ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ืœื•ื— ืฉื ื” ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช

ื”ืงื“ืฉืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืืชืจ

ื”ืงื“ืฉ

ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
 ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ื”ืœื›ื” ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื•ืžื•ืกืจ
  • ืืจืฅ ืื’ื“ื”
  • ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื” ื•ืืกื˜ืจื•ื ื•ืžื™ื”
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
undefined
1818
17 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ืืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขืกื“ืจื•ืชืกืคืจื™ื”ืคืกืงื™ ื“ื™ืŸื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš
ื‘ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืžืกื›ืช ืชืขื ื™ืช (ื“ืฃ ื›ื•, ื‘) ืžืกื•ืคืจ ืขืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืจืขื™ื ืฉืื™ืจืขื• ืœืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื‘ื™"ื– ื‘ืชืžื•ื– ื•ื‘ื˜' ื‘ืื‘, ื•ื‘ืกื™ื•ืžื” ืžืกื•ืคืจ ืขืœ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื˜"ื• ื‘ืื‘ ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ืคื•ืจื™ื:
"ื—ืžืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื™ืจืขื• ืืช ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ืขื” ืขืฉืจ ื‘ืชืžื•ื–, ื•ื—ืžืฉื” ื‘ืชืฉืขื” ื‘ืื‘. ื‘ืฉื‘ืขื” ืขืฉืจ ื‘ืชืžื•ื– ื ืฉืชื‘ืจื• ื”ืœื•ื—ื•ืช... ื‘ืชืฉืขื” ื‘ืื‘ ื ื’ื–ืจ ืขืœ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืฉืœื ื™ื›ื ืกื• ืœืืจืฅ, ื•ื—ืจื‘ ื”ื‘ื™ืช... ืžืฉื ื›ื ืก ืื‘ ืžืžืขื˜ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉืžื—ื”... ืืžืจ ืจื‘ืŸ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ื’ืžืœื™ืืœ: ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื™ืžื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ื—ืžืฉื” ืขืฉืจ ื‘ืื‘ ื•ื›ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ืคื•ืจื™ื, ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ืช ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœื™ ืœื‘ืŸ ืฉืื•ืœื™ืŸ, ืฉืœื ืœื‘ื™ื™ืฉ ืืช ืžื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื•, ื›ืœ ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื˜ืขื•ื ื™ืŸ ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”. ื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื•ื—ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ื›ืจืžื™ื, ื•ืžื” ื”ื™ื• ืื•ืžืจื•ืช: ื‘ื—ื•ืจ! ืฉื ื ื ืขื™ื ื™ืš ื•ืจืื” ืžื” ืืชื” ื‘ื•ืจืจ ืœืš, ืืœ ืชืชืŸ ืขื™ื ื™ืš ื‘ื ื•ื™, ืชืŸ ืขื™ื ื™ืš ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ื” (ืžืฉืœื™ ืœื): 'ืฉืึถืงึถืจ ื”ึทื—ึตืŸ ื•ึฐื”ึถื‘ึถืœ ื”ึทื™ึผึนืคึดื™ ืึดืฉึผืึธื” ื”' ื”ึดื™ื ืชึดืชึฐื”ึทืœึผึธืœ', ื•ืื•ืžืจ (ืฉื): 'ืชึผึฐื ื•ึผึพืœึธื”ึผ ืžึดืคึผึฐืจึดื™ ื™ึธื“ึถื™ื”ึธ ื•ึดื™ื”ึทืœึฐืœื•ึผื”ึธ ื‘ึทืฉึผืึฐืขึธืจึดื™ื ืžึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึถื™ื”ึธ'. ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ (ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื’): 'ืฆึฐืึถื™ื ึธื” ื•ึผืจึฐืึถื™ื ึธื” ื‘ึผึฐื ื•ึนืช ืฆึดื™ึผื•ึนืŸ ื‘ึผึทืžึผึถืœึถืšึฐ ืฉืึฐืœึนืžึนื” ื‘ึผึธืขึฒื˜ึธืจึธื” ืฉืึถืขึดื˜ึผึฐืจึธื”ึพืœึผื•ึน ืึดืžึผื•ึน ื‘ึผึฐื™ื•ึนื ื—ึฒืชึปื ึผึธืชื•ึน ื•ึผื‘ึฐื™ื•ึนื ืฉื‚ึดืžึฐื—ึทืช ืœึดื‘ึผื•ึน'. 'ื‘ึผึฐื™ื•ึนื ื—ึฒืชึปื ึผึธืชื•ึน' - ื–ื” ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื”, 'ื•ึผื‘ึฐื™ื•ึนื ืฉื‚ึดืžึฐื—ึทืช ืœึดื‘ึผื•ึน' - ื–ื” ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, ืฉื™ื‘ื ื” ื‘ืžื”ืจื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•."

ืžืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืžืฉืžืข ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ืžื”ืจื” ื™ื‘ื ื” ื‘ืžืงื“ืฉ, ื™ื—ื–ืจื• ืœื—ื•ื’ ืืช ื™ืžื™ ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื”ืืœื•. ื•ืื ื›ืš ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ื™ื” ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘'ื™ื“ ื”ื—ื–ืงื”' ืืช ื”ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืฉืžื—ื” ืืœื•, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื˜ืขื•ื ื™ื ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื•ื›ื“ื•'. ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ืฉืžื™ื˜ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืืœื•?
ืงืฉื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืžื—ื•ืœ ื”'ืฉื™ื“ื•ื›ื™ื' ืฉืžืชื•ืืจ ื‘ืžืฉื ื” ื›ืคืฉื˜ื•ืชื•, ืžื›ืžื” ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช, ื•ื ืžื ื” ืฉืชื™ื ืžื”ืŸ:
ื. ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื ืฆื•ื ืฉืžื—ืœื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ื•ื™ื“ื•ืข ืฉืžืืžืฅ ื’ื•ืคื ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฆื•ื ืขืœื•ืœ ืœืกื›ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื (ืขื™' ื™ื•ืžื ื“ืฃ ืกื–, ื ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ืžื™ื ืœืžื•ืœื™ืš ืืช ื”ืฉืขื™ืจ ืœืžื“ื‘ืจ ืžื—ืฉืฉ ืฉืžื ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื›ืš). ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืœืชืงืŸ ืฉื‘ื ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืชื—ื•ืœืœื ื” ื‘ื›ืจืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฆื•ื ื›ืคื•ืจ ื›ืฉื”ืŸ ืžืกื›ื ื•ืช ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ืŸ ืื• ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฉืœื”ืŸ ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืฆื•ื?! - "ื”ื™ื›ื™ ืงื™ื™ืžื™ ืจื‘ื ืŸ ื•ืชืงื ื• ืžื™ืœืชื ื“ืืชื™ ืœื™ื“ื™ ืกื›ื ื”"?!
ื‘. ืงืฉื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืžื—ื•ืœ ื”ืฉื™ื“ื•ื›ื™ื ื’ื ื‘ื˜"ื• ื‘ืื‘ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื ืฆื•ื, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืงืฉื” ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืฉื ืขืจื” ืฉืžื›ื‘ื“ืช ืืช ืขืฆืžื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื—ื•ืœืœืช ื‘ื›ืจืžื™ื ื•ืงื•ืจืืช ื‘ืงื•ืœ ืืช ืฉื‘ื—ื™ื” ื‘ืื–ื ื™ ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืฆื•ืคื™ื. ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฆืื ื• ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• 'ื”ืžื›ืชื' (ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื—ื›ืžื™ ืคืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืฆื™ื” ืกื™ืžืŸ ื˜, ืกื) ื•ื”'ื›ืœื‘ื•' (ืกื™' ืกื‘) ืฉื”ื‘ื ื•ืช ืฉื—ื•ืœืœื• ืฉื ื”ื™ื• ืจืง ืืœื• ืฉื ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืŸ ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืงืœื•ืฉ ืœื”ื™ื ืฉื, ื•ื›ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื›ืœื‘ื• (ืฉื): "ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื™ื• ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืขื“ ืฉืชืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืจืืฉืŸ ืื ืœื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ื”ื–ื”". ืืœื ืฉื”ืกื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืงืฉื” ืฉื”ืจื™ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื” (ืชืขื ื™ืช ื“ืฃ ืœื, ื) ืžื•ื‘ื ื›ื“ื‘ืจ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉ"ื‘ืช ืžืœืš" ื•"ื‘ืช ื›ื”ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ" ื—ื•ืœืœื• ืฉื ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”. ื•ื›ื™ ื’ื ื”ืŸ ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืงืœื•ืฉ ืœื”ืชื—ืชืŸ ื•ื ืืœืฆื• ืœื—ื•ืœืœ ื•ืœืฆืขื•ืง ืืช ืฉื‘ื—ื™ื”ืŸ ื‘ืงื•ืœ ื‘ืื–ื ื™ ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืฆื•ืคื™ื?!

ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืžื—ืžืช ื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ืืจ ื”'ืžื’ื™ื“ ืžืงื•ื–ื ื™ืฅ' (ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื˜"ื• ื‘ืื‘) ืืช ื”ืžืฉื ื” ื•ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ื‘ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืกืžืœื™ืช, ื•ื›ืชื‘ ืฉ'ื‘ื ื•ืช ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื' ืฉืžื•ื–ื›ืจื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉื ื” ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœ'ื ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ' ื•ื›ื•' 1 , ื•ืข"ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•. ื ืจืื” ืฉื’ื ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื ื” ื–ื• ื‘ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืกืžืœื™ืช, ืืœื ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ืืจ ืืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช 'ื‘ื ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ' ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืžืงืฆืช, ื•ื›ื“ืœืงืžืŸ.

ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ืกื™ื‘ืช ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื‘ื˜"ื• ื‘ืื‘
ื‘ืกื™ื‘ืช ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื‘ื˜"ื• ื‘ืื‘ ื”ื•ื‘ืื• ื‘ื‘ื‘ืœื™ (ืฉื ื“ืฃ ืœ, ื‘; ื‘ื‘ื ื‘ืชืจื ื“ืฃ ืงื›ื, ื) ื•ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ (ืฉื ืค"ื“, ื”"ื–) ื•ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ืื™ื›ื” ืจื‘ื” (ื‘ื•ื‘ืจ ืคืชื™ื—ืชื ืœื’) ื›ืžื” ื˜ืขืžื™ื; ื•ืžื›ื•ืœื ื‘ื—ืจ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืงืฆืจื” ืจืง ื˜ืขื ืื—ื“. ื˜ืขื ื–ื” ืžื•ื–ื›ืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ืื™ื›ื” ืฉื, ื•ื–"ืœ ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ (ื‘ืชื™ืงื•ื ื™ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืงืœื™ื ื•ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืช ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ):
"ื"ืจ ืœื•ื™ ื›ืœ ืขืจื‘ ืชืฉืขื” ื‘ืื‘ ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉื” ืžื•ืฆื™ื ื›ืจื•ื– ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžื—ื ื” ื•ืื•ืžืจ: ืฆืื• ืœื—ืคื•ืจ. ื•ื”ื™ื• ื™ื•ืฆืื™ืŸ ื•ื—ื•ืคืจื™ืŸ ืงื‘ืจื•ืช ื•ื™ืฉื ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืŸ. ืœืฉื—ืจื™ืช ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืฆื™ื ื›ืจื•ื– ื•ืื•ืžืจ: ืงื•ืžื• ื•ื”ืคืจื™ืฉื• ื”ืžืชื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื. ื•ื”ื™ื• ืขื•ืžื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืžื•ืฆืื™ืŸ ืขืฆืžืŸ ืฉื—ืžืฉื” ืขืฉืจ ืืœืฃ ื•ืคืจื•ื˜ืจื•ื˜ (=ื•ืžืขื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ) ื—ืกืจื• ืžื›ืฉืฉ ืžืื•ืช ืืœืฃ (=ืžื ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื™ื ืฉื ื’ื–ืจ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœืžื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืœืื—ืจ ื—ื˜ื ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื). ื•ื‘ืฉื ืช ื”ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืขืฉื• ื›ืŸ ื•ืžืฆืื• ืขืฆืžืŸ ืฉืœืžื™ื, ืืžืจื• ื“ื•ืžื” ืฉื˜ืขื™ื ื• ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ, ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจ ื•ื‘ืื—ื“ ืขืฉืจ ื•ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ืขืฉืจ ื•ืฉืœืฉื” ืขืฉืจ ื•ืืจื‘ืข ืขืฉืจ, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืื™ืชืžืœื ืกื™ื”ืจื (ืฉื”ืชืžืœืื” ื”ืœื‘ื ื” ื‘ื˜"ื• ื‘ืื‘) ืืžืจื• ื“ื•ืžื” ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ื‘ื™ื˜ืœ ืื•ืชื” ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืžืขืœื™ื ื•, ื•ื—ื–ืจื• ื•ืขืฉืื•ื”ื• ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘. ื•ื’ืจืžื• ืขื•ื ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื•ื ืขืฉื” ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืคืขืžื™ื."

ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืกื‘ืจ ืฉื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืžื ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืชื™ื ื‘ืชืฉืขื” ื‘ืื‘ ื”ื™ื” ืžืจื•ื‘ื” ืžืžื ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืชื™ื ื‘ืฉืืจ ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื”, ื•'ืžื’ืคื”' ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” 'ืื•ืช' ืœื—ืจื•ืŸ ืืคื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื”. ื•ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžื ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืชื™ื ื‘ืชืฉืขื” ื‘ืื‘ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ืจื™ื’, ื•ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื›ืš 'ืื•ืช' ืฉืกืจ ืžื”ื ื—ืจื•ืŸ ืืคื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื”. ื•ื–"ืœ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื (ืฉื, ืค"ื“, ื”"ื–):
"ื•ื‘ื—ืจื• ื™ื•ื ื—ืžืฉื” ืขืฉืจ ื‘ืื‘ ืœืคื™ ืฉื‘ื• ืคืกืงื” ื”ืžื’ืคื” ืžืžืชื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืžืŸ ื”ืืจื‘ืขื™ื, ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื”ืžื•ืช ืžืชืจื‘ื” ื‘ื”ื ื›ืœ ืชืฉืขื” ื‘ืื‘, ื•ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืคืกืง, ื•ื ืฉืืจื• ืžืฆืคื™ื ืขื“ ื—ืฆื™ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ืื– ื‘ื˜ื— ืœื‘ื ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื• ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื•ื ื’ืžืจ ื”ื—ืจื•ืŸ ื•ื ืกืชืœืง ืžื”ื, ืœื›ืš ืขืฉื• ืื•ืชื• ืžืื– ื™ื•ื ืฉืžื—ื”."

ืืœื ืฉื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ื ื•ืชืจ ืงืฉื”. ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ื ื• ืงื™ื“ืฉื• ืืช ืจืืฉ-ื—ื“ืฉ ืื‘ ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื” ืฉื ื”, ื•ืงื‘ื™ืขืชื ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื•ืžืชื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ื” ื‘ืฉืžื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ื˜ืขื™ื ืื• ืžื–ื™ื“ื™ื (ืขื™' ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื“ืฃ ื›ื”, ื). ื•ื™ื“ื•ืข (ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ื“ืฃ ืž, ื) ืฉืื“ื ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื˜ืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ื“ื™ืขืช ื”ืชืืจื™ืš ืฉื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื‘ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืืš ืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืš, ื•ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉื›ืœืœ ื”ืฆื‘ื•ืจ ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื˜ืขื•ืช ื‘ื›ืš; ื•ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืกืžื•ืš ืœืžืฉื” ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ื ื• ื•ื™ื›ืœื• ืœื“ืขืช ืžื” ื”ืชืืจื™ืš ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ. ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืš, ืฉื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืœื™ืœ ื™"ื‘ ืœื—ื•ื“ืฉ, ื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื™ืžื™ื, ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืžื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ืœื‘ื ื”, ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื—ืœืฃ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืœื™ืฉ ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉ, ื•ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉื—ืœืฃ ื”ืชืืจื™ืš ืฉืœ ื˜' ื‘ืื‘, ื•ืœื ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ืžืชื™ื ื• ืขื ืฉืžื—ืชื ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืขื“ ืฉื ืชืžืœืื” ื”ืœื‘ื ื” ื‘ื˜"ื• ื‘ืื‘. ืžื“ื•ืข ืžื‘ื™ื ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื˜ืขื ื–ื”, ืฉืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื ืชืžื•ื” ืžืฆื“ ืขืฆืžื•? ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ืฉืืจ ื”ื˜ืขืžื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื‘ืื• ื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื•ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ื‘ื˜ืขื ืฉื™ื•ื ื˜"ื• ื‘ืื‘ ื ืงื‘ืข ืœื™ื•ื ืฉืžื—ื”?

ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืกื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ื—ื’ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉื”ืœื‘ื ื” ื ืชืžืœืื” ื‘ื• ื”ื™ื ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช, ื•ืœื›ืš ืžืจืžื– ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ. ื•ืฉืืจ ื”ื˜ืขืžื™ื ื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืืœื™ื•, ืืš ืื™ื ื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื. ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฆืื ื• ืฉืื—ื“ ื”ื˜ืขืžื™ื ืœืฉืžื—ื” ื‘ื˜"ื• ื‘ืื‘ ื”ื™ื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื "ื™ื•ื ืฉื ืชื ื• ื”ืจื•ื’ื™ ื‘ื™ืชืจ ืœืงื‘ื•ืจื”" (ืชืขื ื™ืช ื“ืฃ ืœื, ื). ื•ื”ืจื™ ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื‘ื™ืชืจ ื”ื™ื” ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, ื›ืืฉืจ ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืขื•ื“ ืžืœืš ื•ื›ื”ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ. ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืžืื•ืจืข ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื˜ืขื ืœืชืงื ื” ืฉืชื•ืงื ื” ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืงื“ื•ืžื” ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื•ืขืœ ื›ื•ืจื—ืš 'ื˜ืขื' ื–ื” ืžืจืžื– ืœื ื• ืฉื”'ืžื—ื•ืœื•ืช' ืฉื‘ื˜"ื• ื‘ืื‘ ืื™ื ืŸ ื›ืคืฉื•ื˜ื. 'ื•ื˜ืขื' ื–ื” ืžืขื™ื“ ืขืœ ืฉืืจ ื”'ื˜ืขืžื™ื' ืฉื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื”, ืฉื’ื ื”ื ืื™ื ื ื›ืคืฉื•ื˜ื 2 . ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ื‘ื—ืจ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ, ืฉืืžื ื ืงืฉื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ื›ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•, ืืš ื”ื•ื ืžืจืžื– ืœืกื™ื‘ืช ืฉืžื—ื” ืงื“ื•ืžื” ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉื”ืœื‘ื ื” ื ืชืžืœืืช, ื•ื›ื“ืœืงืžืŸ.

'ื—ื’' ื•'ืžื—ื•ืœื•ืช' - ื•ื—ื˜ื ื”'ืขื’ืœ'
ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ืฆืื• ืžืžืฆืจื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ื’ื•ื’ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”' (ืฉืžื•ืช ื™, ื˜): "ื•ึทื™ึผึนืืžึถืจ ืžึนืฉืึถื” ื‘ึผึดื ึฐืขึธืจึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื•ึผื‘ึดื–ึฐืงึตื ึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื ึตืœึตืšึฐ ื‘ึผึฐื‘ึธื ึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื•ึผื‘ึดื‘ึฐื ื•ึนืชึตื ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐืฆึนืื ึตื ื•ึผ ื•ึผื‘ึดื‘ึฐืงึธืจึตื ื•ึผ ื ึตืœึตืšึฐ ื›ึผึดื™ ื—ึทื’ ื”' ืœึธื ื•ึผ". ืืœื ืฉื‘ืžื”ื•ืช ื—ื’ ื–ื” ื ืคืœื” ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช. ืœืื—ืจ ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ืขืœื” ืžืฉื” ืœื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ืœืžืฉืš ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•ื, ื›ืฉืžืฉื” ื‘ื•ืฉืฉ ืœืจื“ืช ื ืงื”ืœื• ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืœ ืื”ืจื•ืŸ, ื•ื”ื•ื ืขืฉื” ืœื”ื 'ืขื’ืœ' ื–ื”ื‘, ื•ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ืขืœ 'ื—ื’' ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืžื—ืจืช: "ื•ึทื™ึผึทืจึฐื ืึทื”ึฒืจึนืŸ ื•ึทื™ึผึดื‘ึถืŸ ืžึดื–ึฐื‘ึผึตื—ึท ืœึฐืคึธื ึธื™ื• ื•ึทื™ึผึดืงึฐืจึธื ืึทื”ึฒืจึนืŸ ื•ึทื™ึผึนืืžึทืจ ื—ึทื’ ืœึทื”' ืžึธื—ึธืจ". ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ืœืžืฉื” ืฉื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืฉื• 'ืขื’ืœ' ื•ื–ื‘ื—ื• ืœื•, ื•ืžืฉื” ื”ืชื—ื ืŸ ืœื”' ืฉื™ืกืœื— ืœื”ื, ื•ื”' ื ืขื ื” ืœื• ื•ืกืœื— ืœื”ื: "ื•ึทื™ึผึดื ึผึธื—ึถื ื”' ืขึทืœ ื”ึธืจึธืขึธื” ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื“ึผึดื‘ึผึถืจ ืœึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึนืช ืœึฐืขึทืžึผื•ึน". ืžืฉื” ื ื˜ืœ ืืช ื”ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ื™ืจื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืื ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืœื ืฉืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื™ื ื” ืžืฉื” ื“ืขืชื• ื•ืฉื‘ืจื: "ื•ึทื™ึฐื”ึดื™ ื›ึผึทืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืงึธืจึทื‘ ืึถืœึพื”ึทืžึผึทื—ึฒื ึถื” ื•ึทื™ึผึทืจึฐื ืึถืช ื”ึธืขึตื’ึถืœ ื•ึผืžึฐื—ึนืœึนืช ื•ึทื™ึผึดื—ึทืจึพืึทืฃ ืžึนืฉืึถื” ื•ึทื™ึผึทืฉืึฐืœึตืšึฐ ืžึดื™ึผึธื“ึธื™ื• ืึถืชึพื”ึทืœึผึปื—ึนืช ื•ึทื™ึฐืฉืึทื‘ึผึตืจ ืึนืชึธื ืชึผึทื—ึทืช ื”ึธื”ึธืจ". ื”'ืžื—ื•ืœื•ืช' ื‘ืฉืžื—ืช ื”'ืขื’ืœ ' โ€“ ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉืื”ืจื•ืŸ ืงืจื ืœื• ื—ึทื’ ืœึทื”' โ€“ ื”ื ืฉืฉื‘ืจื• ืืช ืœื‘ ืžืฉื”, ื•ื”ื ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืœืฉื‘ื™ืจืช ื”ืœื•ื—ื•ืช!
ื‘ืžืืžืจ "ืจืฉ"ื™ - ื•ื”ืคืกื•ืง ืฉืœื ืงื™ื™ื" ื”ืชื‘ืืจ ืฉื›ืžื” ืžืžื“ืจืฉื™ ื—ื–"ืœ ืžืจืžื–ื™ื ืฉื—ื˜ื ื”ืขื’ืœ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ืžืžืฉ, ื•ื’ื ื”ื—ื•ื˜ืื™ื ืœื ื ืขื ืฉื• ืžืžืฉ 3 . ื•ื”ืชื‘ืืจ ืฉื”'ืขื’ืœ' ื”ื™ื” 'ืื ื“ืจื˜ื”' ืฉืกื™ืžืœื” ืืช ื”ื“ื’ืฉืช ื”ืคืŸ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื”ืคืŸ ืฉืžื–ื•ื”ื” ืขื ืžืฉื™ื— ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืคืŸ ืฉืœ ื”'ืฉื•ืจ'. ืžืฉื” ืจืฆื” ืฉื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ืกื›ื™ืžื• ืœืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” (ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื˜, ื•): "ื•ึฐืึทืชึผึถื ืชึผึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึผ ืœึดื™ ืžึทืžึฐืœึถื›ึถืช ื›ึผึนื”ึฒื ึดื™ื ื•ึฐื’ื•ึนื™ ืงึธื“ื•ึนืฉื", ื‘ืžืžืœื›ื” ื–ื• 'ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ' ื”ื•ื 'ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ', ื•ืžืงืจื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื• 'ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ ืชื•ืจื”' ื•ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืชื ืžื’ื™ืข ื”ืฉืคืข ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื•ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ ืœืขื•ืœื. ืืš ืจื•ื‘ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœื”ืคื ื™ื ื‘ืงืจื‘ื ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืขื– ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื›ื–ื•. ื”ื ืจืฆื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืžืงืฆืช ืœืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื•ื”ื ืจืฆื• ืœื”ืงื™ื ืžืงื“ืฉ ื•ื‘ื• ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช. ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืงื˜ื ื” ืฉืชืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” ืื• ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, ืืš ืจื•ื‘ื ืจืฆื• ืœื”ืชืคืจื ืก ืžื™ื’ื™ืข ื›ืคื™ื”ื ื›ืžื• ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื, ื•ืจืฆื• ืœื”ื™ื“ืžื•ืช ืœื’ื•ื™ื™ื ื•ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ ื‘ืจืืฉื ืžืœืš ืฉื™ืฉ ืชื—ืชื™ื• ืฆื‘ื ืงื‘ื•ืข ื•ืžืื•ืจื’ืŸ.
ืžืฉื” ื™ื“ืข ื–ืืช, ื•ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืจืžื–ืช ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืคืจืฉืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื (ืฉืžื•ืช ื›ื“) ืฉืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืžืฉื” ืฉื™ืชืฃ ืืช ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช, ื•ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ืจืช ื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ื™ื ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”' ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ึผึธืึทื’ึผึธื ึนืช ืฉื”ื ื›ืœื™ 'ืขื’ื•ืœ', ื”ืกื›ื™ืžื• ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืœื”ืงื“ื™ื ื ืขืฉื” ืœื ืฉืžืข. ืื•ืœื ืžืฉื” ืกื‘ืจ ืฉื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืขืžื“ ื—ื“-ืคืขืžื™, ื•ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ืกื›ื™ืžื• ืœื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ื•ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘'ืคืŸ ื”ืขื’ื•ืœ' ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”'. ืืš ืื”ืจื•ืŸ ื ืขืชืจ ืœื‘ืงืฉืชื ื’ื ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ื•ืกื‘ืจืชื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ืžื•ืจื” ื”ื ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื (ื’, ืœื‘):
"ืื™-ืืคืฉืจ ืœืคื™ ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืื“ื ืฉื™ื ื™ื— ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ืจื’ื™ืœ ื‘ื• ืคืชืื•ื... ื•ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื›ืœื• ืฉื”ื™ื• ืื– ืจื’ื™ืœื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ื•ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืืฉืจ ื’ื“ืœื• ืขืœื™ื”, ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืžื™ื ื™ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ื™ื›ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื... ืœื ื’ื–ืจื” ื—ื›ืžืชื• ื•ืชื—ื‘ื•ืœืชื• ื”ืžื‘ื•ืืจืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ื• ืฉื™ืฆื•ื ื• ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืžื™ื ื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื”ื ื›ื•ืœื ื•ืœื‘ื˜ืœื, ื›ื™ ืื– ื”ื™ื” ืžื” ืฉืœื ื™ืขืœื” ื‘ืœื‘ ืœืงื‘ืœื•, ื›ืคื™ ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืื“ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื•ื˜ื” ืชืžื™ื“ ืœืžื•ืจื’ืœ..."

ืžืฉื” ืกื‘ืจ ืฉื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืจื•ืžื ืœืžื“ืจื’ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื” ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืžืงื“ืฉ ื•ื‘ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื•ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืžืœืš ื•ื‘ืฆื‘ื ืžืื•ืจื’ืŸ, ื•ืื”ืจื•ืŸ ืกื‘ืจ ืฉื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื™ื ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื›ืš ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืจื“ืช ืœืžื“ืจื’ืชื ื•ืœืฉืื™ืคืชื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืžืงืฆืช ืœืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื”ืงื• ื”'ืขื’ื•ืœ' ืžืกืžืœ ืืช ืขื•ืœื ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ ืฉืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืืœื™ื•; ื•ืืœื• ื”ืงื• ื”'ื™ืฉืจ' ืžืกืžืœ ืืช ื”ืขื™ืกื•ืง ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” ืฉื”ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ (ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื”ืขืจืช ื”ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื 4 ). ืื”ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืกื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื”' ืฉืžื— ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื’ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืงื• ื”'ืขื’ื•ืœ', ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ื›ืจื™ื–: "ื—ึทื’ ืœึทื”' ืžึธื—ึธืจ", ื•ื›ืžื” ืžืžื“ืจืฉื™ ื—ื–"ืœ ืžืจืžื–ื™ื ืฉื–ื• ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื—ื˜ื ื”'ืขื’ืœ' (='ืขื’ื•ืœ').

ื”ืžื—ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ื—ื’ โ€“ ื•ืฉื‘ื™ืจืช ื”ืœื•ื—ื•ืช
ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ืชื ื—ื•ืžื (ื•ืจืฉื, ื›ื™ ืชืฉื, ื›ื‘) ืžืจื•ืžื– ืฉื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœืžืฉื” ื‘ื”ืจ: "ืœึถืšึฐ ืจึตื“ ื›ึผึดื™ ืฉืึดื—ึตืช ืขึทืžึผึฐืšึธ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื”ึถืขึฑืœึตื™ืชึธ ืžึตืึถืจึถืฅ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึธื™ึดื" ืžืจื•ืžื–ืช ื‘ืงืฉื” ืžืžืฉื” ืœืจื“ืช ืžืžื“ืจื’ืชื• ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืฉืžืงื˜ืจื’ืช ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ: "ืœึถืšึฐ ืจึตื“... ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฉืขื” ื ืชื ื“ื” ืžืฉื” ืžืคื™ ื‘"ื“ ืฉืœ ืžืขืœื”". ืžืฉื” ื ืขื ื” ื•ื™ืจื“ ื‘ืžืงืฆืช, ื•ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ื”ื•ื ื ืฉืืจ ื‘ืžื“ืจื’ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื•ืœืคื™ื” ืขืžืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ืฉื ื“ืจืฉืช ืžื›ืœ ืื“ื ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ืกืœื—ื ื•ืช ื’ื ืขืœ ืืœื• ืฉืœื ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ืœืžื“ืจื’ื” ื–ื• ื•ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืืช ื”' ื›ืžื• ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉืœ 'ืขื’ื•ืœื™ื'. ืžืฉื” ื”ืชื—ื ืŸ ืœืงื‘"ื” ืฉื™ืกืœื— ืœื”ื, ื•ื”' ื ืขืชืจ ืœื• ื•ืกืœื— ืœื”ื. ืื•ืœื ืžืฉื” ืจืื” ื‘ื”ืงืžืช ืžืœืš ื•ืฆื‘ื ื•ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื“ืฉ ื“ืจืš ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”' ืจืง ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœ 'ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“', ื•ืขืœ ื“ืขืช ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืจืฆื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื ืืช ื”ืœื•ื—ื•ืช. ืืš ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืงืจื‘ ืœืžื—ื ื” ื•ืจืื” ืฉื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื™ื ื ืžืฆื˜ืขืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ืจื™ื“ืชื ืžืžืขืœืชื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ืืœื ืื“ืจื‘ื ื”ื ืฉืžื—ื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื ืฉื”ื ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืงื• ื”'ืขื’ื•ืœ' (=ืขื’ืœ), ื•ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื 'ื—ื’' ื•'ืžื—ื•ืœื•ืช' โ€“ ื”ื•ื ืฉื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืœื•ื—ื•ืช.

ื•ึผื‘ึฐื™ื•ึนื ืคึผึธืงึฐื“ึดื™ ื•ึผืคึธืงึทื“ึฐืชึผึดื™
ืžืฉื” ืงืจื ืœื‘ื ื™ ืœื•ื™ ื•ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืžื”ื ืœื”ืจื•ื’ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื˜ืื™ื. ื‘ืžืืžืจ "ืจืฉ"ื™ - ื•ื”ืคืกื•ืง ืฉืœื ืงื™ื™ื" ื”ืชื‘ืืจ ืฉืžื“ืจืฉื™ ื—ื–"ืœ ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืจืžื–ื™ื ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘'ื”ืจื™ื’ื”' ืกืžืœื™ืช, ืฉื ื•ืขื“ื” ืœ'ื”ื’ื ื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช'! ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื• ืœืืœื• ืฉืจืฆื• ืœืขืžื•ืœ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” ื›ืžื• ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืœ'ื—ื™ื™ื' - ืื ืฉื™ื 'ื”ืจื•ื’ื™ื'. ื”ื ื—ืฉื• ื›ืœืคื™ื”ื ื’ื ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ืคื˜ืจื•ื ื•ืช, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ื ืžืคืจื ืกื™ื ืื•ืชื ื•ื ืœื—ืžื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจื ื‘ืฆื‘ื. ืžืฉื” ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉื”ืœื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืืžืฆื• ื”ืฉืงืคืช ืขื•ืœื ื–ื• ื•ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžืกืคื™ืง 'ืชื•ืคืฉื™ ืชื•ืจื”' ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ; ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืจื” ืœืœื•ื•ื™ื ืœื”ืชื’ื•ื ืŸ, ื•ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ื›ืžื• ืœืื ืฉื™ื 'ื”ืจื•ื’ื™ื' - ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืœืืœื• ืฉืœื ืจืฆื• ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื! 5
ืžืฉื” ืฉื‘ ื•ื”ืชืคืœืœ ืชืคื™ืœื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืœื”', ืฉื™ืกืœื— ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืœ ื”'ื—ื’' ื•ื”'ืžื—ื•ืœื•ืช' ืฉืขืฉื• ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”' ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœ 'ืขื’ื•ืœื™ื', ื•ื”' ื ืขื ื” ืœื• ื•ืืžืจ (ืฉืžื•ืช ืœื‘, ืœื“-ืœื”): "ื”ึดื ึผึตื” ืžึทืœึฐืึธื›ึดื™ ื™ึตืœึตืšึฐ ืœึฐืคึธื ึถื™ืšึธ ื•ึผื‘ึฐื™ื•ึนื ืคึผึธืงึฐื“ึดื™ ื•ึผืคึธืงึทื“ึฐืชึผึดื™ ืขึฒืœึตื”ึถื ื—ึทื˜ึผึธืืชึธื: ื•ึทื™ึผึดื’ึผึนืฃ ื”' ืึถืชึพื”ึธืขึธื ืขึทืœ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืขึธืฉื‚ื•ึผ ืึถืชึพื”ึธืขึตื’ึถืœ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืขึธืฉื‚ึธื” ืึทื”ึฒืจึนืŸ:". ืจืฉ"ื™ (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื“, ืœื’) ื•ืื‘ืจื‘ื ืืœ (ืฉืžื•ืช ืœื‘) ื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉื”ืขื•ื ืฉ ืขืœ ื—ื˜ื ื”ืขื’ืœ ื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื›ืฉื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ืขื ืฉื• ืขืœ ื—ื˜ื ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื, ื•ื ื’ื–ืจ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœืžื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื•ืœื ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืืจืฅ.

ืขื•ื ืฉ ื–ื” ืขืœ ื—ื˜ื ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ื ืฉ ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ืกื›ืžืช ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœื‘ืงืฉืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืคื—ื“ื• ืœื›ื‘ื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื” ื•ื‘ื™ืงืฉื• ืฉืคืงื•ื“ื™ ื”ืฆื‘ื ื™ืžื•ืชื• ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื•ืœื ื™ืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœื”ืœื—ื, ื•ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื ืขื ื” ืœื‘ืงืฉืชื (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ, ื›ื—-ื›ื˜): "ื›ึผึทืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื“ึผึดื‘ึผึทืจึฐืชึผึถื ื‘ึผึฐืึธื–ึฐื ึธื™ ื›ึผึตืŸ ืึถืขึฑืฉื‚ึถื” ืœึธื›ึถื: ื‘ึผึทืžึผึดื“ึฐื‘ึผึธืจ ื”ึทื–ึผึถื” ื™ึดืคึผึฐืœื•ึผ ืคึดื’ึฐืจึตื™ื›ึถื ื•ึฐื›ึธืœึพืคึผึฐืงึปื“ึตื™ื›ึถื...". ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ืฉืชืœืฉืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื˜ื ื”'ืขื’ืœ', ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืขื“ื™ืคื• ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ื”'ื˜ื‘ืข' (ื”ืงื• ื”'ืขื’ื•ืœ'), ืืœื ืฉืœืคื™ ื”'ื˜ื‘ืข' 'ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืขื‘ื“ื™ื' ืื™ื ื• ืžืชืื™ื ืœื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืืจืฅ ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื”, ื•ืจืง ื‘ื ื™ื”ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืขืœื™ 'ื˜ื‘ืข' ืžืชืื™ื, ื•ื›ืขื™ืŸ ื›ืš ืžืฉืžืข ื‘ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ืžื•ืจื” ื”ื ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื (ื’, ืœื‘).
"ื›ื™ ื›ืžื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืื“ื ืฉื™ื’ื“ืœ ืขืœ ืžืœืื›ืช ืขื‘ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื—ืžืจ ื•ื‘ืœื‘ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื”ื ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืŸ ื™ืจื—ืฅ ื™ื“ื™ื• ืœืฉืขืชื• ืžืœื›ืœื•ื›ื ื•ื™ืœื—ื ืขื ื™ืœื™ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ืง ืคืชืื•ื... ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžื—ื›ืžืช ื”ืฉื ืœื”ืกื‘ ืื•ืชื ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขื“ ืฉื™ืœืžื“ื• ื’ื‘ื•ืจื”... ื•ื ื•ืœื“ื• ื’ื ื›ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื• ื‘ืฉืคืœื•ืช ื•ื‘ืขื‘ื“ื•ืช"

ื‘ืœื™ืœ ื˜' ื‘ืื‘, ื›ืฉื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ืฉื‘ื• ืœืžื—ื ื” ื•ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืคื—ื“ื• ืžื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื•ื‘ื›ื•, ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉื”ืฉืžื—ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™"ื– ื‘ืชืžื•ื– - ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉืงื‘ืข ืื”ืจื•ืŸ ื—ึทื’ ืœึทื”' - ื”ื™ืชื” ืงื•ื“ื ื–ืžื ื”. ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉื™ืฆื ืžืžืฆืจื™ื, ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื‘ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ื”'ื˜ื‘ืข' ื”ื™ื 'ื™ื•ื ืขืฆื•ื‘', ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื—"ื• ืืช ื”ื—ืœืคืชื ื‘ื“ื•ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ, ื•ื›ืš ืื›ืŸ ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ืœื”ื ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื‘ื˜' ื‘ืื‘ ื›ืฉื ื’ื–ืจ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœืžื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ.

ื”'ืœื‘ื ื”' ื›ืกืžืœ ืœ'ืžืœื›ื•ืช' ื™ืฉืจืืœ โ€“ ื•ื™ื•ื ื˜"ื• ื‘ืื‘ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ
ื”ื•ืคืขืช ื”'ืœื‘ื ื”' ื‘ืฉืœืžื•ืชื” ื‘ืชื•ืจ 'ืขื™ื’ื•ืœ ืฉืœื' ืžืฉืžืฉืช ื›ืกืžืœ ืœ'ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ' ื‘ืžื“ืจื’ืชื” ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฆืื ื• ื‘ืฉืžื•ืช ืจื‘ื” (ื•ื™ืœื ื, ื‘ื ื˜ื•): "ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื ืฉืœืžื” ื ืชืžืœื ื“ื™ืกืงื•ืก ืฉืœ ืœื‘ื ื” ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื ื›ื˜ ื›ื’) โ€“ 'ื•ึทื™ึผึตืฉืึถื‘ ืฉืึฐืœึนืžึนื” ืขึทืœึพื›ึผึดืกึผึตื ื”' ืœึฐืžึถืœึถืšึฐ' "; ื•ื›ืขื™ืŸ ื›ืš ืžืชื•ืืจ ื’ื ื‘ื–ื•ื”ืจ (ื•ื™ื—ื™ ื“ืฃ ืจื™ื, ื‘).

ื›ื–ื›ื•ืจ, ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ืžืชืจื‘ื” ื‘ื”ื ื‘ื˜' ื‘ืื‘, ืืš ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืคืกืง, ื•ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื›ืš ืื•ืช - ืฉื—ืจื•ืŸ ืืคื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืกืจ ืžื”ื. ื•ืื›ืŸ ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืืžืจ ืœืขื™ืœ, ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื—ืœื•ืฃ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืœื™ืœื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืœืžื™ ืฉื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ืœื‘ื ื” ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื—ืœืฃ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืœื™ืฉ ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉ, ื•ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉื—ืœืฃ ื”ืชืืจื™ืš ืฉืœ ื˜' ื‘ืื‘. ืืš ืืข"ืค ื›ืŸ ื”ืขื“ื™ืคื• ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื—ื’ื•ื’ ืืช 'ื—ื’ ื”ืกืจืช ื—ืจื•ืŸ ื”ืืฃ' ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืฉืื– ื ืชืžืœื "ื“ื™ืกืงื•ืก ืฉืœ ืœื‘ื ื”". ื”'ืขื’ื•ืœ ื”ืžืœื' ืฉืœ ื”ืœื‘ื ื” ืกื™ืžืœ ืืช ืฉืžื—ืชื ื‘ื”ืกื›ืžืช ื”' ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจืชื ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœ 'ื”ืงื• ื”ืขื’ื•ืœ'; ื•ืžืื•ืชื” ื”ืฉื ื” ื ืงื‘ืข ื™ื•ื ื˜"ื• ื‘ืื‘ ื›ื™ื•ื ื—ึทื’ ืœึทื”' ืขืœ ื”ืกื›ืžื” ื–ื•. ืืš ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื—ื’ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉื ืงื‘ืข ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ื’ื•ื’ ื”ืกื›ืžื” ื–ื•, ื•ื›ื“ืœืงืžืŸ.

ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ื›ืคื•ืจ โ€“ ื™ื•ื ืžืชืŸ ื”ืœื•ื—ื•ืช-ื”ืฉื ื™ื•ืช
ื›ื–ื›ื•ืจ ื”' ืกืœื— ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืœ ื—ื˜ื ื”'ืขื’ืœ' ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื” ื‘ื”ืจ, ื•ื”ื•ื ื ืชืŸ ืœื• ืืช ืœื•ื—ื•ืช-ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืื ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืืœื ืฉืจืื™ื™ืช ื”'ืžื—ื•ืœื•ืช' ื‘ืฉืžื—ืช ื”'ืขื’ืœ' ืฉื‘ืจื” ืืช ืœื‘ ืžืฉื” ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืœื•ื—ื•ืช. ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืžืฉื” ืขืœื” ื•ื”ืชืคืœืœ ืœื”' ืฉื™ืกืœื— ืœื”ื ื’ื ืขืœ ื›ืš, ืขืœ ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื•ื”ืžื—ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจืชื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”' ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉืœ ื”ืงื• ื”ืขื’ื•ืœ (='ืขื’ืœ') - ื•ืฉืืข"ืค ื›ืŸ ื”ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืœื•ื—ื•ืช-ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช. ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื ืขื ื” ื’ื ืœื‘ืงืฉื” ื–ื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื”, ื•ืžืฉื” ื™ืจื“ ื‘ืฉื ื™ืช ืขื ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ื™' ื‘ืชืฉืจื™, ื‘ื™ื•ื ื›ืคื•ืจ. ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื• ืฉืคื™ืจืฉื• ืืช ืžืกื™ืจืช ืœื•ื—ื•ืช-ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ืฉื ื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ื–ื”, ื›'ืื•ืช' ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ื”ืกื›ื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ืขื ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจืชื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”' ื‘ืžื“ืจื’ื” ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื–ื• ืฉืœ 'ื”ืงื• ื”ืขื’ื•ืœ'; ื•ืžืื– ื”ื ืจืื• ืืช ื™ื•ื ื›ืคื•ืจ ื›ื™ื•ื ืฉืžื—ื” ืขืœ ื”ืกื›ืžืช ื”' ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจืชื. ื•ื‘ืฉื ืช ื”ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืœื ื”ืชืจื‘ื” ื‘ื”ื ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ื˜' ื‘ืื‘, ื•ื”ื ื”ืžืชื™ื ื• ืขื ืฉืžื—ืชื ืขื“ ืžื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ืœื‘ื ื” ื‘ื˜"ื• ื‘ืื‘, ื ืงื‘ืขื• ื”ืŸ ื™ื•ื ื›ืคื•ืจ ื•ื”ืŸ ื˜"ื• ื‘ืื‘ ื›ื™ืžื™ ืฉืžื—ื” ืขืœ ื”ืกื›ืžืช ื”' ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจืชื ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ('ื”ืงื• ื”ืขื’ื•ืœ'='ืขื’ืœ').
ื•ื ืžืฆื, ืฉืื”ืจื•ืŸ ืกื‘ืจ ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ืฉืžื— ื’ื ืื ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ืขื‘ื“ื• ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ('ื”ืงื• ื”ืขื’ื•ืœ'='ืขื’ืœ'), ื•ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ื”ื•ื ืงื‘ืข ื—ึทื’ ืœึทื”' ืขืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื–ื• ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™"ื– ื‘ืชืžื•ื–. ืืœื ืฉื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื“ื—ื” ื™ื•ื ื”ื—ื’ ื•ื”ืชืคืฆืœ ืœืฉื ื™ ื™ืžื™ ืฉืžื—ื” ื‘ื™' ื‘ืชืฉืจื™ ื•ื‘ื˜"ื• ื‘ืื‘.

ื”ืžื—ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ื›ืจืžื™ ืฉื™ืœื•
ื—ึทื’ ื”' ื•ื‘ื• 'ืžื—ื•ืœื•ืช' ืžื•ื–ื›ืจ ื’ื ื‘ืžืื•ืจืขื•ืช ืคื™ืœื’ืฉ-ื‘ื’ื‘ืขื” ืฉื‘ืกืคืจ ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื (ื›ื, ื™ื˜-ื›ื): "ื•ึทื™ึผึนืืžึฐืจื•ึผ ื”ึดื ึผึตื” ื—ึทื’ ื”' ื‘ึผึฐืฉืึดืœื•ึน ืžึดื™ึผึธืžึดื™ื ื™ึธืžึดื™ืžึธื”... ื•ึฐื”ึดื ึผึตื” ืึดื ื™ึตืฆึฐืื•ึผ ื‘ึฐื ื•ึนืช ืฉืึดื™ืœื•ึน ืœึธื—ื•ึผืœ ื‘ึผึทืžึผึฐื—ึนืœื•ึนืช ื•ึดื™ืฆึธืืชึถื ืžึดืŸ ื”ึทื›ึผึฐืจึธืžึดื™ื...". ื‘ืชื ื ื“ื‘ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ืžื•ื‘ืืช ืžืกื•ืจืช 6 ืฉืืจื•ืขื™ ืคื™ืœื’ืฉ-ื‘ื’ื‘ืขื” ืื™ื ื ื›ืคืฉื•ื˜ื, ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื ืืžืจ ื‘ื”ื ืฉื”ื ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื• ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืœืš ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ - ื”ื ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื• ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื”ื™ืื—ื–ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืืจืฆื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืชื•ืงืฃ ืฉืœ ืžืœืš. ื‘ืžืืžืจ "ืจืฉ"ื™ - ื•ื”ืคืกื•ืง ืฉืœื ืงื™ื™ื" ื”ื•ื‘ื ืฉืจืฉ"ื™ ื•ืจ' ืื‘ืจื”ื ื‘ืŸ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืžืจืžื–ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืžืื•ืจืขื•ืช ืืœื• ื—ื–ืจื” ืกืžืœื™ืช ืขืœ ืžืื•ืจืขื•ืช ื—ื˜ื-ื”ืขื’ืœ. ื•ื”ืชื‘ืืจ ืฉืžืขืฉื™ ืคืกืœ-ืžื™ื›ื” ื•ืคื™ืœื’ืฉ-ื‘ื’ื‘ืขื” ื ื›ืชื‘ื• ื‘ืจื•ื— ื ื‘ื•ืื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืขืชื ื™ืืœ ืฉื ืงืจื ื’ื ื‘ืฉื "ื™ืขื‘ืฅ" ื•ื‘ืฉื "ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”", ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ืขืจืš ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืช ืกืคืจ ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืœื‘ ื‘ื• ื›ืžื” ืคืจืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ื• ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืขืชื ื™ืืœ. ืขืชื ื™ืืœ ื”ืงื™ื ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืฉื ืงื‘ืฆื• ืืœื™ื” ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืžื›ืœ ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื, ื•ืœืื• ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืžืฉื‘ื˜ ืœื•ื™, ื•ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื ืš ืื•ืชื ืฉื”ื 'ืœื•ื™ื™ื ืžืกื•ื’ ื—ื“ืฉ'; ื•ื”ื 'ืฆืืฆืื™ื ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืฉื”' ื•ื”ื ืื™ื ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชื’ื™ื™ืก ืœืฆื‘ื ืฉืœ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืชื•ืจืชื ื•ืชืคื™ืœืชื ืžื•ืขื™ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืจื›ื‘ ื•ืคืจืฉื™ื 7 .

ื•ื‘ืžืืžืจ "ืืฉืช ืฉืื•ืœ ื•ื”ืžื—ื•ืœืœื•ืช" ื”ืชื‘ืืจ ืฉื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื”ื™ืื—ื–ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืืจืฆื ืฉื‘ื˜ ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื”ืชืžืกืจื• ืžืื•ื“ ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ืฆื‘ื ื•ื”ืžืœื•ื›ื” ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื’ื‘ืขื” 8 , ื•ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื”ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืขืชื ื™ืืœ ืฉื”ืชืžืกืจื• ืœืขืžืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื—ื™ื ืš ืขืชื ื™ืืœ ืืช ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื• ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืขืฆืžื ื‘ืชื•ืจ 'ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ (ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื)' ื•ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืฉื‘ื˜ ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืจ 'ื”ืจื•ื’ื™ื'; ื•ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื ืš ืืช ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื• ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื’ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืชืžืกืจื™ื ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ืฆื‘ื ื›ืžื• 'ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ'. ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ืขืชื ื™ืืœ ืžืจื•ืžื– ืฉื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืžื•ืœื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ืžืขืฉื™ื”ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ืงืจืื•ืช 'ื ืฉื™ื', ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ 'ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื' ืœื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืืœื• ื•'ืžื•ืœื™ื“ื™ื' ืžืขืฉื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื. ื•ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ืขืชื ื™ืืœ ืขืžืœื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžื—ืฉื™ื‘ื™ื ืขืฆืžื ืœืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืžืกื•ื’ ื', ืฉืžื•ืœื™ื“ื™ื ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื”ื ืœ'ื ืฉื™ื ืžืกื•ื’ ื', ืืœื ืฉื”ื ืื™ื ื ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืฉ'ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ' (='ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืฆื‘ื') 'ื™ืชื—ืชื ื•' ืขื™ืžืŸ. ืžืื™ื“ืš, ื”ื ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœื”ืชืคืฉืจ ื•ืœื”ืกื›ื™ื ืฉ'ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ' ื™ืงื—ื• ืœ'ื ืฉื™ื' ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ื—ืฉื‘ื• ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื”ื ืœื ื—ื•ืชื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื›'ื ืฉื™ื ืžืกื•ื’ ื‘'.
ืœืคื™ ืจืื™ื™ืช ืขืชื ื™ืืœ, 'ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช' (='ื ืฉื™ื') ืžืกื•ื’ ื‘' ื ื•ืœื“ื•ืช ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืฉืžื—ื™ื ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ืช 'ืžืžืœื›ืช ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื' ืฉืื”ืจื•ืŸ ื”ืกื›ื™ื ืœื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ('ื”ืงื• ื”ืขื’ื•ืœ'). ืื ืฉื™ื ืืœื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืืช ื”' ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื ืžืชืคืจื ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืฉืจ ืžื™ื’ื™ืข ื›ืคื™ื”ื ื•ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื™ื•ื-ื™ื•ื ื‘ืœ"ื˜ ืžืœืื›ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ, ืื• ืฉื”ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉื›ืŸ ืขืฆืžื• ื›ืžื• ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื•ื›ื“ื•'. ืื•ืœื ืขืžืœื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžื—ืฉื™ื‘ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืžื“ืจื’ื” ื ืžื•ื›ื” ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ืžืกื›ื™ื ืœื” ืจืง ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“, ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฉืžืข ื‘ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ืžื•ืจื” ื”ื ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื (ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ื”ืขืจืช ื”ืฉื•ืœื™ื 9 ). ื•ืœื›ืŸ 'ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช' ืฉื ื•ืœื“ื•ืช ืžืื ืฉื™ื ืืœื• ืฉืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืžืฉื›ืŸ ืฉื™ืœื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ื• ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ืขืชื ื™ืืœ ื•ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื• ื›'ื ืฉื™ื' ืžืกื•ื’ ื‘'.

ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืžืฉื›ืŸ ืฉืึดืœึนื” โ€“ ื•ืžื”ื• ื—ึทื’ ื”' ื‘ึผึฐืฉืึดืœื•ึน
ื‘ืกืคืจ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืฉืึดืœึนื” ื”ื™ื ืžืงื•ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื ืžืฆื. ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืชื›ื ืกื™ื ืฉื ื•ืžืงื™ืžื™ื ืžืฉื›ืŸ-ืงื‘ืข, ื•ืฉื ืžื—ืœืงื™ื ืืช ื”ื ื—ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื. ื’ื ื‘ืกืคืจ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืฉืึดืœึนื” ื”ื™ื ืžืงื•ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืฉืขื•ืœื™ื ืืœื™ื• ืœืจื’ืœ, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื ืžืฆื. ืื•ืœื ื‘ืžืื•ืจืขื•ืช ืคื™ืœื’ืฉ-ื‘ื’ื‘ืขื” ืฉืึดืœึนื” ืžื•ื–ื›ืจืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืชืžื•ื”, ื›ืžืงื•ื ื ื™ื“ื— ื•ื‘ืœืชื™ ื™ื“ื•ืข ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ ืžืงื•ื ืžืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื•ืฆืื• (ืฉื, ื™ื˜): "ื•ึทื™ึผึนืืžึฐืจื•ึผ ื”ึดื ึผึตื” ื—ึทื’ ื”' ื‘ึผึฐืฉืึดืœื•ึน ืžึดื™ึผึธืžึดื™ื ื™ึธืžึดื™ืžึธื” ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืžึดืฆึผึฐืคื•ึนื ึธื” ืœึฐื‘ึตื™ืชึพืึตืœ ืžึดื–ึฐืจึฐื—ึธื” ื”ึทืฉึผืึถืžึถืฉื ืœึดืžึฐืกึดืœึผึธื” ื”ึธืขึนืœึธื” ืžึดื‘ึผึตื™ืชึพืึตืœ ืฉืึฐื›ึถืžึธื” ื•ึผืžึดื ึผึถื’ึถื‘ ืœึดืœึฐื‘ื•ึนื ึธื”". ื”ืจื“"ืง ื”ืชืงืฉื” ื•ื›ืชื‘: "ื•ืื ื™ ืชืžื” ืžื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื›ืœ ื–ื” ื›ื™ ืฉื™ืœื” ื™ื“ื•ืข ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืœื ืกื™ืžื ื™ืŸ" 10 . ืืžื ื ืœืคื™ ืžื” ืฉื”ืชื‘ืืจ, ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืคืจืฉื™ื™ื”, ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืขืชื ื™ืืœ, ืœืžืขื˜ ื‘ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ ืฉื‘ืฉืึดืœึนื” ืœืขื•ืžืช ืขืžืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืฉืึดืœึนื” ืžืชื•ืืจืช ื›ืžืงื•ื ื ื™ื“ื— ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ ืžืงื•ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื•ืฆืื•.
ื›ื–ื›ื•ืจ, ืชื ื ื“ื‘ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื’ื™ืœื” ืฉืžืื•ืจืขื•ืช ืคื™ืœื’ืฉ-ื‘ื’ื‘ืขื” ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื• ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื™ืื—ื–ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืืจืฆื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืชื•ืงืฃ ืฉืœ ืžืœืš. ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืจืื” ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”' ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช (='ื”ืงื• ื”ืขื’ื•ืœ') ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœ 'ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”'; ื•ื”ื•ื ืคืขืœ ื‘ืžืœื•ื ื”ืชื•ืงืฃ ืœื”ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ ื‘ืฉืึดืœึนื” ื•ืœื‘ืกืก ืืช ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื•ืชื•; ืืš ืขืชื ื™ืืœ ื—ืœืง ืขืœ ื”ืฉืงืคืชื•, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืชืืจ ืืช ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืกืžืœื™ ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื•ื 'ืžืช' ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžืœืš ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืืช ืžืงื•ื ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ ืฉื‘ืฉื™ืœื” โ€“ ื›ืžืงื•ื ื ื™ื“ื—. ื”ืชื™ืื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืฉืึดืœึนื” ื›ืžืงื•ื ื˜ืคืœ ื•ื ื™ื“ื— ืžืจืžื– ืฉื”ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช (='ื‘ื ื•ืช') ืฉืžื•ืœื™ื“ื™ื ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืžืฉื›ืŸ ืฉื™ืœื” - ื”ืŸ 'ื ืฉื™ื ืžืกื•ื’ ื‘'. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืขืชื ื™ืืœ ื•ืขืžืœื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืกื›ื™ืžื• ืฉ'ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ' ('ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืฆื‘ื') ื™ื—ื˜ืคื• ืœื”ื 'ื ืฉื™ื' (=ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช) ืžืกื•ื’ ื ื—ื•ืช ื–ื”.

ื”ืคืจืฉื™ื” ืžืคืจื˜ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืชืžื•ื” ืืช ืžืงื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืœื”, ืืš ื‘ืžื”ื•ืช ื—ึทื’ ื”' ื”ื™ื ื ื•ืงื˜ืช ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ, ื•ื›ืื™ืœื• ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื—ื’ ื™ื“ื•ืข ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืคืจื˜ ืืช ืžื”ื•ืชื•. ื–ืืช ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ืคืจืฉื™ื” ืกื•ืžื›ืช ืขืฆืžื” ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉื ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืฉื—ึทื’ ื”' ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉืงื‘ืขื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื—ื•ื’ ืืช ื”ืกื›ืžืช ื”' ืขื ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœ 'ื”ืงื• ื”ืขื’ื•ืœ'. ื“ื•ืจ ื‘ืื™ ื”ืืจืฅ ื™ื“ืข ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืงื‘ืข ืื”ืจื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื–ื” ืœื™ื•ื ื™"ื– ื‘ืชืžื•ื– ืืš ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื“ื—ื” ื™ื•ื ื”ื—ื’, ื•ื”ืชืคืฆืœ ืœืฉื ื™ ื™ืžื™ ื—ื’, ื”ืื—ื“ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื›ืคื•ืจ ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื˜"ื• ื‘ืื‘; ื•ื“ื•ืจ ื‘ืื™ ื”ืืจืฅ, ืฉื‘ื™ืžื™ื• ื ื›ืชื‘ื” ืคืจืฉื™ื” ื–ื•, ื™ื“ืข ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื•.

ืžื“ื•ืข ืœื ื™ืฆืื• ื‘ืช ื ืฉื™ื-ื”ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ื•ื‘ืช ืื‘-ื‘ื™ืช-ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืœืžื—ื•ืœื•ืช
ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ืชืขื ื™ืช ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื” ืืช ื‘ื ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื”ื“ื•ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื• ื™ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืœื—ื•ืœืœ ื‘ื›ืจืžื™ื, ื•ืฉื”ื™ื• ืฉื•ืืœื•ืช ืœืฉื ื›ืš ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ืœื‘ืŸ ืžื—ื‘ืจื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ (ืชืขื ื™ืช ื“ืฃ ืœื, ื): "ืชื ื• ืจื‘ื ืŸ: ื‘ืช ืžืœืš ืฉื•ืืœืช ืžื‘ืช ื›ื”ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื‘ืช ื›ื”ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื‘ืช ืกื’ืŸ, ื•ื‘ืช ืกื’ืŸ ืžื‘ืช ืžืฉื•ื— ืžืœื—ืžื”, ื•ื‘ืช ืžืฉื•ื— ืžืœื—ืžื” ืžื‘ืช ื›ื”ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ื•ื˜, ื•ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื•ืืœื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžื–ื”". ื•ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืชืžื•ื” ืฉื”ืจื™ ื‘ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ื—ื’ื™ื’ื” (ื“ืฃ ื˜ื–, ื) ืžื•ื–ื›ืจื™ื ื–ื•ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื—ื™ื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ื™ื” ืงื™ื™ื, ืฉืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื”ื™ื” ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ืื‘-ื‘ื™ืช-ื“ื™ืŸ. ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ืžืชืขืœืžืช ืžื‘ืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื•ืžื‘ืช ืื‘-ื‘ื™ืช-ื”ื“ื™ืŸ?!
ืืžื ื ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ืชื‘ืืจ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืžืืžืจ, ืงืฉื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื—ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืžืชื•ืืจื™ื ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ื›ืคืฉื•ื˜ื, ื”ืŸ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืœื ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืœื—ื•ืœืœ ื‘ื›ืจืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฆื•ื ื‘ืœื ืœืกื›ืŸ ืืช ื”ื ืคืฉ, ื•ื”ืŸ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืžื›ื‘ื“ืช ืืช ืขืฆืžื” ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื—ื•ืœืœืช ื•ืงื•ืจืืช ื‘ืงื•ืœ ืืช ืฉื‘ื—ื™ื” ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืฆื•ืคื™ื ื‘ื”. ืชื™ืื•ืจ ืžื—ื•ืœื•ืช ื”'ื‘ื ื•ืช' ื‘ื›ืจืžื™ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืฉื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–"ืœ - ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืขืœ ืชื™ืื•ืจ ืžื—ื•ืœื•ืช ื”'ื‘ื ื•ืช' ื‘ื›ืจืžื™ ืฉื™ืœื” ืฉื‘ืคืจืฉื™ื™ืช ืคื™ืœื’ืฉ-ื‘ื’ื‘ืขื”. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื—ื•ืœ ืกืžืœื™ ืฉืœ 'ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช' (='ื‘ื ื•ืช') ืฉื ื•ืœื“ื•ืช ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืฉืžื—ื™ื ื‘ื”ืงืžืช ืžืœืš ื•ืฆื‘ื ื•ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืžืงื“ืฉ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžื•ื–ื›ืจื•ืช ืฉื ื‘ืช-ืžืœืš ื•ื‘ืช-ื›ื”ืŸ-ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื›ื“ื•'. 'ื‘ื ื•ืช' (='ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช') ืืœื• ืจื•ืฆื•ืช ืฉืื“ื ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ 'ื™ืชื—ืชืŸ' ืขื™ืžื, ื•ื™ื•ืœื™ื“ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืชืŸ 'ืžืขืฉื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื' ื ื•ืกืคื™ื. ืืš ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ืขืžืœื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” 'ื‘ื ื•ืช' (=ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช) ืืœื• ื ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืœ'ื‘ื ื•ืช' ืžืกื•ื’ ื‘', ื•ืขืžืœื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืื™ื ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื”ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ('ื‘ื ื•ืช') ืฉื ื•ืœื“ื•ืช ืžืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืœื”ื ืชื—ื•ืœืœื ื” ื™ื—ื“ ืขื™ืžืŸ; ื•ืœื›ืŸ 'ื‘ืช-ื ืฉื™ื-ื”ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ' ื•'ื‘ืช ืื‘-ื‘ื™ืช-ื”ื“ื™ืŸ' ืื™ื ืŸ ืžื•ื–ื›ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื—ื•ืœืœื•ืช.

ืœืคื™ ืžื” ืฉื”ืชื‘ืืจ, ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžื“ื•ืข ื ืืžืจ ื‘ืžืฉื ื” (ืชืขื ื™ืช ื“ืฃ ื›ื•, ื‘): "ื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื•ื—ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ื›ืจืžื™ื", ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื ืืžืจ (ืฉื, ื“ืฃ ืœื, ื; ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™, ืฉื ืค"ื“ ื”"ื–): "ื‘ื ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื•ื—ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ื›ืจืžื™ื". ื•ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืขืฆืžื•, ื”ืื ื“ื•ื•ืงื 'ื‘ื ื•ืช ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื' ื”ื™ื• ืžื—ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ื›ืจืžื™ื, ืื• ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืขื™ืจ ื•ื›ืคืจ 'ื‘ื ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ' ื™ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื•ืžื—ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ื›ืจืžื™ื. ืืžื ื, ืœืคื™ ืžื” ืฉื”ืชื‘ืืจ ืœื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘'ื‘ื ื•ืช' ืžืžืฉ, ืืœื ื‘'ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช' ืฉื ืžืฉืœื• ืœ'ื‘ื ื•ืช', ืฉืื•ืชืŸ ืžื•ืœื™ื“ื™ื ืจื•ื‘ ืื ืฉื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืขืžืœ ืœ"ื˜ ื”ืžืœืื›ื•ืช ื•ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื•ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ. ื‘ืกืคืจ ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื, ื‘ืขืช ืฉื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืœื”, ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืืœื• ืžื™ื•ื—ืกื•ืช ืœืžืฉื›ืŸ ืฉื™ืœื” ื•ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ "ื‘ื ื•ืช ืฉื™ืœื”"; ืืš ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื ืงื‘ืขื” ืœื ืฆื— ื›ืžืงื•ื ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืืœื• ืฉืœ ืจื•ื‘ ืื ืฉื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื™ื•ื—ืกื•ืช ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื•ืžื“ื‘ืจืช ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืขืœ "ื‘ื ื•ืช ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื".

ื•ึผืœึฐืฉื‚ึดืžึฐื—ึธื” ืžึทื”ึพื–ึผึนื” ืขึนืฉื‚ึธื”?
ืœืคื™ ืžื” ืฉื”ืชื‘ืืจ ื‘ืžืืžืจ, ื”ืงืžืช ืžืœืš ื•ืฆื‘ื ืžืื•ืจื’ืŸ ื•ื”ืงืžืช ืžืงื“ืฉ ื•ื‘ื• ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช, ื”ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”' ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœ 'ื”ืงื• ื”ืขื’ื•ืœ', ื•ื”ืŸ ื ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื›ื ื—ื•ืชื•ืช ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืขืžืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืฉืžื™ื•ื—ืกื•ืช ืœ'ืงื• ื”ื™ืฉืจ'. ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ืœื ืจืื” ืžืงื•ื ืœืฉืžื—ื” ื‘ื”ืกื›ืžืช ื”' ืฉื™ืขื‘ื“ื• ืื•ืชื• ื’ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ื”, ื•ืืฃ ืคืจืฉื™ื™ืช ืคื™ืœื’ืฉ-ื‘ื’ื‘ืขื” ืžืจืžื–ืช ืฉื–ื• ืฉืžื—ื” ืžืกื•ื’ ื‘', ื•ืืฃ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ืžื•ืจื” ื”ื ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื ืžืฉืžืข ืฉื–ื” ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”' 'ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“' 11 . ืืš ืจื•ื‘ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื™ื ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ืœืžื“ืจื’ืช 'ื”ืงื• ื”ื™ืฉืจ', ื•ืขื‘ื•ืจื ื–ื• ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”' ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœ 'ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”', ื•ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื™ื˜ืช ืื”ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืžืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”. ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืชืจืฆื” ืžืฉื”, ื•ื”ืชืจืฆื” ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœืžืฉื” ื•ื”ืกื›ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืฉื™ื˜ืช ืื”ืจื•ืŸ, ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ืžื•ื ื” ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื›ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ืงืžืช ื”ืžืœืš ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืืช ื”ืงืžืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื•ืฉืืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื”ื’ื•ืช ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื•.
ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืžืกื›ืช ืชืขื ื™ืช ืžืชืืจืช ืืช ื™ื•ื ื›ืคื•ืจ ื•ืืช ื˜"ื• ื‘ืื‘ ื›ื™ืžื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื• ื›ืžื•ืชื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื”ื™ื ืžื’ืœื” ืฉื–ื• ืฉืžื—ื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืืฃ ืฉืœ ืขืžืœื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื‘ื˜"ื• ื‘ืื‘ ื‘ืฉื ืช ื”ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื—ื’ื’ื• ืืช ื”ืกื›ืžืช ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืฉื™ืขื‘ื“ื• ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœ 'ื”ืงื• ื”ืขื’ื•ืœ', ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ืžื—ื” ื‘ื”ื ืืœื ื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœืฉืžื—ืชื, ื•ืื– - ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉืžื— ื‘ืฉืžื—ืชื - ื—ื–ืจ ืืœื™ื• ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื ื‘ื•ืื™ ื‘ืžื“ืจื’ืชื• ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” (ืขื™' ืชืขื ื™ืช ื“ืฃ ืœ, ื‘). ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืžืจืžื–ืช, ืฉื’ื ืขืžืœื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื“ืขืช ืขื ื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช, ื•ืœืฉืžื•ื— ื‘ืฉืžื—ืชื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืื– ื™ื–ื›ื• ืœืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช.
ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื”ืžืืžืจ ื ืžืฆืื ื• ืœืžื“ื™ื, ืฉืœืืžืชื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”'ื‘ื ื•ืช' ืฉืžื•ื–ื›ืจื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉื ื” ืžื•ืคื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช 'ืกืžืœื™ืช', ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื• 'ืžื—ื•ืœื•ืช' ืฉืœ 'ื‘ื ื•ืช' ืžืžืฉ, ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื—ืฉืฉ 'ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื ืคืฉ' ื‘ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืžื—ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฆื•ื ื›ืคื•ืจ ื•ื›ื•'. ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื–ื›ืจ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืžืืžืจ ืฉื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื“ื•ืžื” ื‘ื™ืืจ ื”'ืžื’ื™ื“ ืžืงื•ื–ื ื™ืฅ' (ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื˜"ื• ื‘ืื‘) ืืช ื”ืžืฉื ื” ื•ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื”. ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืžื‘ืืจื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืกืžืœื™ ื“ื•ืžื”, ืืš ืœืคื™ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื‘ืื• ื›ืืŸ ืžืชื•ืš ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื‘'ืžื•ืจื” ื”ื ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื'. ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉืžืฉื•ื ื›ืš ืœื ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืืช ื”'ื”ื”ืœื›ื•ืช' ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืžื—ื•ืœื•ืช ืืœื• ื›ืžื• ื”ื˜ื‘ืœืช ื›ืœื™ ื”ืœื‘ืŸ ื”ืฉืื•ืœื™ื ื•ื›ื•'.
ื•ื‘ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืกืžืœื™ืช ืฉืœ 'ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ื”ืœื‘ืŸ ื”ืฉืื•ืœื™ื' ื•ืฉืืจ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืžื•ื–ื›ืจื™ื ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื”, ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืžื‘ืืจื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื™ืืจื ื”'ืžื’ื™ื“ ืžืงื•ื–ื ื™ืฅ' (ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื˜"ื• ื‘ืื‘), ื•ืขื™' ืฉื.


^ 1.ื•ืขื™' ื’ื ื‘'ืชืคืืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ' (ื™ื›ื™ืŸ, ืชืขื ื™ืช, ืคืจืง ื“, ืกื’).
^ 2.ื•ืขื™' ืจ' ืฆื“ื•ืง ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืžืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืŸ (ืคืจื™ ืฆื“ื™ืง ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืขืฉืจ ื‘ืื‘): "ื•ื”ื ื” ืื™ืชื ื‘ื’ืžืจื ืฉืฉื” ื˜ืขืžื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื˜"ื• ื‘ืื‘ ื•ืžื›ืœ ื”ื˜ืขืžื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื ื˜ืขื ืžืกืคื™ืง ืฉืขื‘ื•ืจ ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื ืงื‘ืข ื‘ืชืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืœื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘".
^ 3."ืžื™ืžื™ื”ื ืœื ื—ื˜ืื• ื—ื˜ื ื’ืžื•ืจ ื•ืœื ืœืงื• ืžื›ื” ื’ืžื•ืจื”... ื›ืš ืืžืจ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืื ื™ ืžืฉื‘ื— ืืชื›ื ื‘' ืื–ื ื™ื›ื ' ืฉื ืืžืจ ( ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ื˜ื–, ื™ื‘) 'ื•ึธืึถืชึผึตืŸ ื ึถื–ึถื ืขึทืœ ืึทืคึผึตืšึฐ ื•ึทืขึฒื’ึดื™ืœึดื™ื ืขึทืœ ืึธื–ึฐื ึธื™ึดืšึฐ', ื•ืืช ืžื›ืขืกืช ืื•ืชื™ ื‘' ืื–ื ื™ื ' ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืฉืžื•ืช ืœื‘, ื’) 'ื•ึทื™ึผึดืชึฐืคึผึธืจึฐืงื•ึผ ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึธืขึธื ืึถืช ื ึดื–ึฐืžึตื™ ื”ึทื–ึผึธื”ึธื‘ [ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื‘ึผึฐืึธื–ึฐื ึตื™ื”ึถื]". (ื™ืœืงื•ื˜ ืฉืžืขื•ื ื™, ืชื•ืจื”, ืชืฉืœื‘).
^ 4.ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืกืคืจ ืžื‘ื•ื ืœื—ื›ืžืช ื”ืงื‘ืœื” ืžืืช ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื˜ื•ืœื™ื“ื ื• (ื—ืœืง ื, ืฉืขืจ ื’, ืคืจืง ื“): "...ื•ื‘ืœื™ืงื•ื˜ื™ื• ืฉื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืกืคื“"ืฆ, ืœ"ื— ื‘', ื‘ื™ืืจ ื”ื’ืจ"ื ื–"ืœ ืฉื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช ืืœื• ื”ื•ื ื›ื™ ืกืคื™ืจื•ืช ื“ืขื™ื’ื•ืœื™ื ืจื•ืžื–ื•ืช ืืœ ื”ื ื”ื’ืชื• ื™ืช' ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช ื•ืกืคื™ืจื•ืช ื“ื™ื•ืฉืจ ืืœ ื”ื ื”ื’ืชื• ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ืช: ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช, ื”ื™ื ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืข, ื•ื‘ื” ืื™ืŸ ื”ืคืจืฉ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ื•ื”ืฉืคืข ื ืฉืคืข ืœื›ื•ืœื ื‘ืฉื•ื” ืœืงื™ื•ื ื”ื ื‘ืจืื™ื... ื”ื•ื ื™ืช"ืฉ ื ื•ืชืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื ืœื›ื•ืœื ื‘ืฉื•ื” ืœืงื™ื™ืžื ื›ืคื™ ืขืจื›ื ื•ืžื”ื•ืชื, ืœื ืœืคื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื... ื•ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื™ื•ืฉืจ ื”ื™ื ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื”ืชื›ืœื™ืชื™ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื•ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”... ืืฉืจ ืžื˜ืขื ื–ื”ื”ืขื™ื’ื•ืœื™ื ื ืžืฉื›ื™ื ืื—ืจ ื”ื™ื•ืฉืจ, ื›ื™ ื’ื ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ืชืœื•ื™ ื•ืขื•ืžื“ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื”ื™ื•ืฉืจ... ื›ื™ ืœืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืืฉืจ ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ืงื™ื•ืžื ื‘ืกื•ื“ ื”ืขื™ื’ื•ืœื™ื, ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืข... ื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืžืื“ ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช".
^ 5.ื•ืืžื ื ื›ืžื” ืžืŸ ื”ืขืจื‘-ืจื‘ ืฉืขืœื• ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืžืฆืจื™ื ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื• ืœ'ืขื’ืœ' ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื” ืžืžืฉ, ื•ื”ื ืžืชื• ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ื; ืืš ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืืœื™ื• ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื” ืžืžืฉ.
^ 6."...ื•ืคื™ืœื’ืฉ ื‘ื’ื‘ืขื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื›ึผื•ึผืฉืึทืŸ ืจึดืฉืึฐืขึธืชึทื™ึดื ื”ื™ืชื”?! ื•ื›ื™ ืžื” ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื” ืคื™ืœื’ืฉ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื•ื” ื•ื ืชื ื•ื” ืืฆืœ ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ?! ืืœื ืœืคื™ ืฉืจื—ืžื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ืžืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืขื•ืœื, ืืžืจ, ืฉืžื ื™ืืžืจื• ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื ื›ื ืกื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืืจืฆื ืื™ืžืชื™ ืงื™ืœืงืœื• ื‘ืžืขืฉื™ื”ืŸ, ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื”ื‘ื™ืื•ื” ื•ื ืชื ื•ื” ืืฆืœ ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ". (ืืœื™ื”ื• ืจื‘ื”, ืื™ืฉ ืฉืœื•ื, ื™ื‘).
^ 7.ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืชืจื’ื•ื ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื' ื‘, ื ื”: "ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื“ื™ืขื‘ืฅ ื”ื•ื ืขืชื ื™ืืœ... ื“ืืชื™ืŸ ืžื–ืจืขื™ืช ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื”ื•ืŸ ื“ื˜ื‘ ืœื”ื•ืŸ ื–ื›ื•ืชื™ื” ืžืคืจืฉื™ืŸ ื•ืืจืชื™ื›ื™ืŸ". ื’ื ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ื‘ืชืžื•ืจื” (ื“ืฃ ื˜ื–, ื) ืžืจืžื–ืช ืœืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื•ืขืชื ื™ืืœ, ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืกืคืจืช ืฉืขืชื ื™ืืœ ื™ืขืฅ ื•ืจื™ื‘ืฅ ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข 'ื˜ืจื“' ืืช ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช.
^ 8.ื•ืขื™' ืชืจื’ื•ื ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ ืœื”ื•ืฉืข (ื™, ื˜): "ืžึดื™ืžึตื™ ื”ึทื’ึผึดื‘ึฐืขึธื” ื—ึธื˜ึธืืชึธ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ..." ืฉื›ืชื‘: "ืžื™ื•ืžื™ ื’ื‘ืขืชื ื—ื˜ื™ืชื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืชืžืŸ ืงืžื• ืžืจื“ื• ื‘ืžื™ืžืจื™ ืœืžื ืื” ืขืœื™ื”ื•ืŸ ืžืœื›ื ื•ืืฃ ืœื ื–ื›ื™ืื• ื“ืชืชืงื™ื ืœื”ื•ืŸ ืžืœื›ื•ืชื ื‘ื’ื‘ืขืชื ืชืžืŸ ืืชื• ืขืœื™ื”ื•ืŸ ืขื‘ื“ื™ ืงืจื‘ื ืœืงื˜ืœื ืื‘ื”ืŸ ืขื ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ืกืœื™ืงื•". ืจืฉ"ื™ ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืฉื ืกื‘ืจ ืฉื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืชืจื’ื•ื ืœื”ืžืœื›ืช ืฉืื•ืœ ื•ื”ืงืฉื” ืขืœ ื›ืš, ืืš ื ืจืื” ืฉื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืชืจื’ื•ื ืœื”ืชืžืกืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ ื’ื‘ืขืช ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ืฆื‘ื ื•ื”ืžืœื•ื›ื” ืฉืœ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข. ื•ื›ื ื’ื“ื” ื™ืฆืื• ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ืขืชื ื™ืืœ (ืฉืžื›ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืคืจืฉื™ื” "ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ") ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื, ื•'ื”ืจื’ื•' ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืกืžืœื™ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืืช ื›ืœ 'ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ', ื•ื‘ืžืืžืจ "ืจืฉ"ื™ - ื•ื”ืคืกื•ืง ืฉืœื ืงื™ื™ื" ื”ืชื‘ืืจ ืฉื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืœืชืœืžื•ื“ ืจืžื– ืจืฉ"ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื ื” ื›ื–ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื•ืจืขื•ืช.
^ 9."ื•ื”ื•ืฉื ื‘ื™ืช ืื—ื“ ืืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื ืืฉืจ ื™ื‘ื—ืจ ื”', ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžืงืจื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ื•ืœืชื•... ื•ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื›ื”ืŸ ืืœื ื–ืจืข ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“, ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ืœืžืขื˜ ื–ื” ื”ืžื™ืŸ ืžืŸ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืžื ื• ืืœื ืžื” ืฉืœื ื’ื–ืจื” ื—ื›ืžืชื• ืœื”ื ื™ื—ื• ืœื’ืžืจื™". (ืžื•ืจื” ื”ื ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื ื’, ืœื‘).
^ 10.'> ืฉืึดืœึนื” ืžื•ื–ื›ืจืช ื‘ืžืื•ืจืขื•ืช ืคื™ืœื’ืฉ-ื‘ื’ื‘ืขื” ืชื•ืš ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืžืงื•ื ืฉืื•ืžืจ ื“ืจืฉื ื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ (ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื›ื, ื™ื‘), ื•ื’ื ืฉื ืชืžื” ื”ืจื“"ืง.
^ 11.ืขื™' ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ื”ืขืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ืœื™ื ืœืขื™ืœ.
undefined

ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื›ืžืŸ

ืขื•ืจืš ืžื“ื•ืจ ืื’ื“ื” ื‘ืžื›ื•ืŸ ืืจืฅ ื—ืžื“ื”.
ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื” ื•ืืกื˜ืจื•ื ื•ืžื™ื”
ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื” ื•ืืกื˜ืจื•ื ื•ืžื™ื”
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื

ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืžื”ื™ืจ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•
     ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืงื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืงื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื“ื•ื‘ ืœื™ืื•ืจ
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื“ื•ื‘ ืœื™ืื•ืจ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื’
     ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื’
  • ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื” ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื” ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ืจ' ื™ืขืงื‘ ื›ืฅ (ื›ืฆืœ'ื”)
     ืจ' ื™ืขืงื‘ ื›ืฅ (ื›ืฆืœ'ื”)
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืฉืืจ ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ื”ืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืฉืืจ ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ื”ืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืขื•ื–ื™ ืงืœื›ื”ื™ื™ื ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืขื•ื–ื™ ืงืœื›ื”ื™ื™ื ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื‘ ื‘ืขืจืœ ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื‘ ื‘ืขืจืœ ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • undefined
    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš

    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš โ€“ ื—ืงืช

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 606

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 606

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    ืคืจืฉืช ืฉื‘ื•ืข

    ืœื›ืœ ืื™ืฉ ื™ืฉ ืฉื. ืขืœ ื“ืช, ืจื ื•ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื›ืจืžืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    ื—ืžื“ืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช

    ืžื’ืข ืžืื›ืœื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ื ื›ืœื™ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื›ืœื™ ืฉื ื™, ื•ืขื™ืจื•ื™

    ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ืฆืœืืœ ื“ื ื™ืืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    ื—ืงืช

    ืœืžื” ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื”ืคืš ืœื ื™ื™ืจ ื—ืกืจ ืขืจืš?

    ื”ืจื‘ ื ืชื ืืœ ื™ื•ืกื™ืคื•ืŸ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined

    ืœื ื˜ืจื’ื“ื™ื”, ืฆืžื™ื—ื”

    ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉืžื–ื”ื™ืจื™ื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืงื™ืขืชื• ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืฉืŸ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜, ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ืžืกืคืจืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืื—ืจ: ืขื•ืœื ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื ื™, ืืฉืจ ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืืชื’ืจื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื™ื, ื—ื•ื•ื” ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืคืจื™ื—ื” ื—ืกืจืช ืชืงื“ื™ื ื•ืžืขืžื™ื“ ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืœื›ืชื™ืช ืžืขืฉื™ืช ืœืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™

    ื”ืจื‘ ืื•ืจื™ ืกื“ืŸ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    ืฆื‘ื

    ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื ื”

    ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื”ืžื’ื“ืจื™ืช ื‘ืฆื‘ื ืื™ื ื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉืœ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื. ืชื ืื™ ื”ืœื—ื™ืžื”, ื”ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื•ื”ืงืจื‘ื” ื”ืžืžื•ืฉื›ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ืฉืืœืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื“ื™ื ื™ ืฆื ื™ืขื•ืช ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืื—ืจืช

    ื”ืจื‘ ืขื–ืจื™ืืœ ืืจื™ืืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” - ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื

    ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ืื‘ ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื‘ื ื• ืื•ืžื ื•ืช, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืžืงืฆื•ืข | ื’ื ืื ื”ื‘ืŸ ื™ื‘ื—ืจ ืœื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื• ืœืชื•ืจื”, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื˜ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืื‘ ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื‘ื ื• ืื•ืžื ื•ืช | ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉื”' ืžื‘ื™ื ืœืื“ื ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ืจื™ืฆื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• | ื”ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื›ืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ื”ืฉื | ื”ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืื—ื“ ืžืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื• ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื, ืฉื ื‘ืจื "ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื•ืœืฉื•ืžืจื”", ื•ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ืขื‘ื™ืจื”

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื-ืช ืค"ืฉ

    ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื-ืช-ืค"ืฉ ืคืจืฉืช ื—ืงืช

    ื•ึทื™ึตึผืฉึถืื‘ ื‘ึฐึผืึถืจึถืฅ ื˜ื•ึนื‘. ืžื”ื™ ืฉืžื” ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ืฉืžื” | ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื™ื, ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ ื•ืฉื™ืจืช ืžืฉื” ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืื–ื™ื ื• | ืžื” ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ื ื™ื— ืืช ื ื—ืฉ ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉืช ืขืœ ืขืžื“ื•, ื•ืจืง ื—ื–ืงื™ื”ื• ืžืœืš ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืขืžื“ ื•ืฉื‘ืจื• ืฉืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืื•ืชื• | ืจืื™ื” ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื” ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืจื•ืฆื— ื ืคืฉ ื‘ืฉื’ื’ื”. ื•ืขื•ื“!

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ - ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืœืžืŸ ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื

    ื™ืกื•ื“ ื•ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช

    ื“ืจืš ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื’' ืคืกืงื” ื”-ื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžื‘ืืจ ื›ื™ ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืžื•ืฉืชืช ืขืœ ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ืขืจืš ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ ื•ื”ืชืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืจืื•. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืจื‘ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืขืžื•ืงื” ื–ื• ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžืชืžื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ื•ื“ื‘ื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืจ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™, ืฉืฉื™ืื• ื•ื”ืฉืœืžืชื• ื‘ืื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ื”ืคื™ื›ืช ื”ืจืข ืœื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืฉืš ืœืื•ืจ.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    33 ื“ืง'
    ืžืืžืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™

    ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื•ืจื™ื

    ืžืืžืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื”ืžืฉืš ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืคืกืงื” ื–'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืงื™ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื ื“ืžื•ืช ืฉื›ืœืชื ื™ื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืื‘ ื•ืื ื•ื‘ืจื™ืช ืžื™ืœื”, ืชื•ืš ื”ื“ื’ืฉื” ืฉื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ ื›ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™. ื“ืจืš ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžื”ื’ืžืจื, ืคืกื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ ืกืคืจ ื”ื›ื•ื–ืจื™, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉืช ื”ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื”ืขืœ-ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืืœื•.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื‘ื™ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื•ืจืฅ | ื›"ื’ ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    33 ื“ืง'
    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉ"ืก

    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืงื“ืฉื•ืช

    ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ื”ืงื“ืฉื•ืช ืื™ื ื ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืจืง ืœืกื“ืจ ืงื“ืฉื™ื, ืืœื ื’ื ืœื ื“ืจื™ื ื•ืœื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช. ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ื‘ืื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื“ืžื™ื ืœืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืคื” ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื›ืœื™, ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื™ืจื•ืช, ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื ื™ืกื™ื ื–ืื’ื | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ

    ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื

    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืคืจืง ื”, ืคืกืงื” ื–-ื—

    ื™ืฉื ื” ื“ื•- ืกื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื—ืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ืื“ื ื•ืจืฆื•ื ื• ืœื”ื™ื˜ื™ื‘: ื”ืŸ ืžืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ื–ื• ืืช ื–ื• ื‘ื”ื“ื“ื™ื•ืช.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    30 ื“ืง'
    ื—ืงืช

    ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืกืœืข ืื• ื”ื›ืืชื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    10 ื“ืง'
    ื›ื”ื ื™ื

    ื‘ืจื›ืช ื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื - ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืœื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    1:00
    ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ืš - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•

    ืคืจืฉืช ื—ืงืช ืชืฉืค"ื• โ€“ ื”ื’ื™ืข ื–ืžืŸ ื’ืื•ืœืชื›ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื• | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    23 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื•

    ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ "ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘" ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื ื•ืชืง ืžื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืžืขืฉื™ืช, ื•ืžื‘ืงืจ ืืช ื”ื ืฆืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื—ืจื” ืœื”ื™ืฉืขืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืชื•ืš ื ื˜ื™ืฉืช ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืืœ ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื•ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœืกืœื•ืœ ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื•ืœื”ืืจืช ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœืŸ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื’' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    35 ื“ืง'
    ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช

    ื ืคื™ืœืช ืืคื™ื™ื - ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื•ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    7 ื“ืง'
    ื›ื”ื ื™ื

    ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื—ืก ืืœื™ื”ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    34 ื“ืง'
    ื—ืงืช

    ืกื•ื“ ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ื•ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ืžืกืžืœืช ืงื‘ืœืช ืขื•ืœ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ื™ื ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช, ื•ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ืžืื” ื•ื”ื˜ื”ืจื” ื”ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืงื“ื•ืฉืชื• ื•ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืจื‘ ืžืชืืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ืช ื–ื• ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืœื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืคื ื™ืžื™, ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื•ืฉืžื— ืืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืžืฉืชืงืฃ ื‘"ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ" ื•ืžื‘ื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืœื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ืฉืŸ | ื’' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    39 ื“ืง'
    ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ.ื™ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ

    ืžืœื—ืžืช ืขื•ืœื ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืœ ื•ืฉื ื”ื•ื•ื™ื”

    ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื” - ืžืืžืจ "ื ืื“ืจ ื‘ืงื•ื“ืฉ" ืกืขื™ืฃ ื“'

    ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืฆ"ืœ ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืืช ื”ืคื™ืกืงืื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช ื•ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืืช ืฉื ื”ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืฉื•ืจืฉ ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ. ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ | ืœ' ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื
ืื–ื•ืจ ืื™ืฉื™

ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœืš, ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื‘ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ื•ืœื”ืžืฉืš ืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื• ืขื–ื‘ืช ืื•ืชืŸ.

ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il