื”ืคืจืง ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ ื›ืœืœ ืื™ื ื• ื‘ื ื•ื™ ืœืคื™ ื"ื‘, ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ื‘ื• ื™ืฉ ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืฉื ื™ื ืคืกื•ืงื™ื, ื›ืžื ื™ืŸ ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช. ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืจืงื™ื ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืื•ืชื ื• ืœืžื—ืฉื‘ื” - ื•ืžื™ื“ ื ืจืื” ืฉื›ืš ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื’ื ื—ื–"ืœ - ืฉื”ืžื’ื™ืœื” ืœื ื ื›ืชื‘ื” ื‘ืคืจืง ื–ืžืŸ ืื—ื“. ื›ืš ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื’ื ื‘ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื” ืขืฆืžื.

ืฆื“ืงื•ืชื• ื•ืžื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื™ืืฉื™ื”ื•
ืื—ื“ ืžืžืœื›ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื”ื™ื” ื™ืืฉื™ื”ื•, ืขืœื™ื• ื ืืžืจ "ื•ื›ืžื•ื”ื• ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœืคื ื™ื• ืžืœืš ืืฉืจ ืฉื‘ ืืœ ื”' ื‘ื›ืœ ืœื‘ื‘ื• ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื ืคืฉื• ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืื•ื“ื• ื›ื›ืœ ืชื•ืจืช ืžืฉื” ื•ืื—ืจื™ื• ืœื ืงื ื›ืžื•ื”ื•" 2 . ื‘ื™ืžื™ื• ืฉื•ืœื˜ืช ืืฉื•ืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื‘ื‘ืœ ื™ื•ืฆืืช ื›ื ื’ื“ื” ืœืžืœื—ืžื” ืฉืœื ื ืจืื™ืช ื‘ืขืœืช ืกื™ื›ื•ื™, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื ืžื ืฆื—ืช. ืžื™ื“ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ืžืชื›ื ืŸ ืžืœืš ื‘ื‘ืœ ืœืจื“ืช ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื“ืจื›ื” ืœื›ื‘ื•ืฉ ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื›ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”, ืžื—ืœื™ื˜ ืžืœืš ืžืฆืจื™ื ืœื”ืงื™ื ืงื•ืืœื™ืฆื™ื” ืขื ืžืœืš ืืฉื•ืจ, ื•ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื ื’ื“ ืžืœืš ื‘ื‘ืœ. ืื•ืœื, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืžืœืš ืžืฆืจื™ื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื ื’ื“ ืžืœืš ื‘ื‘ืœ ืฉื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืžืœืš ืืฉื•ืจ, ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื“ืจืš ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืคื•ื ื” ืœื™ืืฉื™ื”ื• ืžืœืš ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืžืžื ื• ืฉื™ืชืŸ ืœื• ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ. ื™ืืฉื™ื”ื• ืื™ื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื‘ืงืฉื”, ื”ื•ื ืจื•ืื” ื‘ื” ื˜ืจื™ืง ืฉืœ ืžืœืš ืžืฆืจื™ื ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืืจืฅ ื•ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื ื’ื“ื•. ื•ื›ืš ืžืชืืจ ื–ืืช ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ 3 :
ืึทื—ึฒืจึตื™ ื›ึธืœ ื–ืืช ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื”ึตื›ึดื™ืŸ ื™ืืฉืึดื™ึผึธื”ื•ึผ ืึถืช ื”ึทื‘ึผึทื™ึดืช ืขึธืœึธื” ื ึฐื›ื•ึน ืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื ืœึฐื”ึดืœึผึธื—ึตื ื‘ึผึฐื›ึทืจึฐื›ึผึฐืžึดื™ืฉื ืขึทืœ ืคึผึฐืจึธืช ื•ึทื™ึผึตืฆึตื ืœึดืงึฐืจึธืืชื•ึน ื™ืืฉืึดื™ึผึธื”ื•ึผ: ื•ึทื™ึผึดืฉืึฐืœึทื— ืึตืœึธื™ื• ืžึทืœึฐืึธื›ึดื™ื ืœึตืืžืจ ืžึทื” ืœึผึดื™ ื•ึธืœึธืšึฐ ืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธื” ืœึนื ืขึธืœึถื™ืšึธ ืึทืชึผึธื” ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื›ึผึดื™ ืึถืœ ื‘ึผึตื™ืช ืžึดืœึฐื—ึทืžึฐืชึผึดื™ ื•ึตืืœึนื”ึดื™ื ืึธืžึทืจ ืœึฐื‘ึทื”ึฒืœึตื ึดื™ ื—ึฒื“ึทืœ ืœึฐืšึธ ืžึตืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืขึดืžึผึดื™ ื•ึฐืึทืœ ื™ึทืฉืึฐื—ึดื™ืชึถืšึธ: ื•ึฐืœึนื ื”ึตืกึตื‘ ื™ืืฉืึดื™ึผึธื”ื•ึผ ืคึธื ึธื™ื• ืžึดืžึผึถื ึผื•ึผ ื›ึผึดื™ ืœึฐื”ึดืœึผึธื—ึถื ื‘ึผื•ึน ื”ึดืชึฐื—ึทืคึผึตืฉื‚ ื•ึฐืœึนื ืฉืึธืžึทืข ืึถืœ ื“ึผึดื‘ึฐืจึตื™ ื ึฐื›ื•ึน ืžึดืคึผึดื™ ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ื•ึทื™ึผึธื‘ื ืœึฐื”ึดืœึผึธื—ึตื ื‘ึผึฐื‘ึดืงึฐืขึทืช ืžึฐื’ึดื“ึผื•ึน: ื•ึทื™ึผืจื•ึผ ื”ึทื™ึผืจึดื™ื ืœึทืžึผึถืœึถืšึฐ ื™ืืฉืึดื™ึผึธื”ื•ึผ ื•ึทื™ึผืืžึถืจ ื”ึทืžึผึถืœึถืšึฐ ืœึทืขึฒื‘ึธื“ึธื™ื• ื”ึทืขึฒื‘ึดื™ืจื•ึผื ึดื™ ื›ึผึดื™ ื”ึธื—ึณืœึตื™ืชึดื™ ืžึฐืื“: ื•ึทื™ึผึทืขึฒื‘ึดื™ืจึปื”ื•ึผ ืขึฒื‘ึธื“ึธื™ื• ืžึดืŸ ื”ึทืžึผึถืจึฐื›ึผึธื‘ึธื” ื•ึทื™ึผึทืจึฐื›ึผึดื™ื‘ึปื”ื•ึผ ืขึทืœ ืจึถื›ึถื‘ ื”ึทืžึผึดืฉืึฐื ึถื” ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืœื•ึน ื•ึทื™ึผื•ึนืœึดื™ื›ึปื”ื•ึผ ื™ึฐืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึทื ื•ึทื™ึผึธืžึธืช ื•ึทื™ึผึดืงึผึธื‘ึตืจ ื‘ึผึฐืงึดื‘ึฐืจื•ึนืช ืึฒื‘ืชึธื™ื• ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธื” ื•ึดื™ืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึทื ืžึดืชึฐืึทื‘ึผึฐืœึดื™ื ืขึทืœ-ื™ืืฉืึดื™ึผึธื”ื•ึผ: ื•ึทื™ึฐืงื•ึนื ึตืŸ ื™ึดืจึฐืžึฐื™ึธื”ื•ึผ ืขึทืœ ื™ืืฉืึดื™ึผึธื”ื•ึผ ื•ึทื™ึผืืžึฐืจื•ึผ ื›ึธืœ ื”ึทืฉึผืึธืจึดื™ื ื•ึฐื”ึทืฉึผืึธืจื•ึนืช ื‘ึผึฐืงึดื™ื ื•ึนืชึตื™ื”ึถื ืขึทืœ ื™ืืฉืึดื™ึผึธื”ื•ึผ ืขึทื“ ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื•ึทื™ึผึดืชึผึฐื ื•ึผื ืœึฐื—ึนืง ืขึทืœ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื•ึฐื”ึดื ึผึธื ื›ึผึฐืชื•ึผื‘ึดื™ื ืขึทืœ ื”ึทืงึผึดื™ื ื•ึนืช:

ื”ืงื™ื ื” ืฉืื•ืชื” ืžืงื•ื ืŸ ื™ืจืžื™ื”ื• ืขืœ ืžืœื›ื•ืชื• ื•ืžื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื™ืืฉื™ื”ื• ื”ื™ื ืคืจืง ื“' ื‘ืžื’ื™ืœืช ืื™ื›ื”, ื•ื›ืฉื ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืฉืืœื” 'ืฆื“ื™ืง ื•ืจืข ืœื• ืจืฉืข ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื•', ืฉื”ืจื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืœืš ืฆื“ื™ืง ื›ื™ืืฉื™ื”ื• ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ื–ืืช ืงืจื” ืœื• ืžื” ืฉืงืจื”, ื•ื—ื–"ืœ ืืฃ ืื•ืžืจื™ื "ืฉืขืฉื• ื›ืœ ื’ื•ืคื• ื›ื›ื‘ืจื”" 4 . ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ื‘ืืžืช ืžืช ื™ืืฉื™ื”ื•? ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ื—ื–"ืœ ืœืœืžื“ ืื•ืชื ื• ื™ืกื•ื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ื”ืฉืงืคืช ื”ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช:
ืืžืจ ืจ' ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ืจ ื ื—ืžื ื™ ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ ืžืคื ื™ ืžื” ื ืขื ืฉ ื™ืืฉื™ื”ื•? ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืœื™ืžืœืš ื‘ื™ืจืžื™ื”ื• ื•ืœื ื ืžืœืš. ืžืื™ ื“ืจื™ืฉ? ื•ื—ืจื‘ ืœื ืชืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืืจืฆื›ื, ืžืื™ ื—ืจื‘? ืื™ืœื™ืžื ื—ืจื‘ ืฉืื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ืฉืœื•ื - ื•ื”ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื•ื ืชืชื™ ืฉืœื•ื ื‘ืืจืฅ, ืืœื ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉืœ ืฉืœื•ื. ื•ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉืื™ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื• ื“ื•ืžื” ื™ืคื”.

ื›ืฉืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืฉื ื•ื’ืขื•ืช ืœื›ืœืœ - ื•ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคืขืžื™ื ื’ื ืœืคืจื˜ - ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฅ ืขื ื”ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื. ืื•ืœื ื™ืืฉื™ื”ื• ืœื ืคื ื” ืœื™ืจืžื™ื”ื•, ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื“ืจืฉ ืžืŸ ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ื—ืจื‘ ืฉืœ ืฉืœื•ื ืœื ืชืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืืจืฅ. ื™ืืฉื™ื”ื• ื”ื™ื” ื™ืจื ืฉืžื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื•ืืžืจ - ืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”' ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ืžืงืกื™ืžืœื™ืช. ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ื”ื•ื ืฆื“ืง, ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™ ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ื“ืข ืฉื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ืื™ื ื” ืจืง ืขืœ ื”ืžืœืš ืืœื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื, ื•ื”ืขื ืื™ื ื• ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืžื“ืจื’ืชื• ืฉืœ ื™ืืฉื™ื”ื•.

ื”ื’ืžืจื ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœืชืืจ ืืช ืจื’ืขื™ ื—ื™ื™ื• ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ืืฉื™ื”ื•:
ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื” ื ื™ื—ื ื ืคืฉื™ื” ื—ื–ืจ ื™ืจืžื™ื”ื• ืฉืคื•ื•ืชื™ื” ื“ืงื ืžืจื—ืฉืŸ, ืืžืจ ืฉืžื ื—ืก ื•ืฉืœื•ื ืžื™ืœืชื ื“ืœื ืžื”ื’ื ื ืืžืจ ืื’ื‘ ืฆืขืจื™ื”, ื’ื—ื™ืŸ ื•ืฉืžืขื™ื” ื“ืงื ืžืฆื“ื™ืง ืขืœื™ื” ื“ื™ื ื ืื ืคืฉื™ื”, ืืžืจ ืฆื“ื™ืง ื”ื•ื ื”' ื›ื™ ืคื™ื”ื• ืžืจื™ืชื™. ืคืชื— ืขืœื™ื” ื”ื”ื™ื ืฉืขืชื ืจื•ื— ืืคื™ื ื• ืžืฉื™ื— ื”'.

ื–ื”ื• ื™ืืฉื™ื”ื• ื”ืฆื“ื™ืง, ื•ืขืœื™ื• ืงื•ื ืŸ ื™ืจืžื™ื”ื• ืืช ื”ืงื™ื ื” ืฉื‘ืคืจืง ื“' ืฉืœ ืžื’ื™ืœืช ืื™ื›ื”.

ื™ื”ื•ื™ืงื™ื ื•ืฆื“ืงื™ื”ื•
ืื—ืจื™ ื™ืืฉื™ื”ื• ืžืœืš ื™ื”ื•ื™ืงื™ื ื‘ื ื•, ืฉืขืœื™ื• ื ืืžืจ "ื•ื™ืขืฉ ื”ืจืข ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื”' ื›ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ืขืฉื• ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื•" 5 . ื”' ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืืช ื™ืจืžื™ื”ื• ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืžื’ื™ืœืช ืกืคืจ ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ืช ืœื‘ื™ืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ืœืžืœืš ื™ื”ื•ื™ืงื™ื, ื›ืžื• ืฉืžืกื•ืคืจ ื‘ืกืคืจ ื™ืจืžื™ื”ื• 6 :
ื•ึทื™ึฐื”ึดื™ ื‘ึผึทืฉึผืึธื ึธื” ื”ึธืจึฐื‘ึดื™ืขึดืช ืœึดื™ื”ื•ึนื™ึธืงึดื™ื ื‘ึผึถืŸ ื™ืืฉืึดื™ึผึธื”ื•ึผ ืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธื” ื”ึธื™ึธื” ื”ึทื“ึผึธื‘ึธืจ ื”ึทื–ึผึถื” ืึถืœ ื™ึดืจึฐืžึฐื™ึธื”ื•ึผ ืžึตืึตืช ื”' ืœึตืืžืจ: ืงึทื— ืœึฐืšึธ ืžึฐื’ึดืœึผึทืช ืกึตืคึถืจ ื•ึฐื›ึธืชึทื‘ึฐืชึผึธ ืึตืœึถื™ื”ึธ ืึตืช ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทื“ึผึฐื‘ึธืจึดื™ื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื“ึผึดื‘ึผึทืจึฐืชึผึดื™ ืึตืœึถื™ืšึธ ืขึทืœ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธื” ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทื’ึผื•ึนื™ึดื ืžึดื™ึผื•ึนื ื“ึผึดื‘ึผึทืจึฐืชึผึดื™ ืึตืœึถื™ืšึธ ืžึดื™ืžึตื™ ื™ืืฉืึดื™ึผึธื”ื•ึผ ื•ึฐืขึทื“ ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทื–ึผึถื”: ืื•ึผืœึทื™ ื™ึดืฉืึฐืžึฐืขื•ึผ ื‘ึผึตื™ืช ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธื” ืึตืช ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึธืจึธืขึธื” ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืึธื ื›ึดื™ ื—ึนืฉืึตื‘ ืœึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึนืช ืœึธื”ึถื ืœึฐืžึทืขึทืŸ ื™ึธืฉืื•ึผื‘ื•ึผ ืึดื™ืฉื ืžึดื“ึผึทืจึฐื›ึผื•ึน ื”ึธืจึธืขึธื” ื•ึฐืกึธืœึทื—ึฐืชึผึดื™ ืœึทืขึฒื•ึนื ึธื ื•ึผืœึฐื—ึทื˜ึผึธืืชึธื: ื•ึทื™ึผึดืงึฐืจึธื ื™ึดืจึฐืžึฐื™ึธื”ื•ึผ ืึถืช ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ื‘ึผึถืŸ ื ึตืจึดื™ึผึธื” ื•ึทื™ึผึดื›ึฐืชึผื‘ ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ืžึดืคึผึดื™ ื™ึดืจึฐืžึฐื™ึธื”ื•ึผ ืึตืช ื›ึผึธืœ ื“ึผึดื‘ึฐืจึตื™ ื”' ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื“ึผึดื‘ึผึถืจ ืึตืœึธื™ื• ืขึทืœ ืžึฐื’ึดืœึผึทืช ืกึตืคึถืจ:

ื•ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืคืจืง:
ื•ึทื™ึผืืžึฐืจื•ึผ ื”ึทืฉึผื‚ึธืจึดื™ื ืึถืœ ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ืœึตืšึฐ ื”ึดืกึผึธืชึตืจ ืึทืชึผึธื” ื•ึฐื™ึดืจึฐืžึฐื™ึธื”ื•ึผ ื•ึฐืึดื™ืฉื ืึทืœ ื™ึตื“ึทืข ืึตื™ืคื” ืึทืชึผึถื: ื•ึทื™ึผึธื‘ื•ึนืื•ึผ ืึถืœ ื”ึทืžึผึถืœึถืšึฐ ื—ึธืฆึตืจึธื” ื•ึฐืึถืช ื”ึทืžึผึฐื’ึดืœึผึธื” ื”ึดืคึฐืงึดื“ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐืœึดืฉืึฐื›ึผึทืช ืึฑืœึดื™ืฉืึธืžึธืข ื”ึทืกึผืคึตืจ ื•ึทื™ึผึทื’ึผึดื™ื“ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐืึธื–ึฐื ึตื™ ื”ึทืžึผึถืœึถืšึฐ ืึตืช ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทื“ึผึฐื‘ึธืจึดื™ื: ื•ึทื™ึผึดืฉืึฐืœึทื— ื”ึทืžึผึถืœึถืšึฐ ืึถืช ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึดื™ ืœึธืงึทื—ึทืช ืึถืช ื”ึทืžึผึฐื’ึดืœึผึธื” ื•ึทื™ึผึดืงึผึธื—ึถื”ึธ ืžึดืœึผึดืฉืึฐื›ึผึทืช ืึฑืœึดื™ืฉืึธืžึธืข ื”ึทืกึผืคึตืจ ื•ึทื™ึผึดืงึฐืจึธืึถื”ึธ ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึดื™ ื‘ึผึฐืึธื–ึฐื ึตื™ ื”ึทืžึผึถืœึถืšึฐ ื•ึผื‘ึฐืึธื–ึฐื ึตื™ ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทืฉึผื‚ึธืจึดื™ื ื”ึธืขืžึฐื“ึดื™ื ืžึตืขึทืœ ื”ึทืžึผึถืœึถืšึฐ: ื•ึฐื”ึทืžึผึถืœึถืšึฐ ื™ื•ึนืฉืึตื‘ ื‘ึผึตื™ืช ื”ึทื—ึนืจึถืฃ ื‘ึผึทื—ึนื“ึถืฉื ื”ึทืชึผึฐืฉืึดื™ืขึดื™ ื•ึฐืึถืช ื”ึธืึธื— ืœึฐืคึธื ึธื™ื• ืžึฐื‘ืขึธืจึถืช: ื•ึทื™ึฐื”ึดื™ ื›ึผึดืงึฐืจื•ึนื ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึดื™ ืฉืึธืœืฉื ื“ึผึฐืœึธืชื•ึนืช ื•ึฐืึทืจึฐื‘ึผึธืขึธื” ื™ึดืงึฐืจึธืขึถื”ึธ ื‘ึผึฐืชึทืขึทืจ ื”ึทืกึผืคึตืจ ื•ึฐื”ึทืฉืึฐืœึตืšึฐ ืึถืœ ื”ึธืึตืฉื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืึถืœ ื”ึธืึธื— ืขึทื“ ืชึผื ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทืžึผึฐื’ึดืœึผึธื” ืขึทืœ ื”ึธืึตืฉื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืขึทืœ ื”ึธืึธื—: ื•ึฐืœึนื ืคึธื—ึฒื“ื•ึผ ื•ึฐืœึนื ืงึธืจึฐืขื•ึผ ืึถืช ื‘ึผึดื’ึฐื“ึตื™ื”ึถื ื”ึทืžึผึถืœึถืšึฐ ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ืขึฒื‘ึธื“ึธื™ื• ื”ึทืฉึผืืžึฐืขึดื™ื ืึตืช ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทื“ึผึฐื‘ึธืจึดื™ื ื”ึธืึตืœึผึถื”: ื•ึฐื’ึทื ืึถืœึฐื ึธืชึธืŸ ื•ึผื“ึฐืœึธื™ึธื”ื•ึผ ื•ึผื’ึฐืžึทืจึฐื™ึธื”ื•ึผ ื”ึดืคึฐื’ึผึดืขื•ึผ ื‘ึทืžึผึถืœึถืšึฐ ืœึฐื‘ึดืœึฐืชึผึดื™ ืฉื‚ึฐืจืฃ ืึถืช ื”ึทืžึผึฐื’ึดืœึผึธื” ื•ึฐืœึนื ืฉืึธืžึทืข ืึฒืœึตื™ื”ึถื: ื•ึทื™ึฐืฆึทื•ึผึถื” ื”ึทืžึผึถืœึถืšึฐ ืึถืช ื™ึฐืจึทื—ึฐืžึฐืึตืœ ื‘ึผึถืŸ ื”ึทืžึผึถืœึถืšึฐ ื•ึฐืึถืช ืฉื‚ึฐืจึธื™ึธื”ื•ึผ ื‘ึถืŸ ืขึทื–ึฐืจึดื™ืึตืœ ื•ึฐืึถืช ืฉืึถืœึถืžึฐื™ึธื”ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึถืŸ ืขึทื‘ึฐื“ึผึฐืึตืœ ืœึธืงึทื—ึทืช ืึถืช ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ื”ึทืกึผืคึตืจ ื•ึฐืึตืช ื™ึดืจึฐืžึฐื™ึธื”ื•ึผ ื”ึทื ึผึธื‘ึดื™ื ื•ึทื™ึผึทืกึฐืชึผึดืจึตื ื”': ื•ึทื™ึฐื”ึดื™ ื“ึฐื‘ึทืจ ื”' ืึถืœ ื™ึดืจึฐืžึฐื™ึธื”ื•ึผ ืึทื—ึฒืจึตื™ ืฉื‚ึฐืจืฃ ื”ึทืžึผึถืœึถืšึฐ ืึถืช ื”ึทืžึผึฐื’ึดืœึผึธื” ื•ึฐืึถืช ื”ึทื“ึผึฐื‘ึธืจึดื™ื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื›ึผึธืชึทื‘ ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ืžึดืคึผึดื™ ื™ึดืจึฐืžึฐื™ึธื”ื•ึผ ืœึตืืžืจ:

ื”ืžืœืš ืฉื•ืจืฃ ืืช ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื”, ื•ืื– ืื•ืžืจ ื”' ืœื™ืจืžื™ื”ื• ืฉื™ืงื— ืžื’ื™ืœื” ืื—ืจืช ื•ื™ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืขืœื™ื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” "ื•ืขื•ื“ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื›ื”ืžื”". ื•ืžื‘ืืจ ืจืฉ"ื™ "ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื›ื”ืžื” - ืžืชื—ืœื” ื”ื™ื• ืฉืœืฉ ืืœืคื ื‘ื™ืชื™ืŸ: ืื™ื›ื” ื™ืฉื‘ื”, ืื™ื›ื” ื™ืขื™ื‘, ืื™ื›ื” ื™ื•ืขื. ื•ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืขืœื™ื” ืื ื™ ื”ื’ื‘ืจ, ืฉื›ืœ ืื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืœืฉืช ื‘ื”".
ืœืžื“ื ื• ืฉืคืจืง ื’' ื‘ืžื’ื™ืœืช ืื™ื›ื” ื ื›ืชื‘ ืขืœ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื™ื”ื•ื™ืงื™ื ื‘ื ื• ืฉืœ ื™ืืฉื™ื”ื• ื”ืžืœืš.

ืื—ืจื™ ื™ื”ื•ื™ืงื™ื ืžืœืš ื‘ื ื•, ื”ืžืœืš ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืœื›ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” - ืฆื“ืงื™ื”ื•. ื–ื”ื• ื”ืคืจืง ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื’ื™ืœื”, ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืกื“ืจ ื"ื‘. ื”ื›ืœ ืžื‘ื•ืœื‘ืœ, ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื™ื” ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ.

ืžื”ื• ื”ืงื• ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ?
ืชืงื•ืคืช ืžืœื›ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื™ื”ื•ื™ืงื™ื ื•ืฉืœ ืฆื“ืงื™ื”ื• ืขื“ ื”ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื”ื™ืชื” ื›ืœ ืื—ืช 11 ืฉื ื™ื, ื•ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš ืคืจืง ืฉืœื ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื™ืืฉื™ื”ื•, ื•ืžื›ืืŸ ืฉื”ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื ื›ืชื‘ื” ื‘ืžืฉืš 22 ืฉื ื™ื ืœืคื—ื•ืช, ื•ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœื•ื“ืื™ ืฉื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ื”ืฉืืœื” ืฉื ืขืกื•ืง ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื - ืžื”ื• ื”ืงื• ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืœื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ื ื™ื‘ื ื™ืจืžื™ื”ื• - ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื™ืืฉื™ื”ื•, ื™ื”ื•ื™ืงื™ื ื•ืฆื“ืงื™ื”ื•?

ื™ืฉื‘ื” ื‘ื“ื“
ื”ืคืจืง ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืคื•ืชื— ื‘ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื:
ืึตื™ื›ึธื” ื™ึธืฉืึฐื‘ึธื” ื‘ึธื“ึธื“ ื”ึธืขึดื™ืจ ืจึทื‘ึผึธืชึดื™ ืขึธื ื”ึธื™ึฐืชึธื” ื›ึผึฐืึทืœึฐืžึธื ึธื” ืจึทื‘ึผึธืชึดื™ ื‘ึทื’ึผื•ึนื™ึดื ืฉื‚ึธืจึธืชึดื™ ื‘ึผึทืžึผึฐื“ึดื™ื ื•ึนืช ื”ึธื™ึฐืชึธื” ืœึธืžึทืก: ื‘ึผึธื›ื•ึน ืชึดื‘ึฐื›ึผึถื” ื‘ึผึทืœึผึทื™ึฐืœึธื” ื•ึฐื“ึดืžึฐืขึธืชึธื”ึผ ืขึทืœ ืœึถื—ึฑื™ึธื”ึผ ืึตื™ืŸ ืœึธื”ึผ ืžึฐื ึทื—ึตื ืžึดื›ึผึธืœ ืื”ึฒื‘ึถื™ื”ึธ ื›ึผึธืœ ืจึตืขึถื™ื”ึธ ื‘ึผึธื’ึฐื“ื•ึผ ื‘ึธื”ึผ ื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ืœึธื”ึผ ืœึฐืื™ึฐื‘ึดื™ื:

ื‘ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืคืจืง ื›ื•ืœื•, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืืฉืจ ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ื—ืžืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื: "ืึตื™ืŸ ืœึธื”ึผ ืžึฐื ึทื—ึตื".
ื‘ึผึธื›ื•ึน ืชึดื‘ึฐื›ึผึถื” ื‘ึผึทืœึผึทื™ึฐืœึธื” ื•ึฐื“ึดืžึฐืขึธืชึธื”ึผ ืขึทืœ ืœึถื—ึฑื™ึธื”ึผ ืึตื™ืŸ ืœึธื”ึผ ืžึฐื ึทื—ึตื ืžึดื›ึผึธืœ ืื”ึฒื‘ึถื™ื”ึธ ื›ึผึธืœ ืจึตืขึถื™ื”ึธ ื‘ึผึธื’ึฐื“ื•ึผ ื‘ึธื”ึผ ื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ืœึธื”ึผ ืœึฐืื™ึฐื‘ึดื™ื: ื˜ึปืžึฐืึธืชึธื”ึผ ื‘ึผึฐืฉืื•ึผืœึถื™ื”ึธ ืœึนื ื–ึธื›ึฐืจึธื” ืึทื—ึฒืจึดื™ืชึธื”ึผ ื•ึทืชึผึตืจึถื“ ืคึผึฐืœึธืึดื™ื ืึตื™ืŸ ืžึฐื ึทื—ึตื ืœึธื”ึผ ืจึฐืึตื” ื”' ืึถืช ืขึธื ึฐื™ึดื™ ื›ึผึดื™ ื”ึดื’ึฐื“ึผึดื™ืœ ืื•ึนื™ึตื‘ ืขึทืœ ืึตืœึผึถื” ืึฒื ึดื™ ื‘ื•ึนื›ึดื™ึผึธื” ืขึตื™ื ึดื™ ืขึตื™ื ึดื™ ื™ืจึฐื“ึธื” ืžึผึทื™ึดื ื›ึผึดื™ ืจึธื—ึทืง ืžึดืžึผึถื ึผึดื™ ืžึฐื ึทื—ึตื ืžึตืฉืึดื™ื‘ ื ึทืคึฐืฉืึดื™ ื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ื‘ึธื ึทื™ ืฉืื•ึนืžึตืžึดื™ื ื›ึผึดื™ ื’ึธื‘ึทืจ ืื•ึนื™ึตื‘: ืคึผึตืจึฐืฉื‚ึธื” ืฆึดื™ึผื•ึนืŸ ื‘ึผึฐื™ึธื“ึถื™ื”ึธ ืึตื™ืŸ ืžึฐื ึทื—ึตื ืœึธื”ึผ ืฆึดื•ึผึธื” ื”' ืœึฐื™ึทืขึฒืงื‘ ืกึฐื‘ึดื™ื‘ึธื™ื• ืฆึธืจึธื™ื• ื”ึธื™ึฐืชึธื” ื™ึฐืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึทื ืœึฐื ึดื“ึผึธื” ื‘ึผึตื™ื ึตื™ื”ึถื: ืฉืึธืžึฐืขื•ึผ ื›ึผึดื™ ื ึถืึฑื ึธื—ึธื” ืึธื ึดื™ ืึตื™ืŸ ืžึฐื ึทื—ึตื ืœึดื™ ื›ึผึธืœ ืื™ึฐื‘ึทื™ ืฉืึธืžึฐืขื•ึผ ืจึธืขึธืชึดื™ ืฉื‚ึธืฉื‚ื•ึผ ื›ึผึดื™ ืึทืชึผึธื” ืขึธืฉื‚ึดื™ืชึธ ื”ึตื‘ึตืืชึธ ื™ื•ึนื ืงึธืจึธืืชึธ ื•ึฐื™ึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึผ ื›ึธืžื ึดื™: ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื ื‘ื’ื“ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืขืžื™ื. ืœื ื“ื™ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื™ื ืกื•ื‘ืœืช ืžื”ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ, ืืœื ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื‘ื ืœื ื—ื ืื•ืชื”, ื•ืœื”ื™ืคืš - ื”ื™ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื” ืžื ื•ื“ื”: ื—ึตื˜ึฐื ื—ึธื˜ึฐืึธื” ื™ึฐืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึทื ืขึทืœ ื›ึผึตืŸ ืœึฐื ึดื™ื“ึธื” ื”ึธื™ึธืชึธื” ื›ึผึธืœ ืžึฐื›ึทื‘ึผึฐื“ึถื™ื”ึธ ื”ึดื–ึผึดื™ืœื•ึผื”ึธ ื›ึผึดื™ ืจึธืื•ึผ ืขึถืจึฐื•ึธืชึธื”ึผ ื’ึผึทื ื”ึดื™ื ื ึถืึถื ึฐื—ึธื” ื•ึทืชึผึธืฉืึธื‘ ืึธื—ื•ึนืจ: ืคึผึตืจึฐืฉื‚ึธื” ืฆึดื™ึผื•ึนืŸ ื‘ึผึฐื™ึธื“ึถื™ื”ึธ ืึตื™ืŸ ืžึฐื ึทื—ึตื ืœึธื”ึผ ืฆึดื•ึผึธื” ื”' ืœึฐื™ึทืขึฒืงื‘ ืกึฐื‘ึดื™ื‘ึธื™ื• ืฆึธืจึธื™ื• ื”ึธื™ึฐืชึธื” ื™ึฐืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึทื ืœึฐื ึดื“ึผึธื” ื‘ึผึตื™ื ึตื™ื”ึถื:

ื•ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš:
ื–ึธื›ึฐืจึธื” ื™ึฐืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึทื ื™ึฐืžึตื™ ืขึธื ึฐื™ึธื”ึผ ื•ึผืžึฐืจื•ึผื“ึถื™ื”ึธ ื›ึผืœ ืžึทื—ึฒืžึปื“ึผึถื™ื”ึธ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ืžึดื™ืžึตื™ ืงึถื“ึถื ื‘ึผึดื ึฐืคืœ ืขึทืžึผึธื”ึผ ื‘ึผึฐื™ึทื“-ืฆึธืจ ื•ึฐืึตื™ืŸ ืขื•ึนื–ึตืจ ืœึธื”ึผ ืจึธืื•ึผื”ึธ ืฆึธืจึดื™ื ืฉื‚ึธื—ึฒืงื•ึผ ืขึทืœ ืžึดืฉืึฐื‘ึผึทืชึผึถื”ึธ :

ื‘ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ืืœื• ืžืชื•ืืจื•ืช ืฉืœืฉ ืจืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืจื™ื—ื•ืง: ืื™ืŸ ืžื ื—ื, ืœื ื™ื“ื” ื”ื™ืชื”, ืฉื—ืงื• ืขืœ ืžืฉื‘ืชื”. ืžืฆื‘ ื–ื” ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืœื ื• ืžืฆื‘ ื“ื•ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืื™ื•ื‘ 7 . ืื™ื•ื‘ ื”ื™ื” ืขืฉื™ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื›ื•ืœื ื‘ืื• ืืœื™ื• ื•ืจืฆื• ื‘ืงืจื‘ืชื•, ืขื“ ืฉื”ืฉื˜ืŸ ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืœื ืกื•ืชื• ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืžืื•ื“ ืงืฉื”, ืฉื‘ื ืžื›ื” ืื—ืจ ืžื›ื”: ื”ืืชื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ื ืขืจื™ื, ื”ืฆืืŸ, ื”ื’ืžืœื™ื ื•ื”ื‘ื ื™ื. ืื•ืœื ืื™ื•ื‘ ืื™ื ื• ื ืฉื‘ืจ: "ื•ื™ืงื ืื™ื•ื‘ ื•ื™ืงืจืข ืืช ืžืขื™ืœื• ื•ื™ื’ื– ืืช ืจืฉื ื•ื™ืคื•ืœ ืืจืฆื” ื•ื™ืฉืชื—ื•, ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืขืจื ื™ืฆืืชื™ ืžื‘ื˜ืŸ ืืžื™ ื•ืขืจื ืืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืžื” ื”' ื ืชืŸ ื•ื”' ืœืงื— ื™ื”ื™ ืฉื ื”' ืžื‘ื•ืจืš: ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ืœื ื—ื˜ื ืื™ื•ื‘ ื•ืœื ื ืชืŸ ืชืคืœื” ืœืืœื”ื™ื".

ืžื” ื›ืŸ ืžื‘ื™ื ืืช ืื™ื•ื‘ ืœืจื’ืขื™ื ื”ืงืฉื™ื? ืžื’ืœื” ื–ืืช ืื™ื•ื‘ ืขืฆืžื• 8 :
ืึทื—ึทื™ ืžึตืขึธืœึทื™ ื”ึดืจึฐื—ึดื™ืง ื•ึฐื™ื“ึฐืขึทื™ ืึทืšึฐ ื–ึธืจื•ึผ ืžึดืžึผึถื ึผึดื™: ื—ึธื“ึฐืœื•ึผ ืงึฐืจื•ึนื‘ึธื™ ื•ึผืžึฐื™ึปื“ึผึธืขึทื™ ืฉืึฐื›ึตื—ื•ึผื ึดื™: ื’ึผึธืจึตื™ ื‘ึตื™ืชึดื™ ื•ึฐืึทืžึฐื”ืชึทื™ ืœึฐื–ึธืจ ืชึผึทื—ึฐืฉืึฐื‘ึปื ึดื™ ื ึธื›ึฐืจึดื™ ื”ึธื™ึดื™ืชึดื™ ื‘ึฐืขึตื™ื ึตื™ื”ึถื: ืœึฐืขึทื‘ึฐื“ึผึดื™ ืงึธืจึธืืชึดื™ ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึทืขึฒื ึถื” ื‘ึผึฐืžื•ึน ืคึดื™ ืึถืชึฐื—ึทื ึผึถืŸ ืœื•ึน: ืจื•ึผื—ึดื™ ื–ึธืจึธื” ืœึฐืึดืฉืึฐืชึผึดื™ ื•ึฐื—ึทื ึผืชึดื™ ืœึดื‘ึฐื ึตื™ ื‘ึดื˜ึฐื ึดื™: ื’ึผึทื ืขึฒื•ึดื™ืœึดื™ื ืžึธืึฒืกื•ึผ ื‘ึดื™ ืึธืงื•ึผืžึธื” ื•ึทื™ึฐื“ึทื‘ึผึฐืจื•ึผ ื‘ึดื™: ืชึผึดืขึฒื‘ื•ึผื ึดื™ ื›ึผึธืœ ืžึฐืชึตื™ ืกื•ึนื“ึดื™ ื•ึฐื–ึถื” ืึธื”ึทื‘ึฐืชึผึดื™ ื ึถื”ึฐืคึผึฐื›ื•ึผ ื‘ึดื™:

ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื ืขืœืžื™ื, ืืคื™ืœื• ื’ืจื™ ื‘ื™ืชื• ืขื‘ื“ื™ื• ื•ืืฃ ืืฉืชื•. "ื’ื ืขื•ื™ืœื™ื ืžืืกื• ื‘ื™" - ื’ื ืืœื• ืฉื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื›ืฉื”ื ืจื•ืื™ื ืื•ืชื•, "ื•ึฐืขึทืชึผึธื” ื ึฐื’ึดื™ื ึธืชึธื ื”ึธื™ึดื™ืชึดื™ ื•ึธืึฑื”ึดื™ ืœึธื”ึถื ืœึฐืžึดืœึผึธื”" 9 .

ืœื ื”ืฆืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ืืช ืื™ื•ื‘, ืืœื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื•ืฆื ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ืœื‘ื“. ื‘ืื—ื“ ืžืคื™ืจื•ืฉื™ื• ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืจืฉ"ื™ ืฉืื•ื”ื‘ื™ ื”ืขืฉื™ืจ ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ื, ืื‘ืœ ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื ืœื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขืฉื™ืจ, ืืœื ืืช ื”ื›ืกืฃ... ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื›ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืกืฃ, ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœื•ื. ื‘ืœื™ืœ ื”ืกื“ืจ ืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ืœื—ื ืขื•ื ื™, ื›ื™ ืื“ื ืขื ื™ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืืžืช ื‘ืŸ ื—ื•ืจื™ืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ืœื›ืœื•ื. ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืœื™ืœ ื”ื—ื™ืจื•ืช - ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ื ืขื•ื ื™.

ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ืœืื™ื•ื‘, ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ืื ื—ื ื• ืชืžื™ื“ ื ื”ื™ื” ืœื‘ื“, ืืœื ืฉืœื ื• ื ื™ืชื ืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ืื™ื–ื” 'ืœื‘ื“' ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช: "ืื™ื›ื” ื™ืฉื‘ื” ื‘ื“ื“", ืื• "ืขื ืœื‘ื“ื“ ื™ืฉื›ื•ืŸ" 10 . ื•ื›ืš ืื•ืžืจืช ื”ื’ืžืจื 11 :
ืื™ื›ื” ื™ืฉื‘ื” ื‘ื“ื“, ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ืžืคื ื™ ืžื” ืœืงื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืื™ื›ื” ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืขื‘ืจื• ืขืœ ืฉืœืฉื™ื ื•ืฉืฉ ื›ืจื™ืชื•ืช ืฉื‘ืชื•ืจื”. ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ืžืคื ื™ ืžื” ืœืงื• ื‘ืืœ"ืฃ ื‘ื™"ืช, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืขื‘ืจื• ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื ื™ืชื ื” ื‘ืืœ"ืฃ ื‘ื™"ืช. ื™ืฉื‘ื” ื‘ื“ื“, ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ืืžืจ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืื ื™ ืืžืจืชื™ ื•ื™ืฉื›ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื˜ื— ื‘ื“ื“ ืขื™ืŸ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืืœ ืืจืฅ ื“ื’ืŸ ื•ืชื™ืจื•ืฉ ืืฃ ืฉืžื™ื• ื™ืขืจืคื• ื˜ืœ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื“ื“ ืžื•ืฉื‘ื

ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ: ืื ื™ ืืžืจืชื™ "ื•ื™ืฉื›ื•ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื˜ื— ื‘ื“ื“", ื•ื–ื”ื• ื‘ื“ื“ ืขื ื›ื— ื•ืขื•ืฆืžื”, ื›ืš ืฉ"ื•ืจืื• ื›ืœ ืขืžื™ ื”ืืจืฅ ื›ื™ ืฉื ื”' ื ืงืจื ืขืœื™ืš, ื•ื™ืจืื• ืžืžืš" 12 . ืื‘ืœ ืืชื ืœื ื‘ื™ืงืฉืชื ืžื” ืฉืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœืชืช ืœื›ื, ืื– ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื ื‘ื“ื“ ืื—ืจ.

ืขืœ ื”ืคืกื•ืง 'ื”ืŸ ืขื ืœื‘ื“ื“ ื™ืฉื›ื•ืŸ' ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื”ื’ืจ"ื: ื›ืžืขื˜ ืœื›ืœ ืื•ืช ื‘ื"ื‘ ื™ืฉ ื‘ืŸ ื–ื•ื’. ื‘ืŸ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืืœ"ืฃ ื”ื•ื ื˜ื™"ืช, ืฉืœ ื‘' - ื—', ืฉืœ ื’ - ื–, ืฉืœ ื“ - ื•, ื•ื”ืื•ืช ื”"ื ื ืฉืืจืช ื‘ืœื™ ื‘ืŸ ื–ื•ื’. ื›ืš ื’ื ื‘ืขืฉืจื•ืช - ื™' ืขื ืฆ' ื•ื›ื•', ื•ื”ืื•ืช ื ื•"ืŸ ื ืฉืืจืช ืœื‘ื“. ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื”ืžืื•ืช - ืงื•"ืฃ ืขื“ ืชื™"ื• - ื•ืื—ืจื™ื”ืŸ ื—ืžืฉ ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืกื•ืคื™ื•ืช, ื•ืื– ื™ื•ืฆื ืฉื”ืื•ืช ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื” ื‘ืŸ ื–ื•ื’ ื”ื™ื ื›"ืฃ ืกื•ืคื™ืช. ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื”"ื, ื ื•"ืŸ ื•ื›"ืฃ ื™ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ื ืš - " ื”ื ืš ื™ืคื” ืจืขื™ืชื™". ืื•ืžืจ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ: ืžืชื™ ืืช ื™ืคื” ืจืขื™ืชื™? ื›ืฉืืช ืœื‘ื“, ื›ืฉืืช ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืฉื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉื‘ืš ืฉืื™ื ืš ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืขืžื™ื. ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื‘ื“ ืžืชื•ืš ืขื•ืฆืžื” ื•ื—ื•ื–ืง ื•ืืคืฉืจ ื—ืœื™ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื‘ื“ ืžืชื•ืš ื—ื•ืœืฉื”. ื”ื‘ืจื™ืจื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื ื•.
ื‘ื›ืš ืขื•ืกืง ื”ืคืจืง ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžื’ื™ืœืช ืื™ื›ื”, ืฉื›ื•ืชืจืชื• "ืื™ื›ื” ื™ืฉื‘ื” ื‘ื“ื“".

'ืฉืชื ืชืคื™ืœืชื™' ืื• 'ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”' ืœืงื•ื•ื™ื•'?
ืžื›ืืŸ ืื ื• ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืคืจืง ื’', ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ ื›ืืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืชืงื•ืคืชื• ืฉืœ ื™ื”ื•ื™ืงื™ื. ื”ืคืจืง ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืงืฉื” ืฉืœ ื™ืจืžื™ื”ื• ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ืงื‘"ื”:
ืึฒื ึดื™ ื”ึทื’ึผึถื‘ึถืจ ืจึธืึธื” ืขึณื ึดื™ ื‘ึผึฐืฉืึตื‘ึถื˜ ืขึถื‘ึฐืจึธืชื•ึน: ืื•ึนืชึดื™ ื ึธื”ึทื’ ื•ึทื™ึผืœึทืšึฐ ื—ึนืฉืึถืšึฐ ื•ึฐืœึนื ืื•ึนืจ: ืึทืšึฐ ื‘ึผึดื™ ื™ึธืฉืึปื‘ ื™ึทื”ึฒืคืšึฐ ื™ึธื“ื•ึน ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื: ื‘ึผึดืœึผึธื” ื‘ึฐืฉื‚ึธืจึดื™ ื•ึฐืขื•ึนืจึดื™ ืฉืึดื‘ึผึทืจ ืขึทืฆึฐืžื•ึนืชึธื™: ื‘ึผึธื ึธื” ืขึธืœึทื™ ื•ึทื™ึผึทืงึผึทืฃ ืจืืฉื ื•ึผืชึฐืœึธืึธื”: ื‘ึผึฐืžึทื—ึฒืฉืึทื›ึผึดื™ื ื”ื•ึนืฉืึดื™ื‘ึทื ึดื™ ื›ึผึฐืžึตืชึตื™ ืขื•ึนืœึธื: ื’ึผึธื“ึทืจ ื‘ึผึทืขึฒื“ึดื™ ื•ึฐืœึนื ืึตืฆึตื ื”ึดื›ึฐื‘ึผึดื™ื“ ื ึฐื—ึธืฉืึฐืชึผึดื™: ื’ึผึทื ื›ึผึดื™ ืึถื–ึฐืขึทืง ื•ึทืึฒืฉืึทื•ึผึตืขึท ืฉื‚ึธืชึทื ืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธืชึดื™ : ื’ึผึธื“ึทืจ ื“ึผึฐืจึธื›ึทื™ ื‘ึผึฐื’ึธื–ึดื™ืช ื ึฐืชึดื™ื‘ื•ึนืชึทื™ ืขึดื•ึผึธื”: ื™ ื“ึผื‘ ืืจึตื‘ ื”ื•ึผื ืœึดื™ ืึฒืจึดื™ ื‘ึผึฐืžึดืกึฐืชึผึธืจึดื™ื: ื“ึผึฐืจึธื›ึทื™ ืกื•ึนืจึตืจ ื•ึทื™ึฐืคึทืฉึผืึฐื—ึตื ึดื™ ืฉื‚ึธืžึทื ึดื™ ืฉืื•ึนืžึตื: ื“ึผึธืจึทืšึฐ ืงึทืฉืึฐืชึผื•ึน ื•ึทื™ึผึทืฆึผึดื™ื‘ึตื ึดื™ ื›ึผึทืžึผึทื˜ึผึธืจึธื ืœึทื—ึตืฅ: ื”ึตื‘ึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐื›ึดืœึฐื™ืชึธื™ ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ืึทืฉืึฐืคึผึธืชื•ึน: ื”ึธื™ึดื™ืชึดื™ ืฉึผื‚ึฐื—ึนืง ืœึฐื›ึธืœ ืขึทืžึผึดื™ ื ึฐื’ึดื™ื ึธืชึธื ื›ึผึธืœ-ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื: ื”ึดืฉื‚ึฐื‘ึผึดื™ืขึทื ึดื™ ื‘ึทืžึผึฐืจื•ึนืจึดื™ื ื”ึดืจึฐื•ึทื ึดื™ ืœึทืขึฒื ึธื”: ื•ึทื™ึผึทื’ึฐืจึตืก ื‘ึผึถื—ึธืฆึธืฅ ืฉืึดื ึผึธื™ ื”ึดื›ึฐืคึผึดื™ืฉืึทื ึดื™ ื‘ึผึธืึตืคึถืจ: ื•ึทืชึผึดื–ึฐื ึทื— ืžึดืฉึผืึธืœื•ึนื ื ึทืคึฐืฉืึดื™ ื ึธืฉืึดื™ืชึดื™ ื˜ื•ึนื‘ึธื”: ื•ึธืืžึทืจ ืึธื‘ึทื“ ื ึดืฆึฐื—ึดื™ ื•ึฐืชื•ึนื—ึทืœึฐืชึผึดื™ ืžึตื”': ื–ึฐื›ึธืจ ืขึธื ึฐื™ึดื™ ื•ึผืžึฐืจื•ึผื“ึดื™ ืœึทืขึฒื ึธื” ื•ึธืจืืฉื: ื› ื–ึธื›ื•ึนืจ ืชึผึดื–ึฐื›ึผื•ึนืจ ื•ึฐืชึธืฉืื•ึนื—ึท ืขึธืœึทื™ ื ึทืคึฐืฉืึดื™:

ืื™ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืชื "ืš ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ื ื›ื” ืงืฉื™ื ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ืงื‘"ื” , ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉืœื ืžืคื™ ื ื‘ื™ื - "ื“ื•ื‘ ืื•ืจื‘ ื”ื•ื ืœื™ ืืจื™ ื‘ืžืกืชืจื™ื", "ื“ืจืš ืงืฉืชื• ื•ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื ื™ ื›ืžื˜ืจื” ืœื—ืฅ". ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื—ืจื™ืคื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื›ืฉื”ื ื ืืžืจื™ื ืžืคื™ ื ื‘ื™ื.

ื•ื”ื ื” ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืคืจืง ืžืชื—ื•ืœืœ ืžื”ืคืš:
ื–ืืช ืึธืฉืึดื™ื‘ ืึถืœ ืœึดื‘ึผึดื™ ืขึทืœ ื›ึผึตืŸ ืื•ึนื—ึดื™ืœ: ื—ึทืกึฐื“ึผึตื™ ื”' ื›ึผึดื™ ืœึนื ืชึธืžึฐื ื•ึผ ื›ึผึดื™ ืœึนื ื›ึธืœื•ึผ ืจึทื—ึฒืžึธื™ื•: ื—ึฒื“ึธืฉืึดื™ื ืœึทื‘ึผึฐืงึธืจึดื™ื ืจึทื‘ึผึธื” ืึฑืžื•ึผื ึธืชึถืšึธ: ื—ึถืœึฐืงึดื™ ื”' ืึธืžึฐืจึธื” ื ึทืคึฐืฉืึดื™ ืขึทืœ ื›ึผึตืŸ ืื•ึนื—ึดื™ืœ ืœื•ึน: ื˜ื•ึนื‘ ื”' ืœึฐืงื•ึนึธื• ืœึฐื ึถืคึถืฉื ืชึผึดื“ึฐืจึฐืฉืึถื ึผื•ึผ: ื˜ื•ึนื‘ ื•ึฐื™ึธื—ึดื™ืœ ื•ึฐื“ื•ึผืžึธื ืœึดืชึฐืฉืื•ึผืขึทืช ื”': ... ืžึดื™ ื–ึถื” ืึธืžึทืจ ื•ึทืชึผึถื”ึดื™ ื”' ืœึนื ืฆึดื•ึผึธื”: ืžึดืคึผึดื™ ืขึถืœึฐื™ื•ึนืŸ ืœึนื ืชึตืฆึตื ื”ึธืจึธืขื•ึนืช ื•ึฐื”ึทื˜ึผื•ึนื‘: ืžึทื” ื™ึผึดืชึฐืื•ึนื ึตืŸ ืึธื“ึธื ื—ึทื™ ื’ึผึถื‘ึถืจ ืขึทืœ ื—ึฒื˜ึธืึธื™ื•: ื ึทื—ึฐืคึผึฐืฉื‚ึธื” ื“ึฐืจึธื›ึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื•ึฐื ึทื—ึฐืงืจึธื” ื•ึฐื ึธืฉืื•ึผื‘ึธื” ืขึทื“ ื”': ื ึดืฉึผื‚ึธื ืœึฐื‘ึธื‘ึตื ื•ึผ ืึถืœ ื›ึผึทืคึผึธื™ึดื ืึถืœ ืึตืœ ื‘ึผึทืฉึผืึธืžึธื™ึดื: ื ึทื—ึฐื ื•ึผ ืคึธืฉืึทืขึฐื ื•ึผ ื•ึผืžึธืจึดื™ื ื•ึผ ืึทืชึผึธื” ืœึนื ืกึธืœึธื—ึฐืชึผึธ:

ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ ื—ืœืงื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจืง ืขื ื—ืœืงื• ื”ืฉื ื™? "ื’ื ื›ื™ ืื–ืขืง ื•ืืฉื•ื•ืข ืฉืชื ืชืคื™ืœืชื™", ืื• "ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”' ืœืงื•ื•ื™ื• ืœื ืคืฉ ืชื“ืจืฉื ื•"? "ื“ื•ื‘ ืื•ืจื‘ ื”ื•ื ืœื™" ืื• "ืžืคื™ ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืœื ืชืฆื ื”ืจืขื•ืช ื•ื”ื˜ื•ื‘"?

ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื—ื–"ืœ ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ 13 :
ื–ืืช ืืฉื•ื‘ ืืœ ืœื‘ื™ ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืื•ื—ื™ืœ ืœื• - ืจื‘ื™ ืื‘ื ื‘ืจ ื›ื”ื ื ื‘ืฉื ืจ' ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ืืžืจ ืžืฉืœ ืœืžื” ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ืžื”, ืœืžืœืš ืฉื ืฉื ืžื˜ืจื•ื ื” ื•ื›ืชื‘ ืœื” ื›ืชื•ื‘ื” ืžืจื•ื‘ื” ื•ืืžืจ ืœื” ื›ืš ื•ื›ืš ื—ื•ืคื•ืช ืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ืœืš, ื›ืš ื•ื›ืš ืืจื’ื•ื•ื ื•ืช (ืžืชื ื•ืช) ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืื ื™ ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœืš. ื”ื ื™ื—ื” ื”ืžืœืš ื•ื”ืœืš ืœื• ืœืžื“ื™ื ืช ื”ื™ื ื•ืื™ื—ืจ ืฉื. ื ื›ื ืกื• ืฉื›ื ื•ืชื™ื” ืืฆืœื” ื•ื”ื™ื• ืžืงื ื™ื˜ื•ืช ืื•ืชื” ื•ืื•ืžืจื•ืช ืœื” - ื”ื ื™ื—ืš ื”ืžืœืš ื•ื”ืœืš ืœื• ืœืžื“ื™ื ืช ื”ื™ื ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืืœื™ื™ืš, ื•ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ื•ื›ื” ื•ืžืชืื ื—ืช. ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื›ื ืกื” ืœืชื•ืš ื‘ื™ืชื” ืคื•ืชื—ืช ื•ืžื•ืฆื™ืื” ื›ืชื•ื‘ืชื” ื•ืงื•ืจืืช ื•ืจื•ืื” ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘ืชื” ื›ืš ื•ื›ืš ื—ื•ืคื•ืช ืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ื›ืš ื•ื›ืš ืืจื’ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืื ื™ ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœืš, ืžื™ื“ ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืชื ื—ืžืช.
ืœื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื ื”ืžืœืš ืืžืจ ืœื” ื‘ืชื™ ืื ื™ ืชืžื”, ืื™ืš ื”ืžืชื ืช ื›ืœ ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื? ืืžืจื” ืœื• ืื“ื•ื ื™ ื”ืžืœืš, ืืœืžืœื™ ื›ืชื•ื‘ื” ืžืจื•ื‘ื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ืช ื•ื ืชืช ืœื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ืื™ื‘ื“ื•ื ื™ ืฉื›ื ื•ืชื™. ื›ืš ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ืžื•ื ื™ื ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื”ื ืืœื”ื™ื›ื ื”ืกืชื™ืจ ืคื ื™ื• ืžื›ื ื•ืกื™ืœืง ืฉื›ื™ื ืชื• ืžื›ื ืขื•ื“ ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืืœื™ื›ื, ื•ื”ื ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื ื•ืžืชืื ื—ื™ื. ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœื‘ืชื™ ื›ื ืกื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื‘ืชื™ ืžื“ืจืฉื•ืช ื•ืงื•ืจืื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ ื•ื ืชืชื™ ืžืฉื›ื ื™ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื›ื ื•ื”ืชื”ืœื›ืชื™ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื›ื ื•ื”ื ืžืชื ื—ืžื™ื. ืœืžื—ืจ ื›ืฉื™ื‘ื ืงืฅ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ืื•ืžืจ ืœื”ื ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืื ื™ ืชืžื” ืžื›ื ื”ื™ืืš ื”ืžืชื ืชื ืœื™ ื›ืœ ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื, ื•ื”ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœืคื ื™ื• ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื, ืื™ืœื•ืœื™ ืชื•ืจืชืš ืฉื ืชืช ืœื ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืื™ื‘ื“ื•ื ื• ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช.
ืœื›ืš ื ืืžืจ ื–ืืช ืืฉื•ื‘ ืืœ ืœื‘ื™, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื–ืืช ืืœื ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื ืืžืจ ื•ื–ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื•ื›ืŸ ื“ื•ื“ ืืžืจ ืœื•ืœื™ ืชื•ืจืชืš ืฉืขืฉื•ืขื™ ืื– ืื‘ื“ืชื™ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™, ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืื•ื—ื™ืœ ืœื• ื•ืžื™ื—ื“ื™ื ืฉืžื• ืฉืชื™ ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืžืข ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”' ืืœื•ืงื™ื ื• ื”' ืื—ื“:

ื™ืจืžื™ื”ื• ื‘ื ืœืœืžื“ ืื•ืชื ื•: ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืฉืื•ืœ, ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉืืœื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืช; ืืœื ืฉื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ: ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื ืžืฆื ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื. ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืงื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฆื“, ื›ื™ ืื– ื ืจืื” "ืื•ืชื™ ื ื™ื”ื’ ื•ื™ื•ืœื™ื›ื•ื ื™", "ื’ื ื›ื™ ืื–ืขืง ื•ืืฉื•ื•ืข ืฉืชื ืชืคื™ืœืชื™", "ื“ื•ื‘ ืื•ืจื‘ ื”ื•ื ืœื™". ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื ื—ืจื‘ืช, ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื—ืจื‘, ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืฉืฉ ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืœื’ืœื•ืช 14 . ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœ ื›ืžื”ืœืš ืื—ื“, ื›ืฉืžื—ื–ื™ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื” - ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœื‘ืชื™ ื›ื ืกื™ื•ืช - ื•ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉ"ืืชื” ื‘ื—ืจืชื ื•", "ื”ืžื‘ื“ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืขืžื™ื", ืื– ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื›ื— ืœืฉืจื•ื“ ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื™ืฉื•ืขื”. ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืจืš ื‘ืœืขื ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ื•ืœื ื—ื–ืจื• ืœืงืœืœื”, ื—ื•ืฅ ืž"ืžื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื• ืื”ืœื™ืš ื™ืขืงื‘ ืžืฉื›ื ื•ืชื™ืš ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืœื• ื‘ืชื™ ื›ื ืกื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืชื™ ืžื“ืจืฉื•ืช" 15 , ืฉื ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื”, ืœืคืชื•ื— ื•ืœืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”, ื•ื”ื™ื ื–ื• ืฉื ื•ืชื ืช ืืช ื”ื›ื— ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืงืฉื™ื™ื.

ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื” - ืžื“ื•ืข 'ืœืงืœืงืœ' ืืช ื”ื ื—ืžื”?
ื›ืš ืžืกืชื™ื™ืžืช ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื”:
ืขึทืœ ื–ึถื” ื”ึธื™ึธื” ื“ึธื•ึถื” ืœึดื‘ึผึตื ื•ึผ ืขึทืœ ืึตืœึผึถื” ื—ึธืฉืึฐื›ื•ึผ ืขึตื™ื ึตื™ื ื•ึผ: ืขึทืœ ื”ึทืจ ืฆึดื™ึผื•ึนืŸ ืฉืึถืฉึผืึธืžึตื ืฉืื•ึผืขึธืœึดื™ื ื”ึดืœึผึฐื›ื•ึผ ื‘ื•ึน: ืึทืชึผึธื” ื”' ืœึฐืขื•ึนืœึธื ืชึผึตืฉืึตื‘ ื›ึผึดืกึฐืึฒืšึธ ืœึฐื“ืจ ื•ึธื“ื•ึนืจ: ืœึธืžึผึธื” ืœึธื ึถืฆึทื— ืชึผึดืฉืึฐื›ึผึธื—ึตื ื•ึผ ืชึผึทืขึทื–ึฐื‘ึตื ื•ึผ ืœึฐืืจึถืšึฐ ื™ึธืžึดื™ื: ื”ึฒืฉืึดื™ื‘ึตื ื•ึผ ื”' ืึตืœึถื™ืšึธ ื•ึฐื ึธืฉืื•ึผื‘ึธื” ื—ึทื“ึผึตืฉื ื™ึธืžึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื›ึผึฐืงึถื“ึถื: ื›ึผึดื™ ืึดื ืžึธืืก ืžึฐืึทืกึฐืชึผึธื ื•ึผ ืงึธืฆึทืคึฐืชึผึธ ืขึธืœึตื™ื ื•ึผ ืขึทื“ ืžึฐืื“:

ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ, ืื ื• ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืœืกื™ื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื ื—ืžื”; ื•ื”ื ื”, ืžื’ื™ืœืช ืื™ื›ื” ื›ื•ืœื” ื”ื™ื ืžื’ื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ืคื•ืจืขื ื•ืช ื•ืฆืขืจ, ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื™ืฉ ืžืกืคืจ ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื ื—ืžื” "ืืชื” ื”' ืœืขื•ืœื ืชืฉื‘... ื”ืฉื™ื‘ื ื• ื”' ืืœื™ืš ื•ื ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื—ื“ืฉ ื™ืžื™ื ื• ื›ืงื“ื", ืืš ื”ืคืกื•ืง ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื‘ ืคืกื•ืง ืฉืœ ืคื•ืจืขื ื•ืช "ื›ื™ ืื ืžืืก ืžืืกืชื ื•, ืงืฆืคืช ืขืœื™ื ื• ืขื“ ืžืื“". ืžื“ื•ืข 'ืœืงืœืงืœ', ื•ืœื ืœืกื™ื™ื ื‘ื ื—ืžื”? ื”ืคืกื•ืง ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื›ืœ ื›ืš 'ืžืคืจื™ืข' ืœื ื• ืขื“ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืคืกื•ืง "ื”ืฉื™ื‘ื ื• ื”' ืืœื™ืš ื•ื ืฉื•ื‘ื”".

ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื™ื ื—ื–"ืœ ืฉื™ืจืžื™ื”ื• ืื™ื ื• ืžืชื›ื•ื™ืŸ ื—ืœื™ืœื” ืœืกื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื‘ื˜ืขื ืจืข. "ื›ื™ ืื ืžืื•ืก ืžืืกืชื ื•, ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ืœืงื™ืฉ ืื ืžืื™ืกื” ื”ื™ื ืœื™ืช ืกื‘ืจ, ื•ืื ืงืฆื™ืคื” ื”ื™ื ืื™ืช ืกื‘ืจ, ื“ื›ืœ ืžืืŸ ื“ื›ืขื™ืก ืกื•ืคื™ื” ืœืืชืจืฆื™ื™ื”" 16 . ืื ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืืก ื‘ื ื• ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืจืง ื›ื•ืขืก ื™ืฉ ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ, ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื›ื•ืขืก - ื ืจื’ืข ื‘ืกื•ืฃ. ืืช ื”ืคืกื•ืง ื™ืฉ ืœืงืจื•ื ื›ืš: ื”ืงื‘"ื”, ื›ื™ ืื ืžืืก ืžืืกืชื ื•? ื•ื›ื™ ืžืืกืช ื‘ื ื•, ืกื’ืจืช ืืช ื”ื“ืœืช ืœื’ืžืจื™? ื—ืœื™ืœื”! ืจืง "ืงืฆืคืช ืขืœื™ื ื• ืขื“ ืžืื•ื“", ื•ืื ื›ืš ื–ื” ืœื ื ื•ืจื, ื”ื›ืขืก ืขื•ื“ ื™ืขื‘ื•ืจ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื• ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื "ื”ืฉื™ื‘ื ื• ื”' ืืœื™ืš ื•ื ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื—ื“ืฉ ื™ืžื™ื ื• ื›ืงื“ื.

ื”ืžืคืชื— ืœืฆืืช ืžื”ืžื™ืฆืจ - ืื™ื™ื›ื”?
ื—ื–"ืœ 17 ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืฉืœืฉื” ื ืชื ื‘ืื• ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืื™ื›ื”: ืžืฉื”, ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ื•ื™ืจืžื™ื”ื•. ืžืฉื” ืืžืจ 'ืื™ื›ื” ืืฉื ืœื‘ื“ื™', ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ืืžืจ 'ืื™ื›ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื–ื•ื ื”', ื•ื™ืจืžื™ื” ืืžืจ 'ืื™ื›ื” ื™ืฉื‘ื” ื‘ื“ื“'. ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช 'ืื™ื›ื”' ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ - ื‘ืฉืืœืช ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœืื“ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ "ืื™ื›ื”" - ืื™ืคื” ืืชื”? ืื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืฆืืช ืž"ืื™ื›ื” ื™ืฉื‘ื” ื‘ื“ื“", ื›ืœ ืื“ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืืช ืขืฆืžื•: ืื™ื™ื›ื”? ื”ืื ืืชื” ืžืกืชืชืจ ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืขืฅ, ืื• ื™ื•ื“ืข ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืžื•ืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื™ืฉืจ?

ืคืจืง ื’' ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘" ืื ื™ ื”ื’ื‘ืจ". ื›ืฉืื“ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ื”ื–ื• ื‘ืื•ืช ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื•ืช, ื•ืžื’ื™ืข ื”ืจื™ื—ื•ืง. ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉืื“ื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืข, ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืฉืื•ืœ ื•ืœื•ืžืจ 'ืื ื™ ื”ื’ื‘ืจ' ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• 'ืื™ื™ื›ื”', ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืื ื™ ื ืžืฆื ื•ืžื” ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ื•ื ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœ"ื›ึผึดื™ ื ึดื—ึทื ื”' ืฆึดื™ึผื•ึนืŸ ื ึดื—ึทื ื›ึผึธืœ ื—ึธืจึฐื‘ืชึถื™ื”ึธ ื•ึทื™ึผึธืฉื‚ึถื ืžึดื“ึฐื‘ึผึธืจึธื”ึผ ื›ึผึฐืขึตื“ึถืŸ ื•ึฐืขึทืจึฐื‘ึธืชึธื”ึผ ื›ึผึฐื’ึทืŸ ื”', ืฉื‚ึธืฉื‚ื•ึนืŸ ื•ึฐืฉื‚ึดืžึฐื—ึธื” ื™ึดืžึผึธืฆึตื ื‘ึธื”ึผ ืชึผื•ึนื“ึธื” ื•ึฐืงื•ึนืœ ื–ึดืžึฐืจึธื”" 18 .

ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื• ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœื™ืžื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื, ืชืžื™ื“ ื ื–ื›ื•ืจ ืฉื”ื“ืจืš ืœืฆืืช ืžื”ืžื™ืฆืจ ื”ื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื•ืœืฉืื•ืœ: ืื™ื™ื›ื”.


^ 1 ื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืคื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ื• ืœืคื™ ื”ืกื“ืจ, ืœืžืขื˜ ื”ืื•ืช ืขื™"ืŸ ืฉืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืื•ืช ืค"ื”.
^ 2 ืžืœื›ื™ื ื‘ ื›ื’, ื›ื”.
^ 3 ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื‘, ืœื” ื›-ื›ื”.
^ 4 ืชืขื ื™ืช ื›ื‘ ืข"ื‘.
^ 5 ืžืœื›ื™ื ื‘, ื›ื’, ืœื–.
^ 6 ืคืจืง ืœ"ื•.
^ 7 ืคืจืง ื.
^ 8 ืคืจืง ื™ื˜, ื™ื’-ื™ื—.
^ 9 ืœ, ื˜.
^ 10 ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื’, ื˜.
^ 11 ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ื ืงื“ ืข"ื.
^ 12 ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ื—, ื™.
^ 13 ืื™ื›ื” ืจื‘ื”, ื’, ื–.
^ 14 ืœืคื™ ื”ื’ืžืจื ื‘ื’ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ื•ืœืคื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื™ื•ืกืคื•ืก ืคืœื‘ื™ื•ืก.
^ 15 ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืงื” ืข"ื‘.
^ 16 ืื™ื›ื” ืจื‘ื” ื”, ื›ื‘.
^ 17 ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืื™ื›ื” ืจื‘ื”.
^ 18 ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ื ื, ื’.

ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
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ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
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