ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื
  • ื™ืžื™ื ื ื•ืจืื™ื
  • ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
  • ืกืคืจื™ื”
  • ืคื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืœื›ื”
  • ื™ืžื™ื ื ื•ืจืื™ื
undefined
20 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”

ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืœืขื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืฉืžืช

ื”ืจื‘ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื‘ืŸ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื‘"ืจ ืฉื‘ืชื™ ื–ืฆ"ืœ


ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื”



ื - ืืœื•ืœ (ื•ืชืงื™ืขืช ืฉื•ืคืจ)
ื™ืžื™ ืืœื•ืœ ื•ืขืฉืจืช ื™ืžื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœื—ื–ืจื” ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ืฉื›ืŸ ืžืฆื™ื ื• ืฉื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื• ื”ืชืจืฆื” ื”' ืœืžื—ื•ืœ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืœ ื—ื˜ื ื”ืขื’ืœ. ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•ื ืœืื—ืจ ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื”, ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ื‘ื•ืฉืฉ ืœืจื“ืช ืžื”ื”ืจ, ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื—ื•ื˜ืื™ื ื”ืฉืคื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื”ืขื, ืขื“ ืฉืขืฉื• ืขื’ืœ ื–ื”ื‘ ื›ืชื—ืœื™ืฃ ืœื”ื ื”ื’ื” ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ืช. ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฉืขื” ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจ ื—ืจื•ืŸ ืืฃ ื ื•ืจื ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืขื“ ืฉืืžืจ ื”' ืœืžืฉื” (ืฉืžื•ืช ืœื‘, ื™): "ื”ึทื ึผึดื™ื—ึธื” ืœึผึดื™ ื•ึฐื™ึดื—ึทืจ ืึทืคึผึดื™ ื‘ึธื”ึถื ื•ึทืึฒื›ึทืœึผึตื ื•ึฐืึถืขึฑืฉื‚ึถื” ืื•ึนืชึฐืšึธ ืœึฐื’ื•ึนื™ ื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ". ื•ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ื”ืชืขืฆื ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื–ื›ื•ืช ืื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœืขื›ื‘ ืืช ื”ืขื•ื ืฉ. ื•ืžื™ื“ ื™ืจื“ ืžื”ื”ืจ, ืฉื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืœื•ื—ื•ืช, ื•ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื‘ื ื™ ืฉื‘ื˜ ืœื•ื™ ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื•ืจื’ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื˜ืื™ื, ื•ืฉืจืฃ ื•ื˜ื—ืŸ ืืช ื”ืขื’ืœ ื•ืขื™ืจื‘ ืืช ืขืคืจื• ื‘ืžื™ื, ื•ื”ืฉืงื” ื‘ื”ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ื”ืžื™ื ื‘ื“ืงื• ืืช ื”ืขื, ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื—ื•ื˜ื ื‘ืขื’ืœ, ืžืช ืžืื•ืชื ื”ืžื™ื. ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ื–ื™ืจืช ื”ื›ื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืชื•ื—ื” ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืขืžื“ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ื‘ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื ืคืฉ ืœืคื ื™ ื”', ื•ืืžืจ: "ื•ึฐืขึทืชึผึธื” ืึดื ืชึผึดืฉึผื‚ึธื ื—ึทื˜ึผึธืืชึธื, ื•ึฐืึดื ืึทื™ึดืŸ - ืžึฐื—ึตื ึดื™ ื ึธื ืžึดืกึผึดืคึฐืจึฐืšึธ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื›ึผึธืชึธื‘ึฐืชึผึธ" (ืฉื ืœื‘). ื‘ื›ืš ืกืจื” ื’ื–ื™ืจืช ื”ื›ื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืžืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืื‘ืœ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ื–ื•ืคื™ื ื•ืจื—ื•ืงื™ื ืžื”', ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืื™ื ื ื‘ื ื™ื• ื•ืื™ื ื ืขื‘ื“ื™ื• ื•ืื™ื ื ืขื ืกื’ื•ืœืชื•, ื•ืืฃ ื”ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉื ึดืชื ื• ื‘ื™ื“ ืžืฉื” ื ืฉืชื‘ืจื•.
ื‘ืจืืฉ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืืœื•ืœ ืฉื‘ ื•ืขืœื” ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ืœื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื•ืœื‘ืงืฉ ื‘ืฉื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืกืœื™ื—ื” ื•ืจื—ืžื™ื, ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื ืชืงื‘ืœื” ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื’ืžืจื™, ื•ื™ืจื“ ืžืฉื” ืœืชืช ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืช ื”ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื ื•ืœื‘ืฉืจ ืœื”ื ืขืœ ืกืœื™ื—ืชื. ืœืื•ืช ืงื™ืจื•ื‘ื ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื• ืœืขื ืกื’ื•ืœื”, ืฆื™ื•ื•ื” ื”' ืฉื™ืงื™ืžื• ืืช ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื• ืชืชื’ืœื” ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉื›ืืœื” ืื™ื ื ื‘ืžืงืจื”, ื”ืจื™ ืฉืœืžื“ื ื• ืฉืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœืช ืืœื•ืœ ื•ืขื“ ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ื ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื”.
ื•ื›ืŸ ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื: "ื‘ืจืืฉ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืืœื•ืœ ืืžืจ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœืžืฉื”: ืขึฒืœึตื” ืึตืœึทื™ ื”ึธื”ึธืจึธื” (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™, ื), ื•ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื• ืฉื•ืคืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžื—ื ื”, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืžืฉื” ืขื•ืœื” ืœื”ืจ, ืฉืœื ื™ื˜ืขื• ืขื•ื“ ืื—ืจ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื”. ื•ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื ืชืขืœื” ืื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืฉื•ืคืจ, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืžื–, ื•): ืขึธืœึธื” ืึฑืœื•ึนื”ึดื™ื ื‘ึผึดืชึฐืจื•ึผืขึธื” ื”' ื‘ึผึฐืงื•ึนืœ ืฉืื•ึนืคึธืจ. ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ืชืงื™ื ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืชื•ืงืขื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ืคืจ ื‘ืจืืฉ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืืœื•ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ื•ืฉื ื”" (ืคืจืงื™ ื“ืจ' ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžื•). ื•ื‘ื—ืจื• ืœืขื•ืจืจ ืืช ื”ืขื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืงื•ืœ ื”ืฉื•ืคืจ, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื• ืœื”ื–ื”ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืขื ืžืœื—ื˜ื•ื ื•ืœืขื•ืจืจ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” (ื˜ื•ืจ ื•ื‘"ื™ ืื•"ื— ืชืงืคื, ื).
ื•ื›ืŸ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืชืงื•ืข ื‘ืฉื•ืคืจ ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืืœื•ืœ. ืžื ื”ื’ ื™ื•ืฆืื™ ืืฉื›ื ื– ืœืชืงื•ืข ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ืชืคื™ืœืช ืฉื—ืจื™ืช. ื•ืžื ื”ื’ ื™ื•ืฆืื™ ืกืคืจื“ ืœื•ืžืจ ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืืœื•ืœ ื•ืœืชืงื•ืข ื‘ืขืช ืืžื™ืจืช ื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืฉื‘ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช, ื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœืชืงื•ืข ื’ื ื‘ืขืช ืืžื™ืจืช ื™"ื’ ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืจื—ืžื™ื. ื•ืžื ื”ื’ ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืชืงื™ืขืช ื”ืฉื•ืคืจ ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ื‘ื”, ื•ืืข"ืค ื›ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœื”ืฉืชื“ืœ ืœืงื™ื™ืžื•, ืื‘ืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉืœื ืฉืžืข ืฉื•ืคืจ, ืื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ืคืฉ ืžื™ ืฉื™ืชืงืข ืœื• ื‘ืฉื•ืคืจ. 1
ื‘ - ื™ืกื•ื“ ืžื ื”ื’ ืืžื™ืจืช ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช
ืžื ื”ื’ ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื’ืื•ื ื™ื ืœื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื‘ืืฉืžื•ืจืช ื”ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื‘ืขืฉืจืช ื™ืžื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœืืžื™ืจืช 'ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช'. ื•ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื”ืชืขื•ืจืจ ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืกืœื™ื—ื” ื•ืžื—ื™ืœื”, ื•ืœื”ืชื—ื ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ื”' ืฉื™ืจื—ื ืขืœ ืขืžื• ืฉื ืžืฆื ื‘ื’ืœื•ืช ื•ื‘ืฆืจื”. ื•ืืœ ื™ื‘ื™ื˜ ืืœ ื”ืคืฉืขื™ื ื•ื”ื—ื˜ืื™ื ืืœื ื™ื–ื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ืฉื›ืจืช ืขื ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื•ืขืžื ื•, ื•ื™ื–ื›ื•ืจ ืืช ืขืงื“ืช ื™ืฆื—ืง ื•ืืช ืขืงื“ืช ื›ืœ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืกืจื• ื ืคืฉื ืขืœ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืฉืžื•. ื•ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืขืœ ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ื’ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ืขืœ ื”ืงืžืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื•ื”ื—ื–ืจืช ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ. ื•ื ื”ื’ื• ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื• ื“ื•ื•ืงื, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื ืฉืžืขืช ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ื‘ื”ื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœื“ื™ืŸ. ื•ืจืื•ื™ ืœื›ืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืœืฉืชืฃ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ืขื ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ื•ืœื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” ืขืœ ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ืฉืจืืช ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื•ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืฉืžื• ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื•ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ื’ื ืชืคื™ืœื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ื™ืชืงื‘ืœื•.
ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฆื™ื ื• ืฉื”ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ืขื•ืจืจื• ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื”ืชืืกืฃ ื‘ืขืช ืฆืจื” ืœืฆื•ื ื•ืชืคื™ืœื”, ื•ืœื”ืชื—ื ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ื”' ืฉื™ื—ื•ืก ืขืœ ืขืžื• ื•ืืจืฆื•. ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื™ื•ืืœ ื‘, ื˜ื•-ื™ื—): "ืชึผึดืงึฐืขื•ึผ ืฉืื•ึนืคึธืจ ื‘ึผึฐืฆึดื™ึผื•ึนืŸ ืงึทื“ึผึฐืฉืื•ึผ ืฆื•ึนื ืงึดืจึฐืื•ึผ ืขึฒืฆึธืจึธื”. ืึดืกึฐืคื•ึผ ืขึธื ืงึทื“ึผึฐืฉืื•ึผ ืงึธื”ึธืœ ืงึดื‘ึฐืฆื•ึผ ื–ึฐืงึตื ึดื™ื ืึดืกึฐืคื•ึผ ืขื•ึนืœึธืœึดื™ื ื•ึฐื™ึนื ึฐืงึตื™ ืฉืึธื“ึธื™ึดื, ื™ึตืฆึตื ื—ึธืชึธืŸ ืžึตื—ึถื“ึฐืจื•ึน ื•ึฐื›ึทืœึผึธื” ืžึตื—ึปืคึผึธืชึธื”ึผ. ื‘ึผึตื™ืŸ ื”ึธืื•ึผืœึธื ื•ึฐืœึทืžึผึดื–ึฐื‘ึผึตื—ึท ื™ึดื‘ึฐื›ึผื•ึผ ื”ึทื›ึผึนื”ึฒื ึดื™ื ืžึฐืฉืึธืจึฐืชึตื™ ื”', ื•ึฐื™ึนืืžึฐืจื•ึผ ื—ื•ึผืกึธื” ื”' ืขึทืœ ืขึทืžึผึถืšึธ ื•ึฐืึทืœ ืชึผึดืชึผึตืŸ ื ึทื—ึฒืœึธืชึฐืšึธ ืœึฐื—ึถืจึฐืคึผึธื” ืœึดืžึฐืฉืึธืœ ื‘ึผึธื ื’ึผื•ึนื™ึดื, ืœึธืžึผึธื” ื™ึนืืžึฐืจื•ึผ ื‘ึธืขึทืžึผึดื™ื ืึทื™ึผึตื” ืึฑืœื•ึนื”ึตื™ื”ึถื. ื•ึทื™ึฐืงึทื ึผึตื ื”' ืœึฐืึทืจึฐืฆื•ึน ื•ึทื™ึผึทื—ึฐืžึนืœ ืขึทืœ ืขึทืžึผื•ึน".
ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ื”ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชืขื•ืจืจ ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืžืขืฉื™ื. ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžื ื”ื’ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื•, ืœื•ืžืจ ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื•ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ืกืคืจื™ ืžื•ืกืจ ื•ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื”. ื•ื™ืฉ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ื•ืชื•ื›ื—ื”.

ื’ - ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•
ื’ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชื—ื–ืง ื‘ืืžื™ืจืช ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืœืื—ืจ ืฉื—ืžืœ ื”' ืขืœื™ื ื• ื•ื”ื—ืœ ืœื’ืื•ืœ ืื•ืชื ื•, ื‘ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ื’ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืืจืฅ, ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืชืขื•ืจืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ื•ืœื”ืชื—ื ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ื• ืฉื™ื—ื•ืก ืขืœื™ื ื• ื•ื™ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื—ืกื“ื• ืœืงื‘ืฅ ื’ืœื™ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื•ืœื™ื™ืฉื‘ ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ืืจืฅ ืฉื”ื ื—ื™ืœ ืœืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื•ืœื ื•, ื•ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื ื• ืืœื™ื• ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœื™ืžื”, ื•ื ื–ื›ื” ืœื”ืชื’ื“ืœ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืœื”ืชืงื“ืฉ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื•ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื•ืœื”ืื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• ื‘ืื•ืจ ืืžื•ื ืชื• ื•ืชื•ืจืชื•.
ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืžืฆื‘ื ื• ืขืชื”, ื’ื ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืขื•ืœื™ ื‘ื‘ืœ ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืฉื™ื‘ืช ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื ืžืฆืื• ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืช, ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื—ื–ืจื• ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ื–ื›ื• ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™. ื•ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืขื–ืจื ื”ืกื•ืคืจ, ืฉืขืœื” ืžื‘ื‘ืœ ืœืืจืฅ ื•ืžืฆื ืฉืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ ืœืงื—ื• ืœื”ื ื ืฉื™ื ื ื•ื›ืจื™ื•ืช, ื•ื’ื ื™ื“ ื”ืฉืจื™ื ื•ื”ืกื’ื ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืžืขืœ. "ื•ึผื›ึฐืฉืึธืžึฐืขึดื™ ืึถืช ื”ึทื“ึผึธื‘ึธืจ ื”ึทื–ึผึถื”, ืงึธืจึทืขึฐืชึผึดื™ ืึถืช ื‘ึผึดื’ึฐื“ึดื™ ื•ึผืžึฐืขึดื™ืœึดื™, ื•ึธืึถืžึฐืจึฐื˜ึธื” ืžึดืฉึผื‚ึฐืขึทืจ ืจึนืืฉืึดื™ ื•ึผื–ึฐืงึธื ึดื™ ื•ึธืึตืฉืึฐื‘ึธื” ืžึฐืฉืื•ึนืžึตื. ื•ึฐืึตืœึทื™ ื™ึตืึธืกึฐืคื•ึผ ื›ึผึนืœ ื—ึธืจึตื“ ื‘ึผึฐื“ึดื‘ึฐืจึตื™ ืึฑืœื•ึนื”ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืขึทืœ ืžึทืขึทืœ ื”ึทื’ึผื•ึนืœึธื”, ื•ึทืึฒื ึดื™ ื™ึนืฉืึตื‘ ืžึฐืฉืื•ึนืžึตื ืขึทื“ ืœึฐืžึดื ึฐื—ึทืช ื”ึธืขึธืจึถื‘. ื•ึผื‘ึฐืžึดื ึฐื—ึทืช ื”ึธืขึถืจึถื‘ ืงึทืžึฐืชึผึดื™ ืžึดืชึผึทืขึฒื ึดื™ืชึดื™ ื•ึผื‘ึฐืงึธืจึฐืขึดื™ ื‘ึดื’ึฐื“ึดื™ ื•ึผืžึฐืขึดื™ืœึดื™, ื•ึธืึถื›ึฐืจึฐืขึธื” ืขึทืœ ื‘ึผึดืจึฐื›ึผึทื™ ื•ึธืึถืคึฐืจึฐืฉื‚ึธื” ื›ึทืคึผึทื™ ืึถืœ ื”' ืึฑืœื•ึนื”ึธื™. ื•ึธืึนืžึฐืจึธื” ืึฑืœื•ึนื”ึทื™ ื‘ึผึนืฉืึฐืชึผึดื™ ื•ึฐื ึดื›ึฐืœึทืžึฐืชึผึดื™ ืœึฐื”ึธืจึดื™ื ืึฑืœื•ึนื”ึทื™ ืคึผึธื ึทื™ ืึตืœึถื™ืšึธ, ื›ึผึดื™ ืขึฒื•ึนื ึนืชึตื™ื ื•ึผ ืจึธื‘ื•ึผ ืœึฐืžึทืขึฐืœึธื” ืจึผึนืืฉื ื•ึฐืึทืฉืึฐืžึธืชึตื ื•ึผ ื’ึธื“ึฐืœึธื” ืขึทื“ ืœึทืฉึผืึธืžึธื™ึดื. ืžึดื™ืžึตื™ ืึฒื‘ึนืชึตื™ื ื•ึผ ืึฒื ึทื—ึฐื ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐืึทืฉืึฐืžึธื” ื’ึฐื“ึนืœึธื” ืขึทื“ ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทื–ึผึถื”, ื•ึผื‘ึทืขึฒื•ึนื ึนืชึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื ึดืชึผึทื ื•ึผ ืึฒื ึทื—ึฐื ื•ึผ ืžึฐืœึธื›ึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื›ึนื”ึฒื ึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐื™ึทื“ ืžึทืœึฐื›ึตื™ ื”ึธืึฒืจึธืฆื•ึนืช ื‘ึผึทื—ึถืจึถื‘ ื‘ึผึทืฉึผืึฐื‘ึดื™ ื•ึผื‘ึทื‘ึผึดื–ึผึธื” ื•ึผื‘ึฐื‘ึนืฉืึถืช ืคึผึธื ึดื™ื ื›ึผึฐื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทื–ึผึถื”. ื•ึฐืขึทืชึผึธื” ื›ึผึดืžึฐืขึทื˜ ืจึถื’ึทืข ื”ึธื™ึฐืชึธื” ืชึฐื—ึดื ึผึธื” ืžึตืึตืช ื”' ืึฑืœื•ึนื”ึตื™ื ื•ึผ ืœึฐื”ึทืฉืึฐืึดื™ืจ ืœึธื ื•ึผ ืคึผึฐืœึตื™ื˜ึธื” ื•ึฐืœึธืชึถืช ืœึธื ื•ึผ ื™ึธืชึตื“ ื‘ึผึดืžึฐืงื•ึนื ืงึธื“ึฐืฉืื•ึน, ืœึฐื”ึธืึดื™ืจ ืขึตื™ื ึตื™ื ื•ึผ ืึฑืœื•ึนื”ึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื•ึผืœึฐืชึดืชึผึตื ื•ึผ ืžึดื—ึฐื™ึธื” ืžึฐืขึทื˜ ื‘ึผึฐืขึทื‘ึฐื“ึปืชึตื ื•ึผ. ื›ึผึดื™ ืขึฒื‘ึธื“ึดื™ื ืึฒื ึทื—ึฐื ื•ึผ ื•ึผื‘ึฐืขึทื‘ึฐื“ึปืชึตื ื•ึผ ืœึนื ืขึฒื–ึธื‘ึธื ื•ึผ ืึฑืœื•ึนื”ึตื™ื ื•ึผ, ื•ึทื™ึผึทื˜ ืขึธืœึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื—ึถืกึถื“ ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ืžึทืœึฐื›ึตื™ ืคึธืจึทืก ืœึธืชึถืช ืœึธื ื•ึผ ืžึดื—ึฐื™ึธื” ืœึฐืจื•ึนืžึตื ืึถืช ื‘ึผึตื™ืช ืึฑืœื•ึนื”ึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื•ึผืœึฐื”ึทืขึฒืžึดื™ื“ ืึถืช ื—ึธืจึฐื‘ึนืชึธื™ื• ื•ึฐืœึธืชึถืช ืœึธื ื•ึผ ื’ึธื“ึตืจ ื‘ึผึดื™ื”ื•ึผื“ึธื” ื•ึผื‘ึดื™ืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึธื™ึดื. ื•ึฐืขึทืชึผึธื” ืžึทื” ื ึผึนืืžึทืจ ืึฑืœื•ึนื”ึตื™ื ื•ึผ ืึทื—ึฒืจึตื™ ื–ึนืืช, ื›ึผึดื™ ืขึธื–ึทื‘ึฐื ื•ึผ ืžึดืฆึฐื•ึนืชึถื™ืšึธ... ื•ึฐืึทื—ึฒืจึตื™ ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทื‘ึผึธื ืขึฒืœึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐืžึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื”ึธืจึธืขึดื™ื ื•ึผื‘ึฐืึทืฉืึฐืžึธืชึตื ื•ึผ ื”ึทื’ึผึฐื“ึนืœึธื”, ื›ึผึดื™ ืึทืชึผึธื” ืึฑืœื•ึนื”ึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื—ึธืฉื‚ึทื›ึฐืชึผึธ ืœึฐืžึทื˜ึผึธื” ืžึตืขึฒื•ึนื ึตื ื•ึผ ื•ึฐื ึธืชึทืชึผึธื” ืœึผึธื ื•ึผ ืคึผึฐืœึตื™ื˜ึธื” ื›ึผึธื–ึนืืช. ื”ึฒื ึธืฉืื•ึผื‘ ืœึฐื”ึธืคึตืจ ืžึดืฆึฐื•ึนืชึถื™ืšึธ ื•ึผืœึฐื”ึดืชึฐื—ึทืชึผึตืŸ ื‘ึผึฐืขึทืžึผึตื™ ื”ึทืชึผึนืขึตื‘ื•ึนืช ื”ึธืึตืœึผึถื”?! ื”ึฒืœื•ึนื ืชึถืึฑื ึทืฃ ื‘ึผึธื ื•ึผ ืขึทื“ ื›ึผึทืœึผึตื” ืœึฐืึตื™ืŸ ืฉืึฐืึตืจึดื™ืช ื•ึผืคึฐืœึตื™ื˜ึธื”?! ื”' ืึฑืœื•ึนื”ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ, ืฆึทื“ึผึดื™ืง ืึทืชึผึธื” ื›ึผึดื™ ื ึดืฉืึฐืึทืจึฐื ื•ึผ ืคึฐืœึตื™ื˜ึธื” ื›ึผึฐื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทื–ึผึถื”, ื”ึดื ึฐื ื•ึผ ืœึฐืคึธื ึถื™ืšึธ ื‘ึผึฐืึทืฉืึฐืžึธืชึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื›ึผึดื™ ืึตื™ืŸ ืœึทืขึฒืžื•ึนื“ ืœึฐืคึธื ึถื™ืšึธ ืขึทืœ ื–ึนืืช" (ืขื–ืจื ื˜, ื’-ื˜ื•).
ืฆืขืจื• ื•ืฆื•ืžื• ื•ืชืคื™ืœืชื• ืฉืœ ืขื–ืจื ืขื•ืจืจื• ืืช ื”ืขื ืœืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืฉื ื™, ื-ื”): "ื•ึผื›ึฐื”ึดืชึฐืคึผึทืœึผึตืœ ืขึถื–ึฐืจึธื ื•ึผื›ึฐื”ึดืชึฐื•ึทื“ึผึนืชื•ึน ื‘ึผึนื›ึถื” ื•ึผืžึดืชึฐื ึทืคึผึตืœ ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ื‘ึผึตื™ืช ื”ึธืึฑืœื•ึนื”ึดื™ื, ื ึดืงึฐื‘ึผึฐืฆื•ึผ ืึตืœึธื™ื• ืžึดื™ึผึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืงึธื”ึธืœ ืจึทื‘ ืžึฐืึนื“, ืึฒื ึธืฉืึดื™ื ื•ึฐื ึธืฉืึดื™ื ื•ึดื™ืœึธื“ึดื™ื, ื›ึผึดื™ ื‘ึธื›ื•ึผ ื”ึธืขึธื ื”ึทืจึฐื‘ึผึตื” ื‘ึถื›ึถื”". ืื– ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืขืœื™ื”ื ืืช ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”', ืœื‘ืœืชื™ ื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ืจืฆื• ืœื”ืชื’ื™ื™ืจ. "ื•ึทื™ึผึธืงึธื ืขึถื–ึฐืจึธื ื•ึทื™ึผึทืฉืึฐื‘ึผึทืข ืึถืช ืฉื‚ึธืจึตื™ ื”ึทื›ึผึนื”ึฒื ึดื™ื ื”ึทืœึฐื•ึดื™ึผึดื ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืœึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึนืช ื›ึผึทื“ึผึธื‘ึธืจ ื”ึทื–ึผึถื” ื•ึทื™ึผึดืฉึผืึธื‘ึตืขื•ึผ". ืืžื ื ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืจื‘ื™ื ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื ื—ื–ืจื• ืื– ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ืœื ืขืœื• ืœืืจืฅ ืืœื ื ืฉืืจื• ื‘ื‘ื‘ืœ, ืœื ื—ื–ืจื” ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ืœืฉืจื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ืขื“ ืฉื’ื ื”ื•ื ื—ืจื‘ ื‘ืขื•ื•ื ื•ืช.
ื•ืืžื ื ื™ืฉ ื‘ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ืฉืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืœืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื’ืœื•ืช, ืขื“ ืฉื™ืฉื ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืชืงืฉื™ื ืœื”ื–ื“ื”ื•ืช ืขื ืชื•ื›ื ื, ื•ืืฃ ื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ื ืฉืžื ื™ืฉ ืฆื“ ืฉืœ ืฉืงืจ ื‘ืืžื™ืจืชื. ืื•ืœื ืื ื ืจืื” ืืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ืขื ืื—ื“ ืฉื—ื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ื•ืจื•ืชื™ื•, ื›ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื—ื“ ืžืื™ืชื ื• ืžืงื•ืฉืจ ืžืžืฉ ืœื›ืœ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืฉื—ื™ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฆื•ืช, ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ ืืช ื”ื—ืœืงื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื–ื“ื”ื•ืช ืขืžื•ืงื”. ืฉื›ืŸ ื’ื ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืขื ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืฉื—ื™ื• ื‘ื’ื•ืœื” ื•ืกื‘ืœื• ื™ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ื ื•ืจืื™ื ื•ื”ืฉืคืœื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืช, ืขื“ ืฉื›ืžืขื˜ ืื‘ื“ื” ืชืงื•ื•ืชื ื•. ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืขื ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ืžืขื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื’ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉืžื“, ื‘ืžืกืขื•ืช ื”ืฆืœื‘ ื•ื‘ืžืจืชืคื™ ื”ืื™ื ืงื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ืฆื™ื”, ื‘ืจืฆื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืกืœืžื™ื ื•ื‘ืžืื•ืจืขื•ืช ืช"ื— ื•ืช"ื˜, ื•ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื ื•ืจื ืžื›ืœ ื‘ืฉื•ืื” ื”ืื™ื•ืžื”, ืฉืจืง ื›ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื” ืขื‘ืจื• ืžืื– ืฉื ืกืชื™ื™ืžื”. ื•ืื™ืš ื ื”ื™ื” ืฉืื ื ื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืชื—ื ื•ื ื™ ื”ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช ืื™ื ื ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืœื ื• ื›ืืฉืจ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื™ืชื ื• ืืœืคื™ ื ื™ืฆื•ืœื™ื ืฉืขื‘ืจื• ืืช ืžื—ื ื•ืช ื”ื”ืฉืžื“ื” ื•ื”ื’ื˜ืื•ืช, ื•ื”ืขื•ืœื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืœื ื‘ืจืฉืขื™ื ืฉืžื›ืจื™ื–ื™ื ื‘ื’ืœื•ื™ ืขืœ ืฉืื™ืคืชื ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืืช ืžืœืื›ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ื ืืฆื™ื. ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืขื•ื“ ืœื•ืžืจ ืืช ืชื—ื ื•ื ื™ ื”ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื–ื“ื”ื•ืช ื ืคืฉื™ืช ืขืžื•ืงื”.

ื“ - ื ื•ืกื— ื”ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช
ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ืชืงื ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืชืงื ื” ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช ืœื•ืžืจ ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช, ืžืžื™ืœื ืื™ืŸ ืœืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื ื•ืกื— ืžืกื•ื“ืจ, ื•ื›ืœ ืขื“ื” ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื” ืชื—ื™ื ื•ืช ื•ืคื™ื•ื˜ื™ื ืžืฉืœื”. ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื™ืฉื ื” ืžืกื’ืจืช ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื“ื•ืช, ื›ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืกื“ืจ ืจื‘ ืขืžืจื ื’ืื•ืŸ: ืคื•ืชื—ื™ื ื‘ืืžื™ืจืช 'ืืฉืจื™' (ืชื”ืœื” ืœื“ื•ื“), ืฉื›ืŸ ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ืœืคืชื•ื— ื›ืœ ืชืคื™ืœื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืฉื‘ื— ืœื”'. ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื—ืฆื™ ืงื“ื™ืฉ, ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื "ืœืš ื”' ื”ืฆื“ืงื” ื•ืœื ื• ื‘ื•ืฉืช ื”ืคื ื™ื" ื•ื›ื•', ื•"ืฉื•ืžืข ืชืคื™ืœื” ืขื“ื™ืš ื›ืœ ื‘ืฉืจ ื™ื‘ื•ืื•" ื•ื›ื•', ื•ืขื•ื“ ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื‘ืงืฉื” ื•ืชื—ื ื•ื ื™ื, ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื™"ื’ ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืจื—ืžื™ื, ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™, ื•"ืืฉืžื ื• ืžื›ืœ ืขื", ื•ืœืงืจืืช ื”ืกื™ื•ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื—ื™ื ื” "ืขื ื ื• ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืขื ื ื•" ื•ื›ื•', ื•"ื”' ืขืฉื” ืœืžืขืŸ ืฉืžืš" ื•ื›ื•'. ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื ื•ืคืœื™ื ืืคื™ื™ื ื•ื—ื•ืชืžื™ื ื‘ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืชืชืงื‘ืœ.
ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื ื•ืกื— ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™, ื›ืชื‘ ืจื‘ ืขืžืจื ื’ืื•ืŸ ืฉืื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืคืกื•ืงื™ื, ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื•ืคื™ื•ื˜ื™ื ืžืžื” ืฉืชืงื ื• ื”ืคื™ื™ื˜ื ื™ื - ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื. ื•ืื›ืŸ ื ื”ื’ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืคื™ื•ื˜ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช, ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคื™ื•ื˜ ืœืคื™ื•ื˜ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ื™"ื’ ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืจื—ืžื™ื. ื‘ืคื™ื•ื˜ื™ื ืืœื” ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื•ืกื— ืกืคืจื“ ืœืืฉื›ื ื–. ืขื•ื“ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื™ืฉื ื•, ืฉืœืžื ื”ื’ ืกืคืจื“ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ื ื•ืกื— ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืžื™ื, ื•ืœืžื ื”ื’ ืืฉื›ื ื–, ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื ื•ืกื— ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืคื™ื•ื˜ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.
ื›ืืฉืจ ื–ืžื ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ืงืฆืจ, ื™ื“ืœื’ื• ืขืœ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืคื™ื•ื˜ื™ื, ื•ื™ืืžืจื• ืืช ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื›ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืกื“ืจ ืจื‘ ืขืžืจื ื’ืื•ืŸ, ื•ื™ืฉืชื“ืœื• ืœื•ืžืจ ืืช ื”ืคื™ื•ื˜ื™ื ืฉืžืขื•ืจืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื”. 2

ื” - ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื•ืžื™ื“ืช ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื
ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ื’ืื•ื ื™ื ื ื”ื’ื• ืœื•ืžืจ ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืขืฉืจืช ื™ืžื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ื•ื›ืš ื ื”ื’ื• ื‘ืฉืชื™ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉื‘ื‘ื‘ืœ, ื•ื”ื™ื• ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืžืขื˜ื™ื ืฉื ื”ื’ื• ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ื”ื ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื’ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืืœื•ืœ.
ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื ืชืงื‘ืœ ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืกืคืจื“ื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืืœื•ืœ ื•ืขืฉืจืช ื™ืžื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” (ืฉื•"ืข ืชืงืคื, ื). ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื ืจืืฉ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืืœื•ืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช (ืจืž"ืข ืžืคืื ื• ืขื˜, ื›ื”"ื— ื). ื•ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืžืชืงืจื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื”, ื›ืš ืจื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ื–ื”ืจื™ื ืœืงื•ื ืœืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช, ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืžืงืคื™ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืš ื‘ืขืฉืจืช ื™ืžื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”.
ืžื ื”ื’ ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ื, ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืžื•ืฆืื™ ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืœืคื ื™ ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื”, ื•ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืฉื™ืกืคื™ืงื• ืœื•ืžืจ ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช ืืจื‘ืขื” ื™ืžื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื”. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืื ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื—ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ ืื• ืฉื‘ืช, ืื–ื™ ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืžื•ืฆืื™ ืฉื‘ืช ื”ืกืžื•ืš ืœืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื”. ืื‘ืœ ืื ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื—ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉื ื™ ืื• ืฉืœื™ืฉื™, ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืžื•ืฆืื™ ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ. 3
ืืฃ ืฉืœื ืชืงื ื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื›ื—ื•ื‘ื”, ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืžื ื”ื’ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืืžื ื ืžื™ ืฉื”ืงื™ืžื” ืœืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช ืงืฉื” ืœื•, ืื™ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืงื•ื ืœืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืืœื•ืœ. ื•ื‘ืขืฉืจืช ื™ืžื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื™ืฉืชื“ืœ ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื™ืžื™ื ืืœื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ื›ืคืจื” (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืจ"ื” ื™ื—, ื; ืจืžื‘"ื ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘, ื•).
ืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ ืžื•ืงื“ื, ื•ื”ืงื™ืžื” ืœืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช ืชื’ืจื•ื ืœื• ืขื™ื™ืคื•ืช ืฉื‘ืขื˜ื™ื™ื” ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืžืœื ืืช ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืชื™ื• ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื•, ื’ื ื‘ืขืฉืจืช ื™ืžื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืฉืœื ื™ืงื•ื ืœืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช. ื•ื™ืฉืชื“ืœ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ืืช ืœื•ืžืจ ืคืจืงื™ ืชื”ืœื™ื, ื•ืื ื™ืจืฆื”, ื™ื•ื›ืœ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ื™ื•ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืืช ืงื˜ืขื™ ื”ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช ืฉืžื•ืชืจ ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ ืœื•ืžืจ (ืœื”ืœืŸ ื–).
ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช, ืฉื’ื ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื—ื›ื ืฉืจื’ื™ืœ ืœืฉืงื•ื“ ืขืœ ืชืœืžื•ื“ื•, ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื™ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ ืœืืžื™ืจืช ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช (ื‘ืจื›"ื™ ื•ืฉืข"ืช ืชืงืคื, ื). ื•ื›ืŸ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื•ืžืจ ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื–ืžืŸ ืืžื™ืจืชืŸ ื”ื•ื ืขืœ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“. ืืžื ื ืžื™ ืฉื”ืงื™ืžื” ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช ืชื’ืจื•ื ืœื• ืœืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ื–ืžืŸ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืืจื•ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ืžืฉืš ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืœืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืกื“ืจื™ื ื™ื’ืจื•ื ืœื• ืื—"ื› ืœื—ื•ืกืจ ืจื™ื›ื•ื–, ืžื•ื˜ื‘ ืฉืœื ื™ืงื•ื ืœืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช.

ื• - ื–ืžืŸ ืืžื™ืจืช ื”ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช
ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืืžื™ืจืช ื”ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื‘ืืฉืžื•ืจืช ื”ื‘ื•ืงืจ, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืงืจืืช ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืœื™ืœื”, ืฉืื– ื”ื™ื ืฉืขืช ืจื—ืžื™ื ื•ืจืฆื•ืŸ, ืฉืขื” ืฉืœ ืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื” ืœืงืจืืช ืขืœื™ื™ืช ื”ืื•ืจ ื•ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”' ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื•ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฉืขื” ื›ื•ืœื ื™ืฉื ื™ื ื•ื”ืขื•ืœื ื ืงื™ ื•ืฉืงื˜ ืžืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื•ืžืขืฉื™ื ืจืขื™ื, ื•ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื™ื•ืฆืืช ืžืขื•ืžืง ื”ืœื‘, ื•ื‘ื•ืงืขืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžื—ื™ืฆื•ืช ื•ืžืชืงื‘ืœืช. ื•ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืฉืขืช ื—ืฆื•ืช ื”ืœื™ืœื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืœืืžื™ืจืช ื”ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืžื—ืฆื•ืช ื”ืœื™ืœื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ื”ืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื” ืœืขืœื™ื™ืช ื”ืฉื—ืจ, ื•ื”ื•ื ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ื—ืกื“ ื•ืจื—ืžื™ื.
ื‘ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืœืฉื›ื‘ ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉืขื•ืช ืžืื•ื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ืœื™ืœื”, ื•ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืงื™ืžื” ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืฉ ืœืฉื‘ืข, ื›ืฉืขืชื™ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืืฉืžื•ืจืช ื”ื‘ื•ืงืจ, ื•ืื ื™ืงื•ืžื• ื‘ืืฉืžื•ืจืช, ื™ื”ื™ื• ืขื™ื™ืคื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื, ื•ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื ื•ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ืคื’ืข. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ื ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœืงื•ื ื›ื™ื•ื ืœืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื›ืฉืขื” ืื• ื—ืฆื™ ืฉืขื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉืขื” ืฉื”ื ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืฉื—ืจื™ืช. ื•ืืฃ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืขืœื” ื”ืฉื—ืจ, ื”ืฉืขื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœืืžื™ืจืช ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช. ื•ืื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื•ืžืจ ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช ืื—ืจ ื—ืฆื•ืช ื”ืœื™ืœื”, ืขื“ื™ืฃ. ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืื•ืคืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื–ื”ืจ ืฉืืžื™ืจืช ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช ืœื ืชื’ืจื•ื ืœืขื™ื™ืคื•ืช ื›ื–ื• ืฉืชืคื’ืข ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืชื™ื• ื›ืœืคื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ืื• ืชืœืžื•ื“ื•.
ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ืชืืจื’ืŸ ืœืงื™ืžื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช ืœืืžื™ืจืช ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช, ื›ื”ื•ืจืืช ืฉืขื” ืจืฉืื™ ืœื•ืžืจ ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืขืฉืจ ื‘ืœื™ืœื”, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืฉืขืช ื—ืฆื•ืช (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืื’"ืž ืื•"ื— ื‘, ืงื”). ืื•ืœื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื•ืžืจ ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืœื“ืขืช ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœื™ื ื•ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœืคื ื™ ื—ืฆื•ืช ื”ืœื™ืœื” ืžืชืื™ื ืœืืžื™ืจืช ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช, ื›ื™ ืื– ื”ื™ื ืฉืขื” ืฉืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืžืชื•ื—ื”, ื•ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืœื ื‘ื˜ืจื“ื•ืช ื•ื–ื•ื”ืžื ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื•ืžืขืฉื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื (ื‘ืจื›"ื™ ืชืงืคื, ื-ื‘, ืฉืข"ืช ื; ืž"ื‘ ืชืงืกื”, ื™ื‘).
ื™ืฉ ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืงื“ืง ืฉืœื ืœื•ืžืจ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืงืจ ื‘ืขืช ื”ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช, ืฉื™ืฉ ืคื™ื•ื˜ื™ื ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื "ืงืžื ื• ื‘ืืฉืžื•ืจืช", ื•ืžื™ ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืืช ื”ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช ืœืื—ืจ ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืฉื—ืจ, ืื• ืกืžื•ืš ืœื—ืฆื•ืช ื”ืœื™ืœื”, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืœื’ ืขืœ ืคื™ื•ื˜ื™ื ืืœื• (ืขืจื•ื”"ืฉ ืชืงืคื, ื“). ื•ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ืฉืœื ืœื“ืงื“ืง ื‘ื–ื”, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื ื•ืกื— ื ืชืงืŸ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื™ืฉื ื ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืงืžื™ื ื‘ืืฉืžื•ืจืช, ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ ืจืฉืื™ ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืชื "ืงืžื ื• ื‘ืืฉืžื•ืจืช".

ื– - ืžื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช
ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื™"ื’ ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืจื—ืžื™ื ื”ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืื•ืžืจื (ืฉื•"ืข ืชืงืกื”, ื”), ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื’ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืืžื™ืจืช ื—ืฆื™ ื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืฉื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื•ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืชืชืงื‘ืœ ืฉื‘ืกื™ื•ืžืŸ. ื•ืื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื ืงื‘ืข ืœืืžื™ืจืช ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช ืขื•ื“ ืœื ื”ืชืืกืฃ ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื™ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื•ืžืจ 'ืืฉืจื™' ื•ืชื—ื™ื ื•ืช ื•ืคื™ื•ื˜ื™ื ื•ื™ื“ืœื’ื• ืขืœ ื™"ื’ ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืจื—ืžื™ื ื•ื”ื”ืงื“ืžื” ืฉืœืคื ื™ื”ืŸ. ื•ื‘ืขืช ืฉื™ืชืงื‘ืฅ ื”ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืืžืจื• ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืคืกื•ืงื™ื, ื—ืฆื™ ืงื“ื™ืฉ, ื•ืžืื– ื™ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื•ืžืจ ื™"ื’ ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืจื—ืžื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ืคื™ื•ื˜ื™ื (ืž"ื‘ ืชืงืคื, ื“).
ืžื™ ืฉื ืžืฆื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืืžื™ืจืช ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืื ื™ืจืฆื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืืช ื”ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“, ื•ื™ื“ืœื’ ืขืœ ื™"ื’ ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืจื—ืžื™ื ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืื•ืžืจื, ืื• ืฉื™ืงืจืื ื‘ื˜ืขืžื™ื ื›ืงื•ืจื ื‘ืชื•ืจื”. ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื’ื ื™ื“ืœื’ ืขืœ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ืฉื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืืจืžื™ืช (ืฉื•"ืข ืชืงืกื”, ื”; ืž"ื‘ ืชืงืคื, ื“). ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉื ื”ื’ื• ืœืื•ืžืจืŸ ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ (ื›ื”"ื— ืชืงืคื, ื›ื•. ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช).
ืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœื”ืชืขื˜ืฃ ื‘ื˜ืœื™ืช ื‘ืœื™ืœื”, ืœืžื ื”ื’ ืืฉื›ื ื– ื—ื–ืŸ ื”ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชืขื˜ืฃ ื‘ื˜ืœื™ืช, ืฉื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืžื ื”ื’ ืืฉื›ื ื– ืฉืฉืœื™ื— ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžืชืขื˜ืฃ ื‘ื˜ืœื™ืช ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ (ืž"ื ื™ื—, ื‘, ืฉืขื”"ืฆ ืชืงืคื, ื’). ื•ืœืžื ื”ื’ ืชื™ืžื ื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžืชืขื˜ืฃ ื‘ื˜ืœื™ืช.
ืœืžื ื”ื’ ืกืคืจื“ื™ื, ื”ื—ื–ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชืขื˜ืฃ ื‘ื˜ืœื™ืช, ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืช ืžื ื—ื” ื•ืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืช ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ื•ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช ืฉืžืชืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืœื™ืœื”. ืืžื ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื—ื–ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื‘ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื—ืœื™ืคื”, ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืชืขื˜ืฃ ื‘ื˜ืœื™ืช (ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื•, ืžืงืจืื™ ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื, ื”ืขืจื” ืœื”).
ืื ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื‘ืœื™ืœื”, ื”ื—ื–ืŸ ืฉืžืชืขื˜ืฃ ื‘ื˜ืœื™ืช ืื™ื ื• ืžื‘ืจืš ืขืœื™ื”, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ืกืคืง, ืฉืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจื"ืฉ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ื˜ืœื™ืช ื‘ืœื™ืœื”, ื•ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืื™ืŸ ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื, ื•ืกืคืง ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืœื”ืงืœ (ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ืชืงืคื, ื; ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืž"ื‘ ื•). ื•ื™ืฉ ืžื“ืงื“ืงื™ื ืœื”ืชืขื˜ืฃ ื‘ื˜ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจ, ืชื•ืš ืฉื”ื ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ืœืงื ื•ืชื”, ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืœื™ืช ืฉืื•ืœื” ืคื˜ื•ืจื” ืžืฆื™ืฆื™ืช, ืœื›ืœ ื”ื“ืขื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื ืขืœื™ื” (ื˜"ื– ืชืงืคื, ื‘).
ื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื—ืชืŸ ืื• ื‘ืขืœ ื‘ืจื™ืช ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื ื‘ืืžื™ืจืช ื”ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช, ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ื•ื ืคื™ืœืช ืืคื™ื™ื. ื•ืืฃ ืฉื™ืฉ ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื, ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื”ืžื ื”ื’. ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ืืžื™ืจืช ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื’ืžื•ืจื”, ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืฉื—ืชืŸ ื•ื‘ืขืœ ื‘ืจื™ืช ืœื ื™ืฉืชืชืคื• ื‘ืืžื™ืจืช ื”ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœื ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืกืคืง.
ืžื ื”ื’ ืกืคืจื“ื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื•ื—ืœืง ื‘ืขืžื™ื“ื”, ื•ืžื ื”ื’ ืชื™ืžื ื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”, ื•ืžื ื”ื’ ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืขืžื™ื“ื”. ื•ื”ืžืชืงืฉื™ื ืœืขืžื•ื“, ืจืฉืื™ื ืœืฉื‘ืช, ื•ื™ืชืืžืฆื• ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืขืช ืืžื™ืจืช ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ื•ื™"ื’ ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืจื—ืžื™ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืฉืคื•ืชื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ืืจื•ืŸ. ื•ื–ืงื ื™ื ื•ื—ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืฉื’ื ื–ื” ืงืฉื” ืœื”ื, ืจืฉืื™ื ืœืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืœ ื”ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืœื”ืœืŸ ื™ื‘).

ื— - ื™"ื’ ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืจื—ืžื™ื
ืฉื™ืื” ืฉืœ ืชืคื™ืœืช ื”ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืืžื™ืจืช ื™"ื’ ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืจื—ืžื™ื, ืฉื”ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ื”' ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืืœื• ื ืชื’ืœื• ืœืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืžื—ืœ ื”' ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืœ ื—ื˜ื ื”ืขื’ืœ, ืฉืื– ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื•: "ื”ึทืจึฐืึตื ึดื™ ื ึธื ืึถืช ื›ึผึฐื‘ึนื“ึถืšึธ". ื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืœื• ื”': "ืึฒื ึดื™ ืึทืขึฒื‘ึดื™ืจ ื›ึผึธืœ ื˜ื•ึผื‘ึดื™ ืขึทืœ ืคึผึธื ึถื™ืšึธ ื•ึฐืงึธืจึธืืชึดื™ ื‘ึฐืฉืึตื ื”' ืœึฐืคึธื ึถื™ืšึธ", ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืื’ืœื” ืœืš ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ืื ื™ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ. "ื•ึทื™ึผึตืจึถื“ ื”' ื‘ึผึถืขึธื ึธืŸ ื•ึทื™ึผึดืชึฐื™ึทืฆึผึตื‘ ืขึดืžึผื•ึน ืฉืึธื, ื•ึทื™ึผึดืงึฐืจึธื ื‘ึฐืฉืึตื ื”'". "ื•ึทื™ึผึทืขึฒื‘ึนืจ ื”' ืขึทืœ ืคึผึธื ึธื™ื• ื•ึทื™ึผึดืงึฐืจึธื (ื”' ืงืจื ื•ื’ื™ืœื” ืืช ืžื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื• ืœืžืฉื”): ื”' ื”' ืึต-ืœ ืจึทื—ื•ึผื ื•ึฐื—ึทื ึผื•ึผืŸ ืึถืจึถืšึฐ ืึทืคึผึทื™ึดื ื•ึฐืจึทื‘ ื—ึถืกึถื“ ื•ึถืึฑืžึถืช ื ึนืฆึตืจ ื—ึถืกึถื“ ืœึธืึฒืœึธืคึดื™ื ื ึนืฉื‚ึตื ืขึธื•ึนืŸ ื•ึธืคึถืฉืึทืข ื•ึฐื—ึทื˜ึผึธืึธื” ื•ึฐื ึทืงึผึตื”" (ืฉืžื•ืช ืœื“, ื”-ื–). ื•ืืœื• ื”ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืขืฉืจื” ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืจื—ืžื™ื.
"ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ: ืืœืžืœื ืžืงืจื ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืื•ืžืจื•, ืžืœืžื“ ืฉื ืชืขื˜ืฃ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ื›ืฉืœื™ื— ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ื•ื”ืจืื” ืœื• ืœืžืฉื” ืกื“ืจ ืชืคื™ืœื”. ืืžืจ ืœื•: ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื™ืฉืจืืœ ื—ื•ื˜ืื™ื - ื™ืขืฉื• ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืกื“ืจ ื”ื–ื”, ื•ืื ื™ ืžื•ื—ืœ ืœื”ื" (ืจ"ื” ื™ื–, ื‘). ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืชืขื ื™ืช ื•ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื, ืžืจื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” ืืช ื™"ื’ ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืจื—ืžื™ื.
ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื—ื˜ื ื”ื ื•ืจื, ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”' ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื ื ืฆื—ื™, ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื˜ืื™ื ืื™ื ื ืžื‘ื˜ืœื™ื ืื•ืชื•. ื”ื—ื˜ืื™ื ืืžื ื ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœืขื•ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืงืฉื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”' ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืืคืฉืจ ืชืžื™ื“ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”. ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืืžื™ืจืช ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืขืฉืจื” ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืจื—ืžื™ื, ื”ื ื ื• ืžืชืขืœื™ื ื‘ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ืžืชืงืฉืจื™ื ืืœ ื”' ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืžื•ืง ื•ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื›ืœ ื›ืš, ืขื“ ืฉืžืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉื”ื—ื˜ืื™ื ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื ื•ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ืืคืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืชืจ ืงืœื•ืช ืœืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”. ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื™"ื’ ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืจื—ืžื™ื ืžืชื’ืœื” ืžืขืœืช ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืจืง ื‘ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืื•ืžืจืŸ (ืฉื•"ืข ืชืงืกื”, ื”. ื•ื‘ื”ืœื›ื” ื–' ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“). 4

ื˜ - ืชืขื ื™ื•ืช ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”
ืจื‘ื™ื ื ื”ื’ื• ืœืฆื•ื ื‘ืขืจื‘ ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื”, ืœืฉื ืงื‘ืœืช ื™ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ื•ื ื•ืช, ืฉื”ื™ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื—ื•ื˜ื ืžืงื‘ืœ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืœืฉื ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ืžื›ืคืจื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ื•ืคื•ื˜ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืžื”ืขื•ื ืฉื™ื ื”ื—ืžื•ืจื™ื ืฉื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ื”ื ื‘ืขื•ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื•. ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืชืขื ื™ื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ื”ืฆื•ืžื•ืช ืžื›ืคืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืคื•ื˜ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžืขื•ื ืฉื.
ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื (ืชื ื—ื•ืžื ืืžื•ืจ ื›ื‘): ืžืฉืœ ืœืžื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื“ื•ืžื”? ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืžืก ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœืžืœืš, ื•ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžืœืš ืžืฉืœื— ืฉืœื™ื—ื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื•ืชื•, ื•ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืฉืœืžืช ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื”ื—ื•ื‘ ื’ื“ื•ืœ. ืžื” ืขืฉื” ื”ืžืœืš? ืืžืจ ืœื‘ื ื™ ืคืœื˜ืจื™ืŸ ืฉืœื• ื•ืฆื‘ืื•: ืขื™ืžื“ื• ื•ื ืœืš ืขืœื™ื”ื! ืขื“ ืฉื”ื™ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืขืฉืจื” ืžื™ืœื™ืŸ, ืฉืžืขื• ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ืคื—ื“ื•. ืžื” ืขืฉื•? ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœืฆืืช ืœืงืจืืช ื”ืžืœืš. ืืžืจ ืœื”ื: ืžื™ ืืชื? ืืžืจื• ืœื•: ื‘ื ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืคืœื•ื ื™ืช ืื ื• ืฉืฉืœื—ืช ืœื’ื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื•. ืืžืจ ืœื”ื: ื•ืžื” ืืชื ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื? ืืžืจื• ืœื•: ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ืžืžืš ืขืฉื” ืขืžื ื• ื—ืกื“ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืžื” ืœื™ืชืŸ. ืืžืจ ืœื”ื: ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื›ื ืื ื™ ืžื ื™ื— ืœื›ื ืฉืœื™ืฉ. ืขื“ ืฉื”ืชืงืจื‘ ืœืขื™ืจ, ื™ืฆืื• ืœืงืจืืชื• ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ืืžืจ ืœื”ื: ื•ืžื™ ืืชื? ืืžืจื• ืœื•: ื‘ื ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืคืœื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืฉืœื—ืช ืœื’ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ื›ื•ื— ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ื ืืœื ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ืžืžืš ืฉืชืจื—ื ืขืœื™ื ื•. ื”ื ื™ื— ืœื”ื ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™. ืขื“ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื”ืœืš ื•ืžืชืงืจื‘ ื™ืฆืื• ืœืงืจืืชื• ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ืงื˜ื ื™ื. ืืžืจ ืœื”ื: ืžื” ืืชื ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื? ืืžืจื• ืœื•: ืื“ื•ื ื ื• ื”ืžืœืš ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ื›ื•ื— ืœื™ืชืŸ ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืš. ื”ื ื™ื— ืœื”ื ื”ื›ืœ.
ื”ืžืœืš ื–ื” ืžืœืš ืžืœื›ื™ ื”ืžืœื›ื™ื ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ื•ื™ืชืขืœื” ืฉืžื•, ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืืœื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื”ื ืžืกื’ืœื™ื ืขื•ื•ื ื•ืช ื›ืœ ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื”. ืžื” ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืขื•ืฉื”? ืื•ืžืจ ืœื”ื: ืขืฉื• ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืžืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื”. ื•ืžื” ื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื? ืขืจื‘ ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื”ื“ื•ืจ ืžืชืขื ื™ื ื•ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืžื•ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื ืฉืœื™ืฉ ืžืขื•ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื”ื, ื•ืžืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื•ืขื“ ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ืคื•ืจื™ื ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื ืžืชืขื ื™ื ื•ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืžื•ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉ ืžืขื•ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื”ื. ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ืคื•ืจื™ื ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืชืขื ื™ื ื•ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืจื—ืžื™ื, ืื ืฉื™ื ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื˜ืฃ, ื•ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืžื•ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื ืืช ื”ื›ืœ, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื˜ื–, ืœ): "ื›ึผึดื™ ื‘ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทื–ึผึถื” ื™ึฐื›ึทืคึผึตืจ ืขึฒืœึตื™ื›ึถื ืœึฐื˜ึทื”ึตืจ ืึถืชึฐื›ึถื ืžึดื›ึผึนืœ ื—ึทื˜ึผึนืืชึตื™ื›ึถื ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ื”' ืชึผึดื˜ึฐื”ึธืจื•ึผ".
ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉื”ืฆื•ื ืฉืœืคื ื™ ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ืžื•ืขื™ืœ ืžืื•ื“, ื ื”ื’ื• ืจื•ื‘ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœืฆื•ื ื‘ื• (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืœื›ื” ื”ื‘ืื”). ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš (ืชืงืคื, ื‘): "ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื”ืชืขื ื•ืช ืขืจื‘ ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื”". ืืžื ื ืฆื•ื ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ื—ืžื•ืจ ื›ืฆื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืื ื• ืฆืžื™ื ืœื–ื›ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ื ื ื”ื’ื• ืœืฆื•ื ื‘ื• ืขื“ ื—ืฆื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื ืื• ืขื“ ืคืœื’ ื”ืžื ื—ื”, ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืื•ืคืŸ ื ื”ื’ื• ืฉืœื ืœืฆื•ื ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื™ื•ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื›ื ืกื• ืœื—ื’ ื›ืฉื”ื ืžืขื•ื ื™ื (ืจืž"ื ืฉื; ืž"ื‘ ืชืงืกื‘, ื™).
ื•ื”ื™ื• ืฉื ื”ื’ื• ืœืฆื•ื ืขืฉืจื” ื™ืžื™ื, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืž"ื (ืฉื): "ื•ื”ืžื“ืงื“ืงื™ื ื ื”ื’ื• ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืชืขื ื” ืขืฉืจื” ื™ืžื™ื, ื•ื›ืŸ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช". ื•ื”ื™ื• ืฆืžื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืš ืขืฉืจืช ื™ืžื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉืฉื” ื™ืžื™ื, ืฉื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฆืžื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื”, ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื•ื‘ืขืจื‘ ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื. ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืœืขืฉืจื” ื™ืžื™ื, ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื• ืœืฆื•ื ืขื•ื“ ืืจื‘ืขื” ื™ืžื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื”.
ื‘ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื ืชืžืขื˜ื• ืžืื•ื“ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื‘ืžื ื”ื’ื™ ื”ืชืขื ื™ื•ืช, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืขืจื‘ ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ืจื•ื‘ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื™ื ื ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœืฆื•ื. ื™ืฉ ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื™ืจื“ื” ื—ื•ืœืฉื” ืœืขื•ืœื ื•ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื ืขืฉื• ืžืคื•ื ืงื™ื, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ืžื”ื ืœืฆืขืจ ืขืฆืžื ื‘ืžื ื”ื’ื™ ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช (ื—"ื ืงืœื—, ื). ื•ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ืชื ื•ืขืช ื”ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช ืกื‘ืจื• ืฉืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืžื—ื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืžื ื”ื’ื™ื ืฉืคื•ื’ืžื™ื ื‘ืฉืžื—ื”. ื•ืžื™ ืฉืจื•ืฆื” ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ืื‘ืœ ื”ืฆื•ื ืงืฉื” ืœื•, ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉื™ืคื“ื” ืืช ื”ืชืขื ื™ืช ื‘ืฆื“ืงื”, ื›ืคื™ ื”ืฉื•ื•ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœืฉืœื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœืฆื•ื, ืื• ืœื›ืœ ื”ืคื—ื•ืช ื›ืคื™ ืฉื•ื•ื™ ื”ืžืื›ืœื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืจื’ื™ืœ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ื.

ื™ - ืขืจื‘ ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื”
ื›ืคื™ ืฉืœืžื“ื ื• ื‘ื”ืœื›ื” ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช, ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื ื”ื’ื• ืจื•ื‘ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืฆื•ื ื‘ืขืจื‘ ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” (ืฉื•"ืข ืชืงืคื, ื‘; ืž"ื‘ ื˜ื–), ื•ื›ื™ื•ื ืžื ื”ื’ ืจื•ื‘ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืœื ืœืฆื•ื, ื•ืจืง ืžืขื˜ื™ื ืžื”ื“ืจื™ื ืœืฆื•ื ืขื“ ื—ืฆื•ืช ืื• ืขื“ ืคืœื’ ื”ืžื ื—ื”, ื•ื™ืฉ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœืคื“ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฆื•ื ื‘ืฆื“ืงื”.
ืžื ื”ื’ ืืฉื›ื ื– ืœื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืขืจื‘ ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืืจ ื”ื™ืžื™ื, ื•ืื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื•ืžืจ ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื—ืจ, ื ื•ืคืœื™ื ืืคื™ื™ื ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืฉื—ืจื™ืช ืื™ืŸ ื ื•ืคืœื™ื ืืคื™ื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืขืจื‘ ื—ื’. ื•ืื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื•ืžืจ ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช ืœืื—ืจ ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื—ืจ, ืื™ืŸ ื ื•ืคืœื™ื ืืคื™ื™ื ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช (ืž"ื‘ ืชืงืคื, ื›ื’). 5
ื‘ืขืจื‘ ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ืื™ืŸ ืชื•ืงืขื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ืคืจ, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื“ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืงื™ืขื•ืช ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืืœื•ืœ ืœืชืงื™ืขื•ืช ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” (ืฉื•"ืข ืชืงืคื, ื’; ืœื‘ื•ืฉ). ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉื”ื—ืžื™ืจื• ื’ื ืฉืœื ืœื”ืชืืžืŸ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ื ืœืงืจืืช ื”ืชืงื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื”, ืื•ืœื ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืชืืžืŸ, ืจืฉืื™ ืœืชืงื•ืข ื‘ืชื•ืš ื—ื“ืจ ืกื’ื•ืจ (ืž"ื ื™ื“; ื"ืจ ื“; ืž"ื‘ ื›ื“).
ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ื•ื 'ืžืงืจื ืงื•ื“ืฉ', ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื‘ื“ื• ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžื›ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉื‘ืชื•ืช ื•ื—ื’ื™ื, ื•ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืงืจืืชื• ื‘ื ื™ืงื•ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช, ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืก ื”ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื, ืจื—ืฆืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ื”ื›ื ืช ืžืื›ืœื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ืกื™ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ. ื•ืžื™ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืกืชืคืจ ืื• ืœื”ืชื’ืœื—, ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืฉื™ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ื›ืš ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื—ื’ (ืฉื•"ืข ืชืงืคื, ื, ืœื”ืœืŸ ื’, ื“).
ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื”ื“ืจ ื‘ื”ื›ื ืช ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœื™ ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื”, ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ืกื™ืžืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืฉื ื” ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ื“ืฉื ื”. ื•ื›ืš ื”ื™ื” ืžื ื”ื’ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื™ืžื™ื ื™ืžื™ืžื” ืœืฉื—ื•ื˜ ื‘ืขืจื‘ ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื‘ื”ืžื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืกืขื•ื“ืช ื”ื—ื’, ืขื“ ืฉืขืจื‘ ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœืื—ื“ ืžืืจื‘ืขื” ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื ื”ื’ื• ืœืฉื—ื•ื˜ ื‘ื”ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื”ืžื•ืช ืžืืฉืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื ื”, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื–ื”ืจ ืื– ืฉืœื ืœืฉื—ื•ื˜ ืื ื•ื‘ื ื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ (ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืคื’, ื).
ื™ืฉ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื˜ื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ืขืจื‘ ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื˜ื”ืจ ืœืงืจืืช ื™ื•ื ื”ื“ื™ืŸ (ืจืž"ื ืชืงืคื, ื“). ื•ืžื™ ืฉืจื•ืฆื” ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ื•ืงืฉื” ืœื• ืœืœื›ืช ืœืžืงื•ื•ื”, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ืžื ื”ื’ ื”ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืจื—ื™ืฆื” ืฉืœ ื˜' ืงื‘ื™ืŸ (ืž"ื‘ ื›ื•). ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื™ืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืžืงืœื—ืช ืขื“ ืฉื™ื–ืจืžื• ืขืœื™ื• ืžื™ื ื‘ืจืฆื™ืคื•ืช ื›ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื˜' ืงื‘ื™ืŸ, ืฉื”ื ื›-11 ืœื™ื˜ืจ, ื•ื™ืงืคื™ื“ ืฉืžื™ื ืืœื• ื™ืจื—ืฆื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื’ื•ืคื• (ืคื ื”"ืœ ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื ื, ื˜ื–, 8).
ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื‘ืขืจื‘ ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ืœืขืจื•ืš ื”ืชืจืช ื ื“ืจื™ื, ื•ืœืžืกื•ืจ ืžื•ื“ืขื” ืœืขืชื™ื“ (ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืœื”ืœืŸ ื”, ื™ื-ื™ื‘).

ื™ื - ื”ื—ื–ืŸ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื ื•ืจืื™ื
ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื™ืฉื ื• ืœื—ื–ืŸ, ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”. ืคืขืžื™ื ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืงื”ืœ ืื•ืžืจ ืื™ืชื• ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ื”ื•ื ืงื•ื‘ืข ืืช ื”ืงืฆื‘, ื•ืคืขืžื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื‘ื“ื• ืื•ืžืจ ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื‘ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ื•ื”ืงื”ืœ ืขื•ื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื• ืืžืŸ, ื›ืžื• ื‘ื—ื–ืจืช ื”ืฉ"ืฅ ื•ืืžื™ืจืช ื”ืงื“ื™ืฉื™ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื ืงืจื 'ืฉืœื™ื— ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ'.
ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืงื“ืง ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืฉืœื™ื— ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืจืื•ื™ ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ื”ืžืงื•ื“ืฉ. ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ื’ื•ืŸ, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื™ื“ื• ืขื•ื•ื ื•ืช, ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืขื•ื•ืŸ ื’ื–ืœ. ื•ืคืจืงื• ื ืื”, ืฉืœื ื™ืฆื ืขืœื™ื• ืฉื ืจืข ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื ืขืจื•ืชื• ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืขื‘ืจ ื‘ื–ื“ื•ืŸ. ื•ื™ื”ื™ื” ืขื ื• ื•ืžืจื•ืฆื” ืœืขื, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉืœื™ื— ืฉืœื”ื. ื•ื™ื”ื™ื” ืจื’ื™ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื‘ื“ื™ื™ืงื ื•ืช, ื•ื™ื”ื™ื” ืจื’ื™ืœ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–"ืœ. ื•ื™ื“ืข ืœื‘ืฆืข ืืช ื”ืžื ื’ื™ื ื•ืช ื›ืจืื•ื™, ื•ื™ื”ื™ื” ืงื•ืœื• ืขืจื‘, ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืžื›ื‘ื“ ืืช ื‘ื•ืจืื• ื‘ืงื•ืœื• ื•ืžื•ืฉืš ื•ืžืจื•ืžื ืืช ื”ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืชื. ื•ืื ืœื ืžืฆืื• ืžื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื• ื›ืœ ื”ืžืขืœื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•, ื™ื‘ื—ืจื• ืืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉื‘ื”ื ื‘ื—ื›ืžื” ื•ื‘ืžืขืฉื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื (ืชืขื ื™ืช ื˜ื–, ื; ืฉื•"ืข ื ื’, ื“-ื”).
ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืคื ื™ื”ื ืฉืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช: ื–ืงืŸ ืขื ื”ืืจืฅ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ืžืฉื‘ืฉ ืืช ืžื™ืœื•ืชื™ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืงื•ืœื• ื ืขื™ื ื•ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืจื•ืฆื” ื‘ื•, ื•ืœืขื•ืžืชื• ื ืขืจ ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืขืฉืจื” ืฉืื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืข ืืช ื”ืžื ื’ื™ื ื•ืช ืื‘ืœ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”, ื”ื ืขืจ ืขื“ื™ืฃ.
ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืชืขื ื™ืช ืขืœ ื’ืฉืžื™ื ืฉื ืขืฆืจื•, ื”ืฉืชื“ืœื• ืฉื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžืขืœื•ืช ืฉื ื–ื›ืจื•, ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ื—ื–ืŸ ืขื ื™ ื•ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ ื‘ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื‘ืžื” ืœืคืจื ืกื ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื™ื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืฉื“ื”, ืฉืกื‘ืœื• ืžื”ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ื’ื“ื•ืœ. ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืชืคืœืœื• ืขืœ ืฆืจื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช, ื”ืฉืชื“ืœื• ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ื—ื–ืŸ ืื—ื“ ืžืืœื• ืฉืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื™ืฉื™ ืžื”ืฆืขืจ ืฉืขืœื™ื• ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื, ืื• ืื—ื“ ืžืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื ื•ืฉื ื‘ืขื•ืœ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ (ืชืขื ื™ืช ื˜ื–, ื; ืž"ื‘ ืชืงืคื, ื™).
ื•ื›ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื”ื—ื–ืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื ืฉื•ื™, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ืฉื•ื™. ื•ื›ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื, ื›ืฉื ืฉื‘ื ื™ ืœื•ื™ ื ื›ื ืกื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื ื‘ื ื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื (ืจืž"ื ืชืงืคื, ื). ื‘ืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ืจื•ื•ืง ื•ืฆืขื™ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ืœืขื ื”ืืจืฅ ื ืฉื•ื™ ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื (ืž"ื‘ ื™ื’). ื•ืื ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื—ื–ืง ืื“ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื–ืŸ, ื’ื ืื ืžืฆืื• ื—ื–ืŸ ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืžืžื ื•, ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ืจื™ื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืžื—ื–ืงืชื• ืืœื ืื ื›ืŸ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื• ืคืกื•ืœ (ืฉื•"ืข ื ื’, ื›ื”).
ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื—ื–"ืœ ืืกื•ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืกื™ื“ื•ืจื™ื, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืจืง ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื›ืชื‘, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืชื "ืš, ื”ื•ืชืจ ืœื›ืชื•ื‘, ืื‘ืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ืขืœ ืคื”, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœื ื”ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืฉืชื™ืงื ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื - ืืกื•ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ (ืชืžื•ืจื” ื™ื“, ื‘). ื•ืื– ื”ื—ื–ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื•ืžืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื‘ืงื•ืœ ืจื, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื ื™ื“ืขื• ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืขืœ ืคื”. ื•ื ื”ื’ื• ืœืžื ื•ืช ื—ื–ืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืข ืœื›ืœ ื”ืฉื ื”, ื•ื”ืงืคื™ื“ื• ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื• ื›ืœ ื”ืžืขืœื•ืช ื”ื ื–ื›ืจื•ืช. ื•ืืžืจื• ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืžืกื™ื™ืข ืœืžื ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ื— ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื”ื’ื•ืŸ, ื’ื•ื–ืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืŸ ื”ืงื”ืœ ื•ืขืชื™ื“ ืœื™ืชืŸ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ (ืกืคืจ ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื ืชืฉื "ื—; ืž"ื‘ ืชืงืคื, ื™).
ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชื™ืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ ืคื”, ื•ืขื ื”ื•ืคืขืช ื”ื“ืคื•ืก ื ืขืฉื• ื”ืกื™ื“ื•ืจื™ื ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื“ ื›ื•ืœื, ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืžื ื•ืช ื—ื–ืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืข ืœื›ืœ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช, ื›ื™ ื”ื›ืœ ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืกื™ื“ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ื“ื. ืœื›ืŸ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœืžื ื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ืชืคื™ืœื” ื—ื–ืŸ ืื—ืจ, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžื“ืงื“ืงื™ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื‘ืžืขืœื•ืชื™ื•.
ืื•ืœื ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื ื•ืจืื™ื, ืฉืื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื ื•ื ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืฉื™ืžื—ืœ ืœื ื• ืขืœ ื—ื˜ืื™ื ื• ื•ื™ืฆื™ืœื ื• ืžืŸ ื”ืฆืจื•ืช ื•ื™ืงืจื‘ ืืช ื’ืื•ืœืชื ื•, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื•. ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœ ื›ืš ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืช ืžื•ืกืฃ, ืฉื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ืชื•ืงืขื™ื ื‘ื” ื‘ืฉื•ืคืจ, ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ื” ืืช ืกื“ืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ. ื•ื”ืžืœื™ืฆื• ืœืžื™ ืฉื™ื•ื“ืข ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ืฉืื™ื ื• ื”ื’ื•ืŸ, ืฉื™ื™ืžื ืข ืžืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื–ืŸ, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ืฉืžื™ื™ื ืžืžื”ืจื™ื ืœื”ืขื ื™ืฉ ื—ื–ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืจืื•ื™ ืขืœ ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ื“ื• (ื"ืจ, ืž"ื‘ ืชืงืคื, ื™).
ืื ื‘ื—ืจื• ื‘ืื“ื ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืชืื™ื, ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืœื ืœืขื•ืจืจ ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืขืœ ื›ืš. ืจืืฉื™ืช, ืžืคื ื™ ื—ื•ืžืจืช ืขื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช. ืฉื ื™ืช, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื’ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื ื•ืจืื™ื, ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืชืคืœืœ ืœืขืฆืžื• ืžืžื—ื–ื•ืจื•, ื•ืื™ื ื• ื™ื•ืฆื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืช ืชืคื™ืœืชื• ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืช ื”ื—ื–ืŸ (ื—ืช"ืก ืื•"ื— ืจื”; ืž"ื‘ ืชืงืคื, ื™ื).
ื”ื ืขื™ืžื” ื•ื”ืงื•ืœ ื”ื™ืคื” ื ืฆืจื›ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืœื—ื–ื ื•ืช, ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ื—ื–ืŸ ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื™ืจืชื• ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืžื™ื™ื, ื•ืœื ื™ืืจื™ืš ื‘ื—ื–ื ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชื’ืื•ืช ื‘ืงื•ืœื• ื”ื™ืคื”. ื•ืื ื”ืืจื™ืš ื‘ื’ืื•ื•ื”, ืขืœื™ื• ื ืืžืจ (ื™ืจืžื™ื”ื• ื™ื‘, ื—): "ื ึธืชึฐื ึธื” ืขึธืœึทื™ ื‘ึผึฐืงื•ึนืœึธื”ึผ ืขึทืœ ื›ึผึตืŸ ืฉื‚ึฐื ึตืืชึดื™ื”ึธ". ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ื•ื ืžื ืขื™ื ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื‘ืงื•ืœ ืขืจื‘ ื•ืžื ื’ื™ื ื•ืช ื ืื•ืช ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืžื™ื™ื ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื•ืจืจ ืืช ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ืชื‘ื•ื ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืจื›ื” ื•ืฉื›ืจื• ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืื•ื“ (ืจืฉื‘"ื, ืฉื•"ืข ื ื’, ื™ื).

ื™ื‘ - ืงื•ืœ ืจื ื•ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ืขืช ืคืชื™ื—ืช ื”ืืจื•ืŸ
ื”ืœื›ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืชืคื™ืœืช ืขืžื™ื“ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ืืžืจ ื‘ืœื—ืฉ (ืคื ื”"ืœ ืชืคื™ืœื” ื™ื–, ื–), ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื•ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืฉื ื”ื’ื• ืœื•ืžืจ ืืช ืชืคื™ืœืช ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ืงื•ืœ, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื•ืจืจ ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื”. ื•ืืฃ ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื ื” ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืงืœ ื‘ื–ื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ืœื‘ืœื‘ืœ ืืช ืฉืืจ ื”ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื, ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื•ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื›ืœ ืžื—ื–ื•ืจื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉืฉืืจ ื”ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ื™ื˜ืขื• ืขืงื‘ ื›ืš ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืชื (ืฉื•"ืข ืชืงืคื‘, ื˜). ื•ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืœื ื™ื’ื‘ื™ื”ื• ืงื•ืœื, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ืคืจื™ืขื• ืœืฉืืจ ื”ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื, ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื™ืจืื• ื›ื ื‘ื™ืื™ ื”ื‘ืขืœ ืฉืฆื•ืขืงื™ื ืืœ ืืœื™ืœื™ื”ื (ืจืž"ื, ืž"ื‘ ื™ื‘).
ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ืœื—ืฉ ืืช ืชืคื™ืœืช ืขืžื™ื“ื”, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืœืจื•ื ื’ื•ื‘ื”ื” ืฉืœ ืชืคื™ืœืช ืขืžื™ื“ื”, ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ื ืกืชืจืช ืžืื•ื–ื ื ืฉืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื (ืž"ื ืื•"ื— ืงื, ื“; ืž"ื‘ ื™ื). ื•ืื“ืจื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื ื•ืจืื™ื ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœ ื›ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ื•ืœื ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ื‘ืœื—ืฉ, ื›ืžื• ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช, ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ืงื•ืœ. ื•ืืฃ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉื™ื˜ืขื• ื‘ื ื•ืกื— ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื”ืžื—ื–ื•ืจื™ื ืœืคื ื™ื”ื, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื”ืžืชืคืœืœ ื‘ืงื•ืœ ืžืกื™ื— ืืช ื“ืขืช ื”ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ื•ืคื•ื’ื ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื.
ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื—ื–ื•ืจื™ื, ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœืคืชื•ื— ืืช ืืจื•ืŸ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื‘ืขืช ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช, ื•ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฉืขื” ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื”ื›ืœ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ. ืืžื ื ืžืฆื“ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ, ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื”ื™ื ืจืง ื‘ืขืช ืฉืžื•ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืืช ื”ืกืคืจ, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•, ื‘ืืจื•ืŸ ืื• ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืžื”, ืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœืขืžื•ื“. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื–ืงื ื™ื ื•ื—ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืงืฉื” ืœื”ื ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฉืขื”, ื’ื ื‘ืขืช ืฉืคื•ืชื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ืืจื•ืŸ ืจืฉืื™ื ืœืฉื‘ืช. ื•ืจืง ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื™ื•ืœื™ื›ื• ืืช ืกืคืจ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื™ื›ืœ ืœื‘ื™ืžื” ื•ืžืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืžื” ืœื”ื™ื›ืœ - ื™ืชืืžืฆื• ืœืขืžื•ื“. 6




^ 1.. ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื• ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืกืคืจื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื ื”ื’ื• ืœืชืงื•ืข ื‘ืขืช ื”ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช, ื•ื”ื™ื• ืฉื ื”ื’ื• ืœืชืงื•ืข (ื›ื”"ื— ืชืงืคื, ื™ื’). ื•ื›ื™ื•ื ื›ืžืขื˜ ื”ื›ืœ ืชื•ืงืขื™ื ื‘ืขืช ื”ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช ืชืฉืจ"ืช ืชืฉ"ืช ื•ืชืจ"ืช ื‘ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืชืชืงื‘ืœ, ื•ื™ืฉ ืชื•ืงืขื™ื ื’ื ื‘ืขืช ืืžื™ืจืช ื™"ื’ ืžื™ื“ื•ืช. ื’ื ืขื•ืœื™ ืชื™ืžืŸ ืชื•ืงืขื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช, ื•ื™ืฉ ืชื•ืงืขื™ื ื’ื ื‘ื™"ื’ ืžื™ื“ื•ืช. ื•ืžื ื”ื’ ืืฉื›ื ื– ืœืชืงื•ืข ืชืฉืจ"ืช ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ืชืคื™ืœืช ืฉื—ืจื™ืช. ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืฆื™ืฅ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื™ื‘, ืžื—, ืฉื”ืžื ื”ื’ ื”ื•ื ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ืœื ืœื™ื—ื™ื“. ืขื•ื“ ื™ืฉ ืžื ื”ื’ ืœื™ื•ืฆืื™ ืืฉื›ื ื–, ืœื•ืžืจ ืžืจ"ื— ืืœื•ืœ ื•ืขื“ ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืจืช ื‘ืฉื—ืจื™ืช ื•ื‘ืžื ื—ื” ืื• ื‘ืขืจื‘ื™ืช "ืœึฐื“ึธื•ึดื“ ื”' ืื•ึนืจึดื™" (ืชื”ืœื™ื ื›ื–).
^ 2.. ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ืคื™ื•ื˜ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ืคื ื™ื™ืช ื‘ืงืฉื” ืืœ ื”ืžืœืื›ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืจืง ืืœ ื”' ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืคื ื•ืช ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” (ืจืžื‘"ื, ืจืžื‘"ืŸ). ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ "ืžื›ื ื™ืกื™ ืจื—ืžื™ื ื”ื›ื ื™ืกื• ืจื—ืžื™ื ื• ืœืคื ื™ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืจื—ืžื™ื", ืฉื ื–ื›ืจ ื‘ืกื“ืจ ืจื‘ ืขืžืจื ื’ืื•ืŸ (ื•ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ื ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœืื•ืžืจื• ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช), ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื“ืขืชื ืื™ืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ืคื™ื•ื˜ "ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืจื—ืžื™ื ืขืœื™ื ื• ื”ืชื’ืœื’ืœื™ ื•ืœืคื ื™ ืงื•ื ืš ืชื—ื™ื ืชื ื• ื”ืคื™ืœื™ ื•ื‘ืขื“ ืขืžืš ืจื—ืžื™ื ืฉืืœื™".
ื•ื“ืขืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืฉืžื•ืชืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ืืช ื”ืคื™ื•ื˜ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืฉื ืชื—ื‘ืจื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืงื“ืžื•ื ื™ื ื•ื ื”ื’ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืื•ืžืจื ื‘ืžืฉืš ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ืžืชืคืœืœ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื”ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื”, ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืžื”ืžืœืื›ื™ื ืฉื ื‘ืจืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ื• ื™ืชื‘ืจืš, ืฉื™ืžืœืื• ืืช ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืชื (ืจื‘ ืฉืจื™ืจื ื’ืื•ืŸ, ืจื‘ื™ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžื’ืจืžื™ื™ื–ื ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืจื•ืงื—; ืฉื‘ืœื™ ื”ืœืงื˜ ืจื ื‘; ืžื”ืจ"ื™ ื‘ืจื•ื ื). ื•ื›ืŸ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืจื•ื‘ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉืœื ืœื”ืฉืžื™ื˜ ืคื™ื•ื˜ื™ื ืืœื• ืžื”ืกื™ื“ื•ืจ. ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉืžืกื›ื™ืžื™ื ืขื ื“ืขืช ื”ืžื—ืžื™ืจื™ื, ืืš ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืืžื™ืจืช ืคื™ื•ื˜ื™ื ืืœื• ืฉื ื”ื’ื• ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืื•ืžืจื, ืžืฉื ื™ื ืžืขื˜ ืืช ื ื•ืกื—ื, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืชื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืคื ื™ืช ืืœ ื”', ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืจื” ืœืžืœืื›ื™ื ืžื›ื ื™ืกื™ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ืฉื™ื›ื ื™ืกื• ืืช ืชืคื™ืœื•ืชื™ื ื• ืœืคื ื™ื• (ืžื”ืจ"ืœ ื ืชื™ื‘ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื™ื‘, ื•ื›ืŸ ื ื”ื’ ื”ืจืฆื™"ื”). ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉื”ืืจื™ื›ื• ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœืคื ื™ื”ื, ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืœื ื”ืกืคื™ืงื• ืœืื•ืžืจื, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื‘ื™ื˜ืœื• ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžืœืื•ืžืจื (ื—ืช"ืก ืื•"ื— ืงืกื•). ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืกืคืจ ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื ืœืฉืžื—ื” ืืœื•ืœ-ืชืฉืจื™ ืขืž' ืœื–-ืกื‘.
^ 3.. ื”ื˜ืขื ืœื”ืงืคื“ื” ืขืœ ืืจื‘ืขื” ื™ืžื™ื, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืจื‘ื™ื ื ื”ื’ื• ืœื”ืชืขื ื•ืช ืขืฉืจื” ื™ืžื™ื ืœืฉื ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื”ืœื›ื” ื˜'. ื•ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื‘ืขืฉืจืช ื™ืžื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฆื•ื ืจืง ืฉืฉื” ื™ืžื™ื (ื›ื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืจ"ื”, ืฉื‘ืช ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ืขืจื‘ ื™ื•ื ื›ื™ืคื•ืจ), ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื• ืœื”ืชืขื ื•ืช ืืจื‘ืขื” ื™ืžื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื•ืืžืจื• ื‘ื”ื ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช. ื•ืืฃ ืฉื›ื™ื•ื ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ื”ืจื•ื•ื— ืฉืœื ืœื”ืชืขื ื•ืช ืขืฉืจื” ื™ืžื™ื, ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ื‘ืžื ื”ื’. ื•ืขื•ื“, ืฉื”ืื“ื ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืขืฆืžื• ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืงื‘"ื”, ื•ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื›ื™ื ื ื•ืœื‘ืงืจื ืžืžื•ืžื™ื ืœื›ืœ ื”ืคื—ื•ืช ืืจื‘ืขื” ื™ืžื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืงืจื‘ืชื. ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ืชื‘ืœื‘ืœื• ืงื‘ืขื• ืืช ืžื•ืฆืื™ ืฉื‘ืช ื›ื™ื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœืืžื™ืจืช ื”ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช (ื˜ื•ืจ ื•ืจืž"ื ืชืงืคื, ื, ืž"ื‘ ื•). ืขื•ื“ ื˜ืขื ืœืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืžื•ืฆืื™ ืฉื‘ืช, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชื—ื ืŸ ืžืชื•ืš ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช, ืฉื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ื”ื›ืœ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” ืžืชื•ืš ืฉืžื—ื” ื•ืขื•ื ื’, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ืฉื•ืจื” ืืœื ืžืชื•ืš ืฉืžื—ื” ืฉืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” (ืœืงื˜ ื™ื•ืฉืจ).
^ 4.. ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืžืขืœืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื™"ื’ ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ืืจ ืฉื™ืฉื ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื“ืจื’ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื ื”ื’ื”: 'ื–ืขื™ืจ ืื ืคื™ืŸ' ื•'ืืจื™ืš ืื ืคื™ืŸ', ืื• ื‘ืœืฉื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจืžื—"ืœ (ื“ืขืช ืชื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ืงืœื“, ื•ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื), ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“. ื”ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื”, ืฉื‘ื” ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ื”' ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื”ื™ื 'ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜', ืœืคื™ื” ื”ื›ืœ ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืžืขืฉื™ ื”ืื“ื, ืื ื™ื‘ื—ืจ ื‘ื˜ื•ื‘, ื™ื–ื›ื” ืœื‘ืจื›ื”, ื•ืื ื™ื‘ื—ืจ ื‘ืจืข, ื™ืžื ืข ืžืžื ื• ื”ืฉืคืข ื”ืืœื•ืงื™. ืืžื ื ืœืžืขืœื” ืžื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜, ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ื ืกืชืจืช, 'ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“', ืขืœ ืคื™ื” ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืชืงื“ื ืชืžื™ื“ ื•ืžืชืขืœื” ืืœ ื’ืื•ืœืชื•, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืืฃ ืžืžืฆื‘ื™ ื—ื˜ื ื•ืขื•ื ืฉ ื”' ืžืกื‘ื‘ ื‘ืกืชืจ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืชืขืœื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื•ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ื–ื• ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืช ืฉื›ืจืช ื”' ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉื‘ืื” ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ื™"ื’ ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืจื—ืžื™ื. ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืื ื• ืžืชืงืฉืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืœ ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“, ื›ืš ืื ื• ืžืชื’ื“ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ืžืงืฉืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืืœ ืชื›ืœื™ืชื•, ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ื ืžืฉื›ืช ืกืœื™ื—ื” ื•ืžื—ื™ืœื”, ื•ื”ืงื˜ืจื•ื’ื™ื ืžืชื‘ื˜ืœื™ื ื•ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ื ืžืฉื›ืช ืœืขื•ืœื.
^ 5.. ื™ืฉ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœืœื›ืช ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืงื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ืขืจื‘ ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื•ืœืชืช ืฆื“ืงื” ืœืขื ื™ื™ื (ืจืž"ื ืชืงืคื, ื“). ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื”ืงื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื ืชืกื™ื™ืข ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”. ืื‘ืœ ื”ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืงื‘ืจื•ืช ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื–ื”ืจ ืฉืœื ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืžื”ืžืชื™ื ืฉื™ืชืคืœืœื• ืขื‘ื•ืจื• ืืœื ืจืง ืืœ ื”' ื™ืคื ื” ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืชื• (ืžื”ืจื™"ืœ, ืžื”ืจ"ืœ ื ืชื™ื‘ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื™ื‘; ื—"ื ืงืœื—, ื”; ืž"ื‘ ืชืงืคื, ื›ื–). ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืžื•ืชืจ ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืžื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืฉืžืชื• ืฉื™ืชืคืœืœื• ืขื‘ื•ืจื ื• ืœื”' (ืคืž"ื’ ืชืงืคื, ืžื”ืจ"ื ืฉื™ืง ืื•"ื— ืจืฆื’). ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืื“ื ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ืžื ื”ื’ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื•. ื’ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืขืจื‘ ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืž"ื ืชืจื”, ื, ืฉื™ืฉ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื™ืœืš ืœืงื‘ืจื•ืช. ืื‘ืœ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืื™ืŸ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืžื™ ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ ื‘ื›ืš, ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ืขืจื‘ ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ื•ื ืงืฆืช ื™ื•"ื˜. ื•ื’ื ื‘ืขืจื‘ ืจ"ื” ืžื ื”ื’ ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ื ืคื•ืฅ.
^ 6.. ืœื˜"ื– ื™ื•"ื“ ืจืžื‘, ื™ื’, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืกืคืจ ืžื•ื ื— ื‘ืืจื•ืŸ ืื• ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืžื”, ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืขืžื•ื“, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ืื—ืจืช. ื•ืžื”ื™ ืจืฉื•ืช ืื—ืจืช? ื›ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืช, ืžืงื•ื ืฉื’ื‘ื•ื” ืขืฉืจื” ื˜ืคื—ื™ื (76 ืก"ืž) ื•ืจื—ื‘ ื“' ื˜ืคื—ื™ื (30.4 ืก"ืž). ื•ืœืคืž"ื’ ืื•"ื— ืงืžื—, ืž"ื– ื’, ื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืื™ืŸ ืœืืจื•ืŸ ืื• ืœื‘ื™ืžื” ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืขืฉืจื” ื˜ืคื—ื™ื ื•ืจื•ื—ื‘ ื“' ื˜ืคื—ื™ื, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืฉื ื”ื•ื ืžืงื•ืžื• ื”ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืกืคืจ, ื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืจื•ืื™ื ืื•ืชื•, ืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœืขืžื•ื“. ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืžื”, ื•ื›ืžืขื˜ ืฉื’ื ืื™ืŸ ืืจื•ืŸ, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื”ื ื™' ื˜ืคื—ื™ื ื•ื‘ืจื•ื—ื‘ื ื“' ื˜ืคื—ื™ื.
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ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
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