ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืžื“ื•ืจื™ื
  • ื—ืžื“ืช ื™ืžื™ื
  • ืฉื•"ืช "ื‘ืžืจืื” ื”ื‘ื–ืง"
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
  • ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืžื“ื™ื ื”
  • ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื—ื‘ืจื”
  • ื’ืจื™ื
undefined
4 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
(ืžืชื•ืš ื—"ื’)

ืžื™ืœืื ื•, ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื” Milan, Italy
ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉื "ื’


ืฉืืœื”
ืจืื™ื ื• ื›ืชื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ื” ืœื ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืฉื•ื ืžืงื•ื ื’ื™ื•ืจื, ืืœื ืฉืžื "ืืœื™ื”ื• ื‘ืŸ ืื‘ืจื”ื" ื•"ื“ื ื™ืืœื” ื‘ืช ืื‘ืจื”ื" ื•ืกื›ื•ื ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื” "ื›ืกืฃ ื–ื•ื–ื™ ืžืื”" ื•ืœื ื›ืชื•ื‘ "ื‘ืŸ / ื‘ืช ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื•", ื•ืœื "ื’ื™ื•ืจืชื ื“ื". ื”ืื ื›ืชื•ื‘ื” ื›ื–ืืช ื›ืฉืจื” ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“, ื•ืื ืœื, ืžื” ืชืงื ืชื”?

ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”
ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ื’ืจื™ื ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื™ืฉ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘ื” ืืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ื”ื™ื•ืชื• (ื•/ืื• ื”ื™ื•ืชื”) ื’ืจ (ื’ื™ื•ืจืช) 1 , ื•ื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ื–ื”: "ืืžืจ ื”ื—ืชืŸ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื‘ืŸ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• (ืื• ื™ืขืงื‘ ื‘ืŸ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื”ื’ืจ) ืœื”ื“ื ื’ื™ื•ืจืชื 2 ืจื—ืœ ื‘ืช ืื‘ืจื”ื [ืื•: ืœื’ื™ื•ืจืชื ื“ื 3 ืื•: ืœืจื—ืœ ื‘ืช ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• 4 ]" ื•ื›ื•', ื›ืš ืฉืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ื•ื“ืข ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื’ื™ื•ืจ. ืืžื ื, ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“, ืื ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื” ื ื›ืชื‘ื” ื‘ืœื ื–ื”, ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื” ื›ืฉืจื” 5 .


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1 ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ืจื“ื‘"ื– (ื—"ื ืกื™' ืงืค) ืฉื”ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ื’ื™ื•ืจืช ืฉื”ืืฉื” ื’ื™ื•ืจืช. ื•ื›ืŸ ืคืกืง ื”ืจ"ื“ ืขืจืืž"ื” (ื”ื•ื‘ืื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื‘"ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื", ื›ืจืš ื™ื—, ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช - ื ื•ืกื— ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื”, ืกืขื™ืฃ ืงื  ืขืž' 97) ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘ืชื” ื›ืŸ, ืฉืžื ื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื” ื•ื™ืฉืื ื” ื›ื”ืŸ ืขืœ-ืคื™ ื›ืชื•ื‘ืชื”.
ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจืžื‘"ื (ื”ืœ' ื™ื‘ื•ื ื•ื—ืœื™ืฆื” ืค"ื“ ื”ืœ' ืœื“) ืฉื›ืชื‘, ืฉื‘ื’ืจื•ืฉื” ืืœืžื ื” ื•ืฉื‘ื•ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘ื”, ืฉื”ืืฉื” ื”ื™ื ื” ื’ืจื•ืฉื” ื•ื›ื•', ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื›ืฉืœ ื‘ื” ื›ื”ืŸ. ื•ืืœื• ื‘ื’ื™ื•ืจืช ืœื ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื–ืืช ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘ืชื”. ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจ"ื“ ืขืจืืžื” ืฉื ืจืื” ืฉื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืกื•ื‘ืจ, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ื›ืŸ, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืœื’ื™ื•ืจืช ื™ืฉ ืงื•ืœ, ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ื”ืจื"ืฉ (ื›ืœืœ ื˜ื• ืกื™' ื“), ื•ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ืžื”ืจื™"ืœ (ืกื™' ืงื–), ื•ื‘ืžื”ืจ"ื™ ืžื™ื ืฅ (ื‘"ืกื“ืจ ื’ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ" ืกื™' ืงื’), ืฉื‘ื’ื˜ ื™ืฉ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื’ืจืฉ ืื• ื”ืžืชื’ืจืฉืช ื’ืจ (ื’ื™ื•ืจืช), ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืœืงืžืŸ ื”ืขืจื” 5.
2 ืฉื•"ืช "ื ื—ืœืช ืฆื‘ื™" (ื—"ื ืขืž' ืงื™ื‘, ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘"ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื" ื”ื "ืœ).
3 "ืื’ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื”" ื™ื•"ื“ ื—"ื ืกื™' ืงื ื˜.
4 ื‘ืกืคืจ "ื‘ืืจื•ืช ืžื™ื" ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื™ืžื ืขื• ืžืœื›ืชื•ื‘ "ื’ื™ื•ืจืชื", ื“ืขื“ื™ืคื ืœืžื›ืชื‘ "ื‘ืช ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื•", ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ื‘"ืžื ื—ื ืžืฉื™ื‘" (ื—"ื‘ ืกื™' ื›ื” ืขืž' 129, ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘"ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื" ื”ื "ืœ).
5 ื. ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ื”ืฉื "ื™ืขืงื‘ ื‘ืŸ ืื‘ืจื”ื" ืœืœื ื”ืกื™ื•ืžืช "ื”ื’ืจ" ืื• "ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื•" ืื™ื ื ื” ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ื”ืฉื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื“ื•ื™ืง. ื•ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื’ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ (ืฉื•"ืข ืื”"ืข ืกื™' ืงื›ื˜ ืกืขื™ืฃ ื›) ื ืคืกืง "ื‘ื’ื˜ ื’ืจ ื›ื•ืชื‘: ืคืœื•ื ื™ ื‘ืŸ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื•". ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื‘"ื‘ืืจ ื”ื’ื•ืœื”" (ืก"ืง ื ) ืฉืžืงื•ืจื• ืžืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ืช (ื”ื•ื‘ืื” ื‘"ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ" ืฉื), ืฉื ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื“ืืฃ ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ื”ื’ื˜ ืคืกื•ืœ, ื“ืžื™ื—ื–ื™ ื›ืฉื™ืงืจื, ื•ืžื–ื•ื™ืฃ ืžืชื•ื›ื•. ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ื‘"ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืžื•ืืœ" (ืฉื ืก"ืง ืœื˜) ืฉืื ืœื ื›ืชื‘ "ื”ื’ืจ" ืื• "ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื•" ืืœื ื›ืชื‘ "ื‘ืŸ ืื‘ืจื”ื" ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืคืกื•ืœ ืืฃ ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“, ื“ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ืฉืฉืžื• ืื‘ืจื”ื. ืืœื ืฉื›ืœ ื–ื” ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ื’ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ, ืฉื‘ื”ื ืžื“ืงื“ืงื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ื”ืฉืžื•ืช, ืื•ืœื ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœื ืžืฆื™ื ื• ืฉืžื“ืงื“ืงื™ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื›ื‘ื’ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื›ืฉื™ืจ ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“.
ื•ืจืื™ื” ืœื–ื”, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ื "ืœ (ื”ืขืจื” 1) ืœื ื”ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืœื’ื™ื•ืจืช ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘ืชื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื’ื™ื•ืจืช, ื•ืžืฉืžืข ื“ืกื’ื™ ืฉื™ื›ืชื‘ื• "ืจื—ืœ ื‘ืช ืื‘ืจื”ื" (ื“ืื™ ืžื™ื™ืจื™ ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• "ื‘ืช ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื•", ื”ื•ื™ ื›ืึดืœื• ื›ืชื‘ื• "ื’ื™ื•ืจืชื"), ื•ืœื ื—ืฉืฉ ืจืžื‘"ื ืœืื™-ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ืฉื ื”ืืฉื”.
ื•ืขื•ื“, ื“ื”ื ื” ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” (ืฉื•"ืข ืื•"ื— ืกื™' ืงืœื˜ ืกืขื™ืฃ ื’ ื‘ื”ื’"ื”) ืฉืžืขืœื™ืŸ ื’ืจ ืœืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืฉื "ื™ืขืงื‘ ื‘ืŸ ืื‘ืจื”ื", ื•ืœื ื“ืงื“ืงื• ืœืงื•ืจืื• "ื‘ืŸ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื•". ืžืฉืžืข ืฉื‘ืกืชืžื ื–ื”ื• ืฉืžื•, ื•ืจืง ื‘ื’ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ื“ืงื“ืงื• ื˜ืคื™.
ื•ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ื™ื™ืžืฆืื• ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืฉืžื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื, ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื•"ืช "ืื’ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื”" (ืื”"ืข ื—"ื ืกื™' ืงืขื— ื•ื‘ืื•"ื— ื—"ื“ ืกื™' ืž ืกืขื™ืฃ ื›) ืฉืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืฉืžื•ืช-ืžืฉืคื—ื”, ื•ืื•ืœื ืื™ืŸ ืœืคืกื•ืœ ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ื”ื ืฉื-ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”, ื“ื—ืฉืฉ ืจื—ื•ืง ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ื“ ื–ื•ื’ ืฉืฉืžื• ื›ืฉืžื• ื•ืฉืžื” ื›ืฉืžื”, ื•ื”ื ื‘ื ื™ ื’ื™ืœ ื“ื•ืžื”, ื•ืขื“ ืฉืœื ื”ื•ื—ื–ืง ืฉื™ืฉ ื›ื–ื”, ืื™ืŸ ืœื—ืฉื•ืฉ ืœื›ืš.
ื•ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืื• ืœื”ื›ืฉื™ืจ ืœื™ื•ื—ืกื™ืŸ, ื•ืชื”ื ืžื›ืฉืœื” ืœื›ื”ื ื™ื, ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืœื”ืœืŸ.
ื‘. ื”ื ื” ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ื”ืœ' ื™ื‘ื•ื ื•ื—ืœื™ืฆื” (ืค"ื“ ื”ืœ' ืœื“) ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘ื”, ืื ื”ืืฉื” ื”ื™ื ื’ืจื•ืฉื”, ื•ื˜ืขืžื• ืฉืœื ื™ื›ืฉืœ ื‘ื” ื›ื”ืŸ. ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ "ืชืจื•ืžืช ื”ื“ืฉืŸ" ื‘ืคืกืงื™ื (ืกื™' ืฆ), ื•ืคืกืง ื”ืจืž"ื (ืกื™' ืกื• ืกืขื™ืฃ ื™ื) ืฉื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ื’ืจื•ืฉื” ื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ืŸ "ืžืชืจื›ืชื", ืœืคืจืกื ืืกื•ืจื” ืœื›ื”ืŸ. ืืžื ื ื”ืชืฉื‘"ืฅ (ื—"ื‘ ืกื™' ืงืคื’) ื—ื•ืœืง ื•ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื”ื ื”ื™ื’ ืฉืœื ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ื›ืŸ, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ืœื’ื ื•ืชื” ืขืœ ื‘ืขืœื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืžืชื•ืš ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ืชื” ืžื ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื™ื“ืขื• ืฉื”ื™ื ื’ืจื•ืฉื”. ืืœื ืฉื”"ื—ืชื ืกื•ืคืจ" (ืฉื•"ืช ืื”"ืข ื—"ื ืกื™' ืงืœ) ื›ืชื‘, ืฉื’ื ื”ืชืฉื‘"ืฅ ื™ื•ื“ื”, ืฉืžืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืžื ื”ื’ ื”ื™ื•ื ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ื›ืŸ, ืื ืœื ื™ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืฉื”ื™ื ื’ืจื•ืฉื”, ื™ื‘ื™ื ื• ืฉืื™ื ื” ื›ื–ืืช.
ืืžื ื, ื‘ืกืคืจ "ืžืฉื›ื ื•ืช ื”ืจื•ืขื™ื" (ืื•ืช ื› ืกื™' ื˜) ื›ืชื‘ ืฉ"ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืืœื ืœื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืžื™ืœืชื ืœืืคืจื•ืฉื™ ืžืื™ืกื•ืจื, ื’ื ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืžื•ื“ื” ืฉื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“, ืื ืœื ื›ืชื‘ื• ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘ื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื’ืจื•ืฉื”, ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื” ื›ืฉืจื”. ื•ื”ืขื™ืจ ื‘"ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืฉืื•ืœ" (ื—ืœืง ืœืฉื‘ืขื” ื›ื‘ ืข"ื) ืฉื”"ืžื’ื™ื“ ืžืฉื ื”" ื›ืชื‘ ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ื "ืœ, ืฉื”ื•ื "ืชืงื•ืŸ ื ืื”", ืžืฉืžืข ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉืื™ื ื• ืืœื ืžื ื”ื’ ื˜ื•ื‘, ื•ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ื›ืฉืจ.
ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”"ืคืชื—ื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”" (ืื”"ืข ืกื™' ืกื• ืก"ืง ื—) ื‘ื“ืขืช ื”"ื—ืชื ืกื•ืคืจ" ื”ื "ืœ, ื“ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื” ื›ืฉืจื”. ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ื‘"ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื" (ื›ืจืš ื™ื—, ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช - ื ื•ืกื— ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื”, ืกืขื™ืคื™ื ืงืœื–, ืงืžื, ืงืกื–) ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืœื”ื›ืฉื™ืจ ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“. ื•ืืžื ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ืžืกืคืจ "ื ื—ืœืช ืฉื‘ืขื”" (ืกื™' ื™ื‘ ืกืขื™ืฃ ื›ื˜) ืขื“ื•ืช ืขืœ ืžืขืฉื” ืฉืคืกืœื• ื›ืชื•ื‘ื” ื›ื–ื• ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“.
ืืœื ืฉื‘ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื“ืŸ, ื‘ื’ื™ื•ืจืช, ื™ืฉ ืกื ื™ืฃ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื”ืงืœ, ื“ื’ื ืจืžื‘"ื ืขืฆืžื• ืœื ื”ืฆืจื™ืš, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”, ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ "ื’ื™ื•ืจืช" ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ื’ื™ื•ืจืช (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืข' 1), ื•ื›ืŸ ืจืž"ื ื‘ื”ื’"ื” ืœื ื›ืชื‘ ืืœื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื’ืจื•ืฉื”. ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ื™ืฉ ืืคื•ื ืœื”ื›ืฉื™ืจ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœื ื ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ื” "ื’ื™ื•ืจื" ื•/ืื• "ื’ื™ื•ืจืชื".
ื’. ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื” ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ื” ืœืœื ืื™ื–ื›ื•ืจ ื”ื’ื™ืจื•ืช: ื›ืชื‘ ื‘"ื—ืชื ืกื•ืคืจ" ื”ื "ืœ (ื›ืš ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”"ืคืชื—ื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”" ื”ื "ืœ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•) ืฉืื ื ืชื’ืœืชื” ื”ื˜ืขื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื—ื•ืคื”, ื™ืฉ ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ื›ืชื•ื‘ื” ืื—ืจืช, ื“ื”ื•ื™ ื›ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื•ืœื ื›ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“. ืื ื ืชื’ืœืชื” ื”ื˜ืขื•ืช ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืคื” (ืื• ืœืื—ืจ ื–ืžืŸ), ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืก' "ืžืฉื›ื ื•ืช ื”ืจื•ืขื™ื" (ืื•ืช ื› ืกืขื™ืฃ ื˜) ืฉื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉืžื•ืช, ื–ืžืŸ ื•ืžืงื•ื ื™ืฉ ืœืชืงืŸ, ืืš ื‘ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื“ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืืœื ืœืืคืจื•ืฉื™ ืžืื™ืกื•ืจื, ืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืชืงืŸ ื•ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื” ื›ืฉืจื”. ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื•"ืช "ืื’ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื”" (ืื”"ืข ื—"ื’ ืกื™' ื›ื•) ืฉื“ืŸ ื‘ื˜ืขื•ืช ืฉื ืคืœื” ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘ื” (ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉื”ืืฉื” "ื‘ืช ืœื•ื™" ื•ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ื›ื˜ืขื•ืช, ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื˜ืขื•ืช ื‘ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื“ืŸ) ื•ื ืชื’ืœืชื” ื”ื˜ืขื•ืช ืœืื—ืจ ื–ืžืŸ, ื•ื›ืชื‘ ืฉืืฃ-ืขืœ-ืคื™ ืฉื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื” ื›ืฉืจื”, ื›ื“ืื™ ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ื”ื˜ืขื•ืช, ื•ืื ื™ืฉ ืจื•ื•ื— ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื”, ื™ืฆื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉ, ื•ื™ื•ืกื™ืคื• ืฉื›ืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื” ื ื›ืชื‘ ื›ื”ื•ื’ืŸ, ื•ืœื ื‘ืื• ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืืœื ืคืจื˜ ื–ื”, ื•ื™ื—ืชืžื• ืขืœ ื–ื” ืื•ืชื ื”ืขื“ื™ื ืฉื—ืชืžื• ื‘ืจืืฉื•ื ื”.



ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
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ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
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