ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ืœื•ื— ืฉื ื” ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช

ื”ืงื“ืฉืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืืชืจ

ื”ืงื“ืฉ

ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
 ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืคืจืฉืช ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื•ืชื "ืš
  • ื—ื•ืžืฉ ื•ื™ืงืจื
  • ื•ื™ืงืจื
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
  • ืคืจืฉืช ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื•ืชื "ืš
  • ืืจื‘ืข ืคืจืฉื™ื•ืช
  • ื–ื›ื•ืจ

ืฉืจืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื” ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื’ืจื™ืŸ ืœืขื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืฉืžืช ื™ืงื™ืจื™ื”ื


ืœืฆืขืจื ื• ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื” ืฉื’ื™ืื” ื‘ืงื‘ืœื” ืื• ื”ืฆื’ื” ืฉืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื

ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื”-PDF ื”ืžืฆื•ืจืฃ ืœืฉื™ืขื•ืจ
ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”
undefined
722
13 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื” โ€ข 47 ื“ืง' ืฆืคื™ื”
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืœื“ืจืšืื–ื•ืจ ืฉื•ืจื˜ื™ืืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ืืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขืกื“ืจื•ืชืกืคืจื™ื”ืคืกืงื™ ื“ื™ืŸื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš
ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ืขืžืœืง โ€“ ืžืœื—ืžื” ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช
"ื–ึธื›ื•ึนืจ ืึตืช ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ืขึธืฉึธื‚ื” ืœึฐืšึธ ืขึฒืžึธืœึตืง ื‘ึทึผื“ึถึผืจึถืšึฐ ื‘ึฐึผืฆึตืืชึฐื›ึถื ืžึดืžึดึผืฆึฐืจึธื™ึดื" (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ื”, ื™ื–). ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื‘ืฉืœื— ืื•ืžืจ:
ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ืขืžืœืง ื”ื™ื ืžืœื—ืžื” ืงืฉื”. ื–ื• ืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ื•ื‘ืชื—ืชื•ื ื™ื. ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื• ืœืžื˜ื”, ื•ืืžืจื• "ื”ื™ืฉ ื”' ื‘ืงืจื‘ื ื• ืื ืื™ืŸ", ื‘ืจืคื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืจืคื• ื™ื“ื™ื”ื ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืžืชื™ืฉื™ื ืคืžืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืขืœื”, ื•ื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ื›ื•ื—ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืงืฉื”, ื•ืื– "ื•ื™ื‘ื•ื ืขืžืœืง". ืžื” ืขืฉื• ืื ืฉื™ ืขืžืœืง? ื ื˜ืœื• ืขืจืœื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื–ืจืงื• ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ืืžืจื• ืงื— ืžื” ืฉืจืฆื™ืช.
ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ืฉืœ ืขืžืœืง ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื–ื” ืžืื‘ืง ื‘ืฉื•ืจืฉ, ื‘ืกื’ื•ืœื”, ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ืžื™ืœื” ืžื‘ื˜ืืช. ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืื‘ื™ื”ื ืฉื‘ืฉืžื™ื™ื. ื”ืฉื•ืจืฉ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื•ืคืขืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื›ืœ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืขืžืœืง ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื›ืฉืขื•ื“ ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืžืœืื”. ื›ื™ ื”ื ื‘ืื™ื ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ืกื’ื•ืœื”, ื‘ื˜ื‘ืข, ื‘ืขืฆืžื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ.
ืขืœ ื”ืคืกื•ืง "ื•ึทื™ึนึผืืžึถืจ ืžึนืฉึถืื” ืึถืœ ื™ึฐื”ื•ึนืฉึปืืขึท ื‘ึฐึผื—ึทืจ ืœึธื ื•ึผ ืึฒื ึธืฉึดืื™ื ื•ึฐืฆึตื ื”ึดืœึธึผื—ึตื ื‘ึทึผืขึฒืžึธืœึตืง" (ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื–, ื˜), ืฉื•ืืœ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ, ืžื“ื•ืข ืœื ื”ืœืš ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ืœืžืœื—ืžื” ื•ืจืง ืืžืจ ืœื™ื”ื•ืฉืข: ื‘ื—ืจ ืœื ื• ืื ืฉื™ื ื•ืฆื ื”ืœื—ื ื‘ืขืžืœืง. ืžืฉื™ื‘ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ:
ื–ื›ืื™ ื—ืœืงื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื”. ืžืฉื” ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื•ืืžืจ ืื ื™ ืื–ืžื™ืŸ ืขืฆืžื™ ืœืžืœื—ืžื” ืœืžืขืœื”, ืœืงืจื‘ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™. ื•ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืœืžื˜ื”. ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘: "ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ื›ึทึผืึฒืฉึถืืจ ื™ึธืจึดื™ื ืžึนืฉึถืื” ื™ึธื“ื•ึน ื•ึฐื’ึธื‘ึทืจ ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ" (ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื–, ื™ื), ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืœ ืžืขืœื”, ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ.
ืžืฉื” ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ื–ื• ืื™ื ื” ืžืœื—ืžื” ืจื’ื™ืœื” ื›ืžื• ืฉืขื ื ืœื—ื ื‘ืขื ืื—ืจ ืฉืžืคืจื™ืข ืœืงื™ื•ืžื•, ืฉืชื•ืคืก ืืช ื”ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืื• ืืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ืฉืœื•. ืขื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืคื•ืชื— ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื” ื ื’ื“ ืฉื›ื ื™ื• ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื—ืฉ ืฉื”ืฉื›ื ื™ื ืžืคืจื™ืขื™ื ืœื• ืœื”ืชืคืชื—, ืื• ืฉืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื ืคื’ืข ื•ืžืชื’ื•ื ืŸ, ืื• ืฉืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืชื™ื•. ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื ื‘ืœื™ ืกื™ื‘ื”, ืื™ืš ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืคืจื™ืข ืœืขืžืœืง, ืืœื ืฉื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืžืœื—ืžื” ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช. ืขืžืœืง ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื›ื—ื™ื“ ื•ืœื”ืฉืžื™ื“ ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืื•ืžืจ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ:
ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ: ื•ื›ื™ ืงืœื” ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ืš ืžืœื—ืžืช ืขืžืœืง? ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื›ืžื•ืชื” ืžื™ื•ื ืฉื ื‘ืจื ื”ืขื•ืœื ืขื“ ืื•ืชื• ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ื•ืžืื•ืชื• ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืขื“ ืฉื™ื‘ื•ื ืžืœืš ื”ืžืฉื™ื—, ืœื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืขืžืœืง ื”ื™ื• ื—ื–ืงื™ื ื•ืชืงื™ืคื™ื ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืงื•ืฉื™ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”, ืืœื ื›ื™ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžื›ืœ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื.
ื–ื• ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืœื—ืžื” ื’ืฉืžื™ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืืœื ืžืœื—ืžื” ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช - ืžืœืžืขืœื” ื•ืžืœืžื˜ื”.

ืžื“ื•ืข ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื ืœื—ื ื‘ืขืžืœืง
ืžืžืฉื™ืš ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ:
"ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืžืฉื” ืืœ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข". ืžื“ื•ืข ื‘ื—ืจ ืžืฉื” ื‘ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข? ื•ื›ื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื ืฉื™ ืžืœื—ืžื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืžืžื ื•?
ื”ืจื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”, "ืœื ื™ืžื™ืฉ ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืื•ื”ืœ", ืžืชืื™ื ืœื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ืจืžื˜ื›"ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”, ืืœื ืจืื” ืžืฉื” ืฉืžืœื—ืžื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ื•ื’ืฉืžื™ืช, ื•ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื ืขืจ ืœื ื™ืžื™ืฉ ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืื•ื”ืœ, ืžืชื•ืš ืื”ืœื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ื•ื ืงืฉื•ืจ ื‘ืงืฉืจ ื”ื“ื•ืง ื•ืžืชืžื™ื“ ืœืชื•ืจื”. ืืžืจ ืžืฉื”, ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืชืื™ื ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื•ืœื ืฆื—. ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื ื’ืจืžื” ืžืจืคื™ื•ืŸ ื™ื“ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืžื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ื–ืืช ืฉืžื˜ืจืชื” ืœื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ืœืชื•ืจื”? ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื”ืงืฉื•ืจ ืงืฉืจ ืขืžื•ืง ื•ืชืžื™ื“ื™ ืœืชื•ืจื” ื™ื‘ื•ื ื•ื™ื ืฆื—, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืกื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ืจื•ื—ื ื™.
ืขืžืœืง ื ื˜ืœื• ืขืจืœื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื–ืจืงื• ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ืืžืจื• ืงื— ืžื” ืฉืจืฆื™ืช. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืขืžืœืง ื‘ืื• ืœื–ืœื–ืœ ื•ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ืกื’ื•ืœื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช. ืœื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืกืฃ, ืฉื•ืžืจ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช, ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื— ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ืžื™ ืฉืžื–ืœื–ืœ ื•ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืช, ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื ืฆื— ื•ืœืœื—ื•ื ื‘ืขืžืœืง. ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ "ื•ึทื™ึทึผื—ึฒืœึนืฉื ื™ึฐื”ื•ึนืฉึปืืขึท ืึถืช ืขึฒืžึธืœึตืง ื•ึฐืึถืช ืขึทืžึผื•ึน ืœึฐืคึดื™ ื—ึธืจึถื‘" (ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื–, ื™ื’). ืžื“ื™ื™ืง ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ ืฉืœื ื›ืชื•ื‘ 'ืจื•ืžื—' ืืœื ื“ื•ื•ืงื 'ื—ืจื‘' ืœืคื™ ื”ืคืกื•ืง "ื—ืจื‘ ื ื•ืงืžืช ื ืงื ื‘ืจื™ืช", ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ื—ืจื‘ ืœื ืงื•ื ื ืงื ื‘ืจื™ืช. ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืช, ื•ื”ื—ืจื‘ ื ื•ืงืžืช ื ืงื ื‘ืจื™ืช. ื–ื” ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืฉื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืžืžืœื. ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืžื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืคื’ื•ืข ืขืžืœืง, ื”ื•ื ืžื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืื‘ื™ื”ื ืฉื‘ืฉืžื™ื™ื.
ื ืืžืจ ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ืจื‘ื”, ืคืจืฉืช ื‘ืฉืœื— (ืคืจืฉื” ื›ื•, ื’):
"ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืžืฉื” ืืœ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ื—ืจ ืœื ื• ืื ืฉื™ื". ืืžืจ ืœื•: ื–ืงื ืš (ื™ื•ืกืฃ) ืืžืจ "ืืช ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืื ื™ ื™ืจื" (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืžื‘, ื™ื—), ื•ื‘ืขืžืœืง ื›ืชื•ื‘ "ื•ืœื ื™ืจื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื". ื™ื‘ื•ื ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื ื• ืฉืœ ืžื™ ืฉืืžืจ "ืืช ื”ืืœื”ื™ื ืื ื™ ื™ืจื" ื•ื™ืคืจืข ืžืžื™ ืฉื ืืžืจ ื‘ื• "ื•ืœื ื™ืจื ืืœื”ื™ื".
ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ื‘ื ืœื‘ืืจ ืืช ืขื•ืžืง ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืžื”ื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืื‘ื™ื”ื ืฉื‘ืฉืžื™ื™ื - ื”ื›ื™ืฉืจื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืกื’ื•ืœื”, ื•ื”ืกื’ื•ืœื” ืฉืœื• ื”ื™ื ื™ืจืืช ืฉืžื™ื™ื, ื”ื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื. ื–ื” ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ืฉืœื ื•. ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื˜ื‘ืข ื‘ื ื• ืกื’ื•ืœื” ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืืœ ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื. ื–ื” ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืžื”, ืืžื ื ืืฆืœ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ื–ื” ื ืกืชืจ ื•ืœื ืžื•ืคื™ืข, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื•ืžื” ื›ืื•ืžื” ืžืื– ืฉืงืžื”, ื”ื™ื ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื–ื•, ื–ื• ื”ืกื’ื•ืœื” ืฉืœื”, ื˜ื‘ืข ืฉืœ ื™ืจืืช ื”'.
ื›ืš ืื•ืžืจ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื‘ืฉืœื—:
ืืžืจ ืจ' ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”: "ืจึตืืฉึดืื™ืช ื’ึผื•ึนื™ึดื ืขึฒืžึธืœึตืง ื•ึฐืึทื—ึฒืจึดื™ืชื•ึน ืขึฒื“ึตื™ ืึนื‘ึตื“" (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื“, ื›). ื•ื›ื™ "ืจืืฉื™ืช ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืขืžืœืง"? ื”ืœื ื›ืžื” ืœืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืขืžื™ื ื•ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืขื“ ืฉืœื ื‘ื ืขืžืœืง? ืืœื ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฆืื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืžืฆืจื™ื, ืคื—ื“ ื•ืื™ืžื” ื ืคืœื• ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืขืžื™ื, ื”ื“ื ื”ื•ื ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ "ืฉึธืืžึฐืขื•ึผ ืขึทืžึดึผื™ื ื™ึดืจึฐื’ึธึผื–ื•ึผืŸ ื—ึดื™ืœ ืึธื—ึทื– ื™ึนืฉึฐืื‘ึตื™ ืคึฐึผืœึธืฉึถืืช" (ืฉืžื•ืช ื˜ื•, ื™ื“), ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืขืžื™ื ืฉืœื ืคื—ื“ื• ืžื”ื’ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื”.
ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืžืข ืขืœ ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื ื•ื”ื ืคืœืื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ื‘ืงืจื™ืขืช ื™ื ืกื•ืฃ, ืคื—ื“ื• ื•ื”ืชืžืœืื• ื‘ื™ืจืื” ืžืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื, ื•ืจืง ืขืžืœืง ืœื ืคื—ื“, ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ "ื•ืœื ื™ืจื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื". ืขืžืœืง ื”ื™ื• ื”ื›ื™ ืจื—ื•ืงื™ื ืžื™ืจืืช ืฉืžื™ื™ื, ืžื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœื”ืงื‘"ื”, ืœื›ืŸ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื ืืžืจ: "ืจืืฉื™ืช ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืขืžืœืง", ื”ื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” "ืื—ืจื™ืชื• ืขื“ื™ ืื•ื‘ื“". ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ืจืื™ ืืœื•ืงื™ื, ื•ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™ ื”ื”ื™ืคืš ืžืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื–ื” ืขืžืœืง ืฉืœื ื™ืจื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื.
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืืช ื”ืžื”ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขืžืœืง, ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ:
"ืึทืฉึฐืืจึตื™ื›ึถื ื–ึนืจึฐืขึตื™ ืขึทืœ ื›ึธึผืœ ืžึธื™ึดื ืžึฐืฉึทืืœึฐึผื—ึตื™ ืจึถื’ึถืœ ื”ึทืฉึผืื•ึนืจ ื•ึฐื”ึทื—ึฒืžื•ึนืจ". "ืืฉืจื™ื›ื ื–ื•ืจืขื™ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืžื™ื" - ืืœื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื–ื•ืจืขื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืžื™ื, ื•ืชื•ืจื” ื ืžืฉืœื” ืœืžื™ื, "ืžืฉืœื—ื™ ืจื’ืœ ื”ืฉื•ืจ ื•ื”ื—ืžื•ืจ" - ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื ืžื ืฆื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืจ ื•ื”ื—ืžื•ืจ. ื”ืฉื•ืจ ื•ื”ื—ืžื•ืจ ื”ื ืฉื ื™ ื›ืชืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉืžืืœ ืฉืื•ื—ื–ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืขืžื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉื ืงืจืื™ื ืฉื•ืจ ื•ื—ืžื•ืจ.
ืžื‘ืืจ ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืžื•ื•ื™ืœื ื ื‘ื›ืžื” ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื—ืžื•ืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ, ืฉื ืืžืจ: "ืฉื‘ื• ืœื›ื ืคื” ืขื ื”ื—ืžื•ืจ", ื•ื ืืžืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื "ื‘ืฉืจ ื—ืžื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉืจื", ื•ืืžื• ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ ื”ื™ื ืžืžืฆืจื™ื. ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืฉืžืขืืœื™ื ื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื—ืžื•ืจ. ืฉื•ืจ ื–ื” ืขืฉื•. ืขืฉื• ื•ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ ืืœื• ืจืืฉื™ ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื•ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื”ืŸ ืชืื•ื•ื”, ืฉื ืืžืจ "ื–ืจืžืช ืกื•ืกื™ื ื–ืจืžืชื", ื•ื›ืขืก ืฉื–ื• ื‘ืขืฆื ื’ืื•ื•ื”. ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ - ืชืื•ื•ื”, ื•ืขืฉื• โ€“ ื›ืขืก ื•ืฉืคื™ื›ื•ืช ื“ืžื™ื, 'ืขืœ ื—ืจื‘ืš ืชื—ื™ื”'. ืื•ืžืจ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืžื–ื“ื•ื•ื’ื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ืขืฉื• ื•ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ, ืื™ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืคื ื™ื”ื. ืœื›ืŸ ืืžืจื” ื”ืชื•ืจื”: "ืœื ืชื—ืจื•ืฉ ื‘ืฉื•ืจ ื•ื—ืžื•ืจ", ื›ื™ ื”ืฉื•ืจ ื•ื”ื—ืžื•ืจ ื”ื ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ื™ื, ื”ื ืฉื ื™ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื™ื. ืžืžืฉื™ืš ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ:
ื•ืžื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื™ื•ืฆื ื›ืœื‘ ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ืฆื•ืฃ ืžื›ื•ืœื, ื•ื–ื” ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ "ื•ืœื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื ื™ื—ืจืฅ ื›ืœื‘ ืœืฉื•ื ื•". ืืžืจ ื”ืงื‘"ื”: ืืชื ืืžืจืชื "ื”ื™ืฉ ื”' ื‘ืงืจื‘ื ื• ืื ืื™ืŸ", ื”ืจื™ ืื ื™ ืžื•ืกืจ ืืชื›ื ืœื›ืœื‘. ืžื™ื“ "ื•ื™ื‘ื•ื ืขืžืœืง".

ื–ื›ื™ืจืช ืขืžืœืง ืจืžื– ืœืชืงืŸ ืžื” ืฉื’ืจื ืœื•ื™ื‘ื•ื ืขืžืœืง'
ื’ื ื‘ืคืจืงื™ ื“ืจ' ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ, ืžื•ื–ื›ืจ ืฉืขืžืœืง ื ืžืฉืœ ืœื›ืœื‘, ื‘ืžืฉืœ ืœืžืœืš ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืคืจื“ืก ืขืฆื™ ืคืจื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืžืื•ื“, ื•ื”ื™ื” ืฉืขืจ ืœืคืจื“ืก, ื•ื”ื™ื” ื›ืœื‘ ืฉืฉื•ืžืจ ื‘ืฉืขืจ ืฉืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื™ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืคืจื“ืก. ื”ืžืœืš ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื• ื•ืžืกืชื›ืœ ืžื”ื—ืœื•ืŸ ืžืœืžืขืœื” ืขืœ ืคืจื“ืกื• ื”ื™ืคื”. ื”ื ื” ื”ื•ื ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื™ื“ื™ื“ื• ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืคืจื“ืก ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื—ืช ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืœื™ ืจืฉื•ืช, ื•ื”ื›ืœื‘ ื”ืชื ืคืœ ืขืœื™ื•, ืฉืจื˜ ื•ื ืฉืš ืื•ืชื•. ื”ืžืœืš ืจืื” ื–ืืช ืžืœืžืขืœื”, ื•ื›ืฉื‘ื ื™ื“ื™ื“ื• ืœื‘ืงืจื•, ื”ืžืœืš ืจืฆื” ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉื ื™ืกื” ืœื’ื ื•ื‘ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืžื”ืคืจื“ืก, ืืš ืœื ืจืฆื” ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื•, ืื– ื—ื™ืคืฉ ื“ืจืš ืขืงื™ืคื” ืœื”ืขื™ืจ ืืช ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื™ื‘ื• ืฉื–ื” ืœื ืจืื•ื™, ื•ืืžืจ ืœื•: ื”ื›ืœื‘ ืฉืœื™ ืื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืข ืœื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื“ื™ื“ื™ื ืœืฉื•ื ืื™ื, ื”ื•ื ืžืชื ืคืœ ืขืœ ื›ื•ืœื. ื‘ื›ืš ืจืžื– ืœื• ืฉืจืื” ืฉื”ื›ืœื‘ ื”ืชื ืคืœ ืขืœื™ื• ื›ืฉืจืฆื” ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืคืจื“ืก ืœื’ื ื•ื‘.
ื›ืš ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื•, ื›ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ืจืฆื” ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืืžืจื• "ื”ื™ืฉ ื”' ื‘ืงืจื‘ื ื• ืื ืื™ืŸ", ืจืฆื” ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ืœื™ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื”ื ื•ืœื”ืขืœื™ื‘ ืื•ืชื, ืื– ืืžืจ ืœื”ื "ื–ื›ื•ืจ ืืช ืืฉืจ ืขืฉื” ืœืš ืขืžืœืง ื‘ื“ืจืš ื‘ืฆืืชื›ื ืžืžืฆืจื™ื". ืืชื ื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื ืื™ื–ื” ื›ืœื‘ ืจืฉืข ื”ืชื ืคืœ ืขืœื™ื›ื? ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ื•ืœืžื—ื•ืช ืื•ืชื•. ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืœื”ื ืฉื”ื›ืœื‘ ืœื ื‘ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ื, ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืขืžืœืง ื‘ื, ื•ืชื–ื›ืจื• ืฉืœื ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืขื•ืœื ืขืœ ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ื–ืืช, ื›ื™ ื›ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื "ื”ื™ืฉ ื”' ื‘ืงืจื‘ื ื• ืื ืื™ืŸ", ื‘ื ืขืžืœืง.
ืขืžืœืง ื”ื•ื ื›ืœื‘. ื›ืœื‘ ื”ื•ื ื—ืฆื•ืฃ, "ื•ื”ื›ืœื‘ื™ื ืขื–ื™ ื ืคืฉ" ืื•ืžืจ ื”ืคืกื•ืง ื‘ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื•. ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืขื•ืœ. ื”ื•ื ืœื ืžืฉืชืขื‘ื“. ื–ื” ืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขืžืœืง ืฉืื™ื ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืฉื•ื ืขื•ืœ, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ืขื•ืœ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื›ื•ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืื•ืชื•, ืขื•ืœ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื. ื”ื ืื ื˜ื™. ืœื—ืฆื•ืฃ ืื™ืŸ ืชืงื ื” ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืœื ืžืงื‘ืœ ืฉื•ื ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื•ืžื•ืกืจ. ื—ื–"ืœ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืืฃ ืœืื“ื ืจืฉืข ืืกื•ืจ ืœืงืจื•ื ืจืฉืข, ืื‘ืœ ืœืขื– ืคื ื™ื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืงืจื•ื ืจืฉืข. ื›ื™ ืขื– ืคื ื™ื ืœื ืžืงื‘ืœ. ื—ื–"ืœ ืžื›ื ื™ื ืื•ืชื "ืžืœื›ื•ืชื ื‘ืœื ืชื’ื", ื”ื ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืœืขืฆืžื ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื•ืžืฆืคืฆืคื™ื ืขืœ ื›ื•ืœื. ื”ื”ื™ืคืš ืžืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื”ื ืขื ื•ื•ื™ื, ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื ื™ื, ืžืงืฉื™ื‘ื™ื ื•ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืขื•ืœ.

ื’ื“ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื–ื›ื™ืจืช ืขืžืœืง
ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืขืฉื” ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ืœืงืจื•ื ืคืจืฉืช ืขืžืœืง ื›ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืชื•ืจื”: "ื–ึธื›ื•ึนืจ ืึตืช ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ืขึธืฉึธื‚ื” ืœึฐืšึธ ืขึฒืžึธืœึตืง". ื”ืื ื”ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ - ืื•ืžืจืช ื”ื’ืžืจื ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ืžื’ื™ืœื” (ื™ื—.) ื›ืชื•ื‘ 'ืœื ืชืฉื›ื—' ื”ืจื™ ืฉื›ื—ืช ื”ืœื‘ ื›ื‘ืจ ืืžื•ืจื”, ื–ืืช ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉื”ื–ื›ื™ืจื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืคื”. ื”ืื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ื‘ืกืคืจ - ื”ื’ืžืจื ืœื•ืžื“ืช ืžื”ืคืกื•ืง "ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื–ืืช ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืกืคืจ ื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ืื–ื ื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข", ืฉืžื’ื™ืœื” ืฉืงืจืื” ื‘ืขืœ ืคื” ืœื ื™ืฆื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ื•ื ืžื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื ืžื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ. ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืžื’ื™ืœื” ืžืกืคืจืช ืืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืขืžืœืง, ื•ื›ืชื•ื‘ 'ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื–ืืช ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืกืคืจ', ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืงืจื•ื ืคืจืฉืช ืขืžืœืง ืžื”ืกืคืจ. ื–ื• ืœื ืจืื™ื™ื” ืžืžืฉ ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช.
ืžืื™ืคื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืงืจื•ื ืืช ืคืจืฉืช ืขืžืœืง ื‘ืกืคืจ ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ - ื”ื’ืžืจื ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช (ืžื–:) ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉืœืจื‘ื™ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื”ื™ื” ื—ืกืจ ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉื—ืจืจ ืืช ืขื‘ื“ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืฉืœื™ื ืœืขืฉืจื” ืœืžื ื™ื™ืŸ. ืฉื•ืืœ ื”ืจื"ืฉ ืฉื: ื”ืจื™ ืืกื•ืจ ืœืื“ื ืœืฉื—ืจืจ ืขื‘ื“ ื›ื ืขื ื™, ื•ืœืžื” ื”ื•ื ืฉื—ืจืจ ืื•ืชื•? ืื•ืžืจ ื”ืจื"ืฉ ืฉืกืชื ืœืฉื—ืจืจ ืืกื•ืจ, ืืš ืœืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืจื‘ื” ืžื•ืชืจ, ื•ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืจื‘ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ื ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื’ื ืœืฆืจืคื• ืœืžื ื™ื™ืŸ. ื•ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ื”ืจื"ืฉ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืฉืฉื—ืจืจ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืงืจื™ืืช ืคืจืฉืช ื–ื›ื•ืจ ื–ื” ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื, ืื– ื”ื•ื ืžื ื™ื— ืฉื’ื ืœืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืฉื—ืจืจ. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืื’ื‘ ื’ืจืจื ื”ืจื"ืฉ ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืฉืคืจืฉืช ื–ื›ื•ืจ ืžื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงืจื•ื ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ. ื–ื” ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ ืœื›ืš.
ืชืจื•ืžืช ื”ื“ืฉืŸ ืœื•ืžื“ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจื"ืฉ ืฉื”ืื“ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื–ื›ื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืคืจืฉืช ื–ื›ื•ืจ. ื•ืื ืื“ื ืžืื ืฉื™ ื”ื›ืคืจื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื–ื›ื•ืจ ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืคืจืฉืช ื–ื›ื•ืจ, ืื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืคื•ืจื™ื ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืงืจื™ืืช ืžื’ื™ืœื”, ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืคืจืฉืช ื–ื›ื•ืจ ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื–ื” ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื, ื•ืœื ื‘ืคื•ืจื™ื ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืžื’ื™ืœื” ืฉื–ื” ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ.
ืžืขื™ืจ ืขืœ ื–ื” ื”ืžื’ืŸ ืื‘ืจื”ื (ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš, ืื•ืจื— ื—ื™ื™ื, ืชืจืค"ื”), ืฉื”ืจื™ ื‘ืคื•ืจื™ื ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืคืจืฉืช 'ื•ื™ื‘ื•ื ืขืžืœืง' ืžืคืจืฉืช ื‘ืฉืœื—, ื•ืื“ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ื•ื ืœืคื•ืจื™ื ืœืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ืžืข ื’ื ืืช ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื•ื’ื ืืช ืคืจืฉืช "ื•ื™ื‘ื•ื ืขืžืœืง" ื•ื™ื•ืฆื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื–ื›ื™ืจืช ืขืžืœืง ื‘ืฉืžื™ืขืช ืงืจื™ืืช ืคืจืฉืช "ื•ื™ื‘ื•ื ืขืžืœืง". ืืš ืื•ืžืจ ื”ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื” (ืชืจืค"ื” ืก"ืง ื˜ื–) ืฉืœื ืžืกืคื™ืง ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืืช ืคืจืฉืช "ื•ื™ื‘ื•ื ืขืžืœืง", ื›ื™ ื‘ื” ืœื ื›ืชื•ื‘ "ืชืžื—ื” ืืช ื–ื›ืจ ืขืžืœืง ืžืชื—ืช ื”ืฉืžื™ื™ื", ืืœื ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ื™ืžื—ื”, "ืžื—ื” ืืžื—ื”" "ื›ึดึผื™ ื™ึธื“ ืขึทืœ ื›ึตึผืก ื™ึธื”ึผ ืžึดืœึฐื—ึธืžึธื” ืœื”' ื‘ึทึผืขึฒืžึธืœึตืง" (ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื–, ื˜ื–), ืœื›ืŸ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงืจื•ื ืืช ืคืจืฉืช ื–ื›ื•ืจ.
ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืžืœื™ืฅ ืขืœ ื”ืžื’ืŸ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื•ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื ื•ืงื˜ ื›ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืคืจืงื™ ื“ืจ' ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ. ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื’ืŸ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ืฉืืœื” ืžื” ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงืจื•ื ืคืจืฉืช ืขืžืœืง? ื”ืื ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืฉืœื ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื˜ืขื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื’ืœืœืŸ ื‘ื ืขืžืœืง, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืคืจืงื™ ืจ' ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ, ื•ืื– ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืงืจื•ื ื’ื ืืช ืคืจืฉืช "ื•ื™ื‘ื•ื ืขืžืœืง", ืื• ืฉื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื—ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืจื•ื’, ื•ืื– ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงืจื•ื ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืืช ืคืจืฉืช "ื–ื›ื•ืจ" ื•ืœื ืืช ืคืจืฉืช "ื•ื™ื‘ื•ื ืขืžืœืง".
ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืื•ืžืจ, ืฉื ืฉื™ื ืœื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื–ื›ื•ืจ ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืŸ ืœื ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืœื—ืžื”. ื”ื•ื ืœื ื“ื™ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืœื›ื•ืช ืœื—ื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืงืจื‘ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื–ื›ื•ืจ ืœื›ืœ ื”ื“ืขื•ืช.. ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ืฉื ืฉื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืžืœื—ืžื” ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืŸ ืœื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื–ื›ื•ืจ. ืฉื•ืืœ ื”ืžื ื—ืช ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืžื™ ืืžืจ ืฉื”ื ื‘ื”ื ืชืœื™ื, ืžื™ ืืžืจ ืฉืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืืช "ืืฉืจ ืขืฉื” ืœืš ืขืžืœืง" ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื™ื™ื” - ืืœื• ืฉืชื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื ืคืจื“ื•ืช ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ื’ื ื ืฉื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืœื ืจืง ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื. ืื ื”ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœืžื—ื•ืช, ืฆื•ื“ืง ื”ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงืจื•ื ืคืจืฉืช ื–ื›ื•ืจ ื•ืœื ืคืจืฉืช ื•ื™ื‘ื•ื ืขืžืœืง, ื•ืจืง ืื ืฉื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื•ืœื ื ืฉื™ื. ืื‘ืœ ืœืคื™ ืžื” ืฉื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ืžื ื—ืช ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืฉืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื’ื ื ืฉื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื›ื™ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจื” ืื™ื ื” ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื—ื™ื™ื”, ืื•ืœื™ ืžืคื ื™ ืžื” ืฉืœืžื“ื ื• ืžืคืจืงื™ ื“ืจ' ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ, ื›ื™ ื”ืขื™ืงืจ ื–ื” ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืฉืœื ืœื—ื˜ื•ื, ื•ืื– ื ืฉื™ื ื’ื ื›ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื–ื›ื•ืจ.
ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืคื ื™ื, ืขืžืœืง ื ืงืจื ื›ืœื‘. ื”ื•ื ื—ืฆื•ืฃ. ื”ืฉื•ืจืฉ ืฉืœ ืขืžืœืง ื–ื” ื”ื”ื™ืคืš ืžืืžื•ื ื”, ืž"ื•ื™ื”ื™ ื™ื“ื™ื• ืืžื•ื ื”" ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ื ืœื—ื ื‘ืขืžืœืง. ืขืžืœืง ื–ื” ื”ื”ื™ืคืš ืžื™ืจืืช ืฉืžื™ื™ื, ื”ื”ื™ืคืš ืžื”ืกื’ื•ืœื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช.

ืขืžืœืง ืžืขื›ื‘ ื”ื•ืคืขืช ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื”'
ื”ืžื”ืจ"ืœ ื‘ื ืฆื— ื™ืฉืจืืœ (ืคืจืง ืก) ืื•ืžืจ ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–"ืœ "ื›ึดึผื™ ื™ึธื“ ืขึทืœ ื›ึตึผืก ื™ึธื”ึผ" ืื™ืŸ ื”' ืฉืœื ื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ื›ืกื ืฉืœื ืขื“ ืฉื™ืžื—ื” ื–ื›ืจ ืขืžืœืง, ื›ื™ ืขืžืœืง ืื™ื ื• ื›ืฉืืจ ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ื˜ืคืœื™ื ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืืœื ื”ื•ื ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ื’ืžื•ืจ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื›ืš ื ืืžืจ ื’ื ืขืœ ืจื•ืžื™ "ืืžืœืื” ื”ื—ืจื‘ื”" - ืื ืžืœืื” ื–ื• ื—ืจื‘ื” ื–ื•:
ืงื™ืกืจื™ ื•ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ืื ื™ืืžืจ ืœืš ืื“ื ื—ืจื‘ื• ืฉืชื™ื”ืŸ - ืืœ ืชืืžื™ืŸ, ื™ืฉื‘ื• ืฉืชื™ื”ืŸ - ืืœ ืชืืžื™ืŸ, ื—ืจื‘ื” ืงื™ืกืจื™ ื•ื™ืฉื‘ื” ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืื• ื—ืจื‘ื” ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ื™ืฉื‘ื” ืงื™ืกืจื™ โ€“ ืชืืžื™ืŸ, ืฉื ืืžืจ "ืืžืœืื” ื”ื—ืจื‘ื”". ืจ' ื ื—ืžืŸ ื‘ืจ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืืžืจ ืžื”ื›ื "ื•ืœืื•ื ืžืœืื•ื ื™ืืžืฅ" (ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื•.).
ืžื‘ืืจ ื”ืžื”ืจ"ืœ ืฉื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืื™ืŸ ืื—ื“ื•ืช, ื•ืœื ืžืชื’ืœื” ืžืœื›ื•ืชื• ื‘ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื™ืกื ืฉืœื. ื”ื›ื™ืกื ืฉืœื ืจืง ื›ืืฉืจ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžื›ื™ืจ ื‘ืžืœื›ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื”, ื•ืขืžืœืง ืžืขื›ื‘ ืืช ื”ื”ื•ืคืขื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื”ื•ื ื’ื•ืจื ืœืฉื ื™ื•ืช. "ืจืืฉื™ืช ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืขืžืœืง" ื”ื•ื ืžื ื•ื’ื“ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื ืงืจืื• ืจืืฉื™ืช ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืจืืฉื™ืชื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืœื›ืŸ "ืื—ืจื™ืชื• ืขื“ื™ ืื•ื‘ื“". ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื•ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืขืžืœืง ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื›ื ืฃ ืžื›ืกื” ืืช ื”ืคื ื™ื, ืฉื ืืžืจ ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื•ื "ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึดื›ึธึผื ึตืฃ ืขื•ึนื“ ืžื•ึนืจึถื™ืšึธ" (ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ืœ, ื›), ืืœื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžื”ืจ"ืœ.
ืขืœ ืคื™ ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืžื•ื•ื™ืœื ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืžื™ื ื™ ืขืจื‘ ืจื‘ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ: ื. ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื•ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืข. ื‘. ื‘ืขืœื™ ืชืื•ื•ื” ื’. ื”ืฆื‘ื•ืขื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืชื•ื›ื ื›ื‘ืจื. ื“. ื”ืจื•ื“ืคื™ื ืื—ืจ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืœื”ื ืฉื. ื”. ื”ืจื•ื“ืคื™ื ืื—ืจ ืžืžื•ืŸ. ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ื ื’ืจื•ืขื™ื ืžื›ื•ืœื ื•ื”ื ื ืงืจืื™ื 'ืขืžืœืงื™ื', ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ื“ื•ื“ ื‘ื ืขื“ ืฉื™ืžื—ื• ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืืœื• ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืœืงืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืขืจื‘ ืจื‘, ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืชืงืŸ ืื•ืชืŸ.
ืขื•ื“ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœื™ืงื˜ืชื™ ืžืชื•ืš ืกืคืจ 'ืงื•ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจ' ืขืœ ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืฉืœ ืžืฉื™ื— ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื” ืฉืœื• ื‘ืขืžืœืง: ืขืœ ื”ืคืกื•ืง "ื›ึดึผื™ ื™ึธื“ ืขึทืœ ื›ึตึผืก ื™ึธื”ึผ ืžึดืœึฐื—ึธืžึธื” ืœื”' ื‘ึทึผืขึฒืžึธืœึตืง ืžึดื“ึนึผืจ ื“ึนึผืจ" (ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื–, ื˜ื–). ืื•ืžืจ ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ, ื–ื”ื• ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฉื™ื— ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ, "ืื™ืŸ ื”' ืฉืœื ื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ื›ืกื ืฉืœื ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืœื ื ืžื—ื” ืขืžืœืง". ื”ืคืกื•ืง "ื–ื›ื•ืจ ื™ืžื•ืช ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื™ื ื• ืฉื ื•ืช ื“ื•ืจ ื•ื“ื•ืจ" ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœืžืฉื™ื— ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืœื•ื—ื ื‘ืขืžืœืง ืžืœื—ืžื” ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช, "ืžืœื—ืžื” ืœื”' ื‘ืขืžืœืง ืžื“ื•ืจ ื“ื•ืจ". ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ืžืชื’ื‘ืจืช ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉื™ื— ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ.
ืžื”ืŸ ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” - ืžืฉื™ื— ืœื•ื—ื ื‘ืขืžืœืง ื‘ืกื•ื“ ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืฉื ื”' ื”ืฆืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ 'ื”ื•ื™ื”' ื•'ืื“ื ื•ืช' ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื’ื™ืžื˜ืจื™ื "ืฆื" โ€“ "ืฆื ื”ืœื—ื ื‘ืขืžืœืง". ืฉื ื”ื•ื™ื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ื’ื™ืžื˜ืจื™ื™ื” 26, ื•ืฉื ืื“ื ื•ืช ื‘ื’ื™ืžื˜ืจื™ื™ื” ื”ื•ื 65, ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ื–ื” "ืฆื". ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืขืžื•ืง. ืฉื ื”ื•ื™ื” ื”ื•ื ืžืขืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข, "ื•ืฉืžื™ ื”' ืœื ื ื•ื“ืขืชื™ ืœื”ื", ื”ื•ื ืฉื ื›ืœืœื™. ืฉื ืื“ื ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื”ื”ื•ืคืขื” ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื‘ื˜ื‘ืข ื›ืื“ื•ืŸ. ืขืžืœืง ืœื ืžื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื–ื” ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ืฉื•ืœื˜ ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข. ื›ืฉืžืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืฉื ื”ื•ื™ื” ืขื ืฉื ืื“ื ื•ืช, ื™ืฉ ื”ื›ืจื” ืฉื”ื ืก ื•ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“, ืฉืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ื”ื•ื ื ืžืฆื ืžืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืืœื• ืœื ืฉืชื™ ื”ื•ืคืขื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ื”ื•ืคืขื” ืื—ืช ืžืขืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื•ื™ืฉ ื”ื•ืคืขื” ื‘ื˜ื‘ืข, ืืœื ื”ื•ืคืขื” ืื—ืช, ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘. ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื™ืกื•ื“ ื•ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื–ื”ื• ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื™ื— ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ.
ืขื•ื“ ืื•ืžืจ ื”ื’ืจ"ื ืฉื™ืฉื ื ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ืขืžืœืง ืฉื‘ื”ื ื ืœื—ืžื™ื: ื. ืขืžืœืง ืฉื‘ืœื‘, ื”ื•ื ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข ื•ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืจืขื•ืช, ื‘. ืขืžืœืง ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™, ื”ืฉื˜ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืœืงืœื•ืช, ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื”ืžืฉื—ื™ืช, ืฆื•ืจืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืก"ืž, ืฉืขื™ืงืจ ื›ื•ื—ื• ื‘ืฉืขืจื™ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืžืžื•ืช ืื“ืžืชื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืช ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ื’. ืขืžืœืง ื”ื’ืฉืžื™, ืฉื‘ื• ื›ืœื•ืœื™ื ืขืฉื• ื•ืขืžืœืง ื•ืขืจื‘ ืจื‘. ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ืขืžืœืง ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ ื”ื™ื ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ืฉืขืจื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘. ื”ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข, ื•ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืฉื ื™. ื›ืขืช ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ืฉื ื™ื”ื, ืœื™ื™ืฉื‘ ืืช ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœื›ื‘ื•ืฉ ืืช ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื›ื•ืชื‘ 'ืงื•ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจ':
ืชื›ืœื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื ื• ื‘ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ื’ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืžืœื—ืžื” ืœื”' ื‘ืขืžืœืง ืžื›ืœ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช, ื ื’ื“ ื›ืœ ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ ื”' ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื ื’ื“ ืฉืจ ืขืจื‘ ืจื‘, ื•ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช - ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื’ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืงื™ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ. ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื”ื–ืืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื, ืื ื—ื ื• ื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื ืืช ืืฉืจ ืขืฉื” ืœืš ืขืžืœืง.
ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจื” ื”ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื–ืง ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ืกื’ื•ืœื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ื•ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืจืืช ื”', ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ืจื ืืœื•ืงื™ื. ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืื•ืชื” ืžืŸ ื”ื›ื•ื— ืืœ ื”ืคื•ืขืœ. ื™ืจืืช ื”' ื˜ืžื•ื ื”, ืฆืจื™ืš ืจืง ืœื—ืคืฉ ืื•ืชื”. ื›ืžื• ืžื˜ืžื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ื“ืื™ ื ืžืฆื, ืจืง ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชืืžืฅ ืœื—ืคืฉ ืื•ืชื• ืขื“ ืฉืžื’ืœื™ื ืื•ืชื•, ื•ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืžืŸ ื”ื›ื•ื— ืืœ ื”ืคื•ืขืœ.

ื ืก ืคื•ืจื™ื ืžืื•ืจืข ืฉื—ื•ื–ืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ื•ืจ
ืชืœืžื™ื“ ืื—ื“ ืฉืืœ ืื•ืชื™ ืื™ืš ืžืชื›ื•ื ื ื™ื ืœืคื•ืจื™ื? ืœืคื ื™ 2400 ืฉื ื” ื”ื™ื” ืื™ืจื•ืข ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืœื ื•. ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืžืฉื ื” ืฉืžื™ ืฉืงื•ืจื ืืช ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื” ืœืžืคืจืข, ืœื ื™ืฆื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ื”. ืžืคืจืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช, ืฉืื“ื ืฉื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื”ื•ื ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ ืฉืงืจื” ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช - ืœื ื™ืฆื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ื”. ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื” ืฉื™ื™ืš ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืœื ืœืžืคืจืข. ืื ื• ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืžื›ืš ืฉื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื›ื‘ืจ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช.
ืืคืฉืจ ื’ื ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื–ื•, ืœืžื” ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื, ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ื ืก ืคื•ืจื™ื. ื•ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืื™ืœื• ืœื ื™ืฆืื ื• ืžืžืฆืจื™ื, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืื ื• ื•ื‘ื ื™ื ื• ื•ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื ื• ื ืฉืืจื™ื ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื. ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืื™ืจื•ืข ืžื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœื›ืœ ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช, ื™ืฆืื ื• ืžืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืœืขื ื”', ื•ืžืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื ื”'. ื•ื›ืš, ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื ื™ืฆืœื ื• ืžื”ืžืŸ ื”ืจืฉืข, ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื›ืืŸ ื”ื™ื•ื. ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ืจืฆื” ืœื”ืฉืžื™ื“, ืœื”ืจื•ื’ ื•ืœืื‘ื“ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื, ืžื ืขืจ ื•ืขื“ ื–ืงืŸ, ื˜ืฃ ื•ื ืฉื™ื ื•ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื ืฉืืจ. ื–ื” ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื ื•ื’ืข ืืœื™ื ื•. ืžื” ืฉืื•ืชื• ื”ืฆื“ื™ืง ืืžืจ ืฉื”ืงื•ืจื ืœืžืคืจืข ืœื ื™ืฆื, ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœื›ืš ืฉืื“ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉืกื•ื’ ื”ืžืื‘ืง ื”ื–ื” ืฉื ืื‘ืงื ื• ืื–, ืœื ื ื’ืžืจ. ื‘ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื“ื•ืจ ื•ื“ื•ืจ, ื™ืฉ ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ืŸ ืžืขื™ืŸ ื”ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื, ืขืฉื•, ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ ื•ืœื‘ืŸ, ื•ื”ืžืื‘ืงื™ื ืขื ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ื”ืžืŸ. ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช ื›ืื—ื“. ื™ืฉ ื”ืžืฉืš ืœืื•ืชื• ื”ืžืŸ ื”ืจืฉืข ืฉืจืฆื” ืœื”ืฉืžื™ื“, ืœื”ืจื•ื’ ื•ืœืื‘ื“, ื•ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืื–ื•ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื”, ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืฉืžื™ื“, ืœื”ืจื•ื’ ื•ืœืื‘ื“ ืืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืžื›ืจื™ื–ื™ื ืขืœ ื–ื” ื‘ืจื™ืฉ ื’ืœื™. ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืžืื‘ืง. ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ืขื•ืฉื” ืœื ื•. ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื ืฉื ืขืฉื• ืื– ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื•ืืกืชืจ ื”ื™ื• ื ืกืชืจื™ื, ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื˜ื‘ืข, ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืฉื’ื ื‘ื˜ื‘ืข ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ื ืžืฆื, ืœื ื›ืžื• ืฉืขืžืœืง ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ืื•ืœื™ ื‘ืฉืžื™ื ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืขืกืง ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืืจืฅ.
ืจ' ืœื•ื™ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืžื‘ืจื“ื™ื˜ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื•ืืœ: ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืžืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืœื”ื: "ื”' ื™ึดืœึธึผื—ึตื ืœึธื›ึถื ื•ึฐืึทืชึถึผื ืชึทึผื—ึฒืจึดื™ืฉืื•ึผืŸ" (ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื“, ื™ื“). ื•ืœืื—ืจ ื›ืžื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช, ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ืขืžืœืง ืื•ืžืจ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœืžืฉื” ืฉื™ืืžืจ ืœื™ื”ื•ืฉืข "ืฆื ื”ืœื—ื ื‘ืขืžืœืง", ืœืžื” ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœื ืื•ืžืจ: "ื”' ื™ืœื—ื ืœื›ื ื•ืืชื ืชื—ืจื™ืฉื•ืŸ"? ืžื” ื”ืฉืชื ื”? ื‘ืกืš ื”ื›ื•ืœ ืขื‘ืจื• ืจืง ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช? ืื•ืžืจ ืจ' ืœื•ื™ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืžื‘ืจื“ื™ื˜ืฉื•ื‘: ืขืžืœืง ื—ืฉื‘ ืฉื™ืฉ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื‘ืฉืžื™ื ืฉืœืคืขืžื™ื ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื”ืชืคืจืฆื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืขื•ืฉื” ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ื ื™ืกื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืขืœ ืกื“ืจื™ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื•ื”ืžื”ืœื›ื™ื ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื, ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืœื—ืžื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ื”ื•ื ืžื ื”ืœ ืืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืข, ื•ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืžื ืฆื— ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื” ืจื’ื™ืœื”. ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ื ืžืฆื ืœื ืจืง ืžืขืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ืืœื ื’ื ื‘ื˜ื‘ืข.
ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื•ืจื•ืช, ื›ืฉื™ืกืชื›ืœื• ืขืœ ื”ื“ื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื•, ื™ื’ื™ื“ื• - ืื™ืš ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืจืขื” ื›ื–ื• ืฉืจืฆืชื” ืœื”ืฉืžื™ื“, ืœื”ืจื•ื’ ื•ืœืื‘ื“, ืื™ืš ืขื ืงื˜ืŸ ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืžื•ืœ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขืžื™ื. ื’ื ืฉืืจ ื”ืขืžื™ื, ืฉืœื ืžืžืฉ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื›ืืŸ, ื›ืžื• ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคืื™ื, ืฉื•ื ืื™ื ืืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืœื‘ื, ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื ื’ื ืœื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื, ืื– ืื™ืš ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉื•ืจื“ - ื–ื” ืœื ื ื•ืจืžืœื™! ื•ื”ืงืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื’ื ืœื ื ื•ืจืžืœื™, ืื™ืŸ ืชื•ืคืขื” ื›ื–ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื•! ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ื”ืกื“ืจ. ืื‘ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื—ื•ืฉื‘ ื›ืš ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื‘ืขื™ื”. ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœื ืžื ื”ืœ ืืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืข, ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื”ื ืกื“ืจ ื˜ื‘ืขื™, ืืš ื‘ืืžืช ื–ื” ืœื ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื–ื” ืœื ื ื•ืจืžืœื™, ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื–ื”. ื‘ืฉืขืชื• ื”ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื’ื•ืฉ ืงื˜ื™ืฃ ื•ืœื ืคื•ื’ืขื™ื. ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ื ืืžืจื• - ื–ื” ืžืฉืžื™ื™ื, ื–ื” ืœื ื ื•ืจืžืœื™. ื™ืฉ ืฉืžืคืจืฉื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื›ืžืงืจื™ื, 'ืืฉืจ ืงืจืš ื‘ื“ืจืš'. ืืœื• ืœื ืžืงืจื™ื, ื™ืฉ ืกื™ื™ืขืชื ื“ืฉืžื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ.
ื–ื” ืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ืคื•ืจื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืื™ืš ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืžื ื”ืœ ืืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืข, ื•ืื™ืš ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื—ื™ ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ื”ืฉื’ื—ื” ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ื’ืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื˜ื‘ืข. ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื”ื•ื ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•. ื”ื•ื ืžืกื“ืจ ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืคืชืื•ื ืฆืฅ ืื—ืฉื•ื•ืจื•ืฉ ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ื’ื ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื—ื“ืฉ, ื”ืื ื–ื” ื ื•ืจืžืœื™ ืฉื”ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขื ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ื›ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื, ื—ืชืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™, ื™ื“ื™ื“ื™ื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื, ื–ื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™? ื–ื” ืœื ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื™ื? ื–ื• ืœื ื”ืฉื’ื—ื” ืืœื•ืงื™ืช? ื–ื” ืœื ืคื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉ?

ืื™ืš ืœืฉืžื•ื— ื‘ืคื•ืจื™ื
ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืคื•ืจื™ื ื–ื• ืฉืžื—ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ืœื ืจืง ืขืœ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื”ื ืืœื ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืืœื”, ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืคื•ืจื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ืฉืžื—ื”. ืื™ืš ืฉืžื—ื™ื ื‘ืคื•ืจื™ื - ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ืื™ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืื™ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืืœื™ื ื• ื”ื™ื•ื ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื™ื” ืื–, ื•ืžืชืžืœืื™ื ื‘ืฉืžื—ื”. ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืืžื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื™ืจืื™ ืืœื•ืงื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช, ื•ืžื•ื›ืจื—ื™ื ืœื”ืชืžืœื ืฉืžื—ื”. ื–ื• ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ืฉืื“ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืžื•ื— ื‘ืคื•ืจื™ื.
ื‘ืขืจื‘ ืคื•ืจื™ื ืื ื™ ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืจืง ืงืฆืช ืœืฉืชื•ืช, ืœื ืœื”ืฉืชื›ืจ, ื›ื™ ื–ื” ื”ื•ืจืก ืืช ื›ืœ ืฉืžื—ืช ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช. ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงื•ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ, ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืืช ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื•ืœืงื™ื™ื ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืžื ื•ืช, ื•ืขื™ืงืจ ืžื” ืฉืชื™ืงื ื• ืœืฉืชื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืฉืชื›ืจ ื›ืžื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ืจ ื‘ื’ืžืจื (ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื–:) ื–ื” ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ืช ืคื•ืจื™ื. ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ืืช 'ื ื›ื ืก ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืฆื ืกื•ื“'. ื™ืฉ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ืฆื ืœื”ื ืกื•ื“ ืžืื•ื“ ื™ืคื”, ื”ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื ื—ืžื“ื™ื, ื™ื’ื™ื“ื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื”, ื™ืฉืชื—ืจืจื• ืžื”ื‘ื•ืฉื•ืช ื•ื™ื’ื™ื“ื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืขื•ืžืงื ื“ืœื™ื‘ื. ื•ื™ืฉ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืคืชืื•ื ื™ืชื’ืœื” ืฉื”ื ืืœื™ืžื™ื, ืชืงื™ืคื™ื ื›ืืœื”, ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื™ ืžืฆื™ืข ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ื™ื‘ื—ืŸ ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ืื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื• ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืชื•ื›ื•, ืื• ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœื• ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืืžืช ื–ื”ื™ืจ. ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื‘ืคื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ืชืจ ื’ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืกื“ืจ ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ... ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ืจื—ืžื ื•ืช ืงืฆืช ืขืœ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืจ"ืžื™ื. ืœื ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืฉื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื™ืŸ ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืฉืชื™ืชื ืื•ืชื•...
ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ืื ืื“ื ื—ื’ื’ ืืช ืคื•ืจื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ื•ื ืื ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืขืœื” ืœืžื“ืจื’ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื™ืจืืช ื”', ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืงื•ืช, ืฉืœ ืฉืžื—ื”. ื–ื” ืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ืคื•ืจื™ื ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœืžื“ืจื’ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื•ืื—ืจื™ ืคื•ืจื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจืžื” ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”. ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉืžื—.
undefined

ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื

ืจืืฉ ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื‘ื™ืช ืืœ, ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ ืจื‘ ื”ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ืช ืืœ, ืžื™ื™ืกื“ ืขืจื•ืฅ 7. ืžืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื• ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืจืŸ ื”ืจืฆื™"ื” ื–ืฆ"ืœ ืœืงื•ืจื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื• ื”ืžืœืื™ื ืœื—ืฅ ื›ืืŸ.
ื•ื™ืงืจื
ื•ื™ืงืจื
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื

ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืžื”ื™ืจ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืืจื™ืืœ
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืืจื™ืืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื“ืจื•ืงืžืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื“ืจื•ืงืžืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื—ื™ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื—ื™ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ
  • ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื” ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื” ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื ืŸ ืคื•ืจืช ื–"ืœ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื ืŸ ืคื•ืจืช ื–"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื‘ ื‘ืขืจืœ ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื‘ ื‘ืขืจืœ ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื™ืจื•ื—ื ืกืžื•ื˜ืจื™ืฅ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื™ืจื•ื—ื ืกืžื•ื˜ืจื™ืฅ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื’
     ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื’
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืฉืืจ ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ื”ืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืฉืืจ ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ื”ืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื‘ืฉืœ ืื•ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืžื ื’ืœ ืฉื”ื•ื›ืฉืจ ื›ืจืื•ื™ ื™ื“ืœื™ืงื ื• ืžืืฉ ืžืฆื•ื™ื”
    ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืœื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื โ€“ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉื™ ื˜ื—ืŸ

    ื”ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื‘ืฉืœ ืื•ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืžื ื’ืœ ืฉื”ื•ื›ืฉืจ ื›ืจืื•ื™ ื™ื“ืœื™ืงื ื• ืžืืฉ ืžืฆื•ื™ื”

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉื™ ื˜ื—ืŸ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืจืฉืื™ ืœืฆืืช ืœื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืœ ื”ืžื•ืขื“ ืืฃ ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ ืืช ืจื›ื‘ื•
    ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืœื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื โ€“ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉื™ ื˜ื—ืŸ

    ืจืฉืื™ ืœืฆืืช ืœื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืœ ื”ืžื•ืขื“ ืืฃ ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ ืืช ืจื›ื‘ื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉื™ ื˜ื—ืŸ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืจืฉืื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืœืื›ื” ื’ืžื•ืจื” ื‘ื—ื•ืœ ื”ืžื•ืขื“ ืื ื ืฆืจืš ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื˜ื™ื•ืœื•
    ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืœื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื โ€“ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉื™ ื˜ื—ืŸ

    ืจืฉืื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืœืื›ื” ื’ืžื•ืจื” ื‘ื—ื•ืœ ื”ืžื•ืขื“ ืื ื ืฆืจืš ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื˜ื™ื•ืœื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉื™ ื˜ื—ืŸ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื‘ืงืจื‘ื” ืืœ ื”ืžืœืš
    40 ื“ืง'
    ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืคืจืงื™ื ืœืจืžื‘"ื

    ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื‘ืงืจื‘ื” ืืœ ื”ืžืœืš

    ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ 5

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ื‘ืžืฉืœ ื”ืืจืžื•ืŸ ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกื ืžืชื•ืš "ืžื•ืจื” ื”ื ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื", ื”ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืืช ื”ื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืงืจื‘ื” ืœื”' ื•ื‘ื”ื’ืฉืžืช ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื• ื”ืฉื›ืœื™ ื•ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื. ื“ืจืš ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื•ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ืืชื’ืจื™ ื”ืฉืขื”, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืขืžื•ืง, ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืคื’ืฉ ืขื ื”ื‘ื•ืจื.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืžืœืžื“ | ื•' ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืื–ื™ื ื• ืชืฉืคื– โ€“ ื™ื•ื ื›ื™ืคื•ืจ - ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืงื“ืฉื™ื
    57 ื“ืง'
    ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ืš - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•

    ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืื–ื™ื ื• ืชืฉืคื– โ€“ ื™ื•ื ื›ื™ืคื•ืจ - ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืงื“ืฉื™ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื• | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžื“ื•ืข ื”' ืžื ืกื” ืืช ื”ืื“ื - "ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ื ื ื™ืกื” ืืช ืื‘ืจื”ื"
    36 ื“ืง'
    ืขืฉืจืช ื™ืžื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”

    ืžื“ื•ืข ื”' ืžื ืกื” ืืช ื”ืื“ื - "ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ื ื ื™ืกื” ืืช ืื‘ืจื”ื"

    ื”' ืžื ืกื” ืืช ืื‘ืจื”ื ืžื“ื•ืข? ื”ืจื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืื ื™ืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืœืขื•ืจืจ ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื”
    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ืœืขื•ืจืจ ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื”

    ืžื™ ืฉืจื•ืื” ืฉื™ืœื“ื™ื• ืื™ื ื ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ืื• ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื›ืจืื•ื™, ื™ื‘ื“ื•ืง ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื• | ืœืื—ืจ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจื™ื ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ืขืจืš ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื” | ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืืช ื‘ื ื ืื• ื‘ืชื ืขืœ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”, ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ืขืฆืžื ืื ื”ื ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ื‘ืจืฆื™ื ื•ืช | ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“ ืฉื”ื ื–ื™ืคื•ืช ื‘ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžืขื˜ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืœืขื•ืžืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฉื‘ื— ื•ื”ืขื™ื“ื•ื“, ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืฉืชื“ืœ ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžื›ืขืก | ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ืขืœ ืื•ื•ื™ืจื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”, ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ืœืคื•ืช ื•ืžืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืžืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ื ืจืื” ืœื›ืื•ืจื”

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืกื•ื›ื”
    ื”ืกื•ื›ื” ื•ื”ืœื›ื•ืชื™ื”

    ื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืกื•ื›ื”

    ื”ืจื‘ ืื‘ื™ื—ื™ ืงืฆื™ืŸ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื
    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื”

    ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื

    ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืคืจืฉืช ื•ื–ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ื—ืœืง ื'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ื”"ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื" ืœื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืžืฉื” ืœืฉื‘ื˜ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ, ื–ื‘ื•ืœื•ืŸ, ื™ืฉืฉื›ืจ ื•ื’ื“ ื‘ืคืจืฉืช "ื•ื–ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื”". ื‘ืžื”ืœื›ื• ืžื ื•ืชื—ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช, ืœืฆื“ ืžืงื•ืžื• ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ื‘ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื”ืขื ื•ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืจืชื•.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ | ื•' ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืกื•ื“ ืจืื™ื™ืช ืžืฉื” ื•ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื
    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื”

    ืกื•ื“ ืจืื™ื™ืช ืžืฉื” ื•ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื

    ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืคืจืฉืช ื•ื–ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ื—ืœืง ื‘'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจื™ ื”"ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื" ืœื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ืชื•ืš ื”ืชืžืงื“ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ ื’ื“, ื“ืŸ ื•ืืฉืจ ื•ื‘ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืžืœื—ืžื•ืชื™ื”ื ื•ื‘ืจื›ื•ืชื™ื”ื. ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื ื‘ื—ื ื™ื ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืจืื” ืžืฉื” ืืช ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื”ืจ ื ื‘ื•, ืคื˜ื™ืจืชื•, ื•ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืฉืžื•ื ืช ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ | ื–' ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžืืžืจ ื›ื™ืคื•ืจ ืคื–
    ื™ื•ื ื›ื™ืคื•ืจ

    ืžืืžืจ ื›ื™ืคื•ืจ ืคื–

    ื”ืจื‘ ื ืชื ืืœ ื™ื•ืกื™ืคื•ืŸ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื—ื–ืจื” ืœื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉื•ืžื“ื™ื ืจ"ืœ
    ืฉื•"ืช "ื‘ืžืจืื” ื”ื‘ื–ืง"

    ื—ื–ืจื” ืœื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉื•ืžื“ื™ื ืจ"ืœ

    ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืขืœื•ืŸ ื—ืžื“ืช ื™ืžื™ื | ืื™ื™ืจ ื”'ืชืฉื "ื—
  • ื”ืื–ื™ื ื• โ€“ ืขื ื–ื• ื™ืฆืจืชื™
    27 ื“ืง'
    ื”ืื–ื™ื ื•

    ื”ืื–ื™ื ื• โ€“ ืขื ื–ื• ื™ืฆืจืชื™

    ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืžื’ืŸ ื•ืžืฆื™ืœ ืืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื™ ื—ื™ืจื•ื ื”ื•ื ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื•ื”ื™ืขื•ื“ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ ื”ืžื•ื ื— ืืš ื•ืจืง ืขืœ ื›ืชืคื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื“ ื›ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื• ื•ื‘ืกื’ื•ืœืชื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื—ื™ ื–ืื’ื | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ื“ืฃ ืงืœ"ื˜
    30 ื“ืง'
    ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ

    ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ื“ืฃ ืงืœ"ื˜

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ ืกื˜ืคื ืกืงื™ | ื”' ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžื›ืื‘ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœืื•ืจ ื”ืฉืžื—ื”
    43 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ

    ืžื›ืื‘ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœืื•ืจ ื”ืฉืžื—ื”

    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืคืจืง ื–, ื– | ืคืจืง ื—, ื-ื‘

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžืชื— ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืื‘ื™ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ื”ื™ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ื”ื ืคืฉื™ื™ื ื”ื ืœื•ื•ื™ื ืœื ื™ืชื•ืง ืžื”ื—ื˜ื, ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื•ื”ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขื•ืช ืžืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ื ืคืฉ. ื“ืจืš ืคืกืงืื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง ื‘ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ืžืชื‘ืืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื›ืื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืขื‘ืจ ืื™ื ื ื• ื’ื•ืจื ืœื™ื™ืื•ืฉ ืืœื ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืจื™ืคื•ื™ ืขืžื•ืง ื”ืžืจื•ืžื ืืช ื”ืื“ื.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ | ื“' ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”: ื”ืื•ืžื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืžืฆื™ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื—ื–ืจื”
    ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”

    ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”: ื”ืื•ืžื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืžืฆื™ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื—ื–ืจื”

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉื™ ื˜ื—ืŸ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืฆื•ื ื’ื“ืœื™ื”: ืžืฆืžื™ื—ืช ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ
    ืฆื•ื ื’ื“ืœื™ื”

    ืฆื•ื ื’ื“ืœื™ื”: ืžืฆืžื™ื—ืช ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžืขืžื™ืง ื‘ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืฆื•ื ื’ื“ืœื™ื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ืขืฉืจืช ื™ืžื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ื•ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื™ื™ืื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ืจื•ืฆื—ื™ ื’ื“ืœื™ื” ื”ื—ืจื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืœื”ืžืฉื›ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ. ื“ืจืš ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืœื’ืžืจื ื•ืœื—ื˜ื ื ื“ื‘ ื•ืื‘ื™ื”ื•ื, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื”ืžืกืจ ืฉื’ื ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืืฉ, ืืœื ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืžืœื™ืš ืืช ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”' ื•ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืืคืจื™ื•ืŸ | ื’' ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ื“ืฃ ืงืœ"ื—
    26 ื“ืง'
    ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ

    ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ื“ืฃ ืงืœ"ื—

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ ืกื˜ืคื ืกืงื™ | ื“' ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื”ืื–ื™ื ื• - ื–ื›ื•ืจ ื™ืžื•ืช ืขื•ืœื: ืžื” ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฆืœื™ื—?
    4 ื“ืง'
    ื”ืื–ื™ื ื•

    ื”ืื–ื™ื ื• - ื–ื›ื•ืจ ื™ืžื•ืช ืขื•ืœื: ืžื” ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฆืœื™ื—?

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืื™ืจ ื’ื•ืœื“ื•ื™ื›ื˜ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืืฃ ืฉืฉื™ื‘ื—ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ื ืฉืืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ืชื™ื”ื ื‘ื—ื’ ื•ื‘ื—ื•ืœ ื”ืžื•ืขื“
    ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืœื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื โ€“ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉื™ ื˜ื—ืŸ

    ืืฃ ืฉืฉื™ื‘ื—ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ื ืฉืืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ืชื™ื”ื ื‘ื—ื’ ื•ื‘ื—ื•ืœ ื”ืžื•ืขื“

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉื™ ื˜ื—ืŸ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื
ืื–ื•ืจ ืื™ืฉื™

ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœืš, ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื‘ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ื•ืœื”ืžืฉืš ืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื• ืขื–ื‘ืช ืื•ืชืŸ.

ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il