ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืžืฉื ื” ื•ื’ืžืจื
  • ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ื‘ืœื™
  • ืคืกื—ื™ื
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
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37 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”

ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืœื”ืฆืœื—ืช

ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ

ื›ื”. ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช
ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืื•ืจื—ื™ื ืื• ืžืฉื•ื ืคืจืกื•ื ื•ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”ืฉื ื‘ืจื‘ื™ื

ื‘ื’ืž' 'ืœืžื” ืœื™ ืœืงื“ื•ืฉื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ ื›ื ื™ืฉืชื', ื•ื‘ืชื•ืก' ื“"ื” ื™ื“ื™ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ

ื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ืชื•ืก' [ืง: ื“"ื” ื™ื“ื™ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ] ืฉืื ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืจื—ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืื™ืŸ ืœืงื“ืฉ, ื“ื”ื•ื™ ื‘ืจื›ื” ืœื‘ื˜ืœื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ืจื"ืฉ [ื‘ืกื™ืžืŸ ื”] ื•ื”ื˜ื•ืจ [ื‘ืกื™ืžืŸ ืจืกื˜], ื•ืกื™ื™ื ื‘ื–ื” ื”ื˜ื•ืจ ืฉื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืœื™ื›ื ืื•ืจื—ื™ื, ืจืื•ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืฉืœื ืœืงื“ืฉ, ื•ืื™ ืื™ื™ืฉืจ ื—ื™ืœื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื™ื ื™ื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ ื”ืื™ ืฉืื ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืจื—ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืžืงื“ืฉื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ื”ื›"ื .
ืืžื ื ื”ืจ"ืŸ [ื›. ื‘ื“ืคื™ ื”ืจื™"ืฃ] ื›ืชื‘ ืฉืžืงื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืืข"ืค ืฉืื™ืŸ ืขืชื” ืื•ืจื—ื™ื ืฉืื•ื›ืœื™ื ืฉื, ืฉื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืžืขื™ืงืจื ืืชืงื•ืŸ ืžืฉื•ื ืื•ืจื—ื™ื, ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ืฉืชืงื ื•ืช ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืงื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืŸ, ื•ื›ื“ืืฉื›ื—ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ืžืขื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืข, ื“ืืฃ ื“ืชืงื ื•ื” ืžืฉื•ื ืขื ืฉื‘ืฉื“ื•ืช, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื’ื ื‘ื“ืœื™ืชื ืœื”ืื™ ื˜ืขืžื ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ื“ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืื™ืชืงืŸ ืื™ืชืงืŸ, ืขื™ื™"ืฉ, ื•ื›ืขื™"ื– ื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ืžื”ืจ"ื ื—ืœืื•ื” ื•ื”ืžืื™ืจื™ [ื›ืืŸ], ื•ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื [ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ื—"ื ืกื™ืžืŸ ืœื– ื•ืกื™ืžืŸ ืฉื›ื’], ื•ื”ื•ื‘ืื” ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื–ื• ื‘ื‘"ื™ ืจื™ืฉ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืจืกื˜. [ื•ืขืค"ื– ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืฉื•"ืข ืฉื ื“ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœืงื“ืฉ ื‘ื‘ื™ื”ื›ื "ืก ืืข"ื’ ื“ืœื ืื›ืœื™ ืื•ืจื—ื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ ื›ื ื™ืฉืชื, ื“ืœื ื‘ื˜ืœื” ื”ืชืงื ื”, ื•ืขื™' ื‘ืžืฉื "ื‘ (ืฉื ืก"ืง ื”) ื“ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืœืงื“ืฉ ื‘ื‘ื™ื”ื›ื "ืก ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื•ื™ื•"ื˜. ื•ืžื ื”ื’ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืœื ืœืงื“ืฉ, ื•ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืฉื•"ืข ืฉื].
ื• ื”ื‘"ื— [ื‘ืกื™ืžืŸ ืจืกื˜] ื›ืชื‘ ืœื“ื—ื•ืช, ืฉืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืชืงื ืช ื—ื–"ืœ ืœืงื“ืฉ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืœืืคื•ืงื™ ืื•ืจื—ื™ื, ืืœื ืžืขืฆืžื ื ื”ื’ื• ื”ืขื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืœืงื“ืฉ ื‘ื‘ื™ื”ื›ื "ืก ืžืฉื•ื ืื•ืจื—ื™ื, [ื•ืขื™' ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ื—ืช"ืก ืื•"ื— ืกื•"ืก ืงืžื’ ืžื” ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืขื“"ื– ืžืฉื•"ืช ืฉื‘ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืฉืจืฆื” ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืžื”ื’ืžืจื ื“ืœื ื›ืจ"ืŸ, ื•ืขื™' ื‘ื—ืช"ืก ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื‘ื–ื”], ื•ืขื™ื™"ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื‘"ื— ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื˜ืขื ื“ื’ื ื”ืื™ื“ื ื ืžืงื“ืฉื™ื, ื•ื‘ื˜"ื– ื•ืžื’ืŸ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉื. [ื•ืขื™' ื‘ืงื”ืœื•ืช ื™ืขืงื‘ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืกื™ืžืŸ ื›ื˜ ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื‘ื–ื”].
ื•ื™ืฉ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืื•ืจ ื–ืจื•ืข [ื‘ืกื™ืžืŸ ืชืฉื ื‘], ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืฉืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ื‘ื™ื”ื›ื "ืก ืื™ื ื• ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืื›ื™ืœื”, ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจื• ืœื ื ืชืงืŸ ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืื•ืจื—ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืจื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืฉืžื•ืืœ, ืืœื ืžืฉื•ื ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ืจื‘ื™ื ื ืชืงืŸ, ื“ืชืงื ืช ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื•ื”ืืžื•ืจืื™ื ื”ื™ื ืœืงื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื•ื™ื•"ื˜ ื•ืœื”ืขื™ื“ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื–ื” ืฉื™ื•ื ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื”ื•ื, ืขื™ื™"ืฉ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืฉื”ืชืงื ื” ืœื•ืžืจ 'ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื•' ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื“ื•ืงื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ืŸ, ืืš ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ืก [ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœื•ืžืจ ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื•], ื•ืื—ืจ ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื›ื” ืื—ืช ืžืขื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืข. ื•ื›ืชื‘ ืฉืจืง ืื—"ื› ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื• ืœื•ืžืจ 'ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื•' ื‘ืงื•ืœ ืจื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืืžืจื• ืชืœืชื ื–ื™ืžื ื™ ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื•, ืื‘ืœ ืžืขื™ืงืจื ืชื™ืงื ื• ืœื•ืžืจ ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื• ืจืง ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ืŸ, ื“ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉืชืงื ื• ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืฉื‘ืช, ื•ื”ื™ื›ื ื“ืœื™ื›ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืœื™ื›ื ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ, ืชื™ืงื ื• ืœื•ืžืจ ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ.
ื•ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื”ืื•ืจ ื–ืจื•ืข ืฉื ื“ื”ื ื“ืžืงืฉื” ื‘ื’ืžืจื 'ืœืžื” ืœื™ ืœืงื“ื•ืฉื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ ื›ื ื™ืฉืชื', ื–ื”ื• ืจืง ืœืžื” ืžืงื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ ื›ื ื™ืฉืชื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ื”, ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื‘ืœืื• ื”ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืข"ื™ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื–ื” ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืืœื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืกืขื•ื“ื”, ื•ืžืฉื ื™ ืœืืคื•ืงื™ ืื•ืจื—ื™ื, ื“ืืฃ ื“ืœื ื ืชืงืŸ ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืžืฉื•ื ื”ืื•ืจื—ื™ื, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืื™ ื ืชื›ื•ื™ืŸ ืœืฆืืช ื‘ื• ืžืืŸ ื“ืœื ืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ื”, ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ื•, ืืš ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืœื ื‘ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืืœื ืœืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”ื™ื•ื ื•ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื™ื•ื, ืขื™ื™"ืฉ.
ื•ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื‘ื—ืœืง ื‘ [ื”ืœ' ืขืจื‘ ืฉื‘ืช ืกื™ืžืŸ ื›] ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืื•ืจ ื–ืจื•ืข ืงืฆืช ื‘ืื•ืค"ื, ื“ืืข"ืค ืฉืชื—ื™ืœืช ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื–ื” ืœื ื‘ื ืืœื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืื•ืจื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื“ืืžืจื• ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืŸ, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ืจื’ืœื• ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื–ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ื”ื›"ื , ื ืขืฉื” ืขืœื™ื ื• ื›ืžื• ื—ื•ื‘ื”, ื•ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืื ื• ืœืงื“ืฉ ืชื“ื™ืจ ืืข"ืค ืฉื‘ื˜ืœื• ื”ืื•ืจื—ื™ื ืžื‘ื”ื›"ื , ืžื™ื“ื™ ื“ื”ื•ื” ืื‘ืจื›ื” ืื—ืช ืžืขื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืข, ืฉืื ื• ืžืชืคืœืœื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืจื‘ ืฉื‘ืช ืืข"ืค ืฉื‘ื™ื”ื›"ื  ืฉืœื ื• ืขืชื” ื‘ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื™ืš ื”ื˜ืขื ื“ืกื›ื ืช ืžื–ื™ืงื™ืŸ. (ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ืœืงื“ืฉ ื‘ื‘ื™ื”ื›"ื  ืืข"ืค ืฉืื™ืŸ ืื•ืจื—ื™ื, ื›ื“ืื™' ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื™ืจื•ืฆื• ื–ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืชื•ืช ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืข ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ. ื•ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื’ืื•ื ื™ื ืคื™ืจืฉื• ืฉืžื” ืฉืžืงื“ืฉื™ื ื–ื”ื• ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืจืคื•ืื”, ืขื™ื™"ืฉ).
ื’ื ื”'ืžื›ืชื' ื›ืืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืœื ื‘ื™ื˜ืœื• ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื‘ื“ืœื™ื›ื ืื•ืจื—ื™ื, ื–ื”ื• ื›ื“ืืฉื›ื—ืŸ ื‘ื›ืžื” ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืชื™ืงื ื• ืœื‘ืจืš ื•ืืžืจื• ืฉืืข"ืค ืฉื‘ื˜ืœ ื”ื˜ืขื ืœื ื‘ื˜ืœื” ื”ืชืงื ื”. ื•ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืฉื’ื ื™ืฉ ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืคืจืกื•ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”ืฉื, ื•ื”ื•ื“ืื” ืœืฉืžื• ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ืœื‘ืจื›ื• ื‘ืžืงื”ืœื•ืช, ื•ื›ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ 'ื‘ืžืงื”ืœื•ืช ื‘ืจื›ื• ืืœืงื™ื', ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ื” ื—ืฉืฉ ื‘ืจื›ื” ืœื‘ื˜ืœื”, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืกื“ืจื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ื” ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ืคื ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ื‘ืงื™ืื™ืŸ ื•ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ืงื™ืื™ืŸ. ื•ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื ื”ื’ื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืจืกื ื”ื ืก ื‘ืคื ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื, ื•ืœืกื“ืจ ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ื”ื, ื•ื’ื ืฉื™ืฆืื• ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืชืŸ ื”ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื‘ื™ืช ืœื‘ืจืš ืฉื, ืขื›ืช"ื“.
ื•ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื–ื” ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืฉืคืช ืืžืช ื›ืืŸ ืžื“ื ืคืฉื™ื”, ื“ืœื•ืœื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืก' [ื‘ื“"ื” ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืืœ] ื™"ืœ ื“ืงื•ืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื’ืžืจื 'ื•ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืœ"ืœ ืœืงื“ื•ืฉื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ ื›ื ื™ืฉืชื' ื”ื™ื ื“ื•ืงื ืœืฉืžื•ืืœ, ืืš ืœืจื‘ ืœื ืงืฉื” ืืžืื™ ืžืงื“ืฉ, ื“ื™"ืœ ื“ืžืงื“ืฉ ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื‘ืจื•ื‘ ืขื ื”ื“ืจืช ืžืœืš, ื•ื–ื” ืขื“ื™ืฃ ื˜ืคื™ ืžืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืฉื‘ื‘ื™ืชื•, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžืงื“ืฉื™ื ืืฃ ื“ื”ื“ืจ ืžืงื“ืฉ ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื•. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœืจื‘ ื ื™ื—"ืœ, ื“ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื™ืฉ ืขืœ ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืฉื 'ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ', ื•ืื™ื›ื ื”ื™ื“ื•ืจ ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื–ื”, ื•ื“ื•ืงื ืœืฉืžื•ืืœ ืžืงืฉื” ืฉื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืœืื• ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”ื•ื ื›ืœืœ, ืœืžื” ืžืงื“ืฉื™ื.


ื›ื•. ืื›ื™ืœืช ืื•ืจื—ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช

ื‘ื’ืž' 'ืœืืคื•ืงื™ ืื•ืจื—ื™ื ื™"ื— ื“ืื›ืœื• ื•ืฉืชื• ื•ื’ื ื• ื‘ื‘ื™ ื›ื ื™ืฉืชื'

ืืžืจื• ื‘ื’ืžืจื ืฉืžืงื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืื•ืจื—ื™ื ืฉืื•ื›ืœื™ื ื•ืฉื•ืชื™ื ื•ื™ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช, ื•ื›ืชื‘ื• ืชื•ืก' [ื“"ื” ื“ืื›ืœื•] ื“ื”ื ื“ืืžืจื• 'ื“ืื›ืœื• ื•ืฉืชื• ื‘ื‘ื™ ื›ื ื™ืฉืชื' ืœืื• ื“ื•ืงื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืขืฆืžื•, ืืœื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ื—ื“ืจื™ื ื”ืกืžื•ื›ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช, ื“ืื™ืœื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืขืฆืžื• ืืกื•ืจ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื•ืœืฉืชื•ืช. ืืžื ื ื”ืจ"ืŸ [ื™ื˜ ืกื•ืข"ื‘ ื‘ื“ืคื™ ื”ืจื™"ืฃ] ื›ืชื‘ ื“ืืคืฉืจ ืฉืื•ืจื—ื™ื ืžื•ืชืจื™ื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช, ืฉืžืฆื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ื ืฉืื•ื›ืœื™ื ืฉื ืžืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ืฆื“ืงื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ, ืขื™ื™"ืฉ. [ื•ื›ืขื™"ื– ื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ืžื”ืจ"ื ื—ืœืื•ื” ื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื“ื•ื“].
ืืžื ื ืœื ื ืชืคืจืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจ"ืŸ ืื™ืš ืจืฉืื™ื ื”ืื•ืจื—ื™ื ืขืฆืžื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืžื˜ืขื ื–ื”. ื•ื™ืฉ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจ"ืŸ ื‘ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื›ื—: [ื—. ื‘ื“ืคื™ ื”ืจื™"ืฃ] ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืฉื ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืค"ื, ื“ื”ื ื“ืืžืจื• ืฉื‘ืชื™ ื›ื ืกื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื‘ื‘ืœ ืขืœ ืชื ืื™ ื”ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉืื ื”ื•ืฆืจื›ื• ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืœื”ืื›ื™ืœ ื‘ื”ื ืขื ื™ื™ื ืื• ืœื”ืฉื›ื™ื‘ื ืฉื, ืžื•ืชืจ, ื•ื”"ื” ืœื›ืœ ืฆืจื›ื™ ืขื ื™ื™ื ืœืคื™ ืฉืขื”, ื•ื›ื“ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ื‘ืคืจืง ืขืจื‘ื™ ืคืกื—ื™ื 'ืœืืคื•ืงื™ ืขื ื™ื™ื [ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื“ืœื ื›ื“ืื™' ืœืคื ื™ื ื• 'ืื•ืจื—ื™ื'], ื“ืื›ืœื• ื•ืฉืชื• ื‘ื‘ื™ ื›ื ื™ืฉืชื ื•ื›ื•'', ืขื›ืช"ื“. [ื•ื”ื•"ื“ ื”ืจ"ืŸ ื‘ื‘"ื™ ืื•"ื— ืกื•"ืก ืงื ื, ื•ื‘ื‘"ื— ื•ื˜"ื– ืฉื].
ื•ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉื”ื”ื™ืชืจ ื”ื•ื ืจืง ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื”ื•ืฆืจื›ื• ืœื›ืš, ื•ื˜ืขื ื”ื”ื™ืชืจ ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืขืœ ืชื ืื™ ื–ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื™ ื›ื ืกื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื‘ื‘ืœ. [ื•ื›"ื› ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื“ื•ื“ ื›ืืŸ]. ื•ื"ื› ืœื›ืื•' ื“ื•ืงื ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื›ื ืกื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื‘ื‘ืœ ืžื”ื ื™ ื”ื™ืชืจ ื–ื”, ื•ื‘ืืžืช ื”ืคืž"ื’ [ื‘ืžืฉื‘ืฆื•"ื– ืฉื ืจ"ืก ืงื ื] ื›ืชื‘ ื“ืืคืฉืจ ื“ื”ืชื•ืก' ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืŸ [ื•ื‘ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื›ื—.] ืฉื”ื•ืฆืจื›ื• ืœื•ืžืจ ื“ื‘ื—ื“ืจื™ื ื”ืกืžื•ื›ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช, ื•ืœื ืชื™ืจืฆื• ื›ื”ืจ"ืŸ ื“ืฉืจื™ ืœื”ืื›ื™ืœื ื‘ื‘ื™ื”ื›ื "ืก, ืคื™ืจืฉื• ื›ืŸ ืจืง ืžืฉื•ื ื‘ืชื™ ื›ื ืกื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื“ืœื ืžื”ื ื™ ืชื ืื™, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ื”ื›ื "ืก ืฉื‘ื—ื•"ืœ ืื™ื”"ื  ืžื”ื ื™ ืชื ืื™, ืขื™ื™"ืฉ.


ื›ื–. ื”ืื ืกืขื•ื“ืช ืฉื‘ืช ื”ื™ื 'ืกืขื•ื“ืช ืžืฆื•ื”' ื•ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืื•ื›ืœื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช

ื‘ื’ืž' ืฉื

ื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ืชื•ืก' [ื“"ื” ื“ืื›ืœื•] ื“ืืข"ื’ ื“ืื›ื™ืœื” ื•ืฉืชื™ื” ืฉืœ ืžืฆื•ื” ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืฉืื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ืžืฆื•ื” ืืกื•ืจ. ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื›ืืŸ, ืืžื ื ื”ืกืž"ื’ [ืขืฉื™ืŸ ื›ื˜], ื”ืื•ืจ ื–ืจื•ืข [ื”ืœ' ืขืจื‘ ืฉื‘ืช ืกื•"ืก ื›ื’] ื•ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ [ื”ืœ' ืฉื‘ืช, ืกื™ืžืŸ ื™ื’, ื•ื›"ื› ื‘ื”ืœ' ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืกื™ืžืŸ ืฉืคื—] ื›ืชื‘ื• ืœืชืจืฅ ืงื•ืฉื™ื” ื–ื• ื“ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ืช ื”ื•ื™ ืกืขื•ื“ืช ืžืฆื•ื”, ื•ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืื•ื›ืœื” ื‘ื‘ื™ื”ื›ื "ืก, ื•ื”ื•ื›ื™ื—ื• ื›ืŸ ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ [ืคืกื—ื™ื ืค"ื ื”"ื], ืฉืืžืจื• ืฉืื•ื›ืœื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ื”ื›"ื  ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช ืžืฆื•ื”.
ื•ื‘ื’ื™ืจืกื ืฉืœืคื ื™ื ื• ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืฉื ืื™' ืœื”ื“ื™ื ืฉื‘ืฉื‘ืชื•ืช ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช, ืขื™ื™"ืฉ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื ื“ื•ืŸ ืื ื‘ืชื™ ื›ื ืกื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืชื™ ืžื“ืจืฉื•ืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื”, ืฉืืžืจื• ืฉื 'ืฉื›ืŸ ืžื›ื ื™ืกื™ื ืœืฉื ื‘ืฉื‘ืชื•ืช ื•ื‘ืจืืฉื™ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื', ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืื– ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช, [ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืคื™ืจืฉ ื‘ืงืจื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื“ื” ืœื’ื™ืจืกื ื–ื•, ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื›ื“ืื™' ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืื•ืจื—ื™ื ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ืชื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ื”ื›"ื ], ื•ืœืคื™ ื’ื™ืจืกื ื–ื• ืžื•ื›ื— ืฉื ืœื”ื“ื™ื ืฉืžื•ืชืจ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืกืขื•ื“ืช ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ื”ื›"ื , [ื•ื›ืžืฉ"ื› ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ื”ืจ ืฆื‘ื™ ืื•"ื— ื—"ื ืกื™ืžืŸ ืขื’], ืืžื ื ืขื™' ื‘ืงืจื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื“ื” ืฉื ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื“ืœื ื’ืจืกื™ 'ืฉื‘ืชื•ืช', ืืœื ื’ืจืกื™ 'ืฉื›ืŸ ืžื›ื ื™ืกื™ื ืฉื ื‘ืขื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ืจืืฉื™ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื', ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืฉืื•ื›ืœื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื ื™ื. (ื•ื’ื ื”ืžืฉื "ื‘ [ืกื™ืžืŸ ืงื ื ืก"ืง ื›, ื•ื‘ืฉืขืจ ื”ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืก"ืง ื™ื“] ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื”ื ื“ื•ืŸ ืื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืกืขื•ื“ืช ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช, ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื’ื™ืจืกืื•ืช ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™, ืฉื™ืฉ ืฉื’ืจืกื• ืœื”ื“ื™ื ืฉื‘ืฉื‘ืชื•ืช ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ื”ื›ื "ืก).
ืืžื ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืก' ื›ืืŸ ืžืฉืžืข ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืกืขื•ื“ืช ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ื”ื›"ื , ื•ืื™ื ื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ืกืขื•ื“ืช ืžืฆื•ื” ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืื•ื›ืœื” ื‘ื‘ื™ื”ื›"ื , ืฉื”ื•ืฆืจื›ื• ืœืชืจืฅ ืฉื”ืื•ืจื—ื™ื ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ื‘ื™ื”ื›"ื  ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืžืžืฉ, ืืœื ื‘ื—ื“ืจื™ื ื”ืกืžื•ื›ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ื”ื›"ื  ืื™ื™ืจื™, ื•ืœื ื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉืกืขื•ื“ืช ืฉื‘ืช ื”ื•ื™ ืกืขื•ื“ืช ืžืฆื•ื” ื•ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืื•ืจื—ื™ื ืœืื•ื›ืœื” ื‘ื‘ื™ื”ื›"ื , ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ื”ืจ ืฆื‘ื™ [ืื•"ื— ื—"ื ืกื™ืžืŸ ืขื’, ื•ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืŸ].
[ืืžื ื ื‘ืชื•ืก' ื—ื–ื™ื ืŸ ื“ื“ื™ื™ืงื• ืœื”ืงืฉื•ืช ื’ื ืžื”ื ื“ื”ื™ื• ื™ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ื”ื›"ื , ื•ื–ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื™ืชื•ืจืฅ ื‘ืชื™ืจื•ืฅ ื–ื”, ื“ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืืกื•ืจ ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ื”ื›"ื . (ื•ื‘ืืžืช ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ืขื™ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื—"ื ืื•"ื— ืกื•"ืก ื™ื‘ ื›ืชื‘ ืฉืขื™ืงืจ ืงื•ืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืชื•ืก' ื”ื™ื ืžื”ืืžื•ืจ 'ื“ื’ื ื• ื‘ื‘ื™ ื›ื ื™ืฉืชื' ื“ื”ื ืื™ืŸ ื™ืฉื™ื ื™ื ืฉื), ื•ืื•ืœื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืขื™' ื‘ืคืจื™ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื—"ื‘ ืกื™' ื” ืฉื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื“ืžื“ื™ื ื ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ื” ืื™ืกื•ืจ. ื•ืขื™' ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื‘ื”ื’ื”ื•ืช ื”ืจื"ืž ื”ื•ืจื•ื•ื™ืฅ ื“'ื’ื ื• ื‘ื‘ื™ ื›ื ื™ืฉืชื' ื“ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืŸ, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื”ื•ืชืจ, ืขืžืฉ"ื› ืฉื ืœืค"ื–].
ื˜ืขื ื”ืชื•ืก' ื“ืกืขื•ื“ืช ืฉื‘ืช ืื™ื ื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืžืฆื•ื” ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื”, ื™ืฉ ืœืคืจืฉ ืข"ืค ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ื‘ืขืฆื ื”ืื›ื™ืœื”, ืืœื ื‘ืขื•ื ื’ ืฉื™ืฉ ืข"ื™ ื”ืื›ื™ืœื”, ืขื™' ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื‘ื–ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื“ื•ื“ [ืœืขื™ืœ ืจื™ืฉ ืคืจืงื™ืŸ, ื“"ื” ืื‘ืœ ื”ื›ื] ืœื‘ืืจ ืืžืื™ ืœืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกื™ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืขืจื‘ ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื›ืžื• ื‘ืขืจื‘ ืคืกื—, [ืขื™' ืœืขื™ืœ ืื•ืช ื˜ื–, ื•ืœื”ืœืŸ ืื•ืช ืœื—], ื•ืคื™ืจืฉ ืฉื‘ืœื™ืœ ืคืกื— ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืื›ื™ืœื” ืžืฆื“ ืขืฆืžื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉืœื ื™ืื›ืœื ื” ืื›ื™ืœื” ื’ืกื”, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื”ืžืฆื•ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืขื•ื ื’, ืžืžื™ืœื ืื ืื™ืŸ ื”ืื›ื™ืœื” ืžื”ื ื” ืื•ืชื•, ืื™ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ื” ื›ืœืœ, (ื•ืœื›ืš ืื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื–ื”ืจ ืžื‘ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ื ืฉื™ืื›ืœ ื‘ืขืจื‘ ืœืชื™ืื‘ื•ืŸ, ืฉืื ืœื ื™ื”ื ื” ืžื”ืื›ื™ืœื”, ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ื” ื›ืœืœ), ื•ื›ืขื™"ื– ืื™' ื‘ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ ื”ืจ"ืŸ ืฉื, [ื•ืขื“"ื– ืคื™ืจืฉื• ื”ืžื’ืŸ ืื‘ืจื”ื (ื‘ืกื™ืžืŸ ืงืกื– ืก"ืง ืžื, ื•ื”ืžืฉื "ื‘ ืฉื ืก"ืง ืฆื“) ื•ื”ื˜"ื– (ื‘ืกื™ืžืŸ ืจืขื’ ืก"ืง ื’) ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื™ื ื“ืกืขื•ื“ืช ืฉื‘ืช ืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืื•ื›ืœ, ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืืช ืžื™ ืฉืื•ื›ืœ, ืืฃ ืฉื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื. ื•ื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉื–ื”ื• ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืืฃ ื“ืื›ื™ืœื” ื–ื• ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืื™ื ื” ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืืœื ืžืฉื•ื ื”ื ืืชื•, ื“ื”ื ืื ื ื”ื ื” ืžืžื” ืฉืžืชืขื ื” ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืœืื›ื•ืœ, ืขื™ื™"ืฉ ืขื•ื“], ื•ืœืค"ื– ื™ืฉ ืœืคืจืฉ ืฉื”ื”ื™ืชืจ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืื›ื™ืœืช ืžืฆื•ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืืžื•ืจ ืจืง ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ืื›ื™ืœื” ืขืฆืžื” ื”ื™ื ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืžืฆื•ื”, ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ืขืฆื ื”ืื›ื™ืœื” ืžืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื”, ื•ืœื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื”ืื›ื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื ืจืง ื”ื›ืฉืจ ืœืžืฆื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื ื’, ื•ื“ื•"ืง.


ื›ื—. 'ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืกืขื•ื“ื”' - ืžื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ืื• ืžื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ

ื‘ื’ืž' 'ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืืœื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืกืขื•ื“ื”'

ื‘ืจื"ืฉ [ืกื•"ืก ื”] ื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื ื”ื” ื“ื“ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื”ื•ื ืจืง ืžื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ, ื“ืืกืžื›ื•ื” ืืงืจื ื“'ื•ืงืจืืช ืœืฉื‘ืช ืขื•ื ื’', [ื•ื‘ื–ื” ื™ื™ืฉื‘ ื”ื ื“ืžืงื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ื”ื›ื "ืก ืœืืคื•ืงื™ ืื•ืจื—ื™ื ืืข"ืค ื“ืœื ื”ื•ื™ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืกืขื•ื“ื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืฆืื• ืขื›"ืค ื™ื“ื™ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื]. ื•ื›ืชื‘ ืข"ื– ื”ืจื"ืฉ ืฉืœืฉื•ืŸ 'ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืืœื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืกืขื•ื“ื”', ืœื ืžืฉืžืข ื›ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื•, ื“ืžืฉืžืข ืฉืื™ื ื• ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื›ืœืœ, ืขื™ื™"ืฉ ืขื•ื“.
ื•ืคื™ืจืฉ ื”ืคืจื™ ืžื’ื“ื™ื [ื‘ืžืฉื‘ืฆื•"ื– ืจ"ืก ืจืกื˜, ื•ื‘ืกื™ืžืŸ ืจืคื— ื‘ืžืฉื‘ืฆื•"ื– ืก"ืง ื’ ืขื“"ื–] ืฉืกื•ื‘ืจ ื”ืจื"ืฉ ืฉืชื™ืงื ื• ื—ื–"ืœ ืฉื›ืœ ืฉืœื ืงื™ื“ืฉ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืœื ื™ืฆื ื›ืœืœ, ื•ืข"ื“ ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ืชื•ืก' ื‘ืกื•ื›ื” [ื’.] ื“ืžืฉื•ื ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉืžื ื™ืžืฉืš ืื—ืจ ืฉื•ืœื—ื ื• ืœื ืงื™ื™ื ืžืฆื•ืช ืกื•ื›ื” ืืคื™ืœื• ืžื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื, ืขื™ื™"ืฉ. ื•ืข"ืข ื‘ื”ื’ื”ื•ืช ืจืขืง"ื [ื‘ืกื™ืžืŸ ืจืขื’ ื”] ื•ื‘ืžื "ื— [ืžืฆื•ื” ืœื ืื•ืช ื™ื˜] ื•ืขื•ื“, ืื ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจื"ืฉ ืื™ื ื• ื™ื•ืฆื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืช ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื›ืœืœ ืืคื™ืœื• ืžื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื. ื•ืขืžืฉ"ื› ื‘ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ ืจืขืง"ื ื›ืืŸ ืœื”ืงืฉื•ืช ืžื–ื” ืขืœ ื”ืžื’ืŸ ืื‘ืจื”ื [ื‘ืกื™ืžืŸ ืจืขื] ื“ืžื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืฉืื•ืžืจ ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” ืกื’ื™, ื“ื"ื› ืื ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืชืคืœืœื•, ื”ืจื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ืฆืื• ืžื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื. [ื•ืขื™' ืœืขื™ืœ ืื•ืช ื›ื ื•ืœื”ืœืŸ ืื•ืช ืœื’ ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื ืœื“ื•ืŸ ืžื—ืžืช ื˜ืขื ื–ื” ื“ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื”ื•ื ืจืง ืžื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ]. ื•ืข"ืข ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ืฉืจื’ื ื”ืžืื™ืจ [ื—"ื“ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืค] ื‘ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ื“ื”ื•ื™ ืžื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื.


ื›ื˜. ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžืงื•ื ืžืคื™ื ื” ืœืคื™ื ื” ืœืขื ื™ืŸ 'ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืกืขื•ื“ื”'

ื‘ื’ืž' 'ืกื‘ื•ืจ ืžื™ื ื” ื”"ืž ืžื‘ื™ืช ืœื‘ื™ืช ืื‘ืœ ืžืžืงื•ื ืœืžืงื•ื ืœื'

ื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ืชื•ืก' [ื“"ื” ืื‘ืœ] ืฉืžืคื™ื ื” ืœืคื™ื ื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืกืขื•ื“ื”, ื›ืžื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื›ืš, [ื•ืขื™' ืžื”ืจืฉ"ื].
ืืš ื”ืจื™"ืฃ [ื›. ื‘ื“ืคื™ ื”ืจื™"ืฃ] ื’ืจืก ื“ืžืคื™ื ื” ืœืคื™ื ื” ืœื ืžื”ื ื™ ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ, [ื•ื›ื’ื™ืจืกื ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื• ื”ืชื•ืก' ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื], ื•ืขื“"ื– ื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ืจ"ืŸ [ืฉื ื“"ื” ืกื‘ื•ืจ] ื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื“ื•ื“. ื•ื”ื˜ืขื ื›ืชื‘ื• ื“ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช, ืืœื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื’ื ืžืคื™ื ื” ืœืคื™ื ื” ื”ื•ื™ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžืงื•ื, ืขื™ื™"ืฉ. [ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื“ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืจืง ืžืงื•ื ื–ื” ืขืฆืžื• ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืžืงื•ื ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื”, ื•ืœื ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช. ืžืฉื"ื› ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžืงื•ื, ืฉื”ื•ื ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช, ื•ืœื ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ื”, ื•ื“ื•"ืง], ื•ื”ื•"ื“ ื”ืจื™"ืฃ ื•ื”ืจ"ืŸ ื‘ื‘"ื™ ืจ"ืก ืจืขื’. [ื•ืขื™' ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื ื‘ืกืžื•ืš ืื•ืช ืœื]. ื•ื›ืขื™"ื– ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืžื”ืจ"ื ื—ืœืื•ื” ื“ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืžืงื•ื ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืžืžืฉ, ื“ืžืงื•ื ืคื™ืชื ื’ืจื™ื, ืœื›ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืžืงื•ื ืžืžืฉ ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ืžืคื™ื ื” ืœืคื™ื ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืกืขื•ื“ื”, ื‘ืขืงื™ืจื” ื’ืžื•ืจื” ืชืœื™ื ืžื™ืœืชื, ื•ืžืคื™ื ื” ืœืคื™ื ื” ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืขืงื™ืจื”.
ื ื—ืœืงื• ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืื ืœื”ืœื›ื” ื™ืฉ ืœื—ื•ืฉ ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจื™"ืฃ ื•ื”ืจ"ืŸ. ื”ืžื’ืŸ ืื‘ืจื”ื [ืฉื ื‘ืก"ืง ื] ืคื™ืจืฉ ืฉื”ืฉื•"ืข ื“ื ืงื˜ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“, 'ืฉืื ืงื™ื“ืฉ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืคื ื” ื–ื• ื•ื ืžืœืš ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืคื ื” ืื—ืจืช ื•ื›ื•' ืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœืงื“ืฉ', ื–ื”ื• ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืื™ืŸ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืžืคื™ื ื” ืœืคื™ื ื”, ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื—ื•ืฉ ืœืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืกืจื™ื, [ื•ื”ื•"ื“ ื‘ืžืฉื "ื‘ ืฉื ืก"ืง ื’, ื•ืืžื ื ืขื™' ื‘ืงืฆื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ (ืกื™ืžืŸ ืคื ื‘ื‘ื”"ืฉ ืก"ืง ื•) ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืฉืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื›ืœ ื“' ืืžื•ืชื™ื• ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœืžืงื•ืžื•, ื•ื›"ื” ื”ื’ืจืฉ"ื– ืื•ื™ืขืจื‘ืืš ื–ืฆ"ืœ (ื”ื•"ื“ ื‘ืžื ื—"ืฉ ื›ืืŸ)]. ืืžื ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื’ืจ"ื ื•ื‘ื”ื’ื”ื•ืช ืจืขืง"ื [ืฉื] ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื“ืืฃ ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืจืฉืื™ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืžืคื™ื ื” ืœืคื™ื ื”. [ื•ื”ื•"ื“ ื‘ืฉืขืจ ื”ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืก"ืง ื“].
ื• ื‘ืฉืขืจ ื”ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืกืžืš ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ืœื”ืงืœ ืขื›"ืค ื›ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ื“ืขืชื• ืœื›ืš, ื“ื‘ื–ื” ืžืงื™ืœื™ื ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืžืคื™ื ื” ืœืคื™ื ื”, (ื•ืขื“"ื– ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงืœ ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ืื•ื›ืœ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื’ื ืื ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ื“ืขืชื• ืœื›ืš, ืฉื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืœื™ื“ ืื—ื“ ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ื ื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื™ื, ื•ืจืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืข ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืžืชืงืจื‘ ืœื™ื“ ื”ืื“ื ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, ืžืžื™ืœื ื’ื ืื ืœื ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื“ื™ื, ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื“ืขืชื• ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืคื™ื ื” ืื—ืจืช, [ืขื™' ืฉืฉ"ื› ืคืจืง ื ื“ ื”ืขืจื” ื˜ื–]), ืืš ืขื›"ืค ืžื—ื“ืจ ืœื—ื“ืจ ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืœื›ื” [ืฉื ื“"ื” ื•ื›ืŸ] ืฉืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ื’ื ื›ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ื“ืขืชื•. [ื•ื›ื“ืœื”ืœืŸ ืื•ืช ืœ].


ืœ. ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžืงื•ื ืœื—ื“ืจ ืื—ืจ, ื›ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ื“ืขืชื• ืขืœ ื›ืš ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ

ื‘ื’ืž' ืฉื

ื ื—ืœืงื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืื ื™ืฉ ื—ืกืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืžื—ื“ืจ ืœื—ื“ืจ, ื”ืชื•ืก' ืœืขื™ืœ [ืง: ื“"ื” ื™ื“ื™ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ] ื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉืžืžืงื•ื ืœืžืงื•ื ื‘ื—ื“ ื‘ื™ืช ืžื”ื ื™ ื“ืขืชื•, ื•ื‘ื–ื” ื›ืชื‘ื• ืœื™ื™ืฉื‘ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ื•ืชืœืžื•ื“ื™ืŸ. ืืžื ื ื”ืจ"ืŸ ื ื—ืœืง, [ืœืฉื™ื˜ืชื• ื”ื "ืœ ืื•ืช ื›ื˜ ืฉื™ืฉ ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžืงื•ื], ื“ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ื—ื•ืœืง ืขืœ ืชืœืžื•ื“ื ื“ื™ื“ืŸ, ืฉื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื“ื™ืŸ ืคื™ื ื” ืœืคื™ื ื” ื›ืžื• ืžื‘ื™ืช ืœื‘ื™ืช, ืœื™ื›ื ืœืืคืœื•ื’ื™ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื”ื•, ื•ืœื ืžื”ื ื™ ื“ืขืชื• ืœืชืœืžื•ื“ื ื“ื™ื“ืŸ. ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืœื›ื” [ืฉื ื“"ื” ื•ื›ืŸ] ืฉืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื™ืฉ ืœื—ื•ืฉ ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจ"ืŸ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžื—ื“ืจ ืœื—ื“ืจ ื’ื ื›ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ื“ืขืชื• ืœื›ืš, [ื•ื›ื "ืœ ื‘ืื•ืช ื›ื˜].
ื•ืžืฉืžืข ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืœื›ื” ืฉืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืก' ืžื•ืขื™ืœื” ื“ืขืชื• ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื—ื“ืจ ืœื—ื“ืจ ื’ื ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”. ืืžื ื ื‘ืฆืœ"ื— [ืงื. ื“"ื” ื–ื™ืžื ื™ืŸ] ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืฉื’ื ืœืชื•ืก' ื“ื•ืงื ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ืžื”ื ื™ ื“ืขืชื• ืžืžืงื•ื ืœืžืงื•ื, ื•ืœื ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”.
(ื•ื‘ื–ื” ื™ื™ืฉื‘ ื”ื ื“ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื“ื ื—ื™ืช ืžืื™ื’ืจื ืœืืจืขื ื•ื”ื“ืจ ืžืงื“ืฉ, ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื“ืฉ ื‘ืื™ื’ืจื ื•ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ื“ืขืชื• ืœื™ืจื“ ืœืืจืขื, ื“ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืื™ืŸ ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœ ื›ืš, ื•ืื•ืจื—ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ื“ืžื™, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื, ืขื™ื™"ืฉ ืขื•ื“).
ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื“ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ืชื•ืก' ื›ืืŸ ืฉืžืžืงื•ื ืœืžืงื•ื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื™ืช ืžื”ื ื™ ื“ืขืชื• ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืกืขื•ื“ื”, ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื’ืจืฉ"ื– ืื•ื™ืขืจื‘ืš ื–ืฆ"ืœ [ื‘ืฉืฉ"ื› ืคืจืง ื ื“ ื”ืขืจื” ื›ื“] ืœื“ื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ืฉื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื ืชื›ื•ื™ืŸ ืœื—ื“ืจ ืื—ืจ ืืš ื”ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืœื ื™ื“ืขื• ืžื–ื”, ืื ื ื’ืจืจื™ื ื”ื ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ืื• ืœื. ื•ืืฃ ื“ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ื ื”ื ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืœื• ืขื•ื“ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ื“ื“ืขืช ื‘ืขื”"ื‘ ืžื•ืขื™ืœื” ืืฃ ืœืงืจื•ืื™ื, ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืืชื›ื ื“ื‘ืขื”"ื‘ ืกืžื™ืš, [ื•ื›ื“ืื™' ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืžื‘. ื•ื‘ืฉื•"ืข ืกื™ืžืŸ ืงืขื˜ ืก"ื” ื•ืกื™ืžืŸ ืจื™ื ืก"ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืœื›ื” ื“"ื” ื•ื‘ืœื‘ื“], ืืคืฉืจ ื“ื ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื“ืŸ ืฉืื ื™, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืžืขืœื™ื ื›ืœืœ ืขืœ ื”ื“ืขืช ืฉื”ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืœื ืชื”ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ.



ืœื. ื™ืฆื ืžืžืงื•ืžื• ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื—ื–ืจ, ื”ืื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงื“ืฉ ืฉื ื™ืช, ื›ื“ื™ืŸ 'ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžืงื•ื' ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ื”
ื‘ื’ืž' ืฉื
ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืœื›ื” [ืฉื ื‘ืกื™ืžืŸ ืจืขื’ ืกืขื™ืฃ ื’, ื“"ื” ืœืืœืชืจ] ื“ืืฃ ืฉืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืชื•ืก' ืฉืžื“ืžื™ื ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืœื“ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžืงื•ื, ื–ื”ื• ื“ื•ืงื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื—ื“ืจ ืœื—ื“ืจ ืœืคื™ื ื” ืœืคื™ื ื”, ืฉื”ืžืงื•ื ืฉื ื—ืฉื‘ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžืงื•ื ื•ืฉืžื—ืžืชื• ืื™ืŸ ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืฉื•ื™ื, ืืš ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืฉื™ื ื” ืžืงื•ืžื• ื•ื—ื–ืจ ืœืื•ืชื• ืžืงื•ื ืื™ืŸ ื“ื•ืžื” ื“ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืœื“ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžืงื•ื, ื•ื–ื”ื• ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื“ื•ืงื ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื›ื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืคืกื™ื“ ื‘ืจื›ืชื• ืžื—ืžืช ืขืฆื ื”ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืœื—ื•ืฅ, ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ืจืš ืฉื ื™ืช ื’ื ืื ื—ื–ืจ ืœืื•ืชื• ื”ืžืงื•ื, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื›ืš ื”ื™ืกื— ื”ื“ืขืช, ืืš ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื“ืื™ ืœื ื”ืกื™ื— ื“ืขืชื•, ื“ืžื™ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื˜ืขื•ื ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื›ื” ืœืื—ืจื™ื”ื ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื”ืคืกืง. [ืืš ืขื›"ืค ืœื“ื™ื ื ื”ืขืœื” ืฉื ืฉืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืื™ืŸ ืœืฆืืช ืืคื™ืœื• ืข"ื“ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ, ืืš ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ืื• ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื“ื—ืง, ืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงื“ืฉ ืฉื ื™ืช].
ื•ืžืื™ื“ืš, ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžื—ื“ืจ ืœื—ื“ืจ ืžืฆื™ื ื• ืฉื—ืžื•ืจ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืžืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžืงื•ื, ื“ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื’ื ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœืงื“ืฉ, [ืขื›"ืค ื›ืฉืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ื“ืขืชื• ืœืฉื ื•ืช], ืืฃ ื“ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžืงื•ื ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืœื›ื” [ื‘ืกื™ืžืŸ ืงืขื— ืก"ื ื“"ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช] ืฉื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœื‘ืจืš ืื ืฉื™ื ื” ืžืงื•ืžื• ืžื—ื“ืจ ืœื—ื“ืจ, ื•ืขื™' ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืจืฉ"ื– ืื•ื™ืขืจื‘ืืš ื–ืฆ"ืœ [ืฉื”ื•ื‘ืื• ื‘ืฉืฉ"ื› ืคืจืง ื ื“ ื”ืขืจื” ืœื‘] ื‘ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื–ื”.



ืœื‘. ืงื™ื“ืฉ ืขืœ ื“ืขืช ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืžืงื•ื, ื”ืื ืจืฉืื™ ืื—"ื› ืœื”ื™ืžืœืš ื‘ื“ืขืชื• ื•ืœื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ, ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืชื”ื™ื” ืœื‘ื˜ืœื”
ื‘ื’ืž' 'ื•ื ื—ื™ืช ืžืื™ื’ืจื ืœืืจืขื ื•ื”ื“ืจ ืžืงื“ืฉ ื•ื›ื•', ื“ืจื‘ ื”ื•ื ื ืงื“ื™ืฉ ื•ื›ื•' ื•ืขื™ื™ืœื™ ืœื™ื” ื•ื›ื•' ื•ืงื“ื™ืฉ ื•ื˜ืขื™ื'
ืืžืจื• ื‘ื’ืžืจื ืฉืœืฉืžื•ืืœ ื“ืก"ืœ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืืœื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืกืขื•ื“ื”, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื’ื ืžืžืงื•ื ืœืžืงื•ื ื‘ื—ื“ ื‘ื™ืชื, ืžื”ื ื“ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื”ื™ื” ื ื—ื™ืช ืžืื™ื’ืจื ืœืืจืขื, ื•ื”ื“ืจ ืžืงื“ืฉ. ื•ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื’ืžืจื ืžืฉืžืข ื“ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืงื™ื“ืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื, ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืงื™ื“ืฉ ื‘ืื™ื’ืจื ื•ืœืื—ืจ ื“ื ื—ื™ืช ืœืืจืขื ื—ื–ืจ ืœืงื“ืฉ ืฉื•ื‘. ืืžื ื ืขื™' ื‘ืฆืœ"ื— ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืฉืœืื—ืจ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืงื™ื“ืฉ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืžืฉื ื” ืžืงื•ืžื• ืœื’ืจื•ื ื‘ืจื›ื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื•ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉื‘ื™ืจืš ืžืขื™ืงืจื ืœื‘ื˜ืœื”, [ืขื™ื™"ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื‘ื–ื”], ืืœื ื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื’ืžืจื ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืงื•ื“ื ืฉืงื™ื“ืฉ ื‘ืื™ื’ืจื ื ืžืœืš ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื•. ื•ื›ืŸ ืคื™ืจืฉ ื”ืฉืคืช ืืžืช [ื‘ืกื•"ื“] ืฉื‘ืืžืช ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืงื™ื“ืฉ ืจืง ืคืขื ืื—ืช, ื•ืžื” ืฉืืžืจื• 'ื•ื”ื“ืจ ืžืงื“ืฉ', ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื“ืืฃ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื• ื”ื›ืœ ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœืžืขืœื”, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืœื ืงื™ื“ืฉ ืฉื, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื“ืขืชื• ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืœืžืขืœื”, ื•ืจืง 'ืขื“ ื“ื ื—ื™ืช ืžืื™ื’ืจื ืœืืจืขื', ืื– ืงื™ื“ืฉ.
(ื•ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืคื™ืจืฉ ื”ืฉืคืช ืืžืช ื“ื”ื ื“ืœื ื—ืฉืฉ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืฉื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœืงื“ืฉ ืฉื ื™ืช, ื–ื”ื• ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืงื™ื“ืฉ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื”ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ืฉื, ื•ื”ื“ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื“ืฉ ืœืขืฆืžื•. [ื•ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื—ืœ ืœืื—ืจื™ื, ืžืžื™ืœื ืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉืฉ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืฉื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœืงื“ืฉ ืœืขืฆืžื• ืฉื ื™ืช, ื•ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ, ื•ื“ื•"ืง]. ื•ื”ืฆืœ"ื— ืฉื ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื“ืืฃ ื“ื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ืชื•ืก' ื“ืžื”ื ื™ ื“ืขืชื• ืžืื™ื’ืจื ืœืืจืขื, ื•ื"ื› ืœื›ืื•' ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืœืจื“ืช, ืืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœืงื“ืฉ ื‘ืื™ื’ืจื, ื•ื™ื”ื™ื” ื“ืขืชื• ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืœืžื˜ื”. ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื”ื ื“ืžื”ื ื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืืœ ืžืžืงื•ื ืœืžืงื•ื ื›ืฉื“ืขืชื• ืœื›ืš, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื“ื•ืงื ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“, [ื•ืื•ืจื—ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ื“ืžื™, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื], ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื™ืจื“ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืœืืจืขื ื•ืงื™ื“ืฉ ืฉื).
ืืžื ื ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ืื’ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื” [ื™ื•"ื“ ื—"ื‘ ืกื•"ืก ืงืกื’] ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฆืœ"ื— ื“ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื•ืื™ื ื ื ื›ื•ื ื™ื. ื•ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืจืฆื” ื”ืื’ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื” ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืžื”ื ื“ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืฉืื ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืื›ืœ ืื“ื ื—ืฆื™ ื›ื–ื™ืช ืคืช, ื ืžืœืš ืฉืœื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ื”, ืื™ืŸ ืœื—ื™ื™ื‘ื• ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื›ื–ื™ืช ืžื—ืžืช ืฉืื ืœื ื™ืฉืœื™ื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื›ื–ื™ืช ื ืžืฆื ืฉืื›ืœ ื”ื—ืฆื™ ื›ื–ื™ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ, ืืœื ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ืฉื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉืื›ืœ ื”ื—ืฆื™ ื›ื–ื™ืช ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื• ืœืื›ื•ืœ, ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืื›ื•ืœ, ื•ื›ืžื• ื‘ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื“ื ื—ื™ืช ืžืื™ื’ืจื ืœืืจืขื ื•ื”ื“ืจ ืžืงื“ืฉ, ื•ืœื ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ืฉื‘ื›ืš ื“ื ื—ื™ืช ืžืื™ื’ืจื ื’ื•ืจื ืฉื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืฉื‘ื™ืจืš ืฉื ื”ื™ื ืœื‘ื˜ืœื”, [ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื“ืœืฉื•ืŸ 'ื–ื™ืžื ื™ืŸ ืกื’ื™ืื™ืŸ' ืžืฉืžืข ืฉื’ื ื‘ืœื ืื•ื ืก ืขืฉื” ื›ืŸ ื›ืฉื ืžืœืš ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืื—"ื› ื‘ืืจืขื, ื“ืœื ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืžืื•ืชื 'ื–ื™ืžื ื™ืŸ ืกื’ื™ืื™ืŸ' ืื™ืจืข ืœื• ืื•ื ืก ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ื–ื™ืช, ื›ืžื• ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืคืจืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื“ืจื‘ ื”ื•ื ื ื“ืื™ืชืขืงืจื ืฉืจื’ื, ืขื™ื™"ืฉ ื‘ื–ื”].
ืืžื ื ื‘ืกื•"ื“ ื”ืกื™ืง ื”ืื’ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื” ืœืคืจืฉ ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืค"ื, ื•ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื‘ืืžืช ื™ืฉ ืœื—ื•ืฉ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ื” ืœื‘ืจื›ื” ืœื‘ื˜ืœื”. [ืขื™ื™"ืฉ ืฉื™ืฆื ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ, ืฉืื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืจืง ืคื™ืจื•ืช, ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœืงื“ืฉ ืจืง ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืื›ื™ืœืช ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช, ื•ื›ืœ ืฉื›ืŸ ื›ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืจืง ืคื™ืจื•ืช. ืืœื ื“ืขื›"ืค ืื™ื ื• ื ืคื˜ืจ ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื–ื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืฉื™ืื›ืœ ืื—"ื›, ืขื™ื™"ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, ื•ื ืชืคืจืฉื” ืฉื™ื˜ืชื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื‘ืื’ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื” ืื•"ื— ื—"ื“ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืกื’, ืขื™ื™"ืฉ ื‘ืขื ืฃ ื–-ื— ื•ืขื•ื“, ื•ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉืช, ื•ืื›ืž"ืœ].
ื•ืืžื ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื ื“ื•ืŸ ืื ื™ืฉ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉื‘ื™ืจืš ืžืขื™ืงืจื ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืœื‘ื˜ืœื”, ื”ืืจื™ื›ื• ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจื™ื˜ื‘"ื ื‘ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืงื•: [ื“"ื” ื"ืจ] ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉืฉ ื‘ืจื›ื” ืœื‘ื˜ืœื”, ื›ืฉืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ื˜ืœ ื™ื“ื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ืจืš ืขืœ ื ื˜ื™ืœืช ื™ื“ื™ื, ื ืžืœืš ืฉืœื ืœืื›ื•ืœ, ืขื™ื™"ืฉ, [ื•ื”ื•"ื“ ื‘ืฉืขืจื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืจ"ืก ืงื "ื—], ืื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืืžื•ืจื™ื ื“ื•ืงื ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ื ื˜ื™ืœืช ื™ื“ื™ื, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื ื˜ื™ืœืช ื™ื“ื™ื ื”ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื” ืฉืœื™ืžื” ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื”, [ืขื™' ื‘ืฉื“ื™ ื—ืžื“ ื—"ื• ืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืกื™' ื ืื•ืช ื›ื˜, ืขืž' 320 ื•ืขืž' 431, ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฉืžืข ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจื™ื˜ื‘"ื ืฉื, ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื‘ื–ื”"ืœ, 'ื“ื”ื ืžื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื˜ืœ ื™ื“ื™ื•, ื’ืžืจื” ืœื” ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ื ื˜ื™ืœื” ืฉืขืœื™ื” ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ืจืš, ื•ื”ื”ื™ื ืฉืขืชื ื“ืขืชื• ื”ื™ื” ืœืื›ื•ืœ', ืขื™ื™"ืฉ, ื•ืžืฉืžืข ืฉื˜ืขืžื• ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื ื˜ื™ืœื” ื•ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื›ื“ื™ืŸ, ื•ื ื˜ื™ืœื” ื–ื• ืื™ื ื” ืžืชื‘ื˜ืœืช ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืื™ืŸ ืจืฆื•ื ื• ืœืื›ื•ืœ], ืื• ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ื•ื›ืชื, [ืขื™' ื‘ืžื ื—ืช ืคืชื™ื ื™ื•"ื“ ืกื•"ืก ืฉื›ื’ ื•ื‘ืคืจื“ืก ื™ื•ืกืฃ (ืคืจืฉืช ืืžื•ืจ ื›ื‘ ืž, ืื•ืช ืžื—) ืฉื“ื™ืžื• ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจื™ื˜ื‘"ื ืื ื ืฉืืœ ืขืœ ืชืจื•"ืž, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื‘ืจื›ื” ืœื‘ื˜ืœื”, ื•ืข'ื™ ื›ืขื™"ื– ื‘ืจืฉ"ืฉ ื‘ื ื“ืจื™ื ื ื˜.] ื•ืข"ืข ื‘ืฆื™ืฅ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืกื™' ื› ืฉื”ืืจื™ืš ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจื™ื˜ื‘"ื ื•ื‘ื ื“ื•"ื“, ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืžื›ืžื” ื“ื•ื›ืชื™ ื“ื—ื–ื™ื ืŸ ื“ืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉืฉ ื‘ืจื›ื” ืœื‘ื˜ืœื” ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืžื‘ืจืš ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ืขื™ื™"ืฉ. [ื•ืขื™' ื‘ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ื™ื‘ื™"ื ื—"ื ื™ื•"ื“ ืกื™' ื›ื]). ื•ืข"ืข ื‘ืžืฉ"ื  ื‘ื ื“ืจื™ื ื ื˜. ื•ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ืขื‘. ื‘ืื•ืจืš ื‘ืขื–ื”"ื™, ื•ืื›ืž"ืœ.


ืœื’. ื˜ืขื” ื•ืงื™ื“ืฉ ืขืœ ื“ืขืช ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ, ื•ืขืžื“ ืขืœ ื˜ืขื•ืชื•, ื”ืื ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื—ืœ ื•ืจืฉืื™ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืงื™ื“ืฉ

ื‘ื’ืž' 'ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื” ืžืงื“ืฉ ืืžืจ ืœืŸ ื˜ืขื™ืžื• ื•ื›ื•''

ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื‘"ื™ [ืกื•"ืก ืจืขื’] ืฉืื ืงื™ื“ืฉ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืžืกื•ื™ื ืขืœ ื“ืขืช ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ, ื•ืื—"ื› ื ืžืœืš ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืงื™ื“ืฉ, ืฉืคื™ืจ ื”ื•ื™ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืกืขื•ื“ื”, ื•ืœื ื—ื™ื™ืฉื™ื ืŸ ืœืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ื“ืขืชื• ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ. ื•ืขืค"ื– ื”ื‘ื™ื ื”ืจืž"ื [ืฉื ืกืขื™ืฃ ื’] ืฉืื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื“ืขืชื• ืฉืœื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืฉื ืžื™ื“ ื•ื ืžืœืš ื•ืื›ืœ, ื™ืฆื.
ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืคืž"ื’ [ืฉื ื‘ืžืฉื‘ืฆื•"ื– ืก"ืง ื‘] ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ื“ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืŸ [ื“"ื” ื›ื™], ืฉืคื™ืจืฉ ื”ื ื“ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื” ืžืงื“ืฉ ืจื‘ื” ืืžืจ ืœืŸ ื˜ืขื™ืžื• ื•ื›ื•', 'ื•ืื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืœื™ืคื˜ืจ ืžืฉื ื•ืœื™ืœืš ืœื‘ื™ืชื ื•', ื•ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื›ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืจืฆื• ืœื™ืœืš ืžืฉื ืœื‘ื™ืชื, ืื– ืืžืจ ืœื”ื ืจื‘ื” ืฉื™ืื›ืœื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ, ื•ื"ื› ืžื•ื›ื— ื“ืืฃ ืฉื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชื” ื“ืขืช ืื‘ื™ื™ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื• ื•ืœื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืฉืžืข ืืช ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ, ืžื”ื ื™ ืžื” ืฉืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืื›ืœ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืœื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื”. ื•ื”ื˜"ื– [ืฉื ืก"ืง ื‘] ื›ืชื‘ ืœื“ื™ื™ืง ื›ืŸ ืžื”ื’ืžืจื ื’ื•ืคื ื“ืžืฉืžืข ืฉื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”ื™ืชื” ื“ืขืช ืื‘ื™ื™ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื•, ื•ืืขืค"ื› ืืžืจ ืœื• ืจื‘ื” ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืฉื™ืื›ืœ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืขืœื” ืœื• ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ.
ืืžื ื ื”ื‘ืจื›"ื™ [ืฉื ืกืขื™ืฃ ื”], ื”ื—ื›ืžืช ืฉืœืžื” [ืœื”ื’ืจ"ืฉ ืงืœื•ื’ืจ, ืฉื], ื”'ื ืชื™ื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื' [ื‘ื”ื’ื”ื•ืชื™ื• ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•"ืข ืฉื, ื•ื›ืขื™"ื– ื”ืขื™ืจ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื‘ืงืจื‘ืŸ ื ืชื ืืœ (ืขืœ ื”ืจื"ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ืกื™ืžืŸ ื” ืื•ืช ืข)] ื•ื”ืื•ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ [ื›ืืŸ] ื›ืชื‘ื• ืœืชืžื•ื” ืขืœ ื”ื˜"ื– ืฉืื ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืœื ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื ืฉื™ืื›ืœื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื•, ื"ื› ืœื ื ืชื›ื•ื•ื ื• ืœืฆืืช ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื• ืœืงื“ืฉ ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื, ื•ืื™ืš ื™ืฆืื• ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืช ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ. ื•ืžื›ื— ืงื•ืฉื™ื” ื–ื• ื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉื‘ืืžืช ื›ื‘ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืืžืจ ืœื”ื ืจื‘ื” ืฉื™ื›ื•ื•ื ื• ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืฉืœื• ื•ืฉื™ื˜ืขืžื• ืื—"ื› ืžื™ื“ื™, ื•'ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื” ืžืงื“ืฉ', ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื›ืฉื”ื™ื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืงื“ืฉ, ืขื™ื™"ืฉ.
ืืžื ื ื”ืคืž"ื’ ืฉื ื™ื™ืฉื‘ ื“ื”ื›ื ืจื‘ื” ื”ื•ื ื–ื” ืฉืืžืจ ืœื”ื ื›ืŸ, ื•ืจื‘ื” ืœืฉื™ื˜ืชื• ื“ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื“ืก"ืœ ื“ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ื›ื•ื ื”, ืขื™ื™"ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื•ื“ื•"ืง. [ื•ืข"ืข ื‘ืžื "ื— (ืžืฆื•ื” ืœื ืื•ืช ื™ื) ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืœื“ื•ืŸ ืœื“ื™ื“ืŸ ื“ืงื™ื™"ืœ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื” ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ื›ื•ื ื”, ืื™ืš ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ืฉืงื™ื“ืฉ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื‘ืœื ื›ื•ื ื”, ืื ื™ืฆื ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื–ื” ืขื›"ืค ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืช ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื–ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืกืขื•ื“ื”, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ ืฉื™ืขืฉื” ืื—"ื› ืžื”ื ื™ ื’ื ืื ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืกืขื•ื“ื”, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื“ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื”ื•ื ืจืง ืžื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ, (ื•ื›ื "ืœ ืื•ืช ื›ื—), ื•ื–ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ืฆื ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ. ืื• ืฉืื™ื ื• ื™ื•ืฆื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืช ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ ืงื•ื“ื ืฉื™ืฆื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืชื• ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœืงื“ืฉ ื‘ื›ื•ื ื” ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืกืขื•ื“ื”, ืขื™ื™"ืฉ].
ื•ื”ืฆืœ"ื— [ื›ืืŸ, ื‘ืกื•"ื“] ื›ืชื‘ ืœื™ื™ืฉื‘ ืฉื‘ืืžืช ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืืžืจ ืœื”ื, ืืœื ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืžืขื™ืงืจื ื”ื™ืชื” ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื ืฉืื ื™ืชืขืงืจ ืฉืจื’ื, ื™ืฆืื• ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื–ื”, ืขื™ื™"ืฉ. ื•ื’ื ื”ื’ืจืฉ"ื– ืื•ื™ืขืจื‘ืืš ื–ืฆ"ืœ [ื‘ืžื ื—ืช ืฉืœืžื” ื›ืืŸ] ื›ืชื‘ ื“ืžื”ื ื“ืœื ื ื–ื›ืจ ื‘ื’ืžืจื ืฉื”ื–ื”ื™ืจื ืฉื™ื›ื•ื ื• ืœืฆืืช ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื•ืจืง ื”ื–ื”ื™ืจื ืฉื™ื˜ืขืžื•, ืžืฉืžืข ื˜ืคื™ ืฉืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืืžืจ ืœื”ื ื›ืŸ, ื•ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ [ืฉื”ืงืฉื• ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื•ื›ื "ืœ] ืฆ"ืœ ื“ื‘ืœืื• ื”ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื“ืขืชื ืฉืžื ื™ืฆืื• ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืชื ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื–ื”, ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื• ืœืฆืืช ืขืœ ืชื ืื™ ืื ื™ืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœืงื“ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืœื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื™ืชื. (ื•ืกื™ื™ื ื“ืืฃ ืฉื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื“ื ื• ืื ืžื”ื ื™ ืชื ืื™ ื›ื–ื”, ื•ื›ื ื•ื“ืข, ืž"ืž ืœืžืขืฉื” ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื›ืŸ ื‘ื›ืžื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื).


ืœื“. ืื›ื™ืœืช 'ืžื™ื ื™ ืชืจื’ื™ืžื' ืœืงื™ื•ื 'ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืกืขื•ื“ื”'

ื‘ืชื•ืก' ื“"ื” ื˜ืขื™ืžื• ืžื™ื“ื™, 'ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืื›ื™ืœืช ืคืช'

ื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ืชื•ืก' [ื“"ื” ื˜ืขื™ืžื•] ื“ื”ื ื“ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื” ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื• 'ื˜ืขื™ืžื• ืžื™ื“ื™', ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื˜ืขื™ืžืช ืœื—ื, ื•ืœื ืžื™ื ื™ ืชืจื’ื™ืžื. ื•ืกื™ื™ืžื• ื”ืชื•ืก' ืฉื“ื•ืงื ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืžื•ืขื™ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืชืจื’ื™ืžื ืœื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ ืกืขื•ื“ื”, ื•ืœื ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ืช ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ื•ืฉื—ืจื™ืช, ืฉื”ื ืขื™ืงืจ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉื‘ืช, ืขื›ืช"ื“, ื•ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ืฉื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื™ื™ื 'ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืกืขื•ื“ื”', ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืคืช ื“ื•ืงื, ื•ืœื ืžื™ื ื™ ืชืจื’ื™ืžื.
ืืš ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื‘"ื™ [ื‘ืกื™ืžืŸ ืจืขื’ ืกืขื™ืฃ ื”] ื“ืืฃ ืฉืœื›ืื•' ืžืฉืžืข ื›ืŸ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืก', ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื™ืฉ ืœื“ื—ื•ืช ืฉืžื•ื“ื™ื ืชื•ืก' ืฉื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืช ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื’ื ื‘ืื›ื™ืœืช ืžื™ื ื™ ืชืจื’ื™ืžื ื•ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืื›ื™ืœืช ืคืช ื“ื•ืงื, ื•ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ืชื•ืก' ื“'ื˜ืขื™ืžื• ืžื™ื“ื™' ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืื›ื™ืœืช ืคืช, ื–ื”ื• ืจืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื™ื™ื ื—ื•ื‘ืช ืกืขื•ื“ื”, ืืš ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืช 'ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืกืขื•ื“ื”' ื‘ืืžืช ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ื’ื ืื ืœื ืื›ืœ ืคืช.
ื•ืคื™ืจืฉ ื”ืชื•ืกืคืช ืฉื‘ืช [ืฉื ืก"ืง ื™ื] ื“ืืฃ ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ืชื•ืก' ื‘ืกืžื•ืš ืฉืœื ื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืžื—ืจ ื’' ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืฆืจื™ื›ื ืœื˜ืขื•ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืกืขื•ื“ื”, ืžื—ืžืช ื›ืš ื”ืฆืจื™ื›ื ืฉื™ืื›ืœื• ืคืช, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืฆืื• ื’ื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืช ืกืขื•ื“ืช ืฉื‘ืช, ื•ืœื ื™ืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืžื—ืจ ื’' ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช. ื•ืขื™' ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ืฉื‘ืช [ืฉื ืก"ืง ื•] ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื‘ื–ื”, [ื•ืขื™' ื‘ืื’ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื” ืื•"ื— ื—"ื“ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืกื’ ืขื ืฃ ื– ืžื” ืฉื”ืงืฉื” ืขืœ ื”ื‘"ื™].
ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื“ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืœืคืจืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืก' ื“ื”ื ื“ื”ืฆืจื™ื›ื• ื˜ืขื™ืžืช ืคืช, ื–ื”ื• ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืก"ืœ ืœืชื•ืก' ื›ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช [ืฉื”ื•ื‘ืื• ืœืขื™ืœ ืื•ืช ื“] ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืงื•ื“ื ืกืขื•ื“ืช ืคืช, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื›ืจื—ื• ืœืคืจืฉ ื“'ื˜ืขื™ืžื•' ืฉืืžืจ ืœื”ื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื˜ืขื™ืžืช ืคืช.
ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื ื“ื•ืŸ ืื ื“ื™ ื‘ืื›ื™ืœืช ืคืช ื”ื‘ืื” ื‘ื›ื™ืกื ื™ืŸ ืœืฆืืช ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืช ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืกืขื•ื“ื”, ื ื—ืœืงื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื•ื“ืขืช ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื ื” ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืžื˜ [ืœื•: ื‘ื“ืคื™ ื”ืจื™"ืฃ] ื‘ืฉื ืจื‘ื ื™ ืฆืจืคืช ืฉืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื–ื”, ืขื™ื™"ืฉ ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืฉื“ื•ืงื ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืื™ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื“ื•ืงื ืคืช ืืœื ื“ื™ ื‘ืžื™ื ื™ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื›ื•', ืืš ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืงื“ืฉ ืื—ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ื•ืื—ืช ื‘ืœื™ืœื”, ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื™ืื›ืœ ืคืช ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืกืขื•ื“ื”, ืžืฉื"ื› ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ืฉืื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงื“ืฉ, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืคื˜ื•ืจ ืขืฆืžื• ื’ื ื‘ืื›ื™ืœืช ืคื™ืจื•ืช, ืขื™ื™"ืฉ. ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื‘ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืฉืžืงื“ืฉื™ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืคืช ืžื—ืžืช ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ, [ื•ืขื™' ื‘ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืœื”ืœืŸ ืื•ืช ืœื”], ื•ืขื™' ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืœื›ื” [ืฉื ื‘ืกื™ืžืŸ ืจืขื’ ืกืขื™ืฃ ื” ื“"ื” ื›ืชื‘ื•] ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื–ื• ืžืกืคืจ ืžืขืฉื” ืจื‘, ืฉื”ื’ืจ"ื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื“ืฉ ืืœื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื’ืžื•ืจื” ื’ื ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ื™ื•ื, ื•ื”ืืจื™ื›ื• ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื–ื”. [ืขื™' ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื ื‘ืฉืฉ"ื› ืคืจืง ื ื“ ื”ืขืจื” ืกื].
ื•ื—ื–ื™ื ืŸ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื‘"ื™ ืฉืœืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืื›ื™ืœืช ืคืช ื“ื•ืงื ืืœื ื“ื™ ื‘ืžื™ื ื™ ืชืจื’ื™ืžื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืกืขื•ื“ื”, ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื“ื•ืงื ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื“ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช, ืืœื ื’ื ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื“ืœื™ืœ ืฉื‘ืช ื“ื™ ื‘ืื›ื™ืœืช ืžื™ื ื™ ืชืจื’ื™ืžื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืกืขื•ื“ื”. [ื•ื‘ืฉืฉ"ื› ืคืจืง ื ื“ ื”ืขืจื” ืขื‘ ื›ืชื‘ ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ื›ืŸ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžืฉื "ื‘ ื‘ืกื™ืžืŸ ืจืขื’ ืก"ืง ื›ื”, ื•ืœื›ืื•' ื›ืŸ ืžื•ื›ื— ื’ื ืžืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘"ื™, ื•ื›ื "ืœ].
ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื’ืจืฉ"ื– ืื•ื™ืขืจื‘ืืš ื–ืฆ"ืœ [ื‘ืฉืฉ"ื› ืคืจืง ื ื– ื”ืขืจื” ืœ] ืฉืžื™ ืฉืื•ื›ืœ ืคืช ื”ื‘ืื” ื‘ื›ื™ืกื ื™ืŸ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืœืงื™ื™ื ื“ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืกืขื•ื“ื”, ื•ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ืžืขื™ืŸ ืฉืœืฉ ืฉื‘ื™ืจืš ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื›ื— ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื”ื–ื›ืจืช ืฉื‘ืช, ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืœื‘ืจืš ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืขื™ืŸ ืฉืœืฉ, ืขื™ื™"ืฉ ื˜ืขืžื•.
ืืš ื ื—ืœืงื• ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืื™ืš ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ืฉืขืฉื” ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื•ืื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช, ื•ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ืช ื”ืคืช ืฉืื•ื›ืœ ืœืื—ืจ ื–ืžืŸ, ืฉื›ื— ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ 'ืจืฆื”', ืื ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื•ืžื‘ืจืš ืื• ืœื, ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื”ื“"ื˜ [ืื•"ื— ืกื™ืžืŸ ื™ื’ ืื•ืช ื™ื“], ื”ืืจื—ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื [ื‘ืกื™ืžืŸ ืงืคื— ืก"ืง ื™ื] ื•ื”ื›ืฃ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื [ืฉื ืก"ืง ืž] ื›ืชื‘ื• ื‘ืฉื ืฉื•"ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื•ื“ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื•ืžื‘ืจืš ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ, ื“ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืฉื ื™ื” ื–ื• ื“ื™ื ื” ื›ืžื• ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช, ืืš ื”ื’ืจืฉ"ื– ืื•ื™ืขืจื‘ืืš ื–ืฆ"ืœ [ื”ื•"ื“ ื‘ืฉืฉ"ื› ืฉื ื”ืขืจื” ืœื‘] ื›ืชื‘ ื“ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ื“ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื•ืžื‘ืจืš ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื‘ืžื” ืฉืื›ืœ ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื ืชื›ื•ื™ืŸ ืจืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฆืืช ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืช ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืกืขื•ื“ื”, ื•ืœื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืช ืกืขื•ื“ื”. ื•ื’ื ื”ืงื”ืœื•ืช ื™ืขืงื‘ [ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืกื™ืžืŸ ื›ื”] ื”ื ื™ื— ื‘ืฆ"ืข ื“ื™ืŸ ื–ื”, ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื“ืœื“ื™ื ื ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื™ื“ื™ื• ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื›ื–ื™ืช ืคืช ื•ืื– ื™ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ, ื•ื™ืคื˜ื•ืจ ื‘ื–ื” ื’"ื› ืื›ื™ืœืชื• ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช, ืขื™ื™"ืฉ.


ืœื”. ื˜ืขืžื™ ื”ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ืื›ื™ืœืช 'ืžื™ื ื™ ืชืจื’ื™ืžื' ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืช ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช

ื‘ืชื•ืก' ืฉื, 'ื•ืื ืžื•ืขื™ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืชืจื’ื™ืžื ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ื’' ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืช ื•ื›ื•', ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื“ื•ืงื ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื•ื›ื•''

ืชื•ืก' [ื“"ื” ื˜ืขื™ืžื•] ืฆื™ื“ื“ื• ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื‘ืžื™ื ื™ ืชืจื’ื™ืžื, ื•ื›ื“ืืฉื›ื—ืŸ ื‘ืกื•ื›ื”, [ื•ืคื™ืจืฉ ื”ืžื”ืจืฉ"ื ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžื” ืฉืืžืจื• ืฉื ืฉืื ืœื ืื›ืœ ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืคืช ื‘ืกื•ื›ื”, ืžืฉืœื™ื ื‘ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื™ื ื™ ืชืจื’ื™ืžื], ื•ื ื—ืœืงื• ื‘ื–ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœื”ืœื›ื”, ืขื™' ื‘ื˜ื•ืจ ื•ื‘ืฉื•"ืข [ืกื™ืžืŸ ืจืฆื ืกืขื™ืฃ ื] ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื–ื”.
ื•ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื• ื”ืชื•ืก' ืฉื“ื•ืงื ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืžื™ื ื™ ืชืจื’ื™ืžื ืœืกืขื•ื“ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ืช ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ื•ืฉื—ืจื™ืช, ืœื ืžื”ื ื™ ืžื™ื ื™ ืชืจื’ื™ืžื, [ื•ื”ืชื•ืก' ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ื‘ื–ื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืฉื”ื•ื‘ืื” ื‘ืจืžื‘"ืŸ, ื‘ืจืฉื‘"ื ื•ื‘ืจ"ืŸ ืฉื‘ืช ืงื™ื–: ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื’' ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช ื“ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืžื™ื ื™ ืชืจื’ื™ืžื, ื•ื‘ืฉืขืจ ื”ืžืœืš (ื”ืœ' ืกื•ื›ื” ืค"ื• ื”"ื–) ื“ื™ื™ืง ื›ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื–ื• ื’ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžื’ื™ื“ ืžืฉื ื” (ื”ืœ' ืฉื‘ืช ืค"ืœ ื”"ื˜) ืฉืžืฉืžืข ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉื”ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื“ื“ื™ ื‘ืžื™ื ื™ ืชืจื’ื™ืžื ืœืกืขื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช, ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืŸ ื’ื ื‘ืฉืชื™ ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช].
ื˜ืขื ื”ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ืœืฉืืจ ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช ื›ืชื‘ื• ืชื•ืก' ื“ืกืขื•ื“ืช ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ื•ืฉื—ืจื™ืช ื”ื ืขื™ืงืจ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉื‘ืช, ืœื›ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ื‘ื”ื ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื’ืžื•ืจื”, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืžื™ื ื™ ืชืจื’ื™ืžื.
ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื ื” ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืžื˜: [ืœื•: ื‘ื“ืคื™ ื”ืจื™"ืฃ] ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืฉื ืจื‘ื ื™ ืฆืจืคืช ืœืคืจืฉ ื˜ืขื ื”ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ืœืฉืชื™ ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ืฉื“ื•ืงื ื‘ืฉืชื™ ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืงื“ืฉ ืื—ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ื•ืื—ืช ื‘ืœื™ืœื”, ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื™ืื›ืœ ืคืช ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืกืขื•ื“ื”, [ื“ืกื•ื‘ืจ ืจื‘ื ื• ื™ื•ื ื” ืฉืœืงื™ื•ื ื“ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื“ื•ืงื ืคืช, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืžื™ื ื™ ืชืจื’ื™ืžื, ื•ื›ื "ืœ ืื•ืช ืœื“], ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ืฉืื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงื“ืฉ, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืคื˜ื•ืจ ืขืฆืžื• ื’ื ื‘ืื›ื™ืœืช ืคื™ืจื•ืช, ืขื™ื™"ืฉ. ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื“ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืฉืžืงื“ืฉื™ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืคืช ืžื—ืžืช ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ.
ื˜ืขื ื ื•ืกืฃ ื“ืœื ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืคืช ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช, ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืžื—ื–ื™ืง ื‘ืจื›ื” [ื‘ืกื™ืžืŸ ืจืฆื ืก"ืง ื“] ืฉื“ื•ืงื ื‘ืฉืชื™ ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืกืขื•ื“ืช ืœื™ืœ ืฉื‘ืช ื•ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช, ื“ืจื•ื‘ื ื“ืขืœืžื ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ื’ื ื‘ืฉืืจ ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืชื™ ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืคืช, ืœื›ืŸ ื’ื ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘' ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช ืืœื• ื‘ืคืช, ืืš ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื”ื ื•ืกืคืช ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืื™ืŸ ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื” ื‘ื—ื•ืœ, ืกื’ื™ ืœื–ื” ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืื• ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœ. ื•ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื›ืŸ ื ืจืื” ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืชื•ืก' [ื›ืืŸ] ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉื“ื•ืงื ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ืžื•ืขื™ืœ ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื ื™ ืชืจื’ื™ืžื ื•ืœื ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ืช ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ื•ืฉื—ืจื™ืช, ืฉื”ื ืขื™ืงืจ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉื‘ืช, ื“ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื“ื•ืงื ื‘' ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืื•ื›ืœ ื›ืŸ ื’ื ื‘ืฉืืจ ื™ืžื™ื, ืœื›ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืคืช ื‘ืฉื‘ืช, ืžืฉื"ื› ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ืชื•ืกืคืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช.
ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื–ื” ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื‘"ื— [ื‘ืกื™ืžืŸ ืจืฆื ืกืขื™ืฃ ื”], ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื“ืืฃ ืฉืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืคืช ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ืื›ื™ืœืช ืžื™ื ื™ ืชืจื’ื™ืžื, ืฉื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืกืขื“ ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื’ืžื•ืจื” ื‘ืฉื—ืจื™ืช ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืขื™ืงืจ, ืฉื•ื‘ ืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ื ืœืคื ื•ืช ืขืจื‘, ื›ื™ ื™ืกืคื™ืง ืœื”ืฉื‘ื™ืข ื ืคืฉื• ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฉืขื” ื‘ืžื™ื ื™ ืชืจื’ื™ืžื, ื•ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื—ื ืžืžืฉ, ื“ืœื ื’ืจืข ืžืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ืฉื‘ืข ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ืžืงื™ื™ื ืื•ืชื” ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฆื”, ืื• ืื ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืœื” ืžืจื•ื‘ ืื›ื™ืœื”, ื“ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืœื’ืžืจื™, ืขื™ื™"ืฉ.
ื•ื”ืœื‘ื•ืฉ [ืฉื ื‘ืกื™ืžืŸ ืจืฆื ื”] ืคื™ืจืฉ ื“ื”ื ื“ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื‘ืžื™ื ื™ ืชืจื’ื™ืžื, ื–ื”ื• ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื“ืจืš ื”ืื“ื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื›"ื› ื‘ืชื™ืื‘ื•ืŸ, ืœื›ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืชื” ื‘ืžื™ื ื™ ืชืจื’ื™ืžื ื•ื›ื•', [ื•ื’ื ื‘'ืชื•ืกืคืช ืฉื‘ืช' ืฉื ืก"ืง ื™ื“ ื›ืชื‘ ื˜ืขื ื–ื”, ื•ื”ื•"ื“ ื‘ืžืฉื "ื‘ ืฉื ืก"ืง ื›ื“], ื•ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื”ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ืฉื™ืฉ ืกืžืš ืœื“ืขื•ืช ืืœื• ืžื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื‘'ื”ื™ื•ื' ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ [-ื“ืžืžื ื• ื™ืœืคื™ื ืŸ ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช] 'ื”ื™ื•ื ืœื ืชืžืฆืื•ื”ื•', ื“ืžืฉืžืข ื“ืืฃ ืื ืœื ืชืžืฆืื• ืืช ื”ืžืŸ, ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื—ื, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืื›ืœื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืœืฆืืช ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ื”, ื“ื”ื 'ืื›ืœื•ื”ื•' ืงืื™ ื’ื ืขืœ ื–ื”, ืขื™ื™"ืฉ.
ืขื•ื“ ื™ืฉ ืœืคืจืฉ ื”ื˜ืขื ื“ื“ื™ ืœืกืขื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื‘ืžื™ื ื™ ืชืจื’ื™ืžื ืข"ืค ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื—ืช"ืก [ืœืงืžืŸ ืงื˜ื•:], ืฉืคื™ืจืฉ ื’ื“ืจ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืจื“ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื‘' ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช, ืื—ื“ ืœื™ื•ื ื•ืื—ื“ ืœืœื™ืœื”, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ืขืจื‘ ืฉื‘ืช ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืจื“ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื“' ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช, ื‘' ืœื™ื•ื ืขืจื‘ ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืœืœื™ืœ ืฉื‘ืช, ื•ื‘' ืœื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืขืฆืžื•, ื•ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืœื™ืœ ืžื•ืฆืื™ ืฉื‘ืช, ืื•ื›ืœื” ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืœืงื™ื™ื ืฉืœืฉ ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช, [ื•ืขื™' ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉื ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืœืคืจืฉ ืœืค"ื– ืžืขืœืช ืฉื‘ืช ืขืœ ืฉืืจ ื™ืžื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื], ืขื›ืช"ื“, ื•ืœืค"ื– ื™ืชื›ืŸ ื“ืžื˜ืขื ื–ื” ืœื ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืคืช ืœืกืขื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื™ืจื“ ืžืŸ ื ื•ืกืฃ ื›ื ื’ื“ ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื–ื•, ืืœื ื ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื• ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืžืŸ ืฉื™ืจื“ ืœืžื•ืฆืื™ ืฉื‘ืช, ืœืคื ื™ ื’ืžืจ ื”ืฉื‘ืช, ืœืงื™ื™ื ืฉืœืฉ ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช.
ื•ืข"ืข ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ื ื”ื’ื•ืช [ื—"ื ืกื™ืžืŸ ืจืกื“] ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืœืคืจืฉ ื˜ืขื ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื“ืœื ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืคืช ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช.
(ื•ืขื›"ืค ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื“ืœื›ืœ ื”ื˜ืขืžื™ื ืฉื™ื™ืš ื˜ืขื ื–ื” ื“ื™ื•ืฆื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืชื• ื‘ืžื™ื ื™ ืชืจื’ื™ืžื ืจืง ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื•ืœื ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืฉื ื™ื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื ืื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืชืจื’ื™ืžื ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื ืจื‘ื”, ื"ื ืœื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ ื–ื” ืœืกืขื•ื“ื” ืฉื ื™ื” ื›ืœืœ, ื•ื›ืžืฉ"ื› ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ืฉื‘ื˜ ื”ืœื•ื™ [ื—"ื ืกื™ืžืŸ ื ื–] ืžื˜ืขื ื–ื”, ืขื™ื™"ืฉ).


ืœื•. ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืฉืœื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื ืจื•ืช

ื‘ื’ืž' 'ื“ืœืžื ื•ื›ื•' ืžืชืขืงืจื ืœื›ื• ืฉืจื’ื ื•ื›ื•' ื•ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื ื“ื”ื›ื ืœื ื ืคืงื™ืชื•'

ื‘ืžืจื“ื›ื™ [ืœื”.] ื•ื‘ืชื•ืก' ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืคืจืฅ ืคื™ืจืฉื• ื”ื ื“ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื” ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื• 'ื“ืœืžื ื•ื›ื•' ืžืชืขืงืจื ืœื›ื• ืฉืจื’ื ื•ื›ื•' ื•ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื ื“ื”ื›ื ืœื ื ืคืงื™ืชื•', ื“ืžื” ืฉืœื ื™ืฆืื• ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ, ื–ื”ื• ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ื ืจ ืœืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ, ืื‘ืœ ืžืฉื•ื ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉืฉ, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืกืขื•ื“ืช ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืœื ื ืจ, ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื”ืจื"ืฉ [ื‘ืกื™ืžืŸ ื”] ืฉื™ืฉ ืฉื”ื•ื›ื™ื—ื• ืžื›ืืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžืงื“ืฉื™ื ืืœื ืœืื•ืจ ื”ื ืจ, ื•ืคื™ืจืฉื• ื”ื ื“ืืžืจื• ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืŸ 'ื“ืœืžื ืžืชืขืงืจื ืœื›ื• ืฉืจื’ื ื•ื›ื•' ื•ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื ื“ื”ื›ื ืœื ื ืคืงื™ืชื•', ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืœื ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืงื“ืฉ ื‘ืœื ื ืจ.
ืืš ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจื"ืฉ ืœื“ื—ื•ืช ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื–ื”, ืฉื‘ืืžืช ืื ื”ื™ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืœื ื ืจ, ื”ื™ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื’ื ืœืงื“ืฉ ื‘ืœื ื ืจ, ื•ืจื‘ื” ืงืืžืจ ืœื”ื• ืฉื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื™ืจืฆื• ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืœื ื ืจ, ืžืžื™ืœื ืœื ื™ืฆืื• ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืช ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ, [-ืžื—ืžืช ืฉืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืืœื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืกืขื•ื“ื”], ืขื™ื™"ืฉ. [ื•ื›ืŸ ืคื™ืจืฉ ื”ืžื”ืจืฉ"ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืก', ื•ื›ื“ืœื”ืœืŸ ืื•ืช ืœื–]. ื•ื”ื•ื‘ืื• ื‘' ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืืœื• ื‘ื˜ื•ืจ ื•ื‘ื‘"ื™ [ืกื•"ืก ืจืขื’].
ื•ื‘ืฉื•"ืข [ืฉื ื‘ืกืขื™ืฃ ื–] ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืœื›ื” ื‘' ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช, ืฉื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžืงื“ืฉื™ืŸ ืืœื ืœืื•ืจ ื”ื ืจ, ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื ืจ, ื•ืื ื”ื•ื ื ื”ื ื” ื‘ื—ืฆืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืคื ื™ ื”ืื•ื™ืจ ืื• ืžืคื ื™ ื”ื–ื‘ื•ื‘ื™ื, ืžืงื“ืฉ ื‘ื—ืฆืจ ื•ืื•ื›ืœ ืฉื ืืข"ืค ืฉืื™ื ื• ืจื•ืื” ื”ื ืจ, ืฉื”ื ืจื•ืช ืœืขื•ื ื’ ื ืฆื˜ื•ื• ื•ืœื ืœืฆืขืจ. ื•ืกื™ื™ื ื”ืฉื•"ืข ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ื“ื”ื›ื™ ืžืกืชื‘ืจื. ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืœื›ื” [ืฉื] ื“ื”ื›ืจืขืช ื”ืฉื•"ืข ื”ื™ื ื“ื•ืงื ืขืœ ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื ื”ื ื” ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ื—ืฆืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, [ื•ื›ื’ื•ื•ื ื ื“ืกื™ืคื], ื“ืืœ"ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืก"ืœ ืฉืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ื ืจ, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืฉื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืืœื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืกืขื•ื“ื”.


ืœื–. ืื›ื™ืœืช ืกืขื•ื“ืช ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืœื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื ืจื•ืช

ื‘ืชื•ืก' ื“"ื” ื•ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื, 'ื•ืžื” ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœ ืกืขื•ื“ืช ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืœื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืœื ื ืจ ื•ื›ื•''

ื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ืชื•ืก' [ื“"ื” ื•ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื] ื“ืžื” ืฉืœื ื”ื–ื”ื™ืจ ืจื‘ื” ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื• ืฉืื ื™ื›ื‘ื• ื”ื ืจื•ืช ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืกืขื•ื“ืช ืฉื‘ืช, ื–ื”ื• ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืกืขื•ื“ืช ืฉื‘ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืœืžื—ืจ, ืื• ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืกืขื•ื“ืช ืœื™ืœ ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืจืง ื ืจ ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ื™ื™ืŸ. ื•ืคื™ืจืฉ ื”ืชืจื•ืžืช ื”ื“ืฉืŸ [ื‘ืกื™ืžืŸ ืฆื’, ื•ื—"ื‘ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืงื ื—] ืฉื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืชื•ืก' ืฉืื™ืŸ ืจื’ื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื“ืจืš ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืœื ื ืจ. ื•ื›ืŸ ืคื™ืจืฉ ื”ืžื”ืจืฉ"ื, ื•ื›ื "ืœ ืื•ืช ืœื•. [ื•ืœืค"ื– ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื–ื”ื• ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืงื™ื™ื ื’' ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืžื—ืจ, ื“ืืฃ ืฉืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื™ืฉ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืื—ืช ื‘ืœื™ืœื”, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื ืจ ื‘ืœื™ืœื”, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื’' ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื, ืขื™' ื‘ืกืžื•ืš ืื•ืช ืœื—].
ื•ื”ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื›ืืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ื“ืืžืจ ืœื”ื• ืจืง 'ื•ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื ื“ื”ื›ื ืœื ื ืคืงื™ืชื•', ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉืฉื, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืœื ื ืจ, ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืชืจื•ืžืช ื”ื“ืฉืŸ [ืฉื ื—"ื‘ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืงื ื—] ื“ื™"ืœ ืฉื”ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืœืง ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืก' ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื“ืจืš ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืœื ื ืจ, ื•ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืจืง ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืื ืื•ื›ืœ ื‘ืœื ื ืจ, ื™ื•ืฆื ืขื›"ืค ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืช ืกืขื•ื“ื”, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ื ืจ ืžืขื›ื‘ ืœืกืขื•ื“ื”, [ื•ืžืฉื"ื› ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืฉืกื•ื‘ืจ ื”ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ื‘ื• ืื ืขื•ืฉื”ื• ืฉืœื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื ืจ, ื•ื›ื "ืœ ืื•ืช ืœื•], ืืš ื’ื ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื“ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืฆืขืจ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืœื ื ืจ, ืขื™ื™"ืฉ ื‘ืชืจื•ืžืช ื”ื“ืฉืŸ ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืœืค"ื–.
ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื“ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื ืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืกืขื•ื“ื”, ื™ืฉ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืžื” ืฉืคื™ืจืฉ ืจืฉ"ื™ [ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื›ื”: ื“"ื” ื—ื•ื‘ื”] ื”ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ื’ืžืจื [ืฉื] ื“ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื ืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื—ื•ื‘ื”, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืฉื•ื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉื‘ืช, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืืœื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื ืจ ื›ืขื™ืŸ ื™ืžืžื, ื‘ืคืจืง ื‘ืชืจื ื“ื™ื•ืžื.
(ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ื ื“ืื™' ื‘ื’ืžืจื ื‘ื™ื•ืžื [ืขื”:], ื”ืื™ ืžืืŸ ื“ืื™ืช ืœื™ื” ืกืขื•ื“ืชื, ืœื ืœืื›ืœื™ื” ืืœื ื‘ื™ืžืžื, ื•ืคื™ืจืฉื• ื‘ื’ืžืจื ืฉื ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• 'ื›ืขื™ืŸ ื™ืžืžื', ื•ืคื™ืจืฉ ืจืฉ"ื™ [ืฉื] ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืื•ืจ ื”ืื‘ื•ืงื”. ื•ืขื•ื“ ืื™' ื‘ื’ืžืจื ืฉื [ืขื“:], ืื™ื ื• ื“ื•ืžื” ืžื™ ืฉืจื•ืื” ื•ืื•ื›ืœ ืœืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืจื•ืื” ื•ืื•ื›ืœ, ืืžืจ ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืžื›ืืŸ ืจืžื– ืœืกื•ืžื™ืŸ ืฉืื•ื›ืœื™ืŸ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืขื™ืŸ. ืืžืจ ืื‘ื™ื™ ื”ืœื›ืš ืžืืŸ ื“ืื™ืช ืœื™ื” ืกืขื•ื“ืชื, ืœื ืœื™ื›ืœื” ืืœื ื‘ื™ืžืžื, ื"ืจ ื–ื™ืจื ืžืื™ ืงืจื [ืงื”ืœืช ื• ื˜] 'ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืจืื” ืขื™ื ื™ื ืžื”ืœืš ื ืคืฉ').
ื•ื›ืžื•"ื› ื”ื‘ื™ื ื”ืฉื‘ืœื™ ื”ืœืงื˜ [ืกื™ืžืŸ ื ื˜]. ื•ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืข"ื– ื”ื ื“ืืžืจื•, 'ืœึถื—ึถื ื‘ึผึทื‘ึผึนืงึถืจ ืœึดืฉื‚ึฐื‘ึผื•ึนืขึท', ืžื›ืืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ื™ืขื” ืืœื ื‘ืžืจืื™ืช ื”ืขื™ืŸ, ื•ืกื™ื™ื ืข"ื–, ื•ืžื™ ืฉืื•ื›ืœื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืœื ื ืจ, ื‘ื—ื•ืฉืš ื™ื“ืžื•, ื›ื™ ืื™ื ืŸ ืื•ื›ืœื™ืŸ ืœืฉื•ื‘ืข ื ืคืฉืŸ. ื•ืขื•ื“, ืฉืžื ื™ืคื•ืœ ื–ื‘ื•ื‘ ื‘ืžืื›ืœ ืื• ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื•ืื™ื ื• ืจื•ืื”ื•, ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืืžืจื• ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื ืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืชืขื ื’ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืžืื›ืœ ื•ื‘ืžืฉืชื”, ืขื™ื™"ืฉ. [ื•ืขื™' ื‘ื‘"ื™ ืกื•"ืก ืจืขื’ ื•ืžืฉื "ื‘ ืฉื ืก"ืง ืœื‘, (ืขื™ื™"ืฉ ืฉื“ื•ืงื ื‘ืžืฆื˜ืขืจ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ื—ืฆืจ, ืืš ื‘ืกืชื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื“ื•ืงื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื ืจ), ื•ืขื™' ื‘ืกื™ืžืŸ ืจืกื’ ื‘ืžืฉื "ื‘ ืก"ืง ืžื”, ื•ืขื•ื“].


ืœื—. ื”ืื ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื™ืฉ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื‘ืœื™ืœ ืฉื‘ืช ืื• ื“ื™ ื‘ืื›ื™ืœืช ืฉืœืฉ ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื

ื‘ืชื•ืก' ืฉื, 'ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืœืžื—ืจ ืฉืœืฉ ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช'

ื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ืชื•ืก' [ื“"ื” ื•ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื] ื•ื”ืจื"ืฉ [ื‘ืกื™ืžืŸ ื”] ื“ืžื” ืฉื”ื–ื”ื™ืจ ืจื‘ื” ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื• ืฉื™ืื›ืœื• ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื™ืœื›ื• ืœื‘ื™ืชื ืฉืžื ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืงื“ืฉ ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื, ื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”ื™ืจื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืœื ื™ืงื™ื™ืžื• ื—ื•ื‘ืช ืกืขื•ื“ืช ืฉื‘ืช, ื–ื”ื• ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืกืขื•ื“ื” ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืงื™ื™ื ื’ื ืžื—ืจ, ืข"ื™ ืฉื™ืื›ืœื• ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉืœืฉ ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžืฉื•ื ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืžืขื™ืงืจื. ื•ื‘ืžื’ืŸ ืื‘ืจื”ื [ื‘ืกื™ืžืŸ ืจืขื“ ืก"ืง ื‘, ื•ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ ืฉื] ืจืฆื” ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืžื–ื” ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื™ื™ื ื›ืœ ื’' ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื.
ืืžื ื ื‘ืกื•"ื“ ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืžื’ืŸ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืื—ืช ื‘ืœื™ืœ ืฉื‘ืช ื“ื•ืงื, ื•ื›ื“ืžื•ื›ื— ืžื”ื ื“ืืกื•ืจ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื‘ืขืจื‘ ืฉื‘ืช ืžื‘ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืื›ืœ ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ืœืชื™ืื‘ื•ืŸ. ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ ืฉืœืค"ื– ืฆ"ืœ ื“ื”ื ื“ืœื ื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ืื›ื™ืœืช ื”ืœื™ืœื”, ืืฃ ืฉืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื‘ืœื™ืœื”, ื–ื”ื• ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืื›ื™ืœื” ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ืื™ื ื” ืืœื ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”, ื•ืื™ืœื• ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื—ืžื•ืจ ืžื™ื ื”, ืœื›ืš ื ืงื˜ ื”ื”ืงืคื“ื” ืขืœ ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื“ื”ื•ื ื—ืžื•ืจ ื˜ืคื™. ื•ืขื•ื“, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื™ื›ื‘ื• ื”ื ืจื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืฉืคื™ื–ื, ืืœื ืจืง ื—ืฉืฉ 'ื“ืœืžื ืžืชืขืงืจื ืœื›ื• ืฉืจื’ื', ืœื›ืŸ ื“ื•ืงื ืขืœ ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื—ืฉ ืจื‘ื” ื’ื ืžื—ืžืช ืกืคืง ื–ื”, ืžืฉื"ื› ื”ืื›ื™ืœื” ืฉื”ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื”ื•ื ืจืง ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”, ืœื ื—ืฉ ืœื”ื–ื”ื™ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืžืกืคื™ืงื. ื•ืžื–ื” ื”ืกื™ืง ื”ืžื’ืŸ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืื ื™ืฉ ืงืฆืช ืื•ื ืก, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื“ื—ื•ืช ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืขื“ ืœืžื—ืจ, ืขื™ื™"ืฉ.
ื•ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื–ื” ื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ื—ืช"ืก ื•ื”ืžืฆืคื” ืื™ืชืŸ [ืœืขื™ืœ ืฆื˜:] ื•ื”ืžืจื•ืžื™ ืฉื“ื” [ืœืงืžืŸ ืงื–:] ืœืคืจืฉ ืžื” ืฉืืžืจื• ื‘ื’ืžืจื ืฉื ื“ืืคื™ืœื• ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกื™ ื“ืืžืจ ื“ื‘ืขืจื‘ื™ ืฉื‘ืชื•ืช ื•ื™ืžื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืื•ื›ืœ ื•ื”ื•ืœืš ืขื“ ืฉืชื—ืฉืš, ื‘ืขืจื‘ ืคืกื— ืžืฉื•ื ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื ื“ืžืฆื” ืžื•ื“ื” ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœืื›ื•ืœ, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื“ื•ืงื ื‘ืขืจื‘ื™ ืฉื‘ืชื•ืช ื•ื™ืžื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืœื ื’ื–ืจื• ืฉืœื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ื”ื ืžื—ืฉืฉ ืฉืขื™"ื› ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืกืขื•ื“ืช ื”ืœื™ืœื”, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื’ื ืื ืœื ื™ืฆื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืชื• ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ืช ื”ืœื™ืœื”, ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฉืœื™ืžื” ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ืช ื”ื™ื•ื, ื•ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืชื•ืก' ื›ืืŸ [ื“"ื” ื•ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื], ืžืฉื"ื› ื‘ื›ื–ื™ืช ืžืฆื” ื“ืœื™ืœ ืคืกื—, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ืŸ, ืœื›ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ืฉ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกื™ ื•ืื•ืกืจ ืžื—ืžืชื• ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืขืจื‘ ื”ืคืกื— ืžืŸ ื”ืžื ื—ื” ื•ืœืžืขืœื”, ื•ื›ื "ืœ ืื•ืช ื. [ื•ืืžื ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืคื™ืจืฉื• ื”ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืจื‘ื™ ืฉื‘ืชื•ืช ื•ื™ืžื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืœืขืจื‘ ืคืกื— ื‘ืื•ืค"ื, ืขื™' ื‘ืชื•ืก' ืจื™"ื“ (ื”ื•"ื“ ืœืขื™ืœ ืื•ืช ื˜ื–) ื•ื‘ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื“ื•ื“ ื•ืจ"ืŸ (ื”ื•"ื“ ืœืขื™ืœ ืื•ืช ื›ื–). ื•ืขื™' ื’ื ื‘ืฆืœ"ื— ืœืขื™ืœ ืฆื˜: ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืœืคืจืฉ ื‘ื–ื”, ื•ื›ืขื™"ื– ื›ืชื‘ ื‘'ืžืงืจืื™ ืงื•ื“ืฉ' (ืคืกื— ื—"ื‘ ืกื™ืžืŸ ื›ื–) ืœืคืจืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื“ืืžืจื• ื‘ื’ืžืจื ืฉื ืœืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”].
(ื•ืขื›"ืค ืœืคื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžื’ืŸ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื“ืžื—ืžืช ืงืฆืช ืื•ื ืก ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื“ื—ื•ืช ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืœืžื—ืจ, ื™ืฉ ืœืคืจืฉ ื”ื ื“'ืžืชืขืงืจื ืœื›ื• ืฉืจื’ื', ื“ืืข"ืค ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืกืขื•ื“ืช ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืœื ื ืจ, [ื•ื›ื "ืœ ืื•ืช ืœื–], ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืฆืขืจ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืœื ื ืจ, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืžื—ืžืช ื›ืš ืœื“ื—ื•ืช ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืœืžื—ืจ, ื•ื“ื•"ืง).
ืืžื ื ืœื“ื™ื ื ื”ืขืœื” ื”ืžืฉื "ื‘ [ืฉื ืก"ืง ื—] ืฉืœื ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžื’ืŸ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื”ื "ืœ [ืฉืืฃ ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืจืง 'ืงืฆืช ืื•ื ืก' ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื“ื—ื•ืช ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืœืžื—ืจ], ืืœื ืฉื“ื•ืงื ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• 'ืื•ื ืก' ืฉืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืกืขื•ื“ืช ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื“ื—ื•ืช ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืœืžื—ืจ, ืืš ืžื—ืžืช 'ืงืฆืช ืื•ื ืก' ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื“ื—ื•ืช ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื”, ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืคื™ืจืฉ ื‘ืฉืขืจ ื”ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื. [ื•ืกืžืš ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืคืž"ื’ ืฉืคื™ืจืฉ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืค"ื, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื’ืŸ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื™ื ื• ืžื•ื›ืจื—, ืขื™ื™"ืฉ. ื•ืข"ืข ื‘ืฉืฉ"ื› ืคืจืง ื ื“ ื”ืขืจื” ืงื™ื’].
ื• ื”ืœื‘ื•ืฉ [ื‘ืกื™ืžืŸ ืจืฆื ืกืขื™ืฃ ื’] ื›ืชื‘ ืฉืžืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืืช ื›ืœ ื’' ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืœ ืชืœืชื 'ื”ื™ื•ื' ืขื™ืงืจื ืขืœ ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื ืืžืจื•, ืฉืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื ื™ื—ื• ืืช ื”ืžืŸ ืขื“ ื”ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื•ืจื™ืžื” ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ื•, ืื– ืืžืจ ืœื”ื ืžืฉื” 'ืื›ืœื•ื”ื• ื”ื™ื•ื ื•ื’ื•'', ืืœื ืฉืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืคื™ืจืฉื•ื”ื• ื—ื–"ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉื“ืจืš ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืœืื›ื•ืœ, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืื—ืช ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ื•ืฉืชื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื, ืขื™ื™"ืฉ.
(ืืš ืขื›"ืค ื‘ืื›ื™ืœืช ื‘' ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ืฆื™ื“ื“ื• ื”ื’ืจืฉ"ื– ืื•ื™ืขืจื‘ืืš ื–ืฆ"ืœ [ื”ื•"ื“ ื‘'ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœืžื”' ืค"ื— ื”ืขืจื” 64], ื”ื’ืจื™"ืฉ ืืœื™ืฉื™ื‘ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื [ื‘'ื”ืขืจื•ืช' ืœืงืžืŸ ืงื–:] ื•ื”ื’ืจ"ื— ืงื ื™ื™ื‘ืกืงื™ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื [ื”ื•"ื“ ื‘ืกืคืจ 'ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ืžืฉืงื”'] ืฉืื™ื ื• ื™ื•ืฆื ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฆื•ืช ื’' ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช, ืฉื”ืžืฆื•ื” ื”ื™ื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืื—ืช ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื•ืฉืชื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื. ื•ื”ื’ืจื™"ืฉ ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืฉื”ื˜ืขื ื‘ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื™ื•ื ืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืœื™ืœื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘' ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ื“ื•ืงื. ื•ื›ืชื‘ ืฉืžื˜ืขื ื–ื” ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ื‘' ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื’ื ื‘ืขืจื‘ ืคืกื— ืฉื—ืœ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช).
ื•ื‘ืจืžื‘"ื [ื”ืœ' ืฉื‘ืช ืค"ืœ ื”"ื˜] ืื™', ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืื“ื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืฉืœืฉ ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ืช, ืื—ืช ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ื•ืื—ืช ืฉื—ืจื™ืช ื•ืื—ืช ื‘ืžื ื—ื”, ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืžื’ื™ื“ ืžืฉื ื” ืฉื ืฉืžืฉืžืข ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉืกื•ื‘ืจ ืฉืžืฆื•ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื’' ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืืœื• ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื. (ื•ื’ื ืžืฉืžืข ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉื–ืžืŸ ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื”ื•ื ื‘ืžื ื—ื”, [ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื”ืžื’ื™ื“ ืžืฉื ื” ืฉื ืฉื ื—ืœืงื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื–ื”, ืฉื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื—ืœืง ืกืขื•ื“ืช ืฉื—ืจื™ืช ืœืฉืชื™ื], ื•ืขื™' ื‘ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืœื”ืœืŸ ืื•ืช ืขื” ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืžื ื—ื” ืœืคื ื™ ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช).
ื•ืœืฉื™ื˜ื” ื–ื• ืฉื–ืžืŸ ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ืงื ื‘ืœื™ืœื”, ื™ืฉ ืœื“ื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ืฉืœื ืื›ืœ ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื•ืื•ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉืœืฉ ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช, ื•ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ืฉืื•ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉื›ื— ืœื•ืžืจ 'ืจืฆื”', ืื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœื‘ืจืš ื›ืฉืืจ ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืฉื ื™ื” ื‘ืฉื‘ืช, ืื• ืฉื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืกืขื•ื“ื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืฉื ื™ื” ื‘ื™ื•ื, ืื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœื‘ืจืš. ื•ื ื—ืœืงื• ื‘ื–ื” ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื, ื”ืคืจื™ ืžื’ื“ื™ื [ื‘ืกื™ืžืŸ ืงืคื— ื‘ื"ื ืก"ืง ื˜ื•, ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื™ื•"ื˜, ืืš ืžืฉืžืข ืฉื ื“ื”"ื” ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืช] ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘' ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื, ืžืžื™ืœื ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื’"ื› ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื”, ื•ื”ื•"ื“ ื‘ืžืฉื "ื‘ [ืฉื ื‘ืกื™ืžืŸ ืงืคื— ืก"ืง ื›ื•]. ืืš ื”ื‘ืจื›ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ [ื‘ืกื™ืžืŸ ืจืฆื ืก"ืง ื”] ืฆื™ื“ื“ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื”, ืฉื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ืขืœืžื ืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื›ืฉืœื ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ 'ืจืฆื”' ืืœื ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืื—ืช ืฉืกื•ืขื“ ื‘ื™ื•ื, ืžืžื™ืœื ืืข"ื’ ื“ื”ื›ื ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ืื›ืœ ื‘ืœื™ืœื”, ื’ื ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ื” ืคืช, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืืคืฉืจ ื“ืœื ืื–ืœื™ื ืŸ ื‘ืชืจื™ื”, ื•ื”ื•"ื“ ื‘ืฉืขืจื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” [ืฉื ืก"ืง ื‘] ื•ื‘ืžืฉื "ื‘ [ืฉื ืก"ืง ื•], ืขื™ื™"ืฉ ื‘ืžืฉื "ื‘ ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืฉืื ืฉื›ื— ืจืฆื” ื‘ื‘ื”ืž"ื– ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื”, ืžืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœื‘ืจืš. [ื•ื›ืชื‘ื• ืœื”ืขื™ืจ ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืกื•ืชืจื™ื ืœืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืกื™ืžืŸ ืงืคื—, ื•ื›ื "ืœ]. ื•ื˜ืขื ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื–ื• ื ืชืคืจืฉื” ื‘ืชื”ืœื” ืœื“ื•ื“ [ืฉื ื‘ืกื™ืžืŸ ืงืคื— ืก"ืง ื˜] ืฉืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืคืช ื–ื”ื• ืคืขื ืื—ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ื•ืคืขื ืื—ืช ื‘ืœื™ืœื”, ืฉื”ื ืขื™ืงืจ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉื‘ืช. ืื• ืฉืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืคืช ื–ื”ื• ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืฉืžืงื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืคืช ื’ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ื” ืฉืœื ืื›ืœ ื‘ืœื™ืœื”. (ื•ืœื“ื™ื ื ืกื™ื™ื ื”ืชื”ืœื” ืœื“ื•ื“ ื“ืื ื›ื™ ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ื˜ืขืžื•, ืž"ืž ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื’ื ืขื™ืงืจ ืžื” ืฉืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืœื‘ืจืš ื›ืฉืฉื›ื— 'ืจืฆื”' ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื–ื”ื• ืจืง ืžืกืคืง, ื"ื› ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ื” ืฉืœื ืื›ืœ ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ืืคืฉืจ ื“ื”ื•ื™ ื›ืขื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ืกืคื™ืงื, ืขื›ืช"ื“).


ืœื˜. ื”ืื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื• ืฉืืจ ืžืื›ืœื™ื ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœื“ื™ืŸ 'ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืกืขื•ื“ื”'

ื‘ื’ืž' 'ื•ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ืืžืจ ืืฃ ื™ื“ื™ ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืžื™ ื™ืฆืื•'

ื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ืชื•ืก' [ื“"ื” ื•ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ] ื“ืžื™ื™ืจื™ ืฉืฉืชื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช, ื“ืืœ"ื› ืœื ืคื˜ืจ ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉืชื” ืื—"ื›, ื“ื”ื•ื™ ื”ืคืกืง. ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืžื’ืŸ ืื‘ืจื”ื [ื‘ืกื™ืžืŸ ืจืขื’ ืก"ืง ื—] ื“ืžื•ื›ื— ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ื“ื”ื ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื”ื ื™ ืœืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืกืขื•ื“ื”, ื–ื”ื• ื“ื•ืงื ืื ืฉืชื” ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื™ื™ืŸ, ื•ื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืœืคืจืฉ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉื–ื”ื• ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื’ืžืจื ืฉื ื“ืืฃ ืฉืฉืชื• ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื“ืกื’ื™ ื‘ื›ืš ืœืฆืืช ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืช ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืœื ืžื”ื ื™ ืฉืชื™ื” ื–ื• ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืกืขื•ื“ื”, ื•ืžื•ื›ื— ืฉืœืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื™ืฉืชื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, [ืขื™' ื‘ื–ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื•ืฉื™ ืฉืจื“, ื‘ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ ื•ื‘ืคืž"ื’ ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžื’ืŸ ืื‘ืจื”ื], ืขื™ื™"ืฉ, ื•ืื›ืž"ืœ.
ื•ื”ื ื” ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ื’ืื•ื ื™ื ืฉืฉืชื™ื™ืช ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืขื™ืœื” ืœื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืกืขื•ื“ื”, ืืžื ื ืœื“ื™ื ื ื ืงื˜ ืจืขืง"ื [ืฉื ืกืขื™ืฃ ื”] ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื” [ื‘ืกื™' ืจืกื˜ ืื•ืช ื’] ืฉื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ืื•ื ื™ื ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ืงื ืœืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื“ื›ืœ ื–' ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ื˜ืขื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืจื›ื” ืœืื—ืจื™ื”ื ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื, [ื•ื›ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืŸ], ืืš ืœื“ื™ื“ืŸ ืฉื“ื•ืงื ืžื™ื ื™ ื“ื’ืŸ ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื‘ืจื›ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื, ืžืžื™ืœื ื“ื•ืงื ืžื™ื ื™ ื“ื’ืŸ ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœื“ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืกืขื•ื“ื”, [ื•ื”ื•"ื“ ื‘ืงืฆืจื” ื‘ืžืฉื "ื‘ ืฉื ืก"ืง ื›ื”, ื•ืกื™ื™ื ื‘ื–ื” ื”ืžืฉื "ื‘ ืฉืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืงืœ ื›ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ื’ืื•ื ื™ื ื“ื“ื™ ื‘ืฉืชื™ื™ืช ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื“ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืืœื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื“ื—ืง].
ืืžื ื ื™ืฉ ืœืขื™ื™ืŸ ืื ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืจืขืง"ื ืฉืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืื•ื ื™ื ื›ืœ ืฉื‘ืขืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืกืขื•ื“ื”, [ื•ื”ืจื™ ืœื“ืขืช ืฉืœื˜ื™ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืจื™ื (ืฉื”ื‘ื•ื ื‘ืกืžื•ืš) ื’ื ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื“ื™ ืœืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืกืขื•ื“ื”, ื“ื›ืœ ืกืขื•ื“ืช ืฉื‘ืช ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ืงื‘ืข], ืื• ืฉื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืจืขืง"ื ื“ื•ืงื ื‘ื™ื™ืŸ, ืžื˜ืขื ื“ืกืขื™ื“, ืืš ืœื ืกื’ื™ ื‘ื”ื ื“ืกืขื™ื“ ืืœื ื‘ืฆื™ืจื•ืฃ ื–ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื 'ืžืงื•ื ืกืขื•ื“ื”', ื•ืœื›ืš ืœืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ื‘ืจื›ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•, ืœื ืžื”ื ื™ ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืืฃ ื“ืกืขื™ื“.
(ืืžื ื ื”ืคืž"ื’ [ื‘ื"ื ืก"ืง ื™ื] ื›ืชื‘ ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื“ืชืžืจื™ื ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืกืขื“ื™ ื•ื–ื™ื™ื ื™, ืžื”ื ื™ ื’ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืกืขื•ื“ื”. ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืข"ืค ื”ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื’ืžืจื ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ื™: ื“ืชืžืจื™ ืžืฉื‘ืขืŸ, ืขื™ื™"ืฉ. [ื•ืžื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืขื™ืจ ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื”ืชื•ืกืคืช ืฉื‘ืช (ืฉื ื‘ืกื™ืžืŸ ืจืขื’ ืก"ืง ื˜ื•) ื“ื”ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ืžื’ืŸ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื“ืชืžืจื™ื ืกืขื“ื™ ื”ื•ื ื˜"ืก, ื“ืœื ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื–ื” ื‘ืฉื•ื ืžืงื•ื, ื•ื”ื•"ื“ ื‘ื›ืฃ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื (ืฉื ืก"ืง ืžื‘), ื•ื›ืชื‘ ืฉืœืคื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืกืคืช ืฉื‘ืช ื’ื ื‘ืชืžืจื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืช ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืกืขื•ื“ื”. ื•ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื”ื›ืฃ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื›ืŸ ืžืฉืžืข ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื•"ืข ืฉื›ืชื‘ 'ืื‘ืœ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืœื', ืžืฉืžืข ื“ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืœื ืžื”ื ื™ ืœื“ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืกืขื•ื“ื”, ื•ืชืžืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืœืœื, ื•ื“ื•"ืง]).
ื•ื‘ืฉืœื˜ื™ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื›ืืŸ [ื›. ืื•ืช ื] ืื™' ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ืกืขื•ื“ืช ืขืจืื™ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ืงื‘ืข, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืจืื™ ืฉืื•ื›ืœ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืงื™ื“ืฉ ื“ื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืกืขื•ื“ื”, ื•ื”ื•"ื“ ื‘ืžื’ืŸ ืื‘ืจื”ื [ืกื™ืžืŸ ืจืขื’ ืก"ืง ื™ื] ืฉืœื›ืŸ ื’ื ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื“ื™ ืœืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืกืขื•ื“ื”. ืืžื ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื›ืจื™ืข ื”ืžื’ืŸ ืื‘ืจื”ื [ืฉื] ืฉื“ืขืช ื”ื˜ื•ืจ ื•ื”ืฉื•"ืข ืขื™ืงืจ, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืžื™ื ื™ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืœืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืกืขื•ื“ื”, ืืš ื”ื—ื™ื™ ืื“ื [ื›ืœืœ ื• ืกื™ืžืŸ ื›ื‘] ื›ืชื‘ ืฉืื ื—ืœืฉ ืœื‘ื• ืงืฆืช ื™ืฉ ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœ ืฉืœื˜ื™ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื—ืจื™ืช, [ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืฉื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื"ืจ], ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืขืœื” ืœื“ื™ื ื ื”ืžืฉื "ื‘ [ืฉื ืก"ืง ื›ื•], ื•ื›ืชื‘ ืฉืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ืื™ืŸ ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœ ื–ื” ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืฉืืจ ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืœื ืก"ืœ ื›ืŸ.
ื•ื™ืฉ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื ื‘ืฉื ื”ื—ื–ื•"ื, ืฉื”ื•ืจื” ืฉืื“ื ืฉื›ืœ ืžื–ื•ื ื• ื”ื•ื ืจืง ื™ืจืงื•ืช ื•ืืกื•ืจ ืœื• ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ, ื"ื› ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื–ื” ืžื–ื•ื ื•, ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืกืขื•ื“ืชื• ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืกืขื•ื“ื”, ื•ื™ืขืฉื” ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ. [ื”ื•"ื“ ื‘'ืืจื—ื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื ื•' ื—"ื ืขืž' ืงื™ื‘-ืงื™ื’, ืื•ืช ื ื’]
ื•ืข"ืข ืœื”ืœืŸ ืื•ืช ืงืžื– ืื ื—ื•ืœื” ืฉืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื“ืฉ ืขืœ ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืคืช, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืขืœ ืฉืืจ ืžืื›ืœื™ื ื”ืžืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ื.


ืž. ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื‘ืจื›ื” ื›ืฉืฉื™ื ื” ืžืงื•ืžื• - ืžืฉื•ื ื”ื™ืกื— ื”ื“ืขืช ืื• ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื ืคืกืงื” ืื›ื™ืœืชื•

ื‘ื’ืž' 'ื›ืฉื”ืŸ ื™ื•ืฆืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื•ื ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื›ื” ืœืžืคืจืข ื•ื›ืฉื”ืŸ ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ืŸ ื•ื›ื•'', ื•ื‘ืชื•ืก'

ืžืกืงื ืช ื”ืชื•ืก' [ื“"ื” ื›ืฉื”ืŸ] ืฉืžืฉื•ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžืงื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืจืง ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœื‘ืจืš ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืจื›ื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื™ื‘ืจืš ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืื›ืœ ืงื•ื“ื, ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจื"ืฉ [ื‘ืกื™ืžืŸ ื•] ื“ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžืงื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ืจืš ืจืง ื‘ืจื›ื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืืœื”ื‘ื, ื•ืœื ื‘ืจื›ื” ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืื›ืœ. ื•ื”ื˜ืขื ื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ืจื"ืฉ ื•ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžืงื•ื ื”ื•ื™ ื›ื”ื™ืกื— ื”ื“ืขืช, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ืจืš ืจืง ื‘ืจื›ื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืืœื”ื‘ื. ื•ืขื“"ื– ืื™' ื‘ืจืฉื‘"ื [ืœืขื™ืœ ืง ืกื•ืข"ื‘ ื“"ื” ื™ื“ื™ ื™ื™ืŸ] ืฉื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ืจืš ื›ืฉืขืงืจื• ืžืžืงื•ืžื, ื–ื”ื• ืžืฉื•ื ื“ื”ื•"ืœ ื”ื™ืกื— ื”ื“ืขืช.
ืืžื ื ื”ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ืฉืžื—ืžืช ื›ืš ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ืจืš ื’ื ื‘ืจื›ื” ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืื›ืœ ืงื•ื“ื ืฉื”ืกื™ื— ื“ืขืชื•, ืก"ืœ ืฉืžื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ืจืš ืฉื•ื‘ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืจืง ืžืฉื•ื ื”ื™ืกื— ื”ื“ืขืช, ืืœื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืžื” ืฉืžืžืฉื™ืš ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื™ ื›ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื—ื“ืฉื”, ื•ื›ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื [ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืค"ื“ ื”"ื”], ืฉื›ืชื‘, ื›ืฉื”ืŸ ื™ื•ืฆืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื›ื” ืœืžืคืจืข ื•ื›ื•', ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืžืงื•ืžื• ื”ืจื™ ืคืกืง ืื›ื™ืœืชื• ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืžื‘ืจืš ืœืžืคืจืข ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืื›ืœ, ื•ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื•ืžื‘ืจืš ืฉื ื™ื” ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื•ื›ื•', ืขื™ื™"ืฉ. [ื•ื›"ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื ื‘ืžืฉื "ื‘ ื‘ืกื™ืžืŸ ืงืขื— ืก"ืง ื™ื˜], ื•ืื›ืž"ืœ.
ืืžื ื ื™ืฉ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ื” ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจื"ืฉ ื‘ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ [ืค"ื• ืกื™ืžืŸ ื”] ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืกื— ื”ื“ืขืช ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื”, ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืฉื”ื™ืกื— ื”ื“ืขืช ื–ื•ืงืง ืจืง ืœื‘ืจื›ื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ืœืคื™ ืฉื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ืกื™ื— ื“ืขืชื• ื ืกืชืœืงื” ื‘ืจื›ื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื”. ื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืกื— ื”ื“ืขืช ืžื–ืงื™ืงื• ืœื‘ืจืš ื‘ืจื›ื” ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืงื•ื“ื ืฉื™ืื›ืœ ื•ื™ืฉืชื”, ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืžืื™ ื ืคืง"ืž ื‘ื–ื” ืื ื™ืื›ืœ ืคืขื ืื—ืจืช ื•ื™ื‘ืจืš ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ืฉืชื™ ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช, ื“ืœื ืžืฆื™ื ื• ืฉื™ืฉ ื—ืฉืฉ ื”ืคืกืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืขืฉื” ืœื‘ืจื›ื” ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื•ื›ื•', ืขื›ืช"ื“. ื•ื—ื–ื™ื ืŸ ื“ืก"ืœ ืฉื’ื ืื ื”ืžืฉืš ืื›ื™ืœืชื• ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœืกืขื•ื“ื” ืื—ืจืช, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืก"ืœ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžื–ืงื™ืงื• ืœื‘ืจืš ื‘ืจื›ื” ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”.


ืžื. ืื›ืœ ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืฉืชื” ืžืฉืงื” ื•ืื—"ื› ื™ืฆื ืžืžืงื•ืžื•, ื”ืื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืงื”, ืื• ืฉื”ืžืฉืงื” ื ื’ืจืจ ืื—ืจ ืื›ื™ืœืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช

ื‘ื’ืž' 'ืืœื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื•ื ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื›ื” ืœืื—ืจื™ื”ื ื‘ืžืงื•ืžืŸ ื•ื›ื•'', ื•ื‘ืชื•ืก'

ื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ืชื•ืก' [ืกื•ื“"ื” ืืœื] ืฉืœื›ืœ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื™ื ืื ื”ืœืš ืื“ื ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืœืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืชื•ืช ื™ื™ืŸ ืื• ืžื™ื ื‘ืœื ื‘ืจื›ื”, ืฉื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื”, ืœืงื™ื‘ืขื™ื” ืงืžื ื”ื“ืจ, ื•ื”ื•"ื“ ื”ืชื•ืก' ื‘ื‘"ื™ [ืกื™ืžืŸ ืงืขื— ืกืขื™ืฃ ื’], ื‘ืžื’ืŸ ืื‘ืจื”ื [ืฉื ืก"ืง ื•], ื‘ืฉื•"ืข ื”ื’ืจ"ื– [ืกืขื™ืฃ ื“] ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืœื›ื” [ืกืขื™ืฃ ื ื“"ื” ื•ืื›ืœ].
ื•ื”ื˜ืขื ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืฉื•"ืข ื”ื’ืจ"ื– ืฉื ื“ืืฃ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื• ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืื™ื ื ื˜ืคืœื™ื ืœืกืขื•ื“ื” ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื›ื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ื•ื”ื•ืฆืจืš ืœื‘ืจืš ืขืœื™ื”ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืคืœื™ื ื”ื ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื›ื” ืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ื•ื ืคื˜ืจื™ื ื”ื ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ, ืขืœ ื“ืขืช ืกืขื•ื“ืชื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื•ื ืื•ื›ืœ ื•ืฉื•ืชื” ืื•ืชื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ืจืš ืขืœื™ื”ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืื•ื›ืœ ืžื”ื, ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ืื™ื ื• ืื•ื›ืœ ืฉื ืคืช.
ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืงืฆื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ [ืกื™ืžืŸ ื ื– ืก"ืง ื”] ืฉืžืฉืžืข ืžื˜ืขื ื–ื” ืฉื“ื•ืงื ืชื•ืš ืกืขื•ื“ืช ืคืช ืื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืคืœื™ื ื”ื ืœืคืช ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื›ื” ืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื ืคื˜ืจื™ื ื”ื ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืžื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ื”ืคืช, ืื‘ืœ ืื ืื›ืœ ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืžื™ื ื™ ื“ื’ืŸ ืื• ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืฉืืจ ืžื™ืŸ ืžื–' ืžื™ื ื™ื, ื•ื’ื ืื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื˜ืขื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื›ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื• ืื• ืฉืชื” ืžืฉืงื”, ื•ืขืงืจ ืžืžืงื•ืžื•, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ืจืš ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืฉื ื™ ืขืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื˜ืขื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื›ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื˜ืขื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืจื›ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื ื’ื•ืจืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉืืจ, ืฉื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ืื›ืœ ืคืช, ื˜ืขื•ื ื™ื ืžื™ื ื™ื ืืœื• ื‘ืจื›ื” ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื‘ื ืคืจื“ ื•ืื™ื ื ื ืคื˜ืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ื ื™ ื“ื’ืŸ ืื• ืฉื‘ืขืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื. [ืืžื ื ื—ื™ื“ืฉ ื”ืงืฆื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืฉื ืฉืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืื ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืœืžืงื•ืžื•, ืื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ืจืš ืขืœื™ื”ื ืฉื•ื‘]. ื•ื’ื ื‘ืืจื—ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื [ืœืื‘"ื“ ืกืคื™ื ืงื, ืกื™ืžืŸ ืงืขื— ืก"ืง ื’] ื”ื‘ื™ื ืžืฉื•"ืช ืžื”ืจื™"ื [ืกื™ืžืŸ ื ื•] ืฉื ืกืชืคืง ื›ืฉืื›ืœ ืžื™ื“ื™ ื“ืžื™ื–ืŸ ื•ืฉืชื” ืžื™ื, ื•ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ืœืš ืœืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ ืœืฉืชื•ืช ืžื™ื, ืื ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ืžื—ืžืช ืฉืื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื˜ืขื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื›ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื, ืื• ืฉืœื’ื‘ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืจื›ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ื“ื”ื•ื™ ื’ืžืจ ืกืขื•ื“ื”, ืขื™ื™"ืฉ ืขื•ื“.
ื•ื’ื ื‘ืืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื [ืœืื‘"ื“ ื‘ื•ื˜ืฉืื˜ืฉ, ืกื•"ืก ืงืขื—] ืฆื™ื“ื“ ืฉืื ืื›ืœ ื›ื™ืกื ื™ื ืื• ืฉืชื” ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื™ืฆื ืžืžืงื•ืžื•, [ืœืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื• ื˜ืขื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืจื›ื” ืื—ืจื™ื”ื ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื], ื•ื›ืฉื—ื•ื–ืจ ืื™ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืฉืชื•ืช ืžื”ื™ื™ืŸ ืืœื ืจืง ืœืฉืชื•ืช ืžืฉืงื” ืื—ืจ, ื™ืชื›ืŸ ื“ืœื›ื•"ืข ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ืจืš ืฉื ื™ืช ืขืœ ืžืฉืงื” ื–ื” ืืฃ ืฉื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื•ื˜ืจืช ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืžืฉืงื™ื, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื“ื•ืงื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืฆืžื• ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ื“ืœืงื™ื‘ืขื™ื” ืงืžื ื”ื“ืจ, ื•ืœื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžืฉืงื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉื˜ืคืœื™ื ืœื™ื™ืŸ. ื•ื›ืŸ ืฆื™ื“ื“ ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ื‘ืจื›ืช ืฉืžื™ื [ืœื”ื’ืจ"ืจ ื‘ืœื•ื ื–ืฆ"ืœ, ืื•"ื— ืกื™ืžืŸ ืกื“] ืฉืื ืื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื˜ืขื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืจื›ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืจื›ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื, ื•ื™ืฆื ืžืžืงื•ืžื•, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื˜ืขื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืจื›ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื. (ืืš ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ื–ื” ื˜ืขื ืื—ืจ, ืฉื“ื•ืงื ืคืช ืฉืคื•ื˜ืจ ื›ืœ ืื›ื™ืœื•ืชื™ื• ื•ื”ื•ื™ ืงื‘ืข ืฉืœื• ื’ืžื•ืจ, ืžื”ื ื™ ื’ื ืœืฉืืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ืžืฉื"ื› ืฉืืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื˜ืขื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืจื›ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื ืื™ื ื ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืืœื ืœืขืฆืžื, ื•ืœื ืœืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžื” ืฉืื›ืœ ื™ื—ื“ ืขืžื). ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ืจื• ืœืžืขืฉื” ื›ืžื” ืคื•ืกืงื™ ื–ืžื ื™ื ื•, [ืขื™' ื‘ืกืคืจ 'ื•ื–ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื”' ืคืจืง ื• ืขืž' 60, ืื•ืช ื•, ื•ื‘ืกืคืจ 'ืฉืขืจื™ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื”' ื‘ืคืจืง ื˜ ื”ืขืจื” ื˜, ื•ื›ืขื™"ื– ื ืกืชืคืงื• ื”ื’ืจืฉ"ื– ืื•ื™ืขืจื‘ืืš ื–ืฆ"ืœ (ื‘ืžื ื—"ืฉ ื›ืืŸ) ื•ื‘ืฉืฉ"ื› (ืคืจืง ื ื“ ื”ืขืจื” ืงื•)]. ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ื‘ื–ื” ื˜ืขื ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืฉื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ืจืš ื‘ืจื›ื” ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืขืœ ืžืื›ืœื™ื ืืœื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืฉื ื™, ืžืžื™ืœื ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื™ืฆื ืžืžืงื•ืžื• ืขืงืจ ืขืฆืžื• ืžื”ืงื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”.
(ื•ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื• ืคื•ืกืงื™ ื–ืžื ื™ื ื• ืฉื›ืžื•"ื› ืื ืงื™ื“ืฉ ืขืœ ื”ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื”, ื•ื‘ืืžืฆืข ืกืขื•ื“ืชื• ืขืงืจ ืžืžืงื•ืžื•, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืชื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืฉื ื™ ื’ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืขืœ ืกืžืš ื‘ืจื›ืช 'ื”ื’ืคืŸ' ืฉื‘ื™ืจืš ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ, ืฉืืฃ ืฉื‘ืจื›ืช 'ื”ื’ืคืŸ' ืขืœ ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ื™ืจืš ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื•ืœื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื”, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื›ื” ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืฉืคื•ื˜ืจ ืžืฉื•ื ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืกืขื•ื“ื”, ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžืงื•ื, [ืขื™' ืžื” ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื–ื” ื‘ืกืคืจ 'ืฉืขืจื™ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื”' ืคืจืง ื˜ ื”ืขืจื” ื™ื’]. ื•ืข"ืข ืœื”ืœืŸ ืื•ืช ืžื“ ืื ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ).
ื•ื‘ืขืžืง ื‘ืจื›ื” [ื“ื™ื ื™ ื‘ืจื”ืž"ื– ืื•ืช ื”, ืขืž' ืกื‘] ื›ืชื‘ ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ื›ืŸ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืก' ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืŸ [ืกื•ื“"ื” ืืœื], ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉืื ื”ืœืš ื‘ืืžืฆืข ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืœืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืชื•ืช ื™ื™ืŸ ืื• ืžื™ื ื‘ืœื ื‘ืจื›ื”, ืฉื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืœืงื™ื‘ืขื™ื” ืงืžื ื”ื“ืจ, ืขื›ืช"ื“, ื•ืžืฉืžืข ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ืฉื“ื•ืงื ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืชื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ืจืš ืื—ืจ ื”ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื”ืžื™ื ืฉื‘ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืืœื ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืคื•ื˜ืจืชื ื›ื“ื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื”, ื•ืžื—ืžืช ื›ืŸ ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ื“ืœืงื™ื‘ืขื™ื” ืงืžื ื”ื“ืจ, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื” ืคื•ื˜ืจืช ืืช ื”ืฉืชื™ื”, [ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉืชื” ื™ื™ืŸ ืื• ืžื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ืจืš ืข"ื– ื‘ืจื›ื” ืื—ืจื•ื ื”], ืื ืฉื™ื ื” ืžืงื•ืžื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ื”ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื”ืžื™ื, ื“ืืฃ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืžืงื•ืžื• ืžื—ืžืช ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืœื ืžื”ื ื™ ื–ื” ืœื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืœืžื™ื, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื ืฉื™ื™ื›ื™ื ืœืกืขื•ื“ื”.
ื•ืžื–ื” ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื”ืขืžืง ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉื›ืžื•"ื› ืžื™ ืฉืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื•ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืฉื—ื•ื˜ ื›ืžื” ืขื•ืคื•ืช ืขืœ ืกืžืš ื‘ืจื›ื” ืื—ืช, ื•ืื—"ื› ืฉื™ื ื” ืžืงื•ืžื• ื•ื™ืฆื ืœืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœื‘ืจืš ื‘ืจื›ื” ืื—ืจืช ืขืœ ืฉื—ื™ื˜ืช ื”ืขื•ืคื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉื—ื•ื˜ ืžืขืชื”, ื•ืžื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืžืงื•ืžื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืžื—ืžืช ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืœื ืžื”ื ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœื‘ืจืš ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืฉื—ื™ื˜ื”, ืฉื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืฉื—ื™ื˜ื” ืขืฆืžื” ืื™ื ื” ื˜ืขื•ื ื” ื‘ืจื›ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื”, ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืžืžืงื•ืžื• ื”ืคืกืง ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืฉื—ื™ื˜ื”.


ืžื‘. ื”ืกื™ื— ื“ืขืชื• ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื” - ื”ืื ืจืฉืื™ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืฉืืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืคืช ืœืœื ื ื˜ื™ืœืช ื™ื“ื™ื

ื‘ืชื•ืก' ื“"ื” ื›ืฉื”ืŸ,'ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื“ื—ื•ืช ื“ืื•ืชื• ืžืื›ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืžืขื•ืจื‘ ื‘ื• ืœื—ื ื•ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ื˜ื•ืจื— ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื™ื“ื™ื• ื•ืœื‘ืจืš ื”ืžื•ืฆื™ื'

ื‘ืžื’ืŸ ืื‘ืจื”ื [ืกื™ืžืŸ ืงืขื˜ ืกื•ืก"ืง ื‘] ื›ืชื‘ ืœื“ื™ื™ืง ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืก' ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ืจืš ืžืฉื•ื ื”ื™ืกื— ื”ื“ืขืช, ืฆืจื™ืš ื’ื ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื™ื“ื™ื• ืฉื•ื‘. ื•ื”ื˜ืขื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื›ืœ ืฉื”ืกื™ื— ืžืœืื›ื•ืœ, ืžืกืชืžื ืœื ื ื–ื”ืจ ืžืฉืžื™ืจืช ื™ื“ื™ื•, ื•ื’ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืœื›ื” [ืจื™ืฉ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืงืขื— ื“"ื” ื”ืžื•ืฆื™ื] ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืคืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื”ืคืœื™ื’ ื•ื”ืกื™ื— ื“ืขืชื•, ื ื•ื˜ืœ ื™ื“ื™ื• ื•ืžื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ื ื˜ื™ืœืช ื™ื“ื™ื. (ืืš ื ืกืชืคืง ืื™ืš ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœื ื”ืกื™ื— ื“ืขืชื• ืžืฉืžื™ืจืช ื™ื“ื™ื•, ืื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื™ื“ื™ื• ืฉื ื™ืช).
ื•ืขื›"ืค ืžืฉืžืข ืžืชื•ืก' ืฉื’ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื™ื“ื™ื• ืฉื ื™ืช, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื–ื”ื• ื“ื•ืงื ื›ืฉื‘ื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืžืื›ืœ ืฉืžืขื•ืจื‘ ื‘ื• ืœื—ื, ืืš ื›ื“ื™ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืžืื›ืœ ืฉืœื ืžืขื•ืจื‘ ื‘ื• ืœื—ื ืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื™ื“ื™ื• ืฉื ื™ืช, ื•ืจืฉืื™ ืœืื•ื›ืœื• ื’ื ื‘ืœื ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื™ื“ื™ื•. ื•ืขื™' ื‘ื—ื–ื•"ื ืฉื”ืขื™ืจ ืข"ื– ืžื”ื ื“ืื™' ื‘ื’ืžืจื ื‘ื™ื•ืžื ืœ. [ื”ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืฉื•"ืข ืกื™ืžืŸ ืงืข ืกืขื™ืฃ ื] ืฉืื ื™ืฆื ืœื”ื˜ื™ืœ ืžื™ื ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ื”, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื™ื“ื™ื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืจืง ืœืฉืชื™ื” ื•ืœื ืœืื›ื™ืœื”, ื•ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื™ื“ื™ื•, ื–ื”ื• ืฉืžื ื™ืชืŸ ืคืจื•ืกื” ืœืชื•ืš ืคื™ื•, ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืคื™ืจืฉ ืจืฉ"ื™ ืฉื. ื•ื"ื› ืœื›ืื•' ื’ื ื›ืฉื”ืกื™ื— ื“ืขืชื• ื•ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืžืื›ืœ ืื—ืจ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืคืช, ื™ืฉ ืœื—ื™ื™ื‘ื• ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื™ื“ื™ื• ืžื˜ืขื ื–ื”. ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื—ื–ื•"ื ื“ืืคืฉืจ ืฉื›ืืŸ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืกื™ื— ื“ืขืชื• ื•ืืกื•ืจ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืคืช, ืœื›ืŸ ืœื ื—ื™ื™ืฉื™ื ืŸ ืฉืžื ื™ืฉื›ื—, ืขื›ืช"ื“. [ื•ื‘ืืžืช ื˜ืขื ื–ื” ืฉื™ื™ืš ื’ื ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžืงื•ื, ืฉื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœื• ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืคืช ื‘ืœื ื‘ืจื›ื”, ืœื›ืŸ ืื ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืœืื›ื™ืœืช ืคืช ืœื ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื™ื“ื™ื•].


ืžื’. 'ื”ื ื™ื—ื• ืžืงืฆืช ื—ื‘ืจื™ื' ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื˜ืขื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืจื›ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื

ื‘ื’ืž' 'ื‘ื“"ื ืฉื”ื ื™ื—ื• ืฉื ื–ืงืŸ ืื• ื—ื•ืœื” ื›ื•' ืžื›ืœืœ ื“ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื˜ืขื•ื ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื›ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื ื•ื›ื•''

ื ื—ืœืงื• ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื”ืื ื”ื ื™ื—ื• ืžืงืฆืช ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื”ื ื™ ื’ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืจื›ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื, ืื• ืฉื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื• ืื™ืŸ ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ื™ื—ื• ืžืงืฆืช ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืœื ื”ื ื™ื—ื•. ื”ื‘"ื™ [ื‘ืกื™ืžืŸ ืงืขื—] ื•ื”ื˜"ื– [ืก"ืง ื•] ื›ืชื‘ื• ื“ืœื ืžื”ื ื™ ื‘ื–ื” ื”ื ื™ื—ื• ืžืงืฆืช ื—ื‘ืจื™ื, ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื’ื•ื•ื ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœื‘ืจืš, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืงื‘ืข ื”ื•ื. [ื•ืขื™' ืจืขืง"ื ืฉื ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืœืคืจืฉ ื•ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื˜"ื–]. ืืžื ื ื”ืžื’ืŸ ืื‘ืจื”ื [ืฉื ืก"ืง ื’] ื•ื”ื’ืจ"ื [ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจื• ืฉื ื“"ื” ื•ื“ื•ืงื] ื›ืชื‘ื• ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืžืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื ื™ื—ื• ืžืงืฆืช ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื”ื ื™ ื’ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืจื›ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื, ื“ืื™ ื ื™ืžื ืฉื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืจื›ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื ืื™ืŸ ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ื™ื—ื• ืžืงืฆืช ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืœื ื”ื ื™ื—ื• ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื’ื•ื•ื ื ืœื ืžื”ื ื™, ื"ื› ืœืžื” ื”ื•ืฆืจื›ื• ืœื“ื™ื™ืง ื‘ื’ืžืจื ื“ืžื™ื™ืจื™ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื˜ืขื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืจื›ื” ืžื”ื ื“ืงืชื ื™ 'ืขืงืจื• ืจื’ืœื™ื”ื', ื•ืœื ืžื”ื ื“ืžื”ื ื™ ื”ื ื™ื—ื• ืžืงืฆืช ื—ื‘ืจื™ื. ื•ืžื•ื›ื— ื“ื”ื ื™ื—ื• ืžืงืฆืช ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื”ื ื™ ื’ื ื‘ื–ื”. ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืขืœื” ืœื“ื™ื ื ื”ืžืฉื "ื‘ [ืฉื ื‘ืก"ืง ื™ื—, ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฉืขืจ ื”ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืฉื›ืŸ ืื™' ื‘ืจื"ืฉ ืœืงืžืŸ ืกื™ืžืŸ ื›ื•].
ื•ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื ืกืชืคืง ืจืขืง"ื, ืฉื’ื ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื˜"ื– [ื”ื "ืœ] ื“ืœื ืžื”ื ื™ ื”ื ื™ื—ื• ืžืงืฆืช ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื˜ืขื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืจื›ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื, ื™ืชื›ืŸ ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื“ื•ืงื ื‘ืื›ื™ืœืช ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื•ืœื ื”ื•ื™ ืงื‘ื™ืขื•ืช, ืืš ืื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืคืช ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ืื›ืœื• ื›ื–ื™ืช, ื™"ืœ ื“ืžื”ื ื™ ื”ื ื™ื—ื• ืžืงืฆืช ื—ื‘ืจื™ื, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื›ื™ืœืช ืคืช ื”ื•ื™ ืงื‘ื™ืขื•ืช, ืขื›ืช"ื“.


ืžื“. 'ื”ื ื™ื—ื• ืžืงืฆืช ื—ื‘ืจื™ื' ืœื“ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืกืขื•ื“ื”

ื‘ื’ืž' ืฉื

ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื ื™ื—ื• ืžืงืฆืช ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื ืชืคืจืฉ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžืงื•ื, ื•ืœื ื”ื•ื–ื›ืจ ืื™ืš ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืกืขื•ื“ื”.
ื•ืขื™' ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ืจื‘ื ื• ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืžืกืœื•ืฆืง [ืกื•"ืก ื–] ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื”ื’ืจ"ื— ืžื•ื•ืœืื–ื™ืŸ ืฉื›ืžื• ืฉืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืžื•ืขื™ืœ ื”ื ื™ื— ืžืงืฆืช ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœื‘ืจืš, ื›ืžื•"ื› ืžื•ืขื™ืœ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืฉืื ื ืชื—ื‘ืจื• ื™ื—ื“ ืœืฆืืช ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ, ื•ื™ืฆื ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืžืžืงื•ืžื• ื•ื—ื–ืจ, ืžื”ื ื™ 'ื”ื ื™ื— ืžืงืฆืช ื—ื‘ืจื™ื' ืฉืื™ืŸ ื—ืกืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืกืขื•ื“ื”, ื›ืžื• ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ื”, ืขื™ื™"ืฉ, ื•ืœื›ืื•' ืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื”ืงื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ, [ื•ืขื™' ืœืขื™ืœ ืื•ืช ืžื].
ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืขืœื• ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื’ืจืฉ"ื– ืื•ื™ืขืจื‘ืš ื–ืฆ"ืœ [ื”ื•"ื“ ื‘'ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœืžื”' ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื ื—"ื‘ ืคืจืง ื˜ ื”ืขืจื” 182, ื•ืืžื ื ืขื™ื™"ืฉ ืฉื™ืฉ ืื•ืคื ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”], ืฉื•"ืช ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ื ื”ื’ื•ืช [ื—"ื” ืกื™ืžืŸ ืขื—, ืขื™ื™"ืฉ ืฉืฆื™ืจืฃ ื˜ืขื ื–ื” ืœื”ืชื™ืจ], ื•ื‘ืกืคืจ 'ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ืช' [ืœื”ื’ืจืž"ืž ืงืืจืค ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื, ื—"ื ืขืž' ืชื™ื‘, ื•ื‘ืกืคืจื• ืžืฉืžืจืช ืฉื‘ืช ืกื•"ืก ื™].
ืืžื ื ื‘ืฉื ื”ื’ืจื™"ืฉ ืืœื™ืฉื™ื‘ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื [ื”ื•"ื“ ื‘ืกืคืจ 'ื“ืจื•ืจ ื™ืงืจื', ืขืž' ืฉืขื] ื”ื•ื‘ื ืฉื”ืฉื™ื’ ืขืœ ืกื‘ืจืช ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืžืกืœื•ืฆืง, ื“ืฉืžื™ืขืช ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืื™ื ื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื”, ื•ื"ื› ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื ืฆื˜ืจืคื• ื™ื—ื“, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ื” ื”ื™ืชืจ ื“ื”ื ื™ื—ื• ืžืงืฆืช ื—ื‘ืจื™ื. ื•ื›ืžื•"ื› ื”ื˜ืขื™ืžื” ืฉื˜ื•ืขืžื™ื ืžื›ื•ืก ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ืื™ื ื” ื›ืœื•ื ืœืฆืจืคื. ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื‘ื ื‘ืฉื ื”ื’ืจ"ื— ืงื ื™ื™ื‘ืกืงื™ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื ืฉืžืกืชื™ืžืช ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื•ืžืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื—ื–ื•"ื ื ืจืื” ื“ื”ื ื™ื—ื• ืžืงืฆืช ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื ืžื”ื ื™ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ [ื”ื•"ื“ ื‘ืฉื•"ืช 'ื ืฉืžืช ืฉื‘ืช' ื—"ื‘ ืขืž' ืงืข, ื‘ืฉื ืกืคืจ 'ืฉื‘ืช ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ' ืขืž' ืชืขื•].
(ืืš ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื”ื’ืจื™"ืฉ ืืœื™ืฉื™ื‘ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื [ืฉื] ื“ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืœื™ืœ ื”ืกื“ืจ ื›ืฉื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ื”ื’ื“ื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื”, ื•ืžื”ื ื™ ื‘ื–ื” ื”ื ื™ื—ื• ืžืงืฆืช ื—ื‘ืจื™ื, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื›ืš ืชื™ืงื ื• ื—ื–"ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ืœื™ืœ ื”ืกื“ืจ ื”ื”ื’ื“ื” ืœืคืชื™ื—ืช ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื”, ื•ื›ื“ื—ื–ื™ื ืŸ ืžื›ืš ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ื”ื’ื“ื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ื”ืคืกืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื“ืœื™ืœ ืคืกื— ืœืกืขื•ื“ื”, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื ื—ืฉื‘ ื–ื” ื›ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืกืขื•ื“ื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื ืฉืืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžืงื•ื, ื•ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืฆืืช ื’ื ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”).


ืžื”. 'ื”ื™ืกื— ื”ื“ืขืช' - ื”ืื ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœื‘ืจืš ื’ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื˜ืขื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืจื›ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื

ื‘ืชื•ืก' ื“"ื” ื›ืฉื”ืŸ, ื‘ืกื•ื”"ื“

ื›ืชื‘ ืจืฉื‘"ื [ื“"ื” ื•ืื—ื“] ืฉื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืื ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžืงื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœื‘ืจืš ืื• ืœื, ืžื™ื™ืจื™ ืฉืœื ื”ืกื™ื— ื“ืขืชื• ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื, ื•ืข"ืค ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื‘"ื™ [ื‘ืกื™ืžืŸ ืขื— ืกืขื™ืฃ ื”] ืฉืื ื”ืกื™ื— ื“ืขืชื•, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœื‘ืจืš, ืขื™ื™"ืฉ, ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ืช ืคืช, ื•ื”ื•ื‘ื ืœื“ื™ื ื ื‘ืจืž"ื [ืฉื ืกื•"ืก ื‘].
ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ืชื•ืก' [ืกื•ื“"ื” ื›ืฉื”ืŸ] ื›ืชื‘ื• ื“ื”ื ื“ืชื ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืชื ื“ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžื™ืกื‘ ื•ืื•ื›ืœ, ืงืจืื• ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืžื• ื•ื›ื•' ื”ืคืœื™ื’ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ืจืš ื”ืžื•ืฆื™ื ื•ื›ื•', ืืชื™ื ื›ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื˜ืขื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืจื›ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ืจืš, ื•ืœื ืืœื™ื‘ื ื“ื”ืœื›ืชื. ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื—ื–ื•"ื ืฉืžืฉืžืข ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืก' ืฉืคื™ืจืฉื• ื“'ื”ืคืœื™ื’' ื”ืืžื•ืจ ืฉื, ืžื™ื™ืจื™ ืฉื”ืœืš ืœืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ, ื•ืžื—ืžืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžืงื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ืจืš ืฉื ื™ืช, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ืชื•ืก' ื“ื”ืš ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื ืœื ืืชื™ื ืืœื™ื‘ื ื“ืžืืŸ ื“ืก"ืœ ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžืงื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืžืฆืจื™ืš ื‘ืจื›ื”. ื•ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื”ื—ื–ื•"ื ื“ืืžื ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจืฉ"ื™ [ื‘ื™ื•ืžื ืœ.] ืฉืคื™ืจืฉ ื“'ื”ืคืœื™ื’' ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื”ื”, ืžืฉืžืข ืฉื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืœื•ืžืจ ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื“ืฉื”ื” ืขื“ ืฉื”ืกื™ื— ื“ืขืชื• ืžืœืื›ื•ืœ, ื•ื"ื› ืืชื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ืจื‘ื ืŸ, ื“ืœื›ื•"ืข ื”ื™ืกื— ื”ื“ืขืช ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ืจืš ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื˜ืขื ื™ื ื‘ืจื›ื” ืœืื—ืจื™ื”ื ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื, ื•ื›ื“ืžืฉืžืข ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืœืงืžืŸ [ืงื’:] ื’ื‘ื™ 'ื”ื‘ ืœืŸ ื•ื ื‘ืจื™ืš'.
ืืžื ื ื‘ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื•ื–ืจ [ืกื™ืžืŸ ืงืขื— ืกืขื™ืฃ ื‘] ื›ืชื‘ ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืก' ื“ืœืžืืŸ ื“ืก"ืœ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื˜ืขื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืจื›ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื, ื’ื ื”ื™ืกื— ื”ื“ืขืช ืื™ื ื• ืžืฆืจื™ืš ื‘ืจื›ื”, ื“ืืœ"ื› ืœืžื” ื ื“ื—ืงื• ื”ืชื•ืก' ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื ื–ื• ื“ืœื ื›ื”ืœื›ืชื, ื”ื•ื” ืœื”ื• ืœืื•ืงืžื™ ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื ื–ื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื”ืกื™ื— ื“ืขืชื• ืžืื›ื™ืœื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœื‘ืจืš, ื•ืื™ืœื• ืœื ืฉื™ื ื” ืžืงื•ืžื•, ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ืจืš, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื‘ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืœื ืžื”ื ื™ ื’ืžืจ ื•ืกื™ืœืง, ื•ืจืง ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืฉื™ื ื” ืžืงื•ืžื• ื•ื’ื ื”ืกื™ื— ื“ืขืชื•, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ืจืš, ืืœื ื•ื“ืื™ ืก"ืœ ืœืชื•ืก' ื“ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ืกื™ื— ื“ืขืชื• ืœื ืžื”ื ื™ ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืœืžืืŸ ื“ืก"ืœ ื“ืœืงื™ื‘ืขื™ื” ืงืžื ื”ื“ืจ. (ื•ืžื–ื” ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื”ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœื”ืœื›ื” ืฉื’ื ืื ื”ืกื™ื— ื“ืขืชื• ื‘ืืžืฆืข ืกืขื•ื“ืชื•, ืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœื‘ืจืš ื‘ืจื›ื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื›ืฉื—ื•ื–ืจ ืœืกืขื•ื“ื”, ื•ื›ื”ื ื“ืืฉื›ื—ืŸ [ื‘ืกื™ืžืŸ ืงืขื˜ ืกืขื™ืฃ ื] ื“ืืคื™ืœื• ื’ืžืจ ืกืขื•ื“ืชื• ื•ืกื™ืœืง ืขืฆืžื• ืžืœืื›ื•ืœ, ื›ืฉื—ื•ื–ืจ ื•ื ืžืœืš ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ื‘ืจื›ื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื”).
ืืš ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื ื—ืœืงื• ืขืœ ื”ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื•ื–ืจ, ื•ื”ืกื™ืงื• ืฉื”ื™ืกื— ื”ื“ืขืช ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืจื›ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืœื›ื” [ืกื™ืžืŸ ืงืขื— ืกืขื™ืฃ ื‘ ื“"ื” ืื ื”ืกื™ื—] ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ืฉื•"ืข ื”ื’ืจ"ื– [ื‘ืกื™ืžืŸ ืงืขื˜ ืก"ื], ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืžืื™ืจ ื•ื”ืžื’ืŸ ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื [ืฉื ืก"ืง ื”], ื•ื›ืชื‘ื• ืœื—ืœืง ื“ื”ื ื“ืžื‘ื•ืืจ [ื‘ืกื™ืžืŸ ืงืขื˜] ืฉืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืื›ื™ืœื” ืœื ื—ืฉื™ื‘ ื”ื™ืกื— ื”ื“ืขืช, ืื™ื™ืจื™ ื›ืฉื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ื“, ืฉื‘ื–ื” ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ืฉื“ืจืš ื”ืื“ื ืฉืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ืžืœืš ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื•ืื•ื›ืœ, ื•ืœื›ืš ืœื ื—ืฉื™ื‘ ื”ื™ืกื— ื”ื“ืขืช, ืžืฉื"ื› ื›ืฉืขืงืจ ื•ื”ืœืš ืžืžืงื•ืžื• ื”ื•ื™ ื”ื™ืกื— ื”ื“ืขืช, ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœื‘ืจืš.
ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืžื’ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ืจื™ื [ืฉื ืกื•ืก"ืง ื”] ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื“ื—ื•ืช ื”ืจืื™ื” ืžืชื•ืก' ื›ืืŸ, ืฉื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืœื ื”ืขืžื™ื“ื• ื”ืชื•ืก' ืžืฉื•ื ื”ื™ืกื— ื”ื“ืขืช, ื–ื”ื• ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืงืชื ื™ ืฉื ื‘ืกืชื, ื•ืžืฉืžืข ืฉื’ื ื‘ืœื ื”ื™ืกื— ื”ื“ืขืช ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœื‘ืจืš, ื•ืœื›ืš ื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ืชื•ืก' ื“ืืชื™ ื›ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”, ืขื™ื™"ืฉ.
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il