ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืžื“ื•ืจื™ื
  • ืœืื•ืจื•
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
undefined
4 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ื”ื•ืคืขืช ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื• ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื“"ืจ ืžื•ืจื™ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืขืžืืจ, ืชืงื ื•ืช ื—ื›ืžื™ ืคืืก - ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขืชื• ื”ื•ื. ืจืื•ื™ ื”ื•ื ืœืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืžืœื›ื™ื ื•ืœื”ื™ืžืฆื ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื‘ื™ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื”ืžืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื•, ื™ืœืžื“ ืฉื›ื•ื— ืชืงื ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื›ืžื™ ืคืืก ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ, ื•ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ ื•ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื‘ืคืจื˜ โ€“ ื™ืคื” ื”ื•ื ืœื ืจืง ืœืฉืขื” ืืœื ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช. ืžืชืงื ื•ืช ืืœื”, ืžื”ืŸ ื•ื‘ื”ืŸ, ืืคืฉืจ ื•ืืฃ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื—ืฆื•ื‘ ืื‘ื ื™ ืคื™ื ื” ืœืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื‘ืŸ ื™ืžื™ื ื• ื•ืœืชื•ืจืช ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื“ื, ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืžืฉืœื‘ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืจื›ื™ื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื™ื ื•ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื™ื, ืฉืจืื•ื™ โ€“ ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืืฃ ื—ื•ื‘ื” - ืœื”ื˜ืžื™ืขื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช, ื”ื™ื ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ.
ืชืจื•ืžื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžืฆื•ื™ื” ื‘ืชื•ืจืชื ืฉืœ "ื—ื›ืžื™ ื”ืžืขืจื‘", ื—ื›ืžื™ ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืืคืจื™ืงื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื•ื—ื›ืžื™ ืžืจื•ืงื• ื‘ืคืจื˜, ืฉื‘ืžืฉืš ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื ืชื™ืงื ื• ืชืงื ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืชื•ืจืช ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื“ื.
ืื›ืŸ, ื›ื“ืจื›ื•, ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ ื‘ื›ืœืœ โ€“ ื•ืชืงื ื•ืช ื—ื›ืžื™ ืคืืก ื‘ืคืจื˜ โ€“ ืื™ื ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ " ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื“ื" ืืœื ื‘" ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืื“ื". ื”"ื—ื•ื‘ื”" โ€“ ืœื ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช โ€“ ื•ืจืื™ื™ืช ื”ืื“ื ื›ืžึฐืฆื•ึถื•ื” โ€“ ื”ื™ื ืฉื ื™ืฆื‘ืช ื‘ืžื•ืงื“ื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืืš ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืงื™, ื•ืœื• ืžืขื˜, ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื™ึตื“ึทืข ืืœ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ื ื’ื“ ื›ืœ "ื—ื•ื‘ื”" ื ื™ืฆื‘ืช "ื–ื›ื•ืช", ื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ืŸ ืืœื ืฉื ื™ ืฆึดื“ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื” ืžื˜ื‘ืข.
ื•ื›ืš ื™ื•ืฆืจ ื”ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ ืฉื ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืคืจืฉื” ืฉืœื ื•, ื‘ืขืฉืจืช ื”ื“ื™ื‘ืจื•ืช, ื—ื•ื‘ืช "ืœื ืชืจืฆื—" ืืช ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช ื”ืžื•ื’ื“ืจืช ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ ื‘ืŸ ื™ืžื™ื ื• ื›ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, "ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื—ื™ื™ื"; ื•ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื” ื—ื•ื‘ืช "ืœื ืชื’ื ื•ื‘" ืžืฉืงืคืช ืืช "ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ". ื•ื ืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ื•ืœืŸ ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืขื™ืงืจื” ื‘ืžืขืฉื” ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื, ื”ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื‘ืกื™ืก ืœืขืฉืจื•ืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœืžื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื ืชื‘ื˜ื, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ, ื‘ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ ื”ืชืœืžื•ื“ื™ "ื›ื™ ืœื™ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื‘ื“ื™ื, ื›ื™ ืขื‘ื“ื™ ื”ื โ€“ ื•ืœื ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื“ื™ื".
ื›ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ื• ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืื“ื ื•ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื•ืช ืขืœ ื‘ืจื™ืืช ื”ืื“ื โ€“ ื›ืœ ืื“ื - ื‘ืฆืœื ืืœื•ืงื™ื, ืฉื–ื›ืจื” ื‘ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื•ืœืฆื“ื” ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ, ืฉื’ืœื•ืžื” ื‘ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ "ืœื ืชื›ื™ืจื• ืคื ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜", ืฉืžืžื ื• ื™ืชื“ ืžืžื ื• ืคื™ื ื” ืœืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื”ืคืœื™ื” ื•ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ ื‘ืŸ ื™ืžื™ื ื•.
ื”ืžืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ, "ืชืงื ื•ืช ืœื—ื›ืžื™ ืคืืก", ื™ืœืžื“ ืฉืขื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื, ื•ื‘ืžืฉืš ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื, ืขืฉื• ื—ื›ืžื™ ืคืืก ืœืชื™ืงื•ื ืŸ, ื‘ื™ืกื•ืกืŸ ื•ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืจืŸ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืื“ื ื•ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื•, ื•ืœื ื ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืœืŸ ืืœื ืžืงืฆืช ืฉื‘ืžืงืฆืช ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉื‘ื• ื–ื™ื›ื” ืื•ืชื ื• ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ. ื›ืš, ืœืžืฉืœ, ืื—ืช ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉื–ื›ื• ืœืขื™ื•ืŸ ืจื‘ ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ื ืกื•ื’ื™ืช ื”ืžืืกืจ ื‘ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื‘ ืื–ืจื—ื™ (ืžื•"ืจ ืžื ื—ื ืึตืœื•ืŸ ืข"ื” ื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืœื” ืžืงื•ื ืจื—ื‘ ื‘ืžื—ืงืจื™ื• ื‘ืฉื“ื” ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืขื‘ืจื™). ื•ื”ื ื”, ื‘ืกืคืจ ืฉืœืคื ื™ื ื• ืžืฆื•ื™ื” ืชืงื ื” ืฉื ืชืงื ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืœืคื ื™ ื›-500(!) ืฉื ื”, ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื ื™ืกืŸ ืฉื ืช ืฉ"ื” (1545), ืฉื–ื• ืœืฉื•ื ื”: "ื’ื ื›ืŸ ืชืงื ื ื• ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ื‘ืขืœ ื—ื•ื‘ ืืฉืจ ื™ืืกื•ืจ ืืช ื‘ืขืœ ื ืฉื™ื•ึน ืœื ื™ื›ื ื™ืกื ื• ืชื—ืช ืžื ืขื•ืœ ืืฃ ืื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืฉื˜ืจ ืฉื™ื›ื ืก ื‘ืžืืกืจ ืฉื™ืจืฆื” ืžื•ืฆื™ืื•. ื–ื•ืœืช ืื ื’ื–ืจื• ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ื ื™ื“ื•ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ืฆื ืžื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกื•ื”ืจ ื‘ืœื™ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืฉื [=ื”ื ื•ืฉื”] ื‘ื• - ื•ื™ืฆื, ืื• ืื ืืžื•ื“ ืœื‘ืจื•ื— - ืขื“ ืฉื™ื™ืชืŸ ืขืจื‘ ื‘ืขื“ื• ืฉื™ืคืจืข ื”ื•ื ืื ื™ื‘ืจื— ".
ืžืชืงื ื” ื–ื• ืœืžื“ื ื• ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื”ื™ื“ืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ ืคืืก ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืคืจื˜, ื‘ืงื‘ืขื ืฉืขืœ ื“ืจืš ื”ื›ืœืœ ืื™ืŸ ืœืฉืœื•ืœ ื—ื™ืจื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื ืจืง ื‘ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื‘ ื›ืกืคื™. ืืคื™ืœื• ื ืืžืจ ื‘ืฉื˜ืจ ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ื‘ืžืคื•ืจืฉ, ื›ืžื ื”ื’ ืื•ืชื ื™ืžื™ื, ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืžืœื•ื•ื” ืœืืกื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื•ืœืฉืœื• ืืช ื—ื™ืจื•ืชื• โ€“ ืื™ืŸ ืœืชื ื™ื” ื–ื• ืชื•ืงืฃ, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืžืขื™ืŸ ืชื ื™ื” "ื‘ืœืชื™ ื—ื•ืงื™ืช" ื•ื›ื–ื• ื”"ืžื ื•ื’ื“ืช ืœืชืงื ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ", ืฉื‘ื˜ืœื” ื”ื™ื ืžืขื™ืงืจื”. ื’ื ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื—ืจื™ื’, ืฉื‘ื• ื’ื–ืจื• "ื ื™ื“ื•ื™" ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื‘ "ืฉืœื ื™ืฆื ืžื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกื•ื”ืจ", ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ืืžื•ื“ ื”ื•ื ืœื‘ืจื•ื—" ื•ื™ืฉ ื—ืฉืฉ ืืžืชื™ ืฉื™ื™ืžืœื˜ ืžืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ, ืžืกื•ื™ื’ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื™ื“ืชื™, "ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืฉืื™ื ื” ืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ", ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ื—ืœื•ืคื” ืจืื•ื™ื” ื‘ื“ืžื•ืช ืขืจื‘ื•ืช ื›ืกืคื™ืช ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ื—ื•ื‘ โ€“ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ืื• ืœื—ื•ืคืฉื™.

ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื”ื“ื™ืจ ื”ืกืคืจ ืžืจืชืง ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช. ื“"ืจ ืžื•ืจื™ ืขืžืืจ ื ื•ืœื“ ื‘ืฉื ืช 1958 ื‘ืงื–ื‘ืœื ืงื” ืฉื‘ืžืจื•ืงื•, ืฉื ืœืžื“ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ "ืื ื”ื‘ื ื™ื" ื•ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช "ื ื•ื•ื” ืฉืœื•ื". ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ื‘ืŸ ืขืฉืจ ืœื™ืžื“ ืื•ืชื• ืื‘ื™ื• ืœืคืขื ื— ืืช ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื™ื“ ื”ืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื™ ืœื—ื›ืžื™ ื”ืžืขืจื‘, ื›ืชื‘ 'ื—ืฆื™ ืงื•ืœืžื•ืก' ื•ืœืคืขื ื— ืืช ื—ืชื™ืžื•ืช ื—ื›ืžื™ ืžืจื•ืงื• ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ืื•ืกืฃ ื›ืชื‘ื™ ื”ื™ื“ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™. ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื—ืจ ื™ืžื™ื• ื ืชื•ื•ื“ืข ืœื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื• ื”ืงืœืืกื™ ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืžืฉื” ื˜ื•ืœื™ื“ืื ื•, "ื ืจ ื”ืžืขืจื‘", ื•ืœื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ "ืžืœื›ื™ ืจื‘ื ืŸ" ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ืŸ ื ืื™ื, ื”ืกื•ืงืจื™ื ืืช ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื—ื›ืžื™ ืžืจื•ืงื•. ื‘ืฆืขื™ืจื•ืชื• ื ื—ืฉืฃ ืžื•ืจื™ ืขืžืืจ ืœื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ืชื‘ื™ ื™ื“ ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ืื•ืกืคื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื”ื—ืœื” ื”ืชืขื ื™ื™ื ื•ืชื• ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ืžืจื•ืงื• ื•ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื—ื›ืžื™ื” ืœืฆื“ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ืช ื”ืงืœืืกื™ืช ื•ืกืคืจื™ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื›ืœืœื™ื™ื. ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 17 ื”ื—ืœ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ืจืคื•ืื” ื‘ืฉื˜ืจืกื‘ื•ืจื’ ืฉื‘ืฆืจืคืช ื•ื”ื™ื” ืคืขื™ืœ ื‘ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืงื”ื™ืœืชื™ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื”. ืžืฉื”ื—ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื•ืœืคืจื ืก ืืช ืขืฆืžื•, ื™ื–ื ืืช ื”ื“ืคืกืช ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ืกืคืจื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” "ืžืขื ื” ืื‘ืจื”ื", "ืฉืžืข ืฉืžื•ืืœ" ื•"ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืฉืœื•ื ื•ืืžืช". ืœื™ืžื™ื, ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืœืื•ืจ ืฉื ื™ ื›ืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ืชืงื ื•ืช ื—ื›ืžื™ ืžื›ื ืืก ืฉื‘ื”ื ื ื›ืœืœ ื’ื ืื•ืกืฃ ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืžื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ื—ื›ืžื™ ืžืจื•ืงื• ื•ืื•ืกืฃ ืฉื›ื•ืœืœ ืืช ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ื—ืชื™ืžื•ืชื™ื”ื ื”ืžืืคืฉืจ ืคืขื ื•ื— ืฉืœ ื›ืชื‘ื™ ื™ื“ ื ื•ืกืคื™ื. ืžืฉืชืžื” ืžืœืื›ื” ื–ื•, ืคื ื” ืœืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื”ื‘ื: ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืขืžืœ - ื‘ื”ื•ืจืืช ื“ื•ื“ื• ื”ื“ื’ื•ืœ, ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืœื•ื ืžืฉืืฉ (ืจื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื) ืขืœ ื”ื”ื“ืจืช ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ "ืจืงื— ืžืจืงื—ืช", ืฉื™ืฆื ืœืื•ืจ ื‘ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื” ืžืฆื•ืžืฆืžืช, ืขื ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื‘ืฉื "ืื•ืจ ืžืื™ืจ", ื•ืืœื™ื”ื ื”ืงื“ื™ื ืžื‘ื•ื ืจื‘ ืขืจืš ืœืžืฉื ืชื• ื”ืคืจืฉื ื™ืช ื•ื”ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ, ืจื‘ื™ ืจืคืืœ ื‘ื™ืจื“ื•ื’ื•. ื“"ืจ ืขืžืืจ ื”ื•ื ื ืฆืจ ืœืฉื•ืฉืœืช ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืžืคื•ืืจืช. ืื‘ื™ื•, ืจื‘ื™ ืžืื™ืจ ืขืžืืจ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืœืฉืŸ ื•ืžื“ืงื“ืง ื—ืฉื•ื‘. ืœืฆื“ ืขื™ืกื•ืงื• ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ื™ื” ืื—ืจืื™ ืขืœ ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืžื›ื ืืก, ืคืขื™ืœ ื‘ืชื ื•ืขื” ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ืขื™ืจ, ืžื ื”ืœ ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ "ืื ื”ื‘ื ื™ื" ื‘ืงื–ื‘ืœื ืงื” ื•ืœื™ืžื™ื ื›ื™ื”ืŸ ื›ืจื‘ ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช ื‘ืคืืจื™ื–. ืกื‘ื•, ืจื‘ื™ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืžื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ ื”ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉื‘ืžื›ื ืืก, ื•ืื‘ื™ื•-ื–ืงื ื•, ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืœื•ื, ื”ื™ื” ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื ืคื˜ืจ ื‘ื“ืžื™ ื™ืžื™ื•, ื‘ืŸ ืœ''ื– ืฉื ื”, ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื•ืชื™ืจ ืื—ืจื™ื• ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ "ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืฉืœื•ื ื•ืืžืช". ืื—ื“ ืžืื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”, ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืžื•ืืœ, ื›ื™ื”ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื—ื™ื‘ืจ ืืช ืกืคืจ ื”ืฉื•"ืช "ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืžื•ืืœ", ืกืคืจ ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื "ืฉืžืข ืฉืžื•ืืœ", ื•ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื•ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืกืคื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื™ื“.
ื‘ื™ื•ื–ืžืช ื”ืžืจื›ื– ืœื”ื•ืจืืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ ื•ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื• ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ "ืฉืขืจื™ ืžื“ืข ื•ืžืฉืคื˜", ืชืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ืคืขืช ื”ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืœ "ืชืงื ื•ืช ื—ื›ืžื™ ืคืืก" ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืข ื—ื’ื™ื’ื™ ืฉื™ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ ื‘ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืขืจื‘, ื‘ื‘ื™ืช "ื™ื“ ื”ืจื‘ ื ืกื™ื" ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ, ื™ื™ืฉืื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืขืจื‘ ื–ื” ืขื•"ื“ ืžืฉื” ื ืกื™ื, ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ ืฉืจ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื•ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื; ืฉื•ืคื˜ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื ึนืขื ืกื•ืœื‘ืจื’; ืคืจื•ืค' ืžืฉื” ื‘ืจ ืืฉืจ, ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ื” ืœืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช; ื“"ืจ ืžื™ื›ืืœ ื•ื™ื’ื•ื“ื”, ืจืืฉ ื”ืžื—ืœืงื” ืœืžืฉืคื˜ ืขื‘ืจื™ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื, ื•ืขื•"ื“ ืืœื“ื“ ืคืจื™, ื™ื•"ืจ ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืคืจื™ ื ื“ืœ"ืŸ. ื“"ืจ ืžื•ืจื™ ืขืžืืจ, ืžื”ื“ื™ืจ ื”ืขืจื‘, ื™ื—ืชื•ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืืช ื”ืขืจื‘.
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il