ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ืœื•ื— ืฉื ื” ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช

ื”ืงื“ืฉืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืืชืจ

ื”ืงื“ืฉ

ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
 ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื
  • ืขืฉืจื” ื‘ื˜ื‘ืช
  • ื™ื•ื ื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ื”ื›ืœืœื™
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช

ืฉืจืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื” ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื’ืจื™ืŸ ืœืขื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืฉืžืช ื™ืงื™ืจื™ื”ื

ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”
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1858
5 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื” โ€ข 43 ื“ืง' ืฆืคื™ื”
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืœื“ืจืšืื–ื•ืจ ืฉื•ืจื˜ื™ืืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ืืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขืกื“ืจื•ืชืกืคืจื™ื”ืคืกืงื™ ื“ื™ืŸื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš
ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืื™ืคื” ื”ื™ื” ืืœื•ืงื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ืื”. ืืš ื™ืฉ ืฉืืœื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืœืคื ื™ ื–ื”, ืื™ืคื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืฉื•ืื”. ืื™ืš ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืœื‘ ื”ื™ื‘ืฉืช ื”ื ืื•ืจื” ื”ืžื•ืกืจื™ืช, ื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ื”ืคืฉืข ื”ื›ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช?
ื™ืฉ ืชื—ืงื™ืจ ืฉื ืงืจื ืจืง ื˜ื™ืกื” ืื—ืช. ืฉื ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืฉืืœื” ื”ืื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”, ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื™ื“ืขื• ืขืœ ืจืฆื— ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื. ื•ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฉื”ื ื™ื“ืขื•. ื•ื ืฉืืœืช ื”ืฉืืœื” ืœืžื” ืœื ื ืชื ื• ืคืงื•ื“ื” ืœืคื•ืฆืฅ ืืช ืžืกื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื–ืœ ื•ืชืื™ ื”ื’ื–ื™ื. ื•ืžืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื’ืจืžื ื™ื ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืขื ืจืฆื— ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื. ื”ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ืขื“ื™ืคื• ืœื”ืชืขืœื ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื˜ื™ืกื” ืื—ืช ื”ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืฉื™ืคืฆื™ืฅ ืืช ื”ืžื›ื ื•ืช.
ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ืœืฆื™ืงืœื•ืŸ B ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื”ื™ื’ื™ื™ื ื”, ื•ืžื™ ืฉื”ืžืฆื™ื ื”ื–ื“ืขื–ืข ืžื›ืš ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื–ื” ืœืจืฆื—. ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืงืฉืจื™ื, ื•ื”ืชืืžืฅ ืœืกืคืจ ืœืืคื™ืคื™ื•ืจ ืžื” ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืขื ื”ื’ื– ืœื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื. ื•ื”ื ืฆื™ืคื• ืฉื‘ื“ืจืฉืช ื—ื’ ื”ืžื•ืœื“ ื”ืืคื™ืคื™ื•ืจ ื™ืงืจื ืœื ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื. ืืš ื”ื•ื ืžืกื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ืจืฉื” ื•ืœื ืื•ืžืจ ื›ืœื•ื ืขืœ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื. ืœืกืจื˜ ืฉืžืกืคืจ ืขืœ ื–ื” ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืืžืŸ. ืืžืŸ ื–ื” ืืžืช. ื”ืกืจื˜ ื”ื–ื” ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ืฉื”ื’ืจืžื ื™ื ืจืฆื—ื• ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ืชื™ื•ืช, ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ื›ื ืกื™ื” ืขืžื“ ื‘ืฆื“ ื•ืืžืจ ืืžืŸ, ื”ื ืœื ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื• ื‘ื›ืœืœ. ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื ืื•ืจ ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืฆื“ ื•ืื•ืžืจ ืืžืŸ.
ืฉืืœืช ื”ืฉื•ืื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืœื ืขืœ ืืœื•ืงื™ื ืืœื ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื.
ื”ื™ื” ืคืื ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืชื•ืช ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ืฉืืœืช ืื™ืคื” ื”ื™ื” ืืœื•ืงื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ืื”. ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืคื’ื ื” ื‘ื›ื ื™ืกื” ื•ืื—ื“ ื”ืฉืœื˜ื™ื ืฉืืœ ืื™ืคื” ื”ื™ื• ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ืื”.
ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืชืขืกืงื•ืช ื‘ืฉืชื™ืงืช ืืœื•ืงื™ื ื–ื” ื“ืคื•ืก ืžื•ื›ืจ ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื. ืฉื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืชืขืกืง ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช, ืžื’ืœื’ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ืื—ืจื™ื. ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื–ื” ืืœื•ืงื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื–ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื. ื”' ืื•ืžืจ ืœืื“ื ืœื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืžืขืฅ ืื—ื“, ื•ื›ืฉืื“ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืื•ื›ืœ ื”ื•ื ืžืืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืื™ืฉื”, ื”ืื™ืฉื” ืื•ืžืจืช ื”ื ื—ืฉ, ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื’ืœื’ืœ ืืช ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช. ื•ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื›ื•ืœื ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ.
ื”ื ื˜ื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืืกื•ื ื•ืช. ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืจืข ื•ืกื‘ืœ, ื™ืฉ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืขื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืงืฉื™ื ,ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช ืฉื›ืฉืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืœืœ ื”ืฆืจื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืื—ืจืื™ ื”ื•ื ืœื ื”', ืืœื ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื. ืื“ื ืฉื ืจืฆื—ื• ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื• ื‘ืคื™ื’ื•ืข ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืืฉื™ื ืืช ื”'. ืืš ืœื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฆื•ื ืืžื™ ืื• ื‘ืชื•ืคืขืช ื˜ื‘ืข, ืืœื ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ื’ื•ืจื ืื ื•ืฉื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื•.
ืื™ื•ื•ืœืช ืื“ื ืชืกืœืฃ ื“ืจื›ื• ื•. ืื“ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืจืข ืœืขื•ืœื. ืฉื•ื“ ืจืฆื— ื”ืชืขืœืœื•ืช ื•ื›ื•', ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื, ื•ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืœืžื” ื”' ืขืฉื”, ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืกื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืจื•ืข. ื‘ืืกื•ืŸ ื”ืชืื•ืžื™ื ืœื ื”ืืฉื™ืžื• ืืช ื”', ืืœื ื ืœื—ืžื• ื‘ื˜ืจื•ืจ ืขื“ ื”ืกื•ืฃ.
ื•ืื ื›ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืืœืช ืืœื•ืงื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ืื”, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืืช ืฉืืœืช ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืฉื•ืื”.
ื™ืฉ ืžื” ืฉืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ื• ืืš ื”ืจื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื“ื ื•.
ืื ื›ืŸ ื ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืฉืืœืช ืืœื•ืงื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ืื” ื™ืฉ 3 ื”ืขืจื•ืช.
1. ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื›ืฉืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•ืื” ื”ื ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืžื” ื–ื” ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื ื•, ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืื™ื–ื” ื—ื˜ื? ื™ืฉ ืฉื™ื’ื™ื“ื• ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื”, ื™ืฉ ืฉื™ื’ื™ื“ื• ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื•ืช, ื™ืฉ ืฉื™ื’ื™ื“ื• ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ืœืฆื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ื™ืฉืืจื•ืช ื‘ื’ืœื•ืช. ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืœื”ื›ืœ ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ืฉื•ืื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ืืžื™ืจื” ื–ื• ื–ื” ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ื”' ื ื•ืจื. ื”ื™ื ืžืชื‘ืกืกืช ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื”ื•ื ืฉื›ืจ ื•ืขื•ื ืฉ, ื•ื–ื” ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ื›ื™ ื–ื” ืจืง ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ืฉืœ ื”'. ืขืงื“ืช ื™ืฆื—ืง ื–ื” ืœื ืขื•ื ืฉ, ืืœื ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ. ื”ืจืžื—"ืœ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”' ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉ 8 ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืžื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืจืขื™ื ืงื•ืจื™ื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื, ื•ืื—ืช ืžื”ื ื–ื” ืขื•ื ืฉ, ืืš ืžืœื‘ื“ื ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“7 ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช. ื”' ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ. ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื—ื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื”' ืžื”ืฉืืœื” ืœืžื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืฉื•ืื” ื•ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœืžื” ื–ื” ืžื•ืฆื“ืง. ืืš ืœื ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœืชืจืฅ ืขืœ ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช, ืจืืฉื™ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช, ืฉืžืชื• ื‘ืฉื•ืื”.
ื‘ืกืคืจ ืื™ื•ื‘ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื• ื–ื›ื•ืจ ื ื ืžื™ ื”ื•ื ื ืงื™ ื•ืื‘ื“, ืื ื‘ืื• ืขืœื™ืš ืฆืจื•ืช ื›ื ืจืื” ืฉืืชื” ืœื ื ืงื™, ื•ืื™ื•ื‘ ืœื ืžืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืชื™ืจื•ืฅ ื”ื–ื”. ื”ื•ื ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ืขืœ ื—ืคื•ืชื•. ื•ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืกืคืจ ื”' ืžืฆื“ื™ืง ืืช ืื™ื•ื‘. ื”' ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ, ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืชื™ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื–ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื›ืš ืื• ืื—ืจืช ื–ื” ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ื”', ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ื–ื›ืจ ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช. ื–ื” ื”ื’ืžื“ืช ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื”' ืจืง ืœืฉื›ืจ ื•ืขื•ื ืฉ.
2.ื›ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ื”'. ื’ื ืœืจืข ื•ื’ื ืœื˜ื•ื‘. ืื ื ืฉืžืข ืขืœ ืขื ืฉืื—ืจื™ ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืกื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืžืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ืงื™ื ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขื•ืฆืžืชื™ืช ื•ื›ื•', ื•ื ืฉืืœ ื›ืžื” ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืคืœ ืœืขืœื™ื”. ืœืคื™ ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื–ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื ื™ืžื•ื 300 ืฉื ื”. ืืš ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืฆืœื™ื— ื”ื”ืจื’ืข ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื•ืื” ื”ื ื•ืจืื”, ืœืขื ืžืคื•ืชื— ืขื ืฆื‘ื ื•ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื•ื›ื•', ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ื‘3 ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“.
ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืจืขื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื, ืืš ื™ืฉ ื’ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื. ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืื™ืŸ ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืœื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื˜ื•ื‘. ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื›ืœ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื ื’ื ืœื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื’ื ืœืจืข. ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื’ืŸ ืขื“ืŸ, ื–ื” ืื—ื“ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื. ื›ืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื—ื–ืจื• ื”ื‘ื™ื™ืชื” ื›ื™ ื–ื” ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื•. ื›ืžื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ืงื•ื ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ื›ื•'.
3. ื›ืฉืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืกืคืจ 6 ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืงืฉื” ืœื ื• ืžืื•ื“. ืื ื ื’ื™ื“ ืฉื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืจืง 3 ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฉืืœื” ื•ืืคื™ืœื• 10,000, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• 100 ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื‘ืœื• ืœื˜ื‘ื— ื‘ืœื™ ืขื•ื•ืŸ, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืจืง ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืื—ื“, ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฉืืœื”. ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื™ื ืื•ืชื” ืฉืืœื”. ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื™ื ืœืžื” ืงื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื. ื”ืฉื•ืื” ื–ื” ืœื ื’'ื•ืงืจ ืฉื˜ื•ืจืฃ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืงืœืคื™ื, ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื. "ืœื ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืชื™ ื›ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืชื™ื›ื". ื”ืฉืืœื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื ื‘ื’ืœืœ 6 ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ืืœื ื›ื™ ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื. ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื” ืขื•ืžื“ ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืงื•ื, ืžื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ื•ื›ื•'. ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืขื ื•ื•ื”, ื•ืกื‘ืœื ื•ืช ืœื“ืขืช ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื•.
ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืฉื•ืื” ื”ื™ื• ืœื ืžืขื˜ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื™ืชื•ืžื™ื ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืœืืจืฅ ื•ื”ื™ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื—ืœืง ืื•ืชื ืœืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืžืืžืฆื•ืช. ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืฉื ื™ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืื—ื“ ื ืคืชืœื™, ื•ืื—ื“ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืื™ืจ. ืฉื ื™ื”ื ืื—ื™ื ืœืžืฉืคื—ืช ืœืื•. ืื‘ื™ื”ื ื”ื™ื” ืจ' ื—ื™ื™ื ืžืฉื” ืœืื•. ื•ืžื™ื“ ืœืงื—ื• ืื•ืชื ืœื ืฆื™ื’ ืื’ื•ื“ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ืžื™ ืฉืื™ืžืฅ ืื•ืชื ื”ื™ื” ื”ืื“ืžื•"ืจ ืžื’ื•ืจ. ื ืคืชืœื™ ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื ืงืœ ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ ืื™ืชื•. ื”ื•ื ืขืฆืžื• ืื™ื‘ื“ ืื™ืฉื” ื•ืฉื ื™ ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ื•ื”ื•ื ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืชืง. ืคืขื ืื—ืช ื”ืื“ืžื•"ืจ ื”ืฆื™ืข ืœื ืคืชืœื™ ืœืฆืืช ืœื˜ื™ื™ืœ, ื•ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ื˜ื™ื•ืœ ื”ืจื‘ ืขื•ืฆืจ ื•ืฉื•ืืœ ืืช ื ืคืชืœื™ ืื ื”ื•ื ืจืื” ื”ื›ืœ, ืืช ื”ื›ื‘ืฉื ื™ื, ื”ืขืฉืŸ ื•ื›ื•', ื•ืื– ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ืืœ ืื•ืชื• "ืจืื™ืช ืืช ื”' ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืขืฉืŸ". ื’ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืขืฉืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื”' ื ืžืฆื. ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื•ื ืœื ื”ืคืงืจ.
ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื ืคืฉ ืฉืœื ื•. ืื™ืคื” ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืฉื•ืื”, ื•ื’ื ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื•.
ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืฆืจื™ืš ื‘ื™ื•ื ื–ื” ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืื™ืš ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
"ื ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื•ื’ื ื–ืงื ืชื™ ื•ืœื ืจืื™ืชื™ ืฆื“ื™ืง ื ืขื–ื‘". ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื ื™ืฆืœื•ืช ืฉื•ืื” ืฉื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉืฉืžืขื” ืืช ื–ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืงืžื” ื•ืฆื•ืขืงืช "ืื ื™ ืจืื™ืชื™".
ืžื” ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœืฉืืœื” ื”ื–ื•, ืื™ืš ื“ื•ื“ ืื•ืžืจ ืืช ื–ื” ื”ืจื™ ืจืื™ื ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืฉื ื˜ื‘ื—ื•, ืžืกืขื•ืช ืฆืœื‘ ื•ื›ื•'. ืžื” ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื“ื•ื“?
ืืกืชืจ ืื•ืžืจืช ื‘ืžื’ื™ืœื” "ืื™ื›ื›ื” ืื•ื›ืœ ื•ืจืื™ืชื™ ื‘ืจืขื” ืืฉืจ ื™ืžืฆื ืืช ืขืžื™" ื”ื™ื ืื•ืžืจืช ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืžื”ืฆื“ ื›ืฉืขื ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืฆืจื”. ืื™ืš ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืžื”ืฆื“.
ื“ื•ื“ ืื•ืžืจ ืื ื™ ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืจืื™ืชื™ ืื“ื ื‘ืฆืจื” ื•ืขืžื“ืชื™ ื‘ืฆื“, ืืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ื ืœื—ืžืชื™ ื‘ืจืข, ื•ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืงื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
ื‘ื”ืงื“ืžื” ืœืื ืฆื™ืงืœื•ืคื“ื™ื” ื”ืชืœืžื•ื“ื™ืช ื”ืจื‘ ืžืื™ืจ ื‘ืจ ืื™ืœืŸ ืฉื•ืืœ ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืฉื•ืื” ืœืงื•ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ? ื•ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืื ื ื—ืจื‘ื• ื‘ืชื™ ื›ื ืกื™ื•ืช ื‘ื’ืจืžื ื™ื” ื•ืคื•ืœื™ืŸ, ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืงื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืชื—ืชื™ื”ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืื ื ืจืฆื—ื• ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื’ืจืžื ื™ื”, ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื•ืœื™ื“ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืื ืฉืœื™ืฉ ืžื”ื ื ื›ื—ื“ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื.
ืืช ื”ืื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืกื“ ื•ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ืฉืขืœื• ื›ืงืจื‘ืŸ, ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื—ืช ืื•ืชื• ื•ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืื•ืจ, ื—ืกื“, ื•ื–ื• ื”ื ื—ืžื” ืฉืœื ื•.




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ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœื‘ื™ื

ืžื ื”ืœ ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ ื‘ืžื•ืงื“ "ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืงืฉื™ื‘ื™ื", ืžืจืืฉื™ ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืงื”ืœื™ื ื•ืžืจื‘ื ื™ ืžืจื›ื– ื‘ืจืงืื™.
ื™ื•ื ื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ื”ื›ืœืœื™
ื™ื•ื ื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ื”ื›ืœืœื™
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื

ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืžื”ื™ืจ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืฆื‘ื™ ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืฆื‘ื™ ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ
  • ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืคื™ืจื ื–ืฆื•ืง"ืœ
     ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืคื™ืจื ื–ืฆื•ืง"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืืจื™ืืœ
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืืจื™ืืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื“ื•ื“ืงื‘ื™ืฅ'
     ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื“ื•ื“ืงื‘ื™ืฅ'
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืงื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืงื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืื™ืจ ืœืื•
     ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืื™ืจ ืœืื•
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื›ืžืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื›ืžืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื’
     ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื’
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืจ
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืจ
  • ื”ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื‘ืฉืœ ืื•ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืžื ื’ืœ ืฉื”ื•ื›ืฉืจ ื›ืจืื•ื™ ื™ื“ืœื™ืงื ื• ืžืืฉ ืžืฆื•ื™ื”
    ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืœื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื โ€“ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉื™ ื˜ื—ืŸ

    ื”ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื‘ืฉืœ ืื•ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืžื ื’ืœ ืฉื”ื•ื›ืฉืจ ื›ืจืื•ื™ ื™ื“ืœื™ืงื ื• ืžืืฉ ืžืฆื•ื™ื”

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉื™ ื˜ื—ืŸ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืจืฉืื™ ืœืฆืืช ืœื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืœ ื”ืžื•ืขื“ ืืฃ ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ ืืช ืจื›ื‘ื•
    ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืœื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื โ€“ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉื™ ื˜ื—ืŸ

    ืจืฉืื™ ืœืฆืืช ืœื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืœ ื”ืžื•ืขื“ ืืฃ ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ ืืช ืจื›ื‘ื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉื™ ื˜ื—ืŸ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืจืฉืื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืœืื›ื” ื’ืžื•ืจื” ื‘ื—ื•ืœ ื”ืžื•ืขื“ ืื ื ืฆืจืš ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื˜ื™ื•ืœื•
    ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืœื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื โ€“ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉื™ ื˜ื—ืŸ

    ืจืฉืื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืœืื›ื” ื’ืžื•ืจื” ื‘ื—ื•ืœ ื”ืžื•ืขื“ ืื ื ืฆืจืš ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื˜ื™ื•ืœื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉื™ ื˜ื—ืŸ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื‘ืงืจื‘ื” ืืœ ื”ืžืœืš
    40 ื“ืง'
    ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืคืจืงื™ื ืœืจืžื‘"ื

    ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื‘ืงืจื‘ื” ืืœ ื”ืžืœืš

    ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ 5

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ื‘ืžืฉืœ ื”ืืจืžื•ืŸ ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกื ืžืชื•ืš "ืžื•ืจื” ื”ื ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื", ื”ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืืช ื”ื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืงืจื‘ื” ืœื”' ื•ื‘ื”ื’ืฉืžืช ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื• ื”ืฉื›ืœื™ ื•ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื. ื“ืจืš ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื•ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ืืชื’ืจื™ ื”ืฉืขื”, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืขืžื•ืง, ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืคื’ืฉ ืขื ื”ื‘ื•ืจื.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืžืœืžื“ | ื•' ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืื–ื™ื ื• ืชืฉืคื– โ€“ ื™ื•ื ื›ื™ืคื•ืจ - ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืงื“ืฉื™ื
    57 ื“ืง'
    ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ืš - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•

    ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืื–ื™ื ื• ืชืฉืคื– โ€“ ื™ื•ื ื›ื™ืคื•ืจ - ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืงื“ืฉื™ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื• | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžื“ื•ืข ื”' ืžื ืกื” ืืช ื”ืื“ื - "ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ื ื ื™ืกื” ืืช ืื‘ืจื”ื"
    36 ื“ืง'
    ืขืฉืจืช ื™ืžื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”

    ืžื“ื•ืข ื”' ืžื ืกื” ืืช ื”ืื“ื - "ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ื ื ื™ืกื” ืืช ืื‘ืจื”ื"

    ื”' ืžื ืกื” ืืช ืื‘ืจื”ื ืžื“ื•ืข? ื”ืจื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืื ื™ืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืœืขื•ืจืจ ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื”
    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ืœืขื•ืจืจ ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื”

    ืžื™ ืฉืจื•ืื” ืฉื™ืœื“ื™ื• ืื™ื ื ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ืื• ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื›ืจืื•ื™, ื™ื‘ื“ื•ืง ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื• | ืœืื—ืจ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจื™ื ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ืขืจืš ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื” | ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืืช ื‘ื ื ืื• ื‘ืชื ืขืœ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”, ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ืขืฆืžื ืื ื”ื ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ื‘ืจืฆื™ื ื•ืช | ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“ ืฉื”ื ื–ื™ืคื•ืช ื‘ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžืขื˜ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืœืขื•ืžืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฉื‘ื— ื•ื”ืขื™ื“ื•ื“, ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืฉืชื“ืœ ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžื›ืขืก | ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ืขืœ ืื•ื•ื™ืจื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”, ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ืœืคื•ืช ื•ืžืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืžืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ื ืจืื” ืœื›ืื•ืจื”

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืกื•ื›ื”
    ื”ืกื•ื›ื” ื•ื”ืœื›ื•ืชื™ื”

    ื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืกื•ื›ื”

    ื”ืจื‘ ืื‘ื™ื—ื™ ืงืฆื™ืŸ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื
    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื”

    ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื

    ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืคืจืฉืช ื•ื–ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ื—ืœืง ื'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ื”"ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื" ืœื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืžืฉื” ืœืฉื‘ื˜ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ, ื–ื‘ื•ืœื•ืŸ, ื™ืฉืฉื›ืจ ื•ื’ื“ ื‘ืคืจืฉืช "ื•ื–ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื”". ื‘ืžื”ืœื›ื• ืžื ื•ืชื—ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช, ืœืฆื“ ืžืงื•ืžื• ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ื‘ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื”ืขื ื•ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืจืชื•.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ | ื•' ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืกื•ื“ ืจืื™ื™ืช ืžืฉื” ื•ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื
    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื”

    ืกื•ื“ ืจืื™ื™ืช ืžืฉื” ื•ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื

    ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืคืจืฉืช ื•ื–ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ื—ืœืง ื‘'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจื™ ื”"ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื" ืœื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ืชื•ืš ื”ืชืžืงื“ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ ื’ื“, ื“ืŸ ื•ืืฉืจ ื•ื‘ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืžืœื—ืžื•ืชื™ื”ื ื•ื‘ืจื›ื•ืชื™ื”ื. ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื ื‘ื—ื ื™ื ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืจืื” ืžืฉื” ืืช ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื”ืจ ื ื‘ื•, ืคื˜ื™ืจืชื•, ื•ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืฉืžื•ื ืช ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ | ื–' ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžืืžืจ ื›ื™ืคื•ืจ ืคื–
    ื™ื•ื ื›ื™ืคื•ืจ

    ืžืืžืจ ื›ื™ืคื•ืจ ืคื–

    ื”ืจื‘ ื ืชื ืืœ ื™ื•ืกื™ืคื•ืŸ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื—ื–ืจื” ืœื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉื•ืžื“ื™ื ืจ"ืœ
    ืฉื•"ืช "ื‘ืžืจืื” ื”ื‘ื–ืง"

    ื—ื–ืจื” ืœื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉื•ืžื“ื™ื ืจ"ืœ

    ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืขืœื•ืŸ ื—ืžื“ืช ื™ืžื™ื | ืื™ื™ืจ ื”'ืชืฉื "ื—
  • ื”ืื–ื™ื ื• โ€“ ืขื ื–ื• ื™ืฆืจืชื™
    27 ื“ืง'
    ื”ืื–ื™ื ื•

    ื”ืื–ื™ื ื• โ€“ ืขื ื–ื• ื™ืฆืจืชื™

    ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืžื’ืŸ ื•ืžืฆื™ืœ ืืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื™ ื—ื™ืจื•ื ื”ื•ื ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื•ื”ื™ืขื•ื“ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ ื”ืžื•ื ื— ืืš ื•ืจืง ืขืœ ื›ืชืคื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื“ ื›ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื• ื•ื‘ืกื’ื•ืœืชื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื—ื™ ื–ืื’ื | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ื“ืฃ ืงืœ"ื˜
    30 ื“ืง'
    ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ

    ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ื“ืฃ ืงืœ"ื˜

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ ืกื˜ืคื ืกืงื™ | ื”' ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžื›ืื‘ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœืื•ืจ ื”ืฉืžื—ื”
    43 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ

    ืžื›ืื‘ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœืื•ืจ ื”ืฉืžื—ื”

    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืคืจืง ื–, ื– | ืคืจืง ื—, ื-ื‘

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžืชื— ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืื‘ื™ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ื”ื™ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ื”ื ืคืฉื™ื™ื ื”ื ืœื•ื•ื™ื ืœื ื™ืชื•ืง ืžื”ื—ื˜ื, ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื•ื”ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขื•ืช ืžืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ื ืคืฉ. ื“ืจืš ืคืกืงืื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง ื‘ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ืžืชื‘ืืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื›ืื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืขื‘ืจ ืื™ื ื ื• ื’ื•ืจื ืœื™ื™ืื•ืฉ ืืœื ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืจื™ืคื•ื™ ืขืžื•ืง ื”ืžืจื•ืžื ืืช ื”ืื“ื.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ | ื“' ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”: ื”ืื•ืžื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืžืฆื™ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื—ื–ืจื”
    ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”

    ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”: ื”ืื•ืžื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืžืฆื™ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื—ื–ืจื”

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉื™ ื˜ื—ืŸ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืฆื•ื ื’ื“ืœื™ื”: ืžืฆืžื™ื—ืช ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ
    ืฆื•ื ื’ื“ืœื™ื”

    ืฆื•ื ื’ื“ืœื™ื”: ืžืฆืžื™ื—ืช ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžืขืžื™ืง ื‘ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืฆื•ื ื’ื“ืœื™ื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ืขืฉืจืช ื™ืžื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ื•ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื™ื™ืื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ืจื•ืฆื—ื™ ื’ื“ืœื™ื” ื”ื—ืจื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืœื”ืžืฉื›ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ. ื“ืจืš ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืœื’ืžืจื ื•ืœื—ื˜ื ื ื“ื‘ ื•ืื‘ื™ื”ื•ื, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื”ืžืกืจ ืฉื’ื ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืืฉ, ืืœื ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืžืœื™ืš ืืช ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”' ื•ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืืคืจื™ื•ืŸ | ื’' ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ื“ืฃ ืงืœ"ื—
    26 ื“ืง'
    ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ

    ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ื“ืฃ ืงืœ"ื—

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ ืกื˜ืคื ืกืงื™ | ื“' ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื”ืื–ื™ื ื• - ื–ื›ื•ืจ ื™ืžื•ืช ืขื•ืœื: ืžื” ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฆืœื™ื—?
    4 ื“ืง'
    ื”ืื–ื™ื ื•

    ื”ืื–ื™ื ื• - ื–ื›ื•ืจ ื™ืžื•ืช ืขื•ืœื: ืžื” ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฆืœื™ื—?

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืื™ืจ ื’ื•ืœื“ื•ื™ื›ื˜ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืืฃ ืฉืฉื™ื‘ื—ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ื ืฉืืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ืชื™ื”ื ื‘ื—ื’ ื•ื‘ื—ื•ืœ ื”ืžื•ืขื“
    ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืœื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื โ€“ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉื™ ื˜ื—ืŸ

    ืืฃ ืฉืฉื™ื‘ื—ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ื ืฉืืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ืชื™ื”ื ื‘ื—ื’ ื•ื‘ื—ื•ืœ ื”ืžื•ืขื“

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉื™ ื˜ื—ืŸ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื
ืื–ื•ืจ ืื™ืฉื™

ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœืš, ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื‘ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ื•ืœื”ืžืฉืš ืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื• ืขื–ื‘ืช ืื•ืชืŸ.

ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il