ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ื”ืœื›ื” ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื•ืžื•ืกืจ
  • ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื™ื•ืžื™ ื‘ืืžื•ื ื”
  • ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจ"ืŸ
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
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5 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”

ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืœืขื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืฉืžืช

ืืจื™ื” ื‘ืŸ ืฉื‘ืชื™ ื•ืฉืจื” ื–"ืœ

ื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ื ื‘ื•ืืช ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื”
ื•ึผืœึฐื›ึธืšึฐ ื ึดืชึฐืžึทื”ึผ ืžึดืŸ ื”ึธืจึทืžึฐื‘ึผึธ"ื ื–ึดื›ึฐืจื•ึนื ื•ึน ืœึดื‘ึฐืจึธื›ึธื” ืฉืึถื”ึดืจึฐื—ึดื™ืง ื–ึถื”*, ื•ึฐืึธืžึทืจ ("ืžื•ืจื” ื ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื" ื—"ื‘ ืคืœ"ื’): ืœึนื ื”ึดืฉึผื‚ึดื™ื’ื•ึผ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ* ืจึทืง* ืงื•ึนืœ ืขึธืฆื•ึผื, ืœึนื ื”ึถื‘ึฐื“ึผึตืœ ื“ึผึฐื‘ึธืจึดื™ื* โ€ข, ื•ึผืžึทื” ืฉืึถึผืึธืžึฐืจื•ึผ ื–ึดื›ึฐืจื•ึนื ึธื ืœึดื‘ึฐืจึธื›ึธื”: "ืึธื ึนื›ึดื™ ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืœึฐืšึธ ืžึดืคึผึดื™ ื”ึทื’ึผึฐื‘ื•ึผืจึธื” ืฉืึฐืžึทืขึฐื ื•ึผื", ืจื•ึนืฆึดื™ื ื‘ึผึธื–ึถื”*: ืฉืึถื”ึดื’ึผึดื™ืขึท ืึฒืœึตื™ื”ึถื* ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ืฉืึถื”ึดื’ึผึดื™ืขึท ืœึฐืžึนืฉืึถื”, ื•ึฐืœึนื ื”ึธื™ึธื” ืžึนืฉืึถื” ืžึทื’ึผึดื™ืขึธื ืึฒืœึตื™ื”ึถื. ื•ึฐื–ึถื”, ืฉืึถืฉึผืึฐื ึตื™ ืึตืœึผื•ึผ ื”ึทืฉึผืึณืจึธืฉืึดื™ื, ืจึฐืฆื•ึนื ึดื™ ืœื•ึนืžึทืจ: ืžึฐืฆึดื™ืื•ึผืช ื”' ื™ึดืชึฐื‘ึผึธืจึทืšึฐ ื•ึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึนืชื•ึน ืึถื—ึธื“, ืึธืžึฐื ึธื ื™ึปืฉึผื‚ึทื’ ื‘ึผึธืขึดื™ึผื•ึผืŸ ื”ึธืึฑื ื•ึนืฉืึดื™, ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ืžึทื” ืฉืึถึผื™ึผึดื•ึผึธื“ึทืข ื‘ึผึฐืžื•ึนืคึตืช*, ืžึดืฉืึฐืคึผึทื˜ ื”ึทื ึผึธื‘ึดื™ื ื‘ึผื•ึน ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ืžึดื™ ืฉืึถื™ึผึฐื“ึธืขึถื ึผื•ึผ โ€“ (ืฉืึถืึตื™ืŸ ื–ึถื” ื™ึดืชึฐืจื•ึนืŸ) [ืฉืึธื•ึถื”, ืึตื™ืŸ ื™ึดืชึฐืจื•ึนืŸ]. ื•ึฐืœึนื ื ื•ึนื“ึฐืขื•ึผ ืฉืึฐื ึตื™ ื”ึทืฉึผืึณืจึธืฉืึดื™ื ื”ึธืึตืœึผื•ึผ ืžึดืฆึผึทื“ ื”ึทื ึผึฐื‘ื•ึผืึธื” ืœึฐื‘ึทื“, ืึธืžึฐืจึธื” ื”ึทืชึผื•ึนืจึธื” (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื“ ืœื”): "ืึทืชึผึธื” ื”ึธืจึฐืึตืชึธ ืœึธื“ึทืขึทืช ื›ึผึดื™ ื”' ื”ื•ึผื ื”ึธืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื", ืึธืžึฐื ึธื, ืฉืึฐืึธืจ ื”ึทื“ึผึดื‘ึผึฐืจื•ึนืช ื”ึตืŸ ืžึดื›ึผึทืช ื”ึทืžึฐืคึปืจึฐืกึธืžื•ึนืช ื•ึฐืœึนื ืžึดื›ึผึทืช ื”ึทืžึผึปืฉึนึฐื›ึผึธืœื•ึนืช*. ืึตืœึผื•ึผ ื“ึผึฐื‘ึธืจึธื™ื• ื–ึดื›ึฐืจื•ึนื ื•ึน ืœึดื‘ึฐืจึธื›ึธื”. ื•ึฐื“ึดื‘ึฐืจึตื™ ืชึผึตื™ืžึทื”ึผ ื”ึตื, ืฉืึถืึดืœึผื•ึผ ื›ึผึดื“ึฐื‘ึธืจึธื™ื•, ืœึนื ื”ึธื™ึธื” ืจึธืื•ึผื™ ืœึดืžึฐื ื•ึนืช "ืฉืึฐืžึทืข ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ" ืฉืึถื”ึดื™ื ืžึดืฆึฐื•ึธื” ืฉืึถื ึดึผืฆึฐื˜ึทื•ึผึดื™ื ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐื™ึดื—ื•ึผื“ ื”' ื™ึดืชึฐื‘ึผึธืจึทืšึฐ ืžึดื›ึผึฐืœึทืœ ืžึทื” ืฉืึถึผืฆึผึดื•ึผึธื” ืœึธื ื•ึผ ืžึนืฉืึถื”, ืึฒื‘ึธืœ ื”ึธื™ึธื” ืจึธืื•ึผื™ ืœื•ึนืžึทืจ ื‘ึผึธื”ึผ* ืฉืึถืžึผึดืคึผึดื™ ื”ึทื’ึผึฐื‘ื•ึผืจึธื” ืฉืึฐืžึทืขึฒื ื•ึผื”ึธ. ื•ึฐืขื•ึนื“, ืฉืึถื›ึผึฐื‘ึธืจ ืึธืžึฐืจื•ึผ ื‘ึผึท"ืžึฐึผื›ึดื™ืœึฐืชึธึผื" (ื™ืชืจื•, ืคืจืฉื” ื•): 'ืœึนื ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืœึฐืšึธ ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ืึฒื—ึตืจึดื™ื' (ืฉืžื•ืช ื› ื’) โ€“ ืœึธืžึผึธื” ื ึถืึฑืžึทืจ โ€“ ืœึฐืคึดื™ ืฉืึถื ึผึถืึฑืžึทืจ (ืฉื ื“): 'ืœึนื ืชึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึถื” ืœึฐืšึธ ืคึถืกึถืœ', ืึตื™ืŸ ืœึดื™ ืึถืœึผึธื ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ื™ึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึถื”, ื”ึถืขึธืฉื‚ื•ึผื™ ื›ึผึฐื‘ึธืจ ืžึดื ึผึทื™ึดืŸ ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ื™ึฐืงึทื™ึผึตื*, ืชึผึทืœึฐืžื•ึผื“ ืœื•ึนืžึทืจ: 'ืœึนื ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืœึฐืšึธ'", ื•ึฐืœึนื ื ึดืชึฐื‘ึผึธืึตืจ ื‘ึผึฐืžื•ึนืคึตืช* ืฉืึถื™ึผึฐื”ึตื ืึธืกื•ึผืจ ืœึฐืงึทื™ึผึตื ื”ึทืฆึผึฐืœึธืžึดื™ื. ื•ึฐืึดื ื™ึนืืžึทืจ ื”ึธืจึทื‘* ืฉืึถื”ึดื™ื ืžึดืฆึฐื•ึธื” ืžึปืฉึนึฐื›ึผึถืœึถืช*, ื”ึทืจึฐื‘ึผึตื” ืžึดืŸ ื”ึทืžึผึดืฆึฐื•ื•ึนืช ืฉืึถื”ึตืŸ ืžึปืฉึนึฐื›ึผึธืœื•ึนืช*. ื•ึฐืขื•ึนื“, ืฉืึถืึธืžึฐืจื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐ"ืฉืึทื‘ึผึธืช" ื‘ึผึฐืคึถืจึถืง "ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ืขึฒืงึดื™ื‘ึธื" (ืคื— ื‘): "ืึธืžึทืจ ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ื™ื•ึนื—ึธื ึธืŸ: ืžึทืื™ ื“ึผึดื›ึฐืชึดื™ื‘: 'ื”' ื™ึดืชึผึถืŸ ืึนืžึถืจ ื”ึทืžึฐื‘ึทืฉึผื‚ึฐืจื•ึนืช ืฆึธื‘ึธื ืจึธื‘*' (ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืกื— ื™ื‘) โ€“ ื›ึผึธืœ ื“ึผึดื‘ึผื•ึผืจ ื•ึฐื“ึดื‘ึผื•ึผืจ ืฉืึถื™ึผึธืฆึธื ืžึดืคึผึดื™ ื”ึทืงึผึธื“ื•ึนืฉื ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ื”ื•ึผื ื ึดืชึฐื—ึทืœึผึตืง ืœึฐืฉืึดื‘ึฐืขึดื™ื ืœึธืฉืื•ึนืŸ, ื“ึฐึผื‘ึตื™ ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ื™ึดืฉืึฐืžึธืขึตืืœ ืชึผึธื ึธื: 'ื”ึฒืœื•ึนื ื›ึนื” ื“ึฐื‘ึธืจึดื™ ื›ึผึธืึตืฉื ื ึฐืึปื ื”' ื•ึผื›ึฐืคึทื˜ึผึดื™ืฉื ื™ึฐืคึนืฆึตืฅ ืกึธืœึทืข' (ื™ืจืžื™ื” ื›ื’ ื›ื˜) โ€“ ืžึทื” ืคึผึทื˜ึผึดื™ืฉื ืžึดืชึฐื—ึทืœึผึตืง ืœึฐื›ึทืžึผึธื” ื ึดื™ืฆื•ึนืฆื•ึนืช ืึทืฃ ื›ึผึธืœ ื“ึผึดื‘ึผื•ึผืจ ื•ึฐื“ึดื‘ึผื•ึผืจ ืฉืึถื™ึผึธืฆึธื ืžึดืคึผึดื™ ื”ึทืงึผึธื“ื•ึนืฉื ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ื”ื•ึผื ื ึถื—ึฑืœึทืง ืœึฐืฉืึดื‘ึฐืขึดื™ื ืœึธืฉืื•ึนืŸ", ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ื–ึถื” ื‘ึผึฐ"ืึธื ึนื›ึดื™" ื•ึฐ"ืœึนื ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืœึฐืšึธ", ืœึฐืคึดื™ ืฉืึถื”ึตื ื™ึฐืกื•ึนื“ึตื™ ื”ึทืชึผื•ึนืจึธื”, ืฉืึถืึดื ื™ึดืจึฐืฆื•ึผ ื”ึธืึปืžึผื•ึนืช ืœึฐืงึทื‘ึผึฐืœึธื”ึผ, ืฉืึถืชึผึดื ึผึธืชึตืŸ ืœึธื”ึถืŸ ืขึดืžึผึธื ื•ึผ, ืขึทืœ ื“ึผึถืจึถืšึฐ ืžึทื” ืฉืึถึผืึธืžึฐืจื•ึผ ืจึทื‘ึผื•ึนืชึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื–ึดื›ึฐืจื•ึนื ึธื ืœึดื‘ึฐืจึธื›ึธื” ื‘ึผึฐืคึถืจึถืง ืงึทืžึผึธื ื“ึทึผ"ืขึฒื‘ื•ึนื“ึธื” ื–ึธืจึธื”" (ื‘ ื‘). ื•ึฐืึดื* ืœึนื ืฉืึธืžึฐืขื•ึผ ืจึทืง* ืงื•ึนืœ ืขึธืฆื•ึผื, ืœึนื ืฉืึถื™ึผึทื‘ึฐื“ึผึดื™ืœื•ึผ ื”ึทื“ึผึฐื‘ึธืจึดื™ื, ืึตื™ืŸ ื”ึถืคึฐืจึตืฉื ื‘ึผึตื™ืŸ ื”ึทื ึผึถืึฑืžึธืจ ื‘ึผึดืœึฐืฉืื•ึนืŸ ื”ึทืงึผึนื“ึถืฉื ืื•ึน ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ืœึธืฉืื•ึนืŸ. ืึถืœึผึธื ืขึดืงึผึธืจ ื”ึทื“ึผึธื‘ึธืจ ืฉืึถืฉึฐืึผืžึธืขื•ึผื* ื›ึผึธืœ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ืฉืึถื ึผึถืึถืžึฐืจื•ึผ ืœึฐืžึนืฉืึถื”, ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึฐืชึธื” ื”ึทืกึผึดื‘ึผึธื” โ€“ ืœึฐืงึดื™ึผื•ึผื ื”ึทืชึผื•ึนืจึธื”* ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ืฉืึถืึธืžึทืจึฐื ื•ึผ, ื›ึผึฐื“ึตื™ ืฉืึถื™ึผึตื“ึฐืขื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐืึถืžึถืช ืฉืึถื”ื•ึผื ื ึฐื‘ึดื™ื ื”' ื™ึดืชึฐื‘ึผึธืจึทืšึฐ, ืœึนื ืžึดืฆึผึทื“ ื”ึธืื•ึนืชื•ึนืช*, ื•ึฐื›ึตื™ื•ึธืŸ ืฉืึถื›ึผึตืŸ, ืžึทื“ึผื•ึผืขึท ื ึดืกึฐืžึนืšึฐ ืขึทืœ ื ึธื‘ึดื™ื ื—ื•ึนืœึตืง ืขึธืœึธื™ื•. ื•ึผื›ึฐื‘ึธืจ ื”ึตืขึดื™ื“ ื”ื•ึผื ืžึดืคึผึดื™ ื”' ื™ึดืชึฐื‘ึผึธืจึทืšึฐ.
ืžืขืœืช ื ื‘ื•ืืช ืขืž"ื™ ื‘ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ืื™ื ื” ื›ืžืขืœืช ืžืฉื”
ื”ึดื ึผึตื” ื‘ึผึตืึทืจึฐื ื•ึผ ืฉืึถืึตื™ืŸ ื”ึทืฉึผื‚ึธื’ึธืชึธื ื›ึผึฐื”ึทืฉึผื‚ึธื’ึธืชื•ึน*, ื›ึผึดื™ ื ึดืชึฐืขึทืœึผึธื” ืขึฒืœึตื™ื”ึถื ื‘ึผึฐืึทืจึฐื‘ึผึทืข ืžึทืขึฒืœื•ึนืช* ืฉืึถื”ึดื–ึฐื›ึผึทืจึฐื ื•ึผ, ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ื ึธื‘ึดื™ื ืœึฐืขื•ึนืœึธื ื•ึฐืœึนื ื”ึธื™ึธื” ืงึนื“ึถื ืžึนืฉืึถื” ืจึทื‘ึผึตื ื•ึผ ืขึธืœึธื™ื• ื”ึทืฉึผืึธืœื•ึนื ืฉืึถื™ึผึทืฉืึฐืœึดื™ืžื•ึผ ืœื•ึน ืึตืœึผื•ึผ ื”ึทืžึผึทืขึฒืœื•ึนืช ื•ึฐืœึนื ืึทื—ึทืช ืžึตื”ึถืŸ, ืจึทืง ืœึฐืฆึนืจึถืšึฐ ื”ึทืฉึผืึธืขึธื” ื–ึธื›ื•ึผ ื›ึผึธืœ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืœึฐืึทื—ึทืช ืžึดืžึผึทืขึฒืœื•ึนืชึธื™ื• ื‘ึผึฐ"ืึธื ึนื›ึดื™" ื•ึฐ"ืœึนื ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืœึฐืšึธ", ื•ึฐื”ื•ึผื: ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ื”ึธื™ึธื” ื‘ึผึตื™ื ึตื™ื”ึถื ื•ึผื‘ึตื™ืŸ ื”' ื™ึดืชึฐื‘ึผึธืจึทืšึฐ ืึถืžึฐืฆึธืขึดื™. ื•ึฐืึทืฃ ืขึทืœ ืคึผึดื™ ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ืจึฐืื•ึผื™ึดื™ื ืœึฐืื•ึนืชึธื”ึผ ื”ึทื”ึทืฉึผื‚ึธื’ึธื”, ื•ึฐื’ึทื ืฉืึถื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ื ืžึตื”ึถื ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ืจึฐืื•ึผื™ึดื™ื ืœึฐืžึทื“ึฐืจึตื’ึทืช ื”ึทื ึผึฐื‘ื•ึผืึธื” ื›ึผึฐืœึธืœ, ื”ึธื™ึธื” ื–ึถื” ื›ึผึฐื“ึตื™ ืฉืึถืชึผึดืชึฐื—ึทื–ึผึตืง ืึถืฆึฐืœึตื ื•ึผ ื ึฐื‘ื•ึผืึธืชื•ึน, ื•ึฐืฉืึถืœึผึนื ื ึทืึฒืžึดื™ืŸ ืœึฐื ึธื‘ึดื™ื ืึทื—ึตืจ ืฉืึถื™ึผึดืกึฐืชึผึนืจ ื“ึผึฐื‘ึธืจึธื™ื•, ื•ึผืœึฐืคึดื™ื›ึธืšึฐ ื›ึผึธืœ ื ึธื‘ึดื™ื ืฉืึถื™ึผึดืชึฐื ึทื‘ึผึตื ื”ึถืคึถืšึฐ ืžึดื ึผึฐื‘ื•ึผืึทืช ืžึนืฉืึถื” ื ึตื“ึทืข ืฉืึถื”ื•ึผื ื ึฐื‘ึดื™ื ืฉืึถืงึถืจ.
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ืฉืึถื”ึดืจึฐื—ึดื™ืง ื–ึถื” โ€“ ืฉื—ืœืง ื•ืฉืœืœ ื”ื‘ื ื” ื–ื•. ื”ึดืฉึผื‚ึดื™ื’ื•ึผ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ โ€“ ืฉืžืขื• ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™. ืจึทืง โ€“ ืืœื. ื”ึถื‘ึฐื“ึผึตืœ ื“ึผึฐื‘ึธืจึดื™ื โ€“ ืœื ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™ ืฉืœ ื ื‘ื•ืื”. ืจื•ึนืฆึดื™ื ื‘ึผึธื–ึถื” โ€“ ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื ืฉืœ ื—ื–"ืœ ื”ื™ื. ืฉืึถื”ึดื’ึผึดื™ืขึท ืึฒืœึตื™ื”ึถื ื•ื›ื•' โ€“ ืฉื”ืฉื™ื’ื• ื‘ืฉื›ืœื ื‘ื”ื‘ื ืชื ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ืฉื™ื’ ืžืฉื” ื‘ืฉื›ืœื• ื•ืœื ื ื–ื“ืงืงื• ืœืงื‘ืœื ืžืžืฉื”. ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ืžึทื” ืฉืึถึผื™ึผึดื•ึผึธื“ึทืข ื‘ึผึฐืžื•ึนืคึตืช ื•ื›ื•' โ€“ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื—ื ื‘ืฉื›ืœ, ืื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ืœืฉืืจ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื‘ื™ื“ื™ืขืชื. ืžึดื›ึผึทืช ื”ึทืžึฐืคึปืจึฐืกึธืžื•ึนืช ื•ึฐืœึนื ืžึดื›ึผึทืช ื”ึทืžึผึปืฉึนึฐื›ึผึธืœื•ึนืช โ€“ ืžืกื•ื’ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ืกื›ืžื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื•ืœื ืžืกื•ื’ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื ื™ืชื ื™ื ืœื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ืฉื›ืœื™ืช. ื”ึธื™ึธื” ืจึธืื•ึผื™ ืœื•ึนืžึทืจ ื‘ึผึธื”ึผ โ€“ ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื’ื ืžืฆื•ืช 'ืฉืžืข ื™ืฉืจืืœ' ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ื”ืฉื›ืœื™ืช. ื”ึถืขึธืฉื‚ื•ึผื™ ื›ึผึฐื‘ึธืจ ืžึดื ึผึทื™ึดืŸ ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ื™ึฐืงึทื™ึผึตื โ€“ ืคืกืœ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื ืขืฉื” ืžื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืฉื•ื‘ืจื•. ื‘ึผึฐืžื•ึนืคึตืช โ€“ ื‘ื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ืฉื›ืœื™ืช. ื™ึนืืžึทืจ ื”ึธืจึทื‘ โ€“ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื. ืžึปืฉึนึฐื›ึผึถืœึถืช โ€“ ืฉื ื™ืชื ืช ืœื”ื‘ื ื” ื‘ืฉื›ืœ (ืืš ืื™ื ื” ืžื•ื›ื—ืช ื‘ืจืื™ื”). ืฉืึถื”ึตืŸ ืžึปืฉึนึฐื›ึผึธืœื•ึนืช โ€“ ื•ืœื ื ืืžืจ ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ืฉื”ืŸ ืžืคื™ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืจื”. ืฆึธื‘ึธื ืจึธื‘ โ€“ ืืœื• ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื•ึฐืึดื โ€“ ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื. ืจึทืง โ€“ ืืœื. ืฉืึถืฉึฐืึผืžึธืขื•ึผื โ€“ ื‘ื ื‘ื•ืื”. ืœึฐืงึดื™ึผื•ึผื ื”ึทืชึผื•ึนืจึธื” โ€“ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื™ืกื•ืก ืืžื•ื ืชื ื‘ืชื•ืจื”. ืœึนื ืžึดืฆึผึทื“ ื”ึธืื•ึนืชื•ึนืช โ€“ ืฉืืžื•ื ืชื ื‘ืžืฉื” ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ืžื—ืžืช ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื ื•ื”ืžื•ืคืชื™ื ืฉืขืฉื”. ื”ึทืฉึผื‚ึธื’ึธืชึธื ื›ึผึฐื”ึทืฉึผื‚ึธื’ึธืชื•ึน โ€“ ื”ืฉื’ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ื”ืฉื’ืช ืžืฉื” ื‘ื ื‘ื•ืื”. ื‘ึผึฐืึทืจึฐื‘ึผึทืข ืžึทืขึฒืœื•ึนืช โ€“ ื›ื ืจืื” ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ื‘ื•ืืช ืžืฉื” ืขืœ ื ื‘ื•ืืช ืฉืืจ ื”ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื.

ื‘ื™ืื•ืจื™ื
ื‘ืกืคืจื• "ืžื•ืจื” ื ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื" (ื—ืœืง ื‘ ืคืจืง ืœื’), ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–"ืœ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืžืขื• ืืช ืฉื ื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืžืคื™ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืจื”, ืื™ื ื ืžืชืคืจืฉื™ื ื›ืคืฉื•ื˜ื, ืืœื ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืื•ืชื• ืฉืžืขื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ื”ื•ื ืงื•ืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ืขืœ ืขื•ืฆืžื” ืจื‘ื”, ืืš ืœื ืฉืžืขื• ืžื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืจื•ืจื•ืช. ืœืคื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื—ื–"ืœ ื‘ืžื” ืฉืืžืจื• ืฉืฉืžืขื• ืžืคื™ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืจื”, ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ืฉื›ืœื ืœื”ื‘ื ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื” ืœื”ื‘ื ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื•, ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื ื•ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”' (ืื ื›ื™) ื•ืื—ื“ื•ืชื• (ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื”). ืœืฉื™ื˜ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ืœื ื‘ื•ืื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ื”ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ืฉื›ืœื™.
ื”ืจ"ืŸ ื—ื•ืœืง ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื ื” ื–ื• ื•ืžืคืจืฉ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–"ืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืคืฉื•ื˜, ืฉืื›ืŸ ื–ื›ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื ื‘ื•ืื” ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืข ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืงื•ืœ ื”ื™ื•ืฆื ืžืคื™ ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื. ืจืื™ื” ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื”ืจ"ืŸ ืžืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืงืจื™ืืช ืฉืžืข, ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”', ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ื” ืžืชื•ืš ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ืฉื›ืœื™ ืื ื• ืœื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืฉืžืขื ื• ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื–ื• ืžืคื™ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืืœื ื”ืจื™ ื”ื™ื ื›ืฉืืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื ื™ืชื ื• ืœื ื• ืข"ื™ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื•. ืจืื™ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืžื‘ื™ื ื”ืจ"ืŸ ืžื›ืš ืฉืœืžืฆื•ื•ืช "ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื”" ื™ืฉ ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืฉืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ื”ื ื‘ืกื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉื›ืœื™ื•ืช, ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ื–ืืช ื ืืžืจ ื‘ื” ืฉืฉืžืขื• ืื•ืชื” ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืคื™ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืจื”. ืขื•ื“ ืžื•ื›ื™ื— ื”ืจ"ืŸ ืฉืœื ื›ื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–"ืœ ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจื•ืช ื ื—ืœืงื• ืœืฉื‘ืขื™ื ืœืฉื•ืŸ, ื•ืื ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื—ื™ืชื•ืš ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ, ืื™ื–ื” ืชืจื’ื•ื ืฉื™ื™ืš ื‘ื”ืŸ?
ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืžืกื™ืง ื”ืจ"ืŸ ืฉืื›ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื“ื•ืจ ื–ื›ื• ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื ื‘ื•ืื” ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉ ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœืืžืช ืืช ื ื‘ื•ืืช ืžืฉื” ื›ืคื™ ืฉืจืื™ื ื•.

ื”ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช
โ€ขืžื“ื•ืข ืžืคืจืฉ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืืช ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ืฉืœื ื›ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•?
ื•ึผืœึฐื›ึธืšึฐ ื ึดืชึฐืžึทื”ึผ ืžึดืŸ ื”ึธืจึทืžึฐื‘ึผึธ"ื ื–ึดื›ึฐืจื•ึนื ื•ึน ืœึดื‘ึฐืจึธื›ึธื” ืฉืึถื”ึดืจึฐื—ึดื™ืง ื–ึถื”, ื•ึฐืึธืžึทืจ ("ืžื•ืจื” ื ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื" ื—"ื‘ ืคืœ"ื’): ืœึนื ื”ึดืฉึผื‚ึดื™ื’ื•ึผ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืจึทืง ืงื•ึนืœ ืขึธืฆื•ึผื, ืœึนื ื”ึถื‘ึฐื“ึผึตืœ ื“ึผึฐื‘ึธืจึดื™ื. ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื›ื•ืชื‘: "ื™ืชื‘ืืจ ืœื™ ืฉื‘ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืžืฉื” ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืžืฉื” ืœื‘ื“ื•... ื•ื”ื ื™ืฉืžืขื• ื”ืงื•ืœ ื”ื”ื•ื ื”ืขืฆื•ื ืœื ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื" [ืžื•ืจื” ื ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ ืœื’]. ื”ืจ"ืŸ ืžืืจื™ืš ืœืชืžื•ื” ืขืœ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืฉื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืžืขื• ื‘ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”'.
ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืœืžื“ ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ื•ื ื ื–ืงืง ืœื‘ืืจ ืืช ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ื”. ื•ื›ืš ื›ื•ืชื‘: "ืžื™ืกื•ื“ื™ ื”ื“ืช ืœื™ื“ืข ืฉื”ืืœ ืžื ื‘ื ืืช ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื... ืื“ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืžื•ืœื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžื“ื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ืฉืœื ื‘ื’ื•ืคื•, ื›ืฉื™ื›ื ืก ืœืคืจื“ืก ื•ื™ืžืฉืš ื‘ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ืขื ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืจื—ื•ืงื™ื ื•ืชื”ื™ื” ืœื• ื“ืขื” ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืชืงื“ืฉ... ืžื™ื“ ืจื•ื— ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืฉื•ืจื” ืขืœื™ื•" [ืคืจืง ื– ื”ืœื›ื” ื]. ืœืคื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื, ื”ื ื‘ื•ืื” ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ืžื“ืจื’ืชื• ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื. ืื™ ืœื›ืš, ืœื“ื™ื“ื• ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ื ื‘ื•ืื” ืขืœ ืื“ื ืฉืœื ืžืฆื•ื™ ื‘ืžื“ืจื’ื” ื”ืจืื•ื™ื”. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื”ืจ"ืŸ ื”ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ ื›ืชื ืื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœ, ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืจื•ืื” ืื•ืชื ื›ืชื ืื™ื ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื ื–ืงืง ืœื‘ืืจ ืฉื‘ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ืœื ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืžืขื• ืืช ืงื•ืœ ื”'.

ืฉืืœื•ืช ืœื“ื™ื•ืŸ
ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื”ื•ื›ื—ืช ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ืืœ ื•ืื—ื“ื•ืชื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™? ื”ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืืžืช ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื›ืš?
ื›ื™ื•ื ื™ืฉ ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืืžืชื™ื•ืช ื ื‘ื•ืืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื•. ืžื“ื•ืข ืื ื• ืœื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื ื‘ื•ืื” ื ื•ืกืคืช?
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il